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Superconducting wire and cable for RHIC
Garber, M.; Ghosh, A.K.; Greene, A.; McChesney, D.; Morgillo, A.; Shah, R. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States); DelRe, S.; Epstein, G.; Hong, S.; Lichtenwalner, J. [Oxford Superconducting Technology, Carteret, NJ (United States)] [and others
The superconducting dipole and quadrupole magnets in the RHIC accelerator ring are to be fabricated from 30-strand superconducting cable. The RHIC wire has a diameter of 0.65 mm, copper-to-superconductor ratio of 2.25, filament diameter of 6 {mu}m and high critical current density. Primary emphasis during manufacturing has been on uniformity of materials, processes and performance. Near final results are presented on a production program which has extended over two years. Measured parameters are described which are important for design of superconducting accelerator magnets.
For low T, multifilamentary conductors like NbTi and Nb{sub 3}Sn, the V-I transition to the normal state is typically quantified by the parameter, n, defined by ({rho}/{rho}{sub c})= (I/I{sub c}){sup n}. For NbTi, this parameterization has been very useful in the development of high Jc wires, where the n-value is regarded as an index of the filament quality. In copper-matrix wires with undistorted filaments, the n-value at 5T is {approx} 40-60, and drops monotonically with increasing field. However, n can vary significantly in conductors with higher resistivity matrices and those with a low copper fraction. Usually high n-values are associated with unstable resistive behavior and premature quenching. The n-value in NbTi Rutherford cables, when compared to that in the wires is useful in evaluating cabling degradation of the critical current due to compaction at the edges of the cable. In Nb{sub 3}Sn wires, n-value has been a less useful tool, since often the resistive transition shows small voltages {approx} a few {mu}V prior to quenching. However, in ''well behaved'' wires, n is {approx} 30-40 at 12T and also shows a monotonic behavior with field. Strain induced I{sub c} degradation in these wires is usually associated with lower n-values. For high T{sub c} multifilamentary wires and tapes, a similar power law often describes the resistive transition. At 4.2K, Bi-2223 tapes as well as Bi-2212 wires exhibit n-values {approx} 15-20. In either case, n does not change appreciably with field. Rutherford cables of Bi-2212 wire show lower values of n than the virgin wire.
Log of a young author's thinking: George W. Cable's "Drop Shot".
Sinitiere, Autry James
. . t 1974 Major Subject: English LOG OF A YOUNG AUTHOR'S THINKING: GEORGE W CABLE'S "DROP SHOT" A Thesis by AUTRY JAMES SINITIERE Approved as to style and content by: Chairman of Committe Hea of Department M er ember) August 1974 & s ~~. )$, gg... APSTRACT Log of a Young Author's Thinking: George W. Cable's "Drop Shot" (August 1974) Autry James Sinitiere, B. A. , College of Santa Fe Chairman of Advisory Committee: Dr Richard H. Ballinger In February 1870 George W. Cable began writing a * p p...
Theory of AC Loss in Cables with 2G HTS Wire
Clem, J.R.; Malozemoff, A.P.
While considerable work has been done to understand AC losses in power cables made of first generation (1G) high temperature superconductor (HTS) wires, use of second generation (2G) HTS wires brings in some new considerations. The high critical current density of the HTS layer 2G wire reduces the surface superconductor hysteretic losses. Instead, gap and polygonal losses, flux transfer losses in imbalanced two layer cables and ferromagnetic losses for wires with NiW substrates constitute the principal contributions. Current imbalance and losses associated with the magnetic substrate can be minimized by orienting the substrates of the inner winding inward and the outer winding outward.
The US market for high-temperature superconducting wire in transmission cable applications
Forbes, D.
Telephone interviews were conducted with 23 utility engineers concerning the future prospects for high-temperature superconducting (HTS) transmission cables. All have direct responsibility for transmission in their utility, most of them in a management capacity. The engineers represented their utilities as members of the Electric Power Research Institute`s Underground Transmission Task Force (which has since been disbanded). In that capacity, they followed the superconducting transmission cable program and are aware of the cryogenic implications. Nineteen of the 23 engineers stated the market for underground transmission would grow during the next decade. Twelve of those specified an annual growth rate; the average of these responses was 5.6%. Adjusting that figure downward to incorporate the remaining responses, this study assumes an average growth rate of 3.4%. Factors driving the growth rate include the difficulty in securing rights-of-way for overhead lines, new construction techniques that reduce the costs of underground transmission, deregulation, and the possibility that public utility commissions will allow utilities to include overhead costs in their rate base. Utilities have few plans to replace existing cable as preventive maintenance, even though much of the existing cable has exceeded its 40-year lifetime. Ten of the respondents said the availability of a superconducting cable with the same life-cycle costs as a conventional cable and twice the ampacity would induce them to consider retrofits. The respondents said a cable with those characteristics would capture 73% of their cable retrofits.
Hughey, Raburn L. (Franklin, GA); Sinha, Uday K. (Carrollton, GA); Reece, David S. (Carrollton, GA); Muller, Albert C. (Eidson, TN)
In order to provide a flexible oxide superconducting cable which is reduced in AC loss, tape-shaped superconducting wires covered with a stabilizing metal are wound on a flexible former. The superconducting wires are preferably laid on the former at a bending strain of not more than 0.2%. In laying on the former, a number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on a core member in a side-by-side manner, to form a first layer. A prescribed number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on top of the first layer in a side-by-side manner, to form a second layer. The former may be made of a metal, plastic, reinforced plastic, polymer, or a composite and provides flexibility to the superconducting wires and the cable formed therewith.
Hughey, Raburn L. (Franklin, GA); Sinha, Uday K. (Carrollton, GA); Reece, David S. (Carrollton, GA); Muller, Albert C. (Eidson, TN)
In order to provide a flexible oxide superconducting cable which is reduced in AC loss, tape-shaped superconducting wires covered with a stabilizing metal are wound on a flexible former. The superconducting wires are preferably laid on the former at a bending strain of not more than 0.2%. In laying on the former, a number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on a core member in a side-by-side manner, to form a first layer. A prescribed number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on top of the first layer in a side-by-side manner, to form a second layer. The former may be made of a metal, plastic, reinforced plastic, polymer, or a composite and provides flexibility to the superconducting wires and the cable formed therewith.
Allais, Arnaud (Hannover, DE); Schmidt, Frank (Langenhagen, DE
A superconductor cable includes a superconductive cable core (1) and a cryostat (2) enclosing the same. The cable core (1) has a superconductive conductor (3), an insulation (4) surrounding the same and a shielding (5) surrounding the insulation (4). A layer (3b) of a dielectric or semiconducting material is applied to a central element (3a) formed from a normally conducting material as a strand or tube and a layer (3c) of at least one wire or strip of superconductive material is placed helically on top. The central element (3a) and the layer (3c) are connected to each other in an electrically conducting manner at the ends of the cable core (1).
Wang, S.T.
A wire cable assembly adapted for the winding of electrical coils is taught. A primary intended use is for use in particle tube assemblies for the Superconducting Super Collider. The correction coil cables have wires collected in wire array with a center rib sandwiched therebetween to form a core assembly. The core assembly is surrounded by an assembly housing having an inner spiral wrap and a counter wound outer spiral wrap. An alternate embodiment of the invention is rolled into a keystoned shape to improve radial alignment of the correction coil cable on a particle tube in a particle tube assembly. 7 figs.
High Temperature Superconducting Underground Cable
Farrell, Roger, A.
The purpose of this Project was to design, build, install and demonstrate the technical feasibility of an underground high temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable installed between two utility substations. In the first phase two HTS cables, 320 m and 30 m in length, were constructed using 1st generation BSCCO wire. The two 34.5 kV, 800 Arms, 48 MVA sections were connected together using a superconducting joint in an underground vault. In the second phase the 30 m BSCCO cable was replaced by one constructed with 2nd generation YBCO wire. 2nd generation wire is needed for commercialization because of inherent cost and performance benefits. Primary objectives of the Project were to build and operate an HTS cable system which demonstrates significant progress towards commercial progress and addresses real world utility concerns such as installation, maintenance, reliability and compatibility with the existing grid. Four key technical areas addressed were the HTS cable and terminations (where the cable connects to the grid), cryogenic refrigeration system, underground cable-to-cable joint (needed for replacement of cable sections) and cost-effective 2nd generation HTS wire. This was the world�s first installation and operation of an HTS cable underground, between two utility substations as well as the first to demonstrate a cable-to-cable joint, remote monitoring system and 2nd generation HTS.
Wang, Sou-Tien (Danville, CA)
A wire cable assembly (10, 310) adapted for the winding of electrical coils is taught. A primary intended use is for use in particle tube assemblies (532) for the superconducting super collider. The correction coil cables (10, 310) have wires (14, 314) collected in wire arrays (12, 312) with a center rib (16, 316) sandwiched therebetween to form a core assembly (18, 318 ). The core assembly (18, 318) is surrounded by an assembly housing (20, 320) having an inner spiral wrap (22, 322) and a counter wound outer spiral wrap (24, 324). An alternate embodiment (410) of the invention is rolled into a keystoned shape to improve radial alignment of the correction coil cable (410) on a particle tube (733) in a particle tube assembly (732).
Chelsea Hubbard
The United States Department of Energy (DOE) continually seeks safer and more cost-effective technologies for use in deactivation and decommissioning (D&D) of nuclear facilities. The Deactivation and Decommissioning Focus Area (DDFA) of the DOE's Office of Science and Technology (OST) sponsors large-scale demonstration and deployment projects (LSDDPs). At these LSDDPs, developers and vendors of improved or innovative technologies showcase products that are potentially beneficial to the DOE's projects and to others in the D&D community. Benefits sought include decreased health and safety risks to personnel and the environment, increased productivity, and decreased costs of operation. The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) generated a list of statements defining specific needs and problems where improved technology could be incorporated into ongoing D&D tasks. One such need is to reduce the volume of waste copper wire and cable generated by D&D. Deactivation and decommissioning activities of nuclear facilities generates hundreds of tons of contaminated copper cable, which are sent to radioactive waste disposal sites. The Copper Cable Recycling Technology separates the clean copper from contaminated insulation and dust materials in these cables. The recovered copper can then be reclaimed and, more importantly, landfill disposal volumes can be reduced. The existing baseline technology for disposing radioactively contaminated cables is to package the cables in wooden storage boxes and dispose of the cables in radioactive waste disposal sites. The Copper Cable Recycling Technology is applicable to facility decommissioning projects at many Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities and commercial nuclear power plants undergoing decommissioning activities. The INEEL Copper Cable Recycling Technology Demonstration investigated the effectiveness and efficiency to recycle 13.5 tons of copper cable. To determine the effectiveness of separating out radioactive contamination, the copper cable was coated with a surrogate contaminant. The demonstration took place at the Bonneville County Technology Center in Idaho Falls, Idaho.
Fabrication and Test Results for Rutherford-Type Cables Made from BSCCO Strands
Scanlan, R.M.
Abstract - Wires based on the Bi-2212 HTS superconductor areHTS cables for accelerator magnet app lications. First, the wire
Semiconductor Bridge Cable Test
The semiconductor bridge (SCB) is an electroexplosive device used to initiate detonators. A C cable is commonly used to connect the SCB to a firing set. A series of tests were performed to identify smaller, lighter cables for firing single and multiple SCBs. This report provides a description of these tests and their results. It was demonstrated that lower threshold voltages and faster firing times can be achieved by increasing the wire size, which reduces ohmic losses. The RF 100 appears to be a reasonable substitute for C cable when firing single SCBs. This would reduce the cable volume by 68% and the weight by 67% while increasing the threshold voltage by only 22%. In general, RG 58 outperforms twisted pair when firing multiple SCBs in parallel. The RG 58's superior performance is attributed to its larger conductor size.
