text: jerry dyer Fresno Police To Expand Body Camera Program By Joe Moore • May 21, 2015 Joe Moore / Valley Public Radio The Fresno Police Department is moving forward with a plan to purchase 300 new body cameras for officers. The city council approved the $2.5 million purchase today which also includes 400 TASER devices. The cameras are in addition to 100 purchased earlier this year after the city received an anonymous $500,000 donation. Some Young Fresnans Remain Skeptical Of Police Outreach By Jeffrey Hess • May 5, 2015 Jeffrey Hess / Valley Public Radio In Fresno tonight, police officers and teenagers will meet to look for ways to build trust and bridging the gap between them. The violent protests in Baltimore have thrust the issue dramatically back into the spotlight. Outreach to young people in Fresno is being pitched as essential to improving relations between police and the people they are supposed to protect. Standing in a dark room, on a platform surrounded by eight-foot tall projection screens is a skinny 15-year old named Raymond Rojas. Fresno's Not Ferguson: Why Are Police Shootings and Complaints Down? By Jeffrey Hess • Apr 20, 2015 After years of community complaints about the Fresno Police Department, the numbers of complaints and officer-involved shootings are trending down. It has been roughly six months since there was an officer involved shooting in the city. Both police and community activists say a shift in the national mood about law enforcement is driving the change but question whether the change will last. Fresno Police used to average one officer involved shooting every month and log dozens of complaints of excessive force and racial profiling among other concerns. Indicted Deputy Chief Foster Appears In Court By Jeffrey Hess • Mar 27, 2015 Indicted Fresno deputy Police chief Keith Foster is being released on his own recognizance prior to his trial on drug-related charges. Foster was one of six people who appeared in federal court today on accusation of distributing heroine, Oxycodone, and marijuana. The cities top three leaders all say that they were unaware of Foster's alleged illegal activity but that they are sure that it does not extend further into the department. Ashley Swearengin is Mayor of Fresno. Fresno Deputy Police Chief Arrested For Dealing Drugs By VPR News Staff • Mar 26, 2015 Fresno Police Department One of Fresno's highest ranking law enforcement officers was arrested Thursday on drug charges. Fresno Deputy Police Chief Keith Foster is charged with conspiracy to distribute heroin, marijuana and oxycodone. Five other Fresno residents were also charged in the case, including two men the FBI believes are related to Foster. Foster has been placed on administrative leave by the department. The arrests are part of an on-going, year-long investigation by the FBI and ATF. Fresno Mayor Ashley Swearengin says the arrest is totally unexpected... Fresno City Council Hears Call For "ShotSpotter" System, Says Yes By Jeffrey Hess • Mar 26, 2015 Joe Moore / Valley Public Radio The Fresno City Council has approved a request by Police Chief Jerry Dyer for funding to install gunshot detecting microphones in a three square mile section of the city. The system, called ShotSpotter, uses the microphones to triangulate the location of gunshots so police can respond. Company CEO Ralph Clark says the system greatly improves a department's ability to respond to gunshots. Dyer Hopes New Panel Will Build Trust With Local Youth By Joe Moore • Mar 12, 2015 Joe Moore / Valley Public Radio A local police department is hoping community outreach can help prevent distrust of law enforcement in the wake of violence in Ferguson, Missouri. FM89's Joe Moore reports. Fresno Police Chief Jerry Dyer says he wants to improve communication and trust between his officers and young people. That's why he announced a plan Wednesday to create a new youth advisory panel for the department. Dyer: "We never want to be viewed as an occupying force, we want to be viewed as a department that cares about the people we're serving." On Valley Edition: Fresno Police Chief Jerry Dyer; Fresno Grand Opera By Juanita Stevenson • Sep 13, 2011 This week on Valley Edition, we feature an in-depth interview with newly un-retired Fresno Police Chief Jerry Dyer. We talk talk about the Fresno Grand Opera's upcoming season.


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NEW YORK -- John Catsimatides, chairman and chief executive officer, Gristede's here, late last month launched a newspaper advertising campaign to pressure New York state to collect sales tax on purchases of tobacco and fuel products at American Indian-owned convenience stores. United Refining, which along with Gristede's is a subsidiary of the Red Apple Group here, supplies fuel to nearly 400 Country Fair/Red Apple C-stores in New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio. Catsimatides, who is chairman ...
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NHL Eastern Conference RSS
John Tavares, who began his senior lacrosse career with the 1990 Vancouver Burrards, finally retires from the game Wednesday
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Canucks Game Day: Bieksa, Weber, Richardson and Higgins expected back to face Maple Leafs
Toronto Maple Leafs (27-36-4) at Vancouver Canucks (38-25-4) Rogers Arena, Saturday, March 14, 4 p.m. PDT TV: CBC; Radio: TSN 1040 Here are five things we're thinking prior to the Maple Leafs' visit. 1. The Canucks are as healthy as … Continue reading


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This Wednesday at 6pm Warrington Wolves are coming down to the club.
Woolston Rovers are holding their Annual Sportspersons Dinner on Friday 16th October 2015 at Monks Sports Club, 7.00pm for 7.30pm.
There is a Race Night on Saturday 3rd October 2015 at Monks Sports Club, commencing at 7pm.
Woolston 'A' entertain Crosfields 'A' in The Stuart Middleton Foundation Warrington Alliance Cup Semi-Final this coming Wednesday night (5th August).


