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Publications (77)265.53 Total impact
Article: Keratoconjunctivitis in a group of Icelandic horses with suspected γ-herpesvirus involvement[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The role of equid gammaherpesviruses on ocular surface diseases has been disputed, since the diagnosis is usually based on clinical symptoms and detection of viral DNA from samples obtained from live animals. To describe the clinical course, results of PCR analysis, in situ hybridisation, cell culture and pathohistologic findings of select cases in a presumed outbreak of herpesvirus infection in a group of 15 Icelandic horses. Case series. Pooled ocular and nasal swabs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of horses diagnosed clinically with herpesvirus associated keratoconjunctivitis were analysed for presence of EHV-2 and EHV-5 using realtime PCR. Necropsy specimens from one horse, euthanised due to deterioration of clinical symptoms were examined histopathologically, and analysed for presence of EHV-2 and EHV-5 using realtime PCR. In situ hybridisation and cell culture of select samples were performed. All horses with symptoms of severe keratoconjunctivitis were positive for presence of either EHV-2 and/or EHV-5 using realtime PCR. Assessment of necropsy specimens of the most severely affected case, revealed presence of EHV-2 and/or EHV-5 in several ocular and extraocular anatomical locations. The remaining horses responded favourably to symptomatic treatment. This case series illustrates a severe outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis in a group of Icelandic horses, with suspected gammaherpesvirus involvement. For the first time equid gammaherpesviruses were detected in intraocular anatomical locations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Equine Veterinary Journal 06/2015; DOI:10.1111/evj.12465 · 2.37 Impact Factor
Article: West Nile Virus Positive Blood Donation and Subsequent Entomological Investigation, Austria, 2014[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The detection of West Nile virus (WNV) nucleic acid in a blood donation from Vienna, Aus-tria, as well as in Culex pipiens pupae and egg rafts, sampled close to the donor's residence , is reported. Complete genomic sequences of the human-and mosquito-derived viruses were established, genetically compared and phylogenetically analyzed. The viruses were not identical, but closely related to each other and to recent Czech and Italian isolates, indicating co-circulation of related WNV strains within a confined geographic area. The detection of WNV in a blood donation originating from an area with low WNV prevalence in humans (only three serologically diagnosed cases between 2008 and 2014) is surprising and emphasizes the importance of WNV nucleic acid testing of blood donations even in such areas, along with active mosquito surveillance programs.PLoS ONE 05/2015; 10(5). DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0126381 · 3.23 Impact Factor
Article: Host-defense and trefoil factor family peptides in skin secretions of the Mawa clawed frog Xenopus boumbaensis (Pipidae)[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Peptidomic analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from the octoploid Mawa clawed frog Xenopus boumbaensis Loumont, 1983 led to the identification and characterization of 15 host-defense peptides belonging to the magainin (2 peptides), peptide glycine-leucine-amide (PGLa; 3 peptides), xenopsin precursor fragment (XPF; 3 peptides), caerulein precursor fragment (CPF; 2 peptides), and caerulein precursor fragment-related peptide (CPF-RP; 5 peptides) families. In addition, caerulein and three peptides with structural similarity to the trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides, xP2 and xP4 from Xenopus laevis were also present in the secretions. Consistent with data from comparisons of the nucleotides sequence of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, the primary structures of the peptides suggest a close phylogenetic relationship between X. boumbaensis and the octoploid frogs Xenopus amieti and Xenopus andrei. As the three species occupy disjunct ranges within Cameroon, it is suggested that they diverged from a common ancestor by allopatric speciation. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.Peptides 04/2015; DOI:10.1016/j.peptides.2015.03.025 · 2.62 Impact Factor
Article: Complex Epidemiology of a Zoonotic Disease in a Culturally Diverse Region: Phylogeography of Rabies Virus in the Middle East[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The Middle East is a culturally and politically diverse region at the gateway between Europe, Africa and Asia. Spatial dynamics of the fatal zoonotic disease rabies among countries of the Middle East and surrounding regions is poorly understood. An improved understanding of virus distribution is necessary to direct control methods. Previous studies have suggested regular trans-boundary movement, but have been unable to infer direction. Here we address these issues, by investigating the evolution of 183 rabies virus isolates collected from over 20 countries between 1972 and 2014. We have undertaken a discrete phylogeographic analysis on a subset of 139 samples to infer where and when movements of rabies have occurred. We provide evidence for four genetically distinct clades with separate origins currently circulating in the Middle East and surrounding countries. Introductions of these viruses have been followed by regular and multidirectional trans-boundary movements in some parts of the region, but relative isolation in others. There is evidence for minimal regular incursion of rabies from Central and Eastern Asia. These data support current initiatives for regional collaboration that are essential for rabies elimination.PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 03/2015; 9(3):e0003569. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003569 · 4.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Knowledge of bornaviruses has expanded considerably during the last decade. A possible reservoir of mammalian Borna disease virus has been identified, divergent bornaviruses have been detected in birds and reptiles, and endogenous bornavirus-like elements have been discovered in the genomes of vertebrates of several species. Previous sequence comparisons and alignments have indicated that the members of the current family Bornaviridae are phylogenetically diverse and are not adequately classified in the existing bornavirus taxonomy supported by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). We provide an update of these analyses and describe their implications for taxonomy. We propose retaining the family name Bornaviridae and the genus Bornavirus but reorganizing species classification. PAirwise Sequence Comparison (PASC) of bornavirus genomes and Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) comparison of genomic and protein sequences, in combination with other already published phylogenetic analyses and known biological characteristics of bornaviruses, indicate that this genus should include at least five species: Mammalian 1 bornavirus (classical Borna disease virus and divergent Borna disease virus isolate No/98), Psittaciform 1 bornavirus (avian/psittacine bornaviruses 1, 2, 3, 4, 7), Passeriform 1 bornavirus (avian/canary bornaviruses C1, C2, C3, LS), Passeriform 2 bornavirus (estrildid finch bornavirus EF), and Waterbird 1 bornavirus (avian bornavirus 062CG). This classification is also in line with biological characteristics of these viruses and their vertebrate hosts. A snake bornavirus, proposed to be named Loveridge's garter snake virus 1, should be classified as a member of an additional species (Elapid 1 bornavirus), unassigned to a genus, in the family Bornaviridae. Avian bornaviruses 5, 6, MALL, and another "reptile bornavirus" ("Gaboon viper virus") should stay unclassified until further information becomes available. Finally, we propose new virus names and abbreviations when necessary to achieve clear differentiation and unique identification.Archives of Virology 12/2014; 160(2). DOI:10.1007/s00705-014-2276-z · 2.39 Impact Factor
Article: Host-defense peptides from skin secretions of Fraser's clawed frog Xenopus fraseri (Pipidae): Further insight into the evolutionary history of the Xenopodinae[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Peptidomic analysis of norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the tetraploid frog Xenopus fraseri Boulenger, 1905 (Pipidae) led to identification of 13 host-defense peptides. The primary structures of the peptides demonstrate that they belong to the magainin (3 peptides), peptide glycine-leucine-amide, PGLa (4 peptides), and xenopsin-precursor fragment, XPF (2 peptides) families, first identified in Xenopus laevis, together with caerulein precursor fragment-related peptides, CPF-RP (4 peptides), first identified in Silurana tropicalis. In addition, the secretions contain a molecular variant of xenopsin displaying the substitution Arg(4)→Lys compared with X. laevis xenopsin and peptide glycine-tyrosine-amide (PGYa) (GRIIPIYPEFERVFA KKVYPLY.NH2) whose function is unknown. The most potent antimicrobial peptide identified is CPF-RP-F1 (GFGSVLGKALKFGANLL.NH2) with MIC=12.5μM against Staphylococcus aureus and 50μM against Escherichia coli. On the basis of similarities in morphology and advertisement calls, X. fraseri has been placed in a species group that includes the octoploids Xenopus amieti and Xenopus andrei, and the tetraploid Xenopus pygmaeus. Cladistic analyses based upon the primary structures of magainin, PGLa, and CPF-RP peptides support a close evolutionary relationship between X. fraseri, X. amieti and X. andrei but suggest a more distant relationship with X. pygmaeus. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D Genomics and Proteomics 10/2014; 12C:45-52. DOI:10.1016/j.cbd.2014.10.001 · 2.06 Impact Factor
Article: The Complete Sequence of a West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Strain Detected in a Hyalomma marginatum marginatum Tick Collected from a Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos) in Eastern Romania in 2013 Revealed Closest Genetic Relationship to Strain Volgograd 2007[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this study the first complete sequence of the West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 strain currently circulating in Romania was determined. The virus was detected in a Hyalomma marginatum marginatum tick collected from a juvenile song thrush (Turdus philomelos) in the Romanian Danube Delta close to the city of Tulcea, end of August 2013. Our finding emphasizes the role of ticks in introduction and maintenance of WNV infections. Sequence analyses revealed close genetic relationship of the Romanian WNV strain to strain Reb_Volgograd_07_H, which was isolated from human brain tissue during an outbreak of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) in Russia in 2007. In 2010 the Eastern European lineage 2 WNV caused an outbreak of human WNND in Romania. Partial sequences from subsequent years demonstrated that this WNV strain became endemic in Eastern Europe and has been causing outbreaks of varying sizes in southern Russia since 2007 and in Romania since 2010.PLoS ONE 10/2014; 9(10):e109905. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0109905 · 3.23 Impact Factor
