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Posts By John J. Brandon
Optimism High, But Challenges Remain for Burma's Future
September 26, 2012
Given the decades-long political stasis in Burma (also known as Myanmar), the changes introduced under President Thein Sein have been nothing short of remarkable. Over the past 18 months, President Thein Sein has released thousands of political prisoners…
Topics: ASEAN | Economic Development | Elections | Governance | Human Rights | International Development | Regional Cooperation | Washington DC
Countries: Myanmar
Neil Armstrong, Southeast Asia, and International Literacy Day
September 5, 2012
Like many, I was saddened to learn of Neil Armstrong's death in August. He was 82. When Mr. Armstrong made his "one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," I was a 12-year-old boy growing up in New Jersey.
Topics: Books for Asia | Education | International Literacy Day | Regional Cooperation
Countries: Cambodia
Asia: The World's Most Water-Stressed Continent
March 21, 2012
Tomorrow is World Water Day. Tragically, by the end of the day, 4,300 children somewhere in the world will have died because of contaminated water and poor sanitation. That's one child every every 20 seconds. This is an appalling statistic, but still represents a marked improvement from 12 years ago…
Topics: Conflict and Fragile Conditions | Environment | International Development | Regional Cooperation | Washington DC | World Water Day
A Strategic Pivot in U.S.-Southeast Asia Relations in 2012
January 4, 2012
For much of the past two decades, many Southeast Asians have expressed frustration that U.S. policy treated their region with benign neglect or indifference, and that the United States' attention was episodic rather than consistent. In 2011, the Obama administration announced that the U.S. needed to make "a strategic pivot" in its foreign policy…
Topics: 2012 Forecast | ASEAN | Economic Development | Governance | Regional Cooperation | Washington DC
Countries: Cambodia | Indonesia | Malaysia | Myanmar | Thailand | Vietnam
Should the U.S. 'Lead from Behind' at East Asia Summit?
November 16, 2011
On November 19, leaders of the 18 nations that comprise the East Asia Summit (EAS) will meet in Bali, Indonesia, to discuss a broad array of political, security, and economic issues. For the first time, the United States will participate as a full-fledged member. For much of the post-Cold War period, the U.S. approach to institution-building in Asia…
Topics: Economic Development | Governance | International Development | Regional Cooperation | Washington DC
7 Billion and Counting
November 2, 2011
According to the United Nations, a baby born this week became the world's 7 billionth person. As four babies are born somewhere around the world each second, no one knows for sure exactly which baby was the 7 billionth, or where he or she was born. However, it is probable this person was born somewhere in Asia…
Topics: Governance | International Development | Regional Cooperation | Washington DC
Countries: Bangladesh | China | India | Indonesia | Japan | Korea | Pakistan
Timor-Leste's President Calls for Redoubling of Nation's Commitment to Education
September 14, 2011
On September 8, The Asia Foundation commemorated International Literacy Day
for the first time in Timor-Leste. The Foundation partnered with the Secretary of State for Youth and Sport, Alola Foundation, Care International, and Timor Aid to host a book fair for primary and secondary students.
Topics: Books for Asia | Education | International Development | International Literacy Day | Literacy | Regional Cooperation
Countries: Timor-Leste
What Happens When Thaksin Returns to Thailand?
August 10, 2011
Last week, Thailand made history when its parliament elected its first-ever woman Prime Minister, Yingluck Shinawatra, one month after her Pheu Thai party swept the July 3 elections. However, Prime Minister Yingluck's ability to rise to the top of Thailand's political echelon is not because of her political acumen.
Topics: Corruption | Economic Development | Elections | Governance | Regional Cooperation | Thai Elections | Washington DC
Countries: Thailand
U.S. Economic Crisis Recalls Shared Sacrifice and Compromise in Thailand's Past
August 10, 2011
Watching the debt-ceiling debate unfold in Washington, D.C., in recent weeks reminded me of another financial crisis, the one in Thailand, which started the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98. That crisis had a devastating impact on the Thai people. Economic growth fell from 6.5 percent to negative 10 percent, inflation rose…
Topics: Debt Crisis | Economic Development | Regional Cooperation | Washington DC
Countries: Thailand
Will Thaksin Outmaneuver Thailand's Military and Traditional Elites?
June 29, 2011
Between March and May 2010, Thailand experienced its worst href="http://asiafoundation.org/in-asia/2010/05/19/thailand-black-may-redux/">political violence in decades. Since then, Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva has insisted that he and his government are committed to national reconciliation. Shortly afterwards, a truth and reconciliation commission was established to investigate the military crackdown that culminated in May…
Topics: Economic Development | Elections | Governance | Regional Cooperation | Thai Elections | Washington DC
Countries: Thailand


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This is the electronic format of the Journal.
This essential information captures the state of the composites industry to assist engineering/technical professionals in charting a course for achieving economic success. The material characteristics of composites, their applications, and complex composites manufacturing processes depend on many factors. These are all fully considered and presented to meet the challenges that face this marketplace.
This set consists of three books, Design of Automotive Composites, CAE Design and Failure Analysis of Automotive Composites, and Biocomposites in Automotive Applications all developed by Dr. Charles Lu and Dr. Srikanth Pilla. Design of Automotive Composites reports successful designs of automotive composites occurred recently in this arena, CAE Design and Failure Analysis of Automotive Composites focuses on the latest use of CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) methods in design and failure analysis of composite materials and structures, and Biocomposites in Automotive Applications, focuses on processing and characterization of biocomposites, their application in the automotive industry and new perspectives on automotive sustainability. Together, they are a focused collection providing the reader with must-read technical papers, hand-picked by the editors, supporting the growing importance of the use of composites in the ground vehicle industry. Dr. Charles Lu is H.E.
This set is comprised of two titles, Advances in Aircraft Landing Gear and Advances in Aircraft Brakes and Tires both edited by Robert Kyle Schmidt, a mechanical engineer and known expert in this subject. Advances in Aircraft Landing Gear is a collection of eleven hand-picked technical papers focusing on the significant advancements that have occurred in this field concerning numeric modeling, electric actuation, and composite materials. Advances in Aircraft Brakes and Tires focuses on the aircraft's interface with the ground – through its wheels, tires and brakes – a critical part of a safe and reliable operation. It presents a selection of the most relevant papers published by SAE International on these matters in the past fifteen years.
A keen focus on operations, cost management, leadership, and customer service is presented in this book for fleets to thrive in today's competitive business environment. Basic concepts and customer service fundamentals, along with integrated best practices, and business tools are fully described. This model can be applied by service groups of any size to achieve quality performance benefits for both the customer and the fleet-provider. Fleet Services: Redefining Success presents: • A back-to-basics approach that begins by redefining a fleet's customers to fully identify and provide customer-driven services. • A hierarchy for success that includes development of management goals and strategies to exceed customer expectations. • Best practices and associated business tool requirements that assure exceptional service and win-win results. • An innovative business model that maximizes opportunities and positive outcomes for fleet service providers.
Today, we are all strongly dependent on the correct functioning of technical systems. They fail, and we become vulnerable. Disruptions due to degradation or anomalous behavior can negatively impact safety, operations, and brand name, reducing the profitability of all elements of the value chain. This can be tolerated if the link between cause and effect is understood and remedied. Anomalous behavior, which indicates systems or subsystems not acting in accordance with design intent, is a much more serious problem. It includes unwanted system responses and faults whose root cause can't be properly diagnosed, leading to costly, and sometimes unnecessary, component replacements. The title No Fault Found: The Search for the Root Cause was developed to propose solutions to this technical and business challenge, which has become less and less acceptable to the commercial aviation industry globally.
The aircraft landing gear system is relatively unique on board an aircraft—it is both structure and machine, supporting the aircraft on the ground, yet providing functions such as energy absorption during landing, retraction, steering, and braking. Advances in Aircraft Landing Gear is a collection of eleven hand-picked technical papers focusing on the significant advancements that have occurred in this field concerning numeric modeling, electric actuation, and composite materials. Additionally, papers discussing self-powered landing gear and more electrical overall aircraft architectures have been included. The content of Advances in Aircraft Landing Gear is divided into two sections: Analysis and Design Methods; and Electric Actuation, Control, and Taxi.
An aircraft's interface with the ground—through its wheels, tires, and brakes—is critical to ensure safe and reliable operation, demanding constant technology development. Significant advancements have occurred with almost all civil airliners entering service with radial tires, and with the Boeing 787 having entered service in 2011 with electrically actuated carbon-carbon brakes. This book is divided into three sections: tires, control systems, and brakes, presenting a selection of the most relevant papers published by SAE International on these matters in the past fifteen years. They have been chosen to provide significant interest to those engineers working in the landing gear field. With almost all current large civil aircraft (and many smaller aircraft) opting exclusively for carbon-carbon brakes, a number of papers addressing the challenges of this technology are included. Papers touching on tire behavior and papers discussing brake control strategies are provided.
The automotive sector has taken a keen interest in lightweighting as new required performance standards for fuel economy come into place. This strategy includes parts consolidation, design optimization, and material substitution, with sustainable polymers playing a major role in reducing a vehicle's weight. Sustainable polymers are largely biodegradable, biocompatible, and sourced from renewable plant and agricultural stocks. A facile way to enhance their properties, so they can indeed replace the ones made from fossil fuels, is by reinforcing them with fibers to make composites. Natural fibers are gaining more acceptance in the industry due to their renewable nature, low cost, low density, low energy consumption, high specific strength and stiffness, CO2 sequestration potential, biodegradability, and less wear imposed on machinery. Biocomposites then become a very feasible way to help address the fuel consumption challenge ahead of us.
