text:
Seacam's SEAFLASH 250 digital strobe
Straight from the Antibes Festival: there is a new Seacam-designed strobe called the SEAFLASH 250 digital, which will support Nikon i-TTL and Canon e-TTL with 250 watt-seconds of power. It has selectable bulbs for two different color temperatures, and has manual power settings in additional to the two flavors of TTL. No replaceable battery pack, but Seacam assures us that the internal battery will be good for years. Continue reading for full specifications.
UwP Magazine #27 available for download
Our friends over at UwP Magazine have released issue #27 (Nov/Dec), which includes full reviews of Nikon D2x housings by Charles Hood and Ken Knezick, workflow techniques by Paul Kay, James Wiseman, Alex Mustard, David Nardini and Mark Webster, a macro article by Cor Bosman, a review of the magic filter by Mike Veitch, and more!
Nikon Announces the D200
Nikon formally announced the D200 today - November 1st. The camera sports a number of features that will make it wonderful for underwater use, including: 11 autofocus sensors, a 10-pin control port, 10 megapixel DX sensor, 2.5" LCD, ISO 100, compact form factor, etc. Underwater photographers will be happy to read that this camera is only slightly larger than the D70 so it should readily fit into a compact underwater housing. Many websites have posted preview reports about the camera today, but to find out specifically what underwater photographers think about the new camera, check out the active thread in our DSLR Forum. Minimum advertised price for the camera is $1,699
What's wrong with harassment?
Underwater photographers have a nasty reputation in many dive destinations for being irresponsible when it comes to the handling of marine life. Although, whether we collectively cause more damage than the hordes of new divers crash-landing on coral reefs is debatable. Will Heaton has started a very interesting thread about interacting with marine life, and it should be a good show (join in!).
Wetpixel.com/DivePhotoGuide.com International Photo Competition
Wetpixel.com and DivePhotoGuide.com have teamed up to celebrate the beauty and delicacy of the marine environment by developing the first instance of a new, annual, international underwater photography competition. For this inaugural event, only digital entries will be accepted.
Photographers will compete in six categories to win more than $25,000 in prizes, including premium dive travel, underwater photography equipment, and more! Dive packages in the prize list include trips to some of the top photo destinations in the world: the Solomon Islands, Lembeh Strait, Raja Ampat, Komodo, the Galapagos Islands, Papua New Guinea, Palau, and the Bahamas! Other prizes include HID lighting systems, camera housings, and other valuable items (see complete prize list below). 15% of entry proceeds will be donated to marine conservation efforts.
Winners will be announced on stage at the 2006 Our World-Underwater festival in Chicago, Illinois (February 24-26, 2006). Continue reading for details and submission guidelines.
Wetpixel receives Scuba Diving Magazine's Editor's Choice
In the November issue, Scuba Diving Magazine presents their first ever Editor's Choice Awards, honoring the best in the dive industry. We are proud to announce that Wetpixel.com received the "Best Dive-Related Website" Editor's Choice Award! Scuba Diving Magazine presented Wetpixel with an award on stage at this year's DEMA Show, which was accepted by Christa Loustalot on behalf of Wetpixel.
I'd like to thank our community for making our site such a success!
How did you find Wetpixel?
I'd like to get some input on how some of you are ending up here at Wetpixel. There's a discussion going on in the forums, and if you have some time, pop on over there and let us know!
Pixmantec Rawshooter Premium 2006
Pixmantec has just announced the availability of Rawshooter Premium 2006 (Windows-only). The preview version of Rawshooter (2005) showed a lot of promise, with blazing RAW-conversion times and a focus on workflow and usability. Rawshooter 2006 is on sale for $59.00 until October 31, 2005, after which the price will increase by $40.00. Download the trial and compare it with your current RAW conversion software.
Recent News
- 500 px unveils new profile, photo, and discover pages (via )
- Canon updates firmware for Rebel T5 (1200D) to V.1.0.1 (via )
- Facebook introduces 360-degree interactive video (via )
- Review of dynamic range and 4k video of iPhone 6s (via )
- More people die from selfies than shark attacks (via )
- Waterproof PowerGrip H20 for GoPros (via )
- Canon updates 1D C firmware to version 1.4 (via )
- Panasonic releases paid-for firmware update version 2.4 for GH4 (via )
- Canon updates 1D X firmware to 2.0.8 (via )
- Nikon updates D7100 C firmware to version 1.03 (via )


text:
Great American Inn and Suites
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
TripAdvisor Reviews GG House - Happy Valley Bogor
Travel Blogs from Devils Lake
Grand Forks bound
... The deeper into Minnesota we get, the trees give way to farm land and wide open spaces! The crops are turning golden and harvest won't be too far away. We went through an area that had a new crop for us, sugar beets, they are used to make sugar, the lush fields of green beet tops would make a lot of beetniks! Grand Forks, ND for the night, a little shopping in the morning then we head for ...
Albino Bison and some Minnesota
... roll please.....
The next day, we took off for Minnesota and found a nice city park in Barnesville, about 30 miles southeast of Fargo, North Dakota where we spent the afternoon and night. Really a nice quiet spot....like parking in a park with all the grass.
Then, off ...
North Dakota is not the EoW
... different rocks pushed up millions of years ago. It also contains extensive prairie
grasslands as they existed before farming and heavy cattle grazing. The Park includes about 300 head of buffalo
which we were able to see in several locations. After the tour of the Park we headed across
ND on a back country road to reach the Knife River Indian National Historic
Site. The monument is at the ...
Sep 26
... the bartender who was also a teacher. He told us about all the flooding that this area gets and what is being done to stop the water from future floods. This area's water flows north into the Red River which flows and often floods Winnipeg and its surrounding towns and farms. He told us that the Devil Lake area has risen 14 feet in the last few years and has not subsided at all. That is quite evident as we drove through this area as there are whole forests that are ...
Goodbye to Fox Lake
... a route suggested by the local tourist center. The local history museum was unfortunately closed but right next to it was a War Memorial. I continue to be amazed to see how well-kept these War Memorials in small towns across the U.S. are. It's sobering to see how many young men went to far-away places to fight for (mostly) other peoples' freedom (WW1, WW2, Korea, Vietnam, Iraq) and perished there.
Other places to stay in Devils Lake
Holiday Inn Hangzhou City CenterNo.289 Jianguo North Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou | 4 star hotelfrom $122
Fireside Inn & Suites215 Highway 2 East, Devils Lake | 1 star hotelfrom $76

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Rehtaeh Parsons' father says he received online death threat
Halifax police are investigating an alleged death threat involving Glen Canning, father of Rehtaeh Parsons.
|Report an Error
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Rehtaeh Parsons' father said he's used to receiving harassing messages, but an apparent death threat on his YouTube channel "crossed the line."
"It's just filthy, it's disgusting," Glen Canning said of the post from user "iamkarma902," who has posted numerous similar, but non-threatening, comments before.
In the months since his daughter was taken off life-support following a suicide attempt, not everyone has come out in support of Canning, who says his daughter was sexually assaulted by four boys in 2011, a photo of the alleged incident later passed around her school in Cole Harbour, N.S.
Two 18-year-old men were arrested in connection with the case earlier this month; both face child pornography charges.