Insulating and sheathing materials of electric and optical cables - Common test methods - Part 5-1: Methods specific to filling compounds - Drop-point - Separation of oil - Lower temperature brittleness - Total acid number - Absence of corrosive components - Permittivity at 23 �C - DC resistivity at 23 �C and 100 �C
International Electrotechnical Commission. Geneva
Specifies the test methods for filling compounds of electric cables used with telecommunication equipment. Gives the methods for drop-point, separation of oil, lower temperature brittleness, total acid number, absence of corrosive components, permittivity at 23 �C, d.c. resistivity at 23�C and 100�C.
Allais, Arnaud; Schmidt, Frank; Marzahn, Erik
A superconductor cable is described, having a superconductive flexible cable core (1) , which is laid in a cryostat (2, 3, 4), in which the cable core (1) runs in the cryostat (2, 3, 4) in the form of a wave or helix at room temperature.
Apparatus producing constant cable tension for intermittent demand
Lauritzen, T.
This invention relates to apparatus for producing constant tension in cable or the like when it is unreeled and reeled from a drum or spool under conditions of intermittent demand. The invention is particularly applicable to the handling of superconductive cable, but the invention is also applicable to the unreeling and reeling of other strands, such as electrical cable, wire, cord, other cables, fish line, wrapping paper and numerous other materials.
Unique ORNL HTS Program Capabilities ORNL cable test facility
Unique ORNL HTS Program Capabilities ORNL cable test facility In order to achieve market acceptance is the only one in the U.S., is actively used in collaboration with U.S. superconducting wire and equipment of a commercial superconducting wire. Thorough understanding of other characteristics such as ac losses, wire
Superconducting Cable Having A Felexible Former
Hughey, Raburn L. (Franklin, GA); Sinha, Uday K. (Carrollton, GA); Reece, David S. (Carrollton, GA); Muller, Albert C. (Eidson, TN)
In order to provide a flexible oxide superconducting cable which is reduced in AC loss, tape-shaped superconducting wires covered with a stabilizing metal are wound on a flexible former. The superconducting wires are preferably laid on the former at a bending strain of not more than 0.2%. In laying on the former, a number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on a core member in a side-by-side manner, to form a first layer. A prescribed number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on top of the first layer in a side-by-side manner, to form a second layer. The former may be made of a metal, plastic, reinforced plastic, polymer, or a composite and provides flexibility to the superconducting wires and the cable formed therewith.
Superconducting Cable Having A Flexible Former
Hughey, Raburn L. (Franklin, GA); Sinha, Uday K. (Carrollton, GA); Reece, David S. (Carrollton, GA); Muller, Albert C. (Eidson, TN)
In order to provide a flexible oxide superconducting cable which is reduced in AC loss, tape-shaped superconducting wires covered with a stabilizing metal are wound on a flexible former. The superconducting wires are preferably laid on the former at a bending strain of not more than 0.2%. In laying on the former, a number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on a core member in a side-by-side manner, to form a first layer. A prescribed number of tape-shaped superconducting wires are laid on top of the first layer in a side-by-side manner, to form a second layer. The former may be made of a metal, plastic, reinforced plastic, polymer, or a composite and provides flexibility to the superconducting wires and the cable formed therewith.
Superconducting cable-in-conduit low resistance splice
Artman, Thomas A. (Forest, VA)
A low resistance splice connects two cable-in-conduit superconductors to each other. Dividing collars for arranging sub-cable units from each conduit are provided, along with clamping collars for mating each sub-cable wire assembly to form mated assemblies. The mated assemblies ideally can be accomplished by way of splicing collar. The mated assemblies are cooled by way of a flow of coolant, preferably helium. A method for implementing such a splicing is also described.
Proposal of a method for real cables EMC
Boyer, Edmond
Proposal of a method for real cables EMC modeling Olivier Maurice 23. juillet 2008 Abstract TThis paper deals with a method for the real cables EMC (ElectroMagnetic Compatibility) modeling compatibility (EMC). The objective is firstly to take into account the continuous interlacing of the wires
Commercialization of Medium Voltage HTS Triax TM Cable Systems
Knoll, David
The original project scope that was established in 2007 aimed to install a 1,700 meter (1.1 mile) medium voltage HTS Triax{TM} cable system into the utility grid in New Orleans, LA. In 2010, however, the utility partner withdrew from the project, so the 1,700 meter cable installation was cancelled and the scope of work was reduced. The work then concentrated on the specific barriers to commercialization of HTS cable technology. The modified scope included long-length HTS cable design and testing, high voltage factory test development, optimized cooling system development, and HTS cable life-cycle analysis. In 2012, Southwire again analyzed the market for HTS cables and deemed the near term market acceptance to be low. The scope of work was further reduced to the completion of tasks already started and to testing of the existing HTS cable system in Columbus, OH. The work completed under the project included: � Long-length cable modeling and analysis � HTS wire evaluation and testing � Cable testing for AC losses � Optimized cooling system design � Life cycle testing of the HTS cable in Columbus, OH � Project management. The 200 meter long HTS Triax{TM} cable in Columbus, OH was incorporated into the project under the initial scope changes as a test bed for life cycle testing as well as the site for an optimized HTS cable cooling system. The Columbus cable utilizes the HTS TriaxTM design, so it provided an economical tool for these of the project tasks.
Development of superconducting transmission cable. CRADA final report
Hawsey, R.; Stovall, J.P. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Hughey, R.L.; Sinha, U.K. [Southwire Co., Carrollton, GA (United States)
The purpose of this Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Southwire Company is to develop the technology necessary to proceed to commercialization of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) transmission cables. Power transmission cables are a promising near-term electric utility application for high-temperature superconductivity. Present HTS wires match the needs for a three-phase transmission cable: (1) the wires must conduct high currents in self-field, (2) there are no high forces developed, and (3) the cables may operate at relatively low current density. The commercially-available HTS wires, in 100-m lengths, make construction of a full three-phase, alternating current (ac) transmission cable possible. If completed through the pre-commercialization phase, this project will result in a new capability for electric power companies. The superconducting cable will enable delivery with greater efficiency, higher power density, and lower costs than many alternatives now on the market. Job creation in the US is expected as US manufacturers supply transmission cables to the expanding markets in Asia and to the densely populated European cities where pipe-type cable is prevalent. Finally, superconducting cables may enable delivery of the new, diverse and distributed sources of electricity that will constitute the majority of new installed electrical generation in the world during the coming decades.
Boyer, Edmond
with artificially inflicted broken wires. KEYWORDS : Cable NDE, Search coil, Total flux, DC magnetization, Damage. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes a noncontact cable inspection system incorporating been applied for the inspection of steel cables for ski lifts, elevators, and for other applications
Whattam, J.W.
This report was prepared to discuss the alternatives available for removing the 300 Area overhead signal cable system. This system, installed in 1969, has been used for various monitoring and communication signaling needs throughout the 300 Area. Over the years this cabling system has deteriorated, has been continually reconfigured, and has been poorly documented to the point of nonreliability. The first step was to look at the systems utilizing the overhead signal cable that are still required for operation. Of the ten systems that once operated via the signal cable, only five are still required; the civil defense evacuation alarms, the public address (PA) system, the criticality alarms, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Facilities Management Control System (FMCS), and the 384 annunciator panel. Of these five, the criticality alarms and the FMCS have been dealt with under other proposals. Therefore, this study focused on the alternatives available for the remaining three systems (evacuation alarms, PA system, and 384 panel) plus the accountability aid phones. Once the systems to be discussed were determined, then three alternatives for providing the signaling pathway were examined for each system: (1) re-wire using underground communication ducts, (2) use the Integrated Voice/Data Telecommunications System (IVDTS) already installed and operated by US West, and (3) use radio control. Each alternative was developed with an estimated cost, advantages, and disadvantages. Finally, a recommendation was provided for the best alternative for each system.
Fabrication and Test Results for Rutherford-Type Cables Made from BSCCO Strands
Scanlan, R.M.; Dietderich, D.R.; Higley, H.C.; Marken, K.R.; Motowidlo, L.R.; Solokowski, R.; Hasegawa, T.
Wires based on the Bi-2212 HTS superconductor are becoming available commercially, with current densities that are attractive for some applications. We report here on our success in using these Bi-2212 wires to fabricate multistrand, kiloamp conductors that can be used to construct dipole and quadrupole magnets for particle accelerator applications. Multistrand cables have been made from several types of Bi-2212 wire supplied by two manufacturers. These cables were made with cores of various compositions and dimensions in order to optimize the fabrication process. In addition, cables have been made from aspected strands as well as round strands. Cable critical currents will be reported and compared for the various cable parameters investigated in this study.
Apparatus and method for fabricating multi-strand superconducting cable
Borden, Albert R. (El Cerrito, CA)
Multi-strand superconducting cables adapted to be used, for example, to wind a magnet is fabricated by directing wire strands inwardly from spools disposed on the perimeter of a rotating disk and wrapping them diagonally around a tapered mandrel with a flattened cross-sectional shape with a core having a wedge-shaped channel. As the cable is pulled axially, flexibly coupled wedge-shaped pieces are continuously passed through the channel in the mandrel and inserted into the cable as an internal support therefor.
Method for fabricating multi-strand superconducting cable
Borden, A.R.
Multi-strand superconducting cables adapted to be used, for example, to wind a magnet are fabricated by directing wire strands inwardly from spools disposed on the perimeter of a rotating disk and wrapping them diagonally around a tapered mandrel with a flattened cross-sectional shape with a core having a wedge-shaped channel. As the cable is pulled axially, flexibly coupled wedge-shaped pieces are continuously passed through the channel in the mandrel and inserted into the cable as an internal support therefor.
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Bridge Stay Cable and External Post-Tensioning Systems
McCoy, Katlyn Mae
such as corrosion, steel strand and wire breakage, tendon section loss, voids in the grout, water infiltration, and other undesired grout conditions can go undetected in nontransparent stay cable and external PT ducts without proper inspection. In this research...
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Bridge Stay Cable and External Post-Tensioning Systems�
McCoy, Katlyn Mae
such as corrosion, steel strand and wire breakage, tendon section loss, voids in the grout, water infiltration, and other undesired grout conditions can go undetected in nontransparent stay cable and external PT ducts without proper inspection. In this research...
Cable Measuring Engine Operation Procedures
Authors, Various
The Cable Measuring Engine (CME) is a tool which measures and records the cable dimensions in a nondestructive fashion. It is used in-line with the superconductor cable as it is being made. The CME is intended to be used as a standard method of measuring cable by the various manufacturers involved in the cable process.
