text:
'That's rap music,' Roc mogul tells MTV News of any subliminal lyrical jabs between him and the Young Money Captain.
By Steven Roberts, with reporting by Rob Markman
Jay-Z and Lil Wayne
Photo: Kevin Mazur/ WireImage and Kevin Winter/Getty Imag
NEW YORK — Jay-Z has a lot going on right now. The rap mogul is expecting his first child with his wife BeyoncRead also...
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text:
These Sonnet Love poems are examples of Sonnet poems about Love. These are the best examples of Sonnet Love poems written by international PoetrySoup poets
If you don't find the poem you want here, try our incredible, super duper, all-knowing, advanced poem search engine.
Avenge me not, for death has been a friend
and anger ill befits love's gentle wine.
All lovers true or not, must part, ascend:
rise, or fall, as life's trials their paths assign.
Still as bone, white as winter's snow my skin
by candle light, one can almost see inside.
My hair a gossamer halo, so thin,
my eyes, my blue eyes, still contain the tide.
I am your fair Persephone, your wife, bride,
and soon I will return to you Hades
to rise born on cherry blossom tides;
when in the earth, I can no longer bide.
Bless gentle Thanatos for his death sublime
and Hypnos, as in sleep, I do recline.
Copyright © Debbie Guzzi
Ocean breeze gently blowing that silky hair
Your seductive sway, sauntering over here
Those rich red ruby lips, soft, supple and sweet
Day dreaming of the time we'll forever meet
Those deep passionate eyes, batting at me
Gazing into my soul, looking to set me free
That pretty little smile, sprinkling angel dust
Giving to you all my heart, my head, my trust
That silky smooth skin glistening in the light
That first nervous hi, making things feel right
Your playful giggle, laughing at all my bad jokes
When you touch my arm, those precious strokes
One day you'll be mine and that time will be ours
Our hearts beating as one, our minds in the stars
Copyright © Tim Smith
Whilst I gaze so warmly in your eyes my dearest,
I see deeply your pure angelic soul of love
Reflecting like a radiant flight of a dove,
Charting its flight on so high emotions purest!
Our spirits ascend high in the sky so clearest
To the very boundaries of Heaven my love,
Where the power of brightness is God's best above.
Your look of precious love is always mine dearest!
When we kiss so passionately our lips so melt,
As we caress warmly emotions are so felt!
Why we do this darling defines our love so dear,
As counts the worth of angels' blessings to be here!
How we love each other so matters on God's Earth,
Your look of so precious love exceeds all gold's worth!
Gary Bateman, Copyright © All Rights Reserved, December 05, 2014
(Petrarchan Sonnet poetic format in Iambic Hexameter)
Copyright © Gary Bateman
A lone moth flits around my front porch light
as wind blows through my window, luring me
to step outside into black velvet's night.
I search the sky, but no moon can I see.
It seems it's disappeared, just like my love.
The moaning wind plays havoc with my hair
as that old bulb sways crazily above.
In solitude, I simply stand and stare
at the fool insect! How can it not know
the falseness of the light that it's drawn to?
fluorescent doom replaces moon's sweet glow.
I know this well because in losing you
I lost love's gleam; I lost my everything,
and still that silly moth is fluttering. . .
Copyright © Andrea Dietrich
Like violets were her eyes when first I spied
the lady with a sweet child's face who peeked
at me from bushes that she stood beside,
alluring Lilah, beaming, apple-cheeked!
And so it was that more and more I found
myself among the lilacs in that place
where first we'd met, that I might hear the sound
of Lilah's laugh and glimpse her angel's face.
On fragrant garden paths we knew the thrill
of blossoming affection. Poetry
was time we spent! But when my love fell ill,
the autumn of our bliss was not to be. . .
I visit Lilah now where she's at rest
nearby the lilac blooms she liked the best.
By Andrea Dietrich
For the Women's Only Poetry Contest of Kelly Deschler
You're sleeping soundly, but I'm left on fire
Engulfed by flames of burning hot desire
I yearn for you, and in my heart's an ache
For I must wait till sun kissed, you awake
I think of you, so full of every grace
You're angel bearings show upon your face
The strength of virile man is in your stance
It makes the heart in me just want to dance
To know that you are mine is sweetest treat
It makes me want each day anew to greet
The joy of losing self there in your eyes
Gives me the wings I need to take to skies
You give me strength; you give me love that's true
My world is epic all because of you
For Gautami Phookan's Contest- I think of You
February 17, 2015
Copyright © Eileen Manassian
A, b, c, d, e, f, g
Won't you come and smile with me
Its so easy to be happy
So smile now, make it snappy!
Twinkle twinkle little star
Yummy, yummy chocolate bar
It will make you happy for a while
Its so sweet it makes you smile
When the day is going bad
Little girl, please don't be sad
Being happy is the best est thing
So, be loud and sing, sing, sing
Mama is always there to give you a cuddle
To bring you joy, like jumping into a puddle
Casarah Nance E is for emotion contest
14 September 2015
Especially for her little girl :)
Copyright © Silent One
Shine, Mediterranean Selene
unique goddess of this dark life
glow with pride and forget the strife
all my nights are lonely and serene.
I'm yours, only yours, pure and clean
and although your distrust is rife
soon, so soon... you'll become my wife
believe these words of sacred mien.
Do not let envy plant those seeds
of fear, of jealousy and spite
from the demons come those breeds
whose gossip and lies seek our fight
They're who expect your heart concedes
to steal what lives just for your light.
Copyright © Ruben O.
My love is like a worker's gloves grown old.
His hands are leather, roughened now with age
and years of work in weather hot and cold,
yet through the many years, he has grown sage. . .
My love is like a builder's pair of boots.
He's dusty and fatigued and still he walks
while trailing mud, but now his attributes
shine through despite life's many stumbling blocks.
My love is like a pair of jeans much worn,
a pair of socks with holes that have stayed warm.
Though time and all the trials he has borne
have left him frayed, he wishes no one harm.
To write a beaming sonnet would not do,
but threadbare love (in some ways) bests the new.
For PD's "first love poem~ (on the soup) Poetry Contest"
Written about a month after I came to Soup in the new year
of 2010!
He held me through the maelstrom of my heart
strong arms of comfort, chest of solid might
with soothing touch the healing he did start
he brought the rays of sun to warm my night
the whispers in my ear were tender, sweet
they breathed into my soul his courage fierce
he vanquished all the cold with flaming heat
and placed his balm on wounds that lies did pierce
my heart he touched and made to beat once more
my eyes he kissed with truth, and I could see
On lips his love with kisses he did pour
he arms a haven that was meant to be
To him who loves me with such constant care
my dreams, my soul and body I will bare
Looking out in the setting sun
I'm blinded by the glare abound
Distracted by the smoke and noise
Barely able to hear a sound
As the welkin turns to dark from light
Stars shine bright in the night time skies
I wonder do you see them too
Sparkling brightly in your deep eyes
In the wind I can hear your voice
Blowing across the vast blue sea
Speaking so softly in my ear
Whispering come and rescue me
Wishing upon the stars up high
My love for you will sooth your cry
Locked up, shackled, tied down and chained
Feeling empty, exhausted, used up and drained
Your heart unsettled with its flickering flame
Probing for answers in life's little game
I hear your cries echoing into the dark night
I could tell you everything will be alright
I feel your big lonely heart splitting apart
I could say I'll give your heart a fresh start
I hear your words begging to stop the blues
I could say I will be your knight and rescue you
I hear the tremble in your voice when you speak
I could tell you I'd hug you and kiss your cheek
These eyes don't lie, I'll probably never be with you
My tears fall knowing there is nothing more I can do
The day I left Madrid, I waved goodbye
to someone dear to me. I still can see
his dark brown eyes that could not tell a lie,
those same eyes I'd beheld so tenderly
each day when he would show up at my door.
Where is my friend Eduardo, whom I left
behind so long ago and never more
would see again? I know he was bereft
from letters that he sent, and I replied
that we would meet again. I could not know
how wrong I was or if he ever cried
for me. How easily I let him go!
How innocent and beautiful was he!
Unbearable the beauty of my memory.
For the Soulful Words Poetry Contest of Kim Morrison
The give and take in love should reach a mean
Whereby the two be equally disbursed,
So givers' hearts would never suffer lean,
Cold hungry hours without love reimbursed.
And those who take would never reach the stage
Of ravenous and selfish, one-way traits.
Such balance would create a better age,
If give and take maintained their equal weights.
But somehow this could never balance out—
For givers give beyond the gifts they bear;
In turn, must feed on crumbs, for without doubt
The hungry takers take beyond their share.
While takers tip the scale with all they gain,
The givers, weak and thin, smile through their pain.
© Sandra M. Haight 2015
All Rights Reserved
Honorable Mention
Contest: Love Justice
Sponsor: Justin Bordner
Judged: 01/24/2015
Copyright © Sandra Haight
If love could have a color, I suppose
it wouldn't be just any common shade.
I'd name it for the colors of the rose.
In heaven's hues this flower is arrayed!
From chaste love's hush of pink to heady rush
that's shown by cardinal or crimson red,
the rose reveals the grades of ardor's blush
unto the time it's thought that passion's fled.
But in the tint of amaranth, the fire
endures; in purple deep it can transcend,
while yellow blooms in bliss that does not tire,
and white's fidelity will have no end.
Though black the bud, a red will grow thereof.
By any other name, the rose is love.