In the post to Canning's YouTube account dated three weeks ago, the anonymous user writes: " . . . keep talking shhit cuz i no urn face your car where u live and what you do so keep getting lippy bud n u might be going to visit urn daughter (sic)."
It ends with a winky face and "have a good day glen canning (sic)."
Halifax police are treating the threat as "credible," said Const. Tracy MacDonald, a public information officer with the Halifax Regional Police, but it isn't clear how long the investigation — ongoing since Aug. 1 — will take.
Whether the user might face charges could depend on if they intended for their words to be taken seriously, said Daniel Brown, a criminal defence lawyer in Toronto.
"(The Criminal Code) doesn't require someone to be in a position to carry out the threat," Brown said. "If they're saying to (Canning) I'm going to cause you harm then it can be said to constitute a crime."
Canning said what repercussions "iamkarma902" faces, will be a good test of new bullying laws enacted this month by the province, allowing victims of cyberbullying or their parents to sue the perpetrators, and seek a protection order.
"I'm really hoping that given all the new publicity about the new laws . . . they can actually go out and prove that they're serious," he said.
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NPR Newscast
4min 45sec
August 31, 2014 In her new novel, Island of a Thousand Mirrors, Sri Lankan-American author Nayomi Munaweera shows the decades-long Sri Lankan civil war from the perspective of two girls who witness the horror.
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August 31, 2014 The retired U.S. military policeman is in pursuit of a sniper in the latest installment of the suspense series. Child says its both fun and challenging to make these novels "the same but different."
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August 31, 2014 A new box set collects Matt Hawkins' comic Think Tank, which follows a sexy, scruffy scientific genius attempting to break away from his job developing lethal weapons for the military.
August 31, 2014 The plotting in Mitchell's new novel isn't quite as complex as in previous works, but it takes an abrupt turn into dystopian fantasy towards the end. "It's what the book wanted to be," he tells NPR.
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Singer Ian Curtis on stage in 1980 with Joy Division, whose song "Transmission" is among those explored in Greil Marcus' book The History of Rock 'N' Roll in Ten Songs.
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August 30, 2014 What makes an essential rock song? Music journalist Greil Marcus argues that it's not the stature of the performer, but the degree to which a song tells the story of rock 'n' roll itself.
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Francisco Antolin, the driver and co-founder of Tell A Story, speaks to a couple of Danish tourists who purchased some books from his mobile bookstore. The converted van travels around Lisbon and sells translations of Portuguese literature.
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August 30, 2014 A mobile bookstore, loaded with translations of Portuguese classics, drives around selling books to tourists and locals alike. The van, called Tell a Story, plans to start traveling throughout Europe.
August 30, 2014 In her new collection Worn Stories, Emily Spivack compiles odes to beloved pieces of clothing, written by celebrities and fashionistas.
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An informal monument to Julio Cortázar on the streets of Buenos Aires.
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August 30, 2014 The great Argentinian writer Julio Cortázar was born 100 years ago this week; while Cortázar is known for the surreal masterpiece Hopscotch, critic Juan Vidal says it's his poetry that resonates.
Rapper Prodigy, shown above performing in New York City, published his debut novel, H.N.I.C., in 2013.
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August 30, 2014 Prodigy, one half of the hip-hop duo Mobb Deep, is the curator of Infamous Books, an imprint of Brooklyn-based independent publisher Akashic Books. His debut novel H.N.I.C. was published in 2013.
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August 29, 2014 An earthquake in Napa Valley this week brought back old fears for author Gustavo Arellano. In his anxiety he's revisiting the book A Crack in the Edge of the World.
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August 29, 2014 Novelist and Miami Herald columnist Carl Hiaasen writes with passion about the state he loves. His book, Bad Monkey, is an offbeat murder mystery set in Key West. Originally broadcast June 13, 2013.
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August 29, 2014 The 68-year-old film director hitchhiked from Baltimore to San Francisco for his book Carsick. He says hitchhiking is "the worst beauty regimen ever." Originally broadcast June 10.
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August 29, 2014 Also: the case for a more inclusive literary culture; health care and the modern writer.
Wisconsin Republican Rep. Paul Ryan speaks during a news conference at the Union League Club of Chicago on Aug. 21.
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August 29, 2014 Congressman and former Republican vice presidential nominee Paul Ryan discusses his new book, The Way Forward: Renewing the American Idea.
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August 28, 2014 When you're making plans to become a famous author, just remember that you're going to want health care — especially when 40 rolls around and your body is no longer made of rubber.
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Just a guy who likes a good game of chess and plays a mediocre game of chess
As I write this, GM Peter Svidler and GM Sergey Karjakin are perparing to do battle on the finals of the 2015 chess World Cup. In my opinion, winning the World Cup is one of the most impressive achievements in chess in any given year. There are s... | Read More
Magnus just voiced his support for a knockout World Championship format via Facebook (post). It's an incredible position for the World Champion to take, and whatever one thinks of the notion, one must admire the integrity of the World Champion in ... | Read More
Congratulations to each of the South Carolina representatives at this year's Denker, National Girls' Invitational, and Barber (crosstables linked)! They each performed admirably, and crafted many interesting, fighting games, inspiring young player... | Read More
The first three rounds of the Denker and National Girl's Invitational have been generally promising for South Carolina players. Rounds 2 and 3 of the Denker each featured moderate upsets from SC players. Neha Dias scored a draw in round 3 against ... | Read More
For non-US players, the Denker, National Girls Invitational, and Barber are tournaments to which the top K-12, K-8, and top female players, respectively, from each state are invited. Usually, they win their spot at their respective state scholasti... | Read More
Cheating in chess is widely deemed to be the greatest threat to the future of chess. Many amateurs and even many professionals regularly state that cheating is rampant. Accusations pervade every level of chess from the lowest levels of online ches... | Read More
Like many, I'm a huge fan of cinema. Last year, I completed a personal challenge to watch all of the Best Picture winners from 1927-today The best? I unoriginally stand by "The Godfather". The worst? Unquestionably 1933's "Cavalcade" - there is ... | Read More
I'm a big fan of Mihail Marin's book "Learn from the Legends." Marin takes some of the greatest chess players and showcases them in their element. Chapters are dedicated to Rubinstein's famous rook endgame wins, Karpov's opposite colored bishop en... | Read More
I am constantly asked by students why stalemate is a draw and not a win. My answer (rightly or wrongly) is that chess is a better game because stalemate is a draw. Narrowly superior positions such as pawn up endings and even equal pawn endings oft... | Read More
Last week I shared 7 king hunts in which the opposing king was driven all the way to his opponent's home rank. This week I have another 7 I've come across. These games are somewhat more recent than the first 7 so there may be a touch more sophisti... | Read More
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The Last Time Svidler won the World Cup
by SamCopeland 10 days ago
Magnus Voices Support for a Knockout World Championship Format
by SamCopeland 8 weeks ago
SC Players at the Denker, National Girls Invitational, and Barber - Rounds 4, 5, and 6
by SamCopeland 2 months ago
SC Players at the Denker, National Girls Invitational, and Barber - Rounds 2 and 3
SC Players at the Denker, National Girls Invitational, and Barber - Round 1
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Ron Luce on Friends Without Benefits
The founder of Teen Mania talks about the dangers of casual sex in our youth culture.
The founder of Teen Mania talks about the dangers of casual sex in our youth culture.
International evangelist and founder of Teen Mania Ministries shares an update on the organization's latest outreach to youth.