Thermal management of long-length HTS cable systems
Demko, Jonathan A [ORNL; Hassenzahl, William V [ORNL
Projections of electric power production suggest a major shift to renewables, such as wind and solar, which will be in remote locations where massive quantities of power are available. One solution for transmitting this power over long distances to load centers is direct current (dc), high temperature superconducting (HTS) cables. Electric transmission via dc cables promises to be effective because of the low-loss, highcurrent- carrying capability of HTS wire at cryogenic temperatures. However, the thermal management system for the cable must be carefully designed to achieve reliable and energyefficient operation. Here we extend the analysis of a superconducting dc cable concept proposed by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), which has one stream of liquid nitrogen flowing in a cryogenic enclosure that includes the power cable, and a separate return tube for the nitrogen. Refrigeration stations positioned every 10 to 20 km cool both nitrogen streams. Both go and return lines are contained in a single vacuum/cryogenic envelope. Other coolants, including gaseous helium and gaseous hydrogen, could provide potential advantages, though they bring some technical challenges to the operation of long-length HTS dc cable systems. A discussion of the heat produced in superconducting cables and a system to remove the heat are discussed. Also, an analysis of the use of various cryogenic fluids in long-distance HTS power cables is presented.
Cable Diagnostic Focused Initiative
Hartlein, R.A.; Hampton, R.N.
This report summarizes an extensive effort made to understand how to effectively use the various diagnostic technologies to establish the condition of medium voltage underground cable circuits. These circuits make up an extensive portion of the electric delivery infrastructure in the United States. Much of this infrastructure is old and experiencing unacceptable failure rates. By deploying efficient diagnostic testing programs, electric utilities can replace or repair circuits that are about to fail, providing an optimal approach to improving electric system reliability. This is an intrinsically complex topic. Underground cable systems are not homogeneous. Cable circuits often contain multiple branches with different cable designs and a range of insulation materials. In addition, each insulation material ages differently as a function of time, temperature and operating environment. To complicate matters further, there are a wide variety of diagnostic technologies available for assessing the condition of cable circuits with a diversity of claims about the effectiveness of each approach. As a result, the benefits of deploying cable diagnostic testing programs have been difficult to establish, leading many utilities to avoid the their use altogether. This project was designed to help address these issues. The information provided is the result of a collaborative effort between Georgia Tech NEETRAC staff, Georgia Tech academic faculty, electric utility industry participants, as well as cable system diagnostic testing service providers and test equipment providers. Report topics include: �How cable systems age and fail, �The various technologies available for detecting potential failure sites, �The advantages and disadvantages of different diagnostic technologies, �Different approaches for utilities to employ cable system diagnostics. The primary deliverables of this project are this report, a Cable Diagnostic Handbook (a subset of this report) and an online knowledge based system (KBS) that helps utilities select the most effective diagnostic technologies for a given cable circuit and circuit conditions.
Test Results For a 25-m Prototype Fault Current Limiting HTS Cable for Project Hydra
Rey, Christopher M [ORNL] [ORNL; Duckworth, Robert C [ORNL] [ORNL; Demko, Jonathan A [ORNL] [ORNL; Ellis, Alvin R [ORNL] [ORNL; Gouge, Michael J [ORNL] [ORNL; James, David Randy [ORNL] [ORNL; Tuncer, Enis [ORNL] [ORNL
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has tested a 25-m long prototype High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) cable with inherent Fault-Current Limiting (FCL) capability at its recently upgraded HTS cable test facility in Oak Ridge, TN. The HTS-FCL cable and terminations were designed and fabricated by Ultera, which is a joint venture of Southwire and nkt cables with FCL features and HTS wire provided by American Superconductor Corporation. The overall project is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. The ultimate goal of the 25-m HTS-FCL cable test program was to verify the design and ensure the operational integrity for the eventual installation of a ~ 200-m fully functional HTS-FCL cable in the Consolidated Edison electric grid located in downtown New York City. The 25-m HTS-FCL cable consisted of a three-phase (3- ) Triax design with a cold dielectric between the phases. The HTS-FCL cable had an operational voltage of 13.8 kV phase-to-phase and an operating current of 4000 Arms per phase, which is the highest operating current to date of any HTS cable. The 25-m HTS-FCL cable was subjected to a series of cryogenic and electrical tests. Test results from the 25-m HTS-FCL cable are presented and discussed.
Cooling Configuration Design Considerations for Long-Length HTS Cables
Demko, Jonathan A [ORNL; Duckworth, Robert C [ORNL
Recent successes in demonstrating high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable systems hundreds of meters in length have inspired even longer length projects. A compact and energy efficient cooling configuration can be achieved using a counterflow-cooling arrangement. This is particularly attractive when all three phases are contained in a single cryostat because of the elimination of the space and thermal requirements of a separate liquid nitrogen return line. Future cable projects will utilize second generation (2G) wire which is expected to become lower in cost but may have different thermal requirements than first generation (1G) BSCCO wire due to the lower critical temperature and to a lesser extent, the lower thermal conductivity of the wire. HTS cable configurations will be studied with a numerical model to assess thermal hydraulic performance with AC and thermal losses; a summary of the results from the analysis will be presented. An analysis of the cable thermal- hydraulic response to over-current faults will be presented.
End moldings for cable dielectrics
Roose, Lars D. (Albuquerque, NM)
End moldings for high-voltage cables are described wherein the dielectric insulator of the cable is heated and molded to conform to a desired shape. As a consequence, high quality substantially bubble-free cable connectors suitable for mating to premanufactured fittings are made. Disclosed is a method for making the cable connectors either in the field or in a factory, molds suitable for use with the method, and the molded cable connectors, themselves.
BNL | Accelerator Test Facility Cable Policy
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
the most valuable resources is cables used for signals (50 ohm), video signals (75 ohm), control cables and power supply cables. Since the number of cables installed at the ATF is...
Santoso, Katherina, 1980-
In recent years, the application of cable structures in buildings has gained huge popularities. Although cable technology has been established since the 1950s, there is suddenly a surge in the number of its building ...
Power superconducting power transmission cable
Ashworth, Stephen P. (Cambridge, GB)
The present invention is for a compact superconducting power transmission cable operating at distribution level voltages. The superconducting cable is a conductor with a number of tapes assembled into a subconductor. These conductors are then mounted co-planarly in an elongated dielectric to produce a 3-phase cable. The arrangement increases the magnetic field parallel to the tapes thereby reducing ac losses.
FEM Analysis of Nb-Sn Rutherford-type Cables
Barzi, Emanuela; Gallo, Giuseppe; Neri, Paolo; /Fermilab
An important part of superconducting accelerator magnet work is the conductor. To produce magnetic fields larger than 10 T, brittle conductors are typically used. For instance, for Nb{sub 3}Sn the original round wire, in the form of a composite of Copper, Niobium and Tin, is assembled into a so-called Rutherford-type cable, which is used to wind the magnet. The magnet is then subjected to a high temperature heat treatment to produce the chemical reactions that make the material superconducting. At this stage the superconductor is brittle and its superconducting properties sensitive to strain. This work is based on the development of a 2D finite element model, which simulates the mechanical behavior of Rutherford-type cable before heat treatment. The model was applied to a number of different cable architectures. To validate a critical criterion adopted into the single Nb-Sn wire analysis, the results of the model were compared with those measured experimentally on cable cross sections.
Superconducting Cable Termination
Sinha, Uday K. (Carrollton, GA); Tolbert, Jerry (Newnan, GA)
Disclosed is a termination that connects high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable immersed in pressurized liquid nitrogen to high voltage and neutral (shield) external bushings at ambient temperature and pressure. The termination consists of a splice between the HTS power (inner) and shield (outer) conductors and concentric copper pipes which are the conductors in the termination. There is also a transition from the dielectric tape insulator used in the HTS cable to the insulators used between and around the copper pipe conductors in the termination. At the warm end of the termination the copper pipes are connected via copper braided straps to the conventional warm external bushings which have low thermal stresses. This termination allows for a natural temperature gradient in the copper pipe conductors inside the termination which enables the controlled flashing of the pressurized liquid coolant (nitrogen) to the gaseous state. Thus the entire termination is near the coolant supply pressure and the high voltage and shield cold bushings, a highly stressed component used in most HTS cables, are eliminated. A sliding seal allows for cable contraction as it is cooled from room temperature to �72-82 K. Seals, static vacuum, and multi-layer superinsulation minimize radial heat leak to the environment.
Disposable telemetry cable deployment system
Holcomb, David Joseph (Sandia Park, NM)
A disposable telemetry cable deployment system for facilitating information retrieval while drilling a well includes a cable spool adapted for insertion into a drill string and an unarmored fiber optic cable spooled onto the spool cable and having a downhole end and a stinger end. Connected to the cable spool is a rigid stinger which extends through a kelly of the drilling apparatus. A data transmission device for transmitting data to a data acquisition system is disposed either within or on the upper end of the rigid stinger.
Precision wire feeder for small diameter wire
Brandon, E.D.; Hooper, F.M.; Reichenbach, M.L.
A device for feeding small diameter wire having a diameter less than 0.04 mm (16 mil) to a welding station includes a driving wheel for controllably applying a non-deforming driving force to the wire to move the free end of the wire towards the welding station; and a tension device such as a torque motor for constantly applying a reverse force to the wire in opposition to the driving force to keep the wire taut. 1 figure.
Precision wire feeder for small diameter wire
Brandon, Eldon D. (Albuquerque, NM); Hooper, Frederick M. (Albuquerque, NM); Reichenbach, Marvin L. (Albuquerque, NM)
A device for feeding small diameter wire having a diameter less than 0.04 mm (16 mil) to a welding station includes a driving wheel for controllably applying a non-deforming driving force to the wire to move the free end of the wire towards the welding station; and a tension device such as a torque motor for constantly applying a reverse force to the wire in opposition to the driving force to keep the wire taut.
Method to improve superconductor cable
Borden, A.R.
A method is disclosed of making a stranded superconductor cable having improved flexing and bending characteristics. In such method, a plurality of superconductor strands are helically wound around a cylindrical portion of a mandrel which tapers along a transitional portion to a flat end portion. The helically wound strands form a multistrand hollow cable which is partially flattened by pressure rollers as the cable travels along the transitional portion. The partially flattened cable is impacted with repeated hammer blows as the hollow cable travels along the flat end portion. The hammer blows flatten both the internal and the external surfaces of the strands. The cable is fully flattened and compacted by two sets of pressure rollers which engage the flat sides and the edges of the cable after it has traveled away from the flat end portion of the mandrel. The flattened internal surfaces slide easily over one another when the cable is flexed or bent so that there is very little possibility that the cable will be damaged by the necessary flexing and bending required to wind the cable into magnet coils.
Photonic-powered cable assembly
Sanderson, Stephen N; Appel, Titus James; Wrye, IV, Walter C
A photonic-cable assembly includes a power source cable connector ("PSCC") coupled to a power receive cable connector ("PRCC") via a fiber cable. The PSCC electrically connects to a first electronic device and houses a photonic power source and an optical data transmitter. The fiber cable includes an optical transmit data path coupled to the optical data transmitter, an optical power path coupled to the photonic power source, and an optical feedback path coupled to provide feedback control to the photonic power source. The PRCC electrically connects to a second electronic device and houses an optical data receiver coupled to the optical transmit data path, a feedback controller coupled to the optical feedback path to control the photonic power source, and a photonic power converter coupled to the optical power path to convert photonic energy received over the optical power path to electrical energy to power components of the PRCC.
Photonic-powered cable assembly
Sanderson, Stephen N.; Appel, Titus James; Wrye, IV, Walter C.
A photonic-cable assembly includes a power source cable connector ("PSCC") coupled to a power receive cable connector ("PRCC") via a fiber cable. The PSCC electrically connects to a first electronic device and houses a photonic power source and an optical data transmitter. The fiber cable includes an optical transmit data path coupled to the optical data transmitter, an optical power path coupled to the photonic power source, and an optical feedback path coupled to provide feedback control to the photonic power source. The PRCC electrically connects to a second electronic device and houses an optical data receiver coupled to the optical transmit data path, a feedback controller coupled to the optical feedback path to control the photonic power source, and a photonic power converter coupled to the optical power path to convert photonic energy received over the optical power path to electrical energy to power components of the PRCC.