For the ROSES ROSES ROSES Poetry Contest of Mystic Rose
For PD's any rose will do. ....... (poems of roses contest) old only.... Poetry Contest
Sunshine peering through the skies of grey
Wishing for another perfect summer day
The scent of jasmine lingering in the crisp air
Soon all this beauty we will be able to share
You came into my lonely life at the perfect time
Giving much meaning to my silly little rhymes
Thirty more days and the two of us become one
The future's before us, our journey has just begun
The way you give me a smile, when my days are blue
The way you finish my words, like you already knew
The way you dance when the band plays our song
The way things always are better, nothing ever wrong
I love you my darling , from the depths of my soul
Your the perfect companion, you make me whole
Do you know what it feels like
The moment when love strikes
Did you feel the beat of my heart
Did you love me from the start
The days of walks in the park
The slow dances in the dark
The passionate kisses you gave
Faithfully to you, I was a slave
I looked at you and saw paradise
I was in your trance, hypnotized
When all your breath was lost
Then did our love start to frost
I gave to you all my love, so freely
When you remember me, think kindly
Featuring:) Giorgio Veneto
She writes about Fall's beauty in the rain
The falling raindrops' dance ascribing thence
Bespoken verse that lightens her refrain
before the time they met - her steps commence.
She listens to the soft and rhythmic thrum,
her love turned to escape and cloudy string
Where nimbus mistletoe fell, tears to become
Their kiss of Autumn was symbolic ring.
The first light cotton mists with summer rays
While skyward cheerful laughs adorn the land,
their ceremonial dance diffuses grays,
affectionate embrace, where dreams expand.
Upon September's sky the raindrops gleam
With half of hidden Sun to laugh and beam.
Enjoy the FRAGRANCE OF RAIN
~A Poet Destroyer Collaboration~
Copyright © Poet Destroyer A
Shakespearean Sonnet
I remember the day I picked you,
With your sweet little puppy dog eyes.
For my heart was searching for love too,
When I looked down and heard your soft cries.
Your brothers and sisters were running,
They were after a fallen clothes peg,
But there was a puppy so stunning
Trying hard to get up on my leg.
Four years it has been since that moment
And I thank God daily for his gift
Each day you give me such enjoyment
Your love has given my heart a lift.
Today I know as clear as can be,
I didn't pick you; rather you picked me.
Written by Brenda Meier-Hans
Sponsor Shadow Hamilton
Contest: Pets
Copyright © Brenda Meier-Hans
Again she sees those vibrant sleeves of green
And hears those gentle whispers and soft sighs
Alone beneath a willow lost in dreams
An old woman reflects through misty eyes
To see her now so deeply scarred by time
A beauty once now buried in the folds
Upon that road of passion left behind
The bitter price she paid for growing old
The park where they first met is much the same
Where those two hearts she sees again entwined
Engraved upon the stone that bears his name
Upon her soul forever in her mind
A barren stone awaits her by his side
Beneath those gentle whispers and soft sighs
Author: Elaine Cecelia George, of Canada
Author's note:
The title is from a quote of Shakespear which
inspired this sonnet.
Copyright © Elaine George
I stand here by the lakeshore, and I smell
fresh honeysuckle as I kiss the rain.
A memory that I cannot curtail
wafts bitter sweetly to me, and again
it's May. . . the night you came to me by moonlight.
The air was permeated by perfume
from blossoms colored innocently white.
But now it's summer; yellow is each bloom.
When plump upon the vines, sweet berries, red,
will be swooped up by birds and carried away.
I stoop to touch a stem. How soon has fled
my flowered youth, and now this day chilled grey,
I bow in downpour like the vines bent low
while raindrops turn to tears and - glistening - flow.
For the Contest of Gail Doyle
In twilight, old songs you're softly humming.
Silken smiles enliven your lovely face,
beguiling my presence still, becoming
in all your ways, sweet gift of heaven's grace.
Deep your eyes, beheld above the stillness
of mystic mien, dismissing every voice.
Caresses known in sadness and in illness,
a bounty cherished, if you make the choice.
Alluringly, you draw the bedroom curtain
and sing in softest voice of violins.
Of languid looks and outcome certain,
as old as Eve, the ancient dance begins.
Sway, your heated honey scent of passion
and poise, anticipating kiss conceived,
shall return my longing, in your fashion
and make my life ten times a joy perceived.
My love grows great to see your form advance
and weave with siren song the ancient dance.
Copyright © Roy Jerden
Your dad, a Dachshund once stuck in Chihuahua.
The best of both in you, with that expectant
Confusing carpets for the lawn enigma.
I know….the raining….getting wet….you can't.
As coldness chills the room, a sheet for you.
The perfect tucking of in, but you moved!
I ponder, just how crazy is my Boo?
The sheet's thread count too low to be approved?
Your dance in circles, spinning on the floor.
Rewards and treasures known upon the racks.
Induced by meals and that one pantry door.
In such a fury, choking on the snacks.
I know what God's book says, I've searched it whole.
But still, I hope you have a little soul.
Copyright © rob carmack
Your kiss is so rapturous my great love;
Your red lips are like red rubies precious;
A love quite special in Heaven above;
And ever no doubt much and more precious.
I know my emotions soar very high;
Your thoughts always pervade my thoughts so true;
You shall never have to ask when and why;
We share our love passion so very true.
Your kiss will always be my special bliss;
Your touch and caress so gentle so warm;
Our eyes gaze softly as we move to kiss;
And our love will be so sweet and so warm.
And by all on Earth I value so much,
Nothing compares with your kiss and your touch!
Gary Bateman, Copyright © All Rights Reserved,
(October 14, 2014) (Shakespearean Sonnet)
Above a cloud, in soundless, still tumescence,
a goddess rests; below her is the sea.
A strip of it is rippling luminescence,
a path of light in night's serenity.
A solitary boat now passes through
the lane of radiance. One man regards
the sky and ocean, both a cobalt blue,
and ponders inspiration of the bards.
For what could man want more than such as this -
-the tranquilness of dark in Luna's glow!
At times he longs to taste a woman's kiss
though he embraced this life so long ago. . .
His gaze is fixed on her who shines above.
He chose the sea. . . and moon became his love.
For PD's
the moon- old/new poemsPoetry Contest
Oh, summer sun, all winter I have missed
your stale hot breath upon my upturned face;
your tongue that seers my flesh as I unlace
the strings on my bikini. I am kissed
by sultry lips that burn. I can't resist!
I bask in light of day, and I embrace
Your penetrating rays that find each space
of skin exposed. I wait and plan my tryst.
And when you come, I'll reverence you once more,
supine, as you would have me, to receive
your torrid touch as token of your lust.
In June we'll meet as always by the lakeshore.
I should not go. So well you can deceive.
Some lovers you have killed! Yet still I trust. . .
*For A Rambling Poet's Scavenger Hunt Contest
This poem emulates the lovely haiku called
"dappled sun," (6/9) and also it is a love poem
for summer much like Constance's Senryu
"Winter Love" is her love affair with winter.
My love for you I carry in my heart
A growing ache, albeit tender, sweet
For from my body you are miles apart
My words like tender kisses sent to greet
Each letter and each thought with love is tied
Poetic lines immersed in passion's hue
The secrets of your heart in them confide
My messengers of love sent out to you
Dear heart, be sure to read between the lines
At times a message stronger there you'll find
Wild fantasies encrypted in these signs
My paradise you'll enter with your mind
Who dares to doubt the written face of love
Has never flown on words to heights above
For Heather Ober's Favorite Forms Contest
I shall nay know all the wonders - you hold
For all too soon the winds of winter blow
Scarlet petals withering in the snow
How cruel the breath that kills the velvet rose
Tears - that canst' bear the thought of letting go
Forever frozen in this empty soul
A broken heart forever turned to stone
A broken stem left now to stand alone
Alas! I find that life is bitter-sweet
As I stand holding only memories
Of a rose blooming in the summer breeze
Here beneath this old weeping willow tree
Once I held the sweetest rose - ever born
Now – in my grief – I hold the bitter thorn.
Author: Elaine George
As precious stones are hidden and entwined
In minerals of ordinary worth,
They must be found, professionally mined
From common, rocky layers of the earth.
Extracted, polished, cut, they'll stand apart
As valued gems. Neglected, they will share
In earth's destructive force—erosion's art—
Dissolve away with nature's wear and tear.
Oh God, you are both mine and miner; strip
This soul embedded in your work of clay,
And let your tools of grace and fellowship
Preserve the gem of Love from life's decay.
Cut many facets that reflect and show—
The worth of gem and miner in its glow.
© Sandra M. Haight 2014
All Rights Reserved
~3rd Place~
Contest: Precious Stones and Gems
Sponsor: Anthony Slausen
Judged 11/22/2014
Shadow Puppets
Once, side by side, they walked the moonlit beach
In silence, each alone and incomplete
In separate worlds, joined only by the reach
Of tiny, lapping waves upon their feet.
As silver beams of moonlight iced the ground
And blotted out the warmth of sandy gold,
The warmth of humanness was hidden, bound
Beneath blind souls that shivered in the cold.
Yet on the sand their shadows danced along—
A silhouetted couple synchronized
In motion…forms united, clear and strong
Against the blankness which the moon devised.
Dark, shadow puppets sparked a guiding light—
Gave living souls new vision in the night.
© Sandra M. Haight 2014
All Rights Reserved
~3rd Place~
Contest: Puppets
Sponsor: John Lawless
Judged 12/27/2014

subset: commoncrawl


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The Federal Trade Commission will hold a conference on January 14, 2016 to bring together a diverse group of stakeholders, including whitehat researchers, academics, industry representatives, consumer advocates, and a range of government regulators, to discuss the latest research and...
Debt Collection Dialogue: A conversation between government and business
The Federal Trade Commission will host the third of its Debt Collection Dialogues in Atlanta, GA, on November 18, 2015. The FTC held the first Dialogue in Buffalo, NY, on June 15. The second will be held in Dallas, TX, on September 29.
Debt Collection Dialogue: A conversation between government and business
The Federal Trade Commission will host the second of its Debt Collection Dialogues in Dallas, TX, on September 29, 2015. The FTC held the first Dialogue in Buffalo, NY, on June 15. The third will be held in Atlanta, GA, on November 18. NOTE: The Dallas Dialogue has been moved and...