Teen Mania President Ron Luce ministers to CBN/Regent staff in the Tuesday meeting of CBN's Week of Prayer.
Go behind the scenes with the Teen Mania founder on his new book, Friends without Benefits.
The graffiti on a building in Belgium says it all: "Welcome to 'Belgistan." In fact, some are now calling...
He has been the ultimate underdog for 30 years. Now Sylvester Stallone discusses how playing "Rocky" has inspired him spiritually.
For the first time in 2,500 years, Russia, Syria, and Iran appear to be forming an alliance. CBN News...
'Islamization' of Paris a Warning to the West


text:
Courtyard By Marriott Denver Tech Center
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How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Suites
- Shuttle bus service
- Swimming pool
- Restaurant
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Wheelchair accessibility
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- More recommendations
TripAdvisor Reviews Courtyard By Marriott Denver Tech Center Greenwood Village
Travel Blogs from Greenwood Village
Fun in Denver with Grandchildren
... Gavin was navigating and watching the radar on his phone....lots of red and purple! And then the tornado alarm sounded and it began to pour! Harper was still insisting that they would have a game and this Grandma is a WIMP! We turned around and headed back home, much to her disappointment. And then the text came that game was cancelled....thank goodness! Personally, I think this league ...
Out on the town in Denver.
... I'm a bit disappointed. Some loud mouth girl swearing over a microphone doesn't really do it for me. Place itself was ok, not many people there and it's 10:30pm, so I guess that's says enough. We had 1 drink and left. Found another little bar a couple of blocks away, El Chapultepec, played good bluesy jazz. Left there and started walking down the street when along comes a bike bar. Bike bars are a bar where up to ...
The Cheesecake Factory for lunch......
And we couldn't even fit in the cheesecake! Needed to check out today and transfer to the hotel for our tour but we managed to fit in breakfast, a swim and another walk in the mile long pedestrian mall 16th street. We spotted the Cheesecake Factory and ordered what we thought was a very restrained lunch...Lunch size chicken BBQ ...
The Fifth Day (Denver)
... it looks kind of like the tubes you float in when your in a pool except it is covered at the bottom) and give it to a guy that hooks it into this thing that pulls you up a the hill, kind of like a ski lift. When you get to the top you have to quickly unload and choose which hill you want to slide down. It slides down really fast and it was so fun, you could go down by yourself or there were double tubes where two people could go ...
Well, it has been two weeks since our last entry, so we felt that it was time to write another entry, even if most of our recent travel has been domestic in nature. Despite the travel closer to home, we have been as busy as ever!
After a year and a half of trying to sell our house, we got an offer on it while we were in Cambodia. That made things more exciting, as we had to coordinate the move, and the purchase of a new place ...


text:
Hotel degli Oleandri
No prices found through our partners. Please contact the business directly or check some of our recommended alternatives.
How has this hotel rated in the past?
- Continental Breakfast
- Airport Transportation
- Breakfast Available
- Free High-Speed Internet
- Wireless internet connection in room (free)
- High-speed internet in room
Travelers also recommend:
TripAdvisor Reviews Hotel degli Oleandri Sirmione
Travel Blogs from Sirmione
Last full day!
... 3.40 train to Milan. This is our last train of interrailing:( Can't say it's our favourite though, in fact it's probably the worst. The air conditioning consists of windows and the leather seats are not the nicest to sit on in the sweltering heat. Lucy thinks she is going to die, or she did until she fell asleep anyway. Emma's blond hair attracted some more strange Italian youths who wished her a 'goodbye princess' several times which woke her ...
A day of relaxing
... traditional method, it took much much longer. To make the wait seem shorter a man and his son performed in a little band. The boy was playing the violin impressively well for his age according to Emma. After 2 hours Katie was so hungry she was eating dried bits of uncooked pasta off the table. And the relief when Emma scooped a huge pile of pasta onto her plate was evident. The pasta was really yummy and free (!), still not sure it was worth the 2 hour wait ...
Away from the cities again
... 5 spare plates so she could return for more food. We made the most of the 'free' buffet. The bar has beautiful views of the mountains and tonight the sunset. We played cards until it was too dark to see anymore. Really nice evening. And to make it even nicer our room is air conditioned which forgives that fact that it is filled with 6 Spanish boys and us shoved in the corner. (I will add some more pictures tomorrow, they are being very slow to ...
Back To Torino
... is not functioning. What a world? What a world? I'M MELTING !!!!!!!!!!! Name the movie. Even Trenitalia(the transportation) realized how uncomfortable it was and offered a rebate. Annalia met me at the train station. We went to her sister's for an aperativo. Wine and appetizers. Later the Magic Turin tour : Turin after Dark. It was an experience, all in Italian. A history of parts of Turin that included ...
Observations Sometimes one has to be the master of their own fate. As in Greece when I chose to visit the acropolis da sola-alone- so this morning I decided I will travel to Verona. Annalia has taken on a translation job and the weather will be extremely hot no matter where I am. Three hours on an air conditioned train will not be hard to take. I bought a first class ticket for the Frecciabianca, I have a hotel reservation ...


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|Format: Paperback
Number of Pages: 160
Vendor: WestBow Press
Publication Date: 2011
|Dimensions: 9.02 X 5.98 X 0.37 (inches)
Availability: Usually ships in 24-48 hours.
Meditate upon these things; give thyself wholly to them, that thy profiting may appear to all. Take heed unto thyself and unto the doctrine; continue in them; for in doing this thou shalt both save thyself and them that hear thee.
1 Timothy 4:15-16
The messengers We sent before you (O Muhammad), were not other than men to whom We gave revelation. Ask the people of the Rememberence if you do not know. (We sent them) with clear signs and writings; and We have revealed to you (O Muhammad) the Rememberance (the Qur'an) that you may explain to mankind what was sent to them, that they may give thought.
Nahl 16:43-44


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Fog & Driving Light Combinations
Select from our extensive list of Plymouth Fog Lamps below. We offer an industry leading 30-day Guarantee so that you can Shop with confidence! Select from the products or categories below to narrow the selection in Fog Lamps for your Plymouth.
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OPTILUX FOG LIGHT SETS. Styled for today's vehicles, these fog lights are great in both bad weather and under normal driving conditions... Read more
Fog Light. Look into this Fog Light from Hella as your replacement part of choice when fixing your current lighting system. It is made... Read more
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Publisher's Description+
Pacifist 2.0 is a free upgrade for registered users of Pacifist 1.x.
*This product includes software developed by the University of California, Berkeley and its contributors.
