text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 15, 2003
|Filing date
|Jul 13, 2001
|Priority date
|Jul 13, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Lizhong Sun, Shijian Li
|Original Assignee
|Applied Materials Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (87), Non-Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (20), Classifications (17), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to integrated circuit fabrication and more particularly to the formation of metal layers used in integrated circuits.
2. Description of the Background Art
In the fabrication of integrated circuits (IC's), substrate surface planarity is of critical importance. This is especially so as the scale of integration increases and device features are reduced in size (e.g., sub-micron sizes). Integrated circuits typically include metal layers that are used to interconnect individual devices of the IC. The metal layers are typically isolated from each other by one or more dielectric material layers. Features (e.g., trenches, vias, etc.) formed through the dielectric layers provide electrical access between successive conductive interconnection layers.
Copper is becoming a metal of choice in integrated circuits for the metal layers that provide the electrical access between successive interconnection layers. Copper is preferred due to desirable properties such as lower resistance and better electromigration performance compared to traditional materials such as aluminum.
Copper may be deposited by various techniques such as physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and electrochemical plating (ECP). ECP is preferred because of its lower cost as compared to other deposition techniques. ECP entails the deposition of a metal conductive layer on a substrate by contacting the substrate with an electrolyte solution and providing an electrochemical potential between two electrodes. Copper ions plate out of the electrolyte solution and deposit onto the substrate.
Copper features are typically formed using damascene or dual damascene processes. In damascene processes, a feature is defined in a dielectric material and subsequently filled with copper. The copper is deposited both in the features and on the surrounding field. The copper deposited on the field is then removed to leave the copper filled feature formed in the dielectric.
The copper deposited on the field may be removed using techniques such as chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). CMP is a common technique used to planarize substrates. In CMP, a chemical polishing slurry, or other fluid medium, may be used in conjunction with mechanical energy to remove material from the substrate surface. However, with reducing dimensions (less than about 0.1 μm) for features on integrated circuits (ICs), it is difficult to planarize a metal surface using mechanical energy based CMP techniques.
Therefore, a need exists in the art for an improved method for planarizing a metal layer, such as a copper layer, on a substrate.
A method of chemically polishing a metal layer on a substrate is provided. The metal layer is chemically polished using an electrochemical polishing (ECP) process. In the ECP process, the substrate is immersed in a chemical polishing solution including a surfactant. The surfactant in the polishing solution covers the surface of the substrate such that only topographic portions of the substrate surface are exposed to the chemical polishing solution. Thereafter, an electrical potential applied to the substrate removes topographic portions of the substrate that are exposed to the polishing solution.
The teachings of the present invention can be readily understood by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 depicts a schematic illustration of a ECP apparatus that may be used for the practice of embodiments described herein;
FIG. 2 depicts a schematic cross-sectional view of an ECP system that can be used to chemically polish metal layers on a substrate;
FIG. 3 depicts a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of an ECP head system that can be used to chemically polish metal layers on the substrate;
FIGS. 4a-4 b depict schematic cross-sectional views of metal layer polishing using an ECP process;
FIGS. 5a-5 c depict schematic cross-sectional schematic views of a substrate during various stages of integrated circuit fabrication including an ECP process sequence; and
FIG. 6 illustrates a process flow diagram for a substrate undergoing an ECP process sequence.
Embodiments described herein relate to a method for polishing a metal layer formed on a substrate. The metal layer is polished using an electrochemical polishing (ECP) process. FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an apparatus 50 that may be used to polish the metal layer as described herein. The apparatus 50 is a multi-station type such as is employed in automated semiconductor manufacture processing. The apparatus 50 is adapted to perform both electrochemical polishing (ECP) as well as chemical mechanical polishing (CMP).
Referring to FIG. 1, the apparatus 50 includes a lower machine base 51 having an upper table surface 52 and a removable upper cover (not shown). The upper table surface 52 supports a plurality of substrate process stations 53 a, 53 b, and 53 c, as well as a transfer station 54. The transfer station 54 performs multiple functions such as, for example, receiving individual substrates (not shown) from a loading apparatus (not shown), washing substrates, and loading/unloading substrates to/from carrier heads 64 a, 64 b, 64 c, 64 d.
Substrate processing station 53 a may be an electrochemical polishing (ECP) station designed for chemically polishing metal layers. ECP station 53 a may include a rotatable platen 55 on which is mounted a pad 28.
Substrate process station 53 b may be a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) station designed for planarizing plated metal layers. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) station 53 b may include a rotatable platen 55 on which is mounted a polishing pad 56. Apparatus 50 may also include a barrier layer polishing station 53 c designed for polishing barrier layer materials that may be present on a substrate.
Each of the processing stations 53 b and 53 c may optionally include a pad conditioner 57. The pad conditioner 57 is used to maintain the condition of the polishing pad 56.
Intermediate washing stations 58 may optionally be positioned between adjacent processing stations 53 a, 53 b, 53 c and transfer station 54. The intermediate washing stations 58 are used to rinse substrates as they are passed from one station to the next.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, a rotatable multi-head carousel 59 is positioned above the lower machine base 51. The multi-head carousel 59 is supported by a center post 60 located on the upper table surface 52 and rotated about carousel axis 61 by means of a motor (not shown), located within the machine base 51. The center post 60 also supports a carousel base plate 62 and associated cover 63.
The multi-head carousel 59 includes four carrier heads 64 a, 64 b, 64 c, 64 d. Each carrier head 64 a, 64 b, 64 c, 64 d functions to hold substrates during a polishing process. Each carrier head 64 a, 64 b, 64 c, 64 d may also function to move substrates to/from the transfer station 54.
Each carrier head 64 a, 64 b, 64 c, 64 d is mounted on the carousel base plate 62 at equal angular intervals about the carousel axis 61. The center post 60 permits the carousel motor (not shown) to rotate the multi-head carousel 59 and carrier heads 64 a, 64 b, 64 c, 64 d about carousel axis 61.
A carrier drive shaft 66 couples a carrier head rotation motor 65 to each carrier head 64 a, 64 b, 64 c, 64 d, so that each carrier head may be rotated about its own axis. In addition, each carrier head 64 a, 64 b, 64 c, 64 d may be oscillated laterally in a radial slot 67 formed in the bottom of the carousel base plate 62.
While FIG. 1 illustrates a polishing system including one electrochemical polishing (ECP) station 53 a, one chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) station 53 b, and one barrier layer polishing station 53 c, Systems having two or more electrochemical polishing (ECP) stations and/or chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) stations are also contemplated.
Referring to FIG. 2, a schematic cross-sectional view of an ECP station 53 a is shown in greater detail. A substrate 22 is held in place on the ECP head 64 a. A partial enclosure 34 generally defines a container or polishing cell within which a polishing electrolyte may be confined.
The polishing electrolyte typically comprises one or more metallic species selected from copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), tungsten (W), gold (Au), silver (Ag), among other materials, which can be electrochemically polished. For example, copper sulfate (CuSO4) may be used as the polishing electrolyte. Copper-containing electrolyte solutions suitable for polishing Cu on the substrate 22 include Ultrafill 2000, commercially available from Shipley Ronel, a division of Rohm and Haas, headquartered in Philadelphia, Pa. The polishing electrolyte solution may optionally comprise pH adjusters such as, for example, sulfuric acid or acetic acid.
The partial enclosure 34 includes an anode 26, a diffuser plate 44, and a pad 28. The pad 28 is disposed on the diffuser plate 44. The partial enclosure 34 is typically a bowl shaped member made of a plastic material such as, for example, fluoropolymers, TEFLON�, and polyethylene, among other materials. The plastic material comprising the partial enclosure 34 should be compatible with the polishing electrolytes used therein, such that they are non-reactive with each other.
The partial enclosure 34 is coupled to a shaft 32 that extends into the base 51. Alternatively, a mounting platform (not shown) may be interposed between the partial enclosure and the shaft 32. The shaft 32 is coupled to an actuator (not shown), such as, for example, a motor (e.g., a stepper motor) disposed in the base 51. The actuator is adapted to rotate the partial enclosure 34 about vertical axis x. Additionally, the shaft 32 has a plurality of ports 36 formed therein. The ports 36 define passageways through which fluid (e.g., polishing electrolyte) is provided to the partial enclosure 34.
The anode 26 is positioned on the lower surface of the partial enclosure 34, such that it is immersed in the polishing electrolyte. Anode 26 typically comprises a ring-shaped, plate-like member. The anode 26 may optionally comprise a plate having a plurality of holes formed therethrough, or multiple anode pieces disposed in a permeable membrane material.
The anode 26 is preferably formed of the material to be polished (e.g., copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), gold (Au), silver (Ag), and tungsten (W)), although it may optionally be formed of a material other than the material to be polished such as, for example, platinum (Pt). The anode 26 may also comprise a consumable material, requiring the periodic replacement thereof.