The World Light Vehicle Production Digest provides a series of charts, graphs and tables built from the ground up using production actuals (not forecasts).
This report looks at Ford's global activities, introducing a more concise breakdown and review of the best-selling models, most-used model platforms and a wider-ranging review of global production activities, each with related analysis. Also included are details about key elements of the Ford Supplier Portal, the online repository of information and data which the OEM uses to disseminate information to its current suppliers and how it establishes contact with new part and service providers. The report further looks at the Aligned Business Framework, the group of preferred suppliers who currently deliver approximately 65% of all parts used across global vehicle assembly at Ford and are likely to gain further volumes under the One Ford programme. Yet, there are still opportunities to work with Ford around the world, and these are also discussed. This report provides information on how suppliers are now being invited to collaborate in early vehicle development meetings.
Around the world, the major automakers are developing their strategies for conductive and wireless charging technologies, with concerted efforts to establish technical standards on wireless electric vehicle charging, mainly focused on the safety considerations and inter-operability. Wireless Charging Technology and the Future of Electric Transportation covers the current status of wireless power transfer (WPT) technology and its potential applications to the future road and rail transportation systems. Focusing on the applications of WPT technology to electric vehicle charging and the future green transportation field, Wireless Charging Technology and the Future of Electric Transportation was written collaboratively by nine experts in the field, led by Dr. In-Soo Suh, a professor and researcher from the Korean Advanced Institute of Technology (KAIST).
The desire for greater fuel efficiency and reduced emissions have accelerated a shift from traditional materials to design solutions that more closely match materials and their properties with key applications. The Multi-Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) Project presents cutting edge engineering that meets future challenges in a concept vehicle with weight and life-cycle assessment savings. These results significantly contribute to achieving fuel reduction and to meeting future Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ) regulations without compromising vehicle performance or occupant safety.
This exclusive report produced by ABOUT Automotive concentrates on three of the most important areas within the automotive chassis sector: • Braking components, modules and systems • Suspension and damping systems • Steering systems It addresses the critical issues facing the automotive chassis sector, and is broken down into eight major sections: • Key market drivers • Braking components, modules and systems • Suspension and damping systems • Steering systems • Chassis sector supplier profiles • OEM system technology trends • OEM modular sourcing trends • Technology roadmap This includes mainstream, mass-market technology, as well as innovative and advanced technology where appropriate in each product area. The report also analyses the approach of each supplier to the market, including its role within the emergence of innovative technologies. Likewise, the research provides an analysis of the technology and sourcing trends apparent among the major global carmakers.
This report examines Volvo's product and platform strategy, including the upcoming SPA and CMA platforms. It goes inside the Volvo's purchasing strategy, and interviews the company's Lars Wrebo, Senior Vice President of Purchasing and Manufacturing. Owned now by Geely of China, Volvo's brand recognition derives in large part from its reputation for leading-edge safety technology and environmental compliance. The advent of the original XC90 SUV and the subsequent smaller XC60 changed the company's overall image somewhat, but the focus on safety remained paramount. In China, Geely wants to emphasize the premium nature of its vehicles. Although production is growing in Europe and now in China, Volvo remains a relatively small player at under 500,000 units a year.
Advances in Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles provides an in-depth look into the research being conducted on the development of more efficient batteries capable of long distance travel. The text contains an introductory section on the market for battery and hybrid electric vehicles, thoroughly presenting the latest on lithium-ion battery technology. Readers will find sections on battery pack design and management, a discussion of the infrastructure required for the creation of a battery powered transport network, and coverage of the issues involved with end-of-life management for these types of batteries.
Organized in cooperation with SAE International, AVL's International Commercial Powertrain Conference- ICPC, happens every two years. This event offers a unique opportunity for engineers to address the synergy effects and distinctive characteristics of commercial vehicles, agricultural tractors and non-road vehicles, and industrial machinery. In 2015, the 8th ICPC focused on alternative powertrain technologies and innovations improving operating efficiency. These proceedings include 17 papers focusing on the following topics: • Emissions reduction for heavy-duty vehicles • Alternative drivetrains • Autonomous driving • Connected driving • Efficiency • Alternative fuels • Product diversity • Challenges of cost vs. complexity
This is the electronic format of the Journal.
Commercial Vehicle

subset: commoncrawl


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Adjustable Vent - Satin Nickel - 229x76mm. 716030
£7.4916 points
Free Collection in store.
Home delivery within 3 days
Express delivery also available
Product details
- This Adjustable Vent encourages the flow of air through your home.
- Material: Stainless steel.
- Effect and finish: Satin nickel finish.
- Colour: Silver.
- Usage: Suitable for interior use.
- Dimensions in mm: (H)229, (W)76.
- Surface mounted: Yes.
- Adjustable: Yes.
- Usage restrictions: Not suitable for use with gas appliances.
- Fixings: Sold separately.
- Includes: 1 x vent. Safety details: Do not block vent.
- Available for delivery to mainland UK and Northern Ireland.� Unfortunately we cannot deliver to the outlying islands.
Rated 3 out of 5 by 2 reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Paul Just as expected Not much to say about this vent. It works well and comes in this stylish satin finish. 14 November 2014
Rated 1 out of 5 by Dave misleading size This vent is actually 229 x 90mm and will NOT fit on a standard skirting board - other than that looks great and well made - shame! 23 April 2011
1-2 of 2
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The whole purpose of an ultra thin TV is having it blend into its surroundings.
Share videos, music and photos between your smartphone, tablet or laptop, and your TV.
Cutting edge high-end invisible loudspeaker for residential and commercial sound systems
Internet Radio / DAB+ / FM-RDS / USB / Network Music Player Digital Receiver


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Spend 2 nights in Miami Hotel. Good location. Easy access to everywhere. Good clean & spacious room. They are near to restaurants, bars, 7-11, night shopping market within walking distance. They provided free coffee & tea in the morning.
The people running the place were friendly and helpful. They assisted me with things like renting a motorbike and doing my laundry without any hassle. The price was reasonable for a private room and the amenities it had. However, the rooms were dark and wifi reception was poor inside the room. There was a lot of traffic noise, but it...
first room i was offered had dirty walls and not nice.. second slightly better and i was not in mood to look for another hotel.. moldy smell in room.. bathroom dirty.. i could wipe dust film off top of toilet.. some mosquitoes in room.. sheets clean but old and some faded stains.. some debris on floor if you look for...
This hotel is located near the northeast corner of the old city, well within walking distance of the entire old city as well as the Sunday night market and Loi Khoh. The staff was nice and the rooms were cleaned daily. They did ask for a key deposit. Next door is a Mexican restaurant "Manuels" which our cab driver recommended...
The hotel was cheap and I had a very spacious room, it was perfect for the money I paid.
It's just outside of the old city, with a lot of places within walking distance.
I remember it had good wifi (compared to the rest of Thailand :) ) Would definitely recommend it to a budget traveler !
We enjoyed Miami Hotel enough to return for a second stay later in our trip. Prices were great (we stayed at the end of October, just before the high season bump) for a very large room including a fridge, AC, and sizeable bathroom with hot water. Wifi was free and fast, but there was one day without service (although this...
I was pleasantly surprised when we walked into our room... I wasn't expecting much from a place that rents rooms for 450B. Very clean and nice and cold a/c that cools the room down quickly. The staff was very nice. The location is great just outside of the moat and right by the Sunday market. This place is worth more...
I consider this place as motel in America because of its appearance and facilities. They have no lift so if you have adults or too many stuff should stay on ground floor except room number one. Here has problem with drain system, be sure that you room water can drain properly. Staff was nice and friendly.
We loved this place! It's what a budget hotel should be. The rooms were basic but large and they were cleaned everyday with free bottled water provided, warm showers, and fresh towels. The location is perfect, we rarely used a tuc-tuc - only for day trips.
The best thing about the hotel was the lovely Pear who goes out of...
Stayed in Miami hotel for 3 nights, although the staff were really helpful, the rooms were a let down. We stayed here based on the reviews on trip advisor and the fact that it was cheap. Our bathroom stunk of sewage and the shower head was broken, therefore, you had to hold the shower head which as you can probably...


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The Jacksons To Honor Michael On Reunion Tour, Will Record New Music
Amid talk that The Jacksons previously considered the use of a Michael Jackson hologram – for his posthumous Cirque du Soleil Immortal World Tour – is the reality that the Jacksons are very much considering it for a future tour (a la deceased rapper Tupac's appearance at Coachella), Jackie Jackson told E! News. For now, however, the Jacksons are hitting the road for an overdue reunion – dubbed the Unity Tour – where they'll honor their late brother and even perform a selection of his solo hits.
"I just wish my brother was here with us so we could do it with him, but there is gonna be some planning to dedicate some songs to Michael in the show, and I'm sure his spirit will be in the house when we're out there performing on the stage," Jackie Jackson, Michael's eldest brother, told Billboard.
Rehearsals for the summer tour kick off May 1, a month and a half before the stateside trek starts on June 18 in Louisville. It'll be the brothers' first tour since 1984's Victory Tour — a hits-filled live show that's been delayed due to individual projects from Jermaine, Marlon, Tito and Jackie.