What's new in this version:
- Full support for Mac OS X 10.4 "Tiger"
- Recompiled as a Universal Binary to run natively on Intel-based Macs
- Fixed a bug that caused registration sometimes not to work on Intel-based Macs
- Fixed a bug which caused large metapackages to sometimes load a few extra packages after you cancel it
- Fixed a bug which caused some packages to erroneously give "BOM file not found†errors
- Added support for reading raw BOM files... See all new features »


text:
Dolgoch (locomotive)
|This article relies largely or entirely upon a single source. (December 2014)
Dolgoch at Tywyn Wharf in 2006
|Type and origin
|Power type
|Fletcher, Jennings & Co.
|Serial number
|Class Bb
|Build date
|Total produced
|2 ft 3 in (686 mm)
|Driver diameter
|2 ft 3 in (686 mm), formerly 2 ft 4 in (711 mm)
|6 ft 6 in (1.98 m)
|17 ft 5 in (5.31 m)
|Locomotive weight
|10 tons
|Boiler pressure
|150 lbf/in2 (1.03 MPa)
|Two, outside
|Cylinder size
|7 5⁄8 in × 16 in (194 mm × 406 mm)
|Performance figures
|Tractive effort
|4,100 lbf (18.24 kN)
|Talyllyn Railway
Dolgoch is a narrow gauge 0-4-0 well tank steam locomotive. It was built by Fletcher, Jennings & Co. in 1866 and is one of the oldest locomotives still in active service. It was delivered to the Talyllyn Railway in 1866[1] and continues to run on this railway.
The fictional Rheneas in The Railway Series by the Rev. W. Awdry was based on this engine.
The design is unusual for a 0-4-0. The well tank engine has a long wheelbase and the driving axle is behind the firebox, which prevents the use of a conventional valve gear layout. Consequently, the Allan valve gear is driven from the leading coupled axle and doubled back to connect to the valve rods.
The engine was renamed "Pretoria" between about 1900 and 1914 in celebration of the relief of the township of Pretoria in South Africa by Lord Roberts during the Boer war. It then reverted to the original name "Dolgoch", which it retains to this day. It is likely that, in the top left photograph, the engine carries the name "Pretoria" - the freshly painted appearance hints that this photograph was taken after the repainting and name change (records indicate it was repainted and renamed around 1900[1], and would have been a bit paint-weary prior to that. Zoom in on the high resolution picture option and you can just make out very faintly ".....ria" painted on the boiler side between the chimney and the side coal bunker). For most of the Railway's life, engine names were painted only on one side of the engines - the North side (the side facing the station platforms which were also only on this side for the whole line). Polished brass nameplates are a feature of current preservation.
- ^ Boyd 1988
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dolgoch.
- Boyd, James I.C. (1988). The Talyllyn Railway. WildSwan Publications. ISBN 0906867460.
|This article relating to steam locomotives operated in the United Kingdom is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


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According to a Victorian volume called Drawing Room Amusements (1879), in the game of Chinese Whispers "participants are arranged in a circle, and the first player whispers a story or message to the next player, and so on round the circle. The original story is then compared with the final version, which has often changed beyond recognition." In John Ashbery's latest collection, the verbal nucleus that is the incitement toward a poem undergoes changes caused not by careless listening but by endlessly proliferating trains of ideas that a word or phrase sets into motion. The poem has been transformed, often into "something rich and strange," but the strangeness is that of thought being opened up, like a geode, to reveal unexpected facets of meaning.
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International Bridges To Justice
Rating: 4.75 stars 16 reviews
Issues: Civil Rights, International, Crime & Law
Location: 198 Tremont St # 447 Boston MA 02116 USA
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IBJ is an amazing organization led by a charismatic, thoughtful and dynamic women, Karen Tse. She leads a terrific team of talented staff who punch way above their weight class. The' impossible' is but a challenge for IBJ. Anything is possible if you have a plan, are smart and determined. And that exemplifies the work of IBJ. IBJ moves mountains. It is the cutting edge innovator in fighting against torture and providing legal assistance and aid in difficult circumstances.
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...keep it exactly as it is. It is on the right track.
The focus of IBJ's mission impresses me. The rights of an accused person, and the effective invocation of those rights by a defender on behalf of the accused, are so fundamental to a fair and just society. Yet, the ordinary citizen accused of a petty crime is so easily forgotten among the numerous social justice causes clamoring for society's attention. IBJ does not forget.
IBJ's practical, results-oriented approach also impresses me. IBJ works simultaneously with those who can lend legitimacy to its efforts – governments, bar associations, local officials – and with those who are on the frontlines of protecting criminal defense rights everyday – the legal aid and private bar defenders, of course, but also those with whom they interact, including police, prosecutors and judges. IBJ has a lofty vision of fair and equitable criminal justice systems, but its day-to-day work is in the trenches.
Finally, the audacious determination and undaunted dedication, not only of IBJ's Founder and CEO Karen Tse, but also of the IBJ Staff, IBJ Fellows and IBJ JusticeMakers, is impressive beyond words. Nothing stops their efforts: not the pervasiveness of torture as a criminal investigation tool, not the prevalent political difficulties in the countries IBJ enters, not the enormity of the challenge. When Karen Tse says, "I believe it is possible to end torture in my lifetime," how can we not help her and IBJ to do that?
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… speaking with defenders who have had the benefit of IBJ training. The skills training certainly helps them, but more importantly, these defenders are emboldened by the training. IBJ gives them the courage needed for their difficult work by showing them that they are not alone, but part of a collegial and increasingly well-equipped criminal defense bar that has international support.
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Over the 10 years of its existence, International Bridges to Justice has done more to protect and advance the human and legal rights of the average citizen of those countries it serves, through its collaborative and educational approach, than any other organization anywhere. We are led by the Rev. Karen Tse, whose individual idealism and determination have made the most extensive and most beneficial difference in more lives and more countries than any other human rights advocate today. I am truly honored to be a small part of this great mission and to serve alongside some of the best people I have ever known.
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What's Next in Employee Wellness: Impact of the Affordable Care Act and New EEOC Initiatives
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In EEOC v. Global Horizons, Inc. et al., No. CV-11-3045-EFS (E.D. Wash.), the court determined that the EEOC had conducted a shoddy administrative investigation and lacked a factual basis to pursue its theory of...more
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Looking for meaning in a fractional gas price increase
Jan 27, 2015
For first time in four months, an average gallon goes up – from $2.033 to $2.038.
Cost of melting icy roads ... is heating up
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Money can buy you less unhappiness
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Auto industry's dirty little secret: Fake engine noise
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Oil prices tank, we save billions
Jan 20, 2015
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Want to track a snowplow? There's an app for that.
Jan 19, 2015
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Maybe Obama should just 'Shake it Off'
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Middleburg, Va.Republicans have few built-in advantages in politics. But they do have one that's already a factor in the 2016 presidential campaign. That advantage is ideas, especially ones affecting middle-income Americans.
GOP presidential candidates were among the first to notice. Florida senator Marco Rubio, who announced for president last week, met several times with a group of conservative intellectuals last year. Now his agenda, notably on taxes, echoes their ideas. So does his new book, American Dreams: Restoring Economic Opportunity for Everyone.
When Jeb Bush, the former Florida governor, came to Washington in February, he made a point of huddling with five policy experts associated with the Conservative Reform Network. One of them, CRN policy director April Ponnuru, wound up being hired. She will soon join the Bush campaign as an adviser.
CRN, which brings together reform-minded Republicans and think tank scholars, is a leader in the conservative idea business. It has spurred a fresh flow of proposals, policies, talking points, and new ways of thinking, mostly based on a concept called "applied conservatism."
It's a new term and likely to catch on. It means the application of conservative principles to current problems in American society and the crafting of practical solutions that have a fair chance of being enacted.
This is easy in theory but difficult in politics. The most effective ideas respond to circumstances, rather than simply rebut liberal policies, according to Yuval Levin of the Ethics and Public Policy Center (EPPC) and a CRN leader. And while applied conservatism doesn't require reducing the size of government, the ideas it generates aim to minimize the role of government and expand the power of individuals and the public. Limiting government, sad to say, rarely occurs in Washington.