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|18. Febr. 2003
|12. Nov. 1998
|12. Nov. 1998
|Auch veröffentlicht unter
|Roy Harold Mauger
|Ursprünglich Bevollmächtigter
|Nortel Networks Limited
|Zitat exportieren
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patentzitate (6), Nichtpatentzitate (6), Referenziert von (96), Klassifizierungen (9), Juristische Ereignisse (12)
|Externe Links: USPTO, USPTO-Zuordnung, Espacenet
This invention relates to systems and methods for providing and managing Internet protocol (IP) connection oriented services.
The Internet Protocol was initially defined for connectionless services. In a typical IP network, traffic is carried in packets which are individually routed at the system nodes. The services currently provided in such networks normally operate on a best effort basis, i.e. the network will always attempt to route a packet to its destination, but cannot guarantee delivery e.g. under overload conditions There is now a keen interest in the provision of voice services over the Internet where costs are significantly less than those associated with the conventional PSTN. However, the adaptation of what is effectively a high priority connection oriented service to a 'best effort' connectionless or packet system has introduced a number of significant problems. In particular, if an Internet voice service is to obtain universal acceptance, it must provide a quality of service similar to that currently provided by conventional voice networks.
A number of workers are currently addressing this problem. For example, the current Internet Ipv4 protocol includes a TOS octet and Ipv6 a traffic class octet which allows a number of priority levels to be defined to support some degree of traffic engineering in an IP network.
The IETF Differentiated Services Working Group has recently defined a method whereby traffic is classified at a priority level and is policed on entry to an IP network. Traffic behaviour on internal links (per hop behaviour) is specified. It is expected that using these methods then service level agreements can be offered to users provided that the number of internal hops is low and also provided that the percentage of high priority traffic is a small percentage of the total traffic.
Other IETF Working Groups have defined protocols providing some degree of connection orientation. These are:
Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) includes the ability to tunnel through many routing stages and to do so using explicit routing rather than hop-by-hop routing. This is a form of connection orientation.
Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol (LTP) provides a signalling system to dynamically create and delete IP point to point protocol (PPP) sessions end to end across a tunnel. These sessions are allocated bandwidth, are timed for billing purposes, and are explicitly deleted on completion. This is a fully connection oriented paradigm.
Connection orientation is of particular value in the provision of carrier network services to individual users or to user networks. In particular it simplifies the tasks of:
Guaranteeing bandwidth.
Ensuring Quality of service.
Authenticating end user identities.
Preventing fraudulent access or misuse of resources.
Existing Layer 2 networks such as Frame Relay or ATM are able to provide an effective control framework to provide bandwidth accounting. However their control protocols are not sufficiently integrated into the Layer 3 IP network functionality to ensure that QoS characteristics of user services are maintained. This has limited the exploitation of this characteristic and has thus failed to resolve the provision of QoS in the Internet.
An object of the invention is to minimise or to overcome the above disadvantage.
A further object of the invention is to provide an improved arrangement and method for providing connection oriented services in a connectionless network.
According to the invention there is provided a method of carrying connection oriented services over a connectionless network, the method comprising establishing engineering tunnels in the connectionless network establishing user tunnels within the engineering tunnels, and transporting said connection oriented services via said user tunnels.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided A connectionless network arrangement for switching connection oriented services, the arrangement comprising means for establishing engineering tunnels in the connectionless network, means for establishing user tunnels within the engineering tunnels, and means for transporting said connection oriented services via said user tunnels.
Advantageously, management of the connection oriented services is performed by the transmission of signalling information via the engineering tunnels.
In a further aspect the invention provides a network node router for switching connection oriented services and non-connection oriented services over a connectionless packet network comprising a plurality of nodes and provided with tunnels within which tunnels the connection oriented services are carried, the router comprising an inner switch core arranged to handle packet traffic that is routed from node to node and not contained within a said tunnel and incorporating a set of ingress functions coupled to respective ingress ports, and a set of egress functions coupled to respective egress ports, and wherein the router further incorporates means for identifying traffic contained within a said tunnel so as to permit that traffic to pass directly through the node.
In yet another aspect, the invention provides a method of packet switching at a network node connection oriented services and non-connection oriented services over a connectionless packet network provided with tunnels within which the connection oriented services are carried, the method comprising determining at said network node whether a packet received at said node is or is not contained within a said tunnel, determining for each said packet not contained within a tunnel an adjacent node to which to route that packet, and permitting packets determined to be contained within a said tunnel to pass through the node within that tunnel.
The invention further comprises a connection control architecture to provide a range of connection oriented services in Internet Protocol networks. The architecture, which applies recursively at multiple levels, can be used to establish engineering tunnels in the physical network and user tunnels within these engineering tunnels.
The invention further relates to an architecture for the systematic provision of connection oriented services with managed bandwidth, guaranteed Quality of Service and user authentication. In the prior art such capabilities are provided by a separate network such as Frame Relay or ATM, such networks operate at Layer 2 leaving the Internet work to operate at Layer 3. In this invention a single network operates at Layer 2 or Layer 3 interchangeably according to the function required.
In a preferred embodiment, the network comprises a hierarchy of sub-networks. Within each sub-network, each node has a first database of topology information relating to that sub-network, and a second database of summary information relating to other sub-networks. One node in each sub-network is defined as a peer group leader for that sub-network, and distributes the summary information to the other nodes of that sub-network
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1, illustrates the MPLS mechanisms for tunnelling and explicit routing;
FIG. 2 illustrates the MPLS label processing functions performed in routing a packet through an example connection oriented tunnel of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 illustrates the establishment of an IP (PPP) session in an L2TP tunnel;
FIG. 3a illustrates a messaging protocol used in the setting up of the PPP session of FIG. 3;
FIG. 4 illustrates a hardware fabric employed in a preferred embodiment of the invention and which is arranged to operate as a Layer 3 MPLS Router, a Layer 2 MPLS tunnel switch and a Layer 2 IP (PPP) session switch;
FIG. 5 illustrates in schematic a general connection oriented IP network according to a preferred embodiment of invention;
FIGS. 5a to 5 c illustrate a number of methods for the connection or set up of an IP (PPP) session across the network of FIG. 5;
FIGS. 6 and 6a together illustrates the way in which topology information is communicated and summarised within the network of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 shows a functional architecture of a node providing connection oriented services according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8, and its associated flow chart of FIG. 8a, illustrates the establishment of an MPLS user tunnel having bandwidth guarantees;
FIG. 9, and its associated flow chart of FIG. 9a, illustrates the establishment of an end-to-end IP (PPP) session having bandwidth guarantees and enabling the end-to-end operation of standard IP authentication and encryption protocols.
Reference will first be made to FIGS. 1 to 3 a which are introduced for comparative and explanatory purposes, and for the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, which is introduced for explanatory and comparative purposes, this shows a prior art MPLS network. The network comprises a number of MPLS edge routers 11 and MPLS switching nodes 12. Such a network allows tunnels to be defined and used for explicit end to end routing of packets. Packet traffic contained within a tunnel passing through a switching node is effectively ignored by that node as far as routing is concerned. The tunnels can be defined at several layers, and tunnels of one layer can be carried within tunnels of other layers. For the purpose of illustration, engineering tunnels 13 a, 13 b etc. are defined for an engineering layer which is used to divide up capacity in the physical network, and user tunnels 14, which utilise capacity of the engineering tunnels, are defined in order to provide end user services. An engineering tunnel may of course accommodate a number of user tunnels, and a user tunnel will, in general, pass through more than one engineering tunnel. As shown in FIG. 1, the user tunnel 14 is contained in the engineering tunnels 13 a and 13 b. A typical end user service would be a guaranteed bandwidth service between two VPN user nodes.
In the network of FIG. 1, an engineering tunnel is a permanent or semi-permanent entity that is set up across a number of network nodes, but which does not in general provide a complete end to end route across the network. A user tunnel is a temporary entity that is set up within an appropriate number of engineering tunnels to provide end to end connectivity for the duration of a network transaction, and which is torn down when that transaction has been completed. The purpose of a tunnel is to facilitate routing of packets. A packet within a tunnel can pass through a node without that node needing to have any knowledge of the destination of that packet, nor even of the next node at which the packet will arrive, as the packet can remain within the tunnel until emerging at its final destination. The only information required by the node is the identity of the tunnel via which the packet is transported. It will be understood that an IP network incorporating the tunnel concept may carry both tunnelled packet traffic and conventional packet traffic that is routed at each system node through which it passes.
The multi protocol label switching (MPLS) operation of the network of FIG. 1 is depicted in FIG. 2 which illustrates the typical packet format P1-P6 at each of the stages in the routing of an IP packet payload end to end across the network of FIG. 1. A typical MPLS packet comprises the original IP packet together with a stack of labels which are used by the MPLS nodes 12 through which the packet passes to control the onward routing of the packet. At each node, the current packet label is used to determine the onward routing of the packet, i.e. the tunnel to which the packet is allocated. The labels are typically each of 4 bytes length comprising a 20 bit label value, a 3 bit class of service field, used to maintain QoS differentiation, a 1 bit "bottom of stack" indicator and an 8 bit "time to live" field, which is used to detect packet forwarding loops.
The packet formats P1-P6 are selected in order to achieve explicit forwarding of the packet over a user tunnel which is itself contained within first and second engineering tunnels in order to reach the destination edge router. MPLS is designed such that it is possible, at each node, to forward the packet based on the label at the top of the stack.
As shown in FIG. 2, the packet format P1 has labels L-d, L-u1, and L-ex. The label L-d is significant to the destination edge router 11 b and is a label exchanged by the label distribution protocol over the user tunnel. L-u1 is the first label of a series used for the user tunnel and is exchanged over the first engineering tunnel 13 a. L-ex is a label for the engineering tunnel 13 a.
The packet format P2 is used by the first node 12 to determine that this is the penultimate node for the first engineering tunnel 13 a. This leads to a "pop" of the stack so that the labels L-d and L-u1 are forwarded to the next node. It will be understood that the term "popping" of a label stack refers to the removal of the label currently at the head of the stack, and that the term "pushing" of a label refers to the addition of a label to the stack.
The label L-u1 of the packet format P3 is used to forward the packet and is translated to the label L-u2 for the next hop.
The label L-u2 of the packet format P4 is used for forwarding. It is determined that this is the penultimate hop from the perspective of the user tunnel so label L-u2 is popped. It is also determined that the second engineering tunnel 13 b is used, L-ey being a label for the engineering tunnel 13 b. The packet is therefore forwarded with the labels L-d and L-ey.
At the penultimate node of the second engineering tunnel 13 b, the label L-ey of the packet format P5 is popped so the packet arrives at the destination edge router 11 b with the label L-d only.
At the destination edge router 11 b, the original IP packet (format P6) is forwarded to the final destination on the Lan.
A further example of tunnelling prior art, illustrated for explanatory and comparative purposes in FIGS. 3 and 3a, is the layer 2 tunnelling Protocol (L2TP). L2TP is used for dial-up services where the point of network service is different from the point at which the original dialup call is made. An example is Internet service provider (ISP) roaming whereby the dialup is terminated at the nearest ISP but the network service is provided by the original or home ISP. L2TP provides a connection signalling mechanism so that point to point protocol (PPP) sessions can be dynamically multiplexed within the tunnel. PPP payload packets have a short header prepended thereto so that the original PPP packets can be identified and forwarded as appropriate.