Start with Security - Austin
The FTC's second "Start With Security" event will take place on November 5, 2015, in Austin, Texas, and will be co-sponsored by the University of Texas Robert S. Strauss Center and the Center for Identity.
Start with Security - San Francisco
The FTC's first "Start With Security" conference is scheduled for September 9, 2015, in San Francisco, and is co-sponsored by the University of California Hastings College of the Law. It is part of a business education initiative designed to provide companies with practical resources...
The "Sharing" Economy: Issues Facing Platforms, Participants, and Regulators
The Federal Trade Commission held a workshop to explore issues relating to emerging internet peer-to-peer platforms—often called the "sharing" economy—and the economic activity these platforms facilitate. The workshop examined competition, consumer protection, and economic issues...
Spotting and Avoiding Scams in Our Communities
New America Media & the Federal Trade Commission invite you to an ethnic media news briefing:
Robocalls Twitter Chat
Have questions about the FTC's challenges? Join our Twitter Chat to ask staff! Patty Hsue from the Bureau of Consumer Protection will be available for 60 minutes to answer your questions about DetectaRobo and Robocalls: Humanity Strikes Back.Follow @FTC and use the hashtag #...
Colorado Common Ground Conference: Working Together to Protect Colorado Consumers
The Federal Trade Commission and the Colorado Attorney General's Office will host the Colorado Common Ground Conference: Working Together to Protect Colorado Consumers. The conference will be on Friday, April 24, from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. in the Ralph L. Carr Colorado Judicial...
Cross Device Tracking
Not long ago, consumers accessed the Internet primarily through the browser on their desktop or laptop PC. While the PC remains a fixture for many, today's typical consumer relies on a variety of different connected devices to navigate their daily lives. Examples include consulting...
Detroit Common Ground Conference
The Federal Trade Commission brought together local, state, and federal agencies, along with legal services attorneys and other consumer advocates for a full-day meeting. The morning was a closed meeting for law enforcement partners serving Michigan; the afternoon was a public...
National Consumer Protection Week 2015 Twitter Chat
The FTC will host a Twitter chat on the topic of Imposter Scams, in conjunction with National Consumer Protection Week 2015. Follow @FTC to track the conversation and tweet #NCPW2015 to join us/ask questions. Please see FTC Twitter chats to learn more about how our chats work...
Twitter Chat on the Internet of Things
FTC staff hosted a Twitter chat to discuss the new Internet of Things report, using #FTCIoT. Staff answered questions for 60 minutes. See the Transcript.
National Consumer Protection Week 2015
Every year, National Consumer Protection Week (NCPW) encourages people and businesses to learn more about avoiding scams and understanding consumer rights. NCPW highlights free resources from government agencies and consumer organizations to help people make smarter buying decisions...
Tax Identity Theft Awareness Week
The Federal Trade Commission will conduct a week of events Jan. 26-30 to raise consumer awareness about the threat posed by tax identity theft, a scam that puts thousands of consumers at risk every year. This year's Tax Identity Theft Awareness Week will include:
Tax Identity Theft Awareness Week Twitter Chat
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Jan 9, 2001
|Filing date
|Jun 27, 1997
|Priority date
|Jul 4, 1996
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Lucas Goovaerts, Liben Hailu
|Original Assignee
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (3), Classifications (9), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to a process for making a granular detergent component or composition.
Manufacturing processes are known wherein granular detergent products are made by forming a neutral or alkaline paste comprising at least 40% by weight of anionic surfactant; and mixing the high viscosity paste so-formed with builder powders wherein the ratio of high viscosity paste to builder powder is from 9:1 to 1:5 to form the granular detergent component or composition. Such processes are commonly called agglomeration processes
EP-A-0 663 439, published on Jul. 19, 1995, and EP-A-0 508 543, published on Oct. 14, 1992, both describe enhanced embodiments of agglomeration processes which includes a process of surfactant paste conditioning in, for example, a twin-screw extruder, followed by granulation in a high shear mixer.
EP-A-0 508 543 mentions the possibility to add anionic surfactant into the process via a powder stream. However it is not specified whether this powder stream is added into the extruder, or into the high-shear mixer. Neither of these publications describes the use of dry alkyl sulphate powder in the conditioning step.
The object of the present invention is to provide an effective process for conditioning pastes comprising at least 40% by weight of anionic surfactant. The conditioning agent disrupts surfactant crystallinity, and also increases the viscoelasticity of the paste. The crystalline disruption improves rate of surfactant solubility, whilst the viscoelasticity increase "conditions" the paste enabling agglomerates with high surfactant activity to be formed. The paste is processed into agglomerates by granulating with builder powders wherein the ratio of high viscosity paste to builder powder is from 9:1 to 1:5.
The object is achieved by mixing a first powder with the surfactant paste in a ratio of at least 1 part powder to 100 parts paste, the first powder comprising at least 80% by weight of alkyl sulphate, and whereby the mixing step increases the viscosity of the surfactant paste.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, alkyl sulphate powder, comprising less than 5% by weight of water, is mixed with other surfactants in the paste in an extruder. In an even more preferred embodiment of the invention the paste and alkyl sulphate powder mixture is carried out sequentially in a high-shear mixer granulator having a tool tip-speed of from 5 to 50 m/sec, and a medium speed agglomerator.
Most preferred builder powders are carbonate, aluminosilicate and silicate.
The present invention concerns conditioning of anionic surfactant in an aqueous, highly concentrated solution of its salt, preferably its sodium salt. These high active, low moisture surfactant pastes are of a high viscosity but remain pumpable at temperatures at which the surfactants are stable. In other processes, anionic surfactants or mixtures comprising at least one anionic surfactant, where highly viscous liquid crystal phases occur, requires that either lower viscous crystal phases be formed or that some viscosity modifiers are used. This requires expensive additives, and prevents high surfactant activities from being achieved.
Conditioning of a paste means the modifying of its physical characteristics to form higher active, less sticky agglomerates which are not easily obtainable under normal operating conditions. Conditioning of the paste as defined herein, means: a) increasing its apparent viscosity, b) increasing its effective melting point, c) increasing the "hardness" of the paste. The hardness/softness of the paste may be measured by a softness penetrometer according to ASTM D 217-IP50 or ISO 2137. The hardness of conditioned paste measured in this way should be less than 2cm, preferably less than 1cm.
Chemical conditioning agents are compounds that alter the physical structure and/or physical characteristics of the surfactant paste when added to the paste. In the present invention the chemical conditioning agent is alkyl sulphate in powdered form. It has been found that the addition to the surfactant paste reduces the stickiness of the paste, increases its viscosity and increases its softening point. This allows for more paste to be added during the agglomeration process thus leading to higher active agglomerates, preferably between 40% and 60%, more preferably greater than 50%. This method of treating the surfactant paste can be performed batchwise and continuous, preferably continuously.
Alkyl sulphate powder is defined herein as any free-flowing powder, flakes, noodles or needles which comprises at least 80% by weight of alkyl sulphate. Useful powders are commercially available from Albright & Wilson, Hickson Manro and Sidobre Sinnova. Alternatively suitable powders may be prepared by sulphating an alcohol, followed by neutralisation with, for example aqueous sodium hydroxide, then drying in a suitable spray drying tower, wiped film evaporator or suitable dryer. Dry neutralisation methods may also be used, neutralising alkyl sulphuric acid with, for example powdered sodium carbonate.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention an extruder is used to condition the paste. The extruder is a versatile piece of equipment which enables two or more pastes and the alkyl sulphate powder to be mixed
Process aids may also be used. Preferred process aids which may be mixed with the surfactant paste are starch, soap, fatty acids and polymers. Process aids and surfactant paste may be mixed prior to the extruder in, for example, a high shear mixer; or in the extruder itself.
One or various aqueous pastes of the salts of anionic surfactants is preferred for use in the present invention, preferably the sodium salt of the anionic surfactant. In a preferred embodiment, the anionic surfactant is preferably as concentrated as possible, (that is, with the lowest possible moisture content that allows it to flow in the manner of a liquid) so that it can be pumped at temperatures at which it remains stable. While granulation using various pure or mixed surfactants is known, for the present invention to be of practical use in industry and to result in particles of adequate physical properties to be incorporated into granular detergents, an anionic surfactant must be part of the paste in a concentration of above 40%, preferably from 40-95%.
It is preferred that the moisture in the surfactant aqueous paste is as low as possible, while maintaining paste fluidity, since low moisture leads to a higher concentration of the surfactant in the finished particle. Preferably the paste contains between 5 and 40% water, more preferably between 5 and 30% water and most preferably between 5% and 20% water.
It is preferable to use high active surfactant pastes to minimize the total water level in the system during mixing, granulating and drying. Lower water levels allow for: (1) a higher active surfactant to builder ratio, e.g., 1:1; (2) higher levels of other liquids in the formula without causing dough or granular stickiness; (3) less cooling, due to higher allowable granulation temperatures; and (4) less granular drying to meet final moisture limits.
Two important parameters of the surfactant pastes which can affect the mixing and granulation step are the paste temperature and viscosity. Viscosity is a function, among others, of concentration and temperature, with a range in this application from about 5,000 cps to 10,000,000 cps. Preferably, the viscosity of the paste entering the system is from about 20,000 to about 100,000 cps. and more preferably from about 30,000 to about 70,000 cps. The viscosity of the paste of this invention is measured at a temperature of 70� C.
The paste can be introduced into the mixer at an initial temperature between its softening point (generally in the range of 40-60� C) and its degradation point (depending on the chemical nature of the paste, e.g. alkyl sulphate pastes tend to degrade above 75-85� C.). High temperatures reduce viscosity simplifying the pumping of the paste but result in lower active agglomerates. In the present invention, the activity of the agglomerates is maintained high due to the elimination of moisture.
