text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 24, 2002
|Filing date
|Feb 12, 2001
|Priority date
|Feb 11, 2000
|Publication number
|William Matthew, Leander Stroschein, Joseph McGrath
|Original Assignee
|Matthew William T., Stroschein Leander A., Mcgrath Joseph M.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Referenced by (14), Classifications (11), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
[0001] This application claims priority from provisional application Ser. No. 60/182,051 filed Feb. 11, 2000.
[0002] Not Applicable.
[0003] 1. Field of the Invention
[0004] The invention relates generally to the filed of environmental data acquisition systems, and particularly to portable environmental heat stress monitors that can be used to monitor the effects of exposure to extreme environmental conditions.
[0005] 2. Description of Related Art
[0006] Military leaders, industrial managers and athletic trainers are all confronted with the problem of achieving high productivity or performance and safeguarding health under conditions of high heat or heat stress. Heat stress is the aggregate of all environmental and physical work factors that impose a heat load on the body. The environmental factors of heat stress include the air temperature, radiant heat, air movement, relative humidity and barometric pressure. Physical work contributes to the aggregate by producing metabolic heat in the body in direct proportion to the intensity of activity. The amount and type of clothing also can affect the heat load.
[0007] Several methods have been developed to index the conditions that lead to heat stress. Of these, the Web Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) is a popular measure in use in military, government and industrial arenas. The WBGT index is relatively simple to compute. It is defined by:
[0008] where:
[0009] WB=natural wet-bulb temperature
[0010] GT=6-inch diameter black Vernon-globe temperature (indicating radiant heat)
[0011] DB=shaded dry-bulb temperature
[0012] For indoor use involving radiant heat sources other than direct solar radiation, the equation modifies to:
WBGT indoors=0.7(WB)+0.3(GT)
[0013] Guidelines for determining work/rest schedules or protective measures for persons exposed to heat stress conditions, based on the WBGT index have been used in government and industry. However, the major use of WBGT measurements is in evaluation and quantification of the environment in industries such as aluminum production, steel production, foundry work, and the chemical and refinery fields where workers are routinely exposed to high radiant and convective heat. With accurate index to heat-stress levels, worker comfort and health can be assured while maintaining peak productivity and efficiency.
[0014] While the WBGT has proved to be a workable index, there are several factors that contribute to heat stress that are not accounted for by the WBGT index. Therefore, there is a need for a more comprehensive measure for heat stress.
[0015] Heat stress often affects workers in isolated locations, e.g., the battlefield, oil rigs, in mine shafts, in quarries etc. Accordingly, it is desirable to have a portable measurement device so that measurements can easily be taken in locations that are not readily accessible. Previous monitoring devices have sensors that are mounted to a tripod and attached to a separate display units by cables. This can limit their use to areas that can physically accommodate such equipment. Other devices use individual sensors that directly attach to the display unit, and are removed and placed in a protective case for storage. There is a need for a portable, self contained device that may be carried and operated by a worker without additional accessories.
[0016] One embodiment of the invention may be realized by a portable stress monitor for monitoring conditions under which physiological activity is occurring. The conditions monitored may be environmental, such as ambient temperature and humidity, or physiological, such as heart rate or body temperature. The monitor includes a main body portion and a hinged cover. The hinged cover includes a removable sensor module. One or more sensors are attached to the sensor module, each sensor may be pivotally mounted on a mast, such that the sensors extend outwardly from the hinged cover when the sensor module is in the deployed position and may be pivoted to sit substantially flush with the hinged cover when the sensor module is in the storage position. A central processing unit is contained within the main body, and is operable to process data acquired by the sensors according to a heat strain algorithm. A sensor electronics circuit is contained within the sensor module, and is operable to perform sensor-related functions, such as signal conditioning and A/D conversion. A display is attached to the outer surface of the main body for providing read out information, and a keypad is provided for user input.
[0017] An advantage of the heat/stress monitor according to the present invention is that tailored heat stress management guidance is provided based on clothing worn, acclimatization status and work level.
[0018] Another advantage of the heat stress monitor according to the present invention is that the sensor suite and the central processor permit flexible implementation of additional physiological models or supplemental environmental stress parameters. More particularly, this invention permits facile adjustment of the heat strain algorithm.
[0019] Still a further advantage of the invention is the removable sensor module allows rapid replacement of the sensors as a single unit for repair and calibration.
[0020]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the heat stress monitor in accordance with the present invention.
[0021]FIG. 2 is a computational diagram of a preferred heat strain algorithm in accordance with the present invention.
[0022]FIG. 3 is a side view of an embodiment of the heat stress monitor of the invention illustrating the sensors in a deployed position.
[0023]FIG. 4 is a top view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 depicting the sensors in a storage position.
[0024]FIG. 5 is a side cut away view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 illustrating the sensors in a storage position and illustrating the system for coupling the sensors to the body.
[0025]FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a sensor coupling system in accordance with the invention showing the mast and the cuff.
[0026]FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the sensor coupling system of FIG. 6 illustrating only the cuff.
[0027]FIG. 8 depicts the wind speed sensor and the dry bulb sensor in a storage position.
[0028]FIG. 9 is a perspective front view of the stress monitor, with the sensor module in the "deployed" position.
[0029]FIG. 10 is a perspective rear view of the stress monitor of FIG. 9.
[0030]FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the sensor module of FIGS. 9 and 10.
[0031]FIG. 12 is a perspective front view of the assembled main body of FIGS. 9 and 10.
[0032]FIG. 13 is a block diagram of the main electronics contained within the main body.
[0033]FIG. 14 is a block diagram of the sensor electronics contained within the sensor module.
[0034] The apparatus, systems and methods of the present invention may be used for monitoring environmental conditions. A better understanding of the several embodiments of the invention and their use for monitoring environmental conditions will be achieved by reading the following description in conjunction with the above-incorporated references.
[0035] The present invention encompasses a compact, self-contained monitor that measures environmental conditions and calculates related safety factors and environmental stress parameters. The monitor preferably includes a main body and a sensor module. The sensor module preferably includes a number of environmental sensors including an atmospheric pressure sensor, a humidity sensor, an air temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor, and a solar radiation sensor. The sensor module is preferably releasably engaged with the main body such that the sensor module may be movable between a deployed position and a storage position and such that the sensor module may be readily replaced according to the intended use of the environmental monitor.
[0036] The sensor module may be provided with circuitry required to operate the various sensors. For example, the sensor module may be provided with A/D and D/A converters for processing current and voltage generated and/or required by the sensors and a memory device that stores calibration information for the sensors.
[0037] The main body may include a main processor for operating the monitor, a display for exhibiting input parameters, a central processing unit for computing safety factors and environmental stress parameters using manually input as well as measured environmental parameters. In some embodiments, the main body may include a communication port for facilitating communication with a local or remote server.
[0038] In other embodiments the central processing unit may be separate and distinct from the maim body and, for example, disposed in a server that communicates with the main body.
[0039] In accordance with preferred aspect of the invention, the central processing unit may be programmed according to a heat strain prediction model to calculate selected environmental safety factors e.g., work/rest cycle limits, hourly drinking water requirements and maximum safe work times. These selected environmental safety factors may be calculated based upon inputs from the environmental sensors as well as manual inputs from a user and/or remote inputs from a server, e.g., type of clothing worn by subject, work rate, and acclimatization status.
[0040]FIG. 1 illustrates an environmental data monitor in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. A sensor module 10 b is provided with a plurality of sensors including a dry bulb sensor 33, a relative humidity sensor 34, a globe sensor 35 and a wind speed sensor 36. In addition, sensor module 10 b also includes an atmospheric pressure sensor 37 not illustrated in FIG. 1. Sensors 33-37 each collect data to be transmitted to a central processing unit 110. Each of the sensors 33-37 and central processing unit 110 are described in greater detail below in connection with specific embodiments of the invention. Sensor module 10 b further includes sensor electronics 60 which may comprise signal conditioning circuitry 100 and collection and processing circuitry 105. Signal conditioning circuitry 100 preferably converts signals transmitted and received by the sensors to a form usable by other system circuitry. Collection and processing circuitry 105 includes a suitable memory device that stores information unique to sensors 33-37. For example, collection and processing circuitry 105 may store calibration information related to sensors 33-37 and facilitate recalibration. While it is preferable that sensor electronics 60 be included in sensor module 10 b, in other embodiments, sensor electronics may be disposed in main body 10 a.
[0041] In some embodiments, a graphical display 57 may be disposed in main body 10 a. Display 57 is preferably provided with a menu that allows a user to select parameters to be input to central processing unit 110. In accordance with the invention, the menu allows the user to select parameters related to environmental stress for input to central processing unit 110. Display 57 is preferably a backlit LCD display of the type generally known to those of skill in the art.
[0042] In other embodiments, no display is provided with main body 10 a. In these embodiments, a user may input environmental stress parameters at a remote location and those parameters may be transmitted to environmental monitor 10 by any method of signal transmission. For example, the signals may be transferred wirelessly, via the Internet, through a direct modem connection, via satellite, via spread spectrum techniques, or via optical communication links.
[0043] In keeping with an aspect of the invention, environmental monitor 10 may be provided power management circuitry 115 to facilitate efficient energy consumption. Power management circuitry 115 preferably includes a power source 120 and a power manager 125 for controlling power output from power source 115. Power manager 125 communicates with display 57 and controls powerup and shutdown of monitor 57. For example, in accordance with the user's wishes, display 57 may be driven into low power consumption mode after a period of inactivity or it may be shut down all together. In addition, display 57 may be automatically powered up upon deployment of one or more of sensors 33-37 or upon some other event.
[0044] Turning to a particularly preferred aspect of the invention, central processing unit 110 is preferably programmed to carry out a physiological heat strain model to determine at least the following safety factors for workers and others exposed to extreme heat: 1) optimal work/rest cycle limits, 2) hourly water consumption needs and 3) maximum safe work time. In addition, CPU 110 may compute the following environmental parameters WBGT (computed from, mean radiant temperature, dew point and air-cooling power). A preferred physiological heat strain model uses both measured parameters and user input parameters to calculate the above safety factors. More particularly, the preferred heat strain model employs the following measured inputs: air temperature, humidity, solar radiation, wind speed and barometric pressure. In addition, the preferred heat strain model uses the following user supplied inputs: clothing type, work rate and acclimation status. A particularly preferred heat strain model is that described in Computer Biological Medicine, by Pandolf et al., Vol. 16 No. 5, pp. 319-329, 1986, which is herein incorporated by reference.
[0045] The heat strain model may be realized as software to provide real-time safety factors and environmental parameters upon demand for assessing the effects of heat stress on human beings. A diagram representing the steps to be performed by the software in the preferred embodiment is shown in FIG. 2. The software may be implemented as a computer program or other electronic device control program or an operating system. The software may be resident in the environmental monitor 10 in CPU 110, if desired. Alternatively, CPU 110 including the software may be resident in a stand-alone device in communication with environmental monitor 10 either continuously or intermittently. The standalone device may be a standard personal computer (PC), a PAL device, a personal digital assistant (PDA), an e-book or other handheld or wearable computing devices (incorporating Palm OS, Windows CE, EPOC, or future generations like code-named Razor from 3Com or Bluetooth from consortium including IBM and Intel), or a specific purpose device receiving signals from environmental monitor 10. Depending on the location of the software, the software may be stored, for example, in random access memory (RAM); in read only memory (ROM); on a storage device like a hard drive, disk, compact disc, punch card, tape or in other computer readable material; in virtual memory on a network such as an intranet or the Internet, computer or otherwise; on an optical storage device; on a magnetic storage device; and/or on an EPROM. The software may be modified or updated as desired.
[0046] In operation, the user preferably deploys sensors 33-37 and activates monitor 10. Monitor 10 may be activated automatically when sensors are deployed or may be manually activated by the user. Upon activation, display 57 preferably shows various parameters and indicia including date, time and power status. The user may then activate a selection menu on LCD 57 and select the appropriate input parameters, i.e., the type of clothing, the work rate and the acclimation status. The input parameters are then transferred to CPU 110. The selection menu preferably provides the user with a variety of options for each parameter from which the user may select. Further, upon activation of the monitor 10, sensors 33-37 collect data and transmit the collected to CPU 110. The user may then request computation of any one or more of the safety factors and environmental parameters described above. In accordance with a preferred aspect of the invention, over a two-minute span, sensor measurements may be made at one-second intervals, averaged and input to CPU 110. The safety factors may be calculated and output by CPU 110 either to display 57 or to a remote server in as little as three seconds. A preferred algorithm for calculation of safety factors and environmental parameters is depicted in FIG. 2. Accordingly, environmental monitor 10 provides real time computation of safety factors.
[0047] In accordance with another feature of the invention, the environmental monitor 10 may be operated in automatic mode. That is, environmental monitor 10 may be set to log data from sensors 33-37. The user may input start time, duration and interval for sensors to take readings. All data logged is saved and, when logging is complete, data may be viewed on display 57 and/or downloaded to a server for viewing and computation of safety factors via communication port 135.
[0048] Upon calculation of the safety factors, the safety factors may be displayed in graphical or alphanumerical fashion. For example, a cyclic work guidance display screen may show optimal minutes of work/rest per hour to keep predicted body core temperature within safe limits as well as amount of water to drink per hour to replace predicted sweat losses. A continuous work guidance display screen may show predicted maximum safe work time in minutes for a one-time bout of continuous work and the amount of drinking water needed to replace predicted sweat loss. An environmental data screen may show measured environmental parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, black globe temperature and barometric pressure. In addition, the environmental data screen may show calculated environmental parameters such as wet bulb temperature, mean radiant temperature, and the wet bulb-globe temperature (WBGT) index.
[0049] The above-described display screens may be provided on display 57, However, CPU 110 may also transmit the display information directly to a server simultaneously, serially or to the exclusion of display 57 for display on a server monitor. Of course, in embodiments of environmental monitor 10 that do not include display 57, CPU 110 transmits the display information directly to the server and information is displayed on the server monitor.
[0050]FIG. 3 illustrates a specific embodiment of the environmental monitor 10 in accordance with the invention. Environmental monitor 10 is adapted for use in monitoring environmental conditions associated with heat stress, and has sensors and programming appropriate for that application. However, monitor 10 could be easily adapted for monitoring other environmental conditions, such as cold, air quality, and noise. Appropriate sensors could be added or substituted for those described herein.
[0051] Structurally, environmental monitor 10 is comprised of a case including a main body 10 a and a sensor module 10 b. In FIG. 3, sensor module 10 b is shown in the "deployed" position, positioned for operation of its sensors. A hinged cover 22 a of main body 10 a is open to facilitate deployment of the sensors.
[0052] The main body 10 a of monitor 10 has a front face 11 a, and a keypad 12 with individual keys 12 a. A CPU 110 for computation of safety factors and environmental stress parameters such as that described above may be disposed within main body 10 a.
[0053] As illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, main body 10 a includes a shelf 14 d including a substantially spherical depression 14 e dimensioned to accept the black globe sensor described in greater detail below when the sensors are in the rest or nestled position. More particularly, spherical depression 14 e may have a diameter equal to or less than about 1.125″. Main body 10 a may also be provided with a compartment 15 a for storing a power source, e.g., a battery (not shown).