FIG. 3 further illustrates a new call from a user terminal 30 arriving at a L2TP access concentrator (LAC) 31 from a dial-up modem connection set up via a PSTN 32. The associated messaging is illustrated in FIG. 3a. It is determined that the call is destined for a remote L2TP network server (LNS) 33 coupled to IP network 35. A user tunnel 34 is thus established across the IP network between the concentrator 31 and the remote server 33. An exchange of messages within the L2TP tunnel 34 leads to an allocation of a call ID within the tunnel 34 which can be used to identify packets in both directions related to this call.
Having described the prior art network operation in order to facilitate a fuller understanding of the invention, preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to FIGS. 4 to 9 of the accompanying drawings.
Referring first to FIG. 4, this depicts the inner core and the surrounding circuitry of a router or switch according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the switch incorporates an inner core 40 comprising a set of ingress functions 45 coupled to respective ingress ports 47, and a set of egress functions 46 coupled to respective egress ports 48. Any ingress function can route a received packet to any egress function. The ingress and egress ports coupled to the respective ingress and egress functions handle packet traffic that is routed from node to node, i.e. not contained within a tunnel. Tunnel based traffic is received e.g. from tunnel T41 which either terminates at or passes through the node. The tunnel T41 may be an engineering tunnel accommodating a number of user tunnels.
The lower half of FIG. 4 shows a decomposition of the ingress and egress functions. A Tunnel Status store provides an identification of whether the tunnel type is MPLS or L2TP and also the maintenance status of the tunnel. This is used by the L2TP/Label Header Discriminator to access the header information and to execute any required Push/Pop operation. The header information is used to access the Call Id Translation & segregation function in order to identify the required egress function and to modify the L2TP headers for onward transmission. The packet is then forwarded on a link to the required egress function. In the typical switch fabrics e.g. ATM, the packet will have been segmented for transport purposes, in this case the packet is reassembled in the egress function for egress control purposes, the header of the packet as modified by the ingress function provides all the control information required for egress. The Tunnel Status store discriminates between MPLS and L2TP operation. The header can be further processed by additional push/pop operations or by Tunnel id/Call id translations. The packet is then passed to the scheduler for transmission, this includes a Weighted Fair Queuing function in order to maintain a fair discard operation in the event of overload.
In the arrangement of FIG. 4, IP packets that are received at the switch from tunnel T41 are output into tunnel T42. If the IP packets are already in MPLS format then they are directly forwarded to the inner core 41 of the switch. For IP packets which are in their normal format, an additional function, not shown, is required to process the IP address and establish an MPLS label according to the forwarding equivalence class, i.e. the set of IP addresses which share a common MPLS label. The provision of such a function will be understood by those skilled in the art. A switch on a single card is typically made up, as illustrated in FIG. 4, from four VLSI components, each of which provides 622 MB/s of switching capacity. Each VLSI component comprises an ingress function 45 and an egress function 46. The ingress function 45 processes the initial MPLS label. For normal MPLS packets, a treatment indicator determines whether to PUSH/POP the label stack and/or translate the label. Where the initial MPLS label indicates that an L2TP tunnel is contained within the label, then a second pass is performed interpreting the second header as an L2TP header with its own treatment indicator. The initial ingress function 45 selects an egress port 48 for forwarding. The packet is segmented by the ingress port 44 and forwarded typically as 64 byte segments to the egress port. The egress port reassembles the packet and has an additional treatment indicator, which it uses to prepend the final headers and labels before forwarding the packet on to the next switching node.
The switch architecture of FIG. 4 embodies a connection control architecture which provides a range of connection oriented services in Internet Protocol networks. This architecture, which applies recursively at multiple levels, can be used to establish engineering tunnels in the physical network and user tunnels within these engineering tunnels. The architecture can also be used to establish PPP Sessions within a succession of L2TP tunnels. The L2TP tunnels can be mapped onto MPLS tunnels, and the MPLS tunnels can hide details of the IP network topology from the L2TP layer network. An exemplary relationship between L2TP tunnels and MPLS tunnels is illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 5 c. In prior art systems, the L2TP tunnel is specified as a point to point relationship. I have found however, that it is particularly advantageous to establish a PPP session with a first call ID 1 on one L2TP tunnel and another PPP session with a second call ID 2 on another L2TP tunnel. This has the advantage that translating from call ID 1 to call ID 2 and forwarding the whole PPP session is very similar to the label translation function required of MPLS and can be implemented on the same hardware. As illustrated in FIG. 5 and in FIGS. 5a to 5 c, it is possible to perform PPP session switching at each node in the IP Layer 2 network. However, if this leads to more switching stages than are required, then it is possible to bypass layer 2 nodes using MPLS tunnels. The PPP session is the basic method of providing a secure IP relationship between two users as PPP provides a toolkit of authentication and encryption capabilities. PPP is used in emerging xDSL systems as the means of achieving secure IP services. A PPP session switching layer network is therefore a flexible means of providing a secure IP session network service.
A number of mechanisms for providing and managing end-to-end connectivity in the arrangement of FIG. 5 are illustrated in FIG. 5a to 5 c. FIG. 5a shows a workstation configured for L2TP operation connected over an Ethernet to an MPLS edge router. Communicating over three stages of IP Layer 2 switches configured as L2TP Tunnel switches to a further instance of an MPLS edge router connected by an Ethernet to a workstation configured for L2TP operation. A PPP session on one workstation is connected to a PPP session in the other workstation via the three tunnel switches. Each of the labels identifies an L2TP tunnel endpoint at which L2TP tunnel processing takes place. At each stage of switching the PPP session is identified by an Ingress Tunnel id/Call id—Egress Tunnel id/Call id tuple. This is stored in the IP Layer 2 switch and is used to reconstruct the L2TP headers of the packets relating to this PPP session as they pass from switch to switch along the connection in accordance with the switch operation described above. In FIG. 5b one stage of L2TP Tunnel switching has been eliminated and an engineering tunnel is used to transit an MPLS configured Layer 2 switch as described above. Similarly in FIG. 5c the engineering tunnel is extended over two stages of MPLS switching.
Some principles of the control architecture of the arrangement of FIG. 4 are illustrated in FIG. 6 and in the associated image network diagram of FIG. 6a. In the arrangement of FIG. 6, IP layer 2 switch nodes 61 each exchange topology state packets (TSP) with their neighbours. This allows each node 61 to establish a topology database of its own neighbourhood. The topology state packets are sent on a regular basis and contain for example information on available bandwidth. In a large network the amount of topology information may grow to the point where it becomes difficult or impossible to communicate this information to all nodes in a network. In the present arrangement, this problem is overcome by defining a hierarchy of sub-networks within the network. Within a sub-network each node maintains a full database of all topology information relating to the sub-network. For more distant nodes the sub-network is summarised as a logical group node as illustrated in FIG. 6a. Within a sub-network the nodes elect a peer group leader which is responsible for summarising the information and distributing it to other peer group leader nodes which then distribute the information within their sub-networks. Each node is thus able to formulate a view of the path that will be used on an end to end basis in order to reach a desired destination without requiring a detailed knowledge of remote parts of the network. This view of the end to end path is constructed as a designated transit list, which for the home sub-network is formulated as a list of real nodes, but for more distant sub-networks as a list of logical group nodes. As each sub-network is entered, the logical group node identity is expanded to a list of real nodes to be transited. This form of routing and connection control has been used in the prior art to control ATM networks. (ATM Forum: Private Network Node Interface (PNNI)).
The functional architecture of a node of the arrangement of FIG. 6 for connection oriented services is illustrated schematically in FIG. 7. In FIG. 7, the topology signalling is based on the PNNI (Private Network-Network Interface) topology state packets, and the user signalling and network signalling are based on the L2TP signalling illustrated in FIG. 2.
The establishment of an MPLS user tunnel in the arrangement of FIG. 6 is illustrated in FIG. 8 and in the associated flow chart of FIG. 8a. The two figures show the way in which a connection is made across the network configuration of FIG. 6. The host node 81 of user-A is switch node S1 which determines from its topology database that the user-B to whom a connection is to be established can be reached via switch node S2 and logical group node N2. The switch node S1 therefore forwards the tunnel connection request with a designated transit list of S2, N2. Switch node S2 has an engineering tunnel established directly to the host switch 83 of user-B. Assuming that this engineering tunnel has available capacity, then it is selected and the connection to the destination is established via a user tunnel set up within the engineering tunnel. At each switch node along the user tunnel path, a connection admission control (CAC) function is performed to determine how to route the connection or indeed whether the connection can be accepted. If the user tunnels are treated as differentiated services aggregates, then they will be policed for conformance with their respective service level agreement (SLA) at the entry to the network. The use of the connection admission control function at each node further guarantees that the service level agreement will be maintained across the entire network. The action of making the connection is to set the treatment indicators in the packet forwarding fabric such that the label processing functions behave as illustrated in FIG. 2.
The establishment of an end to end PPP Session is illustrated in FIG. 9 and in the associated flow chart of FIG. 9a, and corresponds to the mechanism of FIG. 5b. In this case it is assumed that a session manager requests the PPP session. This could be as a result of some action by one of the users; e.g. one user could have requested to purchase an item from a server on the World Wide Web which led to the request for a secure IP session to the sales office. The signalling in this case is at two levels, that related to the session request which is passed between call processing functions embedded in the switches, and that related to the PPP call which is passed in band to the L2TP control entities in each node. The layer 2 protocol (L2TP) entities create a PPP call in each L2TP tunnel and the call processing function primes the call ID translation in each node which allows the packet forwarding fabric to modify the L2TP header before forwarding it on the next L2TP tunnel.
It will be understood that the above description of a preferred embodiment is given by way of example only and that various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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|Internationale Klassifikation
|Europäische Klassifikation
|12. Nov. 1998
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Currys, Newry
- Name:
- Currys
- Address:
- Unit 2 Armagh Road Retail Park
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- E-mail:
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Currys is an electrical retailer in the UK and Ireland having over 290 superstores and over 70 high street stores. They sell household appliances and electronics like: computer accessories, freezers, men's shavers, refrigerators, home cinema systems and much more. Visit your local store in Newry, at the following address: Currys, Unit 2, Armargh Retail Park, BT35 6PR.
Keywords:Home Appliances, Pc Accessories, Kitchen Appliances, Small Appliances, Household Clearance, Electrical Retailers, Computing Goods
Productswashing machines, ipods, dishwashers, televisions, fridges, fridge freezers, laptops, cookers, computers, sat nav, dvd players, blu ray , home cinema, mobile broadband, mobile phones, cameras, digital cameras, playstation 3, xbox, Nintendo wii, gps, ovens, microwaves, tumble dryers, washer dryers, gas cookers, coffee makers, vacuum cleaners, irons, hair dryers, tvs, projectors, netbooks, pc monitors, printers, data storage, networking, mobile phones, home phones, fax machines, radios, pc gaming
ServicesHousehold Appliances Repairs, Laptop Repairs, Home Appliances Installation, Home Entertainment Installation
BrandsSamsung, Lenovo, HP, Sony, Acer, Advent, emachines, Toshiba, Zanussi, Hoover, Bosch
FacilitiesFree Delivery, Order & Collect, Free recycleing
Available payment methods
The company Currys is listed in the following categories:
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17.93 miUnit 3 Rushmere Retail Park
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- Currys
24.66 miUnit 2, Hillsborough Road Retail Park
BT27 5UQ Lisburn
- Currys Forestside Belfast
31.37 miDrumkeen Retail Park
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- Currys
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text: Pizza Guy Urinates on Customer Door by Free Britney at November 7, 2012 6:50 am. Comments A pizza delivery guy urinates on a customer's door after not getting a tip. Classy. This video is no longer available. Please check below for related videos. Edit Delete Follow News? Facebook Disqus Tag: News Related Videos: News Videos Related Post: Pizza Guy Urinates on Door After Getting Stiffed on Tip Uploaded by: Free Britney Uploaded: November 07, 2012 Duration: 101 seconds


