text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 19, 1978
|Filing date
|Apr 6, 1977
|Priority date
|Apr 6, 1977
|Publication number
|Larry James Joslyn
|Original Assignee
|Sybron Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (38), Classifications (9), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to an indicator device which measures and makes a permanent record of the operational efficiency of a steam or gas sterilizer and in particular of the amount of residual air present in the sterilizer during a typical cycle of operation.
In steam sterilizing, it is well recognized that the ability to sterilize depends in large part on the adequate removal of air from the sterilizing chamber. For this reason a typical cycle involves the evacuation by one means or another of air prior to the admission of the sterilizing steam. Particularly when porous goods are being steam sterilized, any air in the goods acts as a barrier to the penetration of steam to the center of the goods and consequently, they will not be sterilized.
The usual method to insure that the sterilizer reduces air to an acceptable level is to periodically run a test cycle. The load utilized in the test cycle is a fairly standard test pack made up of porous goods such as linens and the like. Included in the pack is a spore strip which is incubated after the pack has been sterilized. If, after incubation the spore strip shows no bacteria growth, it is assumed that the sterilizer is operating properly. The drawback of such a test procedure is that the size of the test pack precludes the running of both the test load and an ordinary load at the same time so that while the test load is being run, the sterilizer is not available for normal use. Also, since the test load is run alone, there is no assurance that the sterilizer is operating properly between test loads.
There are devices available for continually monitoring the amount of air in the sterilizing chamber. Such devices typically monitor the environment within the sterilizing chamber by continuously bleeding a sample of the steam and entrapped air from the sterilizing chamber and analyzing this sample to determine its air content. Typical of such devices are illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,402,991, 3,479,131 and 3,967,494. Such devices have the disadvantage of requiring special connections to the sterilizing chamber which themselves may become sources of air leaking into the sterilizing chamber when the chamber is evaluated.
The indicating device of the present invention requires no connection of exterior piping to the sterilizing chamber or a special test load. Instead, the indicator of the present invention may be placed into the sterilizing chamber along with the goods to be sterilized. The device requires a minimum of preparation and can provide a permanent record of each sterilizing cycle to show the amount of air, if any, in the chamber during the sterilizing cycle.
In sterilizing with a gas such as ethylene oxide, steam is often used to condition the goods prior to exposure to gas, the steam acting both to heat and moisturize the goods. Here residual air can also present problems so in another form, the present invention would have application to gas sterilizing cycles.
The present invention may be characterized in one aspect thereof by the provision of an upright tube adapted to be placed within a sterilizer, the tube defining an elongated chamber which is closed at its top and open at its bottom to the environment within the sterilizer; a heat sink within the chamber; and a thermal indicator strip extending axially into the chamber for substantially the full height thereof, the strip being impregnated with a chemical that undergoes a permanent color change upon the attainment of a predetermined temperature.
With the foregoing arrangement, the steam component of any air-stream mixture entering the tube chamber from the sterilizer is condensed, leaving a quantity of air at the top of the chamber. This air acts as a barrier to the penetration of steam to the top of the tube chamber and consequently the top of the chamber will be at a slightly cooler temperature than the lower part of the tube chamber. Since the strip in the tube chamber is temperature sensitive, a color change will occur at some point along the length of the thermal strip which corresponds generally to the point of penetration of the steam into the tube chamber. The length of the strip not undergoing a color change can be directly correlated to the amount of air present in the sterilizer during the sterilizing process.
FIG. 1 is an elevation view in cross section of the air detecting device of the present invention for use in steam sterilization; and
FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 only showing an embodiment of the invention for use in gas sterilization.
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows the air detecting device of the present invention generally indicated at 10 as may be used in steam sterilization. The device can be assembled and placed directly into a sterilizing chamber (not shown) along with the load of goods to be sterilized. The device 10 includes a base portion 12 which has an internal passage 14 open to the environment within the sterilizer.
Upstanding from the base member is a tubular portion 20 which is closed at its upper end 22. The upright tubular portion thus defines an elongated chamber 24 which is closed at the top and in open communication at its bottom 26 with the internal passage 14. Accordingly, chamber 24 is also open to the environment within the sterilizer. Both the base 12 and upright tubular portion 20 are preferably made of heat insulating material or at least have their outer surfaces provided with a heat insulating material. Lining the interior surface of tubular portion 20 is a heat sink 28 made of any suitable heat conducting material.
Releasably connected to base member 12, as by threads 30, is a plug 32. The plug extends into the base member and presents one end face 34 in axial alignment with the elongated chamber 24. This end face carries a clamp means such as the spring wire clips 36 as shown. These clips releasably support one end of a thermal indicator strip 38 which extends axially into chamber 24 for substantially the full height of the chamber.
Thermal strip 38 can be any of the thermal indicators well known in the art. These indicators are usually made from a paper stock and are either coated or impregnated with a known chemical that undergoes a permanent color change responsive to a predetermined temperature level. The entire length of the thermal strip is so coated so that it is possible to form a record of the temperature gradient along the full height of chamber 24 or at least to determine at what height into the chamber a particular temperature level is reached.
In operation, the indicator device 10 is prepared by first assembling the device which involves the simple procedure of attaching a thermal strip 38 between spring clips 36. The plug 32 is and then threaded into base portion 12 so as to locate the thermal strip in chamber 24. The assembled indicating device is then placed, in the upright position as shown, into a stream sterilizer along with a typical load to be sterilized.
Preferably, a number of such devices are placed at various locations in the sterilizer.
During a typical sterilizing cycle, the sterilizer is first evacuated which reduces the air in the sterilizer to a low level. Since chamber 24 is open to the sterilizer, the evacuation also reduces the air in chamber 24 to a low level. Next, steam is admitted to the sterilizer. As steam enters through open passage way 14 and into chamber 24, it comes in contact with heat sink 28 and condenses. The condensed steam drains back into the base portion. Any air remaining after evacuation or which had been mixed with the steam becomes trapped and accumulates to form an air pocket at the top of chamber 24. The accumulation of air at the top of chamber 24 acts as a barrier preventing steam from reaching the upper portion of the chamber and acts as a heat insulator for the thermal strip. In this respect, steam cannot penetrate the air barrier so that the portion of indicator strip 38 in the air pocket is at a lower temperature than the portion of the strip below the pocket. Since strip 38 is temperature sensitive, this temperature gradient will be recorded by the strip for measurement after the sterilizing cycle is complete.
Note that if all but a trace of air is removed from the sterilizer during the evacuation step, thermal indicator strip 38 would display an even temperature along its length to indicate sufficient air removal for sterilization. If insufficient air has been removed, the thermal indicator strip would display a color change at some point along its length, the position of the change being an indication of the amount of air in chamber 24.
The amount of steam which is collapsed by the device can be controlled in several ways. For example, the size of the upright portion 20 defining the volume of chamber 24 and the size of heat sink 28 can be controlled or the device can be cooled to a predetermined temperature prior to its placement in the sterilizer. Also it is possible to provide the heat sink with liquid filled areas (not shown) so as to increase the specific heat of the heat sink. In any event, it should be evident that the amount of air in the chamber (which is, in part, a function of the amount of steam collapsed and the amount of air remaining after evacuation) can be determined by correlating the temperature gradient indication on strip 38 to the volume of chamber 24.
Observing the strip upon completion of a sterilizing cycle and noting at what point along the strip a color change occurs, will give an immediate indication of whether sufficient air was removed for proper sterilization. As an added assurance of proper sterilization, the strip can be impregnated with a suitable bacterial spore (as is known in the art) prior to use and then incubated after use.
In the case of sterilization with a gas such as ethylene oxide, a typical cycle would consist of a load conditioning phase and an exposure phase. During the conditioning phase air is drawn from the sterilizing chamber. This can be accomplished by a simple evacuating system or by sweeping the air from the sterilizers by simultaneously introducing and evacuating steam. Steam or water vapor can then be introduced into the sterilizing chamber to heat and humdify the load in preparation for exposure to the gas. If air is not adequately removed from the chamber during the conditioning phase the same air barrier as in steam sterilizing is set up which prevents the proper humidification of the goods and the subsequent penetration of the sterilant gas to all parts of the load. The net result is that the cycle time is greatly dependant upon the amount of residual air in the sterilizing chamber. Accordingly, as with the steam sterilization, it is also important to monitor the residual air during gas sterilization. However, in order to insure that the indicator strip gives an accurate reading of the amount of air remaining in the sterilizer after the conditioning phase, the heating of the strip must stop prior to full pressurization with gas. Otherwise, the gas pressure would further compress the air in the tube. This, and the increase in temperature caused by pressurizing the sterilizer with gas would result in an inaccurate determination of the amount of residual air.
For this reason a slight modification of the invention is required to adapt the air detecting device for use in gas sterilizers as will be seen by referring to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2. As in FIG. 1, the air detecting device includes a base 50 which is open to the environment within the sterilizer (not shown) through a passage 52.
Upstanding from this base is a tubular member 54 which is releasably attached to the base by any suitable means such as threads 56. The tubular member is closed at its upper end 58, so as to define a chamber 60 closed at the top and in open communication through its bottom 62 with the interior of base 50. The base and tubular member are preferably of a heat insulating material with the interior of the tubular member being lined with a heat sink 64.
Disposed in the base is a bellows 68 which operates a valve generally indicated at 70 formed by a sealing member 72 on the bellows and a gasket 74 disposed between the sealing member and an internal flange 76 of the base 50.
Completing the structure is a clamp means 78 on the sealing member. This clamp means supports a thermal indicator strip 80 which extends axially into chamber 60.
In operation, bellows 68 is evacuated during assembly and the components of valve 70 are sized in such a way that the sealing member 72 will remain seated against gasket 74 above some predetermined pressure. For example, a pressure of 2.54 psia will be used. Above this pressure then, valve 70 is closed and chamber 60 is sealed from the environment of the sterilizer. The closed position illustrated in FIG. 2 would now be the condition of the device at atmospheric pressure when it is placed into the sterilzer.
As the sterilizer evacuated and the external pressure on the bellows falls below the internal bellows pressure of 2.54 psia, the bellows will expand so as to unseat the sealing member 72 from gasket 7. This opens chamber 60 and allows air to be evacuated from the chamber as the sterilizer is evacuated.
During the moisturizing phase steam is introduced into the sterilizer in a manner which does not increase the pressure on the bellows. The internal pressure of the bellows will allow the valve to remain open so that steam will enter through passages 52 and around valve 70 into chamber 60. There, as in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the steam loses heat to heat sink 64 and condenses.
After the conditioning phase, the ethylene gas is introduced into the chamber at a pressure above the internal bellows pressure of 2.54 psia. This causes the bellows to collapse and close valve 70 thereby sealing chamber 60 from the environment of the sterilizer.
With chamber 60 sealed, the temperature gradient on the indicator strip will relate to the sterilizer air content during the conditioning phase and therefore will relate directly to the exposure time required for non-hermetrically sealed items. This provides an indication at the end of a cycle of whether the load has been properly preconditioned. In this respect, after removal from the sterilizer tubular member 54 is simply unthreaded from base 50 to observe the color change or color gradient along thermal strip 80.
Thus, it should be appreciated that the present invention accomplishes its intended objects in providing a simple, easily used device for accurately and quickly determining whether or not sufficient air has been removed from the sterilizer to permit sterilization. The device needs no plumbing or other connections to the sterilizer and instead is placed directly into the sterilizer. Inspection of the device when the sterilizing cycle is complete will give an immediate indication of whether sterility has occurred.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 20, 1956
|Mar 11, 1958
|Aseptic Thermo Indicator Compa
|Sterilization indicator
|Aug 23, 1963
|Sep 24, 1968
|Drayton Castle
|Sterilizer and control apparatus
|Jul 25, 1966
|Jun 17, 1969
|Fay James P
|Sterilization control means
|Nov 4, 1966
|Nov 18, 1969
|Manlove Alliott & Co Ltd
|Air-detecting device for steam sterilizers
|Nov 17, 1970
|Jun 6, 1972
|Johnson & Johnson
|Sterilization indicator
|Sep 20, 1971
|Oct 10, 1972
|Tech Nomedic Corp
|Method and means for determining liquid level in a container
|Jan 14, 1972
|Nov 6, 1973
|Sterilizer Control Royalties
|Dummy can vehicle for an indicator device in canned goods sterilizing or cooking operations
|Feb 28, 1975
|Jul 6, 1976
|Sybron Corporation
|Method and apparatus for detecting entrapped air in a steam sterilizer
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 6, 1979
|Jan 5, 1982
|American Sterilizer Company
|Establishing and ascertaining desired air removal in steam sterilization
|Jun 30, 1981
|Feb 8, 1983
|American Sterilizer Company
|Establishing and ascertaining desired air removal in steam sterilization
|Sep 28, 1983
|Apr 1, 1986
|Warner-Lambert Company
|Disposable sterilizer vacuum test pack
|Dec 20, 1984
|Jun 10, 1986
|American Sterilizer Company
|Device for detecting the presence of noncondensable gas in steam sterilizers
|Jun 25, 1986
|Oct 20, 1987
|Nissho Corporation
|Device for sampling blood and measuring erythrocyte sedimentation rate
|Oct 17, 1986
|Jul 26, 1988
|Joslyn Valve Corp.
|Methods and apparatus for steam sterilization
|Jan 17, 1990
|Nov 19, 1991
|Propper Manufacturing Company, Inc.
|Prevacuum steam sterilization test pack
|Feb 1, 1993
|Dec 14, 1993
|Dyke Denis G
|Method and article for providing an indication of the presence of air in steam
|Jun 22, 1994
|Jun 6, 1995
|Colvin; Richard R.
|Sterilizer test method and apparatus
|Oct 20, 1993
|Dec 26, 1995
|Dyke; Denis G.
|Method and article for providing an indication of the presence of air in steam
|Jun 22, 1994
|Feb 13, 1996
|Colvin; Richard R.
|Sterilizer test method and apparatus
|Oct 20, 1997
|Feb 2, 1999
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Protective housing for biological indicator for testing the effectiveness of a sterilization procedure
|Feb 28, 1997
|Apr 20, 1999
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Simplified ethylene oxide sterilization test pack
|Jan 12, 1999
|Mar 12, 2002
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Sterilization indicator with chemically stabilized enzyme
|Aug 5, 1999
|Nov 26, 2002
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Method of using a chemical indicator
|Aug 5, 1999
|Nov 26, 2002
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Electronic system for tracking and monitoring articles to be sterilized and associated method
|Aug 5, 1999
|Dec 3, 2002
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Machine readable sterilization indicator for monitoring articles to be sterilized
|Mar 3, 1999
|Apr 15, 2003
|Eev Limited
|Gas sensors
|Dec 22, 1998
|Oct 7, 2003
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Sterilant challenge device for a sterilization monitoring system
|Aug 5, 1999
|Apr 26, 2005
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Chemical indicator reader
|Dec 11, 2001
|May 24, 2005
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Sterilization indicator with chemically stabilized enzyme
|Feb 24, 2003
|May 16, 2006
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Sterilization indicator test packs
|Feb 19, 2010
|Jul 23, 2013
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Electronic system for tracking and monitoring articles to be sterilized and associated method
|May 5, 2009
|Aug 25, 2015
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Sterilization process challenge device
|Feb 24, 2003
|Nov 20, 2003
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Sterilization indicator test packs
|Nov 14, 2001
|May 13, 2004
|Albert Bosch
|Measuring device for detecting temperature-dependent measure values
|Jun 25, 2004
|Dec 9, 2004
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Sterilization indicator with chemically stabilized enzyme
|Jun 22, 2006
|Oct 26, 2006
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Electronic system for tracking and monitoring articles to be sterilized and associated method
|Nov 28, 2014
|Feb 5, 2015
|Holzner Medizintechnik Gmbh
|Pr�fvorrichtung zur �berwachung der Sterilisationseffektivit�t.
|Aug 16, 1985
|Jul 9, 1986
|American Sterilizer Company
|A device for detecting the presence of noncondensable gas in steam sterilizers
|Jun 14, 1993
|Dec 14, 1994
|Ulrich Dr. Kaiser
|Indicator test system for monitoring air removal and/or sterilisation of full loads in steam sterilisers
|May 5, 1993
|Sep 20, 1995
|COLVIN, Richard R.
|Sterilizer test method and apparatus
|Nov 27, 1995
|Jun 4, 1997
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Testpack for sterilizers
|Nov 8, 1997
|May 13, 1998
|F. & M. Lautenschl�ger
|Method and apparatus for the analysis of vapour from a vapour sterilisation or disinfection plant
|Oct 7, 1996
|Jan 16, 2002
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Sterilizer testing systems
|Apr 20, 2007
|Oct 31, 2007
|ebro Electronic GmbH & Co. KG
|Measuring device for checking the effectiveness of a steam sterilisation process
|Oct 7, 1996
|Apr 10, 1997
|Brian Kirk
|Sterilizer testing systems
|Dec 22, 1998
|Jul 1, 1999
|Wolfgang L Fettweiss
|Sterilant challenge device for a sterilization monitoring system
|U.S. Classification
|422/416, 422/295, 116/207, 374/137, 422/87, 374/162
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 15, 1986
Owner name: SC ACQUISITION CORP., NO. 1, A NEVADA CORP.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:SYBRON CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004607/0079
Effective date: 19860711
Owner name: SC ACQUISITION CORP., NO. 1, A NEVADA CORP., STATE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SYBRON CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004607/0079
Effective date: 19860711
|Aug 7, 1987
Owner name: CASTLE COMPANY
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SC ACQUISITION CORP. NO. 1;REEL/FRAME:004741/0707
Effective date: 19860725
|Feb 27, 1989
Owner name: MDT CORPORATION, A DE CORP.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CASTLE COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:005036/0117
Effective date: 19890221
Owner name: SANTA BARBARA RESEARCH CENTER, GOLETA, CA., A CA C
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CASTLE COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:005036/0117
Effective date: 19890221