Democrats have nothing to match this GOP idea machine. Their allegiance to identity politics and obeisance to liberal interest groups has led to a commitment to policies from the New Deal and Great Society. Their newest idea is increasing Social Security benefits, itself an old idea. Liberals are "intellectually defunct," says John Murray, an adviser to former House majority leader Eric Cantor and now CRN chairman.
When the Conservative Reform Network (formerly the Young Guns Network) was created last year, it produced an online book of 10 essays titled Room to Grow. Its purpose, wrote EPPC's Peter Wehner, was to explore, "in an empirical and disinterested way, the problems and worries of middle-class Americans." The essays dealt with education, health care, taxes, family and marriage, and safety-net reform, among other subjects.
The book was a hit in the policy community, among Republican elected officials and Capitol Hill staffers, and with party apparatchiks and the media. The authors posed awkwardly in the New York Times Magazine for a picture accompanying a generally favorable article. Room to Grow was downloaded 75,000 times.
Its success prompted Room to Grow II, with twice as many essays. To review and edit drafts of the new essays, the authors, along with CRN leaders and a few observers—I was one—gathered last weekend at Salamander, a resort an hour outside Washington.
Among the think tanks represented were the Manhattan Institute, the American Enterprise Institute, the Heritage Foundation, EPPC, the Cato Institute, the Mercatus Center, the Galen Institute, and the Texas Public Policy Foundation.
The discussions were lively, even when the subject matter was not. At one point, the scrutiny of the essays was ahead of schedule. "This is exciting," said Kate O'Beirne, the moderator and a CRN adviser. "It means we have an hour and a half to devote to monetary policy." She was joking.
Ryan Ellis of Americans for Tax Reform—Grover Norquist's outfit—wrote the chapter on tax reform. Ellis not only favors "high octane pro-growth" tax policies and said so, he also advocates cutting the tax rate on capital gains from 23.8 percent to zero. This triggered objections. "Toxic!" said Henry Olsen of EPPC. Rubio, by the way, has proposed dropping the capital gains rate to zero.
James Capretta, still another EPPC scholar, talked about his essay on "Sustainable U.S. Fiscal Policy in the Context of a Reform Agenda." He was mercifully brief. But when the discussion turned to Social Security reform, he interjected one of the boldest ideas of the two-day conference. He argued for eliminating the payroll tax for those under 21 and over 65.
Read more...
Obamacare—or at least the version of it that the president and his advisers currently think they can get away with putting into place—has been upending arrangements and reshuffling the deck in the health system since the beginning of the year. That's when the new insurance rules, subsidies, and optional state Medicaid expansions went into effect.
The latest Conversation with Bill Kristol, featuring contributing editor Yuval Levin:
The Republican party is on its way to rediscovering conservative ideas , reports no less an authority than the New York Times. In an extensive piece for the Times magazine, Sam Tanenhaus profiles the group of reform conservatives (including several frequent WEEKLY STANDARD contributors) who are shaping the GOP's policy agenda:
Although he has, in most respects, been gone from the scene for the better part of a decade, Ariel Sharon's death this month has nonetheless hit Israel hard. His military career was among the most exemplary in a nation that has seen far more than its share of great warriors. And by the end of his political career (if not at every point throughout it), Sharon was widely respected and admired. The sudden end of his premiership in 2006 left many in Israel with a sense of missed opportunity and unexplored possibility.
Hard cases, it is said, make bad law. So, too, extreme situations make bad policy and worse philosophy. The French Revolution was just such a situation; compared with the French, the English and American revolutions are almost unworthy of the title of revolution. No one took the measure of the extremity of that revolution better than its contemporaries Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine. And nobody drew the most far-reaching, antithetical, and enduring political and philosophical lessons from that revolution.
Yuval Levin, editor of National Affairs, recently corresponded with Ryan Streeter of the website Conservative Home. You'll want to read the whole interview. Here's a taste:
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Maureen T. 2015-06-07T06:38:00Z
This marinade makes your pork chops sweet and tasty. It is a great mix, leave the meat to marinate, and go recipe. I love how convenient it makes grilling out on weeknights. It is really simple to mix up this marinade before work in the morning. The ingredients are all ones that I have in my pantry which also makes this dish an attractive one! I love not having to shop for special ingredients when I find a new recipe. The first time I made this recipe was for a BBQ get together we hosted and everyone raved about how tasty the pork chops were. The kids ate every bite of their chops and clamored for more. I will be sure to double the recipe next time. I think I might make two batches next time, one that has a little cayenne pepper added for spice and one original recipe that is not spicy. Thank you so much for sharing!


text:
Page 1
Volume 10, Number 1, 2007
© Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
DOI: 10.1089/rej.2006.9096
Evidence that Aging and Amyloid Promote
Microglial Cell Senescence
Barry E. Flanary,1Nicole W. Sammons,1Cuong Nguyen,2
Douglas Walker,3and Wolfgang J. Streit1
Advanced age and presence of intracerebral amyloid deposits are known to be major risk fac-
tors for development of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and both have been
associated with microglial activation. However, the specific role of activated microglia in AD
pathogenesis remains unresolved. Here we report that microglial cells exhibit significant telo-
mere shortening and reduction of telomerase activity with normal aging in rats, and that in
humans there is a tendency toward telomere shortening with presence of dementia. Human
brains containing high amyloid loads demonstrate a significantly higher degree of microglial
dystrophy than nondemented, amyloid-free control subjects. Collectively, these findings show
that microglial cell senescence associated with telomere shortening and normal aging is ex-
acerbated by the presence of amyloid. They suggest that degeneration of microglia is a fac-
tor in the pathogenesis of AD.
tem (CNS) constituting the brain's endogenous
system of immunocompetent cells.1,2Micro-
glial cells are activated quickly in acute CNS
injury situations when they undergo mitosis to
increase their numbers.3,4This acute neuroin-
flammatory response, which correlates well
with the postaxotomy recovery of motoneu-
rons and subsequent axonal regeneration, sup-
ports the view that microglia are constitutively
neuroprotective cells.5,6On the other hand, po-
tentially detrimental, chronic microglial neu-
ICROGLIA REPRESENT A MAJOR glial cell pop-
ulation within the central nervous sys-
roinflammation and neurotoxicity have often
been discussed as factors in the pathogenesis of
neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alz-
heimer's disease (AD) where intracerebral
amyloid deposits are thought to induce and
sustain prolonged microglial activation accom-
panied by the production of microglial neuro-
toxins.7–11However, postmortem observations
have produced evidence showing that some of
the ostensibly activated microglia in aged and
diseased human brain also exhibit signs of cell
death and cytoplasmic degeneration,12–16the
latter having been termed microglial dystro-
phy.12These observations document that mi-
croglia themselves are subject to structural de-
1Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville,
2Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine,
Gainesville, Florida.
3Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona.
Page 2
terioration, and they raise the possibility that
microglial degeneration may precede neuro-
degeneration and therefore contribute to it
through diminishing neuroprotection.