text: The Leonard Lopate Show Edit this Published in The Leonard Lopate Show Punches and Nogs Listen 1 h 15 min Queue Download this audio Want to embed this player? Use the code below. More info. <iframe frameborder="0" scrolling="no" height="130" width="100%" src="https://www.wnyc.org/widgets/ondemand_player/wnyc/#file=/audio/json/57469/&share=1"></iframe> Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Email a Friend 2 segments hide show 2008 Bloopers 37 min Holiday Punch Bowl 37 min A tasty punch or a rich eggnog can be the life of a party. A mixologist and cocktail historian gives tips on how to make the most delicious and festive holiday drinks, just in time for New Years! Plus: comedian Lizz Winstead makes light of the high and low moments of 2008.


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Judge: Glenn Doneghy case closed
Updated: 09/16/2011 - A Fayette County judge denied a motion to interview jurors from a murder trial saying the case is over.
Updated: 09/16/2011 - A Fayette County judge denied a motion to interview jurors from a murder trial saying the case is over.
Updated: 09/16/2011 - South Limestone in Lexington will be closed between 6 p.m. and 11 p.m. tonight for the pep rally.
Updated: 09/15/2011 - The city of Lexington has unveiled a new website about the plans for Rupp Arena and the downtown area.
Posted: 09/15/2011 - A newly renovated section of Limestone Street will be shutdown on Friday night for a UK football pep rally.
Posted: 09/15/2011 - What started out as a helpful gesture ended with a robbery in Lexington on Thursday.
Updated: 09/15/2011 - The Chase Bank on Leestown Road in Lexington was robbed around 2:30 Thursday afternoon.
Updated: 09/15/2011 - Officials with the U.S. Postal Service said Thursday they may close more than 250 mail processing facilities across the country.
Posted: 09/15/2011 - Friends of Coal, a branch of the Kentucky Coal Association, will be visible to fans attending this weekend's University of Louisville-University of Kentucky football game in Lexington.
Updated: 09/15/2011 - A woman had to be rushed to the hospital following a shooting.
Posted: 09/15/2011 - According to Bloomberg and the Wall Street Journal, an announcement is expected Thursday on the possible closing of some mail processing centers around the country.
Updated: 09/14/2011 - Air conditioners across Lexington are being stripped of copper, but so are the lights along the interstate.
Updated: 09/14/2011 - God's Pantry had its busiest month ever this year.
Updated: 09/14/2011 - Lexington firefighters were called to Harry Gordon Steel on Patterson Street Wednesday morning.
Posted: 09/13/2011 - In February, Lexington Police say three people were injured in a shooting on South Limestone.
Updated: 09/13/2011 - A grand opening ceremony was held Tuesday morning for the new building at Cardinal Hill Rehabilitation Hospital in Lexington.
Posted: 09/13/2011 - Saturday September 17th, 2011 Girl Scouts is hosting a free FamilyFun-a-Thon for the entire Bluegrass region!
Posted: 09/12/2011 - Lexington author Neil Chethik has been selected as the next executive director of the Carnegie Center for Literacy & Learning, Eileen O'Brien, chairwoman of the Center's board, announced Wednesday, August 10.
Updated: 09/12/2011 - The world's largest thoroughbred auction began Sunday at Keeneland.
Updated: 09/12/2011 - Two-year-old Addy McReynolds died back in May after being run over by a mower that police say her father was driving.
Updated: 09/11/2011 - Captain Jason Wells went to New York in November 2001 to help with the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks.
Updated: 09/11/2011 - Kentuckians paused today to remember those killed on 9-11. Cities and counties across the state held events marking the tenth anniversary of the attacks.
Updated: 09/10/2011 - It's a crime that's become all too common. Another church has fallen victim to air conditioning thieves. The crooks stole four units from Springdale Baptist Church on Higbee Mill Road in Lexington. The only thing left after the crime was a few mangled parts.
Posted: 09/09/2011 - This weekend marks the tenth anniversary of the 9/11 attacks. A special event held Friday at the University of Kentucky honored the lives of the thousands of victims.
Posted: 09/09/2011 - A ground breaking ceremony was held on Friday for a new distillery that is coming to Lexington.
Updated: 09/09/2011 - Lexington Police say the man was hit just after 1 Friday afternoon near the intersection of Southland Drive and Eastway Drive. The victim has been identified as 63-year-old Tony Burton Litten, of Richmond.