"For many many years, we've been saying that we wanted to tour and go out, and sometimes things just don't happen the way you want them to," Jackson said. "All of our fans around the world wanted us to tour as well. So we decided to come together and just do it for the fans because they want to see it."
Immediately following the tour, the Jacksons will hit the recording studio to work on their first album since 1989's 2300 Jackson Street. Jackie adds that the album will sound "a little bit of today, and also a return to our sound. We're gonna keep it simpleŠ We can't shy away from our sound."
A more extensive tour – possibly including a hologram Michael – will follow the release of the album, which will be out on the recently revived Motown label.
Full tour dates for the Jacksons' Unity Tour 2012:
June 18: Louisville, KY (Palace Theatre)
June 19: Cincinnati, OH (PNC Pavilion at Riverbend Music Center)
June 20: Rama, ON (Casino Rama)
June 22: Merrillville, IN (Star Plaza Theatre)
June 23: Detroit, MI (Fox Theatre)
June 24: Kettering, OH (Fraze Pavilion)
June 26: Cleveland, OH (Jacob's Pavilion)
June 28: New York, NY (Apollo)
June 29: Atlantic City, NJ (Borgata)
June 30: Englewood, NJ (Bergen PAC)
July 1: Baltimore, MD (Lyric Opera House)
July 3: Washington, DC (DAR Constitution Hall)
July 6: Raleigh, NC (Raleigh Amphitheatre)
July 7: Charlotte, NC (Time Warner Cable Uptown Amphitheatre)
July 8: Atlanta, GA (Chastain Park)
July 10: Nashville, TN (Ryman Auditorium)
July 11: St. Louis, MO (Fox Theatre)
July 13: Dallas, TX (Verizon Theatre)
July 14: Houston, TX (Bayou Music Theatre (Verizon Theatre))
July 17: Albuquerque, NM (Hard Rock Hotel & Casino)
July 18: Phoenix, AZ (Dodge (Comerica Theater))
July 20: Las Vegas, NV (The Cannery)
July 21: San Diego, CA (Harrah's Rincon)
July 22: Los Angeles, CA (The Greek)
July 27: Saratoga, CA (The Mountain Winery)
July 28: Lincoln City, OR (Chinook Winds Casino)
July 29: Snoqualmie, WA (Snoqualmie Casino)
–Jillian Mapes, CBS Local
See what's up on JAMZ!
- Enter To Win Tickets To The Advance Screening Of Goosebumps!
- Listen to Omarion's Sexy Song 'Sweet Anita'
- Paul McCartney Releases Alternate Video for Michael Jackson Duet 'Say, Say, Say'
- Kendrick Lamar Pays Tribute to Eazy-E's Cultural Legacy
- Instagram Celebrates Its B'day with Rap Stars' First Photos
- Watch One Direction Perform on 'The X Factor Australia'
- Can 1 Fan Get MLB to Invite Fetty Wap to Sing the National Anthem?
- Instagram Turns 5, Who Makes The Top 10?
- Will Lady Gaga Return for 'American Horror Story' Season Six?
- David Guetta Announces 'Sun Goes Down' Remix Competition


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Nov 28, 1967
|Filing date
|May 1, 1964
|Priority date
|May 1, 1964
|Publication number
|Fahnestock Frank C
|Original Assignee
|Mobil Oil Corp
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (11), Referenced by (12), Classifications (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
. FAHNESTOCK Nov. 28, 1967 METHOD OF FORMING AN UNDERGROUND STORAGE CHAMBER 2 Sheets-Sheet Filed May 1-, 1964 INVENTOR FfankCfb/znes/ac/r QMW/ ATT'OR EY Nov. 28, 1967 c. FAHNESTOCK METHOD OF FORMING AN UNDERGROUND STORAGE CHAMBER Filed May 1, 1964 l NVE NTOR Fran/r CFahnesfac/r United States Patent 3,354,656 METHOD OF FORMING AN UNDERGROUND STORAGE CHAMBER Frank C. Fahnestock, Roslyn Harbor, N.Y., assignor to Mobil Oil Corporation, a corporation of New York Filed May 1, 1964, Ser. No. 364,180 12 Claims. (61--36) This invention relates to underground storage of liquids and gases in excavated chambers. In particular, the present invention relates to underground chambers suitable for low-temperature storage of liquified gases at substantially atmospheric pressure, and to improved methods of their excavation, in which the walls of said chambers essentially are stabilized by a soil-stabilizing material.
Excavated or natural underground storage chambers have been found particularly well suited for low-temperature storage of volatile hydrocarbons, such as natural gas, propane, butane, and the like, whose vapor pressures are high at atmospheric temperatures. The cost of comparable surface storage chambers, such as steel tanks, becomes excessive when highly volatile materials are to be stored in large quantities. Provision must be made either for pressure resistant construction at normal temperature storage or for insulation at low temperature storage. For surface storage in either case, great expense together with practical quantity limitations are incurred. Thus, extensive surface storage of highly volatile hydrocarbons, as required during elf-season, has not been found economically feasible.
Low temperature underground storage of highly volatile hydrocarbons has been found preferable to surface storage in certain locations, particularly where existing caves or favorable soil conditions have permitted uncomplicated excavation and construction of underground chambers. The earth walls of such chambers provide excellent insulation, particularly when equilibrium conditions of storage are approached and the walls have become frozen for a substantial thickness. Under equilibrium conditions, low temperatures may be readily maintained by asmall refrigeration system. Generally, it has been found that adequate cooling may be provided by surface evaporation of the stored hydrocarbon, which vapors are compressed in a refrigeration unit, condensed and recycled to the chamber. In this manner, the evaporation loss of the product is minimized at little expense. Additionally, large quantities of storage may be provided at low maintenance expense without costly pressure equipment or insualtion.
The benefits of low temperature underground storage, however, are not without practical limitations. Understandably, soil conditions favoring readily constructed underground chambers are limited. Tight walls are a practical necessity; permeable walls, for example, would allow product loss or contamination from leakage. Moreover, unstable or weak earth walls would present the hazard of imminent crumbling or collapse, and of destruction of the chamber during or after excavation. The hazard of a collapsed chamber containing large quantities of volatile, highly flammable hydrocarbons, capable of forming an explosive mixture with air, is easily recognized.
The above limitations of underground chambers are largely obviated by freezing the walls thereof. Construc tion of underground storage chambers, accordingly, has generally been accomplished by driving tubes into wet soil in a circle around the circumference of the proposed excavation, circulating a refrigerant in the tubes to freeze an earth ring to the required depth of the chamber, and excavating the soil within the frozen circumference 3 ,354,656 Patented Nov. 28, 1967 which comprises the solidified walls of the excavated chamber. See Oil and Gas Journal 60, No. 30, pp. 1 (July 23, 1963). Materials ranging from liquified natural gas (normal boiling point, 285 F.) to liquified propane (normal boiling point, 44 F.) have been stored in such chambers.
Frozen walls have been found substantially impermeable and can efiiciently enclose liquiiied hydrocarbons with little loss from product seepage. Furthermore, frozen walls exhibit strength superior to earth or sand Walls per se. However, although the permeability and weakness of underground walls may be overcome by freezing, additional problems are encountered in that the ground must be frozen prior to excavation and maintained frozen during and after excavation. Thus, if the frozen walls were allowed to thraw during construction, the hazard of collapse would again exist. Moreover, construction time and expense are high, since a delay is required during freezing prior to and throughout excavation and independent refrigeration must be maintained until the product is stored. A period of a year or vmore typically is required to construct an underground chamber. In addition to the delay and expense of constructing such chambers, a further limitation exists: frozen earth occasionally exhibits plastic flow at temperatures in excess of about -50 F. Consequently, underground storage in frozen chambers is practically limited in temperature range to a maximum of about 50 F.
It is a major object of the present invention to provide a method of excavating underground storage chambers, which method obviates the above-mentioned limitations of delay and expense incurred by present methods of excavation.
An underground chamber, able to store large quantities of liquids at extremely low temperatures or at substantially atmospheric temperatures, or in the temperature range between about -423 F. and about 100 F., is a major result of the present method.
The expedition of the construction of underground chambers is a further result and object of the invention.
Moreover, a primary objective of the present invention is to permit excavation of storage chambers in locations where soil conditions heretofore have precluded or discouraged such endeavor, or where expense or delay have dictated alternative methods of storage at great expense or inconvenience. I
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become manifest to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description and illustrations thereof.
In one embodiment the present invention comprises an underground chamber for the storage of liquids, the soil walls of which are consolidated by injected soil-stabilizing material.
In another embodiment the present invention comprises a method of excavating an underground chamber, serviceable for the storage and insulation of liquids over a wide range of temperature, which comprises defining a soil core to be excavated and thereby to provide said chamber, injecting, prior to excavation of a soil core into soil immediately adjacent and surrounding said soil core a soil-stabilizing material, allowing said material to set and to consolidate said immediately adjacent soil, excavating said soil core within said immediately adjacent consolidated soil, which consolidated soil comprises walls for said underground chamber.