Wire scanner software and firmware issues
Gilpatrick, John Doug [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center facility presently has 110 slow wire scanning profile measurement instruments located along its various beam lines. These wire scanners were developed and have been operating for at least 30 years. While the wire scanners solved many problems to operate and have served the facility well they have increasingly suffered from several problems or limitations, such as maintenance and reliability problems, antiquated components, slow data acquisition, and etc. In order to refurbish these devices, these wire scanners will be replaced with newer versions. The replacement will consist of a completely new beam line actuator, new cables, new electronics and brand new software and firmware. This note describes the functions and modes of operation that LabVIEW VI software on the real time controller and FPGA LabVIEW firmware will be required. It will be especially interesting to understand the overall architecture of these LabVIEW VIs. While this note will endeavor to describe all of the requirements and issues for the wire scanners, undoubtedly, there will be missing details that will be added as time progresses.
A Test of HTS Power Cable in a Sweeping Magnetic Field
Piekarz, H.; Hays, S.; Blowers, J.; Shiltsev, V.; /Fermilab
Short sample HTS power cable composed of multiple 344C-2G strands and designed to energize a fast-cycling dipole magnet was exposed to a sweeping magnetic field in the (2-20) T/s ramping rate. The B-field orientation toward the HTS strands wide surface was varied from 0{sup 0} to 10{sup 0}, in steps of 1{sup 0}. The test arrangement allowed measurement of the combined hysteresis and eddy current power losses. For the validity of these measurements, the power losses of a short sample cable composed of multiple LTS wire strands were also performed to compare with the known data. The test arrangement of the power cable is described, and the test results are compared with the projections for the eddy and hysteresis power losses using the fine details of the test cable structures.
A Test of HTS Power Cable in a Sweeping Magnetic Field
Piekarz, H; Blowers, J; Shiltsev, V
Short sample HTS power cable composed of multiple 344C-2G strands and designed to energize a fast-cycling dipole magnet was exposed to a sweeping magnetic field in the (2-20) T/s rate. The B-field orientation toward the HTS strands wide surface was varied from 0 deg. to 10 deg., in steps of 1 deg.. The test arrangement allowed measurement of the combined hysteresis and eddy current power losses. For the validity of these measurements, the power losses of a short sample cable composed of multiple LTS wire strands were also performed to compare with the known data. The test arrangement of the power cable is described, and the test results are compared with the projections for the eddy and hysteresis power losses using the fine details of the test cable structures.
Fully synthetic taped insulation cables
Forsyth, E.B.; Muller, A.C.
The present invention is a cable which, although constructed from inexpensive polyolefin tapes and using typical impregnating oils, furnishes high voltage capability up to 765 kV, and has such excellent dielectric characteristics and heat transfer properties that it is capable of operation at capacities equal to or higher than presently available cables at a given voltage. This is accomplished by using polyethylene, polybutene or polypropylene insulating tape which has been specially processed to attain properties which are not generally found in these materials, but are required for their use in impregnated electrical cables. Chief among these properties is compatibility with impregnating oil.
Analysis of pressure drops under reversing flow conditions
Krazinski, J.L.; Holtz, R.E.; Uherka, K.L.; Lottes, P.A.
This paper examines pressure-drop data from the Reversing Flow Test Facility (RFTF) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The data comprise part of an initial series of measurements conducted with pressurized helium gas under reversing flow conditions. The characteristics of fluid pressure drops in compressible, reversing flows are discussed in the paper and compared with pressure-drop measurements for steady, incompressible flows. The methodology used to calculate instantaneous mass flows in the test section of the RFTF is summarized. The measured pressure drops are analyzed in terms of their frictional and inertial components. Pressure-drop data are presented for both tubes and wire mesh regenerators over a range of flow reversal frequencies. The results are discussed with reference to other experimental data and analytical models available in the literature. 10 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.
Fully synthetic taped insulation cables
Forsyth, Eric B. (Brookhaven, NY); Muller, Albert C. (Center Moriches, NY)
A high voltage oil-impregnated electrical cable with fully polymer taped insulation operable to 765 kV. Biaxially oriented, specially processed, polyethylene, polybutene or polypropylene tape with an embossed pattern is wound in multiple layers over a conductive core with a permeable screen around the insulation. Conventional oil which closely matches the dielectric constant of the tape is used, and the cable can be impregnated after field installation because of its excellent impregnation characteristics.
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Attached please find the components of WIRES Comment to the QER. Please direct any questions to Jim Hoecker, below.
Design optimization of cable-stayed bridges
Bessas, Georgios
The goal of this thesis is to achieve a basic understanding of cable-stayed systems. Issues to be treated are the diachronic evolution of cable-stayed bridges, including the advantages, the limitations and the basic design ...
Ames Lab 101: Reinventing the Power Cable
Russell, Alan
Ames Laboratory researchers are working to develop new electrical power cables that are stronger and lighter than the cables currently used in the nation's power grid. Nano Tube animation by Iain Goodyear
Ames Lab 101: Reinventing the Power Cable
Russell, Alan
Ames Laboratory researchers are working to develop new electrical power cables that are stronger and lighter than the cables currently used in the nation's power grid. Nano Tube animation by Iain Goodyear
Multi-frequency cable vibration experiments
Wiggins, Andrew (Andrew Dale)
A series of Multi-Frequency cable vibration experiments at Reynolds number 7600 were carried out at the MIT Tow Tank using the Virtual Cable Towing Apparatus (VCTA). Motions observed in a Direct Numerical Simulation of a ...
Assessing Deterioration of ADSS Fiber Optic Cables
Assessing Deterioration of ADSS Fiber Optic Cables Due to Corona Discharge Final Project Report of ADSS Fiber Optic Cables Due to Corona Discharge Final Project Report George G. Karady, Project Leader-Supporting) fiber optic cables installed on high voltage lines. The high electric field on those lines generates
Falce, Louis R. (Surprise, AZ); Ives, R. Lawrence (Saratoga, CA)
A plurality of high atomic number wires are sintered together to form a porous rod that is parted into porous disks which will be used as x-ray targets. A thermally conductive material is introduced into the pores of the rod, and when a stream of electrons impinges on the sintered wire target and generates x-rays, the heat generated by the impinging x-rays is removed by the thermally conductive material interspersed in the pores of the wires.
Gibson, G.H.; Smits, R.G.; Eberhard, P.H.
A device for uncovering imperfections in electrical conducting wire, particularly superconducting wire, by detecting variations in eddy currents. Eddy currents effect the magnetic field in a gap of an inductor, contained in a modified commercial ferrite core, through which the wire being tested is passed. A small increase or decrease in the amount of conductive material, such as copper, in a fixed cross section of wire will unbalance a bridge used to measure the impedance of the inductor, tripping a detector and sounding an alarm.
1998 wire development workshop proceedings
This report consists of vugraphs of the presentations at the conference. The conference was divided into the following sessions: (1) First Generation Wire Development: Status and Issues; (2) First Generation Wire in Pre-Commercial Prototypes; (3) Second Generation Wire Development: Private Sector Progress and Issues; (4) Second Generation Wire Development: Federal Laboratories; and (5) Fundamental Research Issues for HTS Wire Development.
Fluid dynamics of supercritical hellium within cable-in-conduit conductors. Progress report
Van Sciver, S.W.
The enclosed report summarizes work carried out under DOE/MFE Support, during the past four years. Emphasis is placed on progress within the last year. Results of experiments on pressure drop and heat transfer within several Cable-in-Conduit Conductors are described. These results are compared to models for flow in similar geometrics. The work provides a basis for design of magnets using the CIC Conductor Concept.
Fluid dynamics of supercritical hellium within cable-in-conduit conductors
Van Sciver, S.W.
The enclosed report summarizes work carried out under DOE/MFE Support, during the past four years. Emphasis is placed on progress within the last year. Results of experiments on pressure drop and heat transfer within several Cable-in-Conduit Conductors are described. These results are compared to models for flow in similar geometrics. The work provides a basis for design of magnets using the CIC Conductor Concept.
Final report on development of Pulse Arrested Spark Discharge (PASD) for aging aircraft wiring application.
Lockner, Thomas Ramsbeck; Howard, R. Kevin; Pe�a, Gary Edward; Schneider, Larry X.; Higgins, Matthew B.; Glover, Steven Frank
Pulsed Arrested Spark Discharge (PASD) is a Sandia National Laboratories Patented, non-destructive wiring system diagnostic that has been developed to detect defects in aging wiring systems in the commercial aircraft fleet. PASD was previously demonstrated on relatively controlled geometry wiring such as coaxial cables and shielded twisted-pair wiring through a contract with the U.S. navy and is discussed in a Sandia National Laboratories report, SAND2001-3225 ''Pulsed Arrested Spark Discharge (PASD) Diagnostic Technique for the Location of Defects in Aging Wiring Systems''. This report describes an expansion of earlier work by applying the PASD technique to unshielded twisted-pair and discrete wire configurations commonly found in commercial aircraft. This wiring is characterized by higher impedances as well as relatively non-uniform impedance profiles that have been found to be challenging for existing aircraft wiring diagnostics. Under a three year contract let by the Federal Aviation Administration, Interagency Agreement DTFA-03-00X90019, this technology was further developed for application on aging commercial aircraft wiring systems. This report describes results of the FAA program with discussion of previous work conducted under U.S. Department of Defense funding.
Capacitor discharge process for welding braided cable
Wilson, Rick D. (Corvallis, OR)
A capacitor discharge process for welding a braided cable formed from a plurality of individual cable strands to a solid metallic electrically conductive member comprises the steps of: (a) preparing the electrically conductive member for welding by bevelling one of its end portions while leaving an ignition projection extending outwardly from the apex of the bevel; (b) clamping the electrically conductive member in a cathode fixture; (c) connecting the electrically conductive member clamped in the cathode fixture to a capacitor bank capable of being charged to a preselected voltage value; (d) preparing the braided cable for welding by wrapping one of its end portions with a metallic sheet to form a retaining ring operable to maintain the individual strands of the braided cable in fixed position within the retaining ring; (e) clamping the braided cable and the retaining ring as a unit in an anode fixture so that the wrapped end portion of the braided cable faces the ignition projection of the electrically conductive member; and (f) moving the cathode fixture towards the anode fixture until the ignition projection of the electrically conductive member contacts the end portion of the braided cable thereby allowing the capacitor bank to discharge through the electrically conductive member and through the braided cable and causing the electrically conductive member to be welded to the braided cable via capacitor discharge action.
A Superconducting transformer system for high current cable testing
Godeke, A.
A Superconducting Transformer System for High Current CableDC) superconducting transformer system for the high currentsuperconducting cables. The transformer consists of a core-
aerial bundled cables: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
"classical" T-duals. Siegfried Echterhoff; Ryszard Nest; Herve Oyono-Oyono 7 Vertex Detector Cable Considerations HEP - Experiment (arXiv) Summary: Vertex detector cable...