The pad 28 is disposed on the diffuser plate 44. The pad 28 is preferably conductive to ions in the polishing electrolyte such as copper ions, for example, used for copper polishing applications. The metal polishing electrolyte is supplied to the pad 28 through a fluid delivery line 40, having an outlet 42 positioned above the pad 28. The pad 28 may optionally be disposed adjacent to or placed in contact with the anode 26. Additionally, the pad 28 should be compatible with the polishing electrolytes used for polishing the conductive metal layer, such that they are non-reactive with each other. The pad 28 may optionally comprise a plurality of pores and/or grooves to provide electrolyte from the bulk solution in region 38 of enclosure 34 toward the gap between the substrate 22 and the pad 28.
The pad 28 may comprise a polymeric material such as polyurethane. Examples of suitable pads may include, for example, IC 1000 pads, IC 1010 pads, Suba series pads, Politex series pads, and MH S series pads, commercially available from Rodel, Inc., of Phoenix, Ariz. Other suitable pads include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) pads commercially available from Asahi, Japan, and fixed abrasive pads commercially available from 3M Corporation, Minneapolis, Minn.
The diffuser plate 44 is used to support the pad 28 in the partial enclosure 34. The diffuser plate 44 may be secured in the partial enclosure 34 using fasteners such as, for example, screws. Other suitable fastening means may include snap or interference fit with the enclosure 34 (not shown), suspension attachment (not shown), and the like. The diffuser plate 44 may be made of a plastic material such as, for example, fluoropolymers, polyethylenes, and TEFLON�, among others. The diffuser plate 44 should also be compatible with the polishing electrolytes used for polishing the conductive metal layer, such that they are non-reactive with each other.
The diffuser plate 44 may optionally have a plurality of holes or channels 46 formed therein. The holes 46 are sized to enable fluid flow therethrough and to provide a uniform distribution of electrolyte through the pad 28 toward the substrate 22.
The pad 28 may optionally be fastened to the diffuser plate 44 using adhesives that are compatible with the fluid environment. The diffuser plate 44 is preferably spaced from the anode 26 to reduce the sensitivity of the conductive metal layer thickness to the anode dimensions.
A membrane (not shown) may be disposed between the anode 26 and the pad 28 to prevent particles and/or by-products produced at the anode from depositing on the substrate 22 surface. The membrane should be permeable to electrolyte flow, but not permeable to particles and/or byproducts produced at anode 26.
The ECP head 64 a is movably positioned above the pad 28. The ECP head 64 a is both vertically and laterally movable relative to the pad 28. For example, ECP head 64 a may be vertically movable about the x-axis, and rotatable about the y-axis. The x- and y-axes of the partial enclosure 34 and the ECP head 64 a, respectively, are typically offset to provide orbital motion between the pad 28 and the ECP head 64 a. Orbital motion is broadly described herein as an elliptical relative motion between the pad 28 and the ECP head 64 a. The ECP head 64 a holds a substrate 22 with the surface to be polished facing downward toward the pad 28.
FIG. 3 depicts a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrochemical polishing (ECP) head 64 a. The ECP head 64 a is in operative position facing a pad (not shown). A shaft or spindle 466 is operatively coupled to a head assembly 469. The head assembly 469 comprises a circularly-shaped, inner mounting piece 470 having a narrow, shaft-like, axially extending upper portion 471 coupled to a drive shaft 466. A lower portion 472 of the mounting piece 470 includes a diffuser plate 473 for mounting the substrate 22 thereon. The lower portion of the mounting piece also has an outer, annularly-shaped mounting piece 474 including an inwardly extending flange portion 475 at its upper end and an annularly-shaped retaining ring 476 at its lower end.
The ECP head 64 a is adapted to provide for the controlled application of a time-varying electrochemical potential (e.g., a variable anodic potential) to substrate 22. A programmable electronic potentiostat 477 having working (w), counter (c), and reference (r) electrode outputs is operatively coupled to the head assembly 469 by means of respective electrical leads 478, brush-type electrical contacts 79, and concentric contact rings 480, formed on the upper surface of the lower portion 472 of mounting piece 470. Respective electrical leads connected to contact rings 480 are also connected to an annularly-shaped electrical contact located between the diffuser plate 473 and the rear surface of substrate 22 (inwardly of the substrate circumference), for permitting functioning of the substrate as a working (w) electrode. Electrical leads are also coupled to a plurality of counter electrodes 481 (e.g., formed of an electrochemically inert, electrically conductive material such as Pt or C) and reference electrodes 482 (e.g., formed of Pt or Ag/AgCl) positioned in grooved recesses 483 formed in the lower surface of retaining ring 476. A polishing electrolyte is supplied to the pad 56 through a fluid delivery arm 490.
Alternatively, the reference electrodes 482 and the electrode potentiostat 477 may be replaced with a 2-electrode programmable DC power supply. Moreover, a coulometer may be electrically positioned in either the working electrode or counter-electrode circuit, for providing end-point indication/detection. Alternatively, a detector for measuring a physical property (e.g., eddy currents) or an optical property (e.g., reflectance as indicated by means of a conventional light source/photocell apparatus) for determining the end-point of ECP processing may also be used.
While the ECP head 64 a is presented as having the configuration of component parts described above, other configurations are also contemplated.
Electrochemical Polishing (ECP)
A metal layer such as copper may be polished using an electrochemical polishing (ECP) technique. In the ECP process, the substrate is immersed in a chemical polishing solution including a surfactant. The surfactant in the polishing solution covers the surface of the substrate such that only topographic portions of the substrate surface are exposed to the chemical polishing solution. Thereafter, an electrical potential applied to the substrate removes topographic portions of the substrate that are exposed to the polishing solution.
Referring to FIGS. 2, 3, and 5 a, a substrate 22 is attached onto the ECP head 64 a and positioned within the enclosure 34 of ECP station 53 a. The substrate 22 may include, for example, a dielectric material 602, a barrier layer 603, and a seed layer 604. The dielectric material 602 has vias (holes) 602 a defined therein.
A polishing electrolyte solution is provided to the enclosure 34 from fluid delivery line 40. The substrate 22 is positioned so as to be in contact with polishing electrolyte above the pad 28. The polishing electrolyte preferably comprises at least one surfactant. The surfactant functions to form a protective layer on portions of the surface of the substrate. The protective layer is believed to orient parallel to the metal layer during polishing. In this manner, the protective layer insulates portions of the substrate surface from reacting with the polishing electrolyte. The protective layer has a thickness that is a function of the polishing composition, including the nature and concentration of the surfactant, the nature of the metal layer, the speed at which the substrate is rotated in the polishing electrolyte, as well as the surface topography of the metal layer.
Referring to FIGS. 4a and 6, polishing of the metal layer 502 begins with step 700. The substrate 22 is immersed in a chemical polishing solution including a surfactant. The surfactant in the polishing solution covers the surface of the substrate such that only topographic portions of the substrate surface are exposed to the chemical polishing solution. The substrate 22 may rotate while immersed in the polishing electrolyte. The substrate 22 may rotate at a velocity of about greater than about 5,000 rpm.
During the polishing process, the surfactant acts to cover portions of the metal layer so that only topographic portions of substrate 22 are in contact with the polishing electrolyte. The surfactant prevents the polishing electrolyte from contacting the surface of the substrate 22 in locations where localized depressions 504 exist, such that metal polishing only occurs on the topographic portions of the substrate 22.
The surfactant preferably comprises an organic material including polar moieties, such as, for example, sulfates, sulfonates, carboxylates, alkylene oxides, esters, polyglycosides, betaines, amides, and amines among others. The surfactant may also include non-polar moieties, such as, for example, alkyl groups, aryl groups, allyl groups, and benzyl groups, among others.
Examples of suitable surfactants may include one or more compounds selected from the group of benzopyran, thiourea, and aliphatic ethers. For example, the surfactant may comprise a benzopyran-containing compound, 2-H-1-benzopyran-2-one, C9O2H6, (i.e. coumarin), or its derivatives. The benzopyran-containing derivatives may further comprise additional functional groups including alcohols, carboxylic acids, and ethers, among others. The surfactant may also comprise, for example, sulfourea, CH4N2S, or its derivatives. Derivatives of sulfourea may further comprise additional functional groups including alkyl groups, alcohols, and carboxylic acids, among others. The surfactant may also comprise, for example, an aliphatic ether having a chemical formula, RC6H5O—(R′—O)n, where R and R′ refer to aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and n refers to an integer with a value of 1-10. The concentration of the surfactant may range from about 0.1 wt. % to about 30 wt. %.
The polishing electrolyte may further comprise one or more etchants (inorganic or organic acids) and one or more oxidizers. Suitable etchants include hydrogen peroxide, ferric nitrate, iodate-containing materials, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, or combinations thereof, among others. The concentration of the one or more etchants may range from about 0.1 wt. % to about 50 wt. %.
The polishing composition may further comprise a corrosion inhibitor. Suitable corrosion inhibitors may include benzotriazole (BTA) or 5methyl-1-benzotriazole (TTA), and combinations thereof, among others. The concentration of the one or more corrosion inhibitors may range from about 0.1 wt % to about 25 wt. %.
In order to provide a greater degree of control to the rate of dissolution, a power source (not shown) is used to apply a potential difference between the substrate 22 and the anode 26. The potential difference is applied between the anode 26 and the working electrode (w). The potential difference applied between the anode 26 and the working electrode (w) is typically within a range of about 0.2 volts to about 5 volts. The applied voltage depends upon the nature of the pad material and cell configuration. The potential difference provides an electrochemical driving force for metal ions from the surface of the substrate 22 to dissolve in the electrolyte solution.
