text:
Salvage store gets rousing welcome
President of new business pleased at crowds on first day
Michael Turner was certain the declining economy and single-digit temperatures would deter people from the grand opening of Knoxville's newest home salvage business.
He was pleasantly mistaken.
"It was unbelievable. You wouldn't have seen any signs of a recession that day. It was packed," said Turner, president of the Chattanooga-based Southeastern Salvage Home Emporium, which opened Saturday at 2940 Knoxville Center Drive.
The opening is a bright spot for Knoxville Center mall, which will see two national retailers departing in the next few weeks.
Express and Pier 1 Imports will close Jan. 25 and Feb. 24, respectively.
"Like every large retail area of the city, Knoxville Center is not immune to the challenging economic environment. As a rule, post-holiday store closings are part of a standard business cycle and there are many seasonal retailers at our properties that are only open for the holidays," Lauren Abernathy, area director of mall marketing for Knoxville Center and West Town, said in a statement.
Knoxville Center has more than 120 stores.
Abernathy pointed to Southeastern Salvage as an exciting addition.
The Knoxville store, across from Sears where Carolina Pottery was previously located, is the eighth location for Southeastern Salvage, which sells brand-name building materials and home decor at discount prices.
It opened a location in Nashville last June and has stores in Alabama, Ohio, Louisiana and Virginia.
Turner said the family-owned business had set its sights on Knoxville for the last three to four years, but finding a location that was affordable was a challenge until now.
"We've signed a long-term lease," Turner said. "We plan on being there for a long time."
Business writer Carly Harrington may be reached at 865-342-6317.
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text:
Chaplin's 'City Lights' at Tower
Published April 13, 2012 8:35 am
This is an archived article that was published on sltrib.com in 2012, and information in the article may be outdated. It is provided only for personal research purposes and may not be reprinted.
Charlie Chaplin's 1931 classic "City Lights" gets a week on the big screen, starting Friday, April 13, at the Tower Theatre, 876 E. 900 South, Salt Lake City.
Chaplin's Tramp falls for a blind flower girl (Virginia Cherrill) in this winsome comedy, presented as part of the Salt Lake Film Society's "Tower Through Time" film series. This month, the series is featuring works by Chaplin and fellow silent legend Buster Keaton.
"City Lights" screens today through Thursday, April 19, at 4:30 p.m. at the Tower. Admission is $6.25.
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text:
'Eli keeps asking who he is going to kill next': Family devastated after Vietnam War veteran neighbor shoots dead beloved puppy as he ran to meet 8-year-old owner and his brother from school
An Ohio family have been left reeling after they say their next-door neighbor gunned down their 8-month-old puppy as he was running to greet their two young sons from school.
Misty and Martin Smith, of Pemberville, say there was no reason why their neigbor, 64-year-old Christopher Zimmerman, should have killed their Lab-border collie mix nicknamed Puppy in front of their horrified kids.
Zimmerman has been criminally cited for injuring an animal, inducing panic and pointing and discharging firearms.
Poor pup: The Smith family's 8-month-old dog named Puppy was gunned down by a neighbor in front of young children last weekend
Puppy's 8-year-old owner tried to restrain the pet to prevent him from going on their neighbor's property, but it was too late
Beloved pet: The family of nine adopted the pooch only this past February 7 years after the death of their previous dog
The incident happened just after 5pm last Sunday in the 100 block of West College Avenue in the Toledo suburb of Pemberville as the Smiths' sons Noah and Eli were returning home from Sunday school.
The family's pet dog charged out of the house to welcome the kids home and crossed onto the driveway of Christopher Zimmerman.
Noah Smith, 8, ran after Puppy in a bid to restrain him, knowing that the neighbor did not want the dog on his property.
At that point, Martin Smith said the 64-year-old pulled out a gun and shot Puppy in full view of his terrified children.
'He can't get it out of his mind,' Mr Smith told the station WLBT referring to little Noah.
Turf war: The Smiths say Puppy was rushing to greet their two young sons from school when he ran onto their neighbor's driveway (pictured)
Aftermath: The neighbor, Christopher Zimmerman, has been criminally cited for injuring an animal, inducing panic and pointing and discharging firearms
On her blog, Misty Smith wrote that Zimmerman, who is a Vietnam War veteran, in the past had called Puppy over to his driveway while the family were trying to train the pooch to stay on their property.
Last month, a report was filed with the Wood County Sheriff's office because the pup was let off the leash.
Heartbroken: Misty Smith shared on her blog that her sons Noah and Eli have been inconsolable since the deadly shooting
'I don't understand why the same man who would coax Puppy into his driveway would suddenly turn on him and hate him so,' Mrs Smith wrote in another blog entry posted Wednesday.
The mother of seven went on to detail how the family adopted Puppy earlier this year - more than 7 years after the death of their beloved 15-year-old golden retriever.
Misty Smith explained in her post that the family had been unable to get another dog earlier because they were renting a house in Cleveland where pets were not allowed.
In 2011, a relative was killed in a car accident, and the Smith family moved into her home in Pemberville, where they could finally get another pooch.
In February, a youth pastor at their church announced that there were puppies up for adoption. Mrs Smith recalled how the family drove three hours one way to pick up their new pet.
'This Sunday in only 3 minutes he was stolen away from us,' she said in the post.
Misty Smith said her two young sons have been inconsolable and unable to sleep since the shooting.
'Eli keeps asking who he is going to kill next,' she said about her neighbor.
She added, ' How do you control the rage that builds inside as you hold your 2 babies all night because every time they close their eyes they see a man they called friend with a gun as he murders their beloved pet.'
Call for justice: Misty Smith (far left), and her husband, Martin (far right), who have seven children (pictured), are demanding justice for their slain animal, saying that they won't be able to get a new dog so long as their neighbor lives next door
Mrs Smith also forcefully condemned existing laws pertaining to crimes against animals as too lenient.
'If he had shown them porn he'd be locked up right now,' she wrote, 'but he can murder their beloved pet without remorse and walk around like nothing.'
The woman concluded that she won't be able to get her children another dog so long as Zimmerman lives next door.
'Even if I could afford a fence, I would not dare put another puppy at risk,' she wrote. ' That's not right!'
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text:
Echoes of 1934 are thundering with increasing intensity.
Economists predict global economic crisis if it does—and possibly an even bigger crisis if it doesn't.
The EPA's Waters of the United States Rule Sunk by Judge, but Federal Power Grab Is Full Steam Ahead
The Environmental Protection agency is using the Navigable Waters Act to amass an astounding amount of federal power. It is part of a dangerous trend in America.
The stock market is melting down—and the experts say it will be fine. Are they right?
But don't worry. The experts say it will be alright.
Echoes of 1934 are thundering with increasing intensity.
Meeting the EPA's new Clean Power Plan rules to cut carbon dioxide won't be cheap. Will it be worth it?
Can we blame the bad economy? Or is it Dad and Mom's fault?


text:
Located in a very quiet area of Barcelona, Mare de Deu de Montserrat Hostel is based in a beautiful refurbished 100-year-old mansion, just 15 minutes from downtown by tube or bus.
On offer are rooms of 6, 8 and 12 beds, free lockers, Internet access, TV, pool, board games, a restaurant that serves a range of food from pizza to paella, and free breakfast. The hostel also has many outdoor areas with benches and seats, lushly surrounded by garden and palm trees so you can relax after a day's sightseeing.
Nearby attractions include Tibidabo Mountain, where a climb to the top will be rewarded with spectacular views of the city and surrounding coastline, and Park Güell garden complex, where you can stroll around the impressive gardens designed by famous architect Antonio Gaudi.