Soil stabilizing materials suitable for use in the method of the present invention are broadly known in the art as grouting materials and the like. As employed herein and in the claims, soil-stabilizing material may be defined as a substance which can be injected into soil and which,
- upon'setting, consolidates the soil in a region substantially stronger than the soil per se, and such materials include chemical grouts, Portland cement, slag-cement, resin gypsum cements, clays, bentonites, pozzolans and the like, and mixtures and products thereof. Essentially, for the present invention, these materials must be capable offluid transfer and of permeating the specific soil injected therewith in order to stabilize a substantially continuous region underground, which region comprises the walls of a chamber after excavation. With an understanding of the teaching of the present invention, the man skilled in the art will immediately recognize its adaptability to numerous specific problems arising from variations in soil conditions, service requirements, and storage products. Thus, although this disclosure by implication recites the available soil-stabilizing materials, the appended claims and their purview fairly should not be limited to the specific materials disclosed, but should include as well the practice of the present invention utilizing all soil-stabilizing materials anticipated by this disclosure.
The broad area of grouting has been covered in a symposium under the authority of the American Society of Civil Engineers, see Symposium on Grouting, Journal of the Soil'Mechanics and Foundations Division. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, April 1961, pp. 1148, incorporated herein by reference.
As disclosed by the above reference, cement products, such are Portland cement, slag-cement, resin gypsum cement and the like, are well suited as soil-stabilizing materials in coarse to medium sand. For the purposes of the present invention, cement products may be injected into such sand and form upon standing a stabilized region as discussed in suggested methods and embodiments hereinafter. Clays, bentonites, pozzolans or mixtures thereof, alone or in combination with cement products, are also suitable soil-stabilizers over a wide range of soil conditions.
Chemical grouting is even wider in its scope of application, and a suitable composition may be found to stabilize soil in virtually any condition to any degree of stability. Moreover, chemicals may be used in combination or with cements, clays, and other materials. A highly fluid chemical may .be employed to stabilize a difficulty permeated soil or a viscous chemical may be preferred to stabilize a coarse soil. By a proper choice of materials, chemical soil stabilizers may be utilized to effect a stabilized soil having a wide range of properties, such as strength, setting time, chemical inertness, permeability, or insulation.
The most common chemical grouts are combinations of sodium silicate with a soluble alkaline earth salt, a soluble metallic salt, an acid, or an alkali salt of an amphoteric metal. These and other grouts are commercially available under various tradenames. See also US. Patent No. 2,968,572, C. E. Peeler, Jr., assigned to Diamond Alkali Co., issued Jan. 17, 1961, for disclosure of a soil-stabilizing material comprising an aqueous alkali metal silicate, water and an amide. Other chemical grouts, suitable as soil-stabilizing materials for use in the present invention, such as chrome lignins or organic polymerizers, are well known to those skilled in the art.
In the construction of an underground chamber, according to the method of the present invention, the selection of a soil-stabilizing material from the wide variety available will depend largely upon the conditions of the soil of the designated area, the properties desired for the chamber and the economics of the method. A number of materials may be employed in combination by multiple injection in areas where stratification presents regions of diverse conditions. Drilling and soil sampling, of course, are suggested expediencies to determine most suitable materials,
The advantages over the prior art-and therefore the distinction therefromof the present invention are-clear.
Although soil stabilizers have long been available, the
procedures for constructing underground storage facilities practiced by those skilled in the art have been limited:
a recent chamber has been excavated inside walls that were frozen by a time-consuming and expensive process; others have been constructed by sealing the walls of existing chambers. Adverse soil conditions often have practically precluded construction by prior art methods. The present method knows no such limitations; in fact, its applicability is manifest where conditions are diverse or adverse. The present method makes possible the excavation of chambers in locations where heretobefore such endeavor was impossible, and makes more economical where heretofore possible.
Essentially, the present invention contemplates underground injection of a soil-stabilizing material to form a wall-defining region of solidified soil, preferably annular. After excavation of the earth core within the defined region, the solidified soil comprises the walls of an underground chamber. The walls may be made substantially impermeable if so desired and of a strength adequate to prevent collapse. Thus, by the method of the present invention the shortcomings of delayed construction, product leakage and potential collapse, inherent with prior methods, substantially are overcome; the present method ofiers a significant improvement over the prior art.
The principles and the advantages of the present invention will be more fully understood by consideration of preferred methods and embodiments shown in the attached drawings, wherein:
FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view of an injector in place in an underground well, by means of which a soilstabilizing material is dispersed into surrounding soil in a method suitable for the present invention.
FIGURE 2 is a top view of the excavation area showing a typical scheme of injection.
FIGURE 3 is a cross-sectional diagrammatic view, taken along 3-3 of FIGURE 2, showing the depth and effect of the injection-stabilization process.
FIGURE 4 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view, similar to FIGURE 3, showing an excavated and covered underground chamber, suitable for the storage of material not requiring refrigeration or extensive insulation.
FIGURE 5 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view-of an excavated and covered underground chamber, provided with supplemental insulation and refrigeration, suitable for low temperature storage of volatile hydrocarbons and the like.
FIGURE 6 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a region characterized by zones of diverse soil conditions, which illustrates techniques of the present invention particularly Well-suited for such conditions.
FIGURE 7 is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a chamber characterized by multiple injection and excavation where specific soil conditions so require.
With reference now particularly to FIGURE 1 by way of example there is shown a suggested method of injecting a soil-stabilizing material into a region to be stabilized. Injection well 10 is drilled to the depth desired. Injection tube 12 fitted with cap 14 is inserted into the well. The annular space between tube 12 and the wall of well 10, desirably is small so that vertical leakage of soil-stabilizing material is not excessive. Soil-stabilizing material is pumped downwardly from the surface by means not shown through injection tube 12, leaves tube 12 by outlets '16 spaced in the tube at the region where injection is to take place, and is dispersed and permeates adjacent soil 18 into a stabilization region 20, diagrammatically represented by the darkened area of FIGURE 1. Injection tube '12 is then withdrawn and the soil-stabilizing material is allowed to solidify in the injection region 20. Injection tube 12 may then be relocated in a different location in well 10 or in another well to impregnate other regions.
FIGURE 2 shows by way of illustration a typical distribution of injection wells 10 to provide a substantially continuous solidfied zone consisting of the stabilization region 20 about the wells. Consequently, this solidified zone comprises an approximate cylinder into the soil which after excavation becomes the substantially continuous, strengthened walls of the excavated chamber. A cross-sectional view of the solidified zone is shown by FIGURE 3.
With reference to FIGURE 4 by way of example there is diagrammatically shown a simple embodiment of the present invention, an excavated underground chamber suitable for the storage of a variety of liquids in large volume. The chamber comprises stabilized soil walls and floor 20 and a cover 22 to protect the contents thereof from the elements. The cylindrical walls of the chamber have been stabilized by an injection of soil-stabilizing material through now-abandoned injection Wells 10. The floor of the chamber may be stabilized after excavation to prevent product leakage or to increase chamber strength if desired. The stabilized soil walls and floor of the chamber of FIGURE 4 may provide adequate strength and insulation for the storage of liquids at low temperatures, at atmospheric temperatures or higher. Under low-temperature storage, freezing of the wall may occur to provide supplementary insulation and strength. Frozen walls are not required for the present method, however, and storage may be provided at temperatures above freezing; herein lies an important distinction and advantage over the frozen-wall method of the art described above.
Upon occasion, however, the simple and inexpensive underground chamber illustrated in FIGURE 4 may prove uneconomical for the storage of certain volatile materials liquifiable only at extremely low temperatures; product loss by boil-off may be substantial. Thus, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, supplemental insulation or refrigeration may be provided as shown by way of example in FIGURE 5. The storage chamber illustrated in FIGURE 5 comprises the basic elements of stabilized soil walls and floor 20 and cover 22. To provide insulation to supplement that provided by the stabilized soil, insulating material 24 is applied on the inner surfaces of the chamber. Insulation may be applied in any suitable manner, such as by spraying the surfaces with urethane foam or the like. 'In addition to providing an excellent insulation, a layer of urethane foam or the like on the inner surfaces of an underground chamber effectively seals the soil walls thereof to prevent leakage, drying out, or other deterioration. Such an effect is particularly desirable where soil conditions preclude practically the realization of impermeable solidified walls and where sealing may be effected more readily after excavation by spraying the surfaces.
Autorefrigeration is provided by evaporation and condensation of the liquid being stored. Evaporated vapors of the stored volatile liquid 26 pass from the chamber via conduit 28 to a refrigeration and compressor unit 30, wherein the vapors are condensed and cooled. The condensed liquid is returned to the chamber via conduit 32. By this method, a large quantity of volatile liquid may be stored at a low temperature at or below its normal boiling point, and the temperature may be readily maintained by the cooling effect of evaporation.
As hereinabove mentioned, the method of the present invention finds beneficial employment in numerous situations: where soil conditions are such that unsupported underground chamber is unfeasi'ble due to the weakness of the walls, expense, or delay of construction. In such situations, the stabilization of the soil before excavation is generally simple and avoids the above shortcomings inherent to prior art practices. The advantage of the present method is especially apparent where diverse soil conditions exist, one or more of which makes unsuitable other methods of underground chamber excavation. For example, where a layer of dry sand exists, the freezing method of the prior art described above may not be suitable, for during or after excavation the sand possibly would present a serious cave-in hazard. And where oer tain diverse soil conditions exist, freezing may even pro- 6 mote shifting of cracking, and collapse of the walls may become an imminent hazard.