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Women In Wine Awards
29 September 2015
Australian Women in Wine Awards – A great initiative championing women in the wine business.
read more...
SAWIA advocates for changes to employment relations laws
28 September 2015
The South Australian Wine Industry Association has continued to advocate for comprehensive reforms in a detailed submission to Productivity Commission's Draft Report on the inquiry into the national workplace relations system. The submission prepared by...
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Indonesia trade / investment mission
17 September 2015
Indonesia Australia Business Week (IABW) 2015 The Hon Mr Andrew Robb AO MP, Minister for Trade and Investment, is expected to lead an Australian Government trade and investment mission to Indonesia from 17-20 November 2015.
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WET Rebate submission
11 September 2015
Through its membership SAWIA is taking a keen interest in the wine equalisation tax rebate following release of the Federal Government's discussion paper. SAWIA has consulted its members and following consideration of the member feedback has made a...
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Tackling Wine Sector Downturn
4 September 2015
Wine Industry agrees on tackling wine sector downturn
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Innovation Grants Program Guidelines & Application
3 September 2015
Innovation grants for waste and resource reduction - Grants of up to 50% of eligible project costs to a maximum of $100,000 are available in 2015-16.
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Invitation to briefing sessions - Functional and Luxury Food Project
2 September 2015
SAWIA has been involved in aspects of this PIRSA project to identify the value for wine. You might be asking what are functional foods or luxury foods and what does it have to do with wine.
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Wine Equalisation Tax Rebate
31 August 2015
Have your say! Discussion Paper - Wine Equalisation Tax Rebate
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SAWIA advocacy results in greater access to skilled regional migration
11 August 2015
Annually, the South Australian Department of State Development (DSD) undertakes detailed labour force analysis to determine the occupations in which skills shortages could benefit from migration. The advocacy by the South Australian Wine Industry...
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2015 Bushfire Workshops
10 August 2015
Last summer bushfires in South Australia had a significant impact on grape producing areas.
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Wine industry IR issues not to be overlooked
10 August 2015
Productivity Commission hearings into workplace relations reform and a second round of submissions will give the Australian wine industry more opportunities to highlight IR issues. The commission has released a draft report which flags some modest...
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Productivity Commission Draft Report Issued
4 August 2015
The Productivity Commission (PC) has issued its draft report in relation to their inquiry into the national workplace relations system. The 1000 page report contains 45 recommendations as well a number of requests for stakeholders to provide additional...
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June 2015 Annual Appraisal Survey Prize Winner
6 July 2015
South Australian Wine Industry Association annual appraisal survey is completed and we would like to advise the winner of SAWIA course voucher
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SAWIA has further concerns on electricity network charges
3 July 2015
SAWIA pleased as Power Networks' Regulatory Proposal hammered by the regulator
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Wine Sector Briefing invitation
23 June 2015
SA Government 13 July invitation - India Wine Project
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Cellar Door Sales Subsidy Proposal
19 June 2015
SA Cellar Door Sales Subsidy - Government consultation on an alternate proposition The Government of South Australia through Primary Industries and Regions SA (PIRSA) earlier this month discussed with the SAWIA Executive Committee a 'proposition'...
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SAWIA submission on WFA's Entwine 'refresh'
9 June 2015
SAWIA supports WFA's Entwine 'refresh'
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Modern Awards Review Update
25 May 2015
As you may be aware the Fair Work Commission (FWC) is presently reviewing all Modern Awards as part of the 4-yearly review of Modern Awards (the Review).
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Media release: National workplace relations laws need to change
21 May 2015
A submission from the wine industry to the Productivity Commission's national workplace relations review has highlighted the need for comprehensive reforms to the federal workplace relations laws. The detailed submission prepared by the South...
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Launch of Careers in Wine Website
13 May 2015
Announcing the launch of SAWIA's careers in wine website .
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Wine Industry Leaders Meeting
11 May 2015
A small group of national and state industry leaders have been working on the concept and details of a leaders' meeting since late 2014.
read more...
Temporary Work Visas in the Wine Industry
6 May 2015
SAWIA's submission to the Senate Education and Employment Committee Inquiry
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SAWIA submission on Australia's greenhouse gas emissions target
24 April 2015
SAWIA recognises that effective reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change must be a globally coordinated effort, and our submission argued that Australia's reduction target should be consistent with those of its major trading...
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Government State Tax System Review submission
24 April 2015
SAWIA members had a number of concerns about the State Taxation review. In particular, the lack of consideration about the tax burden facing business and the issues surrounding compliance disappointed many of the SAWIA member survey respondents.
read more...
SA Time Zone changes
24 April 2015
Time Zone views communicated to State Government
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Senate Committee to inquire into Australian grape and wine industry
17 April 2015
A Federal Parliamentary Senate inquiry into the Australian Grape and Wine Industry is being undertaken
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Reduce red tape in relation to superannuation
16 April 2015
SAWIA's submission to Federal Treasury's draft superannuation legislation
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Provide greater access to skilled regional migration
15 April 2015
SAWIA's submission to the Department of State Development's review of occupations for skilled migration to South Australia
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Liquor Licensing Reform - Entertainment
14 April 2015
SAWIA has been asked to comment on a proposed Draft Bill to reform the Liquor Licensing Act 1997 in relation to the provision of entertainment on licensed premises.
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National Workplace Relations laws need to change
27 March 2015
SAWIA submission to the National Workplace Relations Inquiry
read more...
Export Partnership Program
25 March 2015
To further boost its accessibility and grow South Australian exports, the Gateway Business Program has been redesigned and will now be known as the Export Partnership Program
read more...
Modern Awards Review Update
23 March 2015
Penalty rates are a major concern for the industry.
read more...
Community Panel says the South East Drains should be funded by government - SAWIA agrees
19 March 2015
Community Panel says the South East Drains should be funded by government - SAWIA agrees
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Penalty rates, hidden compliance costs to come out in national review
26 February 2015
Have your say in the national survey.
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Productivity and enterprise bargaining
23 January 2015
SAWIA submission to the Senate Education and Employment Legislation Committee's Inquiry into the Fair Work Amendment (Bargaining Processes) Bill 2014
read more...
Valuable China Market Resources
2 December 2014
A wealth of valuable new information to help drive South Australian exports of wine to China is now available.
read more...
SAWIA welcomes China free trade deal
2 December 2014
Tariffs on Australian wine exports to China will be reduced to zero
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2014 / 2015 Wine courses
2 December 2014
Your chance to try Australia's finest world famous wines through to rare and exciting new releases.
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India Premium Food and Wine Project
27 November 2014
Invitation to sector briefing - SA Government
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SAWIA recognises its members for environmental achievements
19 September 2014
The finalists in the "excellence in waste avoidance" category....and the finalists in the "excellence in waste recycling" category....
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Environment Conference
30 July 2014
Registrations now open for Wine Industry Environment Conference
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Register now for AWIEC 2014
30 June 2014
SMART BUSINESS - Water / Energy / Adaptation
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23 June 2014
An opportunity for South Australian wine companies with added value for SAWIA members!
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We need your input – Have your say!
29 May 2014
SAWIA needs your suggestions about future activities for market development (domestic and international).
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Langton's Classifications
8 May 2014
South Australian Wines feature prominently in ALL categories
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Restaurant Australia - Rally Cry
17 April 2014
Rally Cry for Australia's best wine and food experiences. South Australia can lead the way and be seen by millions.
read more...
3 April 2014
The South Australia's Industry Leaders Fund (ILF) has announced its fifth call for grant applications, with grants of up to $50,000 available.
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China Investment Opportunities
19 March 2014
Any member wishing to provide an expression of interest for this opportunity, must contact SAWIA by close of business 4 April 2014.
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Award Review 2014
3 March 2014
Potential Changes to the Wine Industry Award 2010?
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Liquor Licensing - Management Plan
28 February 2014
Changes to the General Code of Practice which will commence operation on and from 1 March 2014.
read more...
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text: Nov 22, 2012 08:14 Advocate staff photo by BILL FEIGLSU wide receiver Jarvis Landry can't hold onto a pass in the end zone after being hit by Ole Miss linebacker Joel Kight during the first half of Saturday's game at Tiger Stadium. On three first-half trips into the Ole Miss red zone, LSU had two field goals and an interception. LSU survives despite missing chances to score more points Advocate story Comments Get The Advocate in your inbox Subscribe