What travellers think
Freundliche Mitarbeiter kümmern sich um das Wohl der Gäste in einem Hostel das wie ein Palast erscheint im maurischen Stil hoch oben auf einem Hügel am Rande der Stadt.
Wed 16 Sep 2015
Bom e acessivel
Mon 07 Sep 2015
Travel tips...
Budget meal tip
down the road
Sat 06 Jun 2015
Where next?
Si vous êtes capables d'aller à l'AJ à pied depuis le métro Vallcarca, boycottez le funiculaire de Montjuic, ça se fait rapidement à pied.
Sun 19 Jul 2015


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NuHealth celebrates the opening of our brand new Maternity and Newborn Center designed to better serve high- or low-risk expectant mothers and their families.
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Von Tauber Institute for Global Psychiatry
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When Tammy was newly pregnant and reviewing her options for delivery, she feared that her dream of "feeling what a normal delivery is like" would go forever unfulfilled, having already undergone two previous cesarean section deliveries. Learn More
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WARREN ZYSMAN JOINS ATTORNEY GENERAL ERIC SCHNEIDERMAN, STATE SENATOR JEFFREY KLEIN AND OTHER NEW YORK OFFICIALS IN ANNOUNCING LAWSUITS AGAINST BUSINESSES FOR ALLEGEDLY SELLING AND SHIPPING SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA AND OTHER DESIGNER DRUGS STATEWIDE Read More »
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With the Class 4A playoffs beginning this week, CSN Chicago takes a look at the sectionals that feature local teams and breaks down the favorites, the contenders and some of the best potential matchups along the way.
[MORE: CSN Preps Power Rankings: Week 14]
CSNChicago.com will have plenty of more playoff coverage of the Class 4A playoffs — and the other classes as well — throughout the month of March as March Madness rolls along.
Bartlett Sectional
Favorite: Dare I say Morton? The Mustangs are the 4-seed, but they've won nine consecutive games and haven't lost since January. Since that time, the Mustangs have beaten Proviso East and York and Greg Carter and Weisner Perez might be the best duo in the Bartlett Sectional.The Mustangs are peaking at the right time.
Contenders: No. 1 seed York has struggled lately, including a big loss to Morton last week, but Frank Toohey is a dangerous senior post player and the Dukes are usually steady with the ball. Proviso East has recently dropped a few games, but their guard-play is great and Jevon Carter is the guy in this sectional you would want with the ball in his hands with the game on the line. Oak Park-River Forest is talented but they've been inconsistent at times this season. Conant is one to watch as a No. 5 seed and they could give Morton a big scare in the regional final.
Best Potential Regional Final: Morton will have to get by Conant to advance to sectionals and this could be a really good game. The Cougars have also played good ball since 2014 began and that included a 12-game winning streak before a loss to Fremd. Morton will have its work cut out for them in this one.
Best Potential Sectional Final: Morton and Proviso East — for a third time — would be a tremendous game. These two teams beat each other on the road already this season and it sets up a perfect opportunity for the rubber match to come on a neutral court for a sectional title.
East Aurora Sectional
Favorite: One-seed Benet has played one of the most difficult schedules in the area and senior center Sean O'Mara is one of the most unstoppable forces in the Class 4A field. The 6-foot-9 Xavier commit gets lost in the shadows a bit with Jahlil Okafor and Cliff Alexander playing so well, but make no mistake about it, O'Mara is a fantastic high school player.
[ALSO: Road to Peoria: Breaking down Class 3A playoffs]
Contenders: This is a pretty balanced and deep sectional that has a lot of legitimate contenders. West Aurora, the No. 2 seed, has been ranked the entire season, while No. 3 Bolingbrook and No. 4 Hinsdale Central have both been ranked as well. Then when you go further down, No. 5 Naperville Central has won on the road at West Aurora and No. 6 Geneva has talented junior forward Nate Navigato.
Best Potential Regional Final: If Geneva can get past Plainfield East and Illinois commit Aaron Jordan in the area's best regional semifinal on Wednesday, then a potential matchup with Bolingbrook could be a really good game. The Raiders have a solid record, but haven't beaten a ranked team all season while Geneva is well-coached and has Navigato to match Bolingbrook's deep collection of talent.
Best Potential Sectional Final: Benet and West Aurora would be a really intriguing matchup for the sectional title. West Aurora would likely have a slight homecourt advantage by playing in their hometown, but how would they stop Sean O'Mara? West Aurora came close to topping Curie and Cliff Alexander at the Pontiac Holiday Tournament, so history shows, they have a chance to top Benet here as well.
Elgin Sectional
Favorite: Larkin was looking really strong until a recent loss to Neuqua Valley, but they'll still be the favorite in this sectional thanks to its steady senior guard play from Derrick Streety and Kendale McCullum. The Royals played a tough schedule and their losses to Morgan Park, Zion-Benton and Benet are all respectable.
Contenders: Larkin will have to overcome local threats from Elgin and St. Charles, but their biggest competition will come from the Rockford area in the form of Rockford Boylan and Rockford Auburn. Boylan guard Brock Stull is a Milwaukee commit and one of the more unsung seniors in Illinois while Rockford Auburn started the season unbeaten before a few losses at the Proviso West Holiday Tournament. Both teams are talented enough to knock off Larkin on the right night.
[MORE: Breaking down the fantastic four in Class 4A]
Best Potential Regional Final: Boylan and Auburn could match up at Boylan for a really good regional final between Rockford rivals. If you're in the Rockford area, you'll want to check this one out.
Best Potential Sectional Final: Larkin and Boylan would be interesting on a number of levels because the teams didn't play a lot of similar opponents. Brock Stull going against Kendale McCullum would be a fun matchup of guards that can really score.
Lake Zurich Sectional
Favorite: Stevenson is 26-1, hasn't lost with Matt Johnson in the lineup, and has the best player in the sectional in junior point guard Jalen Brunson. When you also factor in Stevenson's sweep of No. 3 seed Lake Forest and February win over No. 4 seed Zion-Benton and the Patriots have already seen two of their biggest competitors in the sectional. Stevenson is poised to make it back to Peoria.
Contenders: Fremd sits as the great unknown as the No. 2 seed. The Vikings are the unbeaten Mid-Suburban League champions, but they didn't play nearly as difficult a schedule as the other top seeds. Lake Forest and Zion-Benton have both played Stevenson tough this season — with the Zee-Bees knocking off the Patriots at home when Stevenson was missing Matt Johnson — while No. 5 seed St. Viator is very talented with multiple Division I guards.
Best Potential Regional Final: Among the many potentially great regional finals — including a potential Fremd and Prospect MSL title game rematch, Stevenson and Deerfield, and Lake Forest and Highland Park — Zion-Benton and St. Viator is potentially the best regional final in the state. Both teams have been in the Top 25 of the CSN Preps Power Rankings all year and feature Division I prospects. Can the Lions slow down Milik Yarbrough? Do the Zee-Bees have the discipline to limit turnovers against St. Viator's guards?
Best Potential Sectional Final: Stevenson and Lake Forest III would be fun, but I'd like to see Fremd get a crack at the Patriots for a shot at the supersectional. Stevenson could have very easily been undefeated as well and these are two Top 10 teams.
[DRIVE: Whitney Young sets sights on state championship]
Maine South Sectional
Favorite: Loyola is the clear favorite in the Maine South Sectional, despite some recent slip-ups against Catholic League competition. The senior guard trio of James Clarke, Kevin Kucera and Jack Morrissey are talented and all posses a very high basketball IQ. The Ramblers will be tough to beat before the Chicago State Supersectional.