Metal on the unprotected topographic areas of the substrate are oxidized and are dissolved in the liquid phase of the polishing composition. A corresponding reaction takes place at the cathode wherein the either the cathode material, hydrogen ions, or dissolved oxygen or other chemical constituents within the enclosure are reduced. The oxidation and reduction reactions occur continually as the potential is applied, forming a electrochemical cell.
The composition of the polishing electrolyte as well as the applied electrochemical potential may be varied in time throughout the polishing process in order to optimize process throughput as well as the process yield. Furthermore, the polishing electrolyte as well as the rotational velocity may be adjusted by means of a feedback loop that incorporates a microprocessor and a controller during the polishing of the conductive layer.
The ECP process described herein is particularly advantageous in that it enables one to fine tune size of the features to be polished as well as the rate of polishing. The surfactant type, concentration and rotational velocity may be altered to control the thickness of the protective layer and thereby the size of the topographic region to be polished. Furthermore, the rate of polishing may be adjusted as a function of the etchant type and concentration as well the magnitude of the applied electrochemical potential.
After the metal layer is polished 502 using the ECP process described above, the barrier layer 603 may be removed by transferring the substrate 22 to chemical mechanical polishing station 53 b and/or barrier removal station 53 c, as indicated in step 706 of FIG. 6. The process for removing the barrier layer may be a single step or multi step CMP process.
Although several preferred embodiments, which incorporate the teachings of the present invention, have been shown and described in detail, those skilled in the art can readily devise many other varied embodiments that still incorporate these teachings.
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|Working liquids and methods for modifying structured wafers suited for semiconductor fabrication
|Aug 2, 2000
|Feb 22, 2001
|Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp
|Method and composition for improved flux slurry wetting in heat exchanger brazing
|Boisde, Paul M.; Meuly, Walter C.; and Rhone-Poulene, Inc., "Coumarin", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Copyright 1993 by John Wiley & Sons.*
|Nogami, "An Innovation to Integrate Porous Low-K Materials and Copper", Interconnect Japan 2001; Honeywell Seminar (Dec. 6, 2001) pp. 1-12.
|U.S. Ser. No. 09/543,777, filed Apr. 5, 2000 to Sun, et al.
|U.S. Ser. No. 09/569,968, filed May 11, 2000 to Sun.
|U.S. Ser. No. 09/606,544, filed Jun. 30, 2000 to Bajaj, et al.
|U.S. Ser. No. 09/608,078, filed Jun. 30, 2000 to Sun, et al.
|U.S. Ser. No. 09/694,866, filed Oct. 23, 2000 to Wang, et al.
|U.S. Ser. No. 09/698,863, filed Oct. 27, 2000 to Tsai, et al.
|U.S. Ser. No. 09/968,864, filed Oct. 27, 2000 to Sun, et al.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 25, 2003
|Nov 28, 2006
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Etchant for wire, method of manufacturing wire using etchant, thin film transistor array panel including wire and manufacturing method thereof
|Feb 23, 2005
|May 12, 2009
|Novellus Systems, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for uniform electropolishing of damascene IC structures by selective agitation
|Mar 22, 2007
|Aug 4, 2009
|Ebara Corporation
|Electrolytic processing apparatus and substrate processing apparatus and method
|Oct 5, 2006
|Sep 21, 2010
|Novellus Systems, Inc.
|Selective electrochemical accelerator removal
|Jan 31, 2007
|Oct 5, 2010
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and system for pad conditioning in an ECMP process
|Jun 13, 2005
|Aug 16, 2011
|Cabot Microelectronics Corporation
|Controlled electrochemical polishing method
|Nov 20, 2006
|Apr 17, 2012
|Novellus Systems, Inc.
|Topography reduction and control by selective accelerator removal
|Dec 29, 2009
|May 1, 2012
|Novellus Systems, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for depositing copper on tungsten
|Aug 20, 2010
|Sep 18, 2012
|Novellus Systems, Inc.
|Selective electrochemical accelerator removal
|Apr 2, 2012
|Feb 19, 2013
|Novellus Systems, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for depositing copper on tungsten
|Aug 6, 2007
|Jun 25, 2013
|Novellus Systems, Inc.
|Topography reduction and control by selective accelerator removal
|Aug 4, 2009
|Sep 10, 2013
|Novellus Systems, Inc.
|Modulated metal removal using localized wet etching
|May 11, 2011
|Nov 19, 2013
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Chemical planarization of copper wafer polishing
|Aug 10, 2012
|Aug 5, 2014
|Novellus Systems, Inc.
|Selective electrochemical accelerator removal
|Dec 21, 2001
|Jun 26, 2003
|Alain Duboust
|Electrolyte composition and treatment for electrolytic chemical mechanical polishing
|Jun 25, 2003
|Apr 15, 2004
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Etchant for wire, method of manufacturing wire using etchant, thin film transistor array panel including wire and manufacturing method thereof
|Jan 31, 2003
|Oct 21, 2004
|Mitsuhiko Shirakashi
|Electrolytic processing apparatus and substrate processing apparatus and method
|Dec 11, 2002
|Mar 10, 2005
|Mitsuhiko Shirakashi
|Electrolytic processing apparatus and method
|Jun 13, 2005
|Dec 14, 2006
|Cabot Microelectronics Corporation
|Controlled electrochemical polishing method
|Apr 9, 2009
|May 12, 2011
|Motohiko Sakaguchi
|Business process control apparatus, businesses process control method and business process control program
|U.S. Classification
|205/651, 205/684
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 13, 2001
|Dec 23, 2003
|Certificate of correction
|Dec 18, 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 21, 2011
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jul 15, 2011
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Sep 6, 2011
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20110715


text:
What exactly are you planning on doing with your Seneca 9? If I am not mistaken, it's one of those selfcasing cycle cameras, and approaching about 100years in age. Are you looking for a "cosmetic" repair for display only, or something a little more serious to put the camera back into service (in which case the already mentioned R.R. would be a good choice)?
Honestly, I wouldn't recommend using these cameras for regular shooting other than maybe the odd photo during a Sunday afternoon drive. They are rather fragile to begin with (the insides, not the box itself), especially the triple extension models like your no 9.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Show off your epic gingerbread house decorating skills to support Habitat for Humanity and try to win the coveted golden hammer.
This Veterans Day, UAB will again honor past and present members of our nation's military with a Wreath Laying Ceremony at 1:30 p.m. on the Campus Green.
Watch clips from his recent appearances around the late night talk show circuit before his appearance at the Alys Stephens Center November 12.
Activities will include a variety of Halloween-themed games, a haunted house, and a costume contest. Admission is free and includes free food.
UAB Students must register in advance to receive a ticket to attend "the largest indoor haunted attraction in the Southeast." Bus transportation will also be provided.
Develop your skills as an emerging leader on campus and in the community. Registration for the free event must be completed by Tuesday, October 28.
Blazer Express Safety Escort vans will now operate from 9 p.m.-5:30 a.m. every day (regular Blazer Express bus service will also continue to operate until midnight each night).
Judy Shepard, mother of Matthew Shepard, a young man attacked and killed in 1998 because he was gay, will speak at UAB about what we can do to make our school and community safer for everyone.
UAB Campus Restaurants' newest location, The Den by Denny's, will celebrate its opening with free food samples, T-shirts, games, and more.
Student Life events after 7 p.m. on Monday, October 13 are cancelled. The Campus Recreation Center will close early at 7:30 p.m.
The free Comedy Show will take place October 7 at 8 p.m. in the Alys Stephens Center. Watch video of Godfrey's "Black By Accident" special for a taste of what's in store.
The six-time NASCAR champion will serve as the honorary race flagman for one of UAB Homecoming week's oldest traditions.
A fire safety demonstration involving the burning of full-scale models of residence hall rooms will follow the UAB Homecoming Parade.
Global Partners was established to serve as the bridge between students wishing to study away and student alumni who already have.
The annual CGI U event is designed to engage the next generation of leaders on college campuses. Last year, seven UAB students were selected to attend.
Join the Inferno, download the UAB Fanatics app, and catch a free shuttle to UAB home games at Legion Field. The Blazers face off against Alabama A&M on Saturday, September 13 at 2:30 p.m.
A new statue of UAB's beloved mascot was recently installed in front of Bartow Arena, quickly catching students' attention.
Orientation Leaders play a vital role in helping new students make a smooth transition to life at UAB.
UAB students and alumni can benefit from having an exclusive audience with at least 50 potential employers at the Part-Time Job Fair August 28 in the Campus Recreation Center.
Blackboard access is no longer available for students. You will now find class information such as assignments and grades for each of your courses in Canvas.


text:
Showing 26 results within 300 mi of "San Francisco, California" in category "Pets & Animals"
Priority Ads
Beautiful Pure Persian Black & White Bi-Color Male Kitten
Tiny AKC girl
Tcup Maltese Puppies $2000-$2500
Do you want San Francisco Chronicle to send you an email when new ads are placed that match this search?
This ad is now on the Clip List for this computer. Login to use your Clip List list anywhere you go!