text:
When have you seen a river cross itself? Come to the Flume and you will! Featured in Ripley's Believe It or Not for this fact. This concrete structure is the result of many attempts built in wood - devasting floods at the turn of the century were not kind. This is a great spot for bird watching and walking.
If you own or manage Pecos River Flume, register now for free tools to enhance your listing, attract new reviews, and respond to reviewers.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Lessons from a FinTech CEO
For some people, fear and money go hand in hand
Join the NASDAQ Community today and get free, instant access to portfolios, stock ratings, real-time alerts, and more!
American Strategic Income Portfolio III (
) will begin trading ex-dividend on May 01, 2013. A cash dividend
payment of $0.0375 per share is scheduled to be paid on May 15,
2013. Shareholders who purchased CSP stock prior to the ex-dividend
date are eligible for the cash dividend payment. This marks the
18th quarter that CSP has paid the same dividend. At the current
stock price of $7.46, the dividend yield is 6.03%.
The previous trading day's last sale of CSP was $7.46,
representing a -3.37% decrease from the 52 week high of $7.72 and a
9.22% increase over the 52 week low of $6.83.
For more information on the declaration, record and payment
dates, visit the
Dividend History
Enter up to 25 symbols separated by commas or spaces in the text box below. These symbols will be available during your session for use on applicable pages.
You have selected to change your default setting for the Quote Search. This will now be your default target page;
unless you change your configuration again, or you delete your
cookies. Are you sure you want to change your settings?