Contenders: Central Suburban South leaders Maine South and Evanston will challenge Loyola, but neither has the combination of talent and discipline that the Ramblers have. Maine South will be the toughest out for Loyola, as the Hawks will have homecourt advantage and they won't be afraid of anybody that they face.
Best Potential Regional Final: If Maine South wishes to reach the sectional in its own gym, they might have to knock off Niles North in their home gym. Duane Stephens, the senior wing from the Vikings, might be the most talented player on the floor and this is a dangerous matchup for Maine South.
Best Potential Sectional Final: How about the sectional final chess match between Loyola and Maine South. While they're the top two seeds — and two best teams — the coaching battle between Loyola's Tom Livatino and Maine South's Tony Lavorato could be really fun to watch. These are two teams that play really high-caliber high school basketball.
Marist Sectional
Favorite: Given the recent controversy and distractions surrounding Curie, you have to give the edge to Whitney Young, especially if the Stamps brothers are ineligible as the Sun-Times reported. Tyrone Slaughter's ballclub has played one of the most difficult schedules in the country and Jahlil Okafor, Paul White and Miles Reynolds will be prepared for all comers.
Contenders: This sectional is completely stacked. Curie, Simeon, St. Rita, Mount Carmel and De La Salle are all ranked in the CSN Preps Power Rankings and Curie (although negated) and De La Salle recently won difficult tournaments. Simeon is the four-time defending Class 4A champion, St. Rita has multiple high-major players and Mount Carmel is balanced and well-coached.
Best Potential Regional Final: St. Rita and Mount Carmel would be a heck of a Catholic League crossover to determine a regional title. The pressure would be on the Mustangs, as they haven't won a regional title since 2003, but they have a tremendous amount of talent in Northwestern commit Vic Law, Catholic League South Player of the Year Dominique Matthews and junior guard Charles Matthews, a Kentucky commit. The Caravan counter with David Nichols, Montana Byrd and company and they've won some difficult games this season while playing a tough schedule.
Best Potential Sectional Final: Everyone wants to see Curie vs. Whitney Young II. Cliff Alexander and Jahlil Okafor are once-in-a-generation big men in the state of Illinois and they happen to be in the same senior class. The big men have matched up three times over the course of their varsity careers with Alexander holding a 2-1 — on-the-floor — advantage but Okafor and the Dolphins will be hungry for revenge and a chance to make a supersectional.
Thornton Sectional
Favorite: Marian Catholic is the clear favorite in this sectional as they've been the class of the south suburbs all season long. Senior point guard Tyler Ulis is deserving of his McDonald's All-American honors and the Kentucky commit is playing tremendous ball this season. The Spartans have 10 seniors on this roster and they're hungry to reach Peoria after falling just short in the supersectional last season.
Contenders: Thornwood can really shoot and the No. 2 seed has won 13 straight games entering the playoffs. Thornton has also been a tough out all season and the No. 3 seed will have the benefit of homecourt advantage if they reach the sectional. Bloom is also playing some good ball towards the end of the season as the No. 4 seed and Ron Ashlaw has made it to Peoria before with Waukegan.
Best Potential Regional Final: Thornton could have its hands full if they face Homewood-Flossmoor in the regional final. The Vikings don't have the most impressive record at 14-11, but six of those losses came against ranked opponents and UIC commit Tai Odiase is having a strong season season in the post.
Best Potential Sectional Final: Marian Catholic and Thornwood would be a really fun matchup of two teams that can really get hot from the perimeter. The Spartans won the previous matchup 75-56 on November 26th, but that was before the Thunderbirds hit their stride and won 13 straight games. Marian Catholic would still be the favorite, but Thornwood could make enough shots to hang with them.


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After long delays, Russia has deployed a new ballistic missile submarine, or nuclear submarine, for the first time in more than 20 years. This marks a significant step forward for its navy, which has pledged tens of billions of dollars to revitalize its fleet. The U.S. Navy, unfortunately, has had trouble both in revitalizing its subs as well as its overall naval…
The U.S. House of Representatives showed strong support for national security when it voted through a reconciliation process to override the sequestration cuts scheduled for defense in January 2013. By following the House Armed Services Committee's (HASC) lead in raising the top-line budget for defense over the President's fiscal year 2013 request, Congress can sustain…
The National Security Cutter (NSC) is the Coast Guard's flagship for the future. Commandant Admiral Robert Papp recently declared, "The NSC is proving to be a vital instrument for protecting American maritime security and prosperity."[1] Yet in his fiscal year (FY) 2013 budget request, the President cuts the two vessels that were supposed to complete the fleet. Congress…
Abstract: For more than 200 years, the United States has successfully preserved and protected its navigational rights and freedoms by relying on naval operations, diplomatic protests, and customary international law. U.S. membership in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) would not confer any maritime right or freedom that the U.S. does not already…
Abstract: America is a maritime power, and a strong U.S. Navy is both in America's long-term interest and essential to the nation's prosperity. Yet U.S. sea power is in decline. If not reversed, this decline could pass the tipping point, leaving the country economically and strategically unable to reverse course, which would have profound economic and geopolitical…
Under the current Administration, domestic entitlement programs and interest on the national debt remain firmly entrenched as the fastest growing portions of the federal budget; only discretionary programs are at risk for budget cuts. Accounting for 60 percent of discretionary funds, national security is the most at-risk slice of federal spending. Within the national…
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text:
Freeheld stumbles over too many hurdles to recommend it. The film's heart is in the right place, but its focus is not.
Freeheld stumbles over too many hurdles to recommend it. The film's heart is in the right place, but its focus is not.
Cassel's latest movie that smartly keeps his innate menace on a slow, low simmer, isn't nearly as convincing or compelling as its star.
"The Ballad of Narayama" is a Japanese film of great beauty and elegant artifice, telling a story of startling cruelty. What a space it opens…
Patrice Leconte's "Monsieur Hire" is a tragedy about loneliness and erotomania, told about two solitary people who have nothing else in common. It involves a…
A review of Steven Spielberg's "Bridge of Spies" from its NYFF premiere last night.
A NYFF report on new films from Chantal Akerman and Michel Gondry.
An article about "The BlackWhite Love Play."
Our monthly series digs into the career of Wes Craven and comes out with his 3D 2010 film, "My Soul to Take".
A FFC review of "The Look of Silence."
A review of "A Girl at My Door".
This month's short film, "Air Conditions," and an interview with its director.
A review of the premiere of "American Horror Story: Hotel."
* This filmography is not intended to be a comprehensive list of this artist's work. Instead it reflects the films this person has been involved with that have been reviewed on this site.
Michael Caton-Jones' 1989 film "Scandal" begins amidst an atmosphere of gaiety and innocence at the start of the 1960s. Bright, resplendent, sparkling visions burst before our eyes. Soon the tones will become darker. "Scandal" chronicles the multi-faceted sex scandal that erupted in the "you've never had it so good" British Tory prime minister Harold Macmillan's conservative government in 1963.


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Scar Model
ScaredyLionPhotographer Male Astoria, New York, US
My Website: MY WEBSITE!!!My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/ScaredyLion
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About Me
In NYC and looking to shoot! Drop me a line if you're interested... Especially if you're associated with, or would like to join, Zivity!
A little about me...
I found my passion for photography through my passion for theatre. As a photographer, I found that my propensity as an actor to "people watch" has translated into my favorite subject matter! People are amazing subjects. Never the same twice, even just from frame to frame. We all perform, whether deliberately or unintentionally, and I want to capture the show!