Telomeres, the physical ends of eukaryotic
chromosomes, naturally shorten during each
cell division because of the inability of DNA
polymerase to completely replicate linear DNA
molecules.17Certain cells can maintain their
telomeres utilizing telomerase, an enzyme ca-
pable of relengthening telomeres.18However,
in somatic cells, telomeres continually shorten
with age and division,19and cells eventually
exhaust their replicative potential, become in-
capable of further division,20and ultimately en-
ter replicative senescence, which is a nondi-
viding state characterized by critically short
telomeres,21and substantial changes in cell
function and gene expression.22,23The shortest
telomere length, not the average, is thought to
be responsible for maintaining chromosome
stability, cell viability, and determining when
a cell will enter senescence.21Recent work from
this laboratory examining rat microglia telom-
eres and telomerase activity has shown that
telomere shortening occurs over time in vitro
and that mechanisms of telomere maintenance
are active during microglial activation and pro-
liferation in vivo24,25supporting the idea that
microglia, as the only mature cell type in the
CNS capable of significant cell division, are
subject to replicative senescence.26,27In the cur-
rent study, we have sought more direct evi-
dence in support of microglial cell senescence
focusing to incorporate the role of amyloid pro-
tein in this process. The findings reported here
provide strong support for a novel view on AD
pathogenesis that takes into account both ag-
ing and amyloid as important factors in a com-
mon pathway that involves progressive dam-
age to the brain's immune system.
FACS isolation of rat microglia
Male Fisher-344 Brown Norway hybrid rats
were exsanguinated while they were under
deep sodium pentobarbital anesthesia (50
mg/kg body weight) using ice-cold phosphate-
buffered saline (PBS). The brains were removed
and placed in PBS on ice. Dissection and isola-
tion of cerebral cortex from the chilled brains
was performed immediately after removal.
Cortex tissue was collected from 3- and 30-
month-old rats (three animals per group). Tis-
sue was processed according to established iso-
lation protocols.28Fluorescence-activated cell
sort (FACS) analysis was performed with a
FACSVantage SE cell sorter and CellQuest soft-
ware (BD Biosciences/Becton Dickinson, San
Jose, CA). Monoclonal antibodies used to iso-
late microglia during FACS analysis were flu-
orescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated anti-
rat CD45 (leukocyte common antigen), and
PE-conjugated anti-rat CD11b/c (CR3 comple-
ment; BD Biosciences/Pharmingen, San Diego,
CA), with microglia being identified as the
CD11b/c-high and CD45-low cell popula-
Culturing of rat microglia
Microglia were isolated from newborn
Sprague-Dawley rat brains. The cerebral cor-
tices of neonatal rats (?3 days) were stripped
of meninges and minced with a sterile scalpel
blade in a 35 ? 10 mm dish containing filter-
sterilized 37°C solution D (0.137 M NaCl, 0.2 M
NaH2PO4, 0.2 M KH2PO4, 5.4 mM KCl, 5 mM
dextrose [glucose], 58.5 mM sucrose, 0.25
?g/mL Fungizone [Gibco, Carlsbad, CA], and
1 ? 106U penicillin/streptomycin in sterile
water). The tissue fragments/cell suspension
were incubated in 37°C solution D containing
1.0% trypsin (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) for 30
minutes at 37°C on a bidirectional tilting plat-
form. An equal volume of Dulbecco's modified
Eagle's medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal
bovine serum (FBS; Gibco) and 1% peni-
cillin/streptomycin (complete medium) was
added to quench the trypsin reaction. The
mixed brain cell suspension was then passed
through a 130 ?m Nitex filter (Tetko, Briarcliff
Manor, NY) and centrifuged (4000 rpm
[2,900g], 10 minutes). The resulting pellet was
resuspended in 10 mL of complete medium,
passed through a 40-?m Nitex filter, and plated
on poly-L-lysine (0.01 g/L) (Sigma-Aldrich, St.
Louis, MO) coated, solution D-rinsed, 175 cm2
flasks at a density of 1.5 brains per flask. The
Page 3
cultures were incubated in complete medium
at 37°C under 5% CO2. After 4 days, the
medium was changed and incubation was con-
tinued for an additional 3 days. Microglia were
harvested from the whole brain cultures by
shaking the flasks on an orbital shaker (100
rpm) for 1 hour (which detached the loosely
adherent microglia), and then collecting the
medium containing the free-floating microglia.
The cells were then pelleted from the medium
by centrifugation (4000 rpm [2900g], 10 min-
utes), resuspended in fresh complete medium,
and immediately plated (day 0) in cell culture
dishes at the appropriate cell concentrations as
follows: 9.5 cm2plates (1.0 ? 106cells per well),
3.8 cm2plates (4.0 ? 105cells per well), or 0.32
cm2plates (3.4 ? 104cells per well). The opti-
mal initial cell plating density was empirically
determined in previous experiments. Cells
were allowed to settle for 1 hour in a 5% CO2,
37°C incubator, and then the culture medium
was changed to remove any contaminating
nonadherent cells. Microglia were then treated
with the appropriate concentration of a partic-
ular treatment regimen.
Isolation of human microglia
Microglia were isolated from rapid autopsies
of human brains as previously described.30
Briefly, brain tissue (approximately 50 g) for
culture was taken from the superior frontal
gyrus/frontal pole region. Tissue was minced
with razor blades into small fragments and di-
gested at 37°C with 0.15% trypsin (Invitrogen)
in Hanks balanced salt solution and 1.0 mM
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). After
30 minutes of incubation, the tissue was tritu-
rated to break up fragments and DNAse was
added to final concentration of 50 ?g/mL. Af-
ter an additional 30-minute incubation, brain
tissue was filtered through 100-?m nylon mesh
and the digested material was spun at 800g for
10 minutes. Brain extracts were resuspended in
serum-free DMEM and mixed with 90% (iso-
tonic) Percoll (final concentration 30%). Ex-
tracts were centrifuged at 15,000g for 30 min-
utes. The top layer (myelin) was discarded and
the Percoll layer was collected down to (not in-
cluding) the red blood cell layer. Cells collected
within this layer were washed twice in DMEM.
The final cell pellet was resuspended in DMEM
containing 10% FBS and cell number/viability
was estimated using trypan blue staining. Cells
were plated at a density of 50 million cells per
T75 flask. Microglia attach rapidly to uncoated
plastic while other cells in this suspension (i.e.,
oligodendrocytes and astrocytes) do not. Fol-
lowing a 12-hour incubation at 37°C, the non-
adherent cells were removed and the adherent
cells rinsed and resuspended with DMEM con-
taining 10% FBS. Microglia were cultured for
10 to 14 days without media change. Approxi-
mately 500,000 microglia per case were col-
lected from the culture surface using 0.25%
trypsin per 1.0 mM EDTA, centrifuged to a pel-
let, and stored at ?80°C.
Human brain samples
All tissue specimens used in this study were
obtained from the brain bank at the Sun Health
Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona. Tissue
samples of frontal and temporal cortical re-
gions that had been fixed in 4% paraformal-
dahyde solution for 48 hours were shipped in
glycol storage solution and processed for im-
Determination of telomerase activity by
TRAP assay
Telomerase activity was measured using the
telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP).