text:
Genetic and environmental factors have important roles in multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility. A clear parent of origin effect has been shown in several populations, perhaps resulting from factors operating during gestation. Preterm birth (birth at less than 37 weeks gestational age) has been shown to result in long-term health problems, including impaired neurological development. Here, in a population-based cohort, we investigate whether preterm birth increases the risk to subsequently develop MS.
We identified 6585 MS index cases and 2509 spousal controls with preterm birth information from the Canadian Collaborative Project on Genetic Susceptibility to MS. Rates of individuals born preterm were compared for index cases and controls.
There were no significant differences between cases and controls with respect to preterm births. 370 (5.6%) MS index cases and 130 (5.2%) spousal controls were born preterm, p = 0.41.
Preterm birth does not appear to contribute to MS aetiology. Other factors involved in foetal and early development need to be explored to elucidate the mechanism of the increased risk conferred by the apparent maternal effect.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by myelin loss, varying degrees of axonal pathology and progressive neurological dysfunction [1]. With a prevalence of about 1/1000, MS is the most common cause of acquired neurological disability in young adults of Northern European descent [1] other than trauma. The aetiology of MS remains elusive. However, like most common, complex traits, it is clear that genetic and environmental components play important roles, both independently and interactively [2].
A parent-of-origin effect (maternal) has been repeatedly observed in MS, based on data from studies of half-siblings [3], sibships including dizygotic twins [4], a large extended Dutch pedigree [5] and avuncular pairs [6] as well as a documented timing of birth effect [7]. The biological basis of this parent-of-origin effect is as yet unknown, but may arise from environmental components, gene-environment interactions and/or epigenetic modifications.
A "preterm" birth is defined as occurring at less than 37 weeks gestational age [8]. Preterm birth has been increasing in frequency over the last few decades in Western societies, now accounting for some 7% of all births in Canada [9]. Although the cause of preterm labour has no precise aetiology, several maternal risk factors have been implicated, including smoking, stress, infection and nutritional status [8]. Additionally, preterm birth has been observed to vary seasonally [10]. With improvements in perinatal care, such as surfactant therapy and ventilator strategies, survival has steadily improved [8]. This however has been accompanied by concerns about a higher risk of long term health problems among survivors [11]. Although most organs are immature, the brain and lungs are especially susceptible to the consequences of preterm birth, leading to high rates of neurological complications including cerebral palsy, cognitive deficits and neuro-sensory impairments [11]. Preterm birth has been shown to alter brain structure with reduced total cerebral tissue volume and delayed myelination compared to term births [12].
In MS, plaque load does not correlate with axonal loss [13], the accumulation of axonal loss is associated with irreversible disability [14] and natural history data show that the progressive phase is an age-dependent degenerative process [15]. Taken together, these data suggest that a possible mechanism affecting neurodegeneration/neurodevelopment may be involved in MS pathogenesis.
Here, in a population-based cohort, we investigate whether preterm birth increases the risk to subsequently develop MS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on this specific topic.
Cases and controls were identified through the population-based, longitudinal Canadian Collaborative Project on Genetic Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis (CCPGSMS), the methodology of which has been previously described [16,17]. Briefly, specialist MS clinics in 11 cities across Canada use standardised, personally administered questionnaires to screen individuals with MS (MS index cases) and to collect data about themselves and their families. Each participating CCPGSMS site has obtained ethical approval from the relevant institutional review board. The entire project was reviewed and approved by the University of British Columbia. The CCPGSMS combines both genetic epidemiology and molecular genetics to investigate the aetiology of MS. A key strength of the CCPGSMS is that the MS study population is derived from 14 regional clinics that have a patient pool representative of the Canadian MS population. This minimizes ascertainment biases inherent in genetic epidemiological investigations and generates a sufficiently large sample size from which significant results from both molecular and epidemiological studies can be attained. To date over 30,000 MS patients and their families have been screened.
Specific to this study, preterm data was collected by telephone interview with mothers of MS index cases and spouse controls (the term "spouse" is used generically to refer to legal spouse, same-sex partner or common law partner). Each CCPGSMS index case and spouse control (if available) was asked if he/she had a biological mother who could provide information on the individual's early life. If a positive answer was received the biological mother of the case/control was contacted by a CCPGSMS site research nurse and administered a standardised questionnaire, details of which are described in [16]. CCPGSMS site research nurses have all been trained by personnel from the central CCPGSMS centre at the University of British Columbia. An individual was classed as being born preterm if born at under 37 weeks gestational age. It is well known that maternal recall of preterm birth is sufficiently accurate for clinical and epidemiological use [18], but the validity of this information was corroborated by further information asked for on the standardised questionnaire, including data about birth weight (less than 5 pounds), length of hospital stay (average 5 to 7 days between 1940–1965, the peak time of birth of our cases and controls), and the use of an incubator, as these factors are known to be associated with preterm birth [11,19]. If a mother could not remember exact details and/or the supporting data did not fit criteria for a preterm birth, the offspring was not classed as being born preterm.
Statistical analyses
The Chi squared test was used to assess significance when comparing index cases and controls for the rate of preterm births. The Student's t-test was used to look for differences in average gestational age. Logistic regression (using the R statistical package) was used to assess the effect of preterm birth, gender and the interaction thereof.
Complete information from maternal informants on weeks gestation at birth as well as birth weight, duration of hospital stay, and the use of an incubator was available for 6585 index cases and 2509 spousal controls. The clinical and demographic details of the index cases and controls are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Clinical and demographic details of MS index cases and controls
Three hundred and seventy (5.6%) MS index cases and 130 (5.2%) spousal controls were born preterm. These values were not significantly different; p = 0.41 (see Table 2). Given the marked yet expected difference between sex ratios of index cases versus spousal controls because of the female preponderance in MS [20], a sex-stratified comparison was also carried out. No significant differences (p = 0.67 and p = 0.31 respectively) in the rates of preterm birth were observed when comparing female cases (280; 5.6%) and controls (46; 6.0%) – or male cases (90; 5.6%) and controls (84; 4.8%) (Table 2). This was confirmed by logistic regression analysis, which showed an effect of sex on the risk of MS (p < 1 × 10-16) but no effect of being born preterm (p = 0.65), or an interaction effect between sex and preterm birth (p = 0.31) on the likelihood of developing the disease.
Table 2. Number of individuals born preterm and their average gestational age in MS index cases and controls
The average gestational age of preterm MS index cases was 34.6 weeks compared to 34.2 weeks for controls (p = 0.25) – see Table 2. No significant differences were also found when stratifying by sex (average gestational age female index cases born preterm = 34.7 weeks, average gestational age female controls born preterm = 34.8 weeks, p = 0.82; average gestational age male index cases born preterm = 34.2 weeks, average gestational age male controls born preterm = 33.9 weeks, p = 0.52).
There were no differences in the number of individuals born preterm between MS index cases and controls when stratifying by month of birth or when stratifying MS index cases by clinical course (data not shown).
MS is a complex neurological trait with a parent-of-origin (maternal) effect shown by several studies [3,5,6]. Intrauterine factors may potentially affect susceptibility to disease [4,7]. Preterm birth may have a seasonal basis [10] and a timing of birth effect has been observed in MS [7]. Consequences of preterm birth may be detrimental neurologically [11,12]. Taken together, it is possible that being born prematurely may affect the risk to develop MS. However, our data do not support this hypothesis.
Here, we observed no significant differences in preterm births for cases or controls, even when stratifying by sex. The mean gestational age for preterm cases and controls was also similar (Table 2). Furthermore, stratification by month of birth or clinical course found no significant differences, however this analysis may have been underpowered due to the sample size reduction upon stratification.
The clinical definition of preterm birth may not take into account detrimental aspects of foetal development associated with premature birth measured in days rather than weeks that may contribute to the onset of MS in adulthood. Development of gyri and sulci has been shown to take place well into 40 weeks of gestational age [21], and hence premature birth by even a few days may result in small changes in brain structure. However, even when analysing the data as above and including only individuals born up to and including 39 weeks gestational age, there were no differences between MS cases and spousal controls (data not shown). Greater understanding of foetal development and early maternal influences on the foetus and child is needed before the early origins of multiple sclerosis can be assessed to a greater extent.
This study does not rule out maternal risk factors associated with preterm birth, for example smoking and infection, from MS disease pathogenesis, as these factors may still have a role independent of any effect they may have on premature birth.
Our study may be limited in that maternal recall of data may not be as accurate as data from clinical records etc. Additionally, as we erred on the side of caution when classifying individuals as preterm, we may have missed those who were born borderline preterm and hence we may be underestimating the number of preterm births in our cohort. However, this will apply equally to cases and controls and maternal recall of preterm birth has been shown to be accurate enough for epidemiological use [18].
It should be remembered that parent of origin effects can arise in a number of ways, and likely also by other means as yet undiscovered. These mechanisms include genomic imprinting [22] and microchimerism [23]. We have previously shown that the rate of microchimerism is significantly higher in affected MS twins than in unaffected co-twins [24]. As a maternal influence in disease risk does not appear to act via preterm birth, the mechanism of the increased risk conferred maternally needs to be uncovered by exploring all possible avenues.
CCPGSMS: Canadian Collaborative Study Group on the Genetic Susceptibility to Multiple Sclerosis, MS- Multiple Sclerosis
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
GCE and ADS conceived and designed the experiments. SVR, WV, DAD, GCD, SMO, IMY, MC, GCE and ADS analyzed the data and wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This work was funded by the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada Scientific Research Foundation. S.V.R. is funded by the Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom. G.C.E. is the Action Research Professor of Clinical Neurology at the University of Oxford. The authors would like to thank all patients who generously participated in this study. The sponsor of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
Canadian Collaborative Study Group members
Vancouver, BC (V Devonshire, P Rieckmann, S A Hashimoto, J Hooge, L Kastrukoff, J J F Oger, J P Smythe, A Traboulsee, P Smyth); Calgary, AB (L Metz); Edmonton, AB (S Warren); Saskatoon, SK (W Hader, K Knox); London, ON (G Rice, M Kremenchutzky); Ottawa, ON (M Freedman); Kingston, ON (D Brunet); Toronto, ON (P O'Connor, T Gray, M Hohol); Montreal, QC (P Duquette, Y Lapierre); Halifax, NS (T J Murray, V Bhan, C Maxner); and St John's, NL (M Stefanelli).
Noseworthy JH, Lucchinetti C, Rodriguez M, Weinshenker BG: Multiple sclerosis.
N Engl J Med 2000, 343(13):938-952. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Dyment DA, Ebers GC, Sadovnick AD: Genetics of multiple sclerosis.
Lancet Neurol 2004, 3(2):104-110. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Ebers GC, Sadovnick AD, Dyment DA, Yee IM, Willer CJ, Risch N: Parent-of-origin effect in multiple sclerosis: observations in half-siblings.
Lancet 2004, 363(9423):1773-1774. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Willer CJ, Dyment DA, Risch NJ, Sadovnick AD, Ebers GC: Twin concordance and sibling recurrence rates in multiple sclerosis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003, 100(22):12877-12882. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Hoppenbrouwers IA, Liu F, Aulchenko YS, Ebers GC, Oostra BA, van Duijn CM, Hintzen RQ: Maternal transmission of multiple sclerosis in a dutch population.
Arch Neurol 2008, 65(3):345-348. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Herrera BM, Ramagopalan SV, Lincoln MR, Orton SM, Chao MJ, Sadovnick AD, Ebers GC: Parent-of-origin effects in MS. Observations from avuncular pairs.
Neurology 2008. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Willer CJ, Dyment DA, Sadovnick AD, Rothwell PM, Murray TJ, Ebers GC: Timing of birth and risk of multiple sclerosis: population based study.
Bmj 2005, 330(7483):120. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R: Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth.
Lancet 2008, 371(9606):75-84. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Joseph KS, Kramer MS, Marcoux S, Ohlsson A, Wen SW, Allen A, Platt R: Determinants of preterm birth rates in Canada from 1981 through 1983 and from 1992 through 1994.
N Engl J Med 1998, 339(20):1434-1439. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Cooperstock M, Wolfe RA: Seasonality of preterm birth in the Collaborative Perinatal Project: demographic factors.
Am J Epidemiol 1986, 124(2):234-241. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Saigal S, Doyle LW: An overview of mortality and sequelae of preterm birth from infancy to adulthood.
Lancet 2008, 371(9608):261-269. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Inder TE, Warfield SK, Wang H, Huppi PS, Volpe JJ: Abnormal cerebral structure is present at term in premature infants.
Pediatrics 2005, 115(2):286-294. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
DeLuca GC, Williams K, Evangelou N, Ebers GC, Esiri MM: The contribution of demyelination to axonal loss in multiple sclerosis.
Brain 2006, 129(Pt 6):1507-1516. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Davie CA, Barker GJ, Webb S, Tofts PS, Thompson AJ, Harding AE, McDonald WI, Miller DH: Persistent functional deficit in multiple sclerosis and autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia is associated with axon loss.
Brain 1995, 118 ( Pt 6):1583-1592. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Kremenchutzky M, Rice GP, Baskerville J, Wingerchuk DM, Ebers GC: The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study 9: observations on the progressive phase of the disease.
Brain 2006, 129(Pt 3):584-594. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Sadovnick AD, Risch NJ, Ebers GC: Canadian collaborative project on genetic susceptibility to MS, phase 2: rationale and method. Canadian Collaborative Study Group.
Can J Neurol Sci 1998, 25(3):216-221. PubMed Abstract
Ramagopalan SV, Dyment DA, Valdar W, Herrera BM, Criscuoli M, Yee IM, Sadovnick AD, Ebers GC: Autoimmune disease in families with multiple sclerosis: a population-based study.
Lancet Neurol 2007, 6(7):604-610. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Adegboye AR, Heitmann B: Accuracy and correlates of maternal recall of birthweight and gestational age.
Bjog 2008, 115(7):886-893. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Gilbert WM, Nesbitt TS, Danielsen B: The cost of prematurity: quantification by gestational age and birth weight.
Obstet Gynecol 2003, 102(3):488-492. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Orton SM, Herrera BM, Yee IM, Valdar W, Ramagopalan SV, Sadovnick AD, Ebers GC: Sex ratio of multiple sclerosis in Canada: a longitudinal study.
Lancet Neurol 2006, 5(11):932-936. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Chi JG, Dooling EC, Gilles FH: Gyral development of the human brain.
Ann Neurol 1977, 1(1):86-93. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Reik W, Walter J: Genomic imprinting: parental influence on the genome.
Nat Rev Genet 2001, 2(1):21-32. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Nelson JL, Gillespie KM, Lambert NC, Stevens AM, Loubiere LS, Rutledge JC, Leisenring WM, Erickson TD, Yan Z, Mullarkey ME, Boespflug ND, Bingley PJ, Gale EA: Maternal microchimerism in peripheral blood in type 1 diabetes and pancreatic islet beta cell microchimerism.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007, 104(5):1637-1642. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | PubMed Central Full Text
Willer CJ, Herrera BM, Morrison KM, Sadovnick AD, Ebers GC: Association between microchimerism and multiple sclerosis in Canadian twins.
J Neuroimmunol 2006, 179(1-2):145-151. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text
Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:


text:
BPL Community Profile
Nick Gatel (ngatel) - BPL Lifetime Member
You cannot send this user a personal message (PM) because they have not specified a PM email address yet.
All Forum Posts by Nick Gatel
Showing 4281 - 4290 of 5800 | Page: 1 ...420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 ...580
Re: Republican spending cuts
"We need to be researching long term solutions - this is where government is best because private business is better on problems with short term profits" And how on earth do you know t...
Re: Dry Bag Hauling Backpack
Christopher, Nice work. Can you go back to the original post and insert carriage returns between the HTML code for each picture? This way the pictures will get aligned and not scroll outside the...
Re: Buying Chinese Carbon
Matt, I love your locale, maybe I should change mine :) Nah, don't read the carbon flame war.
Re: Re: Maybe I am wrong about capitalism
"Now this is an honest question, not trying to push any buttons. I infer from that statement that there can only be one 'truth.' But can't we believe differently, and trace our ...
Re: Re: Taxes
Dirk, I just used the gas station as an example. It is probably the most familiar business for most Americans, and it has been part of our culture for over 100 years. Those margins are pretty ac...
Maybe I am wrong about capitalism
After considering the impact the financial crisis has had on so many individuals and reading the opinions of many BPL members, and most importantly; contemplating shared feelings and experiences, I...
@ Katharina
You have posted some excellent comments the past 2 or 3 days, and I have not taken the time to acknowledge them. I apologize for this. Wednesday morning I left on a cross country trip, and have bee...
Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Tax rates
Have any one who is complaining about corporations ever owned or ran a successful company? If not, please read the BUS 101 and Gas Station posts. Even a software campus is over-run by regulators...
Re: Re: Re: Flame throwers at the ready....
"Maybe you should try running your calculations for a median family income of $49,777 and see how much is left over to purchase company stock. Tom, I do not want to minimize this, and I ...
Re: Re: Re: Tax rates
"Hey, we can just retrain the unemployed for the high tech jobs of the future." Why? You want to handcuff the only people who can create those high tech jobs. So they will create thos...
All Reader Reviews by Nick Gatel
Showing 1 - 2 of 2 | Page: 1
BPL Beartooth Merino Wool Hoody
Cool enough in 82F weather, warm in cool weather. Hood replaces light cap and light baclava. One piece of gear replaces several single items! Sizing is not 'standard.' But... if you review ...
ULA Equipment
5/5 It seems that from earlier reviews, ULA has solved the communication issues with the addition of Casey to the staff, which must have solved that void. Not only was the communication great (t...


text:
Joined: 26 December 2005
Posts: 6772
Joined: 04 December 2011
Posts: 170
Joined: 01 May 2009
Posts: 15293
The following 1 member(s) liked the above post:
While the reality show Bigg Boss aims to give fame and recognition to ...
Sanaa Khan is the first contestant of Bigg Boss - Halla Bol to get evicted.
Disclaimer: All Logos and Pictures of various Channels, Shows, Artistes, Media Houses, Companies, Brands etc. belong to their respective owners, and are used to merely visually identify the Channels, Shows, Companies, Brands, etc. to the viewer. Incase of any issue please contact the webmaster.
Popular Channels :Star Plus | Zee TV | Sony TV | Colors TV | SAB TV | Life OK
Quick Links :Top 100 TV Celebrities | Top 100 Bollywood Celebs | About Us | Contact Us | Advertise | Forum Index


text:
Originally Posted by panchro-press
Bob speaks the absolute truth. Ritz was always about moving boxes, not about assisting those interested in learning about photography. I hope they go from Chapter 11 to Chapter 8.
Thank you, there are definitely some good people at that company, but there are also a lot of problems. One associate in particular was almost terminated for threatening another associate with a knife..........until a certain VP he grew up with got involved. The associate who was threatened was written up for provoking the man.


text:
Cat Dry Food
Nutro Max Roasted Chicken Flavor Adult Cat Food 6 lb
Regular Price: $14.99
Special Price: $12.99
Antioxidants Vitamin E, Taurine, Vitamin C, Cranberries, and Blueberries provide excellent sources of antioxidants for a healthy immune system. Taurine is also essential for your cat's vision and heart function.
Real Chicken Protein The #1 ingredient in MAX® CAT is chicken meal, made from real chicken with most of the water and fat removed. Additionally, we then add chicken to enhance the flavor your cat loves! MAX® CAT never uses chicken heads, feet or intestines, which may be found in products containing chicken by-product meal.
Shiny Coat, Healthy Skin Fish oil and poultry fat are rich sources of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids. These Fatty Acids and Zinc help provide for a lustrous coat and supple skin. MAX® CAT also helps promote a healthy coat…which means less hair around the house!
The Natural Nutrition Difference Highly digestible natural ingredients — fortified with essential vitamins, minerals and taurine — truly make the difference. MAX® CAT products are naturally preserved — no artificial chemicals like BHA, BHT or ethoxyquin. We do not add artificial colors, flavors or sweeteners. MAX® CAT uses easy to digest ground whole wheat and ground rice; never any sorghum or ground corn, whole grain corn, corn meal or corn grits — which can be more difficult to digest.
Guaranteed Great Taste Our quality ingredients, unique kibble shape and natural flavors guarantee love at first bite! In fact, we're so sure your cat will love MAX® CAT that we have a 100% satisfaction guarantee or your money back!Learn More
Iams Original with Chicken Adult Cat Food 5.7 lb$10.99
This Iams ProActive Health formula has PreBiotics that work inside the digestive tract to promote healthy digestion and strong defenses. Healthy inside. Healthy outside. Iams provides the wholesome, nutrient-rich goodness your cat needs to stay strong and active. Iams ProActive Health with Chicken helps maintain lean muscles and a healthy weight by providing the right amount of choice chicken baked into crunchy kibbles that keep teeth clean, tartar-free. It's also fortified with minerals for strong bones, taurine for healthy heart and eyes and rich in fish oils for a sleek, shiny coat. Plus, it has a gentle fiber to support your cat's ability to absorb nutrients.Learn More
Hills Science Diet Feline Hairball Adult 3.5 Lb$11.49
Hill's® Science Diet® Adult Hairball Control cat food provides precisely balanced nutrition to help avoid the formation of hairballs. It has an ideal amino-acid balance to help reduce shedding and a unique fiber technology to reduce hairballs by moving hair through your cat's system. Its high quality ingredients makes it ideal for every day feeding.
Daily Feeding guide:
These ranges are a starting point only. Your pet may need less or more food to maintain proper weight. Adjust as needed. If you are unsure, ask your veterinarian. Feeding this food for the first time? Mix increasing amounts of your pet's new food with decreasing amounts of the old food over a 7-day period. If switching from a canned product, make sure your cat drinks an adequate quantity of water to avoid constipation. Keep fresh water available at all times! We recommend that you take your pet to the veterinarian at least twice a year for regular health check-ups. Your pet's nutritional needs change with each lifestage. Continue to give him the same precise and balanced nutrition by transitioning your cat to one of the Hill's® Science Diet® Mature Adult pet foods once he reaches 6 years of age. Science Diet is available in a wide variety of dry adult foods for your cat's unique needs and in Minced cans and Tender Chunks in Gravy pouches, in a wide variety of delicious flavors your cat will love. To prevent injuries, keep package out of reach of pets and children.
- 5 lb cat: 3/8 cup - 1/2 cup
- 10 lb cat: 5/8 cup - 7/8 cup
- 5 lb cat: 7/8 cup - 1 1/4 cups
Hills Science Diet Feline Indoor Cat 17.5 Lb$38.99
Hill's® Science Diet® Adult Light dog food provides precisely balanced nutrition to help your dog achieve ideal weight. It has fewer calories than Hill's® Science Diet® Advanced Fitness Original formula to help control weight and contains L-Carnitine to help your dog turn fat into energy. It also has a high fiber content to keep your dog satisfied between meals. All these, and our great taste ever!Learn More
Iams Indoor Weight & Hairball Care Adult Cat Food 5 lb.$10.99
Easily digested Iams ProActive Weight & Hairball Care is formulated to meet the unique needs of indoor cats. It's made with 10% less fat than Original formulas. Fewer calories in combination with fat-burning L-Carnitine, and a special blend of carbohydrates that keep pets feeling full, enables heavy cats to gradually return to a healthier weight. Whole grains, beets and rice support a healthy digestive system, and help reduce hairballs and litter-box odors.Learn More
Hills Science Diet Feline Adult Light 20lb$37.99
Science Diet® Light Adult cat food is a great tasting food formulated to help prevent cats from gaining weight. Light Adult provides all the essential nutrients your cat needs for optimum health, with a low calorie, low fat formula to help with weight control.Learn More
Purina Pro Plan 7lb. Sensitive Skin and Stomach Lamb/Rice Adult Cat Food 381655$19.99
The Purina Pro Plan 7lb. Sensitive Skin and Stomach Lamb/Rice Adult Cat Food is high in protein, because protein is a key source of energy, and is important for growth and development in cats. The Purina Pro Plan food also contain Omega-6 Fatty Acids to help promote healthy skin and coat.
Product Features:
- High Quality Protein, Including Lamb as the #1 Ingredient
- Rice and oat meal are easily digestible and gentle on the digestive system
- Natural Prebiotic Fiber, Sourced from Chicory Root, Helps Promote Digestive Health
- Omega-6 fatty acids and zinc help nourish skin and promote a healthy coat
- Antioxidants for Immune System Health
- Made Without Added Artificial Colors or Flavors
Lamb, brewer's rice, corn gluten meal, dried egg product, soy protein isolate, chicken meal, fish meal, soybean meal, wheat flour, animal fat preserved with mixed tocopherols (form of Vitamin E), animal liver flavor, oat meal, lamb meal, soybean oil, inulin, potassium chloride, calcium carbonate, phosphoric acid, salt, zinc proteinate, choline chloride, Vitamin E supplement, taurine, L Lysine monohydrochloride, manganese proteinate, ferrous sulfate, DL Methionine, L ascorbyl 2 polyphosphate (source of Vitamin C), copper proteinate, niacin, Vitamin A supplement, calcium pantothenate, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin supplement, Vitamin B 12 supplement, pyridoxine hydrochloride, folic acid, Vitamin D 3 supplement, calcium iodate, biotin, menadione sodium bisulfite complex (source of Vitamin K activity), and sodium seleniteLearn More
Hills Science Diet Feline Indoor Cat 3.5 Lb$11.99
Science Diet® Indoor Cat Adult cat food. It's a complete and balanced food designed for cats living primarily indoors and is ideal for spayed or neutered cats. This food is formulated with low level of fat and calories to help maintain a healthy weight. It's innovative fiber technology helps control and avoid the formation of hairballs by moving hair through your cat's system. Science Diet® Indoor Cat Adult is formulated as a complete and balanced daily nutrition for adult cats, providing essential nutrients to nourish your cat's skin and coat.Learn More
Taste of the Wild Rocky Mountain Feline Formula 5lb$11.99
A grain-free formula for all life stages with peas and sweet potatoes provides highly digestible energy for your active cat. Made with real roasted venison and smoked salmon, this formula offers a taste sensation like no other. For today's healthy cat, this formula is supplemented with fruits and vegetables, providing natural antioxidants to support a healthy immune system and overall good health. Your cat craves a taste of the wild. Go ahead and give him one.Learn More
Hills Science Diet Feline Senior Cat 4 Lb$11.99
Hill's Science Diet Feline Adult Original provides total nutrition with 100% high quality nutrients. Also, no unwanted filters. It helps cats 1-6 years of age stay healthy and live long. Contains a unique and powerful antioxidant blend.Learn More