[0054] Sensor module 10 b is preferably releasably disposed in hinged cover 22 a. Sensor module 10 b may be snap fit, friction fit or otherwise matingly engaged with hinged cover 22 a. A feature of the invention is that monitor 10 easily permits sensor modules 10 b to be interchanged and used with the main body 10 a. All signal processing and calibration information is stored in the sensor module 10 b, with a digital control interface to the main body 10 a.
[0055] Sensor module 10 b is comprised of a substantially planar base 10 c which supports a dry bulb sensor 33, relative humidity sensor 34, black globe sensor 35, and wind speed sensor 36. Sensors 33-36 are illustrated in FIG. 3 in their deployed position. That is, sensors 33-36 are position erect, substantially perpendicular to planar base 10 c. Sensors 33-36 may be placed in their storage position by folding down each sensor as described in detail below and closing hinged cover 22 a. In the storage position, sensors 33, 34 and 36 will be substantially flush with planar base 10 c and the globe of sensor 35 will be nestled in depression 14 e. Accordingly, cover 22 a may be closed and mated with main body 10 a. FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate sensors 33-36 in their storage position, substantially parallel to planar base 10 c prior to closing cover 22 a.
[0056] Each of sensors 33-36 is attached to or coupled with a mast 23 and the mast is secured to planar base 10 c. Mast 23 is preferably comprised of a thin walled stainless steel tube member as depicted in FIGS. 6-8. As best shown in FIG. 6, each mast has a substantially hemispherical closed end 24 and a clearance slot 25 disposed along a side of mast 23 proximate to closed end 24. Closed end 24 is configured for hinged engagement with spring retainer cup 26 to permit rotation of sensors 33-36 through an angle of approximately 90� from rest position to deployed position. Spring retainer cup 26, depicted in greater detail in FIG. 7, defines a collar having first and second wings 27 a and 27 b. Spring retainer 26 is preferably formed form stainless steel or beryllium copper. Lodging mast 23 into spring retainer 26 and threading roll pin 28 through eyelets 29 and clearance slot 25 may establish a secure hinged connection. Wings 27 a and 27 b are inwardly biased to secure mast 23 in position as shown in FIG. 8. Spring retainer 26 is further provided with extension ears 28 a that may be potted into planar base 10 c.
[0057] Although a preferred coupling system for sensors 33-36 is described above, the invention is not limited to such a system. Sensors 33-36 may be coupled to planar base 10 c using any mechanism that allows sensors 33-36 to be moved to and from and locked into their deployed and storage positions.
[0058] As discussed above, each of sensors 33-36 are disposed on a mast 23 as shown. Dry bulb sensor 33 and wind speed sensor 36 are preferably disposed on the same mast 23. FIG. 8. However, wind speed sensor 36 is preferably disposed above dry bulb sensor 33 near the top end of mast 23. To prevent damage to wind speed sensor 36 and dry bulb sensor 33, a protective covering 23 a may be disposed about the respective sensors. An exemplary protective covering is illustrated in FIG. 8 is a stainless steel collar having a plurality of perforations 23 b to facilitate airflow. Wind speed sensor 36 and dry bulb sensor 33 may be of a type known to those of skill in the art. For example, both wind speed sensor 36 and dry bulb sensor 33 may be realized by thermistors.
[0059] Likewise, black globe sensor 35 and relative humidity sensor 34 are of the type generally known to those of skill in the art. In accordance with a feature of the invention, the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) may be obtained by measuring relative humidity with sensor 34 and the dry bulb temperature with sensor 33 and using a mathematical formula to determine wet bulb temperature. Alternatively, a dedicated wet bulb sensor could be used in sensor module 10 b.
[0060] An atmospheric pressure sensor 37 is preferably located inside sensor module 10 b. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, pressure sensor 37 may be mounted on planar base 10 c. In addition, sensor electronics 60 may be disposed on the underside of planar base 10 c. In preferred embodiments, sensor electronics 60 may be implemented on a printed circuit board (not shown), which may be readily attached to planar base 10 c.
[0061] In keeping with the invention, the user may control operation of environmental sensor 10 using keypad 12 a. Specifically, using keypad 12 a, the user may perform one or more of the following: a) input environmental stress parameters, b) control illumination of display 57 and c) direct CPU 110 to compute environmental stress parameters and environmental safety factors.
[0062] FIGS. 9-15 illustrate still another embodiment of the invention. FIGS. 9 and 10 are exploded front and rear views of an environmental data monitor 10 in accordance with the invention, respectively. In the example of this description, monitor 10 is adapted for use in monitoring environmental conditions associated with heat stress, and has sensors and programming appropriate for that application. However, monitor 10 could be easily adapted for monitoring other environmental conditions, such as cold, air quality, and noise. Appropriate sensors could be added or substituted for those described herein.
[0063] Structurally, monitor 10 is comprised of a main body 10 a and a sensor module 10 b. In FIGS. 9 and 10, sensor module 10 b is in the "deployed" position, positioned for operation of its sensors. A hinged rear cover 22 of main body 10 a is open, but could be closed to protect the sensors of sensor module 10 b during use.
[0064] The main body 10 a of monitor 10 has a front piece 11, a keypad 12, a CPU board 13, with a midpiece 14, a battery cover 21, a rear cover 22 with latch 22 a, an endpiece 15, and a sensor module connector 16.
[0065] CPU board 13 is located between front piece 11 and midpiece 14. On its front side, CPU board 13 contains the graphics display and traces for keypad 12. Other electronic components are on the rear side. The electrical circuitry of CPU board 13 is explained below in connection with FIG. 13.
[0066] Midpiece 14 has a curved sensor bed 14 c at its top end. As explained below, sensor bed 14 c, such that sensor module 10 b may rotate at least 180 degrees. FIG. 10 illustrates this rotation.
[0067] Sensor module connector 16 attaches to midpiece 14, such as by screws. The attachment is after its wiring harness 16 a is threaded to CPU board 13. Sensor module connector 16 has alignment holes 16 b, which prevent a rotating connector 32 on sensor module 10 b from making contact with sensor module connector 16 until it is properly aligned.
[0068] A battery compartment 14 a in midpiece 14 contains four AA-size batteries wired in series to provide a nominal six-volt DC power source. A battery cover 21 is a friction fit rubber cover, which seals the battery compartment 14 a when rear cover 22 is closed.
[0069] The '+' and '−' terminals of the batteries protrude through the battery compartment 14 a and a wiring harness connects them to CPU board 13. An external connector 14 b also attaches to CPU board 13 with a wiring harness. All wiring harnesses are of sufficient length to allow CPU board 13 to be removed from the midpiece 14 and manipulated for repair.
[0070] Once all wiring harnesses are attached to the CPU board 13, keypad 12 is placed into the front piece 11. Keypad 12 is made from conductive rubber and forms a weatherproof seal where it comes in contact with the midpiece 14. The front piece 11 attaches to the midpiece 14 by screws that enter through the rear of the midpiece 14.
[0071] Rear cover 22 and midpiece 14 have a hinge-type attachment 22 a along their bottom edges. A sliding latch 22 b is attached to the rear cover 22 by compression springs, which hold latch 22 b in its latched position. Operating the latch 22 b opens the rear cover 22. A compressible gasket may be attached to the perimeter of the rear cover 22 to serve as a seal and to allow the rear cover 22 to spring out from the midpiece 14 when unlatched.
[0072] Sensor module 10 b is cylindrical in shape, with a rotating connector 32 at one end and a rotation knob 17 at the other. Connector 32 permits sensor module 10 b to rotate within the sensor bed 14 c of midpiece 14.
[0073] When monitor 10 is in the "storage" position (not shown), sensor module 10 b is rotated approximately 180 degrees from the "deployed" position illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10. This permits its sensors to be placed under rear cover 22, when cover 22 is hinged shut.
[0074] For assembly, sensor module 10 b is slid into position on the main body 10 a with the sensors in their deployed position and the rear cover 22 unlatched. Once the sensor module 10 b is seated properly, endpiece 15 is positioned over the knob 17 and attached to the midpiece 14 with screws. For the storage position of monitor 10, the sensors can be rotated into the sensor cavities in the midpiece 14, and the rear cover 22 can be closed.
[0075]FIG. 11 illustrates sensor module 10 b in further detail. A feature of the invention is that monitor 10 easily permits sensor modules 10 b to be interchanged and used with the main body 10 a. All signal processing and calibration information is stored in the sensor module 10 b, with a digital control interface to the main body 10 a.
[0076] Sensor module 10 b is comprised of a cylindrical housing 31, having an upper half 31 a and a lower half 31 b. The two parts of housing 31 are screwed together, ultrasonically welded, glued, or otherwise attached.
[0077] The upper half 31 a provides a platform for various sensors. In the embodiment of FIG. 11, sensor module 10 b has a dry bulb sensor 33, relative humidity sensor 34, black globe sensor 35, and wind speed sensor 36. Thus, monitor 10 has three thermistors: dry bulb, black globe, and wind speed. Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is obtained by measuring relative humidity with sensor 34 and the dry bulb temperature with sensor 33 and using a mathematical formula to determine wet bulb temperature. Alternatively, a dedicated wet bulb sensor could be used.
[0078] The dry bulb sensor 33, globe sensor 35, and wind speed sensor 36 are each located on a mast 33 a, 35 a, and 36 a. These masts protrude perpendicular to the face of the cylindrical housing 31. A removable light-shadowing housing 34 b covers the humidity sensor 34.
[0079] Sensor PCB (printed circuit board) 38 is contained within sensor housing 31, between upper half 31 a and the lower half 31 b. Sensor PCB 38 contains the sensor electronics 50, described below in connection with FIG. 14.
[0080] An atmospheric pressure sensor 37 is located inside sensor module 10 b. In the embodiment of FIG. 11 pressure sensor 37 is mounted on the underside of sensor PCB 38.
[0081] At one end of sensor module 10 b is a rotating connector 32, which has a groove on its edge to allow it to rotate within cylindrical housing 31. The upper half 31 a and lower half 31 b of housing 31 have mating ridges. An O-ring 32 b is slipped onto the cylindrical housing 31.
[0082] When rotating connector 32 is plugged into fixed connector 16, there is a seated rotating connection between sensor module 10 b and main body 10 a. As a result of the rotating connector 32 and O-ring 32 b, sensor module 10 b is sealed from the effects of the environment. Alignment pins 32 c provide strain relief for the connector pins and sockets when sensor module 10 b is rotated.
[0083] Referring again to FIGS. 9 and 10, main body 10 a has cavities into which the various sensors fit when sensor module 10 b is rotated approximately 180 degrees into a "storage" position. The arrow is FIG. 10 illustrates the direction of rotation. The hinged rear cover 22 is closed to protect the sensors when they are stored. Cover 22 can also be re-closed after it is opened and the sensors are deployed into their "operate" position.
[0084] As stated above in connection with FIGS. 9 and 10 and as also illustrated in FIG. 12, main body 10 a has an endpiece 15. The endpiece 15 fits over a rotation knob 17 on sensor module 10 b. It attaches to main body 10 a and holds sensor module 10 b in place. Endpiece 15 may be removed to permit sensor module 10 b to be removed, such as for replacement or repair.
[0085] Discrete wires 32 d from the rotating connector 32 are attached to the sensor PCB 38. When the assembled sensor module 10 b is attached to the main body 10 a, rotating connector 32 is held in a fixed position with respect to the main body 10 a by a mated connection. When the knob 17 is used to rotate the sensor module 10 b, the upper half 31 a, lower half 31 b, and sensor PCB 38 rotates around the rotating connector 32.
[0086]FIGS. 13 and 14 are functional block diagrams of the electronics of the present invention. FIG. 13 illustrates the main electronics 50 contained within main body 10 a. FIG. 14 illustrates the sensor electronics 60 contained within sensor module 10 b. A serial digital interface 50 a provides the electrical connection between main electronics 50 and sensor electronics 60.
[0087] Main electronics 50 has a central processing unit (CPU) 51 a with a peripheral system device (PSD) 51 b. The PSD 51 b provides address decode logic, additional static RAM and digital I/O ports, and a bootloader routine for the flash memory 53. A static RAM 54 provides both scratchpad memory and nonvolatile storage for data logging applications. RAM 54 is backed up by a lithium battery 55. The lithium battery 55 also maintains a real time clock 56, which can be used for timestamping logged data. The graphics display 57 is addressed by the CPU 51 a and uses a digital potentiometer 57 a for contrast adjustment. The backlight control for the graphics display 57 is controlled by the PSD 51 b. The keypad 52 is interfaced to digital I/O ports on the PSD 51 b.
[0088] The system is powered by a DC power source, which may be either user-replaceable batteries placed in compartment 14 a or an external power source.
[0089] An RS-232 converter 58 converts the TTL-level signals on the CPU board 10 to RS-232 signals for the external serial connector. The main body 10 a of monitor 10 functions as an intelligent user interface containing the graphics display, keypad, power supply CPU and associated digital electronics. The main body also contains an external port that can be used to supply external power and communicate with a personal computer through an RS-232 interface. Software can also be loaded into the device through this port and stored in flash memory.
[0090] The connection between main body 10 a and sensor module 10 b provides battery power, supply voltage, and a digital control interface. All sensing electronics and storage for calibration and sensor identification information is located on the sensor module 10 b. This allows sensor module 10 b to be calibrated independently of the main body 10 a and to produce the same results when attached to any main body 10 a.
[0091] The design of monitor 10 permits different types of sensor modules to be used with the main body, whereby the sensor module 10 b can be queried by the main body 10 a to determine the type of each sensor and its calibration information. The application software in the main body 10 a can then configure itself to acquire and display the sensor data. Alternatively, a dedicated application for a given type of sensor module 10 b can be loaded into the flash memory 53 through an external port.
[0092] Referring to FIG. 14, the sensor electronics 60 contains signal conditioning circuitry for the dry bulb sensor 33, the black globe sensor 35, the relative humidity sensor 34, the wind speed sensor 36, and the pressure sensor 37.
[0093] The analog voltages produced by the various sensors are digitized by the A/D converter 62. A D/A converter 63 is used to provide current to the wind speed sensor 36 and to heat it to a constant temperature above the dry bulb temperature. The amount of power required to heat the wind speed sensor 36 is related to the wind speed.
[0094] An EEPROM 64 stores all calibration information related to the sensors 33-37. The calibration information may include various calibration constants, unique to each sensor. In general, all circuitry and programming unique to any sensor is placed on sensor module 10 b rather than in main body 10 a so that sensor modules having the same, or different, sensors may be easily interchanged.
[0095] A/D converter 62, D/A converter 63, and EEPROM 64 all share the same serial control lines on the interface 50 a, with the exception of their chip select signals. This minimizes the number of connections that need to be made between the CPU electronics 50 and the sensor electronics 60.
[0096] Voltage regulator 65 produces a stepped-up voltage for the sensor electronics 60. The battery voltage is delivered to the sensor electronics 60, where it is input to a battery monitor 66, whose output signal is converted to digital form by A/D converter 62, and delivered back to the CPU electronics 60. The location of battery monitor 66 in sensor electronics 60 is merely for convenience of using A/D converter 62, and in other embodiments, battery monitor 66 could be part of CPU electronics 50.
[0097] CPU 51 a can be programmed to execute various environmental data processing algorithms. For example, when monitor 10 is used to heat stress monitoring, known heat strain models can be used. For example, a model based on the WBGT index may be used.
[0098] A feature of the invention is the incorporation of wind speed into heat strain models. As a result, the effect of evaporative cooling is considered in determining weather effects.
[0099] Measured parameter data acquired from sensor module 10 b can be combined with user input parameter data acquired via keypad 12 or other means. Such parameters might include, clothing type, work type, or work rate.
[0100] As stated above, monitor 10 can be easily adapted for use with other or additional sensors. For example, one sensor might be an air quality sensor, such as one that measures oxygen content or one or more pollutants. Or, a sensor might measure noise. Other sensors might measure the user's physiological conditions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, or body temperature (skin or core). For physiological monitoring, sensors such as used by athletes could be used—for example, a heart rate monitor that attaches to the user's finger and provides input to the A/D converter 62 of sensor module 10 b or directly to the processor 51 of the main body 10 a.
[0101] Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art. It is, therefore, contemplated that the appended claims will cover all modifications that fall within the true scope of the invention.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 3, 2003
|Nov 20, 2007
|Tommi Lennart Kuutti
|Digital situation indicator
|Aug 27, 2007
|Jun 7, 2011
|Fred Wu
|Data logger system
|Dec 19, 2006
|Dec 4, 2012
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
|Stressor sensor and stress management system
|Sep 7, 2007
|Dec 4, 2012
|Lord Corporation
|Heat stress, plant stress and plant health monitor system
|Sep 15, 2011
|Sep 9, 2014
|Colorado State University Research Foundation
|Multi-sensor environmental and physiological monitor system and methods of use
|Jan 3, 2003
|Jul 8, 2004
|Kuutti Tommi Lennart
|Digital situation indicator
|Jul 31, 2003
|Feb 3, 2005
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Self-contained and automated eLibrary profiling system
|Apr 11, 2005
|Oct 12, 2006
|Dong-Chang Lin
|Environment detector with a four-in-one probe
|Oct 30, 2007
|Jul 10, 2008
|John Stivoric
|Systems, methods, and devices to determine and predict physilogical states of individuals and to administer therapy, reports, notifications, and the like therefor
|May 6, 2009
|Nov 11, 2010
|Asm America, Inc.
|Smart Temperature Measuring Device
|Mar 31, 2015
|Jul 23, 2015
|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Autonomous memory subsystem architecture
|Mar 8, 2013
|Apr 8, 2014
|Asm Ip Holding B.V.
|Dec 19, 2006
|Jun 28, 2007
|Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv
|Stressor sensor and stress management system
|Sep 11, 2008
|Mar 19, 2009
|Tag Innovacion S A
|Intelligent wearing apparel
|U.S. Classification
|374/45, 374/143, 374/142
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 4, 2001
Owner name: ARMY, UNITED STATES, MARYLAND
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MATTHEW, WILLIAM T.;STROSCHEIN, LEANDER A.;MCGRATH, JOSEPH M.;REEL/FRAME:012154/0886
Effective date: 20010511