Robotic Platform for Monitoring Underground Cable Systems
Mamishev, Alexander
. to traverse and monitor fiber-optic overhead ground transmission wires (OPGW) above 66kV power transmission
An Internal Coaxil Cable Seal System
Hall, David R. (Provo, UT); Hall, Jr., H. Tracy (Provo, UT); Pixton, David (Lehi, UT); Dahlgren, Scott (Provo, UT); Sneddon, Cameron (Provo, UT); Briscoe, Michael (Lehi, UT); Fox, Joe (Spanish Fork, UT)
The invention is a seal system for a coaxial cable more specifically an internal seal system placed within the coaxial cable and its constituent components. A series of seal stacks including flexible rigid rings and elastomeric rings are placed on load bearing members within the coaxial cable. The current invention is adapted to seal the annular space between the coaxial cable and an electrical contact passing there through. The coaxial cable is disposed within drilling components to transmit electrical signals between drilling components within a drill string. During oil and gas exploration, a drill string can see a range of pressures and temperatures thus resulting in multiple combinations of temperature and pressure and increasing the difficulty of creating a robust seal for all combinations. The seal system can be used in a plurality of downhole components, such as sections of pipe in a drill string, drill collars, heavy weight drill pipe, and jars.
"Flexible aerogel as a superior thermal insulation for high temperature superconductor cable applications"
White, Shannon O. [Aspen Aerogel, Inc.; Demko, Jonathan A [ORNL; Tomich, A. [Aspen Aerogel, Inc.
High temperature superconducting (HTS) cables are an advanced technology that can both strengthen and improve the national electrical distribution infrastructure. HTS cables require sufficient cooling to overcome inherent low temperature heat loading. Heat loads are minimized by the use of cryogenic envelopes or cryostats. Cryostats require improvement in efficiency, reliability, and cost reduction to meet the demanding needs of HTS conductors (1G and 2G wires). Aspen Aerogels has developed a compression resistant aerogel thermal insulation package to replace compression sensitive multi-layer insulation (MLI), the incumbent thermal insulation, in flexible cryostats for HTS cables. Oak Ridge National Laboratory tested a prototype aerogel package in a lab-scale pipe apparatus to measure the rate of heat invasion. The lab-scale pipe test results of the aerogel solution will be presented and directly compared to MLI. A compatibility assessment of the aerogel material with HTS system components will also be presented. The aerogel thermal insulation solution presented will meet the demanding needs of HTS cables.
Development and application of composite overhead ground wire with optical fibers
Tsujimoto, K.; Kato, T.; Okazato, A.; Sakurada, H.
A overhead ground wire composed with optical fibers has been developed, as well as the accessories and the joints. The overhead ground wire is provided with an aluminum pipe at the core thereof in which the optical fibers are inserted. The composite overhead ground wire with optical fibers was installed for the Kaga-Reinan 500 kV overhead transmission line in autumn, 1981 for the purposes of observing lightning and using as telecommunication line, as well. After the successful performance of the optical fiber, especially in view of transmission loss after installation, has been proved, the composite overhead ground wire is now being checked for the purposes as stated above. The ground wire was also installed for the Tsuruga Test Line at about the same time and investigations were started to confirm the reliability of the optical fiber to be over a long period of time under severe meteorological conditions such as strong winds and icing. The construction of the composite ground wire with optical fibers is such that the optical fibers contained therein are not restrained by the ground wire itself. This enables insertion and pulling out of optical fiber cables. Tests were conducted at certain sections of the Kaga-Reinan Line to confirm that there was no change in the performance of the optical fibers due to such operations of insertion and pulling out. This report briefly discusses the development of the composite ground wire with optical fibers, its installation and the test results.
Understanding Irreversible Degradation of Nb3Sn Wires with Fundamental Fracture Mechanics
Zhai, Yuhu [PPPL; Calzolaio, Ciro [Univ of Geneva; Senatore, Carmine [Univ of Geneva
Irreversible performance degradation of advanced Nb3Sn superconducting wires subjected to transverse or axial mechanical loading is a critical issue for the design of large-scale fusion and accelerator magnets such as ITER and LHC. Recent SULTAN tests indicate that most cable-in-conduit conductors for ITER coils made of Nb3Sn wires processed by various fabrication techniques show similar performance degradation under cyclic loading. The irreversible degradation due to filament fracture and local strain accumulation in Nb3Sn wires cannot be described by the existing strand scaling law. Fracture mechanic modeling combined with X-ray diffraction imaging of filament micro-crack formation inside the wires under mechanical loading may reveal exciting insights to the wire degradation mechanisms. We apply fundamental fracture mechanics with a singularity approach to study influence of wire filament microstructure of initial void size and distribution to local stress concentration and potential crack propagation. We report impact of the scale and density of the void structure on stress concentration in the composite wire materials for crack initiation. These initial defects result in an irreversible degradation of the critical current beyond certain applied stress. We also discuss options to minimize stress concentration in the design of the material microstructure for enhanced wire performance for future applications.
Wire Scanner Beam Profile Measurements: LANSCE Facility Beam Development
Gilpatrick, John D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Batygin, Yuri K. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gonzales, Fermin [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gruchalla, Michael E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kutac, Vincent G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Martinez, Derwin [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sedillo, James Daniel [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Pillai, Chandra [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rodriguez Esparza, Sergio [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Smith, Brian G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is replacing Wire Scanner (WS) beam profile measurement systems. Three beam development tests have taken place to test the new wire scanners under beam conditions. These beam development tests have integrated the WS actuator, cable plant, electronics processors and associated software and have used H{sup -} beams of different beam energy and current conditions. In addition, the WS measurement-system beam tests verified actuator control systems for minimum profile bin repeatability and speed, checked for actuator backlash and positional stability, tested the replacement of simple broadband potentiometers with narrow band resolvers, and tested resolver use with National Instruments Compact Reconfigurable Input and Output (cRIO) Virtual Instrumentation. These beam tests also have verified how trans-impedance amplifiers react with various types of beam line background noise and how noise currents were not generated. This paper will describe these beam development tests and show some resulting data.
Controlled weak point for wireline cable
Aracena, L.
This patent describes a controllable break device for use in interconnection with wireline cable and cable head. It comprises: an upper sleeve section that is secured to the cable while leading a length of cable axially therethrough; a lower sleeve section slidingly engaged with a portion of the upper sleeve section and receiving the length of cable axially therethrough for being secured to the cable head; an inner tube having upper and lower ends extending axially within the upper and lower sleeve sections, mandrel means receiving the inner tube therethrough and having upper and lower ends extending between the upper and lower sleeve section; first shear pin means securing the mandrel means lower end to the lower sleeve section; second shear pin means securing the inner tube upper end to the upper sleeve section; and limit sleeve means disposed coaxial to the mandrel means and extending between the upper and lower sleeve sections, and subsequent parting of the second shear pin means upon release of cable tension to allow separation of the upper and lower sleeve sections.
Department of Mechanical Engineering Spring 2012 Synthetic Cable Termination
Demirel, Melik C.
PENNSTATE Department of Mechanical Engineering Spring 2012 Synthetic Cable Termination Overview to be grasped. The methods for terminating the metallic cable will not work with the synthetic cable, so a new termination method is needed. The synthetic cable is a new design that has yet to be successfully terminated
Laboratory testing of repellents to prevent nutria damage to seismic cable
Gunn, Scott Jeter
1980 ABSTRACT Laboratory Testing of Repellents to Prevent Nutr1a Damage to Seismic Cable. (August 1980) Scott Jeter Gunn, B. S. , University of Arkansas at Little Rock Chairman of Advisory Committee: Dr. David J. Schm1dly Five chemical and one... commonly used in repellent testing. The fourth variable, referred to as fa11ure time, was found to be useful in wire testing situations and has not been previously reported. The data show a lack of repellent action by any of the chemicals tested...
Not Available
The specification covers unalloyed and alloyed tantalum rod and wire of the following grades: R05200, unalloyed tantalum (vacuum arc melt or electron beam furnace melt); R05400, unalloyed tantalum (powder metallurgy consolidation); R05255, tantalum alloy (90% Ta to 10% W). The specification includes ordering information, manufacture, chemical requirements, tensile properties, dimensional tolerances, workmanship and finish, sampling, certification, marking, and packing. (JMT)
1997 wire development workshop: Proceedings
This conference is divided into the following sections: (1) First Generation Wires I; (2) First Generation Wires II; (3) Coated conductors I; and (4) Coated conductors II. Applications of the superconducting wires include fault current limiters, superconducting motors, transformers, and power transmission lines.
Condition Monitoring of Cables Task 3 Report: Condition Monitoring Techniques for Electric Cables
Villaran, M.; Lofaro, R.; na
For more than 20 years the NRC has sponsored research studying electric cable aging degradation, condition monitoring, and environmental qualification testing practices for electric cables used in nuclear power plants. This report summarizes several of the most effective and commonly used condition monitoring techniques available to detect damage and measure the extent of degradation in electric cable insulation. The technical basis for each technique is summarized, along with its application, trendability of test data, ease of performing the technique, advantages and limitations, and the usefulness of the test results to characterize and assess the condition of electric cables.
Noise performance of magneto-inductive cables
Wiltshire, M. C. K., E-mail: email@example.com; Syms, R. R. A. [Optical and Semiconductor Devices Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom)
Magneto-inductive (MI) waveguides are metamaterial structures based on periodic arrangements of inductively coupled resonant magnetic elements. They are of interest for power transfer, communications and sensing, and can be realised in a flexible cable format. Signal-to-noise ratio is extremely important in applications involving signals. Here, we present the first experimental measurements of the noise performance of metamaterial cables. We focus on an application involving radiofrequency signal transmission in internal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where the subdivision of the metamaterial cable provides intrinsic patient safety. We consider MI cables suitable for use at 300 MHz during {sup 1}H MRI at 7 T, and find noise figures of 2.3�2.8?dB/m, together with losses of 3.0�3.9?dB/m, in good agreement with model calculations. These values are high compared to conventional cables, but become acceptable when (as here) the environment precludes the use of continuous conductors. To understand this behaviour, we present arguments for the fundamental performance limitations of these cables.
Solid state safety jumper cables
Kronberg, James W. (353 Church Rd., Beech Island, SC 29841)
Solid state jumper cables for connecting two batteries in parallel, having two bridge rectifiers for developing a reference voltage, a four-input decoder for determining which terminals are to be connected based on a comparison of the voltage at each of the four terminals to the reference voltage, and a pair of relays for effecting the correct connection depending on the determination of the decoder. No connection will be made unless only one terminal of each battery has a higher voltage than the reference voltage, indicating "positive" terminals, and one has a lower voltage than the reference voltage, indicating "negative" terminals, and that, therefore, the two high voltage terminals may be connected and the two lower voltage terminals may be connected. Current flows once the appropriate relay device is closed. The relay device is preferably a MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) combined with a series array of photodiodes that develop MOSFET gate-closing potential when the decoder output causes an LED to light.
Solid state safety jumper cables
Kronberg, J.W.
Solid state jumper cables for connecting two batteries in parallel, having two bridge rectifiers for developing a reference voltage, a four-input decoder for determining which terminals are to be connected based on a comparison of the voltage at each of the four terminals to the reference voltage, and a pair of relays for effecting the correct connection depending on the determination of the decoder. No connection will be made unless only one terminal of each battery has a higher voltage than the reference voltage, indicating positive'' terminals, and one has a lower voltage than the reference voltage, indicating negative'' terminals, and that, therefore, the two high voltage terminals may be connected and the two lower voltage terminals may be connected. Current flows once the appropriate relay device is closed. The relay device is preferably a MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) combined with a series array of photodiodes that develop MOSFET gate-closing potential when the decoder output causes an LED to light.