FIGURE 6 illustrates a method of soil stabilization by injection in areas of diverse soil conditions, where the present method is preferred and well suited. Zones A, B, and C are areas of different soil conditions, such as sand, shale, limes-tone, quicksand, and the like. One or more zones may be such as to make the area impractical for underground storage utilizing the methods of the prior art. Utilizing the present method, however, different soilstabilizing materials particularly suited therefor may be injected separately into each zone, and the soil therein may be effectively stabilized. For example, Zone C may be substantially impermeable and a chemical grout of low viscosity may be particularly suitable therein as a stabilizer, while Zone B may be a coarse Wet material requiring a more viscous stabilizer and" Zone A may be a fine sand preferring still another material. Thus, by multiple injection of different stabilizers at various depths or locations, effective stabilization may be realized in each zone, a result heretofore unattainable :by the prior art method. It may be necessary to inject different stabilizers above and below the water table 34, another result readily achieved by the present method.
The method of the present invention is particularly advantageous in excavation to provide the novel underground chamber in an area where, because soil conditions may be adverse to excavation readily by methods known to the art, or otherwise, an application of the present method is particularly well-suited.
It is desired, as an example of the application of the present invention, to construct an underground storage chamber for the storage of about 17,500 barrels of a liquid mixture essentially of butane and propane, which mixture has a normal boiling point of about -25 F. A circular chamber measuring 50 feet across and 50 feet deep is sufficient for the above storage requirements.
The soil conditions at the desired location for excavation, exclusive of a few feet of topsoil as determined by random drilling and sampling, are as follows: a top zone of 17 feet of coarse sand, having an average grain size of about 0.9-1.3 millimeters, and a bottom zone of greater than 8 feet of a substantially impermeable shale. Clearly, a 50-foot by 50-foot pit could not be excavated at such a location without a hazard of collapse. Since the temperature of the liquid to be stored is above 50 F., and potential danger of plastic flow of frozen soil exists, mere freezing of walls should not sutfice, Consequently, it is highly desirable to stabilize an annular region about the excavation zone in order to provide stable walls for the excavated chamber.
Those skilled in the art of grouting will recognize that the choice of soil-stabilizing material depends upon several factors, among them the characteristics of the soil to be stabilized. Thus, customarily where diverse soil conditions exist in strata, it is preferable to vary the composition and consistency of the soil-stabilizing material to suit the characteristics of the individual strata. Accordingly, for the top zone of coarse sand, very fine grind Type III Portland cement is selected; the middle zone of fine-medium sand requires a more permeative material, and a silicate stabilizer is selected, consisting of 70 parts by volume of an aqueous sodium silicate (1Na O:3.22SiO 40.0-4l.5 B, av. solids 37.5%), 5 parts of formamide, 5 parts of a solution (62.5 grams per liter) of sodium aluminate, and 20 parts of water; soil stabilization is unnecessary for the impermeable bottom zone of shale.
A reasonably flat, workable area is selected at the location for the excavation of the chamber and a 50-foot diameter circle is staked out. Injection holes of a 1-inch diameter are drilled about the circle to the level of the shale zone. The spacing of the holes is about three feet, making a total number of 54 l-inch holes, varying in depth from 40 to 45 feet.
The injection pipes are 1-inch pipes comprising 2-foot connectingsections, the bottom section is provided with 92 7 holes, 23 rows of 4 holes each, about circumferences spaced one inch along the section. The pipe, as designed, injects a bulb of soil-stabilizing material approximating a sphere of about a 3-foot diameter. Each injection, depending upon the porosity of the soil, requires from about 30 gallons of injection fluid (for fine-medium sand zone, porosity=.284) to about 32 gallons (for coarse sand zone, porosity==.303). The silicate stabilizer injection material is made in batches, one batch of 65 gallons being sufficient for two injection bulbs. Type III Portland cement is prepared according to standard procedure in larger batches.
The batch preparation of silicate stabilizer is contemporaneous with its injection and proceeds as follows. The following materials are required per batch: 45.5 gallons of the silicate solution, 3.25 gallons of formamide, 3.25 gallons of the sodium aluminate solution, and 13.0 gallons of water. The sodium aluminate solution and water are mixedin a IOU-gallon tank. The formamide is added thereto and mixed thoroughly. The silicate solution is added to a separate 100-gallon mixing tank and agitated continuously, while the contents of the first tank are added to the second tank. Upon complete mixing, the solution is ready for injection.
The injection procedure is accomplished by two work groups, one injecting the silicate solution initially from injection well to well, while the other group follows, injecting the portland cement. Each group has injection equipment comprising a pump, lines, 2-foot sections of pipe and the 2-foot injection section. They proceed at each well as follows: The injection pipe is lowered by the first work group in the well to the impermeable shale, the bottom section being the injection section. A halfbatch of silicate stabilizer is pumped through the injection pipe into the fine-medium sand. A high initial pressure is required, but the material flows more easily thereafter. After each injection, a 2-foot section is removed and the injection pipe is raised two feet, whereupon a further injection is made. The procedure is repeated at 2-f0ot intervals through the fine-medium sand zone. Then the silicate stabilizer group removes its injection pipe to another well, and the portland cement group takes over at the well and follows a similar procedure.
The above process requires about 650 injections or 21,000 gallons of silicate stabilizer and about 460 injections or 15,000 gallons (2000 ft.) of Type III Portland cement. The material is allowed to set for one week and to consolidate the soil about the 50-foot excavation zone.
Thereafter, the sand and shale within the consolidated region is excavated to form a pit of the desired dimensions. The walls of the pit are then inspected and, where required, are further reinforced with cement, A circular cover is constructed and placed atop the pit to protect the stored product from the elements. A circulatory refrigeration unit is added to condense and recycle the stored product. The excavated chamber is now capable of storing the propane-butane liquid.
The scope of the present invention as illustrated by the above-suggested methods and embodiments should not be limited thereby. Thus, other than cylindrical chambers may be better suited in some applications and would, of course, be within the purview of the present invention. If deep penetration is desirably avoided, stabilization and excavation may readily be done in stages, as illustrated by FIGURE 7, each being excavated within the one above. The multistage method may find particular utility where soil conditions are very adverse. In such a method, soil stabilization and excavation for the first stage is effected to a safe depth. After excavation, the soil walls may be further stabilized or reinforced and the next stage then may be excavated within the prior stage. The number of stages required will, of course, depend upon the depth of excavation achievable with safety and the de- 3 sired capacity of the chambers. Multistage excavation is also particularly well-suited in areas of soil stratification. One stratum may be suitably stabilized and excavated, and thereafter other strata may be stabilized and excavated in successive stages, each within the one immediately above.
Essentially, however, the present invention comprises the construction of underground chambers by stabilization of the walls thereof by injection of a suitable soilstabilizing material prior to excavation, as Well as the chamber constructed according to the present method.
I claim:
1. A method for forming an underground chamber serviceable for the storage and insulation of liquids over a wide temperature range which comprises, forming a plurality of injection wells of desirable depth in the ground, said wells arranged to define the approximate perimeter of an underground chamber, inserting in each of said wells a hollow injection tube of a diameter such as to minimize the space between the outside wall of the tube and the well wall and to prevent vertical leakage of liquid soil-stabilizing material to be passed through said tube, said injection tube being closed at its lowest end within said wells and said tube having a plurality of holes in the lower portion of the walls thereof, injecting a liquid soil stabilizing material through said tube to premeate the soil adjacent said plurality of wells beginning at the deepest portion in each of said wells in an amount suiiicient to stabilize the soil, repeating said injection of soil stabilizing material at progressively higher portions of each of said wells until the adjacent soil surrounding the vertical length of each of said wells has been injected with said liquid, permitting the soil stabilizing liquid to set and consolidate said adjacent soil, and excavating unstabilized soil enclosed by said consolidated adjacent soil to form an excavated underground chamber.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said liquid soil stabilizing material is a member selected from the group consisting of chemical grouts, portland cement, slag cement, resin gpysum cement, clays, bentonite, pozzolans and mixtures thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said liquid soil stabilizing material comprises sodium silicate and a reagent selected from the group consisting of a soluble alkaline earth salt, a soluble metallic salt, an acid, and an alkali salt of an amphoteric metal.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said wells are formed in Stratified diverse soil conditions and a plurality of liquid soil stabilizing materials are separately injected depending upon the soil conditions at a given stratum.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein thefloor and walls of said excavated underground chamber are coated with a substantially impermeable and insulating layer of sealing material.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said insulating layer comprises polyurethane foam.
7. The method for forming a multistage underground chamber serviceable for the storage and insulation of liquids over a wide temperature range which comprises, forming a plurality of injecting wells of desirable depth in the ground for a first stage to be excavated, said wells arranged to define the approximate perimeter of the first stage of said underground chamber, inserting in each of said wells a hollow injection tube of a diameter such as to minimize the space between the outer wall of the tube and the well well and to prevent vertical leakage of liquid soil-stabilizing material to be passed through said tube, said injection tube being closed at its lowest end within said wells and said tube having a plurality of holes in the lower portion of the walls thereof, injecting a liquid soil stabilizing material through said tube to permeate the soil adjacent said plurality of wells beginning at the deepest portion in each of said wells in an amount sufficient to stabilize the soil, repeating said injection of soil stabilizing material at progressively higher portions of each of said wells until the adjacent soil surrounding the vertical length of each of said wells has been injected with said liquid, permitting the coil stabilizing liquid to set and consolidate said adjacent soil, excavating unstabilized soil enclosed by said consolidated adjacent soil to form the first stage of an excavated underground chamber and repeating the above procedure for at least one stage below said first stage excavation wherein the injection Wells for a given stage are formed beginning at the soil floor of the adjacent upper stage excavation.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said liquid soil stabilizing material is a member selected from the group consisting of chemical grouts, portland cement, slag cement, resin gypsum cement, clays, bentonite, pozzolans, and mixtures thereof.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein said liquid soil stabilizing material comprises sodium silicate and a reagent selected from the group consisting of a soluble alkaline earth salt, a soluble metallic salt, an acid, and an alkali salt of an amphoteric metal.