Technical Report: 4 new species in the genus Bornavirus; renaming of 1 species in the genus Bornavirus
Article: Authors reply: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels: are dromedary camels a reservoir for MERS-CoV?Eurosurveillance: bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 05/2014; 19(20). DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.20.20811 · 5.72 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A countrywide survey in Oman revealed Middle Eastrespiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) nucleicacid in five of 76 dromedary camels. Camel-derivedMERS-CoV sequences (3,754 nucleotides assembled from partial sequences of the open reading frame (ORF)1a, spike, and ORF4b genes) from Oman and Qatar were slightly different from each other, but closely related to human MERS-CoV sequences from the same geographical areas, suggesting local zoonotic transmission. High viral loads in nasal and conjunctival swabs suggest possible transmission by the respiratory route.Eurosurveillance: bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 04/2014; 19(16). DOI:10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.16.20781 · 5.72 Impact Factor
Article: The Bicolored White-Toothed Shrew Crocidura leucodon (HERMANN 1780) Is an Indigenous Host of Mammalian Borna Disease Virus[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Borna disease (BD) is a sporadic neurologic disease of horses and sheep caused by mammalian Borna disease virus (BDV). Its unique epidemiological features include: limited occurrence in certain endemic regions of central Europe, yearly varying disease peaks, and a seasonal pattern with higher disease frequencies in spring and a disease nadir in autumn. It is most probably not directly transmitted between horses and sheep. All these features led to the assumption that an indigenous virus reservoir of BDV other than horses and sheep may exist. The search for such a reservoir had been unsuccessful until a few years ago five BDV-infected shrews were found in a BD-endemic area in Switzerland. So far, these data lacked further confirmation. We therefore initiated a study in shrews in endemic areas of Germany. Within five years 107 shrews of five different species were collected. BDV infections were identified in 14 individuals of the species bicolored white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon, HERMANN 1780), all originating from BD-endemic territories. Immunohistological analysis showed widespread distribution of BDV antigen both in the nervous system and in epithelial and mesenchymal tissues without pathological alterations. Large amounts of virus, demonstrated by presence of viral antigen in epithelial cells of the oral cavity and in keratinocytes of the skin, may be a source of infection for natural and spill-over hosts. Genetic analyses reflected a close relationship of the BDV sequences obtained from the shrews with the regional BDV cluster. At one location a high percentage of BDV-positive shrews was identified in four consecutive years, which points towards a self-sustaining infection cycle in bicolored white-toothed shrews. Analyses of behavioral and population features of this shrew species revealed that the bicolored white-toothed shrew may indeed play an important role as an indigenous host of BDV.PLoS ONE 04/2014; 9(4):e93659. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0093659 · 3.23 Impact Factor
Article: Evidence for the Role of a Shrew Species as a Reservoir Host of Borna Disease Virus in Eastern GermanyJournal of Comparative Pathology 01/2014; 150(1):82. DOI:10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.11.027 · 1.14 Impact Factor
Article: Host defense peptides from Lithobates forreri, Hylarana luctuosa, and Hylarana signata (Ranidae): Phylogenetic relationships inferred from primary structures of ranatuerin-2 and brevinin-2 peptides[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The primary structures of host-defense peptides present in frog skin secretions constitute useful molecular markers for establishing taxonomic classifications and investigating phylogenetic relationships between species within a particular genus. Peptidomic analysis has led to the characterization of multiple host-defense peptides in norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of three species of frogs from the family Ranidae: Lithobates forreri (Boulenger, 1883), Hylarana luctuosa (Peters, 1871), and Hylarana signata (Günther, 1872). The L. forreri secretions contain ranatuerin-2 (2 peptides), brevinin-1 (4 peptides), and temporin (1 peptide). The H. luctuosa secretions contain brevinin-2 (4 peptides), esculentin-1 (1 peptide), esculentin-2 (1 peptide), palustrin-2 (2 peptides), and temporin (2 peptides). The H. signata secretions contain brevinin-2 (4 peptides), brevinin-1 (5 peptides), palustrin-2 (1 peptide), and temporin (2 peptides). Cladistic analysis based upon the primary structures of 44 ranatuerin-2 peptides from 20 Lithobates species indicates a close phylogenetic relationship between L. forreri, Lithobates onca, and Lithobates yavapaiensis. A similar cladistic analysis based upon the primary structures of 27 brevinin-2 peptides from 8 Hylarana species provides support for a close phylogenetic relationship between H. signata and Hylarana picturata, while showing that the species are not conspecific, with H. luctuosa more distantly related.Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D Genomics and Proteomics 01/2014; 9C(1):49-57. DOI:10.1016/j.cbd.2014.01.002 · 2.06 Impact Factor
Article: Clinical Course of Ophthalmic Findings and Potential Influence Factors of Herpesvirus Infections: 18 Month Follow-Up of a Closed Herd of Lipizzaners[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To date the influence of herpesviruses on the development of equine ocular diseases has not been clearly determined. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the course of equine ocular findings over a period of 18 months at 6 month intervals, in correlation with the results of herpesvirus detection. 266 Lipizzaners in 3 federal states of Austria underwent complete ophthalmologic examination 4 times. Blood samples, nasal- and conjunctival swabs were obtained at the same time and used for the detection of the equid gammaherpesviruses EHV-2 and EHV-5 using consensus herpesvirus PCR and type-specific qPCRs. Ophthalmic findings and results of herpesvirus PCRs were recorded and statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the influence of herpesvirus infections and other contributing factors on the presence of ophthalmic findings. In the first, second, third and fourth examination period 266, 261, 249 and 230 horses were included, respectively. Ophthalmic findings consistent with herpesvirus infections included conjunctival- and corneal pathologies. Statistical analysis revealed that the probability of positive herpesvirus PCR results decreased with progressing age; however the presence of corneal findings increased over time. At the time of each examination 45.1%, 41.8%, 43.0%, and 57.0% of horses with conjunctival or corneal findings, respectively, were positive for EHV-2 and/or EHV-5. However, 31.6%, 17.6%, 20.1%, and 13.0% of clinically sound horses were positive for these herpesviruses at each examination period, too. Based on the results of our study there is a significant influence of young age on EHV-2 and/or EHV-5 infection. Corneal pathologies increased over time and with progressing age. Whether the identified findings were caused by herpesviruses could not be unequivocally determined.PLoS ONE 11/2013; 8(11):e79888. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0079888 · 3.23 Impact Factor
Article: Prevalence of asinine herpesvirus type 5 (AsHV-5) infection in clinically normal Lipizzaner horses[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to assess the extent of asinine herpesvirus (AsHV) type 5 infection in 'closed' populations of clinically normal Lipizzaner horses. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells plus nasal and conjunctival swabs were obtained on four occasions over an 18month period from 266 animals as part of a health surveillance programme. Sequence analysis of samples that were positive by nested consensus herpesvirus PCR but negative using quantified equid herpesvirus (EHV) type 2 and 5 PCR, revealed a total of 51 samples from 39 horses positive for AsHV-5. No statistically significant association between animal age, gender or geographical location and infection status was identified. The findings suggest sub-clinical AsHV-5 infection may be encountered more frequently than previously reported.The Veterinary Journal 11/2013; 200(1). DOI:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.10.035 · 1.76 Impact Factor
Article: Barkedji virus, a novel mosquito-borne flavivirus identified in Culex perexiguus mosquitoes, Israel, 2011[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Barkedji virus, named after the area of its first identification in Senegal, is a newly discovered flavivirus, for which we propose the abbreviation BJV. In the present study, we report the first-time detection of BJV in Culex perexiguus mosquitoes in Israel in 2011 and determination of its almost complete polyprotein gene sequence. We characterized the BJV genome and defined putative mature proteins, conserved structural elements, and potential enzyme motifs along the polyprotein precursor. By comparing polyproteins and individual proteins of BJV with several other flaviviruses, a distant relationship of BJV to Nounane virus, a recently described African flavivirus, is demonstrated. Phylogenetic analysis of 55 selected flaviviral polyprotein gene sequences exhibits two major clusters, one made up of the classical three clades of flaviviruses: mosquito-borne, tick-borne, and such without known vectors. The other cluster exclusively contains so-called 'insect-specific' flaviviruses, which do not replicate in vertebrate cells. Based on our phylogenetic analysis, BJV is related to other members of the mosquito-borne clade with yet unknown vertebrate hosts, such as Nounane virus, Donggang virus, Chaoyang virus, and Lammi virus. However, with a maximum identity of only 54% to Nounane virus BJV represents a distinct new virus species.Journal of General Virology 08/2013; 94(Pt_11). DOI:10.1099/vir.0.056200-0 · 3.18 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Sedlec virus (SEDV) was isolated from the blood of a reed warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) in July 1984 in South Moravia, Czech Republic. In this study first genetic data of SEDV are presented which allow an estimate on its phylogenetic and taxonomic positioning within the genus Orthobunyavirus. The phylogenetic analysis of a 369 nt long stretch within the S segment (nucleocapsid protein gene and non-structural S protein gene) indicates genetic relatedness of SEDV to Leanyer virus and Simbu group viruses, while the phylogenetic tree based on 1796 nt long sequences of the L segment (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene) demonstrates genetic relationship of SEDV to two yet unclassified orthobunyaviruses: I612045 virus (isolated in India in 1961) and Oyo virus (isolated in Nigeria in 1964). Considering the genetic distances and the phylogenetic analyses, SEDV might represent a novel serogroup of the Orthobunyavirus genus.Infection, genetics and evolution: journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases 08/2013; 19. DOI:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.07.025 · 3.