Total protein was isolated from (1) FACS-iso-
lated rat microglia, (2) isolated human mi-
croglia, and (3) cultured rat microglia using 200
?L CHAPS lysis buffer (5.0 mM ?-mercap-
toethanol, 1.0 mM ethyleneglycoltetraacetic
acid [EGTA], 1.0 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM phenyl-
methylsulfonyl fluoride, 10 mM Tris, 0.5%
CHAPS, 10% glycerol). The protein extract so-
lution was collected in RNAse-free tubes, in-
cubated on ice for 30 minutes, and centrifuged
at 12,000g (14,000 rpm) for 20 minutes at 4°C to
sediment residual cell debris, if present. Pro-
tein extracts were then aliquoted into RNAse-
free tubes and stored at ?80°C. Immediately
prior to TRAP analysis, total protein concen-
tration was measured using the BCA protein
assay reagent (Pierce, Rockford, IL) according
to the manufacturer's recommended protocol.
Page 4
For TRAP analysis, each sample set included
normal protein extracts, a telomerase-negative
control (CHAPS lysis buffer, and/or RNAse-
treated extracts: 10 mg/mL RNAse:sample
(1:1) incubated for 20 minutes at room temper-
ature), and a telomerase-positive control (500
ng protein extract of a rat glioblastoma cell line
RG-2). Each 50 ?L reaction initially contained
5.0 ?L 10? TRAP buffer (10 mM EGTA, 500
mM KCl, 15 mM MgCl2, 100 mM Tris, 1.0
mg/mL bovine serum albumin [BSA], 0.05%
Tween-20), 200 ?M dNTP (Roche, Indianapo-
lis, IN), 100 ng telomerase substrate (TS) primer
(5?-AAT-CCG-TCG-AGC-AGA-GTT-3?), 500 ng
protein extract, and RNAse-free water up to
48 ?L. This mixture was incubated for 20 min-
utes at room temperature to allow telomerase,
if present and active, to add hexanucleotide
telomeric repeats (i.e., TTAGGG) onto the 3?
end of the TS primer, which is a substrate
oligonucleotide and served as an artificial
telomere. Following telomeric extension, 100
ng CX primer (5?-CCC-TTA-CCC-TTA-CCC-
TTA-CCC-TAA-3?) and 5 units Taq polymerase
(Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA) were added.
Telomere repeats were amplified by the poly-
merase chain reaction (PCR) using the TS (for-
ward) and CX (reverse) primers, which gener-
ate a ladder of products (generated by
telomerase) containing 6-base increments be-
ginning at 40 base pairs in telomerase-positive
lanes. Both an increased quantity and intensity
of bands present within the ladder of products
correspond to an increased level of telomerase
activity. If telomerase activity was absent, no
product ladder was formed. PCR was carried
out as follows: Initial denaturation at 94°C for
2 minutes to inactivate telomerase, then 33 to-
tal cycles of the following: 94°C for 30 seconds,
55°C for 30 seconds, 72°C for 45 seconds. Fol-
lowing PCR, 5 ?L filter-sterilized gel loading
dye (0.25% xylene cyanol, 0.25% bromophenol
blue, 50% glycerol, 50 mM EDTA) was added
to each sample. The samples were then loaded
onto a vertical 20 cm 12.5% nondenaturing
polyacrylamide gel, and electrophoresed at 87
volts at room temperature in 0.5? TBE buffer
until the bromophenol blue band ran off the gel
and the xylene cyanol band reached 95% the
length of the gel (approximately 21 hours). The
telomerase products were visualized by stain-
ing the gel with a 0.01% solution of SYBR Green
(Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) for 40 minutes
in the dark with gentle agitation, and then pho-
tographing the gel under ultraviolet light us-
ing an electronic gel documentation system
(Gel Doc 2000, BioRad, Hercules, CA). Quanti-
tation of telomerase activity (i.e., the ladder of
products formed in each lane) was performed
using the densitometry computer program
Quantity One (version 4.3.1) (BioRad).
Determination of telomere length by flow-FISH
Telomere length was measured using flow
cytometry fluorescent in situ hybridization
(flow-FISH). Briefly, 5 ? 105cells were washed
in PBS and resuspended in hybridization mix-
ture (70% deionized formamide, 20 mM Tris
[pH 7.0], 0.1% BSA, 0.3 ?g/mL telomere-spe-
cific FITC-conjugated [C3TA2]3peptide nucleic
acid [PNA] probe; Applied Biosystems, Foster
City, CA; catalog # EX-030325-PP). For nega-
tive controls, cells were resuspended in hy-
bridization mixture without the PNA probe.
Samples were heat-denatured at 80°C for 10
minutes, followed by incubation in dark at
room temperature for 90 minutes with gentle
agitation. Samples were centrifuged and
washed in 500 ?L wash buffer I (70% for-
mamide, 10 mM Tris, 0.1% BSA) for 2 ? 5 min-
utes at room temperature, followed by 500 ?L
wash buffer II (5.0% glucose, 10 mM HEPES,
1.0% BSA, 1.0% Tween-20) for 1 ? 5 minutes at
room temperature. Cells were resuspended at
a density of 1 ? 105cells per 100 ?L in PBS con-
taining 0.1% BSA and 10 ?g/mL RNAse A.
Flow cytometric analysis was performed using
a FACSort flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San
Jose, CA) and CellQuest software (version 3.3).
Measured fluorescent intensity was converted
using the quantum 26 premixed quantitative
standards kit (Bangs Laboratories, Fishers, IN;
catalog # 826-P) to determine molecules of
equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF) units.
Tissue processing and immunohistochemical
Tissue blocks were embedded in agarose
and sections were cut on a vibratome at 50
?M thickness. The sections were incubated in
blocking buffer consisting of PBS, pH 7.4, and
Page 5
10% normal goat serum (NGS) for 1 hour at
room temperature. Primary mouse monoclo-
nal antibodies, LN-3 (MP Biomedicals, Irvine,
CA) against human HLA-DR and 6F/3D
(Dako, Carpinteria, CA) against human amy-
loid beta protein (A?8–17) were diluted 1:500
and 1:100, respectively, in PBS containing 5%
NGS and sections were incubated overnight
at 4°C. Sections were then rinsed three times
with PBS, followed by incubation with bio-
tinylated goat anti-mouse antibody (Vector
Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) diluted 1:500
in PBS and 5% NGS for 1 hour at room tem-
perature. Sections were rinsed three times in
PBS, and binding sites were visualized using
horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-avidin D (Vec-
tor Laboratories) at 1:500 for 30 minutes fol-
lowed by diaminobenzidine-H2O2 substrate
medium. Sections were dehydrated through
ascending ethanols, cleared in xylene, and
coverslipped with Permount (Fisher Scien-
tific). Selected sections were counterstained
using cresyl violet. All preparations were
viewed and photographed in a Zeiss Axio-
plan photomicroscope.
Morphometric quantitation
Qualitative screening of LN-3–stained prepa-
rations identified six categories of microglial
abnormalities: Clusters of cells, cytoplasmic
fragmentations, deramifications, spheroids, at-
rophy, and beading. A quantitative measure of
the incidences (count/mm2) of dystrophic mi-
croglia was performed using Image Pro Plus
image analysis software (Media Cybernetics,
Silver Spring, MD), Spot camera and Spot Ad-
vanced software, and a Zeiss Axioskop 2 Plus
with a 40? objective. Manual counts of mi-
croglial abnormalities were conducted by a
blinded observer on 20 randomly selected
fields of view (225 ? 300 ?M) of cortical gray
matter for each case. One-way analysis of vari-
ance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey analyses
(when appropriate) were conducted for all cell
morphologies examined.