The introduction of the paste into the mixer can be done in many ways, from simply pouring to high pressure pumping through small holes at the end of the pipe, before the entrance to the mixer. While all these ways are viable to manufacture agglomerates with good physical properties, it has been found that in a preferred embodiment of the present invention the extrusion of the paste results in a better distribution in the mixer which improves the yield of particles with the desired size. The use of high pumping pressures prior to the entrance in the mixer results in an increased activity in the final agglomerates. By combining both effects, and introducing the paste through holes (extrusion) small enough to allow the desired flow rate but that keep the pumping pressure to a maximum feasible in the system, highly advantageous results are achieved.
The activity of the aqueous surfactant paste is at least 40% and can go up to about 95%; preferred activities are: 50-80% and 65-75%. The balance of the paste is primarily water but can include a processing aid such as a nonionic surfactant. At the higher active concentrations, little or no builder is required for cold granulation of the paste. The resultant concentrated surfactant granules can be added to dry builders or powders or used in conventional agglomeration operations. The aqueous surfactant paste contains an organic surfactant selected from the group consisting of anionic, zwitterionic, ampholytic and cationic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Anionic surfactants are preferred. Nonionic surfactants are used as secondary surfactants or processing aids and are not included herein as an "active" surfactant. Surfactants useful herein are listed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,664,961, Norris, issued May 23, 1972, and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,919,678, Laughlin et al., issued Dec. 30, 1975. Useful cationic surfactants also include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,222,905, Cockrell, issued Sep. 16, 1980, and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,239,659, Murphy, issued Dec. 16, 1980. However, cationic surfactants are generally less compatible with the aluminosilicate materials herein, and thus are preferably used at low levels, if at all, in the present compositions. The following are representative examples of surfactants useful in the present compositions.
Water-soluble salts of the higher fatty acids, i.e., "soaps", are useful anionic surfactants in the compositions herein. This includes alkali metal soaps such as the sodium, potassium, ammonium, and alkylammonium salts of higher fatty acids containing from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and preferably from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms. Soaps can be made by direct saponification of fats and oils or by the neutralization of free fatty acids. Particularly useful are the sodium and potassium salts of the mixtures of fatty acids derived from coconut oil and tallow, i.e., sodium or potassium tallow and coconut soap.
Useful anionic surfactants also include the water-soluble salts, preferably the alkali metal, ammonium and alkylolammonium salts, of organic sulfuric reaction products having in their molecular structure an alkyl group containing from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms and a sulfonic acid or sulfuric acid ester group. (Included in the term "alkyl" is the alkyl portion of acyl groups.) Examples of this group of synthetic surfactants are the sodium and potassium alkyl sulfates, especially those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (C8-C18 carbon atoms) such as those produced by reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; and the sodium and potassium alkyl benzene sulfonates in which the alkyl group contains from about 9 to about 15 carbon atoms, in straight or branched chain configuration, e.g., those of the type described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,220,099 and 2,477,383. Especially valuable are linear straight chain alkyl benzene sulfonates in which the average number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is from about 11 to 13, abbreviated as C11-C13 LAS.
Other anionic surfactants herein are the sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, especially those ethers of higher alcohols derived from tallow and coconut oil; sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfonates and sulfates; sodium or potassium salts of alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates containing from about 1 to about 10 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and wherein the alkyl groups contain from about 8 to about 12 carbon atoms; and sodium or potassium salts of alkyl ethylene oxide ether sulfates containing from about 1 to about 10 units of ethylene oxide per molecule and wherein the alkyl group contains from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms.
Other useful anionic surfactants herein include the water-soluble salts of esters of alpha-sulfonated fatty acids containing from about 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid group and from about 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the ester group; water-soluble salts of 2-acyloxy-alkane-1-sulfonic acids containing from about 2 to 9 carbon atoms in the acyl group and from about 9 to about 23 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety; alkyl ether sulfates containing from about 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from about 1 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide; watersoluble salts of olefin sulfonates containing from about 12 to 24 carbon atoms; and beta-alkyloxy alkane sulfonates containing from about 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms in the alkane moiety. Although the acid salts are typically discussed and used, the acid neutralization cam be performed as part of the fine dispersion mixing step.
The preferred anionic surfactant pastes are mixtures of linear or branched alkylbenzene sulfonates having an alkyl of 10-16 carbon atoms and alkyl sulfates having an alkyl of 10-18 carbon atoms. These pastes are usually produced by reacting a liquid organic material with sulfur trioxide to produce a sulfonic or sulfuric acid and then neutralizing the acid to produce a salt of that acid. The salt is the surfactant paste discussed throughout this document. The sodium salt is preferred due to end performance benefits and cost of NaOH vs. other neutralizing agents, but is not required as other agents such as KOH may be used.
Water-soluble nonionic surfactants are also useful as secondary surfactant in the compositions of the invention. Indeed, preferred processes use anionic/nonionic blends. A particularly preferred paste comprises a blend of nonionic and anionic surfactants having a ratio of from about 0.01:1 to about 1:1, more preferably about 0.05:1. Nonionics can be used up to an equal amount of the primary organic surfactant. Such nonionic materials include compounds produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound, which may be aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in nature. The length of the polyoxyalkylene group which is condensed with any particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.
Suitable nonionic surfactants include the polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, e.g., the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to 16 carbon atoms, in either a straight chain or branched chain configuration, with from about 4 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol.
Preferred nonionics are the water-soluble condensation products of aliphatic alcohols containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, in either straight chain or branched configuration, with from 4 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per more of alcohol. Particularly preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from about 9 to 15 carbon atoms with from about 4 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol; and condensation products of propylene glycol with ethylene oxide.
Semi-polar nonionic surfactants include water-soluble amine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; water-soluble phosphine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of about 10 to 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and water-soluble sulfoxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to 18 carbon atoms and a moiety selected from the group consisting of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl moieties of from about 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
Ampholytic surfactants include derivatives of aliphatic or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic moiety can be either straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one aliphatic substituent contains an anionic water-solubilizing group.
Zwitterionic surfactants include derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds in which one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
Particularly preferred surfactants herein include linear alkylbenzene sulfonates containing from about 11 to 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; tallow alkyl sulfates; coconutalkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates; alkyl ether sulfates wherein the alkyl moiety contains from about 14 to 18 carbon atoms and wherein the average degree of ethoxylation is from about 1 to 4; olefin or paraffin sulfonates containing from about 14 to 16 carbon atoms; alkyldimethylamine oxides wherein the alkyl group contains from about 11 to 16 carbon atoms; alkyldimethylammonio propane sulfonates and alkyldimethylammonio hydroxy propane sulfonates wherein the alkyl group contains from about 14 to 18 carbon atoms; soaps of higher fatty acids containing from about 12 to 18 carbon atoms; condensation products of C9-C15 alcohols with from about 3 to 8 moles of ethylene oxide, and mixtures thereof.
Useful cationic surfactants include. Useful cationic surfactants include water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds of the form R4R5R6R7N+X−, wherein R4 is alkyl having from 10 to 20, preferably from 12-18 carbon atoms, and R5, R6 and R7 are each C1, to C7 alkyl preferably methyl; X−is an anion, e.g. chloride. Examples of such trimethyl ammonium compounds include C12-14 alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and cocalkyl trimethyl ammonium methosulfate.
Specific preferred surfactants for use herein include: sodium linear C11-C13 alkylbenzene sulfonate; α-olefin sulphonates; triethanolammonium C11-C13 alkylbenzene sulfonate; alkyl sulfates, (tallow, coconut, palm, synthetic origins, e.g. C45, etc.); sodium alkyl sulfates; MES; sodium coconut alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate; the sodium salt of a sulfated condensation product of a tallow alcohol with about 4 moles of ethylene oxide; the condensation product of a coconut fatty alcohol with about 6 moles of ethylene oxide; the condensation product of tallow fatty alcohol with about 11 moles of ethylene oxide; the condensation of a fatty alcohol containing from about 14 to about 15 carbon atoms with about 7 moles of ethylene oxide; the condensation product of a C12-C13 fatty alcohol with about 3 moles of ethylene oxide; 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-coconutalkylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate; 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-coconutalkylammonio)-propane-1-sulfonate; 6- (N-dodecylbenzyl-N,N-dimethylammonio) hexanoate; dodecyldimethylamine oxide; coconutalkyldimethylamine oxide; and the water-soluble sodium and potassium salts of coconut and tallow fatty acids.
(As used herein, the term "surfactant" means non-nonionic surfactants, unless otherwise specified. The ratio of the surfactant active (excluding the nonionic(s)) to dry detergent builder or powder ranges from 0.005 to 19:1, preferably from 0.05 to 10:1, and more preferably from 0.1:1 to 5:1. Even more preferred said surfactant active to builder ratios are 0.15:1 to 1:1; and 0.2:1 to 0.5:1).
The extruder fulfils the functions of pumping and mixing the viscous surfactant paste on a continuous basis. A basic extruder consists of a barrel with a smooth inner cylindrical surface. Mounted within this barrel is the extruder screw. There is an inlet port for the high active paste which, when the screw is rotated, causes the paste to be moved along the length of the barrel. The detailed design of the extruder allows various functions to be carried out. Firstly additional ports in the barrel may allow other ingredients, including the alkyl sulphate powder to be added directly into the barrel. Secondly means for heating or cooling may be installed in the wall of the barrel for temperature control. Thirdly, careful design of the extruder screw promotes mixing of the paste both with itself and with other additives. A preferred extruder is the twin screw extruder. This type of extruder has two screws mounted in parallel within the same barrel, which are made to rotate either in the same direction (co-rotation) or in opposite directions (counter-rotation). The co-rotating twin screw extruder is the most preferred piece of equipment for use in this invention.
Suitable twin screw extruders for use in the present invention include those supplied by : APV Bakes, (CP series); Werner and Pfleiderer, (Continua Series); Wenger, (TF Series); Leistritz, (ZSE Series); and Buss, (LR Series).