text:
Tax Refund Options
File Online
18853 Freeport St NwElk River, MN 55330
Driving Directions
Liberty Tax is a full service income tax preparation company. We offer expert tax preparation with superior customer service. Look for our Statue of Liberty waver and come on in. We make taxes fun! - From the owner
Hwy 169 and School St
Free Double Check
Friendly, Accurate, Guarantee
Print Coupon


text:
Unfortanately very few magicians have your improv backround DaveOriginally posted by David Regal:
I bought The Time Machine and I'm very happy with it. To answer your question Carlos, it is a one-person effect, so you do not need a secret assistant. However, you will need to work on presentation, as it is one of those effects that is essentially self-working in one respect, but difficult to properly present in another. You must be comfortable improvising a considerable amount of dialog while performing in order to successfully perform this trick.


text: Main List of Famous Vegetarians Olivia Wilde is a vegan actress Birthday: March 10, 1984 Birth Place: New York City, New York, USA VegSource: imdb trivia profile http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1312575/bio Currently working on hit TV show House M.D. 1 comment Guest Posted on 05 / 09 / 2010 Alright, works for me. skip to 2:25 for the proofs www.youtube.com/watch?v=bh7K3FSHgPg&feature=related Login to leave comments about Olivia Wilde Comments are not endorsed by HappyCow (terms) / report abuse


text:
- Show Prep
- Listen to FTL
- FTL Info
- Community
- Support FTL
- Learn More
Former Corinth policeman Jamie Brewer will plead guilty Friday to charges he robbed motorists during fake traffic stops.he conducted traffic stops in Alcorn County and secretly took cash from nine different motorists Sept. 17-18.He also is accused of violating their constitutional rights against unreasonable search and seizure.Read more »
LIVE 7 Days a Week!
Mon-Sun: 7pm-10pm Eastern
Call toll-free:
Welcome Free Talk Live 2.5! Now, with Reddit!
You'll need a Reddit account before you can vote on and submit show prep. (That is different from your FTL/AMP account.)
The content here is the same as you will see on the FTL Subreddit.
Enjoy the site and thanks for submitting your content!


text:
Where we are working
More from Chad
The fear that follows them: providing mental healthcare for refugees in Chad
Attacks perpetrated by Boko Haram in the Lake Chad region have increased over recent weeks, and military presence in the area has also expanded in response. The number of people who have been forced to flee their homes has more...more
Violent Boko Haram insurgencies lead to escalating crises
Since May 2013, violent insurgencies by Boko Haram have led to widespread displacement and an escalating humanitarian crisis in the Lake Chad region. According to UNHCR figures, nearly 1.4 million people have been internally...more
More on Obstetrics
Good things come in threes
Ally Moebus is a paediatric nurse from Melbourne, Australia, currently working in Médecins Sans Frontières' Dasht-e-Barchi maternity hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan. This is Ally's first field placement with Médecins Sans...more
Médecins Sans Frontières launches global women's health multimedia feature
"Because Tomorrow Needs Her" Explores Multiple Health Challenges Affecting Womenmore


text:
In the Kitchen with Kroger
- Great Grilled Burger
- Barbecued Pulled Pork
- Bourbon Pecan Turtles with Fleur de Sel
- Grilled Panzanella
- Crab Au Gratin
- Red Velvet Pancakes with Maple Cream Cheese Topping
- Braised Beef Shanks and White Beans
- Herbed Biscuit Spiral Ham Sandwiches
- New Orleans Barbecue Shrimp Dip
- Baked Cod with Herb-Roasted New Potatoes
- Dark Chocolate Truffles
- Asian "Salisbury" Steak
- Pizza Burger Appetizer
- Sweet Corn & Crab Bisque
- Shrimp & Vegetable Spring Rolls
- Mac & Cheese Muffins
- Sweet Potato Casserole
- Pumpkin Custard
- Popcorn Balls
- Chipotle Lime Breaded Chicken Strips
- Lobster Risotto
- Salmon Filets With Ginger Sauce
- White Bean Cashew Chicken Chili
- Blackened Mahi Mahi
- Braised Pork And Sauerkraut Balls
- Grilled Pear Chicken
- Cuban Sandwich
- Clambake
- Strawberry Scones
- Bacon Chive Burger
- Grilled Chicken Breast Sandwich
- Grilled Swordfish Kabobs
- Grilled Ribeye Steak and Caesar Salad
- Chipotle-plum BBQ baby back pork ribs
- Grilled Hot Italian Sausages
- Sponge Cake with fresh berries, lemon curd and mascarpone
- Fritatta With Asparagus
- Kentucky Burgoo
- Guacamole with Pico de Gallo
- Grilled Lamb Chops
- Salmon Cakes
- Fettuccine with Shrimp, Scallops and Lobster Cream Sauce
- Hanky Panky
- Chipped Beef Cheeseball
- Shepherds Pie
- Beer Battered Cod
- Beignets
- Beans Greens with Corn Bread
- Ribeye With Shrimp Scampi
- Blueberry Mascarpone Stuffed Strawberries
Pan Seared Salmon
Updated: Monday, February 17 2014, 04:21 PM EST
Servings: 4
4 – 4.5 ounce Salmon Fillets
4 ounces Extra Virgin Olive Oil
1 Tablespoon Lemon Juice, fresh
1 Tablespoon Lemon Zest
1 teaspoon Dill, fresh, chopped
1 teaspoon Sea Salt
½ teaspoon Black Pepper, freshly ground
1 pkg. (4 heads) Private Selection Artisan Lettuce
1 pkg. Yellow Cherry Tomatoes
1 each English Cucumber, sliced thin
1 each Red Bell Pepper, julienne strips
8 slices Lemon, fresh
12 sprigs Dill, fresh
4 Tablespoon White Balsamic Glaze
Place fillets in a storage bag with 2 ounces olive oil, lemon juice & zest, dill, salt & pepper. Allow fillets to marinate for 30 minutes under refrigeration.
In a heavy skillet on medium to high heat, add 2 ounces olive oil. Then sear the salmon fillets skin side up for 4-5 minutes flip and finish cooking for an additional 4-5 minutes or until the salmon is done about 145 degrees or until the flesh starts to flake apart from each other.
Thinly slice cucumber. Cut the Red Pepper in half, remove the seeds, and slice into julienne strips.
Meanwhile arrange the lettuce on a serving platter. Then add the cucumber, red bell pepper and tomatoes.
Related Stories
In the Kitchen with Kroger Updates and Events
Meet the Kroger Chefs!Chef Sean Schmidt
Chef Sean Schmidt was born in Chicago, IL and grew up there until his family relocated to Oldbridge, New Jersey. After 6 years, Sean returned to the Chicago area and attended Plainfield High School. He was then accepted to and graduated from Johnson & Wales University with a Bachelor's Degree in Culinary Arts.
Sean joined Kroger in 2000 and has served in many capacities in various locations including Chef's Choice Catering, Anderson Towne Center Kroger Store, and the Lebanon and Middletown Marketplace Stores. Sean's favorite dishes to prepare are grilled items - meats, vegetables and even desserts. Sean is an Executive Chef at the Centerville Marketplace Store.
Sean likes to garden and spend time with his wife and kids. Chef Christopher J. Alexander
Chef Christopher J. Alexander was born in Lubbock, Texas but raised in Xenia, Ohio. He graduated from Xenia High School then attended Sinclair Community College and the New England Culinary Institute.
After working in various 4 star restaurants in locations including New Orleans, Vermont, and The British Virgin Islands, Christopher joined Kroger in 2009 and has served at both the Stroop Road Fresh Fare and Englewood Marketplace. Christopher has been a fan of the culinary arts since elementary school when he would spend time cooking with his grandfather. He loves to cook all foods, Asian, Latina American, Southern and Southwestern American. Christopher says "I am a well versed rounds chef. I can do tradition Bakery baking as well as High end Pastries. I really enjoy butchery and meat fabrication ( primals to sausage). But really find myself at home in an eclectic Euro/American line."