Joan Marcus once said, "A photograph of a play or a musical should be evocative. It should be compelling. It should pique your interest. The mood, the lighting, the composition should make you want to know more about what's going on - when you look at that picture, it should make you want to see the show." I couldn't agree more and I feel that my perspective as an actor has helped me get in touch with that side of photography. As a photographer I want my audience to feel, like I do as an actor, that they too are "in the show." That they are not watching but experiencing.
It doesn't matter if "the show" is an actual play or musical, the streets of New York city, an imaginary forest, or someone playing in front of a blank studio wall, I want to be there to make it available to you! Consider me that best friend who always invites you to be in the show and come play!
So come perform with me and let's see what kind of show we can put on for our audience!
Scar Model
Gracie Hagen Model Model
Stephy C Model
Sauda Namir Model
Perry Gallagher Photographer
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Featured Contributors Summer 2014Tom Wudl More »
Featured Contributors Spring 2014Dr. Pilar Jennings More »
Featured Contributors Winter 2013Richard Barnes More »
Featured Contributors Fall 2013Longtime Buddhist journalist Katy Butler, author of "A Life Too Long," began sitting at the San Francisco Zen Center three decades ago. A Tricycle contributing editor, she is best known for articles analyzing the misuse of sexuality and power in American Buddhist communities. "Some people think that Buddhism and journalism must be at odds, but neither one is satisfied with sentimental evasions, wishful thinking, or easy answers," she says. "Both are penetrating practices requiring critical thinking—and so is living an ordinary life. More »
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Featured Contributors Summer 2013In "The Space Between," poet Marie Howe shares three of her poems and speaks with Zen teachers Robert Chodo Campbell and Koshin Paley Ellison about caregiving, writing, and how the death of her brother John impacted her poetry. Following John's death, Howe found a new voice in the midst of her grief. "I was given this place to be without any expectations," she says. "And everything changed so that the particulars of life—this white dish, the shadow of the bottle on it—everything mattered so much more to me. And I saw what happened in these spaces. You can never even say what happened, because what happened is rarely said, but it occurs among the glasses with water and lemon in them." More »
Featured Contributors Spring 2013Brent Huffman is a documentary filmmaker and assistant professor at Northwestern University. His article "The Fate of Mes Aynak" (page 64), chronicles the fate of an ancient Buddhist city in Afghanistan that sits above a copper mine worth billions. Huffman first traveled to Mes Aynak in the summer of 2011 to document the ancient city before its imminent destruction by Chinese mining companies. "I quickly fell in love with this miraculous and awe-inspiring place," Huffman says, "so in addition to making the film, I began a campaign to save the site." Later that year, Huffman partnered with the Alliance for the Restoration of Cultural Heritage (ARCH) to spread awareness about the destruction of Mes Aynak. More »


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She looks at you with admiring eyes and occasionally gives you a pat on the ass as you walk by her in the hall. It isn't appropriate office behavior, but she's My MILF Boss and she knows she can get away with it!Visit My MILF BossMore from My Milf Boss
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Starring Dylan Ryder and Steven French, Channel: My Milf Boss
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If Steven French wants to get that promotion from sexy power boss Dylan Ryder, he's going to have to prove he can fuck her the way she needs it!
Dark hair secretary suck a big fat cock and put it in all her holes just to take a big cumshot
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Ultra Ravers Boost Miami Tourism, Pack Hotels Through March at $238.12 Per Night
South Floridians owe beat freaks and frat boys a drink.
Fueled almost entirely by Red Bull, Molly, and (presumably) a little bit of cocaine, sunburned college students from the Midwest, foreign ravers, and Ultra Music Festival organizers rallied to resurrect South Florida's economy in March.
See also:
-Ten Richest DJs: From Pauly D to Swedish House Mafia and Tiesto
-Association for Electronic Music Founded "to Advocate on Behalf of EDM"
-Ultra Fest Generates $79 Million Annually for Miami Economy: Can EDM Save the Country?
According to a new study by Smith Travel Research (via Miami Herald), Miami-Dade hotels were booked to 89.1-percent capacity through the month of March, up 4 percent from 2012. And the average daily hotel room rate was $238.12 last month, up 14.4 percent.
Betsy Hotel general manger Jeff Lehman suggests that a myriad of EDM-related events, spring break, and inclement winter weather played a role.
"It was a perfect storm of both events and factors," Lehman tells the Herald. "The rest of the country was suffering through horrible weather and South Florida's weather was just perfect."
So perfect, in fact, that the South Beach boutique hotel operated at nearly 100 occupancy for the better part of March.
But like many businesses, The Betsy was simply feeding off of Ultra Music Festival's $79-million fiscal pie.
Last year, Washington Economics Group found that UMF generates nearly $80 million annually for Miami-Dade County. The study found that about 60 percent of the estimated 165,000 attendees each year spend money on lodging, food and transportation to the festival.
"We see ourselves as partners in the economic prosperity for Miami-Dade County and hope to continue and expand our contribution to the magic that makes our area unique," UMF organizer Russell Faibisch said in October. "We always knew from the huge crowds that we draw that we had a major impact on our local economy, but we did not realize it was this huge."
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text: Get to Know Raina Mayer Matt Richenthal at October 27, 2013 8:58 am. Comments Sara Paxton plays Raina Mayer on The Beautiful Life. In this interview, the actresses dishes on the character. Share Tweet Email Edit Delete Follow The Beautiful Life Show: The Beautiful Life Character: Raina Mayer Related Videos: The Beautiful Life Videos Uploaded by: Matt Richenthal Uploaded: October 27, 2013


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Interview with Christopher L. Bennett
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September 23 2008, 08:57 AM
D Man
Location: Tropical Minnesota
Re: Interview with Christopher L. Bennett
Great interview! Your physics background is probably your main appeal as a writer to me, and I can't get enough of every little bit of "hard science" you use in your novels. I'll also be near the front of the line to buy your first original novel, and I hope it comes sooner rather than later...I'm sure you do too, of course.
Do re mi, do re mi, fa mi re do.
---DS9 "Chrysalis"
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text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|9 Nov 1999
|Fecha de presentación
|23 Ene 1998
|Fecha de prioridad
|6 Ene 1988
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Brian G. Randall
|Cesionario original
|G-P Gypsum Corporation
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (61), Otras citas (7), Citada por (65), Clasificaciones (46), Eventos legales (9)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/297,505, filed Aug. 29, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,718,785, which is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/137,695, filed Oct. 15, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,342,680, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/432,122, filed Nov. 6, 1989, now abandoned, which is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 07/141,998, filed Jan. 6, 1988, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,879,173.
This invention relates to an improved fibrous mat of the type that can be used as a facing material for gypsum board.
Panels of gypsum wallboard having a core of set gypsum sandwiched between two sheets of facing paper have long been used as structural members in the fabrication of buildings where the panels are used to form the partitions or walls of rooms, elevator shafts, stair wells, ceilings and the like. Although paper sheets have long been used as the facing material for gypsum board, there are prior art disclosures which suggest the use of other kinds of facing materials for gypsum board. For example, Canadian Patent No. 993,779 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,993,822 disclose gypsum boards having facing sheets of glass fibers. More particularly, the Canadian patent discloses gypsum board comprising a set gypsum core sandwiched between two glass fiber mats which are porous and dimensionally stable in the presence of moisture. The mats are adhered to the core by portions of the set gypsum which comprises the core. It is believed that the developments described in the aforementioned patents were never commercialized.