The term "fine dispersion mixing and/or granulation," as used herein, means mixing and/or granulation of the above mixture in a fine dispersion mixer at a blade tip speed of from about 5m/sec. to about 50 m/sec., unless otherwise specified. The total residence time of the mixing and granulation process is preferably in the order of from 0.1 to 10 minutes, more preferably 0.1-5 and most preferably 0.2-4 minutes. The more preferred mixing and granulation tip speeds are about 10-45 m/sec. and about 15-40 m/sec.
Any apparatus, plants or units suitable for the processing of surfactants can be used for carrying out the process according to the invention. Suitable apparatus includes, for example, falling film sulphonating reactors, digestion tanks, esterification reactors, etc. For mixing/agglomeration any of a number of mixers/agglomerators can be used. In one preferred embodiment, the process of the invention is continuously carried out. Especially preferred are mixers of the FukaeR FS-G series manufactured by Fukae Powtech Kogyo Co., Japan; this apparatus is essentially in the form of a bowl-shaped vessel accessible via a top port, provided near its base with a stirrer having a substantially vertical axis, and a cutter positioned on a side wall. The stirrer and cutter may be operated independently of one another and at separately variable speeds. The vessel can be fitted with a cooling jacket or, if necessary, a cryogenic unit.
Other similar mixers found to be suitable for use in the process of the invention inlcude DiosnaR V series ex Dierks & S�hne, Germany; and the Pharma MatrixR ex T K Fielder Ltd., England. Other mixers believed to be suitable for use in the process of the invention are the FujiR VG-C series ex Fuji Sangyo Co., Japan; and the RotoR ex Zanchetta & Co srl, Italy.
Other preferred suitable equipment can include EirichR, series RV, manufactured by Gustau Eirich Hardheim, Germany; L�digeR, series FM for batch mixing, series Baud KM for continuous mixing/agglomeration, manufactured by L�dige Machinenbau GmbH, Paderborn Germany; DraisR T160 series, manufactured by Drais Werke GmbH, Mannheim Germany; and WinkworthR RT 25 series, manufactured by Winkworth Machinery Ltd., Bershire, England.
The Littleford Mixer, Model #FM-130-D-12, with internal chopping blades and the Cuisinart Food Processor, Model #DCX-Plus, with 7.75 inch (19.7 cm) blades are two examples of suitable mixers. Any other mixer with fine dispersion mixing and granulation capability and having a residence time in the order of 0.1 to 10 minutes can be used. The "turbine-type" impeller mixer, having several blades on an axis of rotation, is preferred. The invention can be practiced as a batch or a continuous process.
Preferred operating temperatures should also be as low as possible since this leads to a higher surfactant concentration in the finished particle. Preferably the temperature during the agglomeration is less than 100� C., more preferably between 25 and 90� C., and most preferably between 30 and 80� C.
The present invention produces granules of high density for use in detergent compositions. A preferred composition of the final agglomerate for incorporation into granular detergents has a high surfactant concentration. By increasing the concentration of surfactant, the particles/agglomerates made by the present invention are more suitable for a variety of different formulations. These high surfactants containing particle agglomerates require fewer finishing techniques to reach the final agglomerates, thus freeing up large amounts of processing aids (inorganic powders, etc.) that can be used in other processing steps of the overall detergent manufacturing process (spray drying, dusting off, etc).
The granules made according to the present invention are large, low dust and free flowing, and preferably have a bulk density of from about 0.4 to about 1.2 g/cc, more preferably from about 0.6 to about 0.8 g/cc. The weight average particle size of the particles of this invention are from about 200 to about 1000 microns. The preferred granules so formed have a particle size range of from 200 to 2000 microns. The more preferred granulation temperatures range from about 25� C. to about 60� C., and most preferably from about 30� C. to about 50� C.
The desired moisture content of the free flowing granules of this invention can be adjusted to levels adequate for the intended application by drying in conventional powder drying equipment such as fluid bed dryers. If a hot air fluid bed dryer is used, care must be exercised to avoid degradation of heat sensitive components of the granules. It is also advantageous to have a cooling step prior to large scale storage. This step can also be done in a conventional fluid bed operated with cool air. The drying/cooling of the agglomerates can also be done in any other equipment suitable for powder drying such as rotary dryers, etc.
For detergent applications, the final moisture of the agglomerates needs to be maintained below levels at which the agglomerates can be stored and transported in bulk. The exact moisture level depends on the composition of the agglomerate but is typically achieved at levels of 1-8% free water (i.e. water not associated to any crystalline species in the agglomerate) and most typically at 2-4%.
Any compatible detergency builder or combination of builders or powder can be used in the process and compositions of the present invention.
The detergent compositions herein can contain crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange material of the formula
wherein z and y are at least about 6, the molar ratio of z to y is from about 1.0 to about 0.4 and z is from about 10 to about 264. Amorphous hydrated aluminosilicate materials useful herein have the empirical formula
wherein M is sodium, potassium, ammonium or substituted ammonium, z is from about 0.5 to about 2 and y is 1, said material having a magnesium ion exchange capacity of at least about 50 milligram equivalents of CaCO3 hardness per gram of anhydrous aluminosilicate. Hydrated sodium Zeolite A with a particle size of from about 1 to 10 microns is preferred.
The aluminosilicate ion exchange builder materials herein are in hydrated form and contain from about 10% to about 28% of water by weight if crystalline, and potentially even higher amounts of water if amorphous. Highly preferred crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials contain from about 18% to about 22% water in their crystal matrix. The crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials are further characterized by a particle size diameter of from about 0.1 micron to about 10 microns. Amorphous materials are often smaller, e.g., down to less than about 0.01 micron. Preferred ion exchange materials have a particle size diameter of from about 0.2 micron to about 4 microns. The term "particle size diameters" herein represents the average particle size diameter by weight of a given ion exchange material as determined by conventional analytical techniques such as, for example, microscopic determination utilizing a scanning electron microscope. The crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials herein are usually further characterized by their calcium ion exchange capacity, which is at least about 200 mg equivalent of CaCO3 water hardness/g of aluminosilicate, calculated on an anhydrous basis, and which generally is in the range of from about 300 mg eq./g to about 352 mg eq./g. The aluminosilicate ion exchange materials herein are still further characterized by their calcium ion exchange rate which is at least about 2 grains Ca++/gallon/minute/gram/gallon of aluminosilicate (anhydrous basis), and generally lies within the range of from about 2 grains/gallon/minute/gram/gallon to about 6 grains/gallon/minute/gram/gallon, based on calcium ion hardness. Optimum aluminosilicate for builder purposes exhibit a calcium ion exchange rate of at least about 4 grains/gallon/minute/gram/gallon.
The amorphous aluminosilicate ion exchange materials usually have a Mg++ exchange of at least about 50 mg eq. CaCO3/g (12 mg Mg++/g) and a Mg++ exchange rate of at least about 1 grain/gallon/minute/gram/gallon. Amorphous materials do not exhibit an observable diffraction pattern when examined by Cu radiation (1.54 Angstrom Units).
Aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful in the practice of this invention are commercially available. The aluminosilicates useful in this invention can be crystalline or amorphous in structure and can be naturally occurring aluminosilicates or synthetically derived. A method for producing aluminosilicate ion exchange materials is discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,985,669, Krummel et al., issued Oct. 12, 1976, incorporated herein by reference. Preferred synthetic crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange materials useful herein are available under the designations Zeolite A, Zeolite B, Zeolite X and Zeolite P. In an especially preferred embodiment, the crystalline aluminosilicate ion exchange material has the formula
wherein x is from about 20 to about 30, especially about 27 and has a particle size generally less than about 5 microns.
The granular detergents of the present invention can contain neutral or alkaline salts which have a pH in solution of seven or greater, and can be either organic or inorganic in nature. The builder salt assists in providing the desired density and bulk to the detergent granules herein. While some of the salts are inert, many of them also function as detergency builder materials in the laundering solution.
Examples of neutral water-soluble salts include the alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium chlorides, fluorides and sulfates. The alkali metal, and especially sodium, salts of the above are preferred. Sodium sulfate is typically used in detergent granules and is a particularly preferred salt. Citric acid and, in general, any other organic or inorganic acid may be incorporated into the granular detergents of the present invention as long as it is chemically compatible with the rest of the agglomerate composition.
Other useful water-soluble salts include the compounds commonly known as detergent builder materials. Builders are generally selected from the various water-soluble, alkali metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium phosphates, polyphosphates, phosphonates, polyphosphonates, carbonates, silicates, borates, and polyhyroxysulfonates. Preferred are the alkali metal, especially sodium, salts of the above.
Specific examples of inorganic phosphate builders are sodium and potassium tripolyphosphate, pyrophosphate, polymeric metaphosphate having a degree of polymerization of from about 6 to 21, and orthophosphate. Examples of polyphosphonate builders are the sodium and potassium salts of ethylene diphosphonic acid, the sodium and potassium salts of ethane 1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid and the sodium and potassium salts of ethane, 1,1,2-triphosphonic acid. Other phosphorus builder compounds are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,159,581; 3,213,030; 3,422,021; 3,422,137; 3,400,176 and 3,400,148, incorporated herein by reference.
Examples of nonphosphorus, inorganic builders are sodium and potassium carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, tetraborate decahydrate, and silicate having a molar ratio of SiO2 to alkali metal oxide of from about 0.5 to about 4.0, preferably from about 1.0 to about 2.4. The compositions made by the process of the present invention does not require excess carbonate for processing, and preferably does not contain over 2% finely divided calcium carbonate as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,196,093, Clarke et al., issued Apr. 1, 1980, and is preferably free of the latter.
As mentioned above powders normally used in detergents such as zeolite, carbonate, silica, silicate, citrate, phosphate, perborate, etc. and process aids such as starch, soap or fatty acid can be used in preferred embodiments of the present invention.