Schuller, Ivan K. (Woodridge, IL); Ketterson, John B. (Evanston, IL); Banerjee, Indrajit (San Jose, CA)
A superconducting tape or wire with an improved critical field is formed of alternating layers of a niobium-containing superconductor such as Nb, NbTi, Nb.sub.3 Sn or Nb.sub.3 Ge with a thickness in the range of about 0.5-1.5 times its coherence length, supported and separated by layers of copper with each copper layer having a thickness in the range of about 170-600 .ANG..
Dual wire welding torch and method
Diez, Fernando Martinez (Peoria, IL); Stump, Kevin S. (Sherman, IL); Ludewig, Howard W. (Groveland, IL); Kilty, Alan L. (Peoria, IL); Robinson, Matthew M. (Peoria, IL); Egland, Keith M. (Peoria, IL)
A welding torch includes a nozzle with a first welding wire guide configured to orient a first welding wire in a first welding wire orientation, and a second welding wire guide configured to orient a second welding wire in a second welding wire orientation that is non-coplanar and divergent with respect to the first welding wire orientation. A method of welding includes moving a welding torch with respect to a workpiece joint to be welded. During moving the welding torch, a first welding wire is fed through a first welding wire guide defining a first welding wire orientation and a second welding wire is fed through a second welding wire guide defining a second welding wire orientation that is divergent and non-coplanar with respect to the first welding wire orientation.
Detonator cable initiation system safety investigation: Consequences of energizing the detonator and actuator cables
Osher, J.; Chau, H.; Von Holle, W.
This study was performed to explore and assess the worst-case response of a W89-type weapons system, damaged so as to expose detonator and/or detonator safing strong link (DSSL) cables to the most extreme, credible lightning-discharge, environment. The test program used extremely high-current-level, fast-rise-time (1- to 2-{mu}s) discharges to simulate lightning strikes to either the exposed detonator or DSSL cables. Discharges with peak currents above 700 kA were required to explode test sections of detonator cable and launch a flyer fast enough potentially to detonate weapon high explosive (HE). Detonator-safing-strong-link (DSSL) cables were exploded in direct contact with hot LX-17 and Ultrafine TATB (UFTATB). At maximum charging voltage, the discharge system associated with the HE firing chamber exploded the cables at more than 600-kA peak current; however, neither LX-17 nor UFTATB detonated at 250{degree}C. Tests showed that intense surface arc discharges of more than 700 kA/cm in width across the surface of hot UFTATB [generally the more sensitive of the two insensitive high explosives (IHE)] could not initiate this hot IHE. As an extension to this study, we applied the same technique to test sections of the much-narrower but thicker-cover-layer W87 detonator cable. These tests were performed at the same initial stored electrical energy as that used for the W89 study. Because of the narrower cable conductor in the W87 cables, discharges greater than 550-kA peak current were sufficient to explode the cable and launch a fast flyer. In summary, we found that lightning strikes to exposed DSSL cables cannot directly detonate LX-17 or UFTATB even at high temperatures, and they pose no HE safety threat.
Critical Current Test Facilities for LHC Superconducting NbTi Cable Strands
Boutboul, T; Denari�, C H; Oberli, L R; Richter, D
The Rutherford-type superconducting Cu/NbTi cables of the LHC accelerator are currently mass-produced by a few industrial firms. As a part of the acceptance tests, the critical current of superconducting multifilamentary wires is systematically measured on virgin strands to qualify the wires and on extracted strands to qualify the cables. For this purpose, four test stations are in operation at CERN to measure the critical current of strands at both 4.2 K and 1.9 K in magnetic fields in the 6-11 T range. The measurement setup and procedures of these facilities are reported in this article. The quality of the critical current test is guaranteed by supervising the SPC (Statistical Process Control) charts of a reference sample. The measurement repeatability and reproducibility of the stations are found to be excellent. Moreover, the measured critical current of a strand is found to be almost independent of the test station in which the measurement is performed.
Nuclear power plant cable materials : review of qualification and currently available aging data for margin assessments in cable performance.
Celina, Mathias Christopher; Gillen, Kenneth Todd; Lindgren, Eric Richard
A selective literature review was conducted to assess whether currently available accelerated aging and original qualification data could be used to establish operational margins for the continued use of cable insulation and jacketing materials in nuclear power plant environments. The materials are subject to chemical and physical degradation under extended radiationthermal- oxidative conditions. Of particular interest were the circumstances under which existing aging data could be used to predict whether aged materials should pass loss of coolant accident (LOCA) performance requirements. Original LOCA qualification testing usually involved accelerated aging simulations of the 40-year expected ambient aging conditions followed by a LOCA simulation. The accelerated aging simulations were conducted under rapid accelerated aging conditions that did not account for many of the known limitations in accelerated polymer aging and therefore did not correctly simulate actual aging conditions. These highly accelerated aging conditions resulted in insulation materials with mostlyinert' aging processes as well as jacket materials where oxidative damage dropped quickly away from the air-exposed outside jacket surface. Therefore, for most LOCA performance predictions, testing appears to have relied upon heterogeneous aging behavior with oxidation often limited to the exterior of the cable cross-section - a situation which is not comparable with the nearly homogenous oxidative aging that will occur over decades under low dose rate and low temperature plant conditions. The historical aging conditions are therefore insufficient to determine with reasonable confidence the remaining operational margins for these materials. This does not necessarily imply that the existing 40-year-old materials would fail if LOCA conditions occurred, but rather that unambiguous statements about the current aging state and anticipated LOCA performance cannot be provided based on original qualification testing data alone. The non-availability of conclusive predictions for the aging conditions of 40-year-old cables implies that the same levels of uncertainty will remain for any re-qualification or extended operation of these cables. The highly variable aging behavior of the range of materials employed also implies that simple, standardized aging tests are not sufficient to provide the required aging data and performance predictions for all materials. It is recommended that focused studies be conducted that would yield the material aging parameters needed to predict aging behaviors under low dose, low temperature plant equivalent conditions and that appropriately aged specimens be prepared that would mimic oxidatively-aged 40- to 60- year-old materials for confirmatory LOCA performance testing. This study concludes that it is not sufficient to expose materials to rapid, high radiation and high temperature levels with subsequent LOCA qualification testing in order to predictively quantify safety margins of existing infrastructure with regard to LOCA performance. We need to better understand how cable jacketing and insulation materials have degraded over decades of power plant operation and how this aging history relates to service life prediction and the performance of existing equipment to withstand a LOCA situation.
Mandal, Esan
space and is a Hausdorff space. One such example is the surface of a 10 sphere such as Earth, which is not a plane, but small patches of it are homeomorphic to (i.e., topologically equivalent to) patches of the Euclidean plane. 3. 2-Manifold A 2-manifold... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 III.1.1. Doo-Sabin modification in Wire modeling . . . . . . . 25 III.1.2. Rind modeling integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 III.1.3. Dimension control of the 3D pipes . . . . . . . . . . 30 III.1.4. Self...
Heat transfer and pressure drop in square duct with two opposite repeated rib-roughened walls
Lei, Chiang-Kuo
were on ribbed sur- faces. All thermocouples were constructed of 0. 05 cm copper-constantant wire. Five pressure taps along the test section were used for the static pressure drop measurements across the test duct. Three were on the smooth surface...HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE DROP IN SQUARE DUCT WITH TWO OPPOSITE REPEATED RIB-ROUGHENED WALLS A Thesis CHIANG-KUO LEI Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas ARM University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER...
Communications Copper Horizontal Cable 27 15 13-1 SECTION 27 15 13
Dawson, Clint N.
/TIA-568-C.2. C. Cable shall be listed by a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL). D. Cable
albuquerque communications cables: Topics by E-print Network
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cooling by flow of dry gas, pulsed power is assumed. Potential approaches to power distribution, cable paths, and cable design for operation in a 5 T magnetic field are described....
Marine vertical cable multiple attenuation beyond up/down separation
Tran, Andre
Marine vertical cable acquisition is an emerging technology. It represents an alternative to surface seismic acquisition in areas congested by platforms or other obstacles. The vertical cable acquisition consists of recording pressure at several...
An Energy Conservation Program at a Large Cable Manufacturing Plant
Reale, P. J.
The Atlanta Works is the largest telephone cable manufacturing plant in the world plus the manufacturing center for fiber optic cable for the Western Electric Company and exemplifies how an effective energy conservation program can work...
aged xlpe cables: Topics by E-print Network
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power is assumed. Potential approaches to power distribution, cable paths, and cable design for operation in a 5 T magnetic field are described. W. E. Cooper 2009-02-17 5...
Improved superconducting magnet wire
Schuller, I.K.; Ketterson, J.B.
This invention is directed to a superconducting tape or wire composed of alternating layers of copper and a niobium-containing superconductor such as niobium of NbTi, Nb/sub 3/Sn or Nb/sub 3/Ge. In general, each layer of the niobium-containing superconductor has a thickness in the range of about 0.05 to 1.5 times its coherence length (which for Nb/sub 3/Si is 41 A) with each copper layer having a thickness in the range of about 170 to 600 A. With the use of very thin layers of the niobium composition having a thickness within the desired range, the critical field (H/sub c/) may be increased by factors of 2 to 4. Also, the thin layers of the superconductor permit the resulting tape or wire to exhibit suitable ductility for winding on a magnet core. These compositions are also characterized by relatively high values of critical temperature and therefore will exhibit a combination of useful properties as superconductors.
Cable attachment for a radioactive brachytherapy source capsule
Gross, Ian G; Pierce, Larry A
In cancer brachytherapy treatment, a small californium-252 neutron source capsule is attached to a guide cable using a modified crimping technique. The guide cable has a solid cylindrical end, and the attachment employs circumferential grooves micromachined in the solid cable end. The attachment was designed and tested, and hardware fabricated for use inside a radioactive hot cell. A welding step typically required in other cable attachments is avoided.
Study on the recycling of waste PVC compounds from electrical wires
Roman Jr, Celso, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Zattera, Ademir Jos�, E-mail: email@example.com [Center for Exact Sciences and Technology (CCET), University of Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul-RS (Brazil)
The good mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) make it a polymer used in many applications, among which is the coating of wires and cables. The processing of PVC for this application is made using the extrusion process. The PVC waste resulting from extrusion can be recycled or placed on landfills. The objective of this work is to develop recycling methods to decrease the amount of PVC stored in landfills. This work evaluated the influence of successive processing of PVC on the final properties of the obtained compound, which will be used in the process of coating wire and cable by extrusion. The mechanical properties of the electrical wires were assessed according to the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT NBR 6251). Tests of tensile strength, elongation at break, before and after thermal aging in an oven with air circulation for a period of 168 hours at 100 �C were performed. The degradation of the PVC compound was carried out through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mechanical properties evaluation. The results showed that the compound can be reprocessed five times keeping the minimum requirements of the ABNT NBR 6251 Standard. Reprocessing was stopped upon color changing (yellowing) of the compound. Yellowing is a characteristic degradation behavior by dehydrochlorination of PVC. FTIR analysis showed changes at 1600 cm{sup ?1}, 1430 cm{sup ?1}, 685 cm{sup ?1} and 614 cm{sup ?1} bands. The performance of the PVC compound for coating electrical wire and cable was fair, meeting the requirements of the ABNT NBR 6251 Standard even after five reprocessing cycles.
Microminiature coaxial cable and method of manufacture
Bongianni, W.L.