text:
Does Susan Rice think Benjamin Netanyahu is a racist?
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By CAROLINE B. GLICK
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Parks, Doha
10 Reviews
10 Reviews
If you happen to be in Doha during the annual Doha Cultural Festival, be sure to check it out. It lasts for a week or two, during which there are performances, lectures, and other events happening throughout the city. Finding out details about these can be a challenge, but you can start with the festival's website. Some performances require tickets, which can be bought at the door or ahead of time at two of the local shopping malls - City Centre or the one that's creatively named The Mall.
One thing that doesn't require tickets is the heritage village in Al Bidda park. This is a reconstruction of what a Qatari village was like a hundred years ago. Actually, this is probably just about what Doha was like a hundred years ago! Local crafts and foods are sold here, and demonstrations are given on aspects of local culture, such as pearl diving. Singing and dancing performances are held here in the evening.
This was written during the 2006 festival, which was held in late March/early April. Remember things can easily change in subsequent years, so do your own research.
Al Corniche is a long seaside promenade that goes along the bay and offers bpretty views of Palm Tree Island and the city's skyscrapers. Cycling is prohibited along the Corniche but you will meet many people jogging.
There are many parks near the Corniche which are ideal for families.
The best place to walk is along the Corniche. It follows the wide sweep of the bay. If there are children with you they can go down and play on the beach, or roll on the grass in the 'parks'.
There are hotels and restaurants at either end of the bay where you can eat or relax.
Disneyland this is not. But there is an undeniable appeal knowing that, as your coaster starts down the climactic curving precipice, the warm wind blowing into your gaping mouth comes straight from the Gulf. A Ferris wheel and bumper cars round off the excitement at what is known by many as "Entertainment City". Mondays and Wednesdays are reserved for women and children only.
This park is very small but is well-maintained and full of flowers, which is a real rarity in Doha. Well, ok, some of the roundabouts have recently been planted with flowers too, but as for a place to walk amongst them and smell them, this is the only one I can think of. It also has architectural elements like gates and watchtowers, which are new but are built in the old traditional style.
Palm Tree Island is an Island off the Persian Gulf. you can take a Dohw Boat ( qatar's tradition boat) to the Island and enjoy your meal and relax on the beach. It's very nice there. There is also a park there with some ATV rides and playgrounds.
This park is located near the waterfront and the Corniche. It's a family park that has playgrounds and manicured pathways. It is also where the Pearl Man's shop is. The Qatar heritage park is also located on the south end of the park, home of the Doha Cultural Festival.
The Corniche is the walkway that goes along the entire waterfront of Doha Harbor.
You can stroll the entire length, and encounter various parks, fountains, statues and hotels. Along the way, you'll see many of the residents of Doha walking also, including locals, tourists and expats.
Doha is a great place for plane-spotters. Since the airport is in the city, you don't need to travel 20-30 kms to find a place from which you can take photos of the aircrafts departing or on approach. E.g. parking lot at Doha club (close to Marriott hotel) is a perfect venue for this activity. Be aware that since Qatar is a small country, the traffic at the airport is also some kind of hectic. The peak hours (according to my experiences) are around 8am, 10am, and 5pm.
You can combine plane-spotting with swimming, since there is also a small beach next to Marriott.
The other good place for this hobby is Al Wakrah, just 10kms south from Doha, where the planes are coming in very low.
One of the great areas of Doha to take a family or see local familys walking and relaxing is in one of Doha's many parks. In some the architectural layout of some of the commercial areas become a part of the park themselves.
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text: Painted Reclaimed Timber Bookcase by The Orchard Furniture £889$1926.46€1315.63$1462.58 In stock This item is not available for delivery to United States. quantity by The Orchard Furniture Location: Leicestershire, GB read seller's profile see seller's complete range more items from this seller Reclaimed Timber Double Door Vitrine £1643$3560.38€2431.47$2703.06 French Country Two Door Glazed Display Unit £1103$2390.20€1632.32$1814.65 Brocante Bookcase £725$1571.07€1072.92$1192.77 Etienne Large Bookcase £765$1657.75€1132.12$1258.57 Washed Rattan Twin Basket Bench £317$686.93€469.12$521.52 French Country Coffee Table £293$634.93€433.61$482.04 view all you may also like PRODUCT DETAILS DELIVERY RETURNS ask seller a question save for later Generously proportioned and stylishly designed, our Painted Reclaimed Timber Bookcase is a great solution to any room in need of extra storage space. This pieces lends itself to so many rooms, from lounge, to study, to hallway or even a bedroom or bathroom. Four shelves mean ample room for books, DVDs, games, linens or towels or simply decorative items. The bottom shelf-space has an opening in the back for cables, enabling for a sound system to be stored and used without cables spilling out of the front. Finally, two large drawers complete the bookcase's storage options. The pieces is finished in distressed white paint with a wood stained interior made from: All of the items in our Reclaimed Timber - Painted range are upcycled from reclaimed materials, and then undergo a hand-distressing by a team of artisans with years of experience in how best to amplify the natural look and feel of the raw wood. dimensions: H170 x W80 x D35cm product code: 311568 This product is dispatched to you by The Orchard Furniture. By purchasing this item you agree to the stated 28-35 days delivery lead time. In the event of any change you will be notified of a revised delivery date by email; if you do not respond you will be deemed to have agreed to the revised date. MAINLAND UK order now and receive this item on or before price Standard Delivery Monday 16 November £49.00$106.18€72.51$80.61 NON-MAINLAND UK estimated delivery price Not currently available for this region INTERNATIONAL DELIVERY estimated delivery price Not currently available for this region You have 28 days, from receipt of cancellable goods, to notify the seller if you wish to cancel your order or exchange an item. Please note: goods that are personalised, bespoke or made-to-order to your specific requirements, perishable products and personal items sold with a hygiene seal (cosmetics, underwear) in instances where the seal is broken are non-refundable, unless faulty. Read more about our returns policy.Should you choose to return or exchange your order you will need to deliver the item(s) to the UK, where this seller is based. The Orchard Furniture's return policy