Also useful are various organic polymers, some of which also may function as builders to improve detergency. Included among such polymers may be mentioned sodium carboxy-lower alkyl celluloses, sodium lower alkyl celluloses and sodium hydroxy-lower alkyl celluloses, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium methyl cellulose and sodium hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohols (which often also include some polyvinyl acetate), polyacrylamides, polyacrylates and various copolymers, such as those of maleic and acrylic acids. Molecular weights for such polymers vary widely but most are within the range of 2,000 to 100,000.
Polymeric polycarboxyate builders are set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 3,308,067, Diehl, issued Mar. 7, 1967. Such materials include the water-soluble salts of homo-and copolymers of aliphatic carboxylic acids such as maleic acid, itaconic acid, mesaconic acid, fumaric acid, aconitic acid, citraconic acid and methylenemalonic acid.
Other ingredients commonly used in detergent compositions can be included in the compositions of the present invention. These include flow aids, color speckles, bleaching agents and bleach activators, suds boosters or suds suppressors, antitarnish and anticorrosion agents, soil suspending agents, soil release agents, dyes, fillers, optical brighteners, germicides, pH adjusting agents, nonbuilder alkalinity sources, hydrotropes, enzymes, enzyme-stabilizing agents, chelating agents, perfumes, soap and fatty acid.
In the following examples all percantages are by weight unless otherwise stated:
AS/AE3S paste is a 78% aqueous solution of alkyl sulphate and alkyl ether sulphate (with 3 EO groups per molecule) comprising 4 parts of alkyl sulphate to 1 part of alkyl ether sulphate.
LAS paste is a 78% active aqueous solution of sodium linear alkyl benzene sulphonate
AS powder comprises 95% active powder
Polyacrylate powder comprises co-polymer of acrylic and maliec acid
Silicate powder comprises 80% sodium silicate and is produced by spray-drying
Ex. 1
Ex. 2
Ex. 3
AS/AE3S Paste
LAS paste
Alkyl sulphate powder
Polyacrylate polymer
Sodium carbonate
Zeolite A
Silicate powder
Water/Misc. minors
In each of examples 1 to 3 the AE3S/AS paste, and the LAS paste when present, were fed into a continuous twin-screw extruder. The alkyl sulphate powder, or the polyacrylate polymer, and silicate when present, were added directly to into the barrel of the extruder through an inlet port. The mixture was then extruded through a die directly into a high shear mixer (Loedig� CB) where is mixed with powder streams comprising the sodium carbonate and the zeolite. The resulting product was then passed to a medium shear mixer (Loedig� KM) resulting in a free-flowing detergent product in the form of agglomerates.
The bulk density of the product from each of the examples was between 680 and 700 g/l.
AS/NI paste is a 95% aqueous solution of alkyl sulphate and alcohol ethoxylate (with 3 EO groups per molecule) comprising 2 parts of alkyl sulphate to 1 part of alcohol ethoxylate.
LAS/NI paste is a 95% active aqueous solution of sodium linear alkyl benzene sulphonate and alcohol ethoxylate (with 3 EO groups per molecule) comprising 2 parts of LAS to 1 part of alcohol ethoxylate.
Ex. 4
Ex. 5
Ex. 6
AS/NI Paste
LAS/NI paste
Alkyl sulphate powder
Zeolite MAP
Sodium citrate
Water/Misc. minors
In each of examples 4 and 5 the AS/NI paste, or the LAS/NI paste, was fed into a continuous twin-screw extruder. The alkyl sulphate powder was added directly to into the barrel of the extruder through an inlet port. The mixture was then extruded through a die directly into a high shear mixer (Loedig� CB) where is mixed with powder streams comprising the sodium citrate and the zeolite. The resulting product was then passed to a medium shear mixer (Loedig� KM) resulting in a free-flowing detergent product in the form of agglomerates.
In comparative example 6 the AS/NI paste was fed diectly into the high shear mixer.
The bulk density of the product from each of the examples was between 680 and 700 g/l.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 9, 1992
|Feb 27, 1996
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Agglomeration of high active pastes to form surfactant granules useful in detergent compositions
|Jun 18, 1993
|Jun 25, 1996
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Production of detergent granules with excellent white appearance
|Mar 1, 1993
|Jun 25, 1996
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|High active detergent pastes
|Sep 1, 1994
|Dec 16, 1997
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Process for making granular detergent compositions comprising nonionic surfactant
|Feb 26, 1997
|Sep 21, 1999
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Secondary alkyl sulfate surfactant with improved solubility by kneading/extruding process
|Apr 7, 1992
|Oct 14, 1992
|Chemical structuring of surfactant pastes to form high active surfactant granules
|Title not available
|Jun 2, 1993
|Dec 23, 1993
|Procter & Gamble
|Process for making compact detergent compositions
|Jun 27, 1997
|Jan 15, 1998
|Goovaerts Lucas
|Process for conditioning of surfactant pastes to form high active surfactant agglomerates
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 14, 2002
|May 20, 2008
|Kao Corporation
|Slurry rheology modifier
|Jul 16, 2009
|Nov 15, 2011
|The Procter & Gamble Company
|Process for manufacturing extruded alkyl sulfate particles
|Jul 21, 2011
|Mort Iii Paul R
|Process of Preparing a Particle
|U.S. Classification
|510/444, 264/140, 510/357, 510/451, 264/117, 510/495
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 22, 1999
Owner name: PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY, THE, OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GOOVAERTS, LUCAS;HAILU, LIBEN;REEL/FRAME:009775/0806
Effective date: 19960724
|Jun 29, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 21, 2008
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 9, 2009
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Mar 3, 2009
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20090109


text:
Source: Sports Illustrated Online | Published: May 2012 By Albert Chen Photography by Cliff Welch/Icon SMI Meet Dylan Bundy, the Great Hope of Baltimore and the most fascinating pitching prospect since The Freak, Tim Lincecum. Bundy is 6-0, 195 pounds, can squat 500 pounds and throw a 100 mph fastball. He's a health and nutrition freak that… Read more »
Posts Categorized: Jaeger Sports In The News
Throwing Long to Throw Short
Source: Wall Street Journal | Published: April 2012 By Matthew Futterman Photography by Associated Press As Its Young Devotees Prosper, Long Toss' Gets Another Look; Injury Concerns Pitchers come in all sizes and temperaments. They take so many different approaches to the act of throwing a baseball that the whole occupation is shrouded in mystery…. Read more »
Mental Practice Plans
Source: Collegiate Baseball | Published: January 2012 By Alan Jaeger How adding 10 minutes to your daily practice can turn a good season into a great one This is not Football, Basketball or Hockey — it is Baseball. And of the four "major" sports in the United States, baseball is by far the most mentally challenging… Read more »
Trevor Bauer Will Not Be Babied
Source: Sports Illustrated | Published: August 2011 By Lee Jenkins Drivers on Texas Loop 336 head east to the town of Cut and Shoot, west to the land of Rock and Fire. The gunslingers of America have a choice to make. Those who bear west steer onto a winding two-lane road lined with sprawling ranches, soaring oak trees… Read more »
D-Backs Proponents of Long Toss
Source: Arizona Republic | Published: June 2011 By Nick Piecoro Less than an hour before he would start games for UCLA, right-hander Trevor Bauer would be deep in the outfield gap, heaving a baseball so high and far that it practically would bring rain back down with it. Bauer's adherence and conviction to playing long toss, not to… Read more »
Listen to Alan Jaeger's interview with Bob Scanlan
If you missed Alan Jaeger's LIVE interview on XX1090am Padres Sports Radio with Bob Scanlan on April 23rd you can now listen to it on YouTube! Enjoy!
The Long Toss Revolution Is Here
Source: Pinetarpress.com | Published: May 2011 By Greg Schaum This is an article about how the cutting edge training programs available to amateur players (via schools like Vanderbilt, Rice, UCLA, Texas, Fullerton, Stanford, ASU, and others) well educated high school programs, the internet, and independent coaches is outdating many of the throwing programs at the professional… Read more »
Alan Jaeger on World Baseball Network on XX1090am
Alan Jaeger will be on the air tomorrow morning at 10am 4/23/2011 on World Baseball Network on XX1090am with current Channel 4/Padres baseball analyst Bob Scanlan, tune in! Listen to Alan LIVE on XX1090 click this link to stream online
Jaeger Sports student Dan Haren of the Angels threw his first career one-hitter last night.
Jaeger Sports student Dan Haren of the Angels threw his first career one-hitter last night. Congratulations Dan! Check out the game stats here photo by AP Photo/Alex Gallardo
Strikeouts For Troops / Alan's Birthday
Photos from Barry Zito's Strikeout for Troops dinner, benefitting injured troops and their families. Guests included several of Barry's teammates, including Buster Posey, Matt Cain and Freddy Sanchez, players Jake Peavey (who performed), Mark Buehrle, Ryan Braun and C.J. Wilson, coaches Bruce Bochy and Tim Flannery (who also performed) and GM Brian Sabean. A great… Read more »


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Jar Box Pint Size Canning Jar Container JB1004$6.48
Jarbox is a pair of rigid plastic shells molded to safely nestle one dozen (12) pint size canning jars. The two shells snap firmly together, encasing their contents safely. The individual shells may also be used separately as trays for jars.
The right size
Pint-jar sizes are 18¼" x 13" x 2¾" and are designed to fit smaller jars well.
It's a snap
The two shells of the JarBox snap tightly together, protecting your canning investment. They can be opened by placing your fingers between the shells at the far corners and sliding forward while lifting gently.
Stacked up
JarBoxes are designed to be stacked atop one another. Each JarBox locks into the one above it and below it, increasing strength and structural integrity.
Locked together
When locked together, the entire stack of JarBoxes functions as one whole. It
can even lean slightly without coming apart. This ability helps ensure the safety of your glass jars.