A coaxial cable is provided having a ribbon inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a circumferential conductor. The coaxial cable may be microminiature comprising a very thin ribbon strip conductor from between 5 to 15 [mu]m thick and from 150 to 200 [mu]m wide, having a surrounding foamed dielectric or parylene applied thereon by a vapor plasma process and an outer conductor of an adhering high conductivity metal vacuum deposited on the dielectric. Alternately, the foam dielectric embodiment may have a contiguous parylene coating applied adjacent the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both. Also, the cable may be fabricated by forming a thin ribbon of strip conductive material into an inner conductor, applying thereabout a dielectric by spraying on a solution of polystyrene and polyethylene and then vacuum depositing and adhering high conductivity metal about the dielectric. The cable strength may be increased by adding glass microfilament fibers or glass microspheres to the solution of polystyrene and polyethylene. Further, the outer conductive layer may be applied by electroless deposition in an aqueous solution rather than by vacuum deposition. A thin coating of parylene is preferably applied to the outer conductor to prevent its oxidation and inhibit mechanical abrasion. 2 figs.
Microminiature coaxial cable and methods of manufacture
Bongianni, W.L.
A coaxial cable is provided having a ribbon inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a circumferential conductor. The coaxial cable may be microminiature comprising a very thin ribbon strip conductor from between 5 to 15 ..mu..m thick and from 150 to 200 ..mu..m wide, having a surrounding foamed dielectric or parylene applied thereon by a vapor plasma process and an outer conductor of an adhering high conductivity metal vacuum deposited on the dieleectric. Alternately the foam dielectric embodiment may have a contiguous parylene coating applied adjacent the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both. Also, the cable may be fabricated by forming a thin ribbon of strip conductive material into an inner conductor, applying thereabout a dielectric by spraying on a solution of polystyrene and polyethylene and then vacuum depositing and adhering high conductivity metal about the dielectric. The cable strength may be increased by adding glass microfilament fibers or glass microballoons to the solution of polystyrene and polyethylene. Further, the outer conductive layer may be applied by electroless deposition in an aqueous solution rather than by vacuum deposition. A thin coating of parylene is preferably applied to the outer conductor to prevent its oxidation and inhibit mechanical abrasion.
Falce, Louis R. (San Jose, CA); Ives, R. Lawrence (Saratoga, CA)
A porous cathode structure is fabricated from a plurality of wires which are placed in proximity to each other in elevated temperature and pressure for a sintering time. The sintering process produces the porous cathode structure which may be divided into a plurality of individual porous cathodes, one of which may be placed into a dispenser cathode support which includes a cavity for containing a work function reduction material such as BaO, CaO, and Al.sub.2O.sub.3. The work function reduction material migrates through the pores of the porous cathode from a work replenishment surface adjacent to the cavity of the dispenser cathode support to an emitting cathode surface, thereby providing a dispenser cathode which has a uniform work function and therefore a uniform electron emission.
Development length of three-eights inch diameter, seven-wire concrete prestressing cable
George, Jimmy Donnell
trar sfcr len?th& b&u'L it shou1c. no v be used f or c csi+ linc?conor c I c Blc mi&er s in v hich 'I ran, ? fe &" lc&x', I h is c emtical, 1'he above &eo?LLoned eouatio?s ~?ive on1y apozoxirz&te ind. i. cat:i ons of nec:e &sary trarcsfer ic:n ~ Lh...
Smart Wire Grid: Resisting Expectations
Ramsay, Stewart; Lowe, DeJim
Smart Wire Grid's DSR technology (Discrete Series Reactor) can be quickly deployed on electrical transmission lines to create intelligent mesh networks capable of quickly rerouting electricity to get power where and when it's needed the most. With their recent ARPA-E funding, Smart Wire Grid has been able to move from prototype and field testing to building out a US manufacturing operation in just under a year.
Method of manufacturing superconductor wire
Motowidlo, Leszek
A method for forming Nb.sub.3Sn superconducting wire is provided. The method employs a powder-in-tube process using a high-tin intermetallic compound, such as MnSn.sub.2, for producing the Nb.sub.3Sn. The use of a high-tin intermetallic compound enables the process to perform hot extrusion without melting the high-tin intermetallic compound. Alternatively, the method may entail drawing the wire without hot extrusion.
Smart Wire Grid: Resisting Expectations
Ramsay, Stewart; Lowe, DeJim
Smart Wire Grid's DSR technology (Discrete Series Reactor) can be quickly deployed on electrical transmission lines to create intelligent mesh networks capable of quickly rerouting electricity to get power where and when it's needed the most. With their recent ARPA-E funding, Smart Wire Grid has been able to move from prototype and field testing to building out a US manufacturing operation in just under a year.
HTS Wire Development Workshop: Proceedings
Not Available
The 1994 High-Temperature Superconducting Wire Development Workshop was held on February 16--17 at the St. Petersburg Hilton and Towers in St. Petersburg, Florida. The meeting was hosted by Florida Power Corporation and sponsored by the US Department of Energy`s Superconductivity Program for Electric Power Systems. The meeting focused on recent high-temperature superconducting wire development activities in the Department of Energy`s Superconductivity Systems program. The meeting opened with a general discussion on the needs and benefits of superconductivity from a utility perspective, the US global competitiveness position, and an outlook on the overall prospects of wire development. The meeting then focused on four important technology areas: Wire characterization: issues and needs; technology for overcoming barriers: weak links and flux pinning; manufacturing issues for long wire lengths; and physical properties of HTS coils. Following in-depth presentations, working groups were formed in each technology area to discuss the most important current research and development issues. The working groups identified research areas that have the potential for greatly enhancing the wire development effort. These areas are discussed in the summary reports from each of the working groups. This document is a compilation of the workshop proceedings including all general session presentations and summary reports from the working groups.
HAWC Calibration: Cabling Experience from HAWC30
to the 2"-PVC conduits (TWO on each WCD tank: one for fibers and one for HV cables) are through the field-field-enclosure for the fiber connections to the 2"-PVC conduits? · And how do the CAT5 ca- bles complicate this fur- ther? HAWC) is involved and dangerous and done 4.5m in the air on a ladder! · Left: loosen the bracket securing the PVC
AC Losses of Prototype HTS Transmission Cables
Demko, J.A.; Dresner, L.; Hughey, R.L.; Lue, J.W.; Olsen, S.K.; Sinha, U.; Tolbert, J.C.
Since 1995 Southwire Company and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have jointly designed, built, and tested nine, l-m long, high temperature superconducting (HTS) transmission cable prototypes. This paper summarizes the AC loss measurements of five of the cables not reported elsewhere, and compares the losses with each other and with theory developed by Dresner. Losses were measured with both a calorimetric and an electrical technique. Because of the broad resistive transition of the HTS tapes, the cables can be operated stably beyond their critical currents. The AC losses were measured in this region as well as below critical currents. Dresner's theory takes into account the broad resistive transition of the HTS tapes and calculates the AC losses both below and above the critical current. The two sets of AC 10SS data agree with each other and with the theory quite welL In particular, at low currents of incomplete penetration, the loss data agree with the theoretical prediction of hysteresis loss based on only the outer two Iayers carrying the total current.
Scintillation counter and wire chamber front end modules for high energy physics experiments
Baldin, Boris; DalMonte, Lou; /Fermilab
This document describes two front-end modules developed for the proposed MIPP upgrade (P-960) experiment at Fermilab. The scintillation counter module was developed for the Plastic Ball detector time and charge measurements. The module has eight LEMO 00 input connectors terminated with 50 ohms and accepts negative photomultiplier signals in the range 0.25...1000 pC with the maximum input voltage of 4.0 V. Each input has a passive splitter with integration and differentiation times of {approx}20 ns. The integrated portion of the signal is digitized at 26.55 MHz by Analog Devices AD9229 12-bit pipelined 4-channel ADC. The differentiated signal is discriminated for time measurement and sent to one of the four TMC304 inputs. The 4-channel TMC304 chip allows high precision time measurement of rising and falling edges with {approx}100 ps resolution and has internal digital pipeline. The ADC data is also pipelined which allows deadtime-less operation with trigger decision times of {approx}4 {micro}s. The wire chamber module was developed for MIPP EMCal detector charge measurements. The 32-channel digitizer accepts differential analog signals from four 8-channel integrating wire amplifiers. The connection between wire amplifier and digitizer is provided via 26-wire twist-n-flat cable. The wire amplifier integrates input wire current and has sensitivity of 275 mV/pC and the noise level of {approx}0.013 pC. The digitizer uses the same 12-bit AD9229 ADC chip as the scintillator counter module. The wire amplifier has a built-in test pulser with a mask register to provide testing of the individual channels. Both modules are implemented as a 6Ux220 mm VME size board with 48-pin power connector. A custom europack (VME) 21-slot crate is developed for housing these front-end modules.
Dynamics of sliding drops on superhydrophobic surfaces
A. Dupuis; J. M. Yeomans
We use a free energy lattice Boltzmann approach to investigate numerically the dynamics of drops moving across superhydrophobic surfaces. The surfaces comprise a regular array of posts small compared to the drop size. For drops suspended on the posts the velocity increases as the number of posts decreases. We show that this is because the velocity is primarily determined by the contact angle which, in turn, depends on the area covered by posts. Collapsed drops, which fill the interstices between the posts, behave in a very different way. The posts now impede the drop behaviour and the velocity falls as their density increases.
Wire Scanner Beam Profile Measurements for the LANSCE Facility
Gilpatrick, John D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gruchalla, Michael E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Martinez, Derwin [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Pillai, Chandra [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rodriguez Esparza, Sergio [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sedillo, James Daniel [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Smith, Brian G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is replacing beam profile measurement systems, commonly known as Wire Scanners (WS). Using the principal of secondary electron emission, the WS measurement system moves a wire or fiber across an impinging particle beam, sampling a projected transverse-beam distribution. Because existing WS actuators and electronic components are either no longer manufactured or home-built with antiquated parts, a new WS beam profile measurement is being designed, fabricated, and tested. The goals for these new WS's include using off-the-shelf components while eliminating antiquated components, providing quick operation while allowing for easy maintainability, and tolerating external radioactivation. The WS measurement system consists of beam line actuators, a cable plant, an electronics processor chassis, and software located both in the electronics chassis (National Instruments LabVIEW) and in the Central Control Room (EPICS-based client software). This WS measurement system will measure Hand H{sup +} LANSCE-facility beams and will also measure less common beams. This paper describes these WS measurement systems.
Drop History? No! | Jefferson Lab
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Drop short control of electrode gap
Fisher, Robert W. (Albuquerque, NM); Maroone, James P. (Albuquerque, NM); Tipping, Donald W. (Albuquerque, NM); Zanner, Frank J. (Sandia Park, NM)
During vacuum consumable arc remelting the electrode gap between a consumable electrode and a pool of molten metal is difficult to control. The present invention monitors drop shorts by detecting a decrease in the voltage between the consumable electrode and molten pool. The drop shorts and their associated voltage reductions occur as repetitive pulses which are closely correlated to the electrode gap. Thus, the method and apparatus of the present invention controls electrode gap based upon drop shorts detected from the monitored anode-cathode voltage. The number of drop shorts are accumulated, and each time the number of drop shorts reach a predetermined number, the average period between drop shorts is calculated from this predetermined number and the time in which this number is accumulated. This average drop short period is used in a drop short period electrode gap model which determines the actual electrode gap from the drop short. The actual electrode gap is then compared with a desired electrode gap which is selected to produce optimum operating conditions and the velocity of the consumable error is varied based upon the gap error. The consumable electrode is driven according to any prior art system at this velocity. In the preferred embodiment, a microprocessor system is utilized to perform the necessary calculations and further to monitor the duration of each drop short. If any drop short exceeds a preset duration period, the consumable electrode is rapidly retracted a predetermined distance to prevent bonding of the consumable electrode to the molten remelt.