text:
XNA Framework Redistributable4.0 Refresh
editor's review
XNA Framework Redistributable is a programming tool for the software developers that want to create games for Windows. The package is also required for running a game that was created with XNA Game Studio.
The libraries provided in the XNA Framework are designed for game development and are based on .NET Framework. They include classes, interfaces and value types that constitute the basis of every application or component developed with XNA Game Studio.
The goal of the library is to make the tasks of a game developer easier by providing a set of predefined tools and classes. This allows the user to learn faster and to spend less time for creating a window or enumerating graphic adapters. It can enable the developer to focus on writing the code for the game.
The framework intends to help developers create games for multiple platforms such as Windows, Windows Phone and Xbox 360. It includes a set of APIs that makes it easier to create an Xbox 360 version of a game developed for Windows.
The APIs are normalized across the platforms and allow you to avoid many of the compiling bugs encountered when porting a game. For instance, the Storage API allows you to save and access data in the same way on both platforms.
Overall, the XNA Framework Redistributable is a useful tool both for professional game designers and especially for beginners. Using this set of APIs allows them to invest more time in the content of the game instead of dealing with compatibility issues.
top FREE alternatives
top PAID alternatives


text:
Kashi TLC Cherry Dark Chocolate Chewy Granola Bars
- Contains Almonds
- Contains Wheat
- Contains Glycerin
- Contains Milk Ingredients
- May Contain Tree Nuts
- Contains Peanuts
- Contains Soy
Rolled Grain Blend (Hard Red Wheat, Oats, Rye, Triticale, Barley), Brow Rice, Cherries (Cherries, Apple Juice Concentrate, Red Tart Cherry Juice Concentrate), Semi-Sweet Chocolate (Evaporated Cane Juice, Chocolate Liquor, Cocoa Butter, Soy Lecithin, Vanilla), Soy Protein Isolate, Soy Grits, Evaporated Cane Juice Syrup, Honey, Corn Flour, Expeller Pressed Canola Oil, Rice Starch, Vegetable Glycerin, Oat Fiber, Evaporated Salt, Kashi Seven Whole Grains & Sesame® Blend (Whole: Hard Red Winter Wheat, Oats, Rye, Barley, Triticale, Long Grain Brown Rice, Buckwheat, Sesame Seeds), Natural Flavor, Molasses, Soy Lecithin, Whey Protein Isolate, Almond Flour, Peanut Flour. Contains Cherries And May Contain Cherry Pits.
6ct, 1.2oz ea
Like That? You'll Love This.
- Yellow Bananas1 bunch, approx. 5-7 bananas$1.99/bnc
- KashiTLC Trail Mix Chewy Granola Bars6ct, 1.2oz ea$4.59/ea($9.98/lb)
- KashiTLC Honey Almond Flax Chewy Granola Bars6ct, 1.2oz ea$4.59/ea($9.98/lb)
- $2.99/ea
$3.99Save! 2 for $5.00
- $2.49/eaAny 2 bag carrots for $4.50Mix'n'Match
- KashiTLC Peanut Peanut Butter Chewy Granola Bars6ct, 1.2oz ea$4.59/ea($9.98/lb)
- $3.49/lb
$3.99Save 12%
- Driscoll'sStrawberries1lb pkg$4.99/ea
- $4.99/ea
- $5.49/ea($14.45/lb)
- $0.99/ea
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Nyack College Represented at Kristallnacht Commemoration
Nyack College will be represented at a Kristallnacht Commemoration hosted by the Holocaust Museum and Study Center in Spring Valley, NY on Thursday, November 8 at 7:00 p.m. The ceremony will take place at the New City Jewish Center located at 47 Schoolhouse Road in New City.
Ms. Lisa Stenchever, education director at the Museum and Study Center invited Earl Miller, executive director of community relations at Nyack College to share remarks during the annual event.
Kristallnacht, also known as the Night of Broken Glass, refers to the violent anti-Jewish pogroms which took place on November 9 and 10, 1938, throughout Germany. This Nazi attack destroyed 7,000 Jewish businesses, burned more than 900 synagogues, and killed nearly 100 Jews and deported thousands of 30,000 Jewish men to concentration camps.
Recent Posts
- Peter Irvine, 2015 School of Business and Leadership Keynote Speaker
- SAVE THE DATES: Nyack's Scholars Symposium: November 4-5!
- Alliance World Fellowship President ATS/Nyack College Chapel Speaker
- Official Statement in Response to Media Announced Law Suit
- MA in Mental Health Counseling Online Approved by NYS Education Department
- School of Music Reunion with Dr. John McArthur
- OCT 17: Fall Fishing
- OCT 17: Homecoming Block Party!
- Woman: A Rite of Passage Initiation Ceremony Held
- Dr. Mark Nanos Welcomed to Nyack NYC for AJCO Colloquia Series
- A HOMECOMING HIT! The Running Warrior 3K Walk & 5K Road Race
- Nyack on U.S. News & World Report 2016 Best Colleges Diversity List
- NYC Campus Library Gets a New Name
- The Names by Billy Collins
- ATS Alumnus/Author Dimas Salaberrios, a Fox & Friends Guest
- Homecoming 2015: Nyack Alumni, Prepare to Dine!
- The Loss of AGSC Colleague, Dr. James Chin
- Forum on Restorative Justice Features Nyack Professor
- Math Prof Conducts Research at Seoul International Christian Academy in Korea
- Inspiration for a New Academic Year at Nyack/ATS
- School of Music: Trading Textbooks for iPads
- Peter Rohdin: Responding to God's Call
- Women Warrior Teams Honored for Sportsmanship...the Ninth Straight Year
- Nyack/ATS Loses a Dear Friend
- Nyack College Represented in Journal News STEM Education Feature
- Browse Blog Archive>>
- Feed


text:
Healthcare Providers and Services
Company Overview of Medcan Health Management Inc.
Executive Profile
Shaun Francis
Executive Chair, Medcan Health Management Inc.
|Total Calculated Compensation
|This person is connected to 3 Board Members in 3 different organizations across 3 different industries.
See Board Relationships
Mr. Shaun Francis serves as the Executive Chair at Medcan Health Management Inc. Mr. Francis served as the President at Medcan Health Management Inc. since 2002. He also served as the Chief Executive Officer, Vice President, and Chief Financial Officer at the firm. Previously, Mr. Francis served as the Senior Vice President of Strategy and Business Development at Broadlane, Inc. He also worked at Morgan Stanley's investment banking division where he was involved with ...
Corporate Headquarters
150 York StreetPhone: 416-350-5900
Toronto, Ontario M5H 3S5
Fax: 416-350-5980
Board Members Memberships
Director and Member of Editorial Advisory Board
Executive Chair
Director, Member of Audit Committee and Member of Governance & Compensation Committee
University of Pennsylvania - The Wharton School
Honorary Doctorate
Royal Military College of Canada
United States Naval Academy
Other Affiliations
Annual CompensationThere is no Annual Compensation data available.
Stocks OptionsThere is no Stock Options data available.
Total CompensationThere is no Total Compensation data available.
|There is no Competitor Compensation data available.
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Our data partners will research the update request and update the information on this page if necessary. Research and follow-up could take several weeks. If you have questions, you can contact them at firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
#TCPalmSocial review: Dishes explode with flavor at the Original Tiki Bar and Restaurant in Fort Pierce
The Original Tiki Bar and Restaurant
Subscribe to TCPalm.com and our Treasure Coast Newspapers
Ready to subscribe to TCPalm.com, The Stuart News, The St. Lucie News Tribune and The Indian River Press Journal? Choose between a Premium or Digital subscription below.
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-710-6180.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 6:30am-10:30am / Sunday: 7am-11am


text:
Just downloaded this app for my iphone. Looking to see if this interests me or not.I hate camping,dancing and the beach during daylight hours
Join OkCupid
Find better matches with our advanced
Find better matches with our advanced
matching system
—% Match
—% Enemy
46 • Buffalo, NY • Man
I'm looking for
- Women
- Ages 27–40
- Near me
- Who are single
- For long-term dating, short-term dating
My details
- Last online
- Yesterday – 3:12am
- Orientation
- Straight
- Ethnicity
- White
- Status
- Single
- Height
- 5' 11" (1.80m)
- Body Type
- Average
- Smoking
- Sometimes
- Drinking
- Often
- Sign
- Aries
- Education
- Space camp
- Speaks
- English
My self-summary
Write a little about yourself. Just a paragraph will do.
What I'm doing with my life
Don't overthink this one; tell us what you're doing day-to-day.
Well when i was younger just trying to drink,smoke n fuck everything in sight. Now that im in my early 40s that has changed a bit. (a bit) thinking i might b ready to settle down with the right girl of course.
I'm really good at
Go on, brag a little (or a lot). We won't judge.
Solving other peoples problems.
The first things people usually notice about me
I'm an empty essay… fill me out!
I dunno
Favorite books, movies, shows, music, and food
Help your potential matches find common interests.
Dont read much but love bukowski burroughs and thompson. Movies n music too much too list
On a typical Friday night I am
Netflix and takeout, or getting your party on — how do you let loose?
Out having a few drinks or going to bed early cuz i have to work the next day
The most private thing I'm willing to admit
I'm an empty essay… fill me out!