Statistical analysis of data
All data were analyzed using the software
program InStat version 3.06 (GraphPad, San
Diego, CA).
Telomere length shortens in rat microglia with
age in vivo
As a first step in our investigation, we
acutely isolated microglia from both young (3-
month-old) and aged (30-month-old) rat corti-
cal tissue using flow cytometric sorting. Iso-
lated cells were then analyzed for telomere
length and telomerase activity using telomere
flow-FISH and telomere repeat amplification
protocol (TRAP), respectively. Telomere flow-
FISH analysis of specific intervals within the to-
tal distribution curve (Fig. 1A) revealed that
aged rats possessed significantly shorter mi-
croglia telomeres in all instances compared to
young animals (Fig. 1B), despite only having a
small number of total samples to analyze. The
telomeres in the M2 population of microglia
from three MO rats were significantly longer,
and represent a significantly higher number of
total flow events, compared to 30 MO microglia
(Fig. 1B and 1C).
A concomitant significant decrease (p ?
0.038) in telomerase activity was also evident
in aged rats compared to young animals (Fig.
1D). Collectively, these findings provide in vivo
confirmation of prior in vitro studies25that
demonstrated that rat microglial cells undergo
telomere shortening with normal aging, and
are thus subject to replicative senescence.
Telomere length analysis in human microglia
in vivo with progression of AD
To address the subject of microglia telomere
length and telomerase activity in human age-
related neurodegenerative disease, microglial
cells were isolated and cultured from the cere-
bral cortices of four individuals with significant
AD dementia (Braak stage III or greater) and
one nondemented individual (Table 1). DNA
and protein were extracted from frozen cell
pellets and subjected to telomere length and
telomerase activity analyses using telomere
flow-FISH and TRAP assay, respectively. The
longest telomeres were found in the nonde-
mented subject while all four individuals with
AD pathology possessed shorter microglia
telomeres (Fig. 2A and 2B), as evidenced by
quantification of FACS analysis profiles and as-


text:
Police probe maple syrup theftMay 25,2013MONTPELIER Vermont State Police are investigating the theft of 400 gallons of maple syrup in Starksboro.
Police said David Allen reported Friday that the syrup was stored in bulk barrels, and was valued at about $1,200.
Anyone with information regarding this crime is encouraged to contact the Vermont State Police at 300-4919, or to leave an anonymous tip by texting CRIMES to keyword VTIPS.MORE IN This Just In
Vermont State Police responded to a report of a bicycle accident on Route 4 in Killington... Full Story
PORTLAND, Maine — Some U.S. Full Story
Woman cited
after crash
POULTNEY — A Poultney woman was cited and released ... Full Story
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text:
Clueless Is Coming To Broadway
It has been confirmed that the 90's hit, Clueless, will be coming to Broadway, but who will play Cher?
It has been confirmed that the 90's hit, Clueless, will be coming to Broadway, but who will play Cher?
R. Kelly announced recently that he has been working on some new songs for a yet untitled new album .
Get More:
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From the guys who sing about their broken heart, find out how they recommend you get over your broken heart.
Prince Harry has a big heart. No doubt about it.
Anthony Vincent, the creator of 'Ten Second Songs,' is back with his rendition of Ariana Grande's song 'Problem.'
Miley Cyrus is returning to TV! The 23-year-old singer has been traveling around the world knocking out provocative performances on her Bangerz Tour, and soon everybody will get the chance to be an audience member. Find out all the details here!
I'll never forget the first time I heard the album Straight Outta Compton. I hid the cassette from my parents because the lyrics were so explicit, but I wore out the tape playing it so much in high school...
As if Sam Smith wasn't already making fantastic music of his own, the British crooner covered classic Whitney Houston recently and it was simply amazing.
Last week I got my first in studio visit from a band since I've been lucky enough to work at Fun 107! And it was as awesome as I thought it would be.
video platformvideo managementvideo solutionsvideo player
Wait.... what?
Lewi Morgan from Rixton became a member of the group in the most odd way...


text:
Professional Services
Company Overview of Research Triangle Institute
Executive Profile
Aaron S. Williams
Executive Vice President of Government Relations and Corporate Communications, Research Triangle Institute
|Total Calculated Compensation
|This person is connected to 1 Board Members in 1 different organizations across 2 different industries.
See Board Relationships
Mr. Aaron S. Williams has been Executive Vice President of Government Relations and Corporate Communications at Research Triangle Institute since July 1, 2015 and served as Executive Vice President of International Development Group until June 2015. Mr. Williams served as Director of the U.S. Peace Corps from 2009 to 2012. Mr. Williams served as a Vice President for International Business Development at Research Triangle Institute (formerly, RTI, International) until ...
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Every winter, ski resorts groom trails using heavy machines that do a great job flattening the snow, but also compact the soil underneath. In the offseason, the compacted soil makes it hard for vegetation to regrow, so a lot of money is invested in re-vegetation.
Zebra mussels are one of the most pernicious invasive species in the United States having infested the Great Lakes in the 1980s and then having spread to 29 states by hitching rides on boats on inland waterways.
Woodland pools are small, seasonal wetlands. In the Northeast, they are typically covered with ice and snow in the winter. In the heat of summer they dry up. And in the spring and late fall they contain standing water. Now is a great time for exploring the diversity of life in woodland pools.
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A world-renowned expert, Kathleen Weathers talks about how fog interacts with air, land and water, and investigates its importance to ecosystems.
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A terrestrial ecologist at Cary, Clive Jones' work focuses on the concept of organisms that help to engineer the ecosystem. In this interview, he talks about the relationship between ecological engineering and ecological compensation.
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A new paper from members of the HEAL (Health & Ecosystems: Analysis of Linkages) consortium delineates a new branch of environmental health that focuses on the public health risks of human-caused changes to Earth's natural systems.
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Today, I want to talk about that old Thanksgiving favorite — wet, rotting leaves.
Business, especially the pesticide industry, will face challenges in developing sustainable practices that will reduce insecticide use. Yet their active participation is necessary to bring about change.
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In the face of our rising human population, a lack of protected areas for native species and for pristine ecosystems would result in the loss of many North American plants and animals.
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Dr. Bertics cares about his patients and listens to all concerns. He is very quick to call to follow up on bloodwork. He tests for all sorts of weird things that o... Read more
I saw Dr. Putnam in October of 2002. At that time he diagnosed me with one medical issue, yet the time bomb was the incidental finding on my MRI. He told me that w... Read more
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The latest surveillance news means U.S. tech companies could be facing headaches overseas
The latest on the situation in Syria and American involvement
Prairie Ale, from Oklahoma's Prairie Artisan Ales
Millennials are choosing banking options with high fees
The orchestra's free weekly Pops on the Potomac series starts Saturday at National Harbor.
The rules for water safety sound simple, but it's surprising how many people don't follow them
How the recent surveillance news will affect the G8 summit.
Sen. Lamar Alexander, of Tennessee, on reforming student loans and education
The importance of fatherhood, and what the government can do to encourage strong parenting
Brennan Haselton, WTOP
Veronica Robinson, WTOP
David Burd, WTOP
WTOP's Kate Ryan
WTOP's Dimitri Sotis
Long-distance travel inspired this fashion show where an entire airport was recreated.