A more recent development in the field of gypsum board is the subject of U.S. Pat. No. 4,647,496 to C. W. Lehnert and B. G. Randall, assigned to the same assignee as the present invention. This patent discloses improved forms of fibrous mat-faced gypsum board which have been commercialized and which are presently being used effectively in more and more applications. These include applications in which paper-faced gypsum board is considered unsuitable for use and certain applications where it has been recognized that the fibrous mat-faced gypsum board can be used to better advantage than paper-faced board.
A preferred form of the gypsum board described in the aforementioned '496 patent includes board faced with a glass mat comprising fiber glass filaments oriented in random pattern and bound together with an adhesive, for example, a resin binder, with the outer face of each of the glass mats being substantially free of set gypsum. Another preferred form of the gypsum board described in the '496 patent is one in which the set gypsum core of the board includes a water-resistant additive, for example, wax-asphalt emulsion, preferably in admixture with poly(vinyl alcohol).
In general, fibrous mat-faced board of the type described above has certain characteristics which are considered more desirable than those of paper-faced gypsum board. For example, the surface of fibrous mat-faced gypsum board is water-resistant whereas conventional paper cover sheets used to face gypsum board tend to soak up water and to delaminate upon becoming wet. Accordingly, the fibrous mat-faced board has much better weathering characteristics in outdoor applications than paper-faced gypsum board, particularly those forms of board which include a water-resistant additive in the gypsum core of the board. Unlike a paper cover sheet, a fibrous mat does not expand or contract during the manufacture of the board; this reduces cockle and permits the manufacture of board with uniform dimensions. These are but a few of the advantages of fibrous mat-faced board relative to conventional paper-faced board. New advantages are being realized as use of the fibrous mat-faced board is expanded into other applications.
A proposed use for fibrous mat-faced gypsum board is as a support member in a roofing application of the type known commonly as a "built-up-roof," often referred to as "BUR". A built-up-roof is a multi-ply structure which is formed in place and which comprises alternate layers of a hydrocarbon water-proofing material such as asphalt or tar and of sheets of roofing material such as sheets of felt or fiberglass, for example, two or three plies of each of the aforementioned. A BUR is typically topped off with stone or pebbles that adhere to the hydrocarbon water-proofing material. By way of example, a BUR can be fabricated by pouring hot asphalt onto a support member and applying to the hot liquid asphalt a layer of roofing felt in the form of sheets. This sequence of steps is repeated until the roof is built up to the desired extent and then stones or pebbles are added to the top layer of asphalt to which they adhere.
It is known to use as the support member onto which the first layer of hot liquid asphalt or similar material is poured a wood fiber, perlite, or paper-faced gypsum board. It has been recognized that fibrous mat-faced board has inherent characteristics that would seemingly make it more suitable for use as the support member in a BUR than heretofore used materials. However, it has been found that pouring hot asphalt onto the surface of a fibrous mat-faced gypsum board results in the formation in the asphalt of voids which remain in the solid asphalt layer which is formed upon cooling. (A similar phenomenon has been observed in the use of paper-faced gypsum board as a support member in a BUR.) It appears that the hot asphalt, which typically has a temperature of 400 to 450° F. or higher, causes residual water in the gypsum board to vaporize. The vaporized water penetrates through the facing material and into the hot asphalt where it tends to form blisters or bubbles which can burst. This leads to a defective ply in the built-up-roof.
One aspect of the present invention relates to the provision of a fibrous mat-faced gypsum board that can be used effectively as a support member in a built-up-roof.
There are other problems associated with fibrous mat-faced gypsum board, and they are problems that are more pronounced when the fibrous mat comprises glass fibers, particularly glass fibers in non-woven form. For example, the glass fibers can cause itching or other mild irritation of the skin as the board is handled. Also, glass fibers can become dislodged from the mat, become air-borne, and function as an irritant.
Another shortcoming of glass is that it tends to be degraded by alkaline materials. This restricts the use of glass mat-faced gypsum board in applications where, for example, an alkaline-based adhesive is applied to the glass mat for the purpose of adhering thereto an overlying material such as panels of insulation.
Other aspects of the present invention relate to the provision of an improved glass mat which has a reduced tendency to cause irritation to the skin and which has improved resistance to being degraded by alkaline materials.
In accordance with one aspect of this invention, there is provided a fibrous mat having a predetermined thickness and comprising fibers bound together with an adhesive and including also a reinforcing resinous binder on the surface of the mat and extending but partway through the thickness of the mat into the interstices thereof, the amount of reinforcing resinous binder being about 3 to about 40 g/square meter of mat.
An important aspect of the present invention is that the improved properties of the mat of the present invention can be achieved by the use of very small amounts of the reinforcing resinous binder, for example, preferred amounts being about 5 to about 15 g of resin/square meter of mat.
In accordance with another aspect of this invention, there is provided gypsum board comprising a set gypsum core having adhered to at least one of its surfaces a non-woven glass fiber mat having a predetermined thickness and comprising glass fibers bound together by an adhesive and including also a reinforcing resinous binder on the surface of the mat and extending but partway through the thickness of the mat into the interstices thereof, the amount of the binder being such that the drying characteristics of the board are substantially the same as board comprising said mat without said binder. An important aspect of this embodiment of the invention is that it is possible to manufacture gypsum board provided with the improved mat of the present invention on an industrial manufacturing line without having to adopt inefficient procedures for the purpose of accomodating the drying of the board, for example, raising oven temperatures and/or increasing oven size and/or slowing down the line speed of the manufacturing operation so that the board has a longer residence time in the oven. (It is noted that the industrial manufacture of gypsum board entails forming and shaping an aqueous gypsum slurry into a panel-like shape, maintaining such shape as the calcined gypsum sets and then accelerating the drying of the resulting board by subjecting it to elevated temperatures.) The use of an amount of reinforcing binder which significantliy deters the evaporation of water from the wet gypsum core through the mat would require the use of higher temperatures and/or longer residence times in order to maintain line speed or the use of slower line speeds while Maintaining standard temperatures and residence times. Remarkably, it has been found that the improved properties which are possessed by board of the present invention can be achieved by use of amounts of a reinforcing resinous binder which do not significantly change the drying characteristics of the board.
In preferred form, the mat comprises continuous or discrete strands or fibers of glass in non-woven for, which are bonded together by a resinous adhesive and the reinforcing resinous binder of the mat is alkaline-resistant.
In preferred form, the improved mat of the present invention is formed in situ during the manufacture of fibrous mat-faced gypsum board. Accordingly, another aspect of the present invention encompasses a process for manufacturing in continuous fashion a fibrous mat-faced gypsum board comprising:
(A) forming an aqueous slurry of calcined gypsum;
(B) continuously feeding said aqueous slurry onto an underlying, moving and supported facing sheet;
(C) forming said deposited slurry as it is carried on said moving sheet into a panel-like shape and maintaining said panel-like shape while said calcined gypsum sets to form a wet board;
(D) applying to the top surface of said panel-like shape of slurry an overlying porous fibrous mat of predetermined thickness and comprising fibers bound together by an adhesive;
(E) allowing said slurry to penetrate but partway into the thickness of said overlying mat so that the outer surface of said mat is substantially free of set gypsum;
(F) applying to the outer surface of said mat a reinforcing resinous binder which penetrates but partway into the thickness of said mat, the amount of binder so applied being such that the drying characteristics of the board are substantially the same as board comprising said mat without said binder; and
(G) drying the wet board, thereby forming board comprising a set gypsum core having adhered to one surface thereof said facing sheet and to the other surface thereof said mat.