I admit nothing
You should message me if
Offer a few tips to help matches win you over.
You think ur different
Report this photo
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text:
Garret Mountain Reservation Loop Trail is a 3.8 mile loop trail located near Woodlawn Park, New Jersey that offers the chance to see wildlife and is good for all skill levels. The trail offers a number of activity options and is accessible from September until May. Dogs are also able to use this trail.
Dawn Golon (86)
9 days ago
Just went today, I found the trails clean of any debris/garbage as others had complained of. Next time I will bring my dog, was sort of nervous after reading all the reviews, but again, I saw no problems. Just wish the trails were marked a little better, go confused and turned around sometimes.
Andrew Estrella (337)
3 months ago
Yes it's busy. Yes, there's some glass and garbage but growing up in Paterson it's all I had. This park is still very nice and offers some great views of Paterson and even NYC's skyline.
Daniel Tullio (46)
10 months ago
Great place to hike if you don't mind scattered garbage. Decent sized park in the middle of suburban area. LOTS of deer. Great view of NYC and other nice viewpoints. Lots of people. Trails are marked fairly well.
Cathy Metalkat (97)
1 year ago
If you are looking for a populated hike on the beaten trail, this is it.
Matthew Foutch (1036)
2 years ago
Good hike on the yellow trail with great views. Lots of trash and glass so be careful if you bring a dog.
Ed Mathews (190)
2 years ago
Did these trails a million times over. Very nice hikes, just messy sometimes. Litter all around. Great views all around.
Pete Dziedzic (350)
2 years ago
I went today and walked the yellow trail with my GF and boxer Dutch. Great views from the top I must say. Trail was tricky to follow at some points. Great area.
Cy Leba (306)
4 years ago
I love this place im born and raised in Paterson and came here alot and even took my son when he was much younger hes 25, i plan on taking my grandson, while your in the area travel to Paterson about 20 min or so away and check out the Great Falls off Main st and Front st, this has great views,


text:
Classes at Atelier 6000 in Bend
Expand Messages
- The Perfect Impression: Word and Image
Wednesday, July 30 to Friday, August 1
at Atelier 6000 in Bend, Oregon
Instructors: Jessica Spring and Ezma Hanschka
Explore a variety of techniques to layer text and image in this three-day
intensive. We will cover letterpress basics including press operation, ink
mixing and typesetting. Students will build texture and color through paper
staining, non-toxic transfers and collage then add vintage ornaments, wood
and handset metal type. By the end of class, students will produce a small
book with samples of techniques learned and exchange an editioned print.
For more information:
Your message has been successfully submitted and would be delivered to recipients shortly.


text:
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
TripAdvisor Reviews Sakol Lampang
Travel Blogs from Lampang
Wanalee at last
... painted flowers and a little elephant painted elephants! It was amazing to watch - and we're tempted to say - the concentration on their faces but that would be silly - wouldn't it?
At the end of the show the paintings were lined up and the announcer told us they were for sale so just let them know if you wanted one. Bryan was there in a shot and reserved it for us.
Yeahy our second original painting by Wanalee :-)
The elephants were ...
Please purchase the appropriate men's suit discoun
... in
found time workplace, men's suits discount such, and have observed that
it has a lot of it because we also.Many of the people, the only
problem to face that at the time of purchase, is not knowing the style
that is commercially available as is worn at the base most men's suits
discount. In short, you will come to know that you do not know how to go
further in order to buy what you will be ...
My jungle experience with Pang Boon Me
... us at our table and showed us his advanced English textbook that he was learning from and told us his story of how he came to work at the elephant sanctuary. After a couple beers each and teaching him the correct pronunciation of the words listed in his English book, we felt very connected to this like-aged Thai and soon were playing games and talking as if we were long-time friends.
The next morning we woke up bright and early, packed our day packs for an ...
The Day We Became Elephant Keepers
... naughty youngsters. One playing ball, one squirting with a hose and one attempting to climb over the pen. We fed them all a few bananas each before leaving the lively bundles to the mahouts and making our way back dodging a few huge elephants making their way out to the jungle for the night and chilling out at our homestay before tomorrow's early start.
It was a bleary eyed 6.30am and we were up, ready, armed with 2 very long sticks of sugar cane walking into the jungle ...
Train: Bangkok to ?
May 19-20
After our introduction to Thailand in the large city of Bangkok, the two of us were ready to leave the hustle and bustle of millions of people in the city and see a more intimate Thailand. The only problem is that our next planned stop was to hit Chiang Mai, the provincial capital and largest city in Northern Thailand. Neither of us were thrilled about moving from one city to the next, but on Sunday night we found ourselves with train ...
Other places to stay in Lampang
Lampang River Lodge330 Moo 11,Chompoo, Lampang | 3 star hotelfrom $42
TipChang Hotel54/22 Takrow Noi Rd. Sobtui, Lampang | Hotelfrom $20
Wienglakor Hotel138/109 Phaholyothin Road, Lampang | 2 star hotelfrom $58
Lampang Wiengthong Hotel138/109 Phaholyothin Road,Suandok, Lampang | 3 star hotelfrom $34
Pin Hotel Lampang8 Suandok Road , Lampang | Hotelfrom $16
Hotel Kim City Lampang274/1 Chatchai Rd., Lampang | Hotelfrom $23
Khelang Nakorn Hotel18 Suandok Rd. , Lampang | Hotelfrom $6


text:
Joseph Thatcher
This is so awesome!
This is so awesome!
seen this 8 million times already
Amateurish site and embellished story.
Sick of hearing this same joke over and over again. Starting now, I'm blocking any site that hosts it.
this is really funny and really geeky -- geeky enough, I think, to have not been made up
I liked the coincidental link between Boyle's Law and kettling in Hell. I am such a geek.
Good lord this is ancient.
I think this is hilarious. Thanks.
From the page:
"1. If Hell is expanding at a slower rate than the rate at which souls enter Hell, then the temperature and pressure in Hell will increase until all Hell breaks loose.
2. If Hell is expanding at a rate faster than the increase of souls in Hell, then the temperature and pressure will drop until Hell freezes over.
So which is it?
If we accept the postulate given to me by Teresa during my Freshman year that, "It will be a cold day in Hell before I sleep with you," and take into account the fact that I slept with her last night, then number two must be true, and thus I am sure that Hell is exothermic and has already frozen over. The corollary of this theory is that since Hell has frozen over, it follows that it is not accepting any more souls and is therefore, extinct......leaving only Heaven, thereby proving the existence of a divine being which explains why, last night, Teresa kept shouting "Oh my God."
I love it when science geeks let loose their sense of humour. Very sexy.
Thanks to kynran for this!!


text:
Everything tagged
Latest from The Spokesman-Review
New national seed strategy aims to make burned lands more resilient
Even as fires ravage landscapes across the west, restoration crews already are on the ground amid the smoke, starting work on plans to reseed and rehabilitate the burned wildlands. "There's an urgent need," said Tim Murphy, Idaho state director of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management.
That need has prompted an array of federal and state agencies to partner with hundreds of groups, from commercial seed producers to garden clubs, research universities to ranchers, to launch a new "National Seed Strategy for Rehabilitation and Restoration" today, aimed at not only restoring burned landscapes across the west, but making them more resilient before the next fire hits.
"It goes beyond the Great Basin," said Steve Ellis, deputy director of the BLM in Washington, D.C. "This is for the whole country. It can be applied in areas where we have lost natural vegetation from hurricanes and other natural disasters." Ellis, who started his career as a forester 36 years ago in Idaho, flew over the giant Soda Fire in southern Idaho yesterday with fire and land management officials. "The conversation in the aircraft immediately went to rehabilitation," he said. "We want to get on the ground even before the smoke clears."
But it's not as simple as just replanting. Invasive species, like cheatgrass and medusa head, move in after fires, and can choke out native plants. Scientists and seed producers are working on identifying just the right native seeds for the specific location, elevation and climate to plant in each location, and when the ideal window is for the native plants to grow instead of giving way to the invaders. "We've oftentimes had shortages of certain types of seed," Ellis said. "You really have a window to get that seed in the ground."
The new strategy is aimed at coordinating a nationwide network of native seed collectors, farmers and growers, nurseries, seed storage facilities and restoration ecologists. Officials gathered at a giant BLM seed storage warehouse in Boise on Monday to announce the strategy; the warehouse has nearly 800,000 pounds of precisely targeted native seed stacked to the ceiling in huge bags, ready to send out to specific fire locations. You can read my full story here at spokesman.com.
Tribes, state netting pike in Lake Roosevelt near Kettle River
FISHING — Indian tribes and the state have moved ahead with gillnet surveys to get a handle on how well-established invasive northern pike have become in the upper reaches of Lake Roosevelt and the Columbia River.
The research stems from a spike in catches of non-native pike by sport fishermen this year.
Among the bad news the research has turned up so far in the Kettle River area:
- At least three year-classes of northern pike have been found, which means they could be finding places to spawn and take hold.
- Here's a video update by KING 5 TV.
Bowhunting for northern pike illegal in Washington
UPDATED 5:50 p.m.