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The prevalence of linear keratopathy with progressing age in a closed population of a single horse breed is reported. All Lipizzaners in three federal states in Austria underwent complete ophthalmic examination four times over a period of 18 months, with six-month intervals. Findings consistent with linear keratopathy were recorded, and associated with factors such as sex, location, boarding system and level of performance throughout the study period. Logistic regression was applied to determine the influence of age on ophthalmic findings. On the first, second, third and fourth examinations, 0.8 per cent, 3.1 per cent, 4.4 per cent and 4.8 per cent (of 266, 261, 249 and 230 horses, respectively) of the study population, were diagnosed with linear keratopathy. This finding was consistently identified in the same horses, and once identified, no further progression was noted. Horses with this finding had no history of previous ocular problems or concurrent ocular abnormalities. Statistical analysis did not reveal any influence of sex, location, boarding, or level of performance; however the prevalence of linear keratopathy was found to increase with progressive age (P<0.5). The results of this study indicate that linear keratopathy was not congenital and was non-progressive in the Lipizzaner over a period of 18 months.07/2013; 173(8). DOI:10.1136/vr.101710
Article: Detection of Plasmodium sp.-infested Anopheles hyrcanus (Pallas 1771) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Austria, 2012. Wien Klin Wochenschr[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: On July 15, 2012, adult Anopheles hyrcanus (Pallas 1771) mosquitoes were caught next to a farm barn near Rust, Burgenland, close to Lake Neusiedl National Park in eastern Austria. Six weeks later, adults of this invasive species were also found in a sheep shelter outside the village of Oggau and another 2 weeks later, in a horse barn in Mörbisch. The morphological typing was confirmed genetically by amplification and sequencing of a 1,404-bp-long fragment within the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, the internal transcribed spacer 2, and the 28S ribosomal RNA gene. Out of two A. hyrcanus pools analyzed, one was found positive for Plasmodium sp. A 460-bp-long sequence within the mitochondrial cytochrome b region revealed 100 % identity to a sequence of a Plasmodium parasite identified in a New Zealand bellbird (Anthornis melanura). The Austrian finding sites are close to the Hungarian border. In Hungary, the occurrence of A. hyrcanus was already reported in 1963. A. hyrcanus is considered the most important potential vector of malaria in southern France today. In Austria, sporadic autochthonous malaria cases could emerge, caused by immigration from malaria-endemic countries and heavy tourism. However, the broad population coverage of the Austrian health care system makes the reestablishment of endemic areas for malaria unlikely.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 02/2013; 125(5-6). DOI:10.1007/s00508-013-0331-5 · 0.84 Impact Factor
Article: Detection of equid herpesviruses 2 and 5 in a herd of 266 Lipizzaners in association with ocular findings[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A herd of Lipizzaners (n=266) in three locations [Federal stud Piber (Styria), Heldenberg (Lower Austria) and the Spanish Riding School Vienna (Vienna)] were examined for ocular diseases and tested for herpesviruses (HVs) in PBMCs, nasal- and conjunctival swabs. In 167 (62.8%) horses equid herpesvirus-2 (EHV-2) nucleic acid was identified in at least one of the investigated samples, and 136 (51.1%) horses were positive for equid herpesvirus-5 (EHV-5) nucleic acid in at least one of the samples. One hundred and five (39.5%) of the horses mentioned above were identified with EHV-2/EHV-5 double infections. The results were correlated with potential influence factors such as age, gender, location, and housing. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of horses diagnosed with HV infections stabled in one location (Piber); also, housing in free stalls was associated with a higher rate of HV infections. Horses carrying EHV-2 or EHV-5 nucleic acid were significantly younger than the negative group. Statistical analysis of PCR results and ophthalmic findings did not prove a significant association between any disease pattern and presence of the equid gammaherpesviruses EHV-2 and EHV-5. The results of this herd survey indicate that horses younger than eight years of age, housed in free stalls with high population densities have a significantly increased risk for infection with EHV-2 and EHV-5. However no prediction can be made whether this results in ophthalmic disease. This is the first ophthalmic-virologic survey of this magnitude in a single horse breed.Veterinary Microbiology 02/2013; 164(1-2). DOI:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.01.035 · 2.51 Impact Factor
Top Journals
- PLoS ONE (5)
- Peptides (4)
- The Veterinary record (3)
- Microbes and Infection (3)
- Avian Diseases (2)
University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna
Wien, Vienna, Austria
- • Institute of Virology
- • Department of Pathobiology
- • Division of Diagnostic Imagining
- • Institute of Physiology
University of Freiburg
Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Department of Virology
Agricultural University of Tirana
Tiranë, Tiranë, Albania
- Department of Animal Production
Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesBîkâner, Rajasthan, India
United Arab Emirates University
Al 'Ayn, Abu Zaby, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biochemistry
Emirates UniversityArab, Alabama, United States


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Category:New Zealand people of Hong Kong descent
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The community of people born in New Zealand who are of Hong Kong descent.
This category has only the following subcategory.
- ► Hong Kong emigrants to New Zealand (5 P)
Pages in category "New Zealand people of Hong Kong descent"
This category contains only the following page. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).

subset: commoncrawl


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Hobart Wheel Kit Running Gear For Stickmate 043927$29.99
Mounts easily to unit and provides convenient portability. Includes two wheels, two feet, and a handle.Learn More
Mag-Torch Regulated Self-Lighting Propane Torch Kit MT 535-3$29.99
The MT 535 is a regulated self-lighting propane torch features a stainless steel burn tube for strength and an ergonomic handle provides comfort and durability. The regulated valve delivers the highest quality and consistent triple point flame while operating the torch at any angle. The fuel control knob provides control and economy. This kit includes a 14.1 oz. disposable propane fuel cylinder. The MT 535 is great for soldering pipe, soft solder, thawing pipes, lighting pilots and grills, and removing paint, tile, and putty.
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This product cannot go expedited shipping, must go UPS Ground or Freight.Learn More
Hobart .030 Twin Pack Gas Flux. Welding Wire H222106-RTP$39.99
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Product Description
The dual gauge regulator comes with a hose and connects directly to shielding gas. It allows the gas to be regulated during MIG welding. This accessory is perfect to complete the MIG-ready WG3080 welder, or as a replacement for the WG3090 or WG4130.Learn More
Hobart Tip Heating Rosebud # 6 Victor 770169$29.99
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Campbell Hausfeld WE302000AV MIG Wire - .030", 10 lb. Spool WE3020$29.97
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Hobart 1/4" x 25' Twin Welding Hose 770132$28.99
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Hobart 8" Heavy Duty Welding Clamp 1000 lb. 770551$26.99
Extremely fast setup, 90% faster than C-clamps. Simply slide into position and tighten. Made from drop forged, heat treated, nickel chrome plated steel. The screw and handle are copper coated to protect against weld spatter. Available with various throat depths in light, heavy and super duty to meet most welding applications. 8" Heavy Duty, 80 mm throat.Learn More
Hobart Stick Electrode 6013-5/32 25lb 770471$42.99
Excellent arc stability and reliable performance. Hobart stick electrodes are available in six industry-standard grades for a variety of applications. Available in 1, 5 and 10 lb. plastic reusable packs, or 50 lb. cartons. Each rod is printed with its AWS classification for easy identification and meets or exceeds all AWS specifications. Made in the U.S.A.
A light to medium penetrating all-purpose stick electrode for use in all positions, on carbon steel. Runs on AC or DCEP (reverse) polarity or DCEN (straight) polarity. 60,000 PSI tensile strength. Good for general, all-purpose applications and joints with poor fit-up. 5/32" 25 lb. CartonLearn More


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Think of the haters in your life as sandpaper; theyll scratch you up time and time again but in the end youre polished, smooth, and spotless..while they end up useless
We make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give.
This is it. The darkest day. The blackest hour. Chin up, shoulders back. Let's see what we're made of, you and I.
- The Doctor
Talked to Sensei today; the plan is to stay where I am for a while longer after this semester. I feel like I'm doing well. Won't be long before I am teaching classes with him as assistant.
Michigan Lost
Gators lost
Next thing you'll tell me there is no Santa Clause and the Easter Bunny is dead.
After the man leaves the boss says to the clerk that he is impressed at how quickly the clerk thought on his feet and covered his ass. He asks the clerk if he would like to go into the management training course that is going to be held in Montreal.
The clerk jokes, "I thought there were only whores and hockey teams in Montreal."
The boss says, "my wife is from Montreal."
The clerk says, "And what team does she play for?"
I thought it was funny though.


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When I was about 7-years-old, I remember fondly a week that I spent at day camp. We had a morning of face painting one time, and every afternoon we learned new songs. There were a few sessions of bell ringing, which I was fascinated by, and at the end of the week, we put on a play.