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Editors' Note: The "Download Now" link directs you to the iTunes App Store, where you must continue the download process. You must have iTunes installed in order to open the link, and you must have an active iTunes account to download the application. This download may not be available in some countries.
Jim Adler, The Texas Hammer
Quick Specs
Total Downloads:1
Date Added:Mar. 19, 2011
Price:Free; iTunes account required.
File Size:2.85MB
Downloads Last Week:1
From The Search Engine Guys: The Jim Adler App provides you with helpful resources and easy access to emergency tools that can help get you to safety in the event of an accident.Switch the primary language of this app from English to Spanish with the push of a button. Developed completely with Spanish-Only speaking users in mind. App Features:- Complete App in English AND Spanish- Emergency Accident Center- One Touch Access to call the Police or to locate the nearest Emergency Center- Easy Access to call a Taxi Cab for the times you may need a safe ride home- Free Case Evaluation Form- Instructions on what to do After An Accident- Accident Form to report when you have been involved in an accident- *Ability Capture photos at the scene of the incident and submit in the Accident Form- **Audio Recording from the device to capture sound right at the scene of the incident to send with your form- Quick Case Evaluation Form- Plenty of helpful resources that will keep you well-informed on different types of injuries and accidents- Contact and Location Information to a law firm that specializes in personal injury casesWhen you need to explore an injury accident lawsuit for a catastrophic injury or other injury, find a Texas personal injury lawyer such as a Houston, Dallas or San Antonio car accident attorney, auto accident lawyer, wrongful death lawyer, mesothelioma attorney, burn injury lawyer, Accutane bowel disease lawyer, Paxil birth defects lawyer, brain injury attorney or 18 wheeler, semi truck, tractor trailer, diesel truck or big rig accident lawyer. And find them at Jim S. Adler & Associates. You may have grounds for an Accutane lawsuit, a DePuy or Zimmer hip or knee implant lawsuit, a Paxil lawsuit or another personal injury lawsuit involving defective drugs Sotret, Claravis or Amnesteem, depending on your needs. Let Jim Adler review your case by submitting our free case evaluation form.Jim "the Hammer" Adler is managing partner and founder of Jim S. Adler & Associates, a law firm of Texas personal injury attorneys and accident lawyers committed to helping aggrieved and injured people since 1973.*Requires an iOS device that has a Camera built-in**Audio Recording requires a device with a microphone, or a headset with a built-in microphone
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Results per page:
Sacramento in California
sacramento Driver Services
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Search Results - 37 found
California DMV Locations, Hours & Phone Numbers | DMV.orgCalifornia DMV Locations & hours - Find California DMV office phone numbers, locations, hours, & appointments.
California Title Transfers - DMV Titling & Registration Information Online | DMV.orgCalifornia procedure for transferring a vehicles title when buying, selling, inheriting or donating a car.
Disability License Plates & Placards in California | DMV.orginformation about California disability license plates & parking placards, including eligibility requirements & how to apply.
California Drivers License Renewal Guide | DMV.orgInformation on renewing your California drivers license - Steps required for renewing your California drivers license.
California Boat Registration Instructions | DMV.orgInformation regarding California boat registration, operating licenses, boating safety courses & insurance.
California DMV Driving Records | DMV.orgLearn how to obtain your driving record or the driving records of another driver in California. Online ordering available in some areas.
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California Car Insurance - Quotes, Coverage & Requirements | DMV.orgCalifornia car insurance can be difficult to understand. Learn more about California auto insurance requirements & options.
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I have a site that uses the Attachments plugin and adds files to a post no problem - however how do I remove an attachment.
I think a developer has used the plugin which works fine, but he didn't put a delete option in the back end - but just need to know how I can delete - I can add and change the sort order by dragging them in position - all I can think to do for a quick fix is hide them in CSS.
Here is a grab of the interface in the dashboard
Any thoughts