text:
King's Daughters Medical Center (Ashland) Vice President Human Resources Interview Questions
Interview Experience
Interview Experience
Getting an Interview
Getting an Interview
Interview Difficulty
Interviews for Top Jobs at King's Daughters Medical Center (Ashland)
- Ccs (1)
- Vice President Human Resources (1)
- Radiology (1)
- Registered Nurse Per Diem (1)
- Gc Services Inc (1)
1 Candidate Interview Review Back to all InterviewsSort: Popular Date Difficulty
- Accepted OfferPositive ExperienceEasy Interview
I applied through a recruiter. The process took 2 weeks. I interviewed at King's Daughters Medical Center (Ashland) in June 2010.
It was a thorough and detailed process, that provided me an opportunity to meeet with a variety of individuals within the organization. I wanted to see if the awards they had achieved matched with the individuals' perceptions. Everything was a direct match. The community is small but very welcoming. The position matched my professional and personal interests. It moved fast primiarly because I came at the end of a prolonged search process and a batch of candidates had been reviewed and rejected.
Interview Questions
- Why I would want to relocate to eastern KY. 1 Answer
It was very fair and considerate of someone moving from another geographic area. The moving expenses were still tied to getting 3 quotes from movers. But, in my position, I was able to influence a change for future candidates.


text:
Welcome to WebmasterWorld Guest from 188.8.131.52
Forum Moderators: open
However, they have something like 2 million business listings (less than Thomson Local) with which sites/businesses have to compete. That's an awful lot of competition for placement.
They charge Ł119 to upgrade a listing for 12 months, but the standard listings remain free I think. Someone may be able to correct me on that.


text:
Old Blood Samples Offer New Clues to a Medical Mystery
By GINA KOLATA
Published: April 11, 2000
WASHINGTON— Fifty years ago, when he was 19, Edward J. Woodland Jr. joined the Air Force. In Wyoming for basic training, he and some of his fellow recruits gave blood samples for a study of strep throat.
Mr. Woodland, a retired security guard who lives in Washington, had long since forgotten about that study. But he heard of it again in February when he got a three-page letter from a government scientist whose group had found the blood samples in a freezer in Minneapolis, tested them for something entirely unrelated and tracked him down after all these years. The hope was that Mr. Woodland might provide vital clues to an abiding medical mystery: what is the natural course of hepatitis C?
Some hepatitis specialists say the virus is usually not very worrisome. Others say that it is a terrifying national epidemic and that everyone who is infected should be found and treated. But the treatment is expensive, unpleasant and not very effective, so medical experts feel an urgent need to discover just how bad the disease is. Mr. Woodland and others in the study may help them find out.
Now Mr. Woodland sits erect in a narrow wooden chair in the office of Leonard Seeff, the doctor who wrote the letter, having learned for the first time the details of his extraordinary medical situation.
No one knew that the variety of hepatitis now known as hepatitis C even existed 50 years ago, yet Mr. Woodland is living proof that it did and that healthy young teenagers were being infected. He is also living proof that infection with hepatitis C need not be a death knell, or even a threat to health. Millions of copies of the virus still course through Mr. Woodland's bloodstream and burrow into his liver. Yet, in defiance of conventional medical wisdom, he has not had any overt signs of illness.
For Dr. Seeff, the story of Mr. Woodland and a handful of his fellow recruits is a cautionary tale for hepatitis researchers that raises thorny questions about the study and treatment of hepatitis C.
Scientists estimate that 3 million to 5 million Americans are infected with the hepatitis C virus, which can smolder quietly in the liver for decades before erupting as cirrhosis, liver failure or liver cancer. Some were infected from blood transfusions in the years before the early 1990's, when a blood test for the virus was developed and came into use. Others got it from sharing contaminated needles. It can also be transmitted sexually.
But there are also people, like Mr. Woodland, who neither used drugs nor had transfusions, who will never know how or when they became infected. Since it can take years for symptoms to develop, most who are infected do not know it.
Some say that hepatitis C is a time bomb ready to explode in the next few decades as hundreds of thousands of Americans, most of whom do not know they are infected, become ill. Dr. C. Everett Koop, the former surgeon general, who has campaigned to publicize the dangers of hepatitis C, has called the disease a grave threat to public health. ''Unless we do something about it soon,'' he has written, ''it will kill more people than AIDS.''
Others say that while hepatitis C can be deadly, most people who are infected with it either recover spontaneously or never become ill in the first place. Most people carrying hepatitis C, they say, live normal life spans and die of something other than liver disease.
''Just because you have hepatitis C doesn't mean your life is ruined,'' said Dr. Miriam Alter, chief of the epidemiology section at the hepatitis branch of the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
But treatment for hepatitis C is far from ideal. Most patients must spend a year injecting themselves with the drug interferon, which both fights the virus and stimulates the immune system to attack the virus, and taking ribavirin pills, a drug that strengthens the effects of interferon.
The drugs are unpleasant to take, causing flulike symptoms, including fever, lethargy, malaise, and achiness. They can also cause severe, even suicidal, depression. And they eradicate the virus in only 30 percent to 40 percent of patients. For blacks, like Mr. Woodland, the treatment rarely works, for reasons that remain unclear.
Doctors fall into two broad groups, said Dr. Harvey Alter (who is not related to Dr. Miriam Alter) , chief of the infectious disease section at the National Institutes of Health. ''One group says you cannot predict the outcome of hepatitis C, therefore it is safest to treat everyone,'' he said. ''The other group feels that most people are not badly affected and that this disease progresses slowly.''
If doctors follow the patients, Dr. Alter said, ''it is safe to wait and see if there is significant progression,'' before starting treatment.
''The dilemma is only because the treatment is difficult,'' Dr. Alter said. ''If we had a safe and effective oral treatment, we would treat everybody.'' But, for now, the question of whether to treat, and whom to treat, hinges on the larger question of how bad hepatitis C is. And that question hinges on studies of people like Mr. Woodland.


text:
Prices and availability are subject to change from the time and date that you print this page.
10/10/2015 12:53:31 PM. For Customer Service, please call 800.967.6696
The Story
With its artisanal appeal in two-toned high-fired earthenware, this generous bowl is perfect for harvest and Thanksgiving season and a rich addition to the kitchen all year long. Bowl with free-form dipped base in deep pumpkin, creamy rim and convenient spout is a prep-and-pour asset that holds its own on the table.
Details and Dimensions
Dipped Orange Bowl with Spout. 11.4"Wx14.4"Dx5.7"H
- Earthenware
- Dishwasher- and microwave-safe
- Made in Portugal
Item Number: 9836F
Overall DimensionsWidth: 11.4" Depth: 14.4" Height: 5.7"
Return/Exchange Policy
We will accept returns and exchanges of non-furniture items if:
- Non-furniture items are returned within 90 days of customer receipt.
- A valid proof of purchase is provided (see below).
- Non-furniture items are returned in good condition—unused and unwashed.
If you discover an item has a manufacturer's defect or was damaged during transit, we will accept the item for return or exchange with proof of purchase. Without proof of purchase, the item can be exchanged only for the same item. A valid photo ID is required.
We are unable to accept any items for return or exchange without proof of purchase. Items purchased as final sale cannot be returned, exchanged or repaired.
Items must be returned to the store brand where the purchase originated or by mail (if the item was ordered online or by phone and received by mail). Purchases made outside the U.S. may only be returned to the purchase location.