FISHING — Warning: It's illegal to take northern pike with bow and arrow in Washington and Idaho.
In a post yesterday about northern pike suppression planned for Lake Roosevelt, I reported that a few bowhunters were targeting northern pike where the predators are showing up in notable numbers and sizes near Kettle Falls.
That's true, but I should have said that it's illegal, as Marc Divens, WDFW warmwater fisheries biologist pointed out by email.
While Washington fish managers don't want northern pike in the Columbia system — and there's no minimum size limit and no daily limit on them — pike are still not totally open to annihilation in Washington.
It's pretty much illegal to use bow and arrow for anything other than CARP in Washington.
Page 12 of the 2015 Washington Sport Fishing Rules pamphlet says:
You May Not …fish for Game Fish, salmon, shad,
sturgeon or shellfish with bow and arrow or spear.
However, a devil can always be lurking in the details. Reading the fine print of the regs specific to Lake Roosevelt (page 93), it's unlawful to fish for CARP with bow and arrow in Lake Roosevelt.
Northern pike were recently reclassified from "Game Fish" to "Prohibited Species" status in Washington by the Fish and Wildlife Commission after pike numbers increased in the Pend Orielle, Divens said.
"Basically, this was a decision at the policy level to indicate that Washington State was not interested in welcoming northern pike into the state, mostly due to concerns with the possibility of moving downstream into the Columbia River where they could pose a threat to salmon and steelhead recovery efforts."
The WDFW Webpage for northern pike says:
In April 2011, public meetings were conducted by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) and the Kalispel Tribe Natural Resources Department (KNRD) to solicit feedback on the findings to that point and the plan going forward. Also, as a result of the numbers of Northern Pike captured, plus their spawning and predatory habits, the WDFW Commission voted to reclassify Northern Pike as a Prohibited Species in Washington.
Under this designation:
- anglers may harvest pike under WDFW sport fishing rules, with no minimum size and no daily or possession limit;
- pike must be killed before leaving the water in which they are caught;
- the release of live Northern Pike into other waters is strictly prohibited.
"We want people to catch them, kill them and not move them around," Divens said.
Newman Lake boat access closing for weed control
BOATING — The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife public access site at Newman Lake will be closed June 3-5 to allow treatment of the lake with herbicide to control Eurasian milfoil and other aquatic invasive weeds.
The Newman Lake Flood Control Zone District, under permit from the Washington Department of Ecology, has hired Aqua Technex to treat milfoil infestations on about 80 acres throughout the 1,200-acre lake with 2-4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, dimethylamine salt).
A swimming restriction will be in force during treatment and for 24 hours after treatment. Boating and swimming will be discouraged the day of treatment and for two days after. Signs with that information will be posted. The boating restriction is needed because wave action reduces the herbicide's effectiveness.
Karen Kruger, Spokane County Water Resources Technician, says last summer's aquatic weed treatment at Newman Lake went well, thanks in part to volunteer efforts to help keep boaters out of the herbicide application area.
Aquatic herbicide application permits authorized by Ecology include requirements and restrictions to protect fish and wildlife.
WDFW lands manager Brian Trickel said the gates to the area will be closed early on Tuesday, June 3, and re-opened early on Friday, June 6.
Newman Lake is about 20 miles northeast of Spokane, about two miles west of the Idaho border, and is open year-round for fishing.
Learn to distinguish Eurasian collared-dove from mourning dove
WILDLIFE WATCHING — The Eurasian collared-dove is an exotic species that's unprotected in Washington and Idaho and can be shot by licensed hunters year-round where hunting/shooting is allowed. They're delicious, too.
- See today's outdoors column on this imported and not necessarily welcome species.
- See an eBird chart that graphically shows the spread of ECD sightings across North America in two-year intervals.
But it's important to be able to distinguish the collared-dove from the similar mourning dove, which can be hunted only during designated September seasons.
Eurasian collared-doves are larger than mourning doves and slightly lighter in color. Aside from the diagnostic black collar on the backs of their necks, they also have a squared tail as opposed to the pointed tails on mourning doves.
See more diagnostic features and listen to recordings that distinguish their different calls at the following Websites:
Idaho checks first quagga-mussel infested boat of season
BOATING — Mandatory watercraft inspection stations have barely opened for the season in Idaho, and they already have reported finding the year's first boat fouled with quagga mussels, a potentially devastating invasive species.
The boat was checked at the Cotterell Port of Entry station on Interstate 84 near Burley.
The program aims to inspect boats that are entering the region from mussel-infested states. The boat intercepted at the Cotterell inspection station recently spent time in Lake Powell in the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. Lake Powell, operated by the National Park Service, recently was identified as infested with quagga and zebra mussels.
The National Park Service still does not require decontamination of watercraft leaving its facilities with mussel infestations, even though it means possible introduction of these invasive species to the clean waters of the Pacific Northwest. This also indicates that potentially infested boats are being transported outside of the traditional boating season, which is a concern for Pacific Northwest states.
Since Idaho initiated its watercraft inspection program in 2009, nearly 200,000 boats have been inspected. About 100 mussel-fouled boats have been intercepted and decontaminated before they launched into Pacific Northwest waters, the Idaho Department of Agriculture reports.
"Idaho's watercraft inspection program underscores the importance of preventing these mussels from becoming established in Idaho's waters," Agriculture Director Celia Gould said. "All of Idaho's waterbodies have tested negative for these species, but they have been found in waters of other western states, and are causing severe economic and environmental harm in other regions of the country. We continue to work with our regional partners to prevent these fouled boats from launching in Pacific Northwest waters.
"Catching mussel-fouled boats so early in the season is a real wake up call. The more the public is educated about these invaders, the more enthusiastic and vigilant they are in joining efforts to keep them out of the Pacific Northwest."
Idaho law requires all boaters must stop at the stations, such as the one on Interstate 90 near Fourth of July Pass.
Watercraft inspectors are looking for high-risk boats that have been in quagga- and zebra-mussel impacted waters such as Lake Powell, Lake Mead, Lake Havasu and Lake Pleasant.
If you have launched in a mussel-infested waterbody in the last 30 days, you must have an inspection before you launch in Idaho. For a complete list of infested waters, a five-year summary of inspection efforts, and a list of Idaho inspection stations, see: www.invasivespecies.idaho.gov
- To schedule a free inspection, call (877) 336-8676 .
Read on for recommendations for boaters:
Noxious weeds workshop March 22 at Usk
HABITAT — Weed control on private lands is important to everyone with an interest in wildlife and wild lands.
Property owners can find out how to manage weeds and sign up for neighborhood cost-share assistance on Saturday, March 22, at a workshop offered by WSU Pend Oreille County Extension and the Pend Oreille County Weed Board.
This annual event, the Weeds, Neighbors and Cinnamon Rolls Workshop, will be held at Camas Center for Community Wellness, 1821 N. LeClerc Rd, Usk, WA from 8:30 am-2:30 pm. Thanks to sponsorship by Kalispel Tribe Department of Natural Resources, Centaurea, Inc, and Wilber-Ellis Company there is no admission charge, but participants are asked to pre-register by phoning 447-2401 or emailing email@example.com to reserve handouts, lunch, and their share of locally-produced refreshments.
Speakers for the workshop include Jon Paul Driver of WSU Western Risk Management Education on composting and weed management; Joel Fields of Wilber Ellis Company on pasture and hay weeds; Matt Berger with Kalispel Department of Natural Resources on herbicide resistance and new aquatic weeds; Aaron Brown of Washington State Department of Agriculture on pesticide licensing: and Sharon Sorby, Jan Rice and Loretta Nichols, Pend Oreille County Weed Board staff on tools and strategies for noxious weed management.
Class participants will receive their 2014 Neighborhood Cost Share application early. Four recertification credits are available for both Washington and Idaho pesticide applicator license holders.
Invasive mussels knocking on Idaho's door, official says
INVASIVE SPECIES — Having the invasive quagga mussels booming in Utah's Lake Powell is like having a deadly contagious disease at a major national airport with folks coming and going in all directions — including Idaho, a federal biologist says.
He's trying to get the word out before boaters flood out of Idaho to Utah for spring break.
Here's the story from Rob Thornberry of the Idaho Falls Post Register:
With Utah finding more quagga mussels in Lake Powell, the likelihood they will find their way to Idaho is increasing, said Lee Mabey, a forest fisheries biologist with the Caribou-Targhee National Forest.
Having the mussels in Lake Powell is like having a deadly contagious disease at a major national airport with folks coming and going in all directions, including Idaho, Mabey said. The rate of spread of the mussels could be very rapid now that Lake Powell is infected.
Mabey is trying to raise awareness of the problem before people travel south for spring break.
Data from the Idaho Department of Agriculture's five years of boat inspections indicates Lake Powell is the most frequently visited mussel-fouled water body by Idaho boaters. Many of these vessels have been out of the water less than 30 days at the time they are inspected, posing a significant risk of transporting larval or adult mussels to the Gem State.
In 2013, Idaho inspected 568 boats that had recently come from Mead, Powell, Mohave, Havasu or Pleasant lakes. All those waters have mussels.
Idaho does not, and officials are keen on keeping it that way.