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November 14, 2014 7:52 am
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Teen Vogue, a magazine for teenage girls, wants Aug. 11 to be a national day for back-to-school shopping. Young shoppers will be offered sales, freebies and mall events, according to The New York Times.
The hurricane missed the region, but heavy rain is still expected.


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Best Under $500 3 Best Navigation GPS Devices


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Stephan Verdier answers your questions
Updated: May 24, 2012, 1:33 PM ETBy ESPN Action Sports
Global RallyCross driver Stephan Verdier rolled through ESPN to promote the new season that starts Saturday at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Charlotte, N.C., and he answered your questions in a live chat Monday at SportsNation.
Verdier, who finished fourth overall Global RallyCross in 2011, is a veteran rally driver and a former downhill and speed skier. Besides rally driving at summer X Games, Verdier also has competed in Skier X at Winter X Games 2002. For the 2012 Global RallyCross ...
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Heartwarming: Tatsunoko vs. Capcom
- The second half of Roll's ending in the original Cross Generation Of Heroes version of the game, which shows Huitzil from Darkstalkers and Vector from Star Gladiator displaying a newfound affinity and friendliness towards a bunch of children after being reprogrammed by Roll earlier ago. Simply touching! Too bad this part (Along with the other FMV endings) didn't make it to the Ultimate All Stars version, which was released in America.
- In both of Viewtiful Joe's endings, he's happy after defeating the Big Bad Yami, akin to many Toku heroes after defeating the Big Bad. But suddenly, he is pulled out by a vortex. He's shown surprised, facing infront of a window of a hobby shop with figures of Tatsunoko heroes. The animated ending is then shown, complete with a rather sad tune, showing Joe crying. As turned out, he was daydreaming. If you know about Joe's admiration of the Tokusatsu heroes, and his dream being to fight along them, it surely counts. Just look at his winning quotes after defeating the Tatsunoko heroes. That was a dream came true for him, until he returns to the real world. In addition, the Cross Generation of Heroes version has Silvia showing up and offering a parasol to Joe.
- Yatterman-1's UAS ending mixes this with a bit of CMoF, since it has Ai-chan (Yatterman-2) about to fall due to the shattering of Yami's stage, while all the Capcom & Tatsunoko heroes were running towards Yatterwan. Then, Gan rescues Ai, and they start to show their love to each other. Yatterwan runs (over the remaining heroes) to see that scene.
- In Zero's UAS ending, Zero sees a vision of Dr Wily, who apparently had some sort of Heel-Face Turn after his death. A faint outline of the former madman could be seen giving Zero a heartwarming smile as he calls Zero his son. Although he talks about an "unfinished task" which he might be talking about Zero killing X. However, he is smiling, but not in an evil way, so he does indeed consider Zero his "son".
- In Frank West's ending, he takes a picture of himself with some of the other fighters, bringing it back to his dimension with him, and mentioning that it'll be a part of his book... once he gets done with the whole "zombie apocalypse" thing.