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Poland Backs Germany: Extradite Dubai Suspect
Mossad man suspected of assassinating Hamas leader with forged passport.
By: News Staff
According to a Polish prosecutor spokesman, a Warsaw court will be asked to heed Germany's request to extradite an Israeli man who linked to the Dubai killing of a Hamas official.
Prosecutors were acting in accordance with court procedures, and disregarding national politics, the Polish Press Agency reported.
The Israeli citizen, who used the name Uri Brodksy, was arrested in Poland this past weekend. He is suspected of obtaining a forged German passport used by a member of the group who killed Hamas commander Mahmoud al-Mabhouh in a Dubai hotel room in January.
A spokesman for the Polish court said on Monday that a ruling would be delivered within a month regarding whether the man will be extradited.
"The man sought by Germany was detained a week ago. He will be held for up to 40 days and during this time the court will have to rule whether to extradite him," said Wojciech Malek, a spokesman for the Warsaw district court.
Dubai has accused Israel of being behind the assassination, having provided the names of more than two dozen suspected members of a hit squad it claims killed the Hamas operative, using counterfeit German, French, Irish, British and Australian passports.
A spokesman for German's justice ministry declined to elaborate on the matter, but said that according to EU policy, an extradition must take place within 40 days of an arrest.
This Couple is Documenting their Conversion to Judaism on InstagramAugust 27, 2015 | By Sy Berg
2HipJews are putting the 'modern' back into modern Orthodox
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After nearly 7 years, we are sadly ending Shalom Life's run.
Shaw Festival Review: The Intelligent Homosexual's Guide...August 26, 2015 | By Hermine Steinberg
Tony Kushner's family drama challenges it's audiences on so many levels, it leaves you breathless and beaten. It is awesome; astounding, humbling, overwhelming and remarkable.
Shaw Festival Review- The Divine: A Play for Sarah BerhnardtAugust 23, 2015 | By Hermine Steinberg
This powerful play based on a true story is an absolute must-see this summer.
Top 10 Most Influential LGBT JewsAugust 14, 2015 | By Ashley Baylen
These 10 LGBT celebrities are an inspiration to us all.
Crossfit "Guru" Does Handstand at Holocaust MemorialAugust 14, 2015 | By Daina Goldfinger
Dave Driskell apologized Monday evening for his actions
There's a Jewish Rapper with a #1 Hit Record, and His Name's Not DrakeAugust 14, 2015 | By B. Shane Morganstein
Lil Dicky's 'Professional Rapper' sells 22,000 copies in its first week
Ben Gurion Airport Breaks All-Time Travel RecordsAugust 14, 2015 | By B. Shane Morganstein
Reports indicate that some 78,000 travelers passed through the Israeli airport in a single day
Jewish Top 10s: Baby Names News » World