If quagga or zebra mussels take hold in Idaho, the state's lake fisheries will be forever changed and the irrigation and hydropower industry could face millions of dollars in added expenses. Undoubtedly these expenses will be passed on to the consumer, Mabey said.
Quagga mussels are prolific breeders and attach themselves to hard and soft surfaces. Once in a lake, they filter plankton from the water, robbing fish of food.
"If we get these mussels in our lakes, it is going to turn the ecology upside down," Mabey said. "Our fish populations would crash. It is simple biology — a lake only supports so much biomass. You can have plankton and fish or you can have plankton and mussels."
Mabey encourages all anglers and boaters to take the threat seriously and learn about proper precautions to keep the marauders out of Idaho.
- Click here for more information on steps boaters can take to prevent spread of invasive mussels.
"We need everybody to take part in prevention," he said. "We can't rely on just inspection stations. We need to have a change in mentality of all users. Just like anglers have adopted catch-and-release regulation, we need boaters and all water users to adopt clean, drain and dry after each excursion."
Jordan Nielson, a Madison High School graduate, is the aquatic invasive species coordinator for the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. He said government agencies are doing well to slow the spread of mussels, but those efforts will be wasted if boaters don't change their habits.
"We need a paradigm shift," he said. "The state agency can only do so much. People have to realize they have a responsibility when they go boating to make sure they aren't moving things around. It is essential."
Otter offers mussel-encrusted license plate to Interior secretary
At the recent Western Governors Association meeting in Las Vegas, Idaho Gov. Butch Otter brandished a license plate that had been soaked for a year in Lake Mead and was encrusted with invasive quagga mussels, asking Interior Secretary Sally Jewell when the Obama Administration would get inspection and contamination stations up and running at the infested lake to help halt the spread of the invasive species. BSU political science professor Justin Vaughn was in the audience, and reported that Jewell made it clear she's aware of the issue and said she'd look into it; his full report in the Blue Review is online here. Vaughn reported that Otter offered Jewell the mussel-encrusted license plate to take back to Washington, D.C., but she declined – it's illegal to transport invasive species.
Idaho Rep. Eric Anderson, R-Priest Lake, soaked 500 of the license plates in the infested lake for displays to help make the point about the threat from the mussels, which haven't yet invaded Idaho. "We'll lose so much if these get into our region," he said, adding that he was "thrilled" to see the issue take center stage so dramatically at the WGA conference.
Preventing invasive mussels worth cost, study says
INVASIVE SPECIES — An Independent Economic Advisory Board update released last week indicates that the money spent – an estimated $5 million per year from a variety of sources — in attempts to ward off an invasion of non-native zebra and quagga mussels into the Columbia River basin is money well spent.
However, the report acknowledges there's still a probability the damaging species will eventually get into the Columbia and Snake River systems and raise havoc for irrigators, municipalities and hydropower managers, not to mention boaters and anglers.
See the story from the Columbia Basin Bulletin.
Colorado pike fishing issue similar to Pend Oreille River
FISHING — This story took me back to the Pend Oreille River about 10 years ago…
Northern pike have made their way into the Upper Colorado River
Utah has already put a $20 bounty on northern pike, the toothy adversary of a healthy trout population, and with a confirmed catch of the invasive predator—and, unfortunately, its live release into the Colorado River at Pumphouse Recreation Area, Colorado should consider a similar program to rid the waters of pike—which have no place in the Colorado River.
A column by Scott Willoughby, Denver Post; Aug. 7
Pull together: volunteers needed to check weeds at Mount Spokane
STATE PARKS — A group of volunteers from various local groups — more are needed! — are meeting Wednesday in an effort to curb the spread of knapweed in Mount Spokane State Park.
To join the group, wear good boots and meet at 10 a.m. at the hairpin turn parking lot inside the park at the Mount Kit Carson Loop Road trailhead.
- RSVP to email@example.com
- Info: Jeanie, (509) 467-8149.
Bags will be provided but bring gloves and whatever else you need to be comfortable working outdoors in the sun (water, hat, sun glasses, snacks/lunch, sun screen etc). A small spade or old screwdriver might also help.
The group plans to work for a couple hours, break for lunch and then perhaps hike the park trails in the afternoon.
Read on for details about spotted knapweed from from the Spokane County Weed Board:
Preventing spread of invasive species: Take it personally
ENVIRONMENT — Anglers wading in rock snot or hikers walking through fields of spotted knapweed should be easy converts to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's new campaign to raising awareness of invasive species.
Native plant and wildlife species suffer the most from invasions of exotics.
If everyone chips in, the costly battle against a long list of invasives could be more effective.
USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has summarized the campaign in "Seven Simple Steps" to leave invasive pests – non-native insects, other animals, plants and diseases that feed on America's crops, trees and plants – behind.
The national "watch list" has been expanded to include 15 of the most damaging "Hungry Pests" that can cause havoc with our native flora and fauna.
Invasive bug turns up in Ada, Kootenai counties, threatens turf, gardens, trees, crops
A new invasive insect has turned up in Ada and Kootenai counties, prompting warnings from the state Department of Agriculture. The Japanese beetle, a half-inch-long, shiny metallic-green bug with copper-brown wing covers, destroys trees, rose bushes, stone fruits, garden and field crops, and its larvae or grubs destroy turf by feeding on the roots of grass. If you seen green and yellow traps, that's what they're for; Ag is also asking anyone who finds one of the bugs to place the dead specimen in a baggie and mail it in - there's more info here. The beetle first was introduced to the United States in plants imported from Japan.
Idaho, Oregon, Washington urge residents to 'squeal' on invasive feral pigs
Idaho, Oregon and Washington have jointly launched a "Squeal on Pigs" campaign to combat the latest invasive species - feral swine - that's turned up in all three states. Originating in Europe and Asia and imported for domestic use, the wild pigs, also known as the Russian boar, can grow to several hundred pounds and cause extensive damage to crops, wildlife and habitat; the three states' invasive species councils want folks to be on the lookout for the swine in the wild and report them if seen.
It's not just their destructive rooting and grubbing. Feral swine, defined as any pig that is not confined within a fenced property, often carry diseases that may be transmitted to livestock or humans; they prey on lambs, calves, fawns, upland birds and other wildlife; and they're remarkably fertile, producing a couple of litters of four to eight piglets a year and traveling long distances to invade new watersheds. Oregon has the most of the three states right now - 3,000 to 5,000 - and the Northwest states don't want to end up like heavily infested Texas, which sees more than $50 million a year in damage from feral swine.
"We don't know who brought 'em in or how they came," said Amy Ferriter, Idaho's invasive species council coordinator. "That's really why we're trying to get the word out. If people see these things in the wild, they should report them to us." The "Squeal on Pigs" campaign includes a toll-free hotline number to call: (888) 268-9219. The campaign's full slogan is: "Squeal on Pigs! Protect our Water and Land from Feral Pigs." You can read my full story here at spokesman.com.
Asian clams suck, and they're in Lake Pend Oreille
INVASIVE SPECIES — A dive team to assess an outbreak of invasive asian clams in the Hope area of Lake Pend Oreille is being organized for Monday by the Idaho Department of Agriculture and Bonner County.
The clams were detected recently during the pre-runoff lake drawdown.
- Meanwhile, Idaho boat inspection stations already have intercepted 11 boats bringing invasive species into the state.
This is serious business. Somebody let down their guard and brought these clams into the lake, probably by not cleaning their boat after using it outside the area.
The clams multiply fast, suck in algae and excrete high-nutrient pellets that can foul water and turn those famous clear-water bays green.
Apparently we need to crank up the penalties to thousands of dollars and JAIL TIME to get the message out.
Idaho Department of Agriculture's boat inspection stations, open since March 1, already have caught 11 boats entering Idaho carrying invasive mussels into Idaho.
The department has set up 15 inspection stations across the state as a line of defense against the invasion of zebra or quagga mussels.
If you think it's an inconvenience, you're not educated on the subject.
Northwest states eye Lake Mead as source of invasive woes
INVASIVE SPECIES — Washington, Idaho and Oregon are among the Northwest states and provinces involved in lobbying the federal government to assure that a $1 million appropriation line item in the Department of Interior's 2012 budget is spent to help cut off the spread of invasive quagga mussels from a main source – the Lake Mead National Recreation Area.
Other states and groups involved in the campaign include the Northwest Power and Conservation Council, Colorado River Fish and Wildlife Council and Pacific Northwest Economic Region, according to a Columbia Basin Bulletin report.
Last year several boats infested with invasive species from Lake Mead were intercepted by Northwest states at highway check stations. The Northwest region's water-related infrastructure such as hydro projects and irrigation systems is at risk, as well as recreation and aquatic environments.
No quagga mussels in Idaho, Washington yet; plenty of close calls…
Tens of thousands of boat inspections later, Idaho and Washington have come through another boating season without getting invasive quagga or zebra mussels established in either state's waters - but there were plenty of close calls. Idaho intercepted 24 mussel-contaminated boats entering the state, and Washington decontaminated 20. While most were coming from the heavily infested Great Lakes region, nearly half were Northwest-bound from federal waters in Arizona and Nevada - and that has officials in both states concerned.