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3 Comments
Realtime comments disabled
MichaelEWhite 1973 days ago
Curious how you got this shot since you appear to be moving in the same direction? Did you pull away from a stop together?
WIBadger911 1973 days ago
Hate to pay his grocery bill.
triblogcarol 1973 days ago
i think he needs a bike fit


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2 posts tagged with computing by kliuless.
Displaying 1 through 2 of 2.
use value vs. exchange value
Roger Penrose is looking more credible
Quantum processes involved in photosynthesis? "[A]lgae and bacteria may have been performing quantum calculations at life-friendly temperatures for billions of years. The evidence comes from a study of how energy travels across the light-harvesting molecules involved in photosynthesis. The work has culminated this week in the extraordinary announcement that these molecules in a marine alga may exploit quantum processes at room temperature to transfer energy without loss. Physicists had previously ruled out quantum processes, arguing that they could not persist for long enough at such temperatures to achieve anything useful." (via mr)
Page: 1


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The Kentucky Office for the Blind will hold a public hearing from 3-5 p.m. Feb. 25, at the Kentucky Office for the Blind, 8020 Veterans Memorial Drive, Florence, to give individuals an opportunity to comment on annual revisions to the state ...
Office for the Blind sets public hearing
9:26 AM, Feb. 4, 2013
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HN-BRET122 Brentwood Appliance
Brentwood 4 Cup Coffee Maker WhiteItem # HN-BRET122
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Spark: A Burning Man Story: Film Review
The Bottom LineDoc mostly glosses over controversy in its feel-good history.
Friday, August 16 (Paladin Distribution)
Steve Brown, Jessie Deeter
The long-lived Burning Man phenomenon gets its second doc portrait.
Burning Man, the weeklong annual event in which tens of thousands of people head to the Nevada desert to express themselves and/or get naked, is surely a phenomenon that has grown culturally significant enough (and has always been sufficiently colorful) to justify theatrical doc treatment. Steve Brown and Jessie Deeter's Spark: A Burning Man Story isn't the first film offering to take homebound viewers to Black Rock City -- Olivier Bonin's Dust & Illusions made the fest circuit a couple of years ago -- and it is unlikely to be the one that stands as the definitive document. The too-admiring film, despite some good photography of the event, isn't nearly probing enough to feel like much more than a board-approved origin story. The event's recognition factor may sell some tickets, but theatrical bookings should be short-lived.
Though its reputation is of an anything-goes Neverland, over two-plus decades the event has become a regulated affair out of necessity. Fifty full-time staffers and thousands of volunteers are required, and the film gives us just enough of a peek inside their offices to see how un-hippie-dippie that planning can be. They don't, however, leave us with much understanding of the bureaucratic evolution of what began as a beach party, grew into an event whose tickets could cost over $400 (price is never mentioned here), and is now "transitioning into a nonprofit" after some reportedly bitter disagreements among its founders over the nature of the enterprise. Brown and Deeter are more interested in the feel-good part of the story and provide an evocative if sketchy account of Burning Man's roots in things like San Francisco's Cacophony Society, which specialized in funny-dress pranks that had their own origins in Dada and Situationism.
They also intend to convey what the event has come to mean for the 55,000-plus attendees who haven't been there since the beginning. Focusing on three, they show how much time, work and money -- not to mention self-transformational ambition -- goes into even a modestly scaled Burning Man project. Though the three are diverse personalities, you may feel that they're such a tiny sliver of the overall community that time would have been better spent either on more historical detail or with an on-the-ground assembly of interviews involving as many random attendees as possible.
Attractive photography captures the costumes, blinking lights, heavily modified vehicles and oddball art installations that fill the vast playa in the days leading to the signature bonfire. But the spectacle is accompanied by some lifeless pop songs that make happy anarchy feel bland. The scenes document some creativity but do little to win over any viewer inclined to see Burning Man as the refuge of privileged, mostly white people who want a more artsy version of Spring Break before heading back to their jobs in corporate America.
Production Company: Spark Pictures
Directors-Producers: Steve Brown, Jessie Deeter
Executive producers: Alec Lorimore, Chris Weitz, David Chang, Robert Zangrillo, Konstantin Othmer
Director of photography: John Behrens
Music: Joachim Cooder
Editor: Andrew Gersh
No rating, 90 minutes
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HarperCollins Children's Books says more than 30 of its most beloved picture books are available as e-books in time for the holidays. For the first time, Fancy Nancy, Splat the Cat, and that feisty dog Marley can be viewed digitally on the iPad, iPod touch, and iPhone through the Apple iBookstore and on NOOKcolor by Barnes & Noble.
Also, Disney Publishing Worldwide has debuted illustrated books from Tron, Toy Story, Cars and other favorites on the iBookstore. The books --- priced from $2.99 to $9.99 each -- offer full-color, two-page spreads.
The iBookstore features books from major and independent publishers. Once you've bought a book -- or download a free one -- it's displayed on your Bookshelf. Just tap it to start reading. The iBooks is a free download at the Apple App Store.| Read more »


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...does this lovely data actually tell us lay people? Perhaps adding a section "Conclusions" would be valuable for us non-maths geeks who are interested in math-geek findings.
Also, was the objective to roll around in the data to try and find correlations or were there specific hypotheses you wanted to test?
"He makes it really easy on you as a coach because he has tremendous football instincts," Michigan tight ends coach Jay Harbaugh said. "Things come really naturally to him. He doesn't have to see things too many times. He has a good sense for how things should look and feel, and he's a tough, physical guy."


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Tags: 5002 sampling initiative
Regulatory Update MSHA
Small Mine Office
MSHA's Joe Main talks about mine safety and his vision for the Small Mine Office.
By Kerry Clines, Senior Editor
Small mines make up about 50 percent of all mines in the United States. According to the Mine Safety and ... Read More...
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Zachsmom20's Mom Answers Activity
Zachsmom20 is a star in these topics:
Getting Pregnant > Fertility Solutions (3 helpful answers)
Can I get pregnant after having a LEEP Procedure?
Most recent answer (7 hours ago):
I had severe PCOS, never had a period. After a year of trying, my husband and I saw a fertility specialist. We went through 6 months of c...posted by a BabyCenter Member
Any advice on getting an amnio?
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I had an amnio. I just needed to know. I used to be scared of needles. Let's just say that being pregnant now has me accustomed to nee...posted by a BabyCenter Member