text:
WAKE UP with BWW 9/9/2015 - GEORGIA McBRIDE, LAUGH IT UP and More!
by Jessica Khan - Sep 9, 2015
Good morning, BroadwayWorld! Because we know all our readers eat, sleep and breathe Broadway, what could be better than waking up to it? Today's big news: Off-Broadway is in the spotlight with two openings and lots of photo ops! (more...)
Bill Camp, Jim Norton, Tavi Gevinson and More Join Broadway's THE CRUCIBLE; Full Cast, Theater Set!
by BWW News Desk - Sep 9, 2015
BroadwayWorld has just learned that Arthur Miller's THE CRUCIBLE will return to Broadway at the Walter Kerr Theatre (219 West 48th Street) this spring. Bill Camp (as Reverend John Hale), Jim Norton (as Giles Corey), Tavi Gevinson (as Mary Warren), and Jason Butler Harner (as Reverend Samuel Parris) are among those who will join previously announced stars Ben Whishaw (as John Proctor), Sophie Okonedo (as Elizabeth Proctor), Saoirse Ronan (as Abigail Williams), and Ciaran Hinds (as Deputy-Governor Danforth). (more...)
ALICE IN WONDERLAND to Play MCCC's Kelsey Theatre, 9/19
by BWW News Desk - Sep 8, 2015
When Alice decides to follow a white rabbit down his rabbit hole, she enters a strange new world full of surprises where nothing is as it seems. "Alice in Wonderland" will be presented by Kaleidoscope Theatre at Mercer County Community College's Kelsey Theatre on Saturday, Sept. 19 at 2 p.m. and 4 p.m. Kelsey Theatre is located on the college's West Windsor campus at 1200 Old Trenton Road. (more...)
Stages St. Louis to Present IT SHOULDA BEEN YOU Midwestern Premiere, Plus SISTER ACT, and More
by BWW News Desk - Sep 4, 2015
STAGES St. Louis proudly announces its 30th Anniversary season! The celebratory season explores momentous personal transformations told through lighthearted and life-affirming musical comedies. It begins with a modern romantic musical comedy direct from Broadway and in its Mid-Western premiere, IT SHOULDA BEEN YOU, which features a mad-cap wedding celebration with unexpected twists and turns and a heartwarming message. (more...)
Photo Flash: In Rehearsal with the Cast of King's Cross Theatre's IN THE HEIGHTS
by BWW News Desk - Sep 30, 2015
First images are released today (attached) of the cast in rehearsals for In The Heights, which begins previews this Saturday 3 October at King's Cross Theatre. The Tony Award-winning Broadway musical returns to London following a sell-out UK premiere at Southwark Playhouse in 2014. (more...)
Photo Flash: In Rehearsal with Bertie Carvel & Cast of The Old Vic's THE HAIRY APE
by BWW News Desk - Sep 30, 2015
The Old Vic announces the full cast joining Bertie Carvel inRichard Jones' new production of THE HAIRY APE, the second production in Matthew Warchus' opening season as Artistic Director. THE HAIRY APE opens on 29 October, with previews from 17 October, and will see The Old Vic theatre transformed back to its original proscenium arch layout. (more...)
HORNIMAN'S CHOICE Begins This Month at Finborough Theatre
by BWW News Desk - Sep 3, 2015
Commissioned by the Finborough Theatre, Horniman's Choice brings together four plays by the leading figures of the 'Manchester School' of playwrights - Harold Brighouse, Stanley Houghton and Allan Monkhouse, all originally championed by Annie Horniman, owner of Gaiety Theatre, Manchester, the first regional repertory theatre in Britain. Horniman's Choice runs at the Finborough Theatre, playing Sunday and Monday evenings and Tuesday matinees from Sunday, 27 September 2015 (Press Night: Monday, 28 September 2015 at 7.30pm). (more...)
StoryPop Launches on the iOS and Android App Stores
by BWW News Desk - Sep 3, 2015
StoryPop is the next generation in entertainment and fun on your mobile devices. StoryPop is the only place to discover and create content, stories and books in our new, game-changing format, optimized and built from the ground-up for mobile devices. Discover fun and entertaining stories that are displayed just as if you were reading a chat conversation, rich with characters, dialogues, images, videos and more. Create your own content, stories and books in the new chat-like format directly from your cell phone or tablet. (more...)
Brown/Trinity Rep MFA Programs to Stage Two Shakespeare Favorites
by BWW News Desk - Sep 24, 2015
The Brown/Trinity Rep MFA Programs open their season with two of Shakespeare's legendary and most lasting works. The Tempest, under the direction of Kyle Vincent Terry ('16), opens October 8 and Romeo and Juliet, directed by Ashley Teague ('17) opens October 22, 2015. (more...)
Photo Flash: First Look at ProArteDanza's 'Beethoven's 9th - 2nd Movement'
by BWW News Desk - Sep 23, 2015
ProArteDanza Artistic Director Roberto Campanella and Artistic Associate Robert Glumbek co-create a new instalment for their long-term project to choreograph a full evening work to Beethoven's entire 9th Symphony. In a stunning marriage of unforgettable music and the all-out athleticism of ProArteDanza's outstanding dancers, Beethoven's 9th - 2nd Movement builds on the great success of their previous choreographies to the 1st and 3rd movement of Beethoven's masterpiece. (more...)
Principal Dancers Maria Mosina and Sharon Wehner Join Colorado Ballet for 20th Season
by BWW News Desk - Sep 2, 2015
Colorado Ballet principal dancers Maria Mosina and Sharon Wehner recently started their 20thseasons with Colorado Ballet. Both dancers joined the Company in 1995. (more...)
Christoph Waltz to Narrate 'Egmont' During LA Philharmonic's Opening Gala THE BRILLIANCE OF BEETHOVEN, 9/29
by BWW News Desk - Sep 18, 2015
Christoph Waltz makes his Los Angeles Philharmonic debut as the narrator for Egmont, one of Beethoven's dramatic works featured in the Los Angeles Philharmonic's 2015/16 Opening Night Gala: THE BRILLIANCE OF BEETHOVEN at Walt Disney Concert Hall on Tuesday, September 29, at 7 pm. (more...)
VRC and IonVR Forge Strategic Partnership
by BWW News Desk - Sep 18, 2015
The Watermill Announces Full Company for Christmas production of ALICE IN WONDERLAND
by Jenny Ell - Sep 18, 2015
This Christmas, The Watermill celebrates the 150th Anniversary of Lewis Carroll's much loved novel with a brand new stage adaptation of Alice in Wonderland, opening Thursday 19 November until Sunday 3 January 2016. (more...)
GTA WonderQuest to Host THE ADVENTURES OF PECOS BILL Stage Tour, 9/22
by BWW News Desk - Sep 16, 2015
Yee-haw! Raised by a pack of coyotes and with a snake for a lasso, the twister-wranglin' Pecos Bill is the gruffest, toughest, cowboy in the American Wild West! (more...)
Full Cast Announced for Bertie Carvel-Led THE HAIRY APE at The Old Vic This Autumn
by BWW News Desk - Sep 16, 2015
The Old Vic announces the full cast joining Bertie Carvel in Richard Jones' new production of THE HAIRY APE, the second production in Matthew Warchus' opening season as Artistic Director. (more...)
AKEELAH AND THE BEE Stage Adaptation Coming to Arena Stage
by BWW News Desk - Sep 16, 2015
Fresh off its world-premiere run in Minneapolis, where Star Tribune declared "Akeelah and the Bee triumphs," Children's Theatre Company's new production about an 11-year-old spelling prodigy comes to Arena Stage at the Mead Center for American Theater. The show is adapted for the stage by veteran playwright Cheryl L. West (Arena's Pullman Porter Blues, Jar the Floor), who partners with celebrated director Charles Randolph-Wright (director of Broadway's Motown and an inaugural resident playwright with Arena Stage, where he premiered his play Love in Afghanistan). Akeelah and the Bee runs November 13-December 27, 2015 in the Kreeger Theater. (more...)
New ALICE IN WONDERLAND Exhibit Opening at New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
by BWW News Desk - Sep 15, 2015
To commemorate the 150th anniversary of the publication of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center in Lincoln Center will present the free multimedia exhibition Alice Live! The exhibition will trace the history of Lewis Carroll's beloved Alice stories in live performance from their first professional staging through today. Alice Live! will be on display from October 2, 2015 through January 16, 2016 in The Library for the Performing Arts's Donald and Mary Oenslager Gallery, Shelby Cullom Davis Museum. (more...)
Pennsylvania Ballet Announces Charles Askegard and Kyra Nichols as Ballet Masters
by BWW News Desk - Sep 15, 2015
Philadelphia, PA (September 15, 2015) Pennsylvania Ballet and Artistic Director Angel Corella are pleased to announce that Charles Askegard, former Principal Dancer at New York City Ballet and American Ballet Theater, will be joining the Company as Ballet Master. Kyra Nichols, former New York City Ballet Principal Dancer, will also expand her role by becoming a Ballet Master and five new dancers have joined the Company for the 2015-2016 Season. (more...)
TPAC Sets Full 2015-16 Season of Theatre, Music & More
by BWW News Desk - Sep 14, 2015
BMCC Tribeca Performing Arts Center, the longest operating performance venue in lower Manhattan, proudly presents a wide range of events in the 2015-2016 Season, including The National Circus & Acrobats of China, performing on Wednesday, October 14 at 7:30pm, Beyond Third Wave (dance troupe), performing Friday, May 19 and Saturday, May 20 at 7:30pm through Sunday, May 21 at 3:00pm, David Gonzalez with City Of Dreams - Featuring the Poetic License Band performing Friday, October 23 at 8PM, and more! We also continue to present a diverse slate of Family programming, free film retrospectives, and a variety of dance, comedy, and special events. All 2015-2016 events are listed below with more information. Tickets are $15-$25 and on sale soon. To purchase tickets, call 212-220-1460 and/or visit www.tribecapac.org. (more...)
STAGE TUBE: Annette O'Toole and Michael Laurence Offer Glimpses of HAMLET IN BED
by Michael Dale - Sep 10, 2015
"Like a dark Alice in Wonderland, journey through the caverns of someone's obsession." (more...)
MTM to Host First Festival of New Musicals
by BWW News Desk - Sep 1, 2015
M?TM, a small professional theatre company entering its tenth anniversary season, will close out 2015 with a series of free readings of musicals at locations intended to set the tone for each piece. The readings are not formally ticketed, but it is recommended that patrons make a reservation online at w?ww.mtmadison.com/festival-of-new-musicals.html.?No credit card is needed. Walk-ups will still be welcome without reservations. (more...)
Book By You Offers Personalized Kid's Books
by BWW News Desk - Sep 1, 2015
Summer is over, and kids nationwide are shrugging on their back packs, lacing up their new shoes, and heading to the bus stop for a year of good ol' reading, writing, and 'rithmetic. Good thing Book By You has a great way to add a little spice to the daily grind! What kid wouldn't love a one-of-a-kind adventure starring themselves from the world's leading publisher of personalized books? (more...)
Alameda Civic Ballet to Present THE NUTCRACKER
by BWW News Desk - Oct 9, 2015
MARENA PEREZ, principal dancer of the Balleteatro Nacional de Puerto Rico, and ROBERTO VEGA, former first soloist of the National Ballet of Cuba, will appear as guest artists in the Alameda Civic Ballet's production of The Nutcracker on December 19 and 20, 2015 at the Kofman Theatre in Alameda, California. (more...)
IN THE HEIGHTS Extends Run at King's Cross Theatre
by BWW News Desk - Oct 9, 2015
Tony Award-winning Broadway musical In The Heights, which is now in previews ahead of an official opening on Tuesday 13 October, has extended its run at King's Cross Theatre. Initially booking for a limited 4 week season, the production will now run until Sunday 3 January 2016. In The Heights returns to London following a critically acclaimed sell-out UK premiere at Southwark Playhouse in 2014. (more...)
Photo Flash: First Look at THE LEGEND(S) OF SLEEPY HOLLOW, Opening Tonight at Chance Theater
by BWW News Desk - Oct 8, 2015
Chance presents the world premiere adaptation of Washington Irving's classic spooky tale, THE LEGEND(S) OF SLEEPY HOLLOW as the final production of its first Theater for Young Audiences season. Performances begin tonight, October 8, and continue through October 18 on the 2nd Stage at Chance Theater @ Bette Aitken theater arts Center. The show is written by Jonathan Josephson and directed by Darryl B. Hovis. BroadwayWorld has a first look at the cast in action below! (more...)
BWW Review: Synetic Theater Takes Alice, and Us, to Wonderland
by Ellen Burns - Oct 7, 2015
One thing is certain, when the lights go down in the Synetic Theater space, they will not come up on the expected; the imaginative company's signature is their unique and creative approach to storytelling on stage. They are known for their physicality and elaborate staging (you might have already experienced one of their silent productions; particularly memorable is The Tempest in 2013), and Alice in Wonderland is classic Synetic. Alice in Wonderland is one of those tales that lends itself to as many interpretations as there are people who read/hear/see it, and is thus fertile ground for the stage. (more...)
Joe's Pub at The Public to Welcome Jamie Leonhart & Joanna Settle, 11/1-3
by BWW News Desk - Oct 7, 2015
As part of the artist commissioning program New York Voices, Joe's Pub at The Public presents Estuary: an artist/mother story, a new show conceived and written by Jamie Leonhart and directed by Joanna Settle. Estuary's original music is co-written and arranged by Grammy-winner Michael Leonhart. This presentation of Estuary features a live band that includes Saskia Lane, Pauline Kim, Sara Phillips Budde and Katie Scheele. Performances will run Monday through Wednesday, November 1-3 at 7:00PM at Joe's Pub at The Public (425 Lafayette, NYC). Tickets are ($20) available now online, via phone (212.967.7555) or in-person at The Public's Box Office. (more...)
Producers Guild of America Honors Jim Gianopulos with 2016 Milestone Award
by TV News Desk - Oct 6, 2015
The Producers Guild of America (PGA) announced today that Jim Gianopulos, Chairman and CEO of 20th Century Fox, will be honored with the 2015 Milestone Award. (more...)
STAGE TUBE: New Promo for Synetic Theater's ALICE IN WONDERLAND
by Stage Tube - Oct 6, 2015
Synetic Company Member Kathy Gordon was born in Oxford, England and grew up among the places that inspired Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland. The actress now brings her childhood familiarity with that world to the title character in Synetic Theater's 2015/16 season opener Alice in Wonderland. (more...)
Broadway Legend Carol Channing Talks Taking Pride in Her Age, Not Slowing Down, and More
by Sally Henry - Oct 4, 2015
Carol Channing is glad to be 94 and loving every minute of it. (more...)
Full Cast Announced for Stage Adaptation of BEN HUR
by BWW News Desk - Oct 1, 2015
Full casting is announced today for Ben Hur - Tim Carroll directs Alix Dunmore, Richard Durden, John Hopkins and Ben Jones. The production opens on 24 November, with previews from 19 November, and runs until 9 January 2016. (more...)
NUTCRACKER, CINDERELLA, 'LEGENDS' and More Set for New York Theatre Ballet's 2015-16 Season
by BWW News Desk - Aug 31, 2015
New York Theatre Ballet announces the 2015-16 season, which will include repertory performances at Schimmel Center at Pace University (September 19-20, 2015), Danspace Project (October 1-3, 2015), and New York Live Arts (February 24-27, 2016). (more...)
Colony Theatre Company to Stage West Coast Premiere of THE BEST ENEMIES, Begin. 9/16
by BWW News Desk - Aug 31, 2015
The Colony Theatre is thrilled to present the second production of its 41st season, the West Coast Premiere of THE BEST OF ENEMIES by Mark St. Germain, directed by David Rose. THE BEST OF ENEMIES will preview on Wednesday, September 16; Thursday, September 17; and Friday, September 18 at 8:00pm. It will open on Saturday, September 19 at 8:00pm and continue through Sunday, October 18. (more...)
VIDEO: Ariana Grande & More Go Behind-the-Scenes of WE LOVE DISNEY Compilation Album
by TV News Desk - Aug 25, 2015
Verve Records and Walt Disney Records will present the compilation album WE LOVE DISNEY, which will be released on October 30th. (more...)
Theatre at the Center's Theatre for Young Audiences to Present FREEDOM TRAIN & More During 2015-16 Season
by BWW News Desk - Aug 25, 2015
Theatre at the Center's Theatre for Young Audiences, 1040 Ridge Road, Munster, IN, recognized for presenting exciting, fun and educational productions, is thrilled to announce their 2015-2016 season. (more...)
Full Cast Announced for Stage Adaptation of TIPPING THE VELVET
by BWW News Desk - Aug 24, 2015
Kirsty Besterman, David Cardy, Amanda Hadingue, Adelle Leonce and Andy Rush will join the previously announced Sally Messham and Laura Rogers in Laura Wade's new adaptation of Sarah Waters' bestselling novel, Tipping the Velvet, directed by Lyndsey Turner. They will be supported by a young ensemble. Tipping the Velvet will open at the Lyric Hammersmith on 28 September 2015, with previews from 18 September. (more...)
Circus Oz to Present CURIOSITY by Dislocate in October
by BWW News Desk - Aug 24, 2015
As the Melba Spiegeltent settles into her permanent location at the Circus Oz headquarters in Collingwood, Circus Oz will present day time performances of Curiosity by Dislocate from 17 - 24 October 2015. (more...)
DADDY'S BOY World Premiere Set for NYC Dream Up Festival, 8/30-9/6
by BWW News Desk - Aug 19, 2015
Theater for the New City's Dream Up Festival 2015 presents Daddy's Boy, a world premiere play written by Cristian Avila where the wrestling ring becomes a battleground sexuality, family and identity. Avila directs a cast of eight, including David Conrad Brouillard, Julia Gyory, Aya Esther Hayashi, Jonathan Palmiotti, Christopher Staley*, Kyle Stockburger, Rachel Wharton, and Nick Zale. Six performances will be staged at Theater for the New City, 155 First Avenue (bet. 9th and 10th Streets), New York, NY 10003 from August 30-September 6, 2015. *Member, Actors' Equity Association. AEA Showcase. (more...)
Photo Flash: First Look at SHREK THE MUSICAL, JR. at Walnut Street
by BWW News Desk - Aug 19, 2015
Kids and their adult friends will love the WST for Kids' production of SHREK THE MUSICAL JR.. Based on the book by William Steig and the popular DreamWorks Animation Motion Picture, this hour-long musical will be performed LIVE at Walnut Street Theatre October 3 through October 24, 2015. BroadwayWorld has a first look at the cast in action below! (more...)
Colorado Ballet to Present LA SYLPHIDE as Season Opener, 10/2
by BWW News Desk - Aug 18, 2015
DENVER Colorado Ballet opens its 55th season with the romantic ballet La Sylphide, October 2-11, 2015at the Ellie Caulkins Opera House. La Sylphide features choreography by August Bournonville and music by Herman Severin Løvenskiold, performed live by the Colorado Ballet Orchestra. (more...)
In Celebration of the Digital HD and Blu-ray Release of 'Cinderella,' Disney Launches The 'A Million Words of Kindness' Campaign
by BWW News Desk - Aug 17, 2015
VIDEO: Ariana Grande, Ne-Yo & More to Cover Disney Classics for New Compilation Album; Full Track List
by TV News Desk - Aug 17, 2015
Ariana Grande, Fall Out Boy, Kacey Musgraves, Gwen Stefani, Ne-Yo, Jessie J, Jason Derulo and Tori Kelly are set to cover Disney classics! (more...)
Filming Gets Underway on J.K. Rowling's FANTASTIC BEASTS AND WHERE TO FIND THEM
by BWW News Desk - Aug 17, 2015
Principal photography has begun on Warner Bros. Pictures' highly anticipated feature "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them." (more...)
Photo Flash: First Look- Disney Unveils Posters for THE JUNGLE BOOK, CAPTAIN AMERICA: CIVIL WAR, and More
by BWW News Desk - Aug 16, 2015
This weekend at D23 Expo, Disney presented updates on a slew of their upcoming live-action films and even released cover art and stills from some. Below, check out the new posters for CAPTAIN AMERICA: CIVIL WAR, ALICE THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS, THE JUNGLE BOOK, and more! (more...)
Disney D23 Expo Roundup- PETE'S DRAGON Remake, New BEAUTY AND THE BEAST Songs, Ben Kingsley Set to Lead JUNGLE BOOK, and Much More!
by BWW News Desk - Aug 15, 2015
Disney's annual D23 Expo is underway this weekend with exciting announcement after announcement! (more...)
NE-YO, Ariana Grande, Fall Out Boy and More Will Lend Voices to WE LOVE DISNEY Compilation Album; Hits Shelves October 2015!
by BWW News Desk - Aug 14, 2015
In a unique collaboration between Verve Records and Walt Disney Records, the two esteemed labels have teamed up to present the compilation album WE LOVE DISNEY, which will be released on October 30th. The compilation features the hottest artists from across the pop, rock, R&B, and country worlds delivering their own unique interpretations of classic Disney songs. The album was produced by multi-platinum, 16-time Grammy Award-winning producer and Verve Music Group Chairman David Foster. The 12 artists to be featured are... (more...)
Photo Flash: First Posters for Disney's ALICE THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS
by BWW News Desk - Aug 14, 2015
Disney has just unveiled the first two posters for its upcoming film ALICE THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS via Twitter - check them out below! (more...)
New Victory's 2015-16 LabWorks Residency Artists, Professional Development Companies Set
by BWW News Desk - Aug 13, 2015
The New Victory Theater, New York City's premier theater for kids and families, announces the 2015-16 artist residencies and professional development companies for the 2015-16 New VictoryLabWorks program. Established to champion high-quality performing arts for audiences of all ages, New Victory LabWorks fosters the creation of new work, offers professional development and advocates for high-quality performing arts and arts engagement in the lives of young people by providing the necessary resources and mining opportunities for professional exchange among a broad spectrum of arts professionals living and creating work in NYC. (more...)
Disney India to Present BEAUTY AND THE BEAST, Oct. 23
by BWW News Desk - Aug 12, 2015
Disney India today announced plans to bring the timeless classic Beauty and the Beast to the Indian stage for the first time ever. Based on the Academy Award-winning animated feature film, this classic musical love story will be presented to Indian audiences on the same scale as the mega-productions seen on New York's Broadway and on London's West End. Over 100 of the best musical theatre performers in India will bring the story of Beauty and the Beast alive on stage, with world class production values, lavish sets and gorgeous costumes, drawing inspiration from western and Indian influences. (more...)