"Mussel-fouled boats continue to leave infested waters without proper decontamination," Idaho Department of Agriculture Celia Gould said. "The federal government needs to do a better job of containing infestations in their waters and preventing the spread of these species to the Pacific Northwest states."
Allen Pleus, aquatic invasive species coordinator for the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, said the good news is this: "To our knowledge, there are no established or known detections of zebra or quagga mussels in any Columbia River Basin locations, including British Columbia, Montana, Idaho, Oregon and Washington. So we're the last great water basin without these species in the United States." You can read my full story here from Sunday's Spokesman-Review.
Idaho's invasive species sticker not transferrable from boat to boat
BOATING — Idaho's $7 invasive species sticker, which is required on all boats and inflatables longer than 10 feet, cannot be transferred from one vessel to another, Idaho Parks and Recreation officials say.
A story in the Sunday Outdoors section (Aug. 7) suggested otherwise, noting that some boaters were laminating the stickers for more practical attachment such as a cord or zip tie, especially in the case of their rafts.
"Vendors that offer convenient solutions to affixing them to inflatable rafts with rope rigging are doing just that – providing a convenient solution to affixing them to a designated vessel," said Jennifer Blazek, department spokeswoman in Boise.
But she advised, "The rules are still the rules. The sticker is non-transferrable." Here's the Idaho Code to prove it.
She acknowledged that nothing on the sticker says it can't be transferred, but said it's stated in the rules.
Beyond that, she said the fee is for a good cause dear to the hearts of all boaters.
"Contributions to the Idaho Invasive Species Fund are put to service protecting our coveted waters from invasive species that can devastate a recreational hotspot in a year or less," she said. "It's an important program that should be taken seriously."
Eating our way out of invasive species infestations
EXOTIC SPECIES — Care for a nutria burger? Or maybe a dab of didymo "rock snot" on your ice cream?
With a boost from creative marketing, the bloated American appetite could help control exotics while conserving imperiled native species.
An invasive species called lionfish is devastating reef fish populations along the Florida coast and into the Caribbean. According to a New York TImes report, an increasing number of environmentalists, consumer groups and scientists are seriously testing a novel solution to control it and other aquatic invasive species — one that would also takes pressure off depleted ocean fish stocks: they want Americans to step up to their plates and start eating invasive critters in large numbers.
The United States Fish and Wildlife Service is now exploring models suggesting that commercial harvest of Asian carp in the Mississippi would most likely help control populations there, "as part of an integrated pest management program," spokeswoman Valerie Fellows told The Times.
When they find tastey recipes for spotted knapweed, cheatgrass, rush skeletonweed, milfoil and zebra mussels, we'll be on the road to recovery.
Boaters must stop at Washington's 'pop-up' invasive species check stations
BOATING — Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) check stations will be set up this weekend in several locations in Eastern Washington, the state Fish and Wildlife Department announced this afternoon.
These are mandatory stops for anyone on the road with watercraft of any kind.
Officers will be looking for zebra and Quagga mussels and other plant and animal invasive species that can be extremely hazardous, both to native fish and wildlife and to water systems, if introduced to Washington waters.
The Check Stations will run from 8 a.m. through at least 3 p.m., and will be highly visible with signs, as follows:
- Saturday, on Highway 2 just north of Spokane (near Chattaroy transfer station).
- Saturday, on Lake Roosevelt, at National Park Service boat launch sites, including Kettle Falls.
- Sunday, on Snake River boat launch sites, including Clarkston.
For more info on AIS, see the Fish and Wildlife Department's webpage at http://wdfw.wa.gov/ais/.
Boaters must stop at Idaho's summer-season invasive species check stations
BOATING — North Idaho has five invasive species boat inspection sites open through Sept. 9 to check boats for zebra and Quagga mussels that could infest the state's waters.
The state Agriculture Department's Invasive Species Program is operating the sites 7 a.m.-7 p.m. as follows:
- Cedars, on westbound Interstate 90 at Fourth of July Pass.
- Huetter Rest Stop, on westbound I-90 between Post Falls and Coeur d'Alene.
- Garwood, moved this year to Highway 53 (Trent) near the state line.
- Old Town on Highway 2 east of Newport.
- Samuels on Highway 95 north of Sandpoint.
Boaters asked to lead effort on zebra mussels
BOATING — Idaho has set up 15 roadside invasive species boat inspection stations, including five in the Panhandle. The goal is to prevent the state-by-state spread of exotic zebra and quagga mussels.
People transporting a watercraft near boat inspection stations are required to stop.
When going to any different water, remember to Clean, Drain, and Dry your boat.
For more info on boat inspections nationwide, click above to check out the just-released video from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Biologists explains zebra mussel threat
INVASIVE SPECIES — Mike Wilkinson, the Washington Fish and Wildlife Department's aquatic invasive species biologist, will give a free program focusing on the threat of zebra mussels invading the region's waters on Tuesday, 7 p.m., at the Inland Northwest Wildlife Council office, 6116 N. Market St.
Boat carrying zebra mussels intercepted at Washington border
INVASIVE SPECIES — Washington officials found invasive zebra mussels on a boat coming into Washington Saturday at the stateline port of entry near the Idaho border.
Both Idaho and Washington are ramping up their surveillance for these invasives with horrible consequences to our waterways.
Read on for more about this particular case as well as about Idaho's mandatory boat check stations.
Feral pigs invading Oregon; Washington wary
INVASIVE SPECIES — Washington state is keeping a close eye on the feral pig populations in Oregon, where the fish and wildlife department has ordered farmers to determine the size of the destructive pig populations on their land and get rid of them.
An Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife official says the feral pig populations are likely moving north from groups in California, where they are hunted as game.
The Capital Press reports a group of between 50 and 100 feral pigs in southwestern Idaho was culled to 20 through surveillance and tracking in the area, and Oregon hopes to duplicate that success.
States in the Midwest and Southeast suffer from massive feral pig populations that wreak havoc on valuable crop land.
Oregon officials hope to eradicate them before that happens.
Mussel-infested boats stopped at Idaho checkpoint
WATERWAYS — Two boats infested with invasive mussels were intercepted at a North Idaho checkpoint, state officials said Monday.
Idaho Department of Agriculture said in a press release the boats were stopped at a station on Interstate 90 near Wallace on Thursday. The Coeur d'Alene Press reports one of the boats was headed to Lake Coeur d'Alene in Idaho, while the other was destined for Gig Harbor in western Washington.
The mussels have many western states taking preventative steps because they can destroy food chains, threaten waterways and fisheries. So far, Idaho waters are free of the invasive species, but two years ago the state Legislature passed laws requiring that all boats be tested.
Post Falls Mayor Clay Larkin says last week's incident underscores the threat that invasive mussels pose to Idaho.
Video: flying carp could get old, fast
INVASIVE SPECIES — You've probably heard about the dangerous investations of "flying" silver carp in the Midwest. Trust me: we don't want them.
Check out this video and consider whether it would be any fun to take a kid fishing and boating in Indiana's Wabash River.
'Rush Week' targets Panhandle's newest aquatic invader
INVASIVE SPECIES – Sandpoint-area residents are organizing this week to pounce on an new unwanted aquatic invader to Lake Pend Oreille.
A public work party to stop the spread of flowering rush will begin Saturday, 1 p.m., at Sandpoint City Beach.
Like other aquatic invasive plants, flowering rush crowds out native vegetation and interferes with swimming and navigation. Yet, in some places, it's sold as a decorative plant.
According to the Bonner County Aquatic Invasive Species Task Force, the infestation is still at a manageable level, but the group is devoting the week to coordinating with school groups to tackle flowering rush infestations in Boyer slough, Denton Slough, Clark Fork Delta and Dover.
Read on for details.
Idaho opens more mandatory boat inspection stations
BOATING — Mandatory watercraft inspection stations targeting invasive species have opened at three sites in the Idaho Panhandle, with two more to open in May.
And don't forget Idaho's invasive species sticker requirement for most vessles. The sticker comes with Idaho boat registrations, but a separate sticker must be purchased if your boat is registered out of state or if you have an unregistered non-motorized craft. All non-motorized boats over 10 feet long, including inflatables, are required to have a sticker.
Idaho's boat inspection sites will check vessels for standing water and signs of quagga and zebra mussels. Inspectors will ask boaters where their craft has been in the previous 30 days. All boats should be clean, drained and dry when they arrive in Idaho.
Inspection stations the state Agriculture Department has opened so far are:
- Cedars, on westbound Interstate 90 at Fourth of July Pass.
- Huetter Rest Stop, on westbound I-90 between Post Falls and Coeur d'Alene, operating Friday, Saturday and Sunday until May 15 when it will begin opening daily.
Garwood, moved this year to Highway 53 (Trent) near the state line, open on same schedule as Huetter station.
These stations will be open 7 a.m.-7 p.m. through Sept. 9.
Stations at Old Town on Highway 2 east of Newport and Samuels on Highway 95 north of Sandpoint, are set to open on May 15.
The inspections are an effort to keep invasive mussels out of Idaho's waters.
Zebra and quagga mussels are prolific breeders, attaching themselves to hard surfaces where they clog intake pipes and foul freshwater ecosystems. The mussels have infested the Great Lakes. In recent years, they've been found in parts of Nevada, Utah, California, Arizona and Colorado.