It was all about the story of Noah and the Flood. I didn't know what it meant, but the songs were catchy. In fact, I still remember most of them today.
Children are sponges when it comes to information and ideas, and that makes them ideal subjects when it comes to any form of teaching. It's no wonder, then, that some religious groups see them as the perfect audience when it comes to recruitment, and the younger, the better. My day camp was a Presbyterian bible study, more about getting young kids out of their parents' hair over the summer and offering wholesome activities at the same time, and yes, a little smattering of God came along for the price of admission. Others, however, use far stronger tactics, and they are ramping up their attempts to recruit elementary school aged children to the fold.
According to The Associated Press, an evangelical group in Portland, Ore., is explicitly targeting young school aged children, all the way down to kindergarten, by trying to pick them up at neighborhood pools and parks, or anyplace a large number of them may be gathering. However, the organization, known as Child Evangelism Fellowship's Good News Club, isn't your typical bible study or vacation bible school camp; instead, they put extreme pressure on children to see the world according to their own narrow biblical worldview, according to locals.
"Mia Marceau, a mother of two in the Portland suburb of Vancouver, Washington, said she was intrigued when the group approached her apartment complex pool last week. She said she, too, believes in Jesus Christ," reports the AP. "Within a few hours, however, she didn't like what the group was telling her 8-year-old son and his friends: They were headed to hell, needed to convert their friends and were duty-bound to raise money for the organization."
Recruitment wherever a massive number of children can be found is quite commonplace, however. I experienced it myself just this month, when my daughter attended an annual 4th of July parade in her grandparents' hometown. Children lined the street, holding bags to collect the candy, stickers and bracelets being tossed to the crowd or handed out one by one by the community organizations and businesses that co-sponsored the parade. Near the very end of the city-sponsored event, a Baptist church tailed behind, handing out leaflets to their upcoming vacation bible study camp, complete with a drawing of Jesus on the crucifix, his hands dripping blood.
In the case of the leaflet the children (or at least their parents) have a pretty clear indication of what their children will be exposed to if they attend. Other efforts are less transparent, such as invites sent to schools to promote Easter egg hunts or field trips to learn the "true story" of Easter.
It may seem innocuous. After all, children don't have to be involved, and parents can keep them away from such events if they disagree. But seducing children into events, where they will then be exposed to ideas that they may not be cognitively ready to cope with, is a danger in itself to their future development, according to a recent study.
"The study found that, of the 66 participants, children who went to church or were enrolled in a parochial school were significantly less able than secular children to identify supernatural elements, such as talking animals, as fictional," reports Huffington Post. "By relating seemingly impossible religious events achieved through divine intervention (e.g., Jesus transforming water into wine) to fictional narratives, religious children would more heavily rely on religion to justify their false categorizations."
Should children be exposed to religious ideas? Of course. But in an age appropriate way, guided by the caretakers in their lives who can help them separate true from false and morality versus judgement. Anything else is little more than seduction and brainwashing.
Read more: separation of church and state, theocracy
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It makes me sick to think to get up in the morning and need to read the Bible first!I am very slow and sleepy at 06am!Then feeling forced to be somebody I am not.Why do I have to change for God?I am Always softspoken and kindhearted.The Evangelical world is constantly unhappy ,not grateful, complaining and therefore preaches to change.The simple hard working believer is regarded as not as spiritual because he does not WORK for God!In Europe, most American/Canadian missionaries live a luxury life,travel all over and do sightseeing to their hearts Delight.They think they DO the work of God but its a covering.Europe IS a great place to live,of course!I love it!But most Belgians have no idea what they are here to do.They manage to escape Tax here AND the US.These so to speak high believers:spiritual leaders are just accomodating their luxury lives.Flying is common as a busride for most simple peoplehere.
Children Evangelisation is not unharming.Some kids have nightmares about the bloody stories from the OT when they hear "The Lord killed them all or The Lord took away the lives ..
I am still recovering from the Hyper Judgmental Christian Organised Religion.
I'm a Christian and I try to follow the teachings of the Lord. But as far as Evangelical religion is concerned; I can't see how these people claim to be Christians.
You may be sincere in your religious worship, but being compared to others, being forced to tithe even if you don't have the money, being told that if you're not receiving lots of money and goods that you are NOT following the religious rules is a bunch of bunk.
Either a congregation practices the Old Testament OR the New Testament. Jesus came to fulfill the Old Testament and His main teachings are to LOVE GOD and to LOVE YOUR NEIGHBOR AS YOU LOVE YOURSELF. You can't 'pick and choose' which rules and laws you'll follow from the Bible.
When you are nitpicking at others' shortcomings or comparing your bank account to others or pushing your young children to accept everything they are told you are NOT following the teachings of the Lord. Evangelicals are NOT Christians. Sorry, but that's my opinion and I'm sticking with it.
@Rene M. Did it surprise you that you were labeled as a COMMUNIST, for questioning the BIBLE as being the BOOK of books...the teachings of Jesus and of course the word of GOD???!!!...Now the right wing McCarthy sympathizing TeaSippers favorite prey no longer seem to be the GODLESS Commies, but rather the GODLESS Muslims...Everything else has pretty much remained the same...Except for the fact that the TeaBaggers are every bit as loony as the fanatical Muslims they would like to annihilate, and vice versa...As long as there is such a plethora of KNUCKLEHEADS who do not allow ANYONE to question the scriptures, we are never going to have PEACE on EARTH...The sad thing is that both sides want to RAM PEACE right down the throats of the others...and feel that it is their GOD(ALLAH)-given right to do so!!!!
Does feeding a child pasta count as Pastafarian evangelizing?
(continued)to the parents while the child is under the age of consent, to do otherwise interferes with parental rights and is unfair to developing minds. In my opinion.
"Should children be exposed to religious ideas? Of course. But in an age appropriate way, guided by the caretakers in their lives who can help them separate true from false and morality versus judgement. Anything else is little more than seduction and brainwashing."
I'm not so sure of that "Of course." part. I was. Both my mother and grandmother were Sunday School teachers. I read before school and my first book was a HUGE children's bible. It was not long after starting Sunday School that I was forbidden from asking questions in class. I mean they start right off the bat - there are four people in the world, Adam, Eve, Cain, Abel. Cain kills Abel and is exiled with his wife. His who now? Where did SHE come from? I to this day do not understand how literalists can reconcile all those contradictions. So as I grew up I formed my own conclusions about what I believe and don't. But I had some background from which to work. I did the same for my sons, sent them through confirmation, then left it up to them to do as they chose. For me that is how it should be. Choose for yourself, and give everyone else the same freedom. That's the line I draw in the sand with those who wish to proselytize as part of their faith experience. Their freedom to do so ends with my choice to not be proselytized. But I am an adult and can freely make such a choice. A child may not have that kind of will, nor know that he or she can say no. So, personally, I'd say leave this to the pa
I promised myself from a very young age, that the day I left school and home would be the last day I go to church! I was never satisfied with the illogical stuff being preached. They were never able to satisfactory answer my many questions. YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO QUESTION THE BIBLE!!!! Yeah right, because you know it is a bunch of fairy tales!! In my day I was even accused of being a communist because I did not believe some stuff and questioned some things.
I promised myself from a very young age, that the day I left school and home would be the last day I go to church! I was never satisfied with the illogical stuff being preached. They were never able to satisfactory answer my many questions. YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED TO QUESTION THE BIBLE!!!! Yeah right, because you know it is a bunch of fairy tales!! In my day I was even accused of being a communist because I did not believe some stuff and questioned some things.
Allow children to develop their own belief system instead of brainwashing them with crap. Give me one religion which has the truth!!! There's none!!
The first thing they teach is DON'T ASK QUESTIONS, which effectively keeps their victims from any hope of being ripped from their grasp.
And the first thing they scream if anyone does question is RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION!
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|15 Aug 2006
|Filing date
|2 May 2001
|Priority date
|6 Jun 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jeffrey Douglas Veitch, Robert Anthony Biddlecombe
|Original Assignee
|Glaxo Group Limited
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (103), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (45), Classifications (26), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is filed pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 371 as a United States National Phase Application of International Patent Application Serial No. PCT/EP01/04880 filed on 2 May 2001, which claims priority from GB 0013619.2 filed on 6 Jun. 2000 in the United Kingdom.
The present invention relates to a radiofrequency identifier (RFID) tag which is attached to a sample container as an identification aid. In particular the invention relates to the application of RFID tags to identify sample containers used in pharmaceutical clinical trials.
There is a continued need within research and development organisations, particularly in the chemical and biological fields, to be able to identify individual samples undergoing preparation or analysis. In the pharmaceutical industry, these samples generally take the form of clinical, biological or chemical samples. The growing trend towards automation of sample preparation and assay within the pharmaceutical industry to satisfy new drug discovery, evaluation and clinical trial programmes, greatly increase the needs to identify unique samples accurately and rapidly.
Clinical trial studies, such as metabolism and toxicity studies, are used to aid development of potential drug candidates. These studies must comply with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and other regulatory requirements to satisfy national authorities where registration of the new drug is sought. In many cases, additional compliance requirements, such as Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), must also be satisfied.