In carrying out the process of the present invention, there is provided a gypsum board comprising a set gypsum core having at least one of its surfaces faced with an improved fibrous mat of the present invention, the mat being adhered to the core by set gypsum of the core which penetrates but partway through the thickness of the mat.
The present invention offers a number of advantages. For example, the reinforcing resinous binder, notwithstanding its being used in such small amounts, is effective in deterring the formation of voids in a layer of material formed by applying to the surface of the fibrous mat-faced gypsum board a water-proofing material in hot liquid form. This permits the gypsum board of the present invention to be used effectively as a support member in a built-up-roof. In addition, glass mat which includes the reinforcing resinous binder tends to cause less irritation to skin and the reinforcing resinous binder functions to keep the fibers from being dislodged readily from the mat. Another important advantage of the present invention is that presently-used industrial lines for manufacturing fibrous mat-faced gypsum board can be adapted readily with equipment for forming the improved mat of the present invention.
Other attributes of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description.
The fibrous mat-faced gypsum board of the present invention comprises a set gypsum core which is basically the type of core used in those gypsum structural products which are known as gypsum wallboard, dry wall, gypsum board, gypsum lath and gypsum sheathing. The core of such a product is formed by mixing water with powdered anhydrous calcium sulfate or calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4 .1/2H2 O), also known as calcined gypsum, and thereafter allowing the mixture to hydrate or set into calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4.2H2 O), a relatively hard material. The core of the product will in general comprise at least about 85 wt. percent of set gypsum.
The composition from which the set gypsum core is made can include optional constituents, including, for example, those included conventionally in fire-resistant gypsum board and in water-resistant gypsum board. Examples of such constituents include set accelerators, retarders, foaming agents, dispersing agents, water-resistant additives and fire-resistant additives.
For use as a support member for a built-up-roof, the core of the fibrous mat-faced gypsum board should Include a water-resistant additive, preferably in an amount such that the core absorbs no more than about 10% and preferably no more than about 5% water when tested in accordance with ASTM method C-473 with only the edges exposed. Any suitable water-resistant additive can be used. Numerous examples of such additives are disclosed in the aforementioned '496 patent. A preferred material for use in improving the water-resistant properties of the gypsum core comprises wax-asphalt emulsion, species of which are available commercially, as described also in the '496 patent. The amount of wax-asphalt emulsion used can be within the range of about 3 to about 10 wt. %, preferably about 5 to 7 wt. %. A particularly preferred mater a for use in improving the water-resistant properties of the gypsum core comprises a mixture of materials, namely, poly(vinyl alcohol) and wax-asphalt emulsion of the aforementioned type, as described in said '496 patent. The amounts of poly(vinyl alcohol) and wax-asphalt emulsion used should be at least about 0.05 wt. % and about 2 wt. % respectively. The preferred amounts of poly(vinyl alcohol) and wax-asphalt emulsion are about 0.15 to about 0.4 wt. % and about 3 to about 5 wt. % respectively. (Unless stated otherwise, the term "wt. %" when used herein means weight percent based on the total weight of the ingredients of the composition from which the set gypsum core is made, said ingredients including the water of the wax-asphalt emulsion, but not including additional amounts of water that are added to the gypsum composition for forming an aqueous slurry thereof.) A highly preferred water-resistant additive for use in the core of the gypsum-based board is an organopolysiloxane, for example, of the type referred to in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,455,710; 3,623,895; 4,136,687; 4,447,498; and 4,643,771. Within this class of materials, poly(methyl-hydrogen-siloxane) is particularly preferred. The amount of the organopolysiloxane should be at least about 0.2 wt. %. A preferred amount falls within the range of about 0.3 to about 0.6 wt. %.
The improved fibrous mat of the present invention comprises a material which is capable of forming a strong bond with the set gypsum comprising the core of the gypsum board of the present invention. As disclosed in the aforementioned '496 patent, examples of such materials include a mineral type material such as glass fibers and synthetic resin fibers. The mat of the present invention is in non-woven form and includes fibers which are bound together by an adhesive and includes also a reinforcing resinous binder. The mat of the present invention is porous and can be made by treating a non-woven mat made up of adhesively-bound fibers with the reinforcing resinous binder. As described in detail below, the mat of the present invention is formed preferably during the manufacture of the fibrous mat-faced gypsum board.
In preferred form, the non-woven mat which is treated with the reinforcing resinous binder pursuant to the present invention is a glass mat comprising continuous or discrete strands of glass fibers adhesively bonded together, preferably by a resinous material. The mat can range in thickness, for example, from about 15 to about 40 mils, with a thickness of about 25 to about 35 mils being preferred. Such mats are known and are commercially available in many forms. In highly preferred form, the mat is a fiber glass mat comprising fiber glass filaments oriented in random pattern and bound together with a resin binder. Fiber glass mats of this type are commercially available, for example, those sold under the trademark DURA-GLASS by Manville Building Materials Corporation and those sold by ELK Corporation as BUR or shingle mat.
The reinforcing resinous binder that is applied to the aforementioned fibrous mat can be any polymeric material that is capable of adhering strongly to the mat, and is preferably a material that is considered by the art to be water-resistant and heat-resistant and, most preferably, alkaline-resistant also. It is desirable also that the resin have anti-blocking characteristics. There are many commercially-available resins that possess the aforementioned characteristics. The binder can comprise a single resin or a mixture of resins and can be a thermoplastic or a thermoset resin. For most applications, the binder is likely to be a resin which is different from the adhesive which holds together the fibers of the mat. However, the same resin can be used for the reinforcing binder and for the adhesive.
The reinforcing resinous binder is preferably applied to the fibrous mat in the form of an aqueous dispersion of resin solids, that is, a latex. Because of the relatively small amount of resin used to treat the mat, it is recommended that a commercially-available latex be diluted prior to applying the latex to the mat. Good results have been achieved with latexes that have been diluted to the extent that the solids contents thereof are about 5 to about 25 wt. %.
The fibrous mat is most desirably treated with substantially 100% of the resin. However, it should be understood that other materials which are compatible with the resin and which do not interfere with the coalescence of the resin particles or desired properties of the mat can be used also. Examples of such materials include pigments, lubricants, and fillers such as silicates, silica, gypsum and calcium carbonate. The amount of such other materials can comprise up to about 75 wt. % of a composition comprising the resin and other materials. However, when such other materials are used, it is preferred that they comprise not more than about 25 wt. % of the composition.
A preferred reinforcing resin binder for use in the practice of the present invention is available in the form of a latex sold by Unocal Chemicals Division of Unocal Corporation under the mark 76 RES 1018. The pH and solids content of the latex are, respectively, 7.5-9.0 and 50%. The resin is styrene-acrylic copolymer which has a relatively low film-forming temperature (20° C.) and a Tg of 22° C. Coatings formed from the resin can be dried effectively at temperatures within the ranges of about 300 to 400° F. If desired, a coalescing agent can be used to lower the film-forming temperature.
Another preferred reinforcing resin binder for use in the practice of the present invention is also available in the form of a latex sold by Unocal Chemicals Division of Unocal Corporation. This preferred latex is sold under the mark 76 RES 2302. The pH and solids content of the latex are, respectively, 3.5 and 45%. The resin is a self-crosslinking vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymer which has a Tg of about 33° C.