text:
Everything in this folder should be generic.
Everything in this folder should be generic.
If you need to make non-generic changes make them in a separate config file or
copy one of the files into the config directory and require it from
This is very alpha. Some dependencies will be removed in the future.
In the project this application is used in:
require('config') must resolve to a function that returns a dictionary containing configuration options.
require('config/logging') must resolve to a function.
All dependencies in
package.json must be installed.


text:
Maybe The Fed Jumped The Gun A Little?
A day late come the kind of "meh, not great" economic indicators that could have […]
John Paulson Has Exciting News For His Relatives, Long-Lost And Otherwise
Who wants a nice ski lodge? Anybody interested in a place on the beach? Today's […]
High-Frequency Monitoring: A Short-Sighted Behavior
The more frequently you monitor your portfolio, the more likely you are to observe a loss.
This is likely to cause short-sighted decisions and could hurt your investment performance.
If you are checking your portfolio more than once per quarter, you're doing it too much.
Click to read more.
Dan Egan, Betterment Director of Behavioral Finance and Investing
Buy The House Tainted Only By Michael Jackson's Death And Not Of Other Stuff
Have you gotten started on your list of treats to buy with 2010's year-end bonus? […]
For The Love Of God, Somebody Buy Ken Lewis's House(s)
Back in February, we put a once in a lifetime offer on the table. Buy […]
Buy Lloyd Blankfein's House (NOW ON SALE)
Lloyd and his wife Laura has been comfortably ensconced in their new pad in 15CPW […]