The processing, storing and handling of sample data, particularly of clinical trials samples, requires careful control to ensure data quality and security. It is now common practice within the pharmaceutical industry to attach textual and/or bar coded labels to clinical trial samples to identify them via a unique bar coded identifier. Whilst the use of bar codes has greatly improved the speed and accuracy of sample identification compared to sample identification based solely on visual text recognition, such processes are still time consuming and prone to errors. Considerable time is required to scan, and often re-scan, individual bar coded samples into databases, prior to any sample preparation or assay. The 'line of sight' also imposes restrictions on the speed and accuracy of reading. These restrictions on readability often lead to samples being manually entered into databases, thereby introducing more errors and time delays into the process.
The Applicants have now devised a method for identifying and recording samples which address the aforementioned problems associated with conventional, bar coded techniques. The method involves the attachment of a RFID tag to a sample container, the RFID tag having a memory structure which allows for large amounts of information to be stored thereon. The memory structure can be arranged such that parts of the memory are read-only, other parts are read/write and further parts are encrypted and password protectable. Transfer of information to or from the memory is readily achievable by the use of a reader that is typically remote from the sample container. The use of such readers thus eliminates the 'line of sight' requirement described above for barcodes and minimises the need for any manual handling. In further aspects, the reader can be arranged to simultaneously read and write to the memory of multiple RFID tags on multiple sample containers. The invention may be used alone or in combination with existing identification systems, such as barcode and textual identifiers.
A principal advantage of the present invention is the ability to store many types of information in different parts of the memory structure of the RFID tag. The information could, for example, include clinical trial compliance information written to the memory at various time points in the trial process, thereby providing a detailed and readily accessible sample history of the clinical trial sample. The information could also include a unique serial number stored in encrypted form or in a password protectable part of the memory that uniquely identifies the sample container.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,963,136 describes an interactive prescription compliance and life safety system which provides remote and on site verification of procedures related to the health status of a patient, including the taking of medicines. One element of this system is the use of a RFID tag attached to a vial containing a drug prescribed by a medical practitioner.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,771,657 describes an automatic prescription dispensing and packaging system whereby empty prescription bottles are labelled and loaded in assigned locations in a carrier. The carriers are identified by use of a RFID tag and associated reader.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a sample container comprising a retainer for retaining a sample; and a radiofrequency identifier comprising an antenna for transmitting or receiving radiofrequency energy; an integrated circuit chip connecting with the antenna; and a carrier for the radiofrequency identifier; wherein the radiofrequency identifier is on the carrier and the carrier connects to the retainer.
The radiofrequency identifier can be any known radiofrequency identifier. Such identifiers are sometimes known as radiofrequency transponders or radiofrequency identification tags. Suitable radiofrequency identifiers include those sold by Phillips Semiconductors of the Netherlands under the trade marks Hitag and Icode, those sold by Amtech Systems Corporation of the United States of America under the trade mark Intellitag, and those sold by Texas Instruments of the United States of America under the trade mark Tagit.
In one aspect, the retainer is selected from the group consisting of tube, vial, well and microscope slide.
In another aspect, the retainer is sealable with a cap. The cap may, for example, be a screw lid cap or a snap-fit cap.
In a further aspect, the retainer comprises material selected from the group consisting of glass, organic polymer and metal.
In one aspect, the antenna is capable of transmitting or receiving radiofrequency energy having a frequency of 50 KHz to 2.5 GHz. The ultra high frequency (UHF) spectrum falls within this range. Preferably the antenna is adapted to transmit or receive radiofrequency energy having a frequency of 125 KHz. More preferably, the antenna is adapted to transmit or receive radiofrequency energy having a frequency of 13.56 MHz. Most preferably, the antenna is adapted to transmit or receive radiofrequency energy having a frequency of 2.4 GHz.
In another aspect, the radiofrequency identifier is adhesively mountable on the sample container. The carrier may, for example, be mounted on the sample container by use of an appropriate adhesive. The adhesive should be resistant to the temperature and pressure extremes (such as freezing, boiling, autoclaving) which the sample containers may be exposed to. Similarly, the RFID tag must be capable of functioning following exposure to high/low temperatures and pressures; typically the tags will operate following sterilisation in an oven (220� Celsius) or an autoclave (135� Celsius at 3 bar with direct exposure to saturated steam) and/or freezing at −200� Celsius during cold storage and/or sample preparation in liquid nitrogen. Preferably, the carrier is a rigid disc. More preferably, the carrier is a flexible label. Most preferably the carrier is a ring. Optionally, the carrier is mouldable to the retainer or the cap.
In a further aspect, the carrier bears a barcode thereon. The use of a barcode offers an additional means of identification. The RFID tags herein described may be used in combination and/or integrated with other traditional product labelling methods including visual text, machine-readable text and dot codes.
In yet another aspect, the carrier encases the radiofrequency identifier. Preferably, the carrier forms a hermetic seal for the radiofrequency identifier. More preferably, the carrier comprises an insulating material. Most preferably, the insulating material comprises a glass material.
In one aspect, the integrated circuit chip has a read only memory area.
In another aspect, the integrated circuit chip has a write only memory area.
In a further aspect, the integrated circuit chip has a read/write memory area.
Preferably, the integrated circuit chip has a one-time programmable memory area. More preferably, the one-time programmable memory area has a unique serial number. Most preferably, the integrated circuit chip has a pre-set, non-read or writeable memory area.
In one aspect, the integrated circuit chip has plural memory areas thereon. Preferably, any memory area contains data in encrypted form. More preferably, any memory area is password protected.
In a further aspect, the integrated circuit chip has plural memory areas thereon including a read only memory area containing a unique serial number, a read/write memory area which can be made read only; and a password protected memory area containing data in encrypted form.
In another aspect, the sample container retains a biological sample.
Preferably, the biological sample is for use in studies selected from the group consisting of clinical trials, pharmacokinetic studies, metabolism studies, toxicity studies and environmental fate studies.
More preferably, the biological sample is derived from material selected from the group consisting of water, soil, prion, virus, fungus, alga, bacterium, insect, nematode, fish, reptile, plant, bird, mammal and human.
More preferably, the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of blood, plasma, urine, cerebral spinal fluid, faeces, cell and tissue. Most preferably, the biological sample is selected from the group consisting of protein, peptide, amino acid, antibody, carbohydrate, oligosaccharide, lipid, glycolipid, glyceride, polynucleotide, oligonucleotide and nucleotide.
In a further aspect, the sample container retains a chemical sample.
Preferably, the chemical sample is for use in an analytical assay or synthesis reaction.
Preferably, the chemical sample is a drug candidate.
Optionally, the chemical sample is an agrochemical. Preferably, the agrochemical is selected from the group consisting of herbicide, insecticide, fungicide, rodenticide, nematocide, acaracide and plant growth regulator.
Optionally, the chemical sample is a marking material. Preferably, the marking material is selected from the group consisting of toner, ink, dye, pigment, acid and alkali.
Optionally, the chemical sample is a light-sensitive material.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for identifying a sample container comprising a sample container according to the present invention; a carrier for supporting the sample container; and a reader for reading data from the radiofrequency identifier by transmitting radiofrequency energy thereto and receiving radiofrequency energy therefrom.
In one aspect, the system comprises a plurality of sample containers supported within a carrier wherein the reader is capable of reading each radiofrequency identifier separately by differentiating between individual radiofrequency identifiers within the same antenna field.
Preferably, the carrier is selected from the group consisting of rack, carousel, array, micro well plate, square well plate, collection plate and tube block.
In another aspect, the reader is capable of reading multiple radiofrequency identifiers simultaneously by differentiating between individual radiofrequency identifiers within the same antenna field.
In a further aspect, the system additionally comprises a writer for writing data to the radiofrequency identifier by transmitting radiofrequency energy thereto. Preferably the writer forms part of the reader, which is thus a 'reader/writer'. More preferably, the reader/writer is capable of writing to multiple radiofrequency identifiers simultaneously by differentiating between individual radiofrequency identifiers within the same antenna field. Advantages of such a capability are both speed and the reduction in transcription errors.
In one aspect, the reader is capable of reading and/or writing to one or more radiofrequency identifiers simultaneously at low temperature within the range of 4� Celsius to −200� Celsius. Preferably, the temperature is in the range of −15� Celsius to −25� Celsius. More preferably, the temperature is in the range of −75� Celsius to −85� Celsius. Reading of, and writing to, the radiofrequency tag can therefore be conducted in a cold environment, such as a freezer or cold room.
In another aspect, the reader is connectable to a sample preparation device and the data are producible from the device. Preferably, the device is selected from the group consisting of weighing scales, solid dispensing system and liquid dispensing system.
In a further aspect, the system additionally comprises transferring the data from the reader to an electronic data management system comprising a memory for storage of data; a microprocessor for performing operations on said data; and a signal output for outputting a signal relating to the data or the outcome of an operation on the data.
Preferably, the electronic data management system is separate to the reader. More preferably the data are transferable from the reader to the electronic data management system via a public access or private access network computer system. The information can therefore be transferred from the reader to the electronic data management system via the Internet or a secure Intranet. Preferably the data are in encrypted form.
Optionally, the electronic data management system forms part of the reader.