As mentioned above, the amount of reinforcing resin binder applied to the surface of the fibrous mat is relatively small, for example, so small that to the naked eye it is difficult, if not impossible, to detect differences between the untreated and the binder-treated mat. Nevertheless, the use of such small amount of binder is effective in imparting desired properties to the mat, as described above. The reasons for this are not understood. Particularly perplexing is determining the reason why such small amounts of binder are effective in inhibiting the formation of bubbles and/or voids in a layer of hydrocarbon water-proofing material that is formed by the solidification of the material in hot liquid form on the surface of the treated fibrous mat-faced board.
The minimum amount of reinforcing resinous binder to apply to the fibrous mat is that which results in detectable improvements in the desired properties of the mat. In quantitative terms, it is recommended that the binder be applied in an amount of at least about 3, and preferably at least about 5, g/square meter of mat. Several factors can be taken into consideration in determining the maximum amount of binder to use. As mentioned above, manufacturing considerations dictate that the binder should be present in an amount such that the drying characteristics of the board are not changed substantially. In addition, these should be avoided amounts which tend to interfere with characteristics of the substantially gypsum-free surface of the mat that are considered desirable for particular applications. Such characteristics include both aesthetic and functional characteristics. In connection with functional characteristics, it is noted that a mat which is substantially free of set gypsum is highly textured and provides an excellent substrate for adhering thereto an overlying component inasmuch as it comprises many interstices into which an adhesive composition can flow and bind. Amounts of reinforcing resinous binder which would eliminate this characteristic should be avoided. Other factors which influence the maximum amount of reinforcing resinous binder that is used include a levelling off of or elimination of improvements in properties notwithstanding the use of increased amounts of the binder. Amounts of binder which cause blocking should be avoided also. It is believed that for most applications, it will not be necessary to apply more than about 25 g of resin per square meter of mat, but higher amounts can be used, as mentioned above. A preferred amount of binder to use with the preferred glass mat of the present invention is about 5 to about 15 g/square meter of mat, with particularly good results being achieved with the use of about 10 to about 15 g/square meter of mat.
The reinforcing resinous binder can be applied to the mat by any suitable means, for example, spray, brush, curtain coating, and roller coating. The means used to apply the binder will generally depend on the form of the binder, for example, whether it is in solid or liquid form (dissolved, dispersed or suspended). Spray has been used very effectively when applying the binder in the form of a latex.
As mentioned above, an important feature of the present invention is that the improved fibrous mat-faced gypsum board can be made utilizing an existing, but readily-modified manufacturing line for applying the reinforcing resinous binder to the surface of the mat. In conventional fashion, dry ingredients from which the gypsum core is formed are pre-mixed and then fed to a mixer of the type commonly referred to as a pin mixer. Water and other liquid constituents used in making the core are metered into the pin mixer where they are combined with the dry ingredients to form an aqueous gypsum slurry. Foam is generally added to the slurry in the pin mixer to control the density of the resulting core. The slurry is dispersed through one or more outlets at the bottom of the mixer onto a moving sheet which is indefinite in length and is fed from a roll thereof. The sheet forms one of the facing sheets of the board. In preferred form, the sheet is a fibrous mat like that which is applied subsequently to the top of the slurry.
As is common practice in the manufacture of conventional paper-faced gypsum board, the two opposite edge portions of the sheet are progressively flexed upwardly from the mean plane thereof and then turned inwardly at the margins as to provide coverings for the edges of the resulting board.
A sheet of fibrous mat to which the reinforcing resinous binder is to be applied is fed from a roll onto the top of the slurry, thereby sandwiching the slurry between the two moving sheets which form the facings of the set gypsum core which is formed from the slurry. Conventional shaping rolls and edge guiding devices are used to shape and maintain the edges of the composite until the gypsum has set sufficiently to retain its shape.
In preferred form, the reinforcing resinous binder in the form of a diluted latex is applied uniformly to the surface of the fibrous mat by a multiplicity of spray heads which are positioned over the mat and across the width thereof. The surface of the mat to which the binder is applied is substantially free of set gypsum and comprises many interstices into which the binder can flow and bond. The formation of the board with the facing mat being substantially free of gypsum can be accomplished by known means, for example, by adjusting the viscosity of the gypsum slurry so that it penetrates but partway into the overlying fibrous mat, for example, up to about 30 to 70% of its thickness over the entire surface areas thereof.
It is believed that, for many applications, it will be most advantageous to manufacture board having both surfaces faced with a fibrous mat, with each mat having a substantially gypsum-free surface. The recommended known means for controlling the viscosity of the slurry is to add thereto a viscosity-control agent. Such viscosity-control agents are known in the field of gypsum board manufacture. A preferred viscosity-control agent is paper fiber. Examples of other agents that can be used are cellulosic thickeners, bentonite clays and starches. The particular viscosity values that are used in manufacturing operation can vary from one application to the next, depending on the porosity of the mat, and the desired penetration of the slurry. Accordingly, for any particular application, the viscosity value is best determined empirically.
In using the preferred form of glass fiber mat, as described above, to manufacture the aforementioned preferred forms of board, it is recommended that the gypsum slurry have a viscosity within the range of about 5000 to about 7000 cp. As used herein, the viscosity value refers to Brookfield viscosity measured at a temperature of 70° F. at 10 rpm utilizing paddle No. 3. It should be appreciated that the amount of viscosity-control agent added to the slurry to give the desired viscosity will vary depending on the particular agent used and the specific viscosity desired.
The reinforcing resinous binder can be applied at that stage of the manufacturing process at which the gypsum has set partially and to the extent that it is in a non-flowable form. Preferably, the binder is applied to the surface of the mat when the gypsum has set completely, but at a time prior to the drying of the board. Typically, the binder will be present in those portions of the mat that are not occupied by set gypsum, with the highest concentration of binder being at the surface of the mat.
After application of the binder, sequential lengths of the board are cut and further processed by exposure to heat which accelerates the drying of the board by increasing the rate of evaporation of excess water in the gypsum slurry and water of the latex.
As mentioned above, the amount of the reinforcing resinous binder can be such that the drying characteristics of the board are substantially the same as board faced with mat that does not include the binder. (It is believed that the porosity characteristics of the mat are not significantly changed.) This means that industrial drying conditions typically used in continuous gypsum board manufacture can be used in the manufacture of board of the present invention. Exemplary drying conditions include temperatures of about 200 to about 600° F., drying times of about 30 to about 60 minutes, and line speeds of about 70 to about 250'/minute.
It is believed that the form of the board that will be used most widely is board that has but one of its fibrous facings treated with the reinforcing resinous binder. However, both fibrous facings of the board can include the binder in accordance with the present invention. One way of making such board is to first apply the binder to one of the fibrous facings in the manner described above and thereafter applying binder to the other facing after the board has been dried.
Thus, improved gypsum board can be provided by use of a mat having a predetermined thickness and comprising fibers and resinous adhesive material which holds the fibers together, the amount of adhesive material being substantially the same throughout a first portion of the mat which extends from one surface thereof to about 30% to about 70% of the thickness thereof and the amount of adhesive material being greater in a second portion of the mat comprising the remaining mat thickness, the amount of the adhesive material in said second portion varying, with the highest proportion thereof being present at the other surface of the mat. The aforementioned amounts are on the basis of amount of resin per unit volume of mat.
Examples which follow are illustrative of the present invention.
This example is illustrative of a fibrous mat-faced gypsum board which has a water-resistant core and which can be used as a support member in a built-up-roofing structure in accordance with the present invention.
The formulation set forth below is an example of an aqueous gypsum slurry which can be used in making the core of a gypsum board faced with an improved fibrous mat of the present invention.