Keep it clean
Not only does the JarBox system lock out pests, the shells themselves can be cleaned when necessary. They are dishwasher safe—and can even be hosed out if you wish.
Our customers continue to surprise us with their creative uses for JarBox. From gardening to storage to crafts, JarBox's strong quality construction is perfect for an endless variety of uses.Learn More
Norpro, 60 Minute, Long Ring Timer 1470$6.99
- For cooking, exercise hobbies, games and more.
- Accurate 60-minute mechanism.
- Bold dial with easy-set knob
- Magnifier lens with red index line
- Protective dial cover
- 3-3/4 inch H x 3 inch W x 2 inch D.
Nesco Jerky Spice 6 Pack - Original BJ-6$6.99
Delight an outdoor cook, large-game hunter, or angler with this savory collection of 6 Original Flavor jerky seasoning packs.To use, simply mix the spice and cure packets with lean ground beef, pork, turkey, or other meat, then press into jerky sticks and place on a dehydrator for a great-tasting snack in a matter of hours and at a fraction of the cost of store-bought jerky. Tuck a few packs into hunting bags or camping gear for a thoughtful and tasteful treat fitting for any meat-lover or sportsman.Learn More
Ball, 1/2 Pint (8 oz), Regular Mouth, Mason Canning Jars, 12-Pack 60000$7.99
Ball Regular Mouth Half Pint (8 oz) Glass Preserving Jars are ideal for fresh preserving recipes such as jams, jellies, sauces, mustard's and flavored vinegars. Our famous glass jars and closures go beyond fresh preserving to help you with serving, creative decor, and gift-giving.
How to Store:
- Enjoy Now - refrigerate up to 3 weeks
- Fresh Preserve - store up to 1 year
- 12-Ball, 1/2 Pint (8 oz), Regular Mouth Glass Preserving Jars
- 12-Ball, Lids with Bands
- Step-by-Step instructions on bottom of package.
LEM Extra Freezer Tape - 4 Pack W033-4$7.99
Product Features
The tape dispenser accepts tape up to 1" wide with 1" or 3" core. Heavy duty, heavy weight, rubber bottom doesn't slide. Tape dispenser includes 1 roll of 3/4" freezer tape.Learn More
EZ Roll Z-Series Light Medium Duty 4" Hard Rubber Swivel Caster with Wheel Break Z-40-HR-S-SB$7.99
Product Description
Typical uses for the z series include food service carts, conveyor systems, cannery equipment, stock carts, portable storage racks, maintenance carts, etc.
Product Features
- Heavily formed top plate and yoke
- Axle and nut design for wheel assembly
- Zinc plated
- Heat treated raceways, top plate, and king pin for extended wear
- Dust cover protects swivel bearings
Product Specifications
- Wheel Diameter: 4"
- Tread Width: 1-1/4"
- Load Capacity 300
LEM Replacement Poly Bag Sealing Tape for Taping Machine W042$5.99
Product Features
Replacement Poly Bag Tape for Poly Bag Taping Machine (Cat. #043). Tape is 3/8" wide and 180 yards long. Approximately 3,000 seals per roll.Learn More
Ball, Pint Sized, Regular Mouth Mason Canning Jar, 12-Pack 61000$7.99
Ball Regular Mouth, Pint Sized (16 oz.) Glass Preserving Jars are ideal for fresh preserving whole fruits and vegetables like peaches and green beans. Enjoy homemade pickles year round with our famous glass jars. Ball Glass Preserving Jars go beyond fresh preserving to help you with serving, creative decor, and gift-giving.
How to Store:
- Enjoy Now - refrigerate up to 3 weeks
- Fresh Preserve - store up to 1 year
- 12-Ball (16 oz.) Regular Mouth Glass Preserving Jars
- 12-Ball Regular Mouth Lids with Bands
- Step-by-Step instructions on bottom of package.
Taylor Wireless Thermometer Weather Station 96082$7.43
Product Features:
- Reports indoor temperatures from 14 to 158°F (-10 to 70°C).
- Reports indoor humidity levels from 20 to 99% RH.
- Remote sensor transmits temperature readings from -40 to 158°F (-40 to 70°C) back to base unit.
- Measures temperature in 0.1° increments and humidity in 1% increments.
- 12 hour clock.
- Temperature trends indicators chart upward, downward or steady temperatures.
- Minimum/maximum temperature memory recall.
- Backlight feature for easy viewing.
- 100 Foot transmission range.
- One remote sensor included; can work with up to 3 sensors (model 1534, sold separately).
- Low battery indicator.
- Batteries not Included
LEM Food Grade Silicone Spray 213$7.99
USDA approved. Use this Food Grade silicone spray to protect metal parts on your grinders, stuffers, saws, knives, etc. No build up. Lubricates, repels water, and provides a protective coating. Complies with FDA regulations. Odorless, non-toxic, tasteless. 11 oz. can.
- Express Shipping is not available for this product.
- Cannot ship to California or out side of the 48 Continental United States.


text: POPSUGAR Celebrity Miranda Kerr Pictures of Miranda Kerr Pregnant by Celebrity 8/19/10 0 Shares Like us on Facebook Sign up for our daily newsletter > Follow us on Pinterest Previous Photo 1 of 11 View on One Page ADVERTISEMENT ( more slides) Next Share This Link Copy 1 Pictures of Miranda Kerr Pregnant Previous Photo 1 of 11 View on One Page ADVERTISEMENT ( more slides) Next Read More Miranda KerrCelebrity Pregnancies Miranda Kerr 150+ Supersexy Moments to Get You Excited For the VS Fashion Show The 35 Most Amazing Outfits the Supermodels Have Ever Worn to the Airport 26 Celebrities Who Aren't Afraid to Strip to Their Skivvies Miranda Kerr Just Made a Case For Wearing a Minidress to the Airport Celebrity Pregnancies Why Chrissy Teigen and John Legend's Baby Will Be the Luckiest Little One Around Chrissy Teigen Is Already Cracking Us Up With Her Pregnancy Tweets Proof Chrissy Teigen Will Be the Hottest Mom Ever Hugh Grant Is Going to Be a Dad — Again! POPSUGAR, the #1 independent media and technology company for women. Where more than 75 million women go for original, inspirational content that feeds their passions and interests. Be in the Know With OurCelebrity and Entertainment Newsletter Personalize A-Listers TV Young Hollywood Movies Sign up with facebook or By signing up, I agree to the Terms and to receive emails from POPSUGAR.


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Web Applications Related Items on Java.net
Semantics platform
Java framework for building RESTful web services, reference implementation of JSR 311.
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certificate generator for JUG events
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The Java User's Group website for Charlotte, NC. Focused on supporting a vibrant community through education and networking. Meets monthly
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A stand-alone, web-based electronic medical record (EMR) system
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The XAMJ project aims to build a pure Java web browser and RIA platform that can not only render HTML well, but can also render rich internet applications by leveraging the Java platform.
A web based framework to securely co-browse web applications


text:
Secondary menu
Louis C.K. is one of the Internet's (and maybe America's) most loved comedians. If you've never seen his Emmy-nominated TV show or stand-up specials, you can get to know him here, through the wonderful and sometimes odd artwork of his fans.... READ ON
Today is Bill Murray's 63rd birthday. In honor of the actor's long and fantastic career, here's a look at some of his best roles as depicted by artistic fans.... READ ON
Transparent gear? We see right through that gimmick ... and we like it.... READ ON
Last night, Futurama aired its final episode. Let's take a look back at a few of the coolest Futurama artworks ever created during the show's run.... READ ON
We previously looked at beautiful libraries from across the globe, but if you're looking to expand your travels to educational locales with beautiful architecture, you may also consider traveling to these lovely museums, starting with those in Europe.... READ ON
Say what you will about the legal status of graffiti or how it affects property values, but don't say it isn't art.... READ ON
Sea otters hold hands when they sleep so they don't drift apart.


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This is my art website! I admit, even though I have not created as much art in the past few years as I would like to say I've created, I do go through very prolific bursts of visual creativity. One such time involved the creation of 300+ hand-painted pins, necklaces and small art pieces over a span of 2.5 years. That's a lot!
I intend to update this site, hopefully on a fairly regular basis, to reflect my present focus and projects. I hope you'll stick with me to see what I'm up to. You'll find a portfolio page as well as a few services that I'm currently offering. You may notice that all of my services at this time are custom. I don't have any ready-made pieces, but I'm happy to make something just for you.
Whether I'm in an active, vividly creative cycle or not, I always find myself identifying with the creative force, being sustained by it. I'm sure many of you can really relate!
In creativity,


text:
"Eleni" apartments 2
from £30 /night help Price for guests, Nights
2 reviews
from £30 /night help Price for guests, Nights
Estimated nightly price based on a weekly stay. Excludes fees (if applicable). Enter your dates to see the total cost.
Apartment / 1 bedrooms / sleeps 3 Home 4603401
Availability Your dates are available
Apartment / 1 bedrooms / sleeps 3
|Key Info
Beautifull room with 2 beds or one double and separate kitchen
with anything you need to cook...
balcony big bathroom and washing machine...
you also have the option of one double bed
or two single...
Room is full furnished and it is just 50 metres from the beautifull
beach of Nea Chora 10 min walking from the centre of Chania and the old port..