Preferably, the electronic data management system forms part of a robotics system. More preferably, the robotics system employs an antenna to locate the position of the sample container according to the present invention. In another aspect, the system additionally comprises a data input system for user input of data to the electronic data management system. Preferably, the data input system comprises a man-machine interface. More preferably, the system additionally comprises a display for display of data from the electronic data management system to the user.
It is envisaged that data can be continuously read from sample containers within a controlled environment, such as a cold room or freezer, to determine their identity. These data could, for example, be combined with ongoing assay results which are continuously monitored within the controlled environment, such as chemical stability data, to record the assay data with time. The data could then be transferred to the electronic data management system via the Internet or a secure intranet.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kit of parts comprising a sample container according to the present invention and a reader capable of reading and/or writing to each radiofrequency identifier separately or simultaneously by differentiating between individual radiofrequency identifiers within the same antenna field.
In a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a reader to identify individual sample containers according to the present invention within the same antenna field by transmitting radiofrequency energy thereto and by receiving radiofrequency energy therefrom.
Embodiments of systems according to the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
The first block 122 contains unique tag identifiers such as serial numbers and any details specified by the purchaser, this information being in a read-only format and being encoded on the tag at the time of manufacture such that this information cannot be altered once set.
The second block 123 permits write access conditions to be determined for the third and fourth blocks, 124 and 125, respectively, for example to allow read and write access to the remaining blocks. This block may be considered a 'secret area' in that access requires mutual authentication and enciphered data communications are used in this area. The second block 123 may be made read-only once information has been written to it; i.e. it may become one-time programmable.
The third block 124 enables special functionality to be written to the fourth block 125, for example to set encryption capabilities within this block 125.
The fourth block 125 can be considered to be a 'user' or 'public' area in that it may be programmed, by block two 123, such that information may be read from or written to it. This is generally the format in operation, information being read from and written to this area. Access can be password protected and data may be in encrypted format to enhance security.
In use, information from block one 122 (e.g. the unique serial number) will generally be used to identify the tag. Identification data (e.g. patient name, sex, age) will be transmitted from a writer (not shown) to block four 125, where it can stored and accessed by a reader (not shown). Additional sample information data, such as date stamps/original sample weight or volume, may also be written to this area. Thus specific samples can be identified from the RFID tag throughout the lifetime of the sample; for example, from initial sampling to final chemical analysis. Any data generated on a particular sample can be transferred to an electronic database (not shown) where they will be specifically identified against the unique identifier on the RFID tag. The electronic database may, for example, be a personal computer or form part of a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) and/or electronic inventory system.
The robotic arm 472 is free to rotate 360 degrees around its axis, thereby accessing workstations and/or peripheral devices 460 to 465. RFID tags 420 are attached to sample containers 410 within rack 450. The robotic arm can move the rack 450 to each of the workstations and/or peripheral devices 460–465 in order that different operations are carried out on the samples within each sample container 410.
In the example shown in
It may be appreciated that any of the parts of the invention herein described which contact the sample (such as a chemical, biological or medical sample) may be coated with materials such as fluoropolymer materials which reduce the tendency of the sample to adhere thereto. Suitable fluoropolymers include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and fluoroethylene propylene (FEP).
It will be understood that the present disclosure is for the purpose of illustration only and the invention extends to modifications, variations and improvements thereto.
The application of which this description and claims form part may be used as a basis for priority in respect of any subsequent application. The claims of such subsequent application may be directed to any feature or combination of features described therein. They may take the form of product, method or use claims and may include, by way of example and without limitation, one or more of the following claims:
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|Apparatus and method for error detection and correction in radio frequency identification device
|29 Jul 1994
|13 May 1997
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Information management and security system
|9 Sep 1994
|28 Oct 1997
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Radio frequency identification tag
|28 Jul 1995
|13 Jan 1998
|Caire Inc.
|Sensing and communications system for use with oxygen delivery apparatus
|27 Nov 1996
|26 May 1998
|Aradigm Corporation
|Method and apparatus for releasing a controlled amount of aerosol medication over a selectable time interval
|7 Jun 1995
|23 Jun 1998
|Ontogen Corporation
|Methods and apparatus for synthesizing labeled combinatorial chemistrylibraries
|7 May 1996
|30 Jun 1998
|Merck Medco Managed Care, Inc.
|Automatic prescription filling, sorting and packaging system
|12 Nov 1996
|30 Jun 1998
|Base Ten Systems, Inc.
|Pharmaceutical recordkeeping system
|5 Sep 1995
|7 Jul 1998
|Gay Freres, Vente Et Exportation S.A.
|Device for associating test tube samples with electronic labels for storage of identifying data
|15 Apr 1996
|11 Aug 1998
|Solid State Farms, Inc.
|Radio frequency spectral analysis for in-vitro or in-vivo environments
|12 Jul 1996
|18 Aug 1998
|Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc.
|Method and apparatus using a device description for a conventional device
|6 Jan 1997
|1 Sep 1998
|Senetics, Inc.
|Indicator device responsive to axial force
|10 Oct 1995
|22 Sep 1998
|Medtrac Technologies, Inc.
|Electronic medication chronolog device
|25 Apr 1997
|29 Sep 1998
|Aradigm Corporation
|Delivery of aerosol medication for inspiration
|19 Aug 1996
|13 Oct 1998
|Pharmacopeia, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for reading bar coded tubular members such as cylindrical vials
|25 May 1995
|3 Nov 1998
|Base Ten Systems, Inc.
|Pharmaceutical recordkeeping system with labelling for manufacturing raw materials
|29 May 1997
|1 Dec 1998
|Johnson & Johnson Vision Products, Inc.
|Production line tracking and quality control system
|12 Mar 1996
|5 Jan 1999
|Single Chips Systems Corp.
|Method and apparatus for radiofrequency identification tags
|3 Oct 1995
|23 Feb 1999
|Remotely programmable matrices with memories
|26 Aug 1996
|23 Feb 1999
|Palomar Technologies Corporation
|Electronic anti-shoplifting system employing an RFID tag
|26 Jun 1996
|6 Apr 1999
|Par Government Systems Corporation
|Sensing with active electronic tags
|16 Dec 1997
|27 Apr 1999
|At&T Corp
|Security monitoring system and method
|3 Oct 1997
|6 Jul 1999
|Medrad, Inc.
|Closed loop information path for medical fluid delivery systems
|24 Jul 1998
|21 Sep 1999
|Checkpoint Systems, Inc.
|Low noise signal generator for use with an RFID system
|24 Jul 1998
|28 Sep 1999
|Checkpoint Systems, Inc.
|Optical interface between receiver and tag response signal analyzer in RFID system for detecting low power resonant tags
|30 Sep 1996
|5 Oct 1999
|Matrices with memories and uses thereof
|22 Sep 1997
|5 Oct 1999
|Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
|Apparatus for synthesis of multiple organic compounds with pinch valve block
|15 Jul 1998
|5 Oct 1999
|O'brien; Charles Terrence
|Interactive prescription compliance and life safety system
|9 Sep 1997
|5 Oct 1999
|Accumed International, Inc.
|Specimen management system
|21 Aug 1997
|26 Oct 1999
|Intermec Ip Corp.
|Method of making a radio frequency identification tag
|23 Apr 1997
|9 Nov 1999
|Pharmaseq, Inc.
|Screening of soluble chemical compounds for their pharmacological properties utilizing transponders
|11 Sep 1998
|16 Nov 1999
|Brady Worldwide, Inc.
|RFID tag holder for non-RFID tag
|21 Nov 1997
|14 Dec 1999
|Bandy; William R.
|System and method for electronic inventory
|10 Sep 1998
|28 Dec 1999
|Xerox Corporation
|Selectively enabled electronic tags
|6 Sep 1996
|25 Jan 2000
|Matrices with memories and uses thereof
|23 Jun 1998
|25 Jan 2000
|Motorola, Inc.
|Radio frequency identification tag having a printed antenna and method
|25 Jul 1997
|15 Feb 2000
|Checkpoint Systems, Inc.
|RFID tags which are virtually activated and/or deactivated and apparatus and methods of using same in an electronic security system
|5 Oct 1998
|7 Mar 2000
|Glaxo Group Limited
|Inhalation device
|12 Mar 1998
|21 Mar 2000
|Motorola, Inc.
|Radio frequency identification tag arranged for magnetically storing tag state information
|27 May 1998
|21 Mar 2000
|Sarnoff Corporation
|Locating system and method employing radio frequency tags
|26 Jan 1998
|4 Apr 2000
|Pharmaseq, Inc.
|Method of determining the sequence of nucleic acids employing solid-phase particles carrying transponders
|24 Mar 1997
|11 Apr 2000
|Northrop Grumman Corporation
|Monitor tag with patch antenna
|9 Dec 1996
|18 Apr 2000
|Pharmaseq, Inc.
|Multiplex assay for nucleic acids employing transponders
|25 Nov 1996
|20 Jun 2000
|Schlumberger Technologies, Inc.
|Apparatus for carrying semiconductor devices
|15 Oct 1998
|14 Nov 2000
|Intermec Ip Corporation
|Wireless memory device
|10 Apr 1998
|21 Nov 2000
|Medtrac Technologies, Inc.
|Electronic medication chronolog device
|23 Apr 1999
|20 Mar 2001
|Medtrac Technologies, Inc.