10. The method of claim 7 wherein said wells are formed in stratified diverse soil conditions and a plurality of liquid soil stabilizing materials are separately injected depending upon the soil condition at a given stratum.
10 11. The method of claim 7 wherein the floor and wall of said excavated underground chamber is coated with a substantially impermeable and insulating layer of sealing material.
12. The method of claimll wherein said insulating layer comprises polyurethane foam.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 768,774 8/ 1904 Schmidt 6136 2,159,954 5/1939 Powell 6130 X 2,914,923 12/1959 Harrison 61.5 2,961,840 11/1960 Goldtrap 61-.5 X 2,968,572 1/ 1961 Peeler.
3,159,006 12/1964 Sliepvich 61.5 X 3,175,370 3/1965 Schlumberger et al. 61.5 X
FOREIGN PATENTS 1,278,379 10/ 1961 France.
28,541 1907 Great Britain. 921,844 3/1963 Great Britain. 111,569 3/ 1962 Pakistan.
EARL I. WITMER, Primary Examiner.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 19, 1903
|Aug 30, 1904
|Karl Schmidt
|Construction of frozen walls for shafts in mines.
|Apr 13, 1937
|May 23, 1939
|Powell Ben F
|Method for prevention of seepage of water
|Oct 26, 1956
|Dec 1, 1959
|Minnesota Mining & Mfg
|Underground fluid storage containers
|Aug 12, 1957
|Nov 29, 1960
|Phillips Petroleum Co
|Storage of volatile liquids
|Jul 21, 1958
|Jan 17, 1961
|Diamond Alkali Co
|Chemical composition and process for soil stabilization
|Oct 4, 1963
|Dec 1, 1964
|Conch Int Methane Ltd
|Ground reservoir for the storage of liquefied gases
|Mar 24, 1964
|Mar 30, 1965
|Conch Int Methane Ltd
|Roofs for reservoirs
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 24, 1969
|Feb 8, 1972
|Kopp Adolph Jr
|Process for collecting and storing fresh water in earth
|Apr 7, 1980
|Apr 20, 1982
|Kirschke John A
|Apparatus and process for repairing underground gasoline tanks
|Jan 29, 1980
|Apr 27, 1982
|Willis Dudley L
|Techniques for the storage of water
|Jan 11, 1988
|Jan 23, 1990
|Chips Mark D
|Method and structure for in-situ removal of contamination from soils and water
|Jun 28, 1989
|Sep 25, 1990
|Halliburton Company
|Methods of modifying the structural integrity of subterranean earth situs
|Oct 1, 1992
|Mar 14, 1995
|Halliburton Company
|Apparatus and method for processing soil in a subterranean earth situs
|May 25, 1999
|Jun 5, 2001
|Aerial Industrial, Inc.
|Method for forming an interconnected underground structure
|May 15, 2002
|Jan 11, 2005
|Rar Group, Llc
|Underground alluvial water storage reservoir and method
|Feb 23, 2005
|Mar 20, 2007
|Ps Systems Inc.
|Direct recharge injection of underground water reservoirs
|Mar 14, 2008
|Jul 5, 2011
|PS Systems, Inc.
|Bank-sided porosity storage reservoirs
|Sep 26, 2007
|Dec 13, 2011
|PS Systems, Inc.
|Maintaining dynamic water storage in underground porosity reservoirs
|Feb 23, 2005
|Aug 25, 2005
|Ps Systems Inc.
|Direct recharge injection of underground water reservoirs
|U.S. Classification
|405/57, 405/267
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
With No Rings Till The End Of The Year Star Wars saga has new secrets Drew Goddart opened 3 mysteries about Martian MORE ›
Lyrics/song texts are property and copyright of their owners and provided for educational purposes only.
Mr. Blue Sky Lyrics
Mr. Blue Sky Song Lyrics
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Studio K
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Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley
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Allie Stamler
›Mr. Blue Sky
Jeff Lynne
›Love Take Me Down / To The Streets
Joey Curatolo, Charles Gansa and Amy Miles
›Love Gun
›Ladislas of Liesure
Peter Salett
David Wain
›I'm Not Gonna Teach Your Boyfriend How To Dance With You
Black Kids
›Detroit Rock City
›Danny Boy
A. D. Miles
Big City
›Call Me The Breeze
Lynyrd Skynyrd
›Broken And Bent
Peter Salett
Paul Rudd
›Best Believe We Got High
Pete Rock feat. LD, Redman
›Ass Butt Song
The Cool Kids


text:
|Director's Desk
As a historian I am committed to understanding how history is made, often through the give-and-take interactions of strong structural forces such as globalization or the digital revolution with individual human beings struggling to get a computer program to run or a printer jam cleared. But as director of the Charles Babbage Institute, I am reminded daily of how humans literally make history—donating valuable records, conducting oral histories to pin down critical turning points, traveling to an archive far away (or doing research right at hand), experiencing the thrill of an unanticipated nugget of historical insight in the umpteenth box of letters at the end of a long day. So here are some vignettes from CBI.
CBI archivist Arvid Nelsen was, as many of you know, away from CBI for three months this spring. The University Libraries granted him a research leave, and he invested time tracking down the amazing people behind pioneering efforts to bring computing skills and access to African American communities in California from the 1960s to today. He was privileged to talk with several founders of local computer-literacy efforts in East Palo Alto, Oakland, and the area surrounding much-fabled Silicon Valley. He is doing research for a book drawing on their experiences and, like the excellent professional archivist he is, also mindful of archiving the relevant records so that these experiences can be better understood and also might serve as inspiration for similar education efforts today and tomorrow.
In Arvid's absence, we had the excellent assistance of Rebecca Hranj. She had the time of her life unpacking a just-received archival collection from Mark Sylvester documenting Wavefront Technologies and Alias|Wavefront. Wavefront was founded in 1984 by Sylvester, along with Bill Kovacs and Larry Barels, to develop graphics technologies for television and movies. Among their early clients were Universal Studios, Electronic Arts, and NASA. Wavefront's techniques appear in numerous major films, such as the James Cameron–Arnold Schwarzenegger blockbuster True Lies (1994), among many others, and earned the company two Oscars. Rebecca assembled choice Wavefront artifacts for an exhibit outside the CBI office suite in Andersen Library.
This February Jeff Yost and I put the final touches necessary to send our book on the National Science Foundation's FastLane computer system into production at Johns Hopkins University Press. FastLane: Managing Science in the Internet World is our title. Among other thanks, we salute the 800+ people who granted us interviews that documented their varied perspectives on this notable e-government effort. Jeff is pounding away at the keyboard, hard at work on his computer services book for MIT Press. He's now on chapter four, making excellent progress and looking forward to delving into our ADAPSO records.
Katie Charlet keeps the 101 moving pieces of CBI well organized. In addition to assisting visiting Norberg Travel Grant recipients and other researchers, she is also handling the necessary visa paperwork so that we can welcome Janet Toland from New Zealand as a visiting researcher at CBI later this summer. The University of Minnesota shut down its central computer system for ten days in April, and Katie was our guru in navigating the multifarious challenges before and after the upgrade. Katie also lends her organizational, editing, and layout skills to bring together this newsletter.
Three Ph.D. students are currently in residence at CBI. Jonathan Clemens is writing the core chapters of his dissertation, which treats the history of video arcade games and is based on archival records from Atari and several principals including Al Alcorn. Nic Lewis continues work on the CBI–Los Alamos high-performance computing project, with several articles in the pipeline and a summer's worth of research in the mountains of New Mexico on the docket. For the CBI–Sloan Foundation project investigating women in the early computing industry (1965-85), Will Vogel is examining archival records from Control Data and Burroughs and assessing the advertising and editorial stances of Datamation and Computerworld.
As for me, I too am keeping myself out of trouble. In March I organized and submitted two scholarly sessions for the upcoming fall SHOT conference in Albuquerque. At SHOT and SIGCIS we are planning sessions showcasing research supported by the ACM's History Committee. Last week I sent an article off to Communications of the ACM. Yesterday I saw the reviews that will shape the final revisions for Bernadette Longo's biography of Edmund Berkeley, forthcoming this year from ACM Books. Today I secured college-level approval for a new course "Digital World" that will be first offered in Spring 2016. Tomorrow I have lunch with Bob Price and a chance to discuss a possible Control Data company history project. And of course there are sundry meetings that offer diversion.
If you are in the Twin Cities, please drop us a line. We'd love to show you around the CBI office suite and, as time permits, sneak downstairs to see what new treasures Arvid has added to CBI's archive. And have a look at our roster of archival collections. You, too, can call up some boxes of your choice and have a go at making history yourself.