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Priced lower than its bigger sibling and other gourmet coffeemakers, the $140 Bonavita is built to brew less java -- but it fails to do it well.
While the pricey $190 Zojirushi Fresh Brew Plus Thermal Carafe coffee maker gets some things right, the java it brews is bitter and over extracted.
The end to a public fight between the publishing industry and the massive e-book distributor could spell relief for authors. It also gives Amazon customers access, finally, to Hachette titles.
Think twice about choosing the Melitta 10-Cup Coffeemaker to save cash.
The flagship brewer from the new Keurig 2.0 generation of coffeemakers was too restrictive for our tastes.
The creator and star of a new Web series making fun of the sci-fi convention experience tells us how his moment of panic led him to create "Con Man".
Learn what this new feature does and how to turn it on.
The company will partner with an unnamed kitchenware company to create precision cooking tools. Meld's creators will refund 1,550 backers who gave more than $209,000 to fund the smart oven knob.
Author Chuck Wendig tells fans to "stop being the Empire" after they criticize him for making the lead character gay in his novel "Star Wars: Aftermath."
GameSpot talks to Blizzard about aggro irritation, console opportunities and building a game with a 20-year plan.


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35, Reno, NVMy Catholic faith and my family are the most important things in my life. I don't profess to be a perfect Catholic, but I believe and honor the Church's teaching and strive to...
59, Reno, NVI am a professional woman with a few very good, close friends. My elderly mother has lived with me for the last 10 years. I have been married only once and believed it was a h...
49, Carson City, NVI am passionate about my family and friends. I am a pretty weasy going person, I am willing to try new adventures. I love music, travel, outdoor activities, spending time wi...
35, Carson City, NVI am a very active single mom. I love my kids and family. We spend lots of time outside and on family adventures. It is a blessing that I enjoy going to work. I love what I do...
62, Reno, NVOccupation: Education / Teacher / Academic Research; Height: 5' 6"; Eye Color: Blue; Hair Color: Red; P...
39, Reno, NVI enjoy outdoor activities.. Snowboarding, wake boarding, hiking, camping, working out. I enjoy my job it lets me meet and converse with tons of people daily..never gets borin...
54, Reno, NVThis is such a hard question, because I can be a lot of different people. It's difficult to be honest on this question, because it's tempting to say what you want yourself to ...
60, Reno, NVI'm a Chicago native, moved to Reno 10 years ago and really enjoy living in the West! Have a variety of interests, ranging from concerts (favorite music is classic rock), muse...
38, Carson City, NVI like the charismatic group I lookin for some person share the same faith I thinking the faith is the most important part in the family and the life I like people humble hone...
28, Reno, NVMy name is Amy and I am just tired of being alone. Or not finding the right guy for me. I know he is out there somewhere. I have played volleyball for 13 years and counting! I...
57, Carson City, NVHi my name is Ladena, I like going for bike rides in the park and picnics. I like keeping things tidy at home. I enjoy western and funny movies. Dancing is fun too. I e...
38, Carson City, NVHi I'm from charismatic group I love my family enjoy life I'm looking for a good kind humble responsible nice man who share a faith with me I love my religion god is wond...
Catholic Dating By Major City:
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- Silver Springs,
- Minden,
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text:
I believe eliminating Missouri's state income tax and raising the sales tax would finally level the playing field for all taxpayers. I'm sick and tired of those who have the means to buy high-ticket items before April 15, only to deduct them through a loophole.
WHAT will it take for people to stop breeding killer pit bulls? Where do they think the name comes from?
IF there is a government shutdown, the first thing that should be shut down is Congress, as its members went two years and could only say no. They do not deserve their pay, period.
I think it is terrible that MoDOT is closing the rest stops along Interstate 55. We have made many trips to St. Louis, and the rest stops have been a godsend. If you have bladder problems, a rest stop is welcome. I am sure if you talk to the truck drivers they would agree they would rather have the rest stops rather than the extra parking spaces.
IT is a shame that the four Americans who sailed into hostile waters were killed. I believe that the U.S. has enough to deal with without protecting those who knowingly leave friendly waters to follow their dreams.
I like the idea of having a little larger sales tax and no income tax in Missouri. It would relieve people of a lot of tax paperwork. But you have to be careful about the details. Consumers in Missouri will likely want to go to other states that have a lower sales tax. Still, people from other states will want to find jobs in Missouri so they will have a lower income tax.


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What is the TATRY Card?
The regional TATRY Card is the key to new experiences and activities that the Region of the High Tatras offers.
An ecological water park, mountain resorts with cable cars and chairlifts, sports activities, culture and history – all this guarantees unforgettable moments on an attractive holiday.
Have fun with all your family and enjoy boating, an adrenaline rope park, tubing, cycling, Segway or learn Nordic walking and golf. Take a walk in the beautiful nature of the Tatra National Park and then, recharge your batteries in modern wellness centres and taste delicious culinary art in restaurants that serve national and international specialities.
Brand new offers of this summer season include the GENERALI mountain insurance for hiking trips along marked tourist trails and ecological transport in the High Tatras with trains of the ZSSK company (Slovak Railways) on the routes of the Tatra Electric Railway, Rack Railway and the route Poprad-Tatry – Studený Potok – Tatranská Lomnica, where the TATRY Card can be used as a travel ticket.
How to get the TATRY Card?
Buy your personal regional card at your accommodation provider. It costs 3 € in facilities located in the Region of the High Tatras (town of Vysoké Tatry, town of Poprad and settlement of Štrba) and 4 € in the foothills. The TATRY Card is valid during the whole stay of yours, from the moment you check in at your accommodation facility to the day you leave. The maximum period of validity of 1 card is 10 nights (11 days). If you stay longer than for 10 nights, you will get another stay activated on your card by your accommodation facility.
click for more information
How to use benefits with the TATRY Card?
Don´t leave your TATRY Card at your accommodation facility. Take it everywhere you go and show it to our partners marked with the "We accept the TATRY Card" sticker. For a list of partners and more information, please read this information brochure. Discount rates, price reductions and services included in the card are displayed in the description of each product or service and they are fixed during the whole season. Prices set by individual service providers are subject to change. Unless specified otherwise, the discounts are available during the whole summer season from 30/5/2015 to 1/11/2015.
For a list of our partners, please read HERE.
For more information and rules of the TATRY Card programme, please click HERE.


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Tripar International Inc Plate Hangers
Item # xprd769407
$2.99 - $3.99 $2.39-$3.19
Online Only
Select Color:Click on a swatch to check availability and Add to BagSelect a name from the menu to check availability and Add to BagCOLOR:View Details
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Additional Information
Organize your dinner plates in style with the Tripar White Plate Hangers 5''. Specially designed to accommodate plates measuring 5 to 7.5 inches, these PVC coated wire hangers are flexible enough to prevent the plates from scratches. The lacquered springs are tarnish-resistant, while the durable hanging bracket safeguards the plates in standing position. These plate hangers are just what you need to display oval, round or scalloped plates or tiles. Choose from three different sizes in these plate hangers to accommodate other plates sizes.
- Brand: Tripar International Inc
- Includes a plate hanger
- Size: 5 inches (plate hanger)