|Electronic monitoring medication apparatus and method
|3 Nov 1998
|10 Jul 2001
|Telaric, L.L.C.
|Multi-vial medication organizer and dispenser
|29 Dec 1999
|25 Sep 2001
|Becton, Dickinson And Company
|Systems and methods for monitoring patient compliance with medication regimens
|18 Oct 1999
|5 Feb 2002
|Coulter International Corp.
|Specimen carrier for automated transport system and method and apparatus for identifying same
|12 Nov 1998
|2 Apr 2002
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Manufacturing reference database
|4 Feb 2002
|15 Jul 2003
|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Method in an integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing process for identifying and redirecting IC's mis-processed during their manufacture
|17 Dec 2002
|4 May 2004
|Joseph L. McFarland, Jr.
|Portable, handheld, pneumatic driven medicinal nebulizer
|21 Mar 2002
|4 May 2004
|Trudell Medical International
|Indicating device for aerosol container
|21 Feb 2001
|4 Jan 2005
|Smithkline Beecham Corporation
|Compliance tracking method
|25 May 2001
|28 Feb 2002
|Nicolas Bara
|Refrigerated cabinet for storing biological articles equipped with means for controlling the cabinet contents
|5 Oct 2001
|29 Aug 2002
|Corless Anthony Robert
|Radiofrequency encoded chemical library synthesis particles method
|29 Aug 2002
|26 Dec 2002
|Honda Canada Incorporated
|Assembly line control system
|21 Feb 2001
|16 Jan 2003
|Godfrey James William
|Medicament dispenser
|12 Mar 2002
|3 Apr 2003
|Tarara Thomas E.
|Engineered particles and methods of use
|8 Dec 2000
|1 May 2003
|Bonney Stanley George
|Medicament dispenser
|11 Jul 2001
|2 Oct 2003
|Brand Peter John
|Medicament dispenser
|8 Dec 2000
|12 Feb 2004
|Davies Michael Birsha
|Medicament dispenser
|25 May 1996
|27 Nov 1997
|Nonnenmacher Klaus
|System for identification, handling and recording of medical samples
|9 Nov 1998
|7 Jan 1999
|Bartec Componenten & Syst Gmbh
|1 Sep 1999
|16 Dec 1999
|Schulze Siegfried
|Vorrichtung zur Aufnahme und/oder Behandlung von fl�ssigen Laborproben
|28 Jul 1993
|9 Mar 1994
|Hughes Microelectronics Europa Limited
|Collar transponder
|22 Sep 1994
|29 Mar 1995
|Becton Dickinson and Company
|Automatic sample preparation and loading apparatus
|22 Dec 1995
|21 Aug 1996
|International Computers Limited
|Electronic identification system
|21 Sep 1995
|30 Jul 1997
|Rohm Co., Ltd.
|Non-contact type ic card and method of manufacturing same
|24 Sep 1997
|25 Mar 1998
|Flying Null Limited
|Magnetic markers
|16 Dec 1997
|15 Jul 1998
|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|Encryption for modulated backscatter systems
|5 Mar 1993
|19 Aug 1998
|Pfu Limited
|Versatile production system and methods for operating same
|28 Jul 1998
|3 Feb 1999
|Grupo Grifols, S.A.
|Universal apparatus for clinical analysis
|31 Mar 1999
|6 Oct 1999
|Omron Corporation
|A data carrier and a production method for the same
|9 Nov 1999
|17 May 2000
|BARTEC Componenten und Systeme GmbH
|Sampling bottle
|Title not available
|3 Apr 1996
|10 Oct 1996
|Scient Generics Ltd
|Spatial magnetic interrogation
|Finkenheller, RFID Handbuch, Carl Hanser Vertag, Munich, pp. 1, 9-10, 14-17, 155-182, and 248-250, (Jan. 1998). Note: pp. 14-17, 157-164, and 248 have been translated into English.
|Grunert, Ultrakust BARTAG, BARTEC Logistic Management, Schulstrasse 30, D-94239 Gotteszell, 1 page (1999).
|Grunert, Ultrakust BARTAG, BARTEC Logistic Management, Schulstrasse 30, D-94239 Gotteszell, 6 pages (2000).
|Ultrakust Laborsystem, BARTEC Logistic Management, Schulstrasse 30, D-94239 Gotteszell, 1 page (1998).
|Ultrakust, BARTEC Logistic Management, Schulstrasse 30, D-94239 Gotteszell, 1 page (1998).
|Ultrakust, BARTEC Logistic Management, Schulstrasse 30, D-94239 Gotteszell, 2 pages (1998).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|19 Mar 2004
|6 Mar 2007
|Applera Corporation
|Methods and systems for using RFID in biological field
|11 Jul 2001
|20 Mar 2007
|Glaxo Group Limited
|Medicament dispenser
|1 Oct 2001
|21 Aug 2007
|Sgt Exploitatie B.V.
|Sample vial with transponder
|13 Mar 2003
|25 Mar 2008
|Oce Printing Systems Gmbh
|Method, device systems and computer programs for producing and tracing printed documents with a determinate identifier
|25 Apr 2005
|1 Apr 2008
|Ambartsoumian Gourgen
|Low temperature radio frequency identification tracking system
|22 Mar 2005
|3 Jun 2008
|Applera Corporation
|Sample carrier device incorporating radio frequency identification, and method
|20 Jan 2006
|26 May 2009
|Savi Technology, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for capacitive sensing of door position
|31 Aug 2007
|23 Feb 2010
|Savi Technology, Inc.
|Method and apparatus using magnetic flux for container security
|3 Nov 2005
|5 Oct 2010
|Savi Technology, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for monitoring an environmental condition with a tag
|19 Mar 2007
|26 Oct 2010
|Glaxo Group Limited
|Medicament dispenser
|14 Aug 2007
|21 Dec 2010
|Avery Dennison Corporation
|RFID tag
|30 Jun 2008
|1 Feb 2011
|Applied Biosystems, Llc
|Methods and systems for using RFID in biological field
|26 Jan 2011
|1 Nov 2011
|Applied Biosystems, Llc
|Methods and systems for using RFID in biological field
|27 Mar 2008
|17 Jan 2012
|Rexam Healthcare Packaging Inc.
|Attachment of an RFID tag to a container
|15 Jul 2005
|4 Sep 2012
|Savi Technology, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for control or monitoring of a container
|14 Aug 2006
|1 Jan 2013
|Coldtrack, Llc
|Hierarchical sample storage system
|26 May 2010
|19 Feb 2013
|Biotillion, Llc
|Two-dimensional antenna configuration
|5 Oct 2011
|19 Mar 2013
|Applied Biosystems, Llc
|Methods and systems for using RFID in biological field
|25 Mar 2009
|23 Jul 2013
|Fujitsu Limited
|Reading device, computer program product and reading system
|26 Jun 2008
|6 Aug 2013
|Avonwood Developments Ltd
|RFID monitoring system
|23 Feb 2006
|17 Dec 2013
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Memory-tag data authentication
|29 Nov 2012
|4 Mar 2014
|Applied Biosystems, Llc
|Methods and systems for using RFID in biological field
|13 Sep 2012
|11 Mar 2014
|Applied Biosystems, Llc
|Methods and systems for using RFID in biological field
|29 Nov 2012
|11 Mar 2014
|Applied Biosystems, Llc
|Methods and systems for using RFID in biological field
|19 May 2010
|15 Apr 2014
|Applied Biosystems, Llc
|Sequencing system with memory
|16 Jan 2006
|13 May 2014
|Pari Pharma Gmbh
|Inhalation treatment device and method for the operation thereof
|26 Nov 2012
|7 Oct 2014
|Biotillion, Llc
|Hierarchical sample storage system
|14 Feb 2011
|28 Oct 2014
|Biotillion, Llc
|Tracking biological and other samples using RFID tags
|16 May 2007
|4 Nov 2014
|Gt Angel, Llc
|Healthcare workstations and RFID devices for detecting medication errors
|24 Jan 2014
|28 Apr 2015
|Applied Biosystems, Llc
|Methods and systems for using RFID in biological field
|21 Apr 2009
|7 Jul 2015
|Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation
|Automatic analyzer
|1 Oct 2001
|5 Aug 2004
|Van Der Maas Marinus Frans
|Sample vial with transponder
|13 Mar 2003
|18 Aug 2005
|Oce Printing Systems Gmbh
|Method, device systems and computer programs for producing and tracing printed documents with a determinate identifier
|19 Mar 2004
|22 Sep 2005
|Applera Corporation
|Methods and systems for using RFID in biological field
|25 Apr 2005
|10 Nov 2005
|Gougen Ambartsoumian
|Low temperature radio frequency identification tracking system
|23 Feb 2006
|21 Sep 2006
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Memory tags with write only memory and reader devices and methods of use therefor
|5 Nov 2004
|26 Apr 2007
|Arthur Zwingenberger
|System for management of processed instruments
|24 May 2005
|20 Sep 2007
|Lansdowne David C
|Identification of Biological Samples
|7 Jun 2007
|9 Oct 2008
|Vijay Yadav
|Laminate device having voided structure for carrying electronic element, such as label for rfid tag
|25 Mar 2009
|1 Oct 2009
|Fujitsu Limited
|Reading device, computer program product and reading system
|15 Dec 2005
|11 Feb 2010
|Dynamic Systems Gmbh
|Container with Transponder
|26 Jun 2008
|30 Dec 2010
|Avonwood Developments Limited
|rfid monitoring system
|16 Sep 2010
|6 Jan 2011
|Life Technologies Corporation
|Sample carrier device incorporating radio frequency identification, and method
|14 Aug 2013
|19 Feb 2015
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Detecting water intrusion in electronic devices
|4 Nov 2014
|19 Feb 2015
|Gt Angel, Llc
|Healthcare workstations and rfid devices for detecting medication errors, falls and wandering
|U.S. Classification
|340/572.8, 235/375, 235/492, 340/10.51
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|8 May 2006
Owner name: GLAXO GROUP LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BIDDLECOMBE, ROBERT ANTHONY;VEITCH, JEFFREY DOUGLAS;REEL/FRAME:017585/0974;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060503 TO 20060504
|22 Jan 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|28 Jan 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
Pumpkins delight at festival in Rochester Hills
7:57 PM, Oct. 12, 2013
Email this article
Pumpkins delight at festival in Rochester Hills
Organizers hope to place 1,500 carved pumpkins on the Van Hoosen Farm's stone wall in Rochester Hills tonight for the second half of the festival, when people return in the evening to see the
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October 25, 2012
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All Comments (11)
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Scott Coyle
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Michael R Miller
RE: Thanks!