Thomas J. Misa


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Written on: 08/05/2015 by MadelynnCoffey (1 review written)
Purchased a Gelert tent last spring, only used for 7 nights in total, poles splintered over aug bank holiday, this spring contacted both Gelert and CNF about replacement poles, Gelert were only interested in supply new poles at a cost, But CNF sent some free of charge. Many thanks… Read Full Review
Written on: 07/05/2015 by 128Munro (1 review written)
ORDERED WALKER CANOPY 19.03.15.£81.98- VISA DEBITED SAME DAY-FORECAST 3 DAYS DLY. NO GOODS- NO REFUND- NO RETURN OF LETTERS,E-MAILS,TELEPHONE CALLS. DO NOT GIVE THEM YOUR MONEY- REPORTED TO TRADING STANDARDS… Read Full Review
Written on: 13/05/2015
This item is shipped directly by Walker on our behalf. They confirmed that you have definately recieved your order. Your comment here is slanderous and will be taken up with our solicitors.
Written on: 15/06/2015
I think the owner is not aware of the difference between slander and libel...
Written on: 01/05/2015 by Gracelyn478 (1 review written)
I bought an away day awning from this company. They issued the wrong type after I spent hours trying to put up. Therefore I had to cancel outr Tripp. When I compliiand they asked for photos etc which I provided. A new awing was sent out and I was able to put up but it still had the patchy spots on all parts of the awning. Which was on the original one and CNF stated this wasn't good. However after emailing my complaint I had no answer and I have been ignored since and still waiting for my… Read Full Review
Written on: 05/05/2015
Dear Davis Egan
Please state the whole truth when making comments like you have just done.
You ordered an awning from us expecting immediate delivery even though we advised you that we were moving warehouses and it may take longer than usual. You refused to accept this and we went out of our way to find the stock that was in storage due to the move and ship it to you. You then contacted us about some patches and as stated we did request images. We then replaced the ENTIRE awning and not just the canvas. Furthermore we also offered you a refund on your delivery costs PLUS a goodwill gesture that you accepted and agreed that you would consider the matter closed. This review proves that you tell selective bits of information that make you look like a victim when in fact you have been more of a storyteller than a man of truth. If you are going to say something tell it like it is and dont leave half truths.
Written on: 16/06/2015
But you don't have a warehouse!! You run from a residential property and ship directly via suppliers
Written on: 27/04/2015 by JayMcCartney317 (1 review written)
My 5 daughter saved her money to buy a bike, which we ordered from CNF outdoors. When we unpacked the item the break cable was broken, the chain guard snapped and bid chips all over the paint work. Box not damaged.... Tried to contact by email twice called 5 times (if you are lucky enough to get on the holding system don't expect to get through even after holding for 45 mins.) I am so upset for my daughter who is in pieces about it and so angry no one will sort it out. DO NOT BUY FROM THIS… Read Full Review
Written on: 14/06/2015
As soon as you contacted us with regards to the broken Bike I called you on your mobile even though I was in a meeting at the time. We arranged for Gelert to collect the broken bike and as explained at the time stated that the collection would only take place 10 days or so later due to the warehouse being closed for annual stocktake which you agreed to. Once the bike was in our warehouse and checked as per protocol a replacement was sent out to you. You recieved this parcel as and when we advised we could get it to you. I am sorry that you initially recieved a damaged item but we did everything to resolve the issue at the time.
Written on: 20/04/2015 by Trancie (1 review written)
Ordered Camp Room room and carpet on a Thursday and we received Camp Room on the Monday, unfortunately the carpet didn't arrive but after a couple of emails the carpet arrived. The following Monday. Delighted with the customer service received from CNF. We are delighted with the quality of the Camp Room… Read Full Review
Written on: 20/04/2015
Ordered some jerry cans, took my money, delivered wrong ones and admitted it by email and promised to send correct ones. Received nothing, will not respond to emails and does not answer phone. Taking money and not supplying goods is a crime! Only wish I had read the many poor reviews before ordering. Unfortunately can't give less than one star!… Read Full Review
Written on: 22/04/2015
dear Sir, your replacement jerry cans were despatched to you a week after we acknowledged our picking error. I have checked with our courier and they have apparently "lost" your order which we only became aware of through this forum. I will have 2 further cans e-mailed to you with todays courier - if I can trace your order number, and apologise for the inconvenience caused.
Written on: 17/04/2015 by Costellorv201 (1 review written)
I ordered a Cadac Carri Chef with free cover!! Though I received the Cadac, the cover was missing! I have e-mailed and telephoned and left messages to absolutely no avail!! Thankfully my problem has not left me out of pocket but I would not deal with this company again as they obviously think it is acceptable to ignore paying customers who have issues with their purchase!!… Read Full Review
Written on: 17/04/2015
Dear Sir
As per our correspondence we advised you that we ran out of the covers at the time and had to order more in. All outstanding covers have been despatched using Royal Mail and will be with you and other customers in a few days - although Royal Mail now refuse to guarantee any delivery and can take up to 14 working days to deliver.
I apologise for the delay but we thought it better to send your BBQ than to send nothing and wait for your cover to arrive. I sincerely hope that you really enjoy your new purchase and the cover to keep it nice and protected for many years to come. May you have a pleasant Summer with your BBQ.
Written on: 17/04/2015 by Magdalenaz260 (1 review written)
Ordered a skottel braai which was in stock and would take 3/4 days for delivery. Two emails and three telephone calls later all of which promise a response. Absolutely nothing. Have complained to the credit card company who will now raise a dispute form. When you phone the company they still invite you to place orders online. My recommendation is avoid and save your money and the worry… Read Full Review
Written on: 31/03/2015 by Anthony246 (1 review written)
I would strongly recommend CNFOUTDOORS, I ordered a tent, footprint and carpet on Sunday the 29th March and received my order on Tuesday the 31st March as stated when ordering, excellent service and wouldn't hesitate to use them again, the products I ordered were first class as was the correspondents I recieved… Read Full Review
Written on: 25/03/2015
I ordered a tunnel tent a couple of weeks ago, order arrived on time, unfortunately there was an issue with the poles provided. I contacted CFN immediately and within 3 days they had contacted the tent manufacturer and had replacements sent direct to me. During the time CFN were constantly in contact with myself to ensure I had the latest information which I felt was excellent customer service… Read Full Review
Written on: 22/03/2015 by Eve100377 (1 review written)
Order an awning from CNF had a call next day saying this was not available and was offered an alternative. This arrived quickly and on time. Customer service was brilliant always kept in touch. Could not fault this company. Have ordered a Storm strap today so hoping for the same brilliant service… Read Full Review
Written on: 09/04/2015
THIS IS A FAKE REVIEW! This company has no intention of sending out your order. Be warned!!
Written on: 10/03/2015 by Austin426 (1 review written)
I have read the other reviews on here and am very confused! I ordered a sleeping bag on a Tuesday for my husband's birthday on the Sunday, not expecting to have it on time. I received an order confirmation email and replied asking whether they could give me an indication of timescale due to it being a birthday present. Within 10 minutes I had a phone call asking when the birthday was and was told they would try to get a second order placed with the supplier that day. Another 10 minutes later… Read Full Review
Written on: 20/02/2015
I see good customer service as being shown when something goes wrong, and not when it goes smoothly. There was a delay with me receiving my order, this was outwith CNF's control - there was a delay with their supplier dispatching my order, and then the courier lost my order. CNF answered my calls quickly and did work hard to rectify the problem. I spoke with the proprietor each time and found him genuinely helpful and friendly. The supplier dispatched a replacement and it arrived the next… Read Full Review
Written on: 16/02/2015 by Richiev6 (1 review written)
Ordered the above awning from CNFoutdoors. The awning was new out in February and we saw the full awning at the caravan and motorhome show. Initially spoke with an adviser who was very friendly and knew exactly which order we had placed online. The reason we called was to order some extras for the Eleganza awning and although these were not on the site to order he advised he would find out and get back to me. Very delighted that only 5 minutes later I had received a call back from him with… Read Full Review
Written on: 11/02/2015 by peekachu (1 review written)
I had great service, I rang 3 times in one day and each time recieved an answer, with an informed opinion, the gentleman was very helpful and nice to talk to, I didn't feel I was talking to a scripted conversation. I sent e.mails with queries On my order, each time I had a confirmed answer, and details of my product, material, colour, & warmth rating, I recieved exactly what I wanted, well packaged and on time, including messages telling me where my order was at, down to an hour slot delivery… Read Full Review
Written on: 17/02/2015
Very well written Mr Butler. Like you website.
Written on: 09/04/2015
THIS IS A FAKE REVIEW! This company has no intentions of even sending out your order.. You have been warned!
Written on: 10/04/2015
It is however a true review of my dealings with this company.
Written on: 30/01/2015 by Noreen.mcg (1 review written)
I had contacted this company via telephone about garden furniture cushions which they were selling at a very reasonable price. They advised me that these cushions were awaiting production and would be available in 2-3 weeks. I contacted him again after a couple of weeks and he contacted the manufacturer and got back to me confirming timescales. While the cushions were not immediately available I was advised of this and received excellent customer service in my contact with him. When the… Read Full Review
Written on: 17/02/2015
MR Butler again. Or is it Auntie Noreen?
Written on: 30/01/2015 by Edgar82 (1 review written)
I ordered a tent which was dispatched in good time. Problems occured when I found that the tent was faulty ( it leaked in moderately wet weather which should not happen with a tent as waterproof as this one). Was asked for photos which I sent straight away ... and then nothing. Asked for the RMA number (in order to return the tent and get a refund) but despite trying several times was not given one. Got my money back from the bank in the end - thankfully a credit card purchase. I would not… Read Full Review
Written on: 16/02/2015
totally agree.