______________________________________Constituents Lbs./1000 sq.ft. of Board______________________________________calcined gypsum 1380 (CaSO.1/2 H2 O) wax/asphalt emulsion, 130 water-resistant additive aqueous solution of 10 wt. % 56 poly(vinyl alcohol), water- resistant additive paper fiber 15 set accelerator 6 ammonium lauryl sulfonate 1 foaming agent calcium lignosulfonate, 2 dispersing agent water 1,000______________________________________
The wax/asphalt emulsion of the above formulation contains approximately 48 wt. % solids of which about 11 wt. % is paraffin wax and about 37 wt. % is asphalt. The set accelerator comprises about 80 wt. % potash, about 12 wt. % lignosulfonate and about 8 wt. % ground gypsum.
The above formulation is used to prepare gypsum board, the surfaces of which are covered with non-woven fiber glass mat. The mat is composed of glass fiber filaments oriented in a random pattern bonded together by an adhesive referred to by the manufacturer as a "modified urea-formaldehyde resin". The mat has a thickness of 33 mils and is more porous than paper of the type used as the cover sheet of gypsum wallboard. The air permeability of the mat is 700 CFM/sq.ft. (test method FG 436-910). The mat is available commercially as DURA-GLASS 7502-2 lbs. and is an example of a preferred glass mat for use in the practice of the present invention.
Continuous length board is made from the above gypsum slurry and glass fiber mat on a conventional wallboard machine. The viscosity of the gypsum slurry and the porosity of the glass fiber mat are such that the surfaces of both glass fiber mats which form the facings of the board are substantially free of set gypsum, with portions of set gypsum of the core penetrating about 50% of the thickness of the overlying mat.
Prior to the cutting and the drying of the board and when the gypsum has set completely, there is sprayed onto the surface of the overlying glass mat an aqueous dispersion of UNOCAL 76 RES 2302 latex that is diluted with water from its normal 45% solids content to 10% solids. The aqueous dispersion of resin is sprayed onto the surface of the mat at 40 lbs./sq. inch pressure and at a rate of 0.4 gallon/minute as the conveyor belt carrying the gypsum board travels at a speed of 85 ft./min. Four 95°-angle spray tips are used to apply the resin dispersion uniformly to the glass mat, depositing thereon about 2.2 lbs. of resin per 1000 sq.ft. of mat (about 11 g of resin per square meter of mat). The resin penetrates about 50% of the thickness of the mat.
After application of the resin dispersion, the board is cut into 8 ft. lengths and thereafter the board segments are placed in an oven having a temperature of about 400° F. for about 30 mins. and until the board is almost dry, and then at 200° F. for about 15 mins. until it is dried completely. The density of the board is about 48 lbs./cu.ft.
For the purpose of evaluation, the dried board is rubbed by hand. The fibers of the treated mat are more resistant to removal than the fibers of untreated mat.
There is applied to the surface of the treated glass mat hot liquid asphalt having a temperature of about 400° F. The asphalt is allowed to cool and solidify into a solid film having a thickness of about 3/16 inch. The film is continuous and has no bubbles or voids. The same procedure is followed, except that hot liquid asphalt is poured onto the surface of an untreated mat. The solifified film has blisters and voids in it over about 40% of its surface.
In another evaluation, contact adhesive is applied to the surfaces of both treated and untreated glass mat facings of gypsum boards. The untreated mat soaks up the contact adhesive quickly. In contrast, the contact adhesive placed on the mat treated with the reinforcing resinous binder remains on the surface to a much greater extent. This is advantageous in that lower amounts of adhesive can be used and bond strength to overlying materials is improved.
Tensile strength tests have been conducted on gypsum board faced with a glass mat formed from glass fibers having a diameter of 16 microns. The tests included evaluation of untreated glass mat and glass mat treated with a reinforcing resinous binder (the resin of the aforementioned 76 RES 2302 latex) in an amount of about 11 g/square meter. Specimens of expanded polystyrene foam were adhered to the surfaces of the untreated and treated mats by a water-based acrylic adhesive. The bond between the foam and treated mat was about 25% stronger than the bond between the foam and the untreated mat.
In summary, it can be said that the present invention provides a unique, practical, and economical way to improve the properties of fibrous mat-faced gypsum board and to overcome or mitigate problems associated with the fibrous facing thereof, particularly glass type facing of the non-woven type. The reinforcing resinous binder functions to help keep intact fibers that otherwise tend to become air-borne as the board is handled and installed by the hammering of nails or with a screw gun. It functions also to protect the skin from being irritated by glass fibers which can be abrasive. It makes it possible to use such board effectively in built-up-roofing applications and it provides an improved surface for adhering thereto overlying structural elements.
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|Jaffee Alan Michael
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|442/71, 428/297.4, 428/294.7, 428/301.4, 428/297.1, 428/300.7
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|5 Ago 1998
Owner name: G-P GYPSUM CORPORATION, GEORGIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:GEORGIA-PACIFIC CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:009372/0806
Effective date: 19980611
|19 Sep 2000
|Certificate of correction
|18 Abr 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|23 Feb 2006
Owner name: CITICORP NORTH AMERICA, INC.,NEW YORK
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNORS:ASHLEY, DREW & NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY;BROWN BOARD HOLDING, INC.;CP&P, INC.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:017626/0205
Effective date: 20051223
|13 Feb 2007
Owner name: GEORGIA-PACIFIC GYPSUM LLC,GEORGIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:G-P GYPSUM CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:018883/0065
Effective date: 20061231
|2 May 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|13 Jun 2011
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|9 Nov 2011
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|27 Dic 2011
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20111109


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Morocco Jobs
Looking for jobs in Morocco? Snagajob has great opportunities with the area's leading companies. And applying for Morocco jobs has never been easier. Look at the job listings below, click on a job title that interests you and hit the "apply now" button. Part-time jobs, teen jobs, student jobs and summer jobs are now just a click away. Start your job search now.
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With No Rings Till The End Of The Year Star Wars saga has new secrets Drew Goddart opened 3 mysteries about Martian MORE ›
Lyrics/song texts are property and copyright of their owners and provided for educational purposes only.
Corpse for the Theft Lyrics by Caedere
Corpse for the Theft by Caedere
We are no gods, we are just mortal!
Shadows on the wall, they're about to take control.
Blinking of a knife, the divine strife.
Visions of a morbid dead, this corpse for the theft.
We are no gods, we are just mortal!
They will slay us with all their pleasure.
They will slay us without any sequence.
They will slay us when we're in their mind.
They will slay us when we're in their sight.
Ripping off the skin, massacre to deep within.
Caustic through the bowels, grasping as nothing less.
With the utmost exertion, slowly decapitation.
We are no gods, we are just
No chance, when they seek for a victim.
No hope, when they manage terror.
To late, evil is on your way.
So fear, as malediction arises.
[2x:] Corpse for the theft.
Decaying to bloody sludge.
Corpse for the theft.
Smash the limbs to smithereens.


text:
Families are invited to get together for a crafty Black History Month celebration. Join us for stories, songs, and crafts.
Reservations are required. Please register at (415) 355-2838 or online. Registration begins Saturday, February 15, 2014.
Come to the library, check out the show, get a library card, and enjoy some books!
Upcoming Events
- Natalie Baszile Book Talk and Discussion
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- Slavery: Ancient Greece and Rome vs. the American South
- Wednesday, October 14, 2015, 7:00 pmMerced, Merced General Floor Area
Current Exhibits
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- Through Sunday, November 15, 2015Main Library, African American Center


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