text:
click on image to zoom
Click to see additional views
May We Also Suggest
View our selection of greeting cards.
You can select and personalize a greeting card at checkout.
6-Month Signature Light Fruit-of-the-Month Club® Collection (Begins October)
Select your Club Length
A $159.94 value
There is a plentiful assortment of gourmet fruits in this monthly Club. We've added a few unique fruits to this Club, making it perfect for exotic fruit lovers. You couldn't always get fresh fruit year-round—especially if you didn't live where it grew. That's why Harry and David found a way to ship the finest fruit all over the country with the Fruit-of-the-Month Club® Collections. A new favorite fruit handpicked and delivered fresh each month makes the perfect gift for anyone.
- OCT: Royal Riviera® Pears (approx. 5 pears, 2 lb 12 oz)
- NOV: Holiday® Grapes (seedless grapes, 1 lb 8 oz)
- DEC: Royal Riviera® Pears (approx. 5 pears, 2 lb 12 oz)
- JAN: Bosc Pears (approx. 7 pears, 2 lb 12 oz)
- FEB: HoneyBells (approx. 4-6 HoneyBells, 3 lb)
- MAR: Grapefruit (approx. 4 grapefruit, 3 lb 4 oz)
For additional Shipping and Processing details click here.
Do you have questions about this product?
get answers from real customers and in-house experts with AnswerBox.
2 Questions | 2 Answers
Displaying questions 1-2
Q:Do they really have to get pears 3 times within the 6 mth period? Can we switch them out for different fruits so that they get a better variety? Or is there a customizable fruit of the mth club?Asked on 9/9/2012 by Cassie from Scottsdale, AZ
1 answer
A:Cassie, we can customize our Fruit-of-the-Month Club to substitute a different fruit for the pears. Please call 1-800-547-3033 and we'll be glad to help.Answered on 9/10/2012 by Customer Care from Medford, OR
Q:What if the recipient lives in two homes? Can we customize the order so it's shipped to one home for say, two months and the other home for the rest of the order without any interruption?Asked on 9/7/2012 by michelle
1 answer
A:Michelle, we can set up a temporary address for your recipient if they will be at a different location for part of the Club. Please call us at 1-800-345-5655 to make the arrangements.Answered on 9/8/2012 by Customer Care from Medford, OR
Displaying questions 1-2


text:
Newark Affordable Hotels
Displaying 11 Hotels in Glen Mills
More IHG Hotels in Newark, Delaware, United States
Staybridge Suites Wilmington - Brandywine Valley
Upscale Extended Stay Hotel located near major shopping and dining centers. 110 Suites each with fully stocked kitchens and separate living and dining areas. Complimentary hot breakfast buffet each morning and managers reception Tuesday through Thursday nights featuring light fare and complimentary beer and wine. Complimentary 24/7 fitness center and laundry room for all guests.
4.8 /5 (166 reviews)
400 Evergreen Drive, Glen Mills, PA 19342, United States
Hotel Reservations : 1 888 465 4329 | Hotel Front Desk : 1-610-3582560