In a quiet and safe street 50 metres from Bus stop and Taxi place...
you can find parking spot in the street wich is quit safe..
|Sleeps up to 3, 1 bedrooms
|Will consider
|Long term lets (over 1 month)
|Family friendly
|Great for children of all ages
|No pets allowed, Yes, smoking allowed
Features and Facilities
|Internet access
|Central heating, Air conditioning, TV, Wi-Fi available
|Cooker, Fridge, Freezer, Washing machine
|1 bedroom, 2 bathrooms of which 1 Family bathrooms and 1 Shower rooms, Solarium or roof terrace
|Double beds (1), Dining seats for 4, Lounge seats for 4
|Towels provided
|Balcony or terrace, Shared garden
|Suitable for people with restricted mobility, Not suitable for wheelchair users
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Calendar last updated:11 Sep 2015
Based in Greece
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text:
Valley International Country Club, Valley Course
- 95 Country Club Rd, Brownsville, TX 78520
- (956) 546-5331
- www.valleyinternationalgolf.com
|27 total holes at facility
|Green fees - $17 to $32 (estimate)
|Built in 1910
|Driving Range: Yes
|Public Resort golf course
The Valley Course at Valley International Country Club is an 18-hole regulation length golf course in Brownsville, Texas. This medium-length layout has adequate length for a regulation course. Some holes are quite challenging and interesting, but overall it can be somewhat forgiving. There is another course at this same golf club, the Par-3 Course. Online tee times may be available at Valley International Country Club or at nearby golf courses, often at a substantial discount from the going green fees rate.
|Course Rating
|Back Tees
|Golf Pro: Jack Blundell
|Course Superintendent: Juan Villarreal
|Manager: Ken Plasterer
Disclaimer: In some cases there will be mistakes, even though the info about these courses is (in most cases) correct. If you spot any problems, please contact us.
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Arizona Cardinals
If Cardinals go offensive line in draft, they'll have plenty of options
Take a look at some NFL mock drafts, and you'll see a varied collection of players the Arizona Cardinals are predicted to take in the first round.
Really, take a look.
A lot will happen between now and the draft, which begins on April 25, including private workouts, college all-star games and the NFL Scouting Combine.
Still, as far as the Cardinals are concerned, their biggest needs are pretty easily identifiable: quarterback and offensive line.
While this is regarded to be a fairly weak QB class, there appear to be several talented lineman from which the Cardinals may be left to choose from.
ESPN NCAA football analyst Mark May, as a guest of Arizona Sports 620's Burns and Gambo Tuesday, had some pretty high praise for some of the top prospects, including Texas A&M tackle Luke Joeckel and Alabama guard Chance Womack.
"Well Joeckel and Womack will definitely probably be top-12 picks in my opinion," he said.
May said he does not expect A&M tackle Jake Matthews to leave college, but said the best offensive linemen in this draft have plenty to offer an NFL team.
Most Popluar
Cardinals Audio
Steve Wyche - NFL Network Analyst and Reporter
Wednesday October 7
Steve Wyche discusses the Cardinals vs Lions game this weekend.
Paige Dimakos - Host, Fantasy Football Fix
Wednesday October 7
Are there any must have guys on fantasy?
Calais Campbell, Cardinals defensive lineman
Wednesday October 7
Calais Campbell discusses what to expect from the Lions this weekend.
Doug & Wolf NFL Power Poll heading into Week 5
Wednesday October 7
The top five NFL teams according to Doug & Wolf.
Wolf's Film Room - Offense
Wednesday October 7
Wolf game plans how he thinks the AZ Cardinals offense can beat the Lions defense this weekend.


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Request a Deal
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From Our Editors
Shake off your long day with a meal from Cliff's Grill, a casual American restaurant. Cliff's Grill is a fantastic spot to indulge and with no low-fat options, you'll need to save the diet for another day. Tots and tykes will be right at home at Cliff's Grill with its kid-approved food and ambience. If dining outdoors is your idea of a good time, you'll love the gorgeous patio seating at Cliff's Grill. Access the internet free of charge via Cliff's Grill's complimentary wifi. Need room for one more? Add another to your party — Cliff's Grill is great for large groups.
Drift away from stuffy dress-code conventions and dine in comfort at Cliff's Grill. If you're hoping to make a smashing impression at your next soiree, you can also have Cliff's Grill cater for you.
Drivers heading toward Cliff's Grill's Main St residence will be pleased to know that this location offers valet parking.
A mid-priced establishment, Cliff's Grill offers meals that typically cost about $30 or less. All major credit cards are accepted, including Visa, Mastercard, Discover, and American Express. Cliff's Grill has menus for breakfast, lunch, and dinner — just pick your favorite meal and head over.
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Article ID: 238644
On This Page
When trying to rename a file immediately after uploading it to a Microsoft FTP server, the following error message might appear:
550 <filename>: The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process
The only known solution to this problem is to retry the operation until the internal lock is released and the operation succeeds. The following is an example of how to retry the operation programmatically using WinInet API calls:
Microsoft has confirmed that this is a bug in the Microsoft products that are listed at the beginning of this article.
More information
Steps to Reproduce Behavior
Article ID: 238644 - Last Review: June 19, 2014 - Revision: 4.0
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'What We Do in the Shadows' Director Taika Waititi To Helm 'Thor: Ragnarok,' Marvel Developing 'Damage Control' Sitcom
Watch: Casey Affleck, Woody Harrelson & Kate Winslet Star in The First Trailer For John Hillcoat's 'Triple 9'
Robert De Niro Says Martin Scorsese Experimenting With 'Benjamin Button' Technology For 'The Irishman'
Danny Boyle Says He's Open To Directing '28 Months Later,' Spills Details On His Two Gestating Period Pieces
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Suzy and Sam from Moonlight Kingdom are my #1 and 2. "Social Services" is the only character in that film who has neither a first…
Ranked: Wes Anderson's Most Memorable Characters
Oct 9th, 2015 9:43pm
I'll be interested to see if Jennifer remains a producer on the film.
Brie Larson Replaces Jennifer Lawrence In 'The Glass Castle' For 'Short Term 12' Director Destin Daniel Cretton
Oct 9th, 2015 8:43pm
I can't stand the soap opera stuff. hope these doesn't become common
Nicolas Winding Refn Goes 60 fps For 'The Neon Demon'
Oct 9th, 2015 7:16pm
Not only are several of the microphones in this scene modern, but Miles Davis played flugelhorn on "Gone." (If he DID play trumpet,…
Watch: Don Cheadle Hits The Studio As Miles Davis In First Clip From 'Miles Ahead'
Oct 9th, 2015 5:55pm
British directors seem very keen in displaying their kings and prime ministers in a very good light...The Kings Speech and being very accurat…
Leonardo DiCaprio And Christian Bale Reportedly Asked By Steve Jobs' Widow Not To Star In 'Steve Jobs'
Oct 9th, 2015 5:42pm
I wonder if this is somehow related to that dog movie Baumbach and Gerwig were writing a couple of years ago...
Wes Anderson's Next Movie Is A Stop-Motion Animated Film About Dogs; May Also Do An Anthology Movie
Oct 9th, 2015 5:36pm
Review: Joe Wright's 'Pan' Starring Hugh Jackman And Rooney Mara Is A Cacophonous Assault On The Senses
Watch: Casey Affleck, Woody Harrelson & Kate Winslet Star in The First Trailer For John Hillcoat's 'Triple 9'
Oscars: Idris Elba, Rooney Mara, And The Frontrunners In The Best Supporting Actor & Best Supporting Actress Race
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deal over
deal over!
Any self-respecting American student will join their Alma mater. If you fancy joining their studious ranks and being top of the class then today's deal from The Alma Tavern and Theatre will ensure you graduate to a great night out.
- For £29 (up to a £62 value, for up to 54% off), take a pal and enjoy a starter, main, and glass of Prosecco each.
- Or take a study group of four for £58 (up to a £124 value, for up to 55% off).
- Make your way to one of Bristol's finest theatre pubs in Georgetown.
- Start with the charcuterie board perhaps, followed by whole baked sea bass, pan-fried duck breast, or Moroccan saffron fish stew.
- The restaurant has built up a reputation as an excellent gastro pub, serving delicious food in a fun and comfortable atmosphere.
Don't be a drop out, click 'Buy Now' and have a Yale of a time.
Now you can earn Tesco Clubcard points with your eligible LivingSocial purchases! Click here to find out more.
Enjoy By 26 December, 2013
The Alma Tavern and Theatre
Starter, Main, and Glass of Prosecco Each for Two (£29), Four (£58) People
- from £29


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I spent two nights at Bailey's House B&B and liked the house very much. Ms. Bailey was a very companionable host. The amenities were fine and I had two excellent breakfasts. I also liked her dogs; they were handsome and friendly animals--good company.
If you own or manage Bailey's House B&B, register now for free tools to enhance your listing, attract new reviews, and respond to reviewers.


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Naomie Harris, Phyllicia Rashad, Zendaya and More! view
Lupita Nyong'o, Gabrielle Union, Whoopi Goldberg and More! view
Star Gazing 10.11.15 view
Mary J. Blige attends Stronger: Girls Empowerment Day at the Time Warner Center...
Mary J. Blige attends Stronger: Girls Empowerment Day at the Time Warner Center on May 7, 2010 in New York City.
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Article ID: 293445 - View products that this article applies to.
This article has been archived. It is offered "as is" and will no longer be updated.
Microsoft Excel provides multiple layers of protection to allow you to control who can access and change your data. These layers of protection are as follows:
More information
The following articles address some of the more frequently asked questions about workbook and worksheet protection in Excel:
Article ID: 293445 - Last Review: January 12, 2015 - Revision: 4.0


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The Carnival (60s): The Carnival
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The Carnival's self-titled album from 1969 sounds quite a bit like the sunny blend of L.A. sunshine pop and easy Brazilian rhythms that Sergio Mendes & Brasil '66 were dishing out at the time. No big ...continue...
Marcos Valle: Samba '68 [Limited Edition]
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Personnel includes: Marcos Valle (vocals, guitar); Eumir Deodato (arranger); Anamaria Valle (vocals); Claudio Slon (drums).
Producers: Bob Morgan, Ray Gilbert.
Reissue producers: Bryan K...continue...
Nara Leao: Os Meus Amigos Sao um Barato
1 CD / / 2015-06-02Artists: Nara Leao