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Note: This is another part of our Activist Spotlight series, where we shine a light on Care2 members who are making a difference in their communities.
To Care2 member Ryan Kempster, the ocean was always rather exotic. Growing up in an industrial town in England, he never had much of a chance to become familiar with beach sand, salt water and marine wildlife. Instead, he discovered that his true passion was marine biology by spending hours watching nature shows on television.
Now Ryan is in the midst of a PhD program at the University of Western Australia. He has traveled all over the world to protect the marine ecosystems he loves, monitoring Fiji's coral reefs, rescuing sea turtles from poachers in Costa Rica, and restoring Thai mangrove forests. "I am one of those lucky few that get upset when I have to go home at the end of the day and can't wait to start work again the next day," he laughs.
Ultimately, it is sharks that capture Ryan's attention like nothing else. In fact, he is in Australia because he was awarded a prestigious international scholarship to conduct shark research at the University of Western Australia. He bemoans the fact that humans kill tens of millions of these ancient apex predators each year; in fact, according to the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), 32% of shark species are threatened with extinction, with another 20% are at risk of becoming threatened in the near future.
"Most sharks serve as top predators at the pinnacle of the marine food pyramid," Ryan explains, "and so play a critical role in ocean ecosystems. Increased public awareness and engagement, as well as greater transparency and accountability in decision-making processes, are key to elevating the management priority of sharks and effectively conserving their populations."
To this end, Ryan has set up Support Our Sharks (SOS), which has a corresponding Facebook page and a support base of 5,500 people. He is excited that 2011 was a such great year for shark conservation, explaining that more and more countries are starting to make shark protection a priority, banning shark products and establishing shark trade bans. Areas of wide open ocean totaling twice the size of Greenland (1.8 million square miles) have been made into shark sanctuaries.
In the midst of his busy academic and advocacy schedule, Ryan thanks Care2 for helping with his recent anti-shark cull campaign, which gathered nearly 19,000 signatures from members like you.
"The ease at which you can set up an online petition is a key part of the Care2 appeal," he says. "Within minutes of hearing about the proposed shark cull in Western Australia, I set up the Care2 petition and had people showing their support against the cull with a simple and quick click of a button. Care2 is a great and effective tool for gathering support and I look forward to making use of the site more in the future."
Thank you, Ryan, for making a difference with Care2!
Related Stories:
The Tide is Turning for Sharks
First Hybrid Sharks Found Off Australia
Read more: activist spotlight, marine biology, ocean, ryan kempster, shark cull, shark sanctuary, sharks, western australia
Well done Ryan. Thank God we have people like you who care.
Thanks for the article.
Thanks for saving the sharks!
Thank you Ryan for all that you are doing for these Sharks. If they could, they would thank you, too.
Well done Ryan, keep up the good work :-)
interesting article, thanks for sharing :)
the human creature kills what it fears, what it knows not, and what a thrill of blissful stupidity.
Thank you so much for your comments, I really appreciate your kind words. Everyday I realise just how previlaged I am to have the opportunity to work with such amazing animals. I feel it is my duty to ensure that sharks have a 'voice' in this world and that people are made aware of just how important they are to our own survival. Thank you so much for your support.
Great work Ryan... you're the man! The Support Our Sharks (SOS) site is awesome. Keep inspiring people - every little act has a huge impact on this World, and we're behind you all the way.
Disclaimer: The views expressed above are solely those of the author and may
not reflect those of
Care2, Inc., its employees or advertisers.
So Adorable but dangerous at the same time. I like when Mommy Hippo is aware of her Precious Baby...:) Thank…
Thanks for the heads up!
Get rid of guns, why the heck does anyone need a gun in their house, especially with kids!!
Problem on this page? Briefly let us know what isn't working for you and we'll try to make it right!


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Download Scout by TeleNav iPhone iPad iOS
Finalist - 2012 CNET Best of CES Award!
Think of Scout as your daily personal navigator – a trusted friend who gives you important and customized information on where to go, what to do and how to get there.
Click4more: Related apps scout by telenav
Join tens of millions of people, and use Scout by Telenav to discover places nearby and get personalized turn-by-turn directions, real-time traffic and favorites wherever you go.
Personalized Features:
✔ My Dashboard – always know when to leave with traffic-based drive times just a glance away
✔ My Routes – never get lost with award-winning Telenav® turn-by-turn directions, used to drive more than 10 billion miles every year
✔ My Traffic – avoid traffic jams with real-time traffic for your daily commute
✔ My Places – discover great, new places wherever you are or going to be
✔ My Favorites – remember that great hole-in-the-wall you discovered with my favorites
✔ My Music – hear your iPod tunes without ever leaving your app
✔ My Devices – use Scout on your computer, on your phone, and soon in your car (with equipped cars)
***We are working to bring turn by turn voice navigation to Scout. Stay tuned***
What's the word on Telenav apps?
"The graphics are clean, setting up a destination is easy, and the local search is comprehensive." – Mel Martin, TUAW
"Fire up the app and it`s immediately a commuter`s best friend; the home screen (called My Dashboard) displays real-time commute times (with traffic updates) to work or back home, plus a one-touch local search for places to go." - PC Mag
"Wow - this is awesome! Scout addresses exactly the issues I have while navigating around my new California hometown." - Kyle Thibaut, Aol Autos | TRANSLOGIC
We'd love to hear from you. Please submit an App Store review or send comments or suggestions directly to firstname.lastname@example.com
Supports iPhone 4S, 4 and 3GS; 3G-enabled iPad and iPad 2 only.
Continuously running any GPS service in the background may reduce battery life.
The Scout by TeleNav is now available as a free download on Apple Store for both iPhone and iPad owners.The application is supporting English language. It weighs in at only 22.5 MB to download. It is highly advisable to have the latest app version installed so that you don`t miss out on the fresh new features and improvements. The current app version 188.8.131.52 has been released on 2014-11-04. For ensuring consistency with the device you should take into account the following app compatibility information: Compatible with iPhone 3GS, iPhone 4, iPhone 4S, iPad Wi-Fi + 3G, iPad 2 Wi-Fi + 3G and iPad Wi-Fi + 4G.Requires iOS 4.0 or later.
Bottom Line: For more information about Scout by TeleNav check developer TeleNav, Inc.`s website : http://ourcommunity.telenav.com/telenav
iOS Scout by TeleNav 184.108.40.206 Mobile
Customer Reviews
Really Nice UI
Quick, reactive and intuitive. A better yelp.
No voice - really?
It must have been years since I have used a gps navigator that didn`t have voice guided directions. After using Scout, I am reminded how essential that is for safety and pure convenience. Scout appears to give good routing in my (limited) testing. I like the UI and the search features. Add voice and I will look at the app again. Until then I can`t recommend it over other gps programs.
Beautiful interface and fast
Love this app. It`s intuitive and fast!
Related - Lifestyle - Scout by TeleNav 22.214.171.124
More in Lifestyle - for Scout by TeleNav iPhone
More by TeleNav, Inc. - for Scout by TeleNav app ioS


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Love Doctor
Anatomically alluring RealDolls keep thousands of lonely men company around the world. But the lifelike figures can get damaged. And when that happens, those men call Slade Fiero. Meet America's sex-doll repairman.
Read the Story
Flirting with Disaster
Want your girlfriend to try a little Sapphic action? Be careful what you wish for, as most men aren't prepared for what happens after their wives or girlfriends do a shot of the Tila Tequila punch.
Read the Story
The Greatest Virginity Story Ever Told
His name is Otto Baxter. He is 21, and he is a virgin. When guys go to Vegas, there's usually only one thing on their minds. Otto is no different—except for the fact that he has Down syndrome.
The Curious Case of Gay-Porn-Star Identical Twins
Gorgeous twins partnering up for Mission: Impossible–style heists may sound like the premise of a Hollywood action thriller, but the Goffney brothers' tale is more the stuff of a XXX-rated David Lynch film.
How Internet Porn Is Changing Teen Sex
Forget awkward fumblings in the back of the bus. Junior's thinking more along the lines of reverse-cowgirl anal.
The Orgasm to Die For?
Autoerotic asphyxiation is taking sex to another level. And it's killing hundreds of men every year.
Why Jealous Girlfriends Are the Ultimate Turn-On
Most guys would end a relationship if their suit got slashed or their Audi was torched. But for some, jealousy is the best aphrodisiac.
The New Infidelity
Adultery is alive and well—and it's happening where you least expect it. Here's how to survive when it's your woman who starts to stray.
Would You Let Your Wife Have Another Man's Baby?
More fertile couples are finding it pays to be surrogates.


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16 April 2015
US-based venture capital firm Lead Edge Capital has launched its third fund and registered just under $21.3m of commitments for the vehicle.
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21 August 2014
Charles River Ventures, Ignition Partners and Lead Edge capital have re-upped in a hefty $54m Series C financing round for mobile app development platform Xamarin.
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Free CD Player
Quick Specs
Total Downloads:2,286
Date Added:Dec. 06, 2013
File Size:2.22MB
Downloads Last Week:37
From FreeConvertSoft: Free CD Player lets you to listen your favorite tracks on an audio CD. It can easily play any CD in a sec and can be run on Windows XP, VISTA, Windows 7 and Windows 8. This CD Player is freeware and easy to use. You can you quickly pause or stop the currently playing track, go to the next or the previous song.
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More Products to Consider
- Mix digital music or video replacing your turntables and CD ...Convert CDs to MP3, WMA, WAV, OGG, FLAC formats, convert aud...Play video and audio files, convert to other file formats, b...Create, edit, burn, mount, and encrypt CD, DVD, and BD image...
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Easy to use, solid design.
Refill the tank, load the model, and just press "PRINT"!
Laser sintering technology brings you the highest 3D print quality, and now with Norge's Ice9 and Ice1, you don't have to pay hounded thousands dollars or euros or pounds to bring it to your design studio.
SLS printing technology allows us to build consistent, production ready objects. With Norge printers, no more tiny and fragile prints, but big and bold stuff, made of nylon, rubber, carbon-fibre or glass filled polyamide!
Yes, you read it right. With our printers you can choose the "Engrave/Cut" mode, and start to play, drawing figures on wood, leather, plastic or even the aluminium case of your iPhone!
During these last months, after the 2014 TCT Show in Birmingham, we joined our forces with Prodways, one of the most important 3D printers production companies.
We both share the same addiction to innovation, and the will to change the rules in the 3D printing market, building affordable yet high quality and reliable 3D printing solutions.
So our original project evolved in something bigger, where reliability, repeatability and industrial-ready quality are going to be the key factors, along with a retail price that still will make you fall off your chair.
If you're a designer, and want to bring your creations to life, to durable life, we are sure our printers will satisfy your needs.
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Small series production is a typical robotics and aerospace case. SLS prints are size perfect and ready to use, and a cheap alternative to expensive molds.