You are more than welcome, my Dad's relatives are from the area too. Glad i could take the pics for you.
Added by
Michael R Miller
on Sep 30, 2015 8:22 AM
RE: Thanks!
Your welcome :)
Added by
on Sep 30, 2015 6:49 AM
Robin Slater Boyd
RE: Hi Scott
Thanks! I didn't think it was right and you knew everyone around there :) Knew you would get it :)
Added by
Robin Slater Boyd
on Jul 31, 2015 4:01 PM
Robin Slater Boyd
Hi Scott
Hey when you get a minute check out Find A Grave 99496806 Lois has it listed as a Marshall and I took pics for you to see but all the other Marshall graves are different. Is this one related at all or does he have the wrong last name connected to him. Thanks! Robin Slater Boyd
Added by
Robin Slater Boyd
on Jul 31, 2015 2:12 PM
G Man
Added by
G Man
on Jul 30, 2015 6:02 PM
Ruth Van Alstine
Thank you
Thanks for the info. I have most of that, but it was nice to have your break-down of the censuses. I appreciate that addition. I wish there was more clear-cut documentation of Jeremiah, but such is life! Thanks again!
Added by
Ruth Van Alstine
on Jul 29, 2015 6:38 PM
Ruth Van Alstine
Simeon Walling and family
I see that you have entered many Find A Grave entries for this Walling family. They are my direct ancestors. Would you share with me the documentation you have for Simeon's parents? I have been trying to get good documentation, but to no avail so far. Other information on the family of Simeon's siblings and ancestors are of interest to me. You list Jeremiah and his wife with memorial pages, but not where they were actually buried. Can you shed any other light on these burials? Thank you so much Ruth Van Alstine
Added by
Ruth Van Alstine
on Jul 29, 2015 9:36 AM
Robin Slater Boyd
Hi Scott
Could the birth date be wrong on this one? I upload a pic with dates Find A Grave # 19981495
Thanks! Robin Slater Boyd
Added by
Robin Slater Boyd
on Jul 27, 2015 7:00 PM
Rosemary C.
RE: Thanks!
You're welcome.
Added by
Rosemary C.
on Jul 05, 2015 6:16 PM
Nancy Ritter Rau
RE: Benjamin Lyman Cooper
Thank you for linking Benjamin with his mother.
Added by
Nancy Ritter Rau
on Jun 07, 2015 2:02 AM
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Lobster season log, day 1
Likely to be good season
Jimi Olsen 7:30 p.m., Oct. 9
I got this tattoo because of a friend of mine that survived a brain tumor. It represents our friendship and how i would do anything for her. I got this done by a friend of mine named Kandi. She does all of my tattoos. I am 25 years old and i work security at a bar downtown.
February 26, 2014


text:
"Raising the retirement age would inflict further hardship among a group of workers who are likely to face health and economic problems in their 60s." –Doug Hart, President, Arizona Alliance for Retired Americans
May is Older Americans Month
Honoring the contributions of older Americans across the nation, President Obama proclaimed the Older Americans Month theme this year is "Connecting the Community." The President acknowledges how social media and new technology allow seniors to remain actively engaged in their communities and connected to their far-away friends and families well into their later years. The proclamation also relates to seniors' health care.


text:
POCATELLO — Residents of Pocatello now have another way to connect with city government.
The new City of Pocatello app allows users to find City department information, contact city officials, watch past City Council meetings, read the Mayor's Newsletter and more.
"We're constantly looking for new ways to engage with the citizens of Pocatello and this app just offers another way to do that," said Chris Sorensen Chief Information Officer for the City of Pocatello.
The app is available for both Apple and Android devices in the iTunes App Store and Google Play.


text:
Dean Skelos
Sponsored By
Former State Senate Leader Skelos' Daughter Arrested In Quarrel At HomeThe daughter-in-law of former state Senate leader Dean Skelos has been arrested following a fight at her Long Island home.
Due To Charges, Ex-Speaker Silver Declines To Report Outside IncomeFormer New York Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver has declined to report his outside income on a state disclosure form, citing federal charges that he collected nearly $4 million in kickbacks.
Dean Skelos, Son Plead Not Guilty In Corruption CaseAn indictment levels conspiracy and extortion charges against Dean Skelos, 67, and his son, Adam, 32.
Ex-NY Senate Leader Dean Skelos, Son Indicted On Corruption ChargesDean Skelos was New York state's most powerful Republican when he was arrested on conspiracy and extortion charges.
NY Senate Majority Leader Dean Skelos Resigns Leadership PostState Senate Leader Dean Skelos has stepped down from his leadership post Monday following his arrest on corruption charges, CBS2's Marcia Kramer reports.
N.Y. Senate Democrats To Try Again To Force Skelos Out Of LeadershipDemocratic lawmakers in Albany will try again to oust state Senate Leader Dean Skelos, following his arrest on federal corruption charges.
Skelos Survives Attempted Ousting By Democrats After ArrestThe lawmakers failed in an attempt Wednesday to force a vote on removing Senate Leader Dean Skelos of Rockville Centre.
Skelos Stays On As State Senate Leader Amid Corruption ChargesNew York state Senate leader Dean Skelos has held onto power following corruption charges, even as some fellow Republicans have said he should step down as leader to avoid a political distraction.
New York State Senate Leader Dean Skelos, Son Surrender In Federal ProbeNew York State Senate Majority Leader Dean Skelos has surrendered to face charges including extortion and soliciting bribes amid a federal investigation into the awarding of a $12 million contract to a company that hired his son.
Report: Skelos Arrest Expected To Take Place Next WeekA published report Friday evening said New York State Senate leader Dean Skelos and his son are expected to be arrested next week.
NY Senate Leader Dean Skelos Not Resigning Amid Federal InvestigationRepublican Dean Skelos told reporters that he has hired an attorney in response to the investigation but said he had no plans to step down.
Sources: N.Y. Senate Majority Leader Dean Skelos, Son Investigated After Allegations Of Corruption"I have and will continue to cooperate with any inquiry," Skelos said in a statement Thursday.


text:
No matter how famous you were before, you always start your career in the Russian Mafia at the bottom.
Don't knock it…on a straightaway that scooter will do a good 8 miles an hour.
Bond. Lames Bond.
Queue Benny Hill music.
I'm pretty sure he's intentionally baiting us at this point.
Later he chased a bear on bicycle, and then he and 15 of his friends climbed out of a VW Bug.
There's an "in Soviet Russia" joke here somewhere.
Dude! Dude! Your fez blew off! One of the other guys might run it over!
That is one of the best impressions of the French army, circa 1940, that I have ever seen.
This is how we defeated the Decepticons.
The taxes may be lower in Russia, but the scooters were bigger in France.
Oswald Chesterfield Cobblepot
Where did he get that bike , Toys R Uski?
vern troyer says "lol".
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There is going to be one upset teenage girl when she finishes shopping at Old Navy and finds out Gerard Depardieu stole her moped.
"Gentlemen, had I been in charge of the retreat of 1812, I'd have fled Moscow not on any namby pampy horse but in style!"
He sure got knocked down a peg or two on the scooter ladder.
I miss Chris Farley
…they finally got that bear shaved and in a suit.


text:
Built in 1945!
Some nose-gear detail of this old Cessna from 1970. New registration in JP database.
Resting on the ramp in the last light of the day.
Nice multi purpose aircraft, for water and land. New in JP database.
New in JP database.
Returning from the bush.
The characteristic nose of the Curtiss C-46F Commando.
This great plane was built in 1979 and is still hauling cargo in Northern Canada. Nowadays flying for Summit Air. The de Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo is a short takeoff and landing (STOL) utilit... (more)
Air Tindi about to land runway 16 with one of their DHC-7's.
Arriving from Fort-Smith.