Written on: 08/03/2015
On our own purchase we paid via debit card but were able to reclaim the funds via a chargeback claim.
Don't let them get away with taking consumers money, should be on watchdog.
Written on: 02/01/2015 by Zimmerman1 (1 review written)
We ordered a tent porch from this 'company' (one man band) and during the interim found it much cheaper, however item had already been dispatched. Cannot fault that process to be fair...was timely despatched and delivered. Problems arose when we wanted to return it for a refund under distance selling regulations because as stated we bought another much cheaper. The 'company' is running an equally rogue website called 'Camp and Fish' stated we needed to request an RMA (Returned Materials… Read Full Review
Written on: 14/01/2015
Just had our refund processed by the bank today..do not let them get away with taking your money.
Written on: 29/12/2014 by Helen237 (1 review written)
Terrible company, you place your order they take your money, they say it's on the way, then some time later it's 'out of stock' and you will get a refund - trouble is you never see that refund. We emailed, rang the mobile, rang the landline - never an answer and no one calls back. In the end my bank got me my refund. I reported them to police and trading standards. DO NOT give this scamming outfit your money… Read Full Review
Written on: 16/02/2015
Agree. Shocking - they just take your money. Thats all they do.
Written on: 02/12/2014 by Angelina307 (1 review written)
Ordered Columbia gilet in October, heard nothing, emailed, phoned - picked up voicemail about absence because of a death in the family, 3 weeks after order received email saying order dispatched, arrived 14 days later. The size turned out to be too big so we called about returning it (having just discovered their returns policy had been changed days before our order was placed). They told us their relationship with Columbia had been terminated and that we could not return the gilet. So… Read Full Review
Written on: 14/01/2015
Ignore any companies so called returns policy, the only one that matters is the one by UK law, the new Consumer Contracts Regulations giving you the rights to cancel the order the moment you place it and up to 14 days after placing it. You then have a further 14 days of which to return the goods.
I would call trading standards, we persued further with the bank for a refund after returning our item, it would not hurt to see if anything can be done, and even if not it is another consumer complaint against them.
Written on: 15/01/2015
Good advice Figurehead71, thank you!
As rated by our community of reviewers
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Carrier Motor Lodge
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
TripAdvisor Reviews Carrier Motor Lodge Newington
Travel Blogs from Newington
A Day of Candles, Flowers and Potholes
... while, we decided to eat at the Farm Table Restaurant there. The food was very good. Karl and I shared a bowl of corn chowder and a Cuban sandwich.
While we were visiting Kringle Candle, Judy was talking to one of the employees and she mentioned that we might want to take a short ride up to Shelburne Falls to see the Bridge of Flowers. It was still pretty early in the day and Judy said it was worth the trip to see it, so that was our next destination. ...
Rockwell, The Berkshires, and Family
... illustrations. I can remember seeing them in The Saturday Evening Post and Life Magazine when I was just a kid. I even have a Rockwell print hanging in my house. So we decided to go to the museum.
We arrived at the museum just before it opened at 10:00 AM. We decided to do the "award-winning" audio tour, which told the stories of the art. Most of the narration was done by Rockwell's ...
Ireland is only 3,000 miles away!
... reality.
Plans for Ireland were underway. When should we go? What places will we visit? How long in each spot? How will we get around? The timeframe was the easiest decision to make - the summer has the most comfortable weather and fits with our work schedules conveniently. The nitty gritty of where to go and how to get around proved to be the toughest choice. We discussed with friends, read blogs and online articles, compared options, and ...
Our last stop over on our 10 day road trip
... but we lost some weight when we loaded our 11' truck camper that weighs about 3,000 pounds.
All in all, we had a pleasant trip. Molly did well, considering that she has some anxiety issues due to her dementia. We expected to have problems with her, but she slept most of the way. Our new used truck camper worked out well, considering we still had some issues that needed to be taking care of. I was worried about the tie-down O-ring that I ...
Elinor Weds: Survival of the Fittest (sorry Nanny)
... this side of the nuthouse. Our Dad, Peter Watts, will be making an appearance from across the pond with his life partner Wynne. Quoting one of the most influential men in American history, the great BA Baracus, "I pity the foo' who calls her his 'girlfriend'" (Dad booking accommodation on the other side of the mountain was not by accident). Moving on, my mother, Anne Davies, will be present with her most recent boy toy, Jerry McCreedy (AKA Harry Carry, ...
Other places to stay in Newington
Maple Motel2151 Berlin Turnpike, Newington | Motelfrom $35
Friendly Acres Motel2650 Berlin Turnpike, Newington | Motelfrom $171


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String Poets - BOND STREET PIER, FELL'S POINT The Admiral Fell Inn Strings String Poets - Maryland State Senate String Poets - Maryland State Senate euterpe wedding, Alexandria VA
String quartets in Rollingbay, WA
Book the String Poets in Rollingbay, WA
The String Poets is a "network" of musicians that serves Rollingbay, WA. We provide wedding ceremony music in Rollingbay, WA as well as other areas. The String Quartet is made of 2 violins 1 viola and one cello. We can also perform as a String Trio or even a String Duo.
We offer classical music, Jazz and pop in Rollingbay, WA. The String Quartet is made of top class musicians and have a world of experince perfroming many genres.
To hire a group in Rollingbay, WA,
Email us at:
Call us or Text: 202-465-2310
Hi haiasdfahsdfhaskdfhaskdfasdf Rollingbay, WA
|Thank you all very much for a wonderful performance at our wedding! Your professionalism, timing and etiquette were above reproach. I am just sorry that I wasn't able to enjoy every minute:) As the bride, I was a little busy getting ready and posing for an endless string of photographs. My new husband and I were very, very pleased. Please let all of the musicians know that they were an integral and enjoyable part of our wedding. All the best, Jenn and Bernie
|"Great to work with, fantastic professional musicians. We could not have asked for a better quartet at our wedding."
|I just wanted to send a quick email to thank you for the wonderful job you did at my daughter Sarah's wedding at the Baltimore Basilica Saturday. It sounded so wonderful and made the wedding even more special. So many of our guests commented on the beautiful music. I was glad our wedding planner Elle knew about you! Thanks again!
|We would like to say thank you for being part of our day. It was amazing.
|I could not have been more pleased with the String Poets Quartet! They sounded beautiful, were professional, and they were extremely grateful to have been a part of the ceremony. I had quite a few special request and they performed them above and beyond what I could have ever expected!
|Thank you so much for serving our wedding. The music was beautiful and I want to let you know that we've received many compliments! I'll definitely look out for you if we help out in any future events in the area. You guys were wonderful to work with. THANK YOU!
|I just wanted to take the time to say thank you. You and your group did an amazing job at our wedding reception. The music was absolutely beautiful and I could not have asked for anything better. Your professionalism was amazing and we got so many compliments on you guys. My only regret is that I did not get the chance to thank you personally after the ceremony. You definitely made our ceremony more special and gave it that romantic touch we were looking for. Again, thank you so much. And we will definitely recommend your services in the future to those who are looking for a string quartet.
|The String Poets Trio that performed at our wedding reception was exceptional. They were extremely professional, incredibly talented and not only met but exceeded our expectations. They were fabulous and I would recommend them to anyone. They provided a beautiful musical backdrop to our wedding reception. Bravo!!!
|I would like to take this time and thank the String Poets Quartet for their professional and timely service. The songs was just what we wanted, and was played on cue. Thank you.
|"My daughter's wedding was planned in only three months. The String Poets (and their lead, Radhi Santos) were a dream to work with on repertory. The musical quality of the quartet is outstanding. Friends who regularly attend world-class concerts praised their talent and overall performance. You will be delighted to have them play for you at any occasion. "
|I would like you to know how much I appreciated you guys braving the wind and the cold to make my ceremony perfect. My guests loved the music and said you guys were awesome. Thank you so much for being prompt, responsive, and excellent musicians!
|Wanted to take a quick moment to thank all of you for the amazing performance last night. I just wish I could have been there longer, but our guests were blown away by the strings. Everything was perfect and really added to a great wedding day. Thanks again. Derek A.
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Fans may remember Greenyard Records, from out of France, from one of their previous releases, the sublime My Son Riddim and/or the blaring Jah Light Riddim and now they very well may have outdone themselves with their brand new composition, the Design Riddim. This heavy piece may prove to be one of the stronger riddims from the first half of 2010 and as usual on Greenyard projects, it features vocal talents more than capable of dealing with it.
Appearing here, most notably, is star Anthony B, whose 'Protect Me' is near the head of the class of the riddim and is sure to a major damage. Featuring alonside him are big names such as veteran Burro Banton (with Tony Curtis), Konshens and Mark Wonder who has worked with the label previously. Also on board is the outstanding young songstress, Sara Lugo who is quickly becoming a very important name to know in Reggae.
Greenyard Records brings forth the Design Riddim to etailers and on 7" single in early June and it is definitely worth checking out.
Mr Money Man Riddim
By Angus Taylor
New Albums from Etana and Protoje
By Erik Magni
Paint Jamaica
By Erik Magni
Lovers Rock and Soul by Mr Vegas
By Erik Magni
Well Done video by Kabaka Pyramid
By Erik Magni
Catch The Boat by Shezekiel
By Erik Magni
Green Island
By Erik Magni
Run for Cover video by Diana Rutherford
By Erik Magni
Rosa Shanti and ORieL on Nu-Roots Records
By Erik Magni
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