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in v5 processor is 1ghz to reduce overheating. for optimal performance of software, do root, flash cwm, and flash another rom, such as 4.1.2 v10 sweden or 4.1.2 v14 belgium! disable/uninstall all unused app in settings.
I was frustrated by this phone. Even though its screen size was O.K for me (4,5"), the price was rather low and the material used acceptable I was facing significant problems on a daily basis. Severe lags, many "own" reboots and one day while being outside I could not activate due to relatively cold weather (around 4 degrees Celsius) !!!!!. Despite its challenging price, do not buy this one, you would get frustrated, remember my words.
I got this phone from a friend and it looked nice and fancy at first, but soon I came to realize all its cons. My parties don't hear me well. Many applications including Camera and Viber very often do not respond or simply close out of the blue. It's painfully slow, it's driving me crazy. Sometimes the Alarm clock doesn't ring although I set everything properly. I can't change the lock screen photo any more although it was possible at the beginning. I can't wait to get a new phone, this one is RUBBISH.
I can not understand why ZTE has changed the specifications from version 3 and 1,2ghz in version 5.0 The phone processor 1ghz...Bought the phone with the specifications under the gsm arena and was surprised to discover that he had other specifications .... buying Christmas 2014 dual core 1ghz,ram 512 but only 386 from the user..and the phone is version 5.0
Rly bad phone, slow, memory lack, camera bugs.... I decided to buy a new phone Oneplus one. This ZTE may be cheap, but frustrating to work with.
Heyyy, 15 Aug 2014Why does my zte bag when i play games?Ya same happens with me when i launch a good game it stops at middle and goes to home
julescore, 12 May 2014i have a problem with listing to my music when i connect my headset the sound is really bad ... moreUse Rocket Player and headphones with thin 3.5 mm jack, headset jacks are too thick to fit in. There's plenteous of good under 30 Eur headphones to buy.
i have a problem with listing to my music
when i connect my headset the sound is really bad
but when i play a little bith with the pin (that you insert in your phone) i get a good sound.
but than when i let go of the pin - the sound is bad again.
anyone who is familiar with this problem?
my headset works on other phones just fine
paul g, 07 May 2014Is anyone use the Endomondo or SportsTracker apps in this phone (or in the V955 with 2 sim)? D... moreEndomondo works fine.
Is anyone use the Endomondo or SportsTracker apps in this phone (or in the V955 with 2 sim)? Does it works? I see that phone doesn't have compass...
Pls, Blade G V7.0 android 4.1.2 has NFC? If it has ,how to activate? Thnk's!
bb, 23 Apr 2014Please help, why is my phone reboots itself sometimes has the latest update? Can I disable unu... moredisabling an app means that the app goes in hibernation, no more battery consumption, or RAM or space on processor. Its actually safest way to stop an app. It doesn't even shows on your menu..i mean app hides.. total hibernation..becomes invisible, better than trying to delete an app by methods like rooting if you don't exactly know the consequences, or an important file may get deleted.
Hey,my phone felt into the water..what shall i do? PLEASE HELP!! this is very important
thank you
bb, 30 Mar 2014Please help, why is my phone reboots itself sometimes has the latest update? Can I disable unu... moreI never had this problem, probably your internal memory is full. You can disable/delete apps you don't use without worries as long they aren't system apps.
Please help, why is my phone reboots itself sometimes has the latest update? Can I disable unused applications, will that harm my phone, for example Google chrome, Google +, hangouts...
Please help, why my phone sometimes restarts by itself, has the latest update? Can I disable unused apps, will that harm my phone, for example sam google apps chrome, google+...
Hello ppl,is there any (but not the nungarian) gustom or cm or some ROM...Can someone help me? Thank you!
compass, 04 Mar 2014No magnetic sensor, so compass apps won't work. The same is for augmented reality orientatin, ... moreMy display is actually 240ppi, not is mentioned here, but still don't have compass or orientation sensor, it iw with newest firmware.. So even maybe a newer better model still not much approved.. anyhow, phone is very good in all else..


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Yea we do accept payment through Paypal and shipping is available..Please text me via (951) x (297) x (9984) for more information and photos$2,500
Missie is a twelve year old Standardbred trotter registered with the United States Trotting Association (USTA). She is a very attractive mare with a warmblood…$6,000
" Macy " is a beautiful solid bay standard bred mare who stands 15.2 and has a nice build to her. She is very comfortable to ride and gaits nicely. She…$2,000
Tootsie "Tootz" is a 17 year old standardbred mare. 16.2 hands. Rides and drives. Trail and traffic safe. Been in parades pulling a wagon. You can take…$900
Belle (may be called Rosie) was sold in the winter of 2003 from what I can find. She was sold to a man in Northern Ohio who then sold her to a family with…$100
Jane is a 9 yr old registered standardbred pacing mare. She is 17.2 rides quietly on trails no vices great feet she is safe for beginner rides like TWH…$1,800
This mare is described as a LOVEBUG! She is easy to catch, groom and mount. Absolutely loves the trails! Much prefers the trails to arena work, but is…$450
Northern Girl is in need of a loving home. She is in overall good health, very friendly and loves to socialize. Northern Girl accepts a bit and a saddle…$300


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Apr 13, 2009 - Effective search marketing requires specialized skills. Is your organization prepared or should it hire an agency? Comments
Mar 30, 2009 - The multimedia software developer shares best practices on preparing Flash pages for search engine optimization. Comments
Mar 16, 2009 - You can't create an all-Flash site and expect the same results that you could get from a pure HTML Web site. Comments
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Jan 5, 2009 - Factors to consider before launching organic and paid search campaigns at the same time. Comments
Dec 22, 2008 - If you have $1, should you invest it in organic or paid search activities? Comments
Dec 8, 2008 - Quick tips for optimizing your paid and organic search efforts to stretch your dollar further. Comments
Nov 24, 2008 - Four steps to build a compelling business case for search marketing initiatives. Comments
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Oct 13, 2008 - Search engine executives hint at the next evolution of the business. Comments
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Jul 7, 2008 - What do marketers need to develop an effective online presence in other countries? Comments
Jun 23, 2008 - Keyword research is the cornerstone of any SEO initiative. This series walks you through the basics. Part one of two. Comments
Jun 9, 2008 - Flash and search engines might never be best friends, but with today's emerging technology, they can indeed play together nicely. Learn how. Comments
May 12, 2008 - What's the secret to getting other sites link to yours and improve your rank on the search engine results page? Comments
October 21-22, 2015
November 17-19, 2015
November 25-26, 2015
April 11-13, 2016
Spring 2016
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October 13, 2015
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November 12, 2015


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I read in the Post yesterday some sick moron booby-trapped some trails near Carbaondale. The BLM is offering a $1000 reward for any information leading to an arrest. The trails mentioned were in the Prince Creek area. Three boards with many sharp nails sticking out were discovered by mtbrs on 6/17 with a clear intent on harming someone. Anyone who has info should call the BLM at 970-876-9000. Thought I would pass this on to those who ride in that area, you never know what this idiot is going to do next, Hope they catch this person(s) soon! Be Safe Out There!
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L.L. Bean to open 1st store Vt.May 30,2014L.L. Bean to
open 1st store Vt.
BURLINGTON Maine-based outdoor retailer L.L. Bean is opening its first store in Vermont this fall.
The 18,000-square-foot store will be in the Burlington Town Center.
Its scheduled to open in late October and employ about 100 people.
L.L. Bean says it decided to expand into Burlington because of the large number of catalog and web customers in the area, and the proximity to natural resources and opportunities for outdoor activities.
Its the companys 20th store outside of Maine.MORE IN This Just InRehearsing for an opera is like training for a marathon, says international performing artist... Full Story
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