Drop shaping by laser-pulse impact
Klein, Alexander L; Visser, Claas Willem; Lhuissier, Henri; Sun, Chao; Snoeijer, Jacco H; Villermaux, Emmanuel; Lohse, Detlef; Gelderblom, Hanneke
We study the hydrodynamic response of a falling drop hit by a laser pulse. Combining high-speed with stroboscopic imaging we report that a millimeter-sized dyed water drop hit by a milli-Joule nanosecond laser-pulse deforms and propels forward at several meters per second, until it eventually fragments. We show that the drop motion results from the recoil momentum imparted at the drop surface by water vaporization. We measure the propulsion speed and the time-deformation law of the drop, complemented by boundary integral simulations. We explain the drop propulsion and shaping in terms of the laser pulse energy and drop surface tension. These findings are crucial for the generation of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light in lithography machines.
Armored spring-core superconducting cable and method of construction
McIntyre, Peter M. (611 Montclair, College Station, TX 77840); Soika, Rainer H. (1 Hensel, #X4C, College Station, TX 77840)
An armored spring-core superconducting cable (12) is provided. The armored spring-core superconducting cable (12) may include a spring-core (20), at least one superconducting strand (24) wound onto the spring-core (20), and an armored shell (22) that encases the superconducting strands (24). The spring-core (20) is generally a perforated tube that allows purge gases and cryogenic liquids to be circulated through the armored superconducting cable (12), as well as managing the internal stresses within the armored spring-core superconducting cable (12). The armored shell (22) manages the external stresses of the armored spring-core superconducting cable (12) to protect the fragile superconducting strands (24). The armored spring-core superconducting cable (12) may also include a conductive jacket (34) formed outwardly of the armored shell (22).
Analysis of nonconcurrent cable moorings with rigid and elastic inclusions
Greer, Geral Glen
cable restraints. A major problem to be faced in the ana- lysis of cable systems subject to hydrodynamic loads is the depen- dence of the hydrodynamic drag forces upon the position of the system. This coupling effect complicates the already difficult... of interest are R , R , R = cable reactions as previously defined Bl, B2, B3 = the sum of all external forces excluding weight and hydrodynamic forces acting on the cylinder qh = directional uniform load distribut1on represent- ing the hydrodynamic...
Plasma arc torch with coaxial wire feed
Hooper, Frederick M (Albuquerque, NM)
A plasma arc welding apparatus having a coaxial wire feed. The apparatus includes a plasma arc welding torch, a wire guide disposed coaxially inside of the plasma arc welding torch, and a hollow non-consumable electrode. The coaxial wire guide feeds non-electrified filler wire through the tip of the hollow non-consumable electrode during plasma arc welding. Non-electrified filler wires as small as 0.010 inches can be used. This invention allows precision control of the positioning and feeding of the filler wire during plasma arc welding. Since the non-electrified filler wire is fed coaxially through the center of the plasma arc torch's electrode and nozzle, the wire is automatically aimed at the optimum point in the weld zone. Therefore, there is no need for additional equipment to position and feed the filler wire from the side before or during welding.
Submerged Medium Voltage Cable Systems at Nuclear Power Plants...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
Submerged Medium Voltage Cable Systems at Nuclear Power Plants: A Review of Research Efforts Relevant to Aging Mechanisms and Condition Monitoring. Re-direct Destination: In a...
aerial cable facility: Topics by E-print Network
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system demonstrate the ability of the designed platform-- Autonomous monitoring, mobile robot, crawler, sensors, underground cables, aging status. I. INTRODUCTION he Mamishev,...
A Superconducting transformer system for high current cable testing
Godeke, A.
A Superconducting Transformer System for High Current Cablea Direct-Current (DC) superconducting transformer system forhigh current test of superconducting cables. The transformer
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Finite Element Analysis of TDR Cable-Grout-Soil Mass
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Finite Element Analysis of TDR Cable-Grout-Soil Mass Interaction During............................................................................................ 13 Finite Element Analysis of Cable Shear Test............................................................................................ 22 Finite Element Analysis of Grout-Cable Composite Shear Test .................................. 25
Microsoft Word - CFN_CSD_Cabling_Infrastructure_v1.1.docx
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commissioning of the cabling systems above are also in the scope of this contract. The supplier shall provide a warranty for the installed cabling systems. Cable trays are out...
HTS Cable Projects | Department of Energy
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
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Infiniband cables installed | Argonne Leadership Computing Facility
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Policy for Dropped/Excused Assignments
Devlin, Patrick M
Policy for Dropped and Excused Quizzes/Homework. � QUIZZES/HOMEWORK. On average, students can expect about 1 quiz and 3 homework assignments per
Banner course drop/add instructions
To travel to a specific topic, please click its corresponding page number. How to Drop/Add a Class ................................................... 2. Getting Started .
Electrical wire insulation and electromagnetic coil
Bich, George J. (Penn Hills, PA); Gupta, Tapan K. (Monroeville, PA)
An electromagnetic coil for high temperature and high radiation application in which glass is used to insulate the electrical wire. A process for applying the insulation to the wire is disclosed which results in improved insulation properties.
Field corrosion testing and performance of cable shielding materials in soils
Haynes, G.; Baboian, R. (Texas Instruments Inc., Electrochemical and Corrosion Lab., 34 Forest St., Mail Station 10-13, Attleboro, MA (US))
This article discusses the importance of corrosion resistance in cable-shielding materials, describes the mechanisms of shielding corrosion that occur in buried telephone cable, and evaluates the results of the six-year REA Horry Cooperative buried telephone cable corrosion test. In this study, both active and static cables were included. Withdrawals were made over a six-year period. These cables were evaluated for cable-shielding corrosion. Special attention was paid to the comparative behavior of active and static cables. Results indicate that steel shieldings are most susceptible to the effects of alternating current (AC) in active cables. Results of a wide range of shieldings are presented and evaluated.
actin cable architecture: Topics by E-print Network
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actin cable architecture First Page Previous Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Next Page Last Page Topic Index 1 Actin Cable Dynamics and Rho...
UITV University of Iowa Cable Television ITS VIDEO SERVICES
UITV University of Iowa Cable Television ITS VIDEO SERVICES 1 UITV Telecommunication and Network Services ITS Video Services 23 Lindquist Center 319-335-5898 UITV, University of Iowa Cable Television Operations Report Calendar Year 2006 February 12, 2007 Michael J. McBride, Video Services Program Manager
Upgrading the ampacity of HPFF pipe-type cable circuits
Aabo, T.; Lawson, W.G. [Power Technologies, Inc., Schenectady, NY (United States)] [Power Technologies, Inc., Schenectady, NY (United States); Pancholi, S.V. [Potomac Electric Power Co., Washington, DC (United States)] [Potomac Electric Power Co., Washington, DC (United States)
The upgrading of several 69 kV pipe-type cable feeders on the Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO) ion cable system is The methods used for the ampacity calculation are described. The fluid circulation approach required to meet the feeder emergency load requirements are For the feeders that were in service for approximately 40 years, a system life evaluation was performed.
Spectroscopic properties of colloidal indium phosphide quantum wires
Weng, Fudong
Wires Fudong Wang, �� Heng Yu, �� Jingbo Li, ?? QinglingQuantum Wires Fudong Wang, Heng Yu, Jingbo Li, Qingling
Cables Links Cdk5 and c-Abl and Facilitates Cdk5 Tyrosine Phosphorylation, Kinase Upregulation, and Neurite Outgrowth
Zukerberg, Lawrence R
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a small serine/threonine kinase that plays a pivotal role during development of the CNS. Cables, a novel protein, interacts with Cdk5 in brain lysates. Cables also binds to and is a ...
Wire core and coronal plasma expansion in wire-array Z pinches with small numbers of wires
Shelkovenko, T. A.; Pikuz, S. A.; Douglass, J. D.; Blesener, I. C.; Greenly, J. B.; McBride, R. D.; Hammer, D. A.; Kusse, B. R. [Laboratory of Plasma Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (United States)
Wire core and coronal plasma formation and expansion in wire-array Z pinches with small numbers of wires have been studied on a 1 MA, 100 ns rise time pulsed power generator and a 500 kA, 50 ns generator. Two-frame point-projection x-ray imaging and three-frame laser optical imaging and interferometry were the principal diagnostic methods used for these studies. The x-ray images show that dense coronal plasma forms and is maintained close to each dense wire core in the array. A less dense, rapidly expanding ({approx}10 {mu}m/ns) coronal plasma, best seen in the laser images, surrounds the {approx}100 {mu}m radius dense corona. These results are in agreement with computer simulations and modeling carried out by Yu et al. [Phys. Plasmas 14, 022705 (2007)]. Results are also presented for the dependence of the wire core and coronal plasma expansion rates on the wire diameter, number of wires and current through individual wires and the overall configuration for Al, Cu, and W wire arrays. For example, the W wire dense core expansion rate increases with increasing initial wire diameter from 5.1 {mu}m (0.1 {mu}m/ns) to 12.7 {mu}m diameter (0.3 {mu}m/ns)
Pressure Drop in a Pebble Bed Reactor
Kang, Changwoo
Pressure drops over a packed bed of pebble bed reactor type are investigated. Measurement of porosity and pressure drop over the bed were carried out in a cylindrical packed bed facility. Air and water were used for working fluids. There are several...
Drop dynamics on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces
B. M. Mognetti; H. Kusumaatmaja; J. M. Yeomans
We investigate the dynamics of micron-scale drops pushed across a hydrophobic or superhydrophobic surface. The velocity profile across the drop varies from quadratic to linear with increasing height, indicating a crossover from a sliding to a rolling motion. We identify a mesoscopic slip capillary number which depends only on the motion of the contact line and the shape of the drop, and show that the angular velocity of the rolling increases with increasing viscosity. For drops on superhydrophobic surfaces we argue that a tank treading advance from post to post replaces the diffusive relaxation that allows the contact line to move on smooth surfaces. Hence drops move on superhydrophobic surfaces more quickly than on smooth geometries.
Antenna mechanism of length control of actin cables
Lishibanya Mohapatra; Bruce L. Goode; Jane Kondev
Actin cables are linear cytoskeletal structures that serve as tracks for myosin-based intracellular transport of vesicles and organelles in both yeast and mammalian cells. In a yeast cell undergoing budding, cables are in constant dynamic turnover yet some cables grow from the bud neck toward the back of the mother cell until their length roughly equals the diameter of the mother cell. This raises the question: how is the length of these cables controlled? Here we describe a novel molecular mechanism for cable length control inspired by recent experimental observations in cells. This antenna mechanism involves three key proteins: formins, which polymerize actin, Smy1 proteins, which bind formins and inhibit actin polymerization, and myosin motors, which deliver Smy1 to formins, leading to a length-dependent actin polymerization rate. We compute the probability distribution of cable lengths as a function of several experimentally tuneable parameters such as the formin-binding affinity of Smy1 and the concentration of myosin motors delivering Smy1. These results provide testable predictions of the antenna mechanism of actin-cable length control.
Cryogenic System for a High Temperature Superconducting Power Transmission Cable
Demko, J.A.; Gouge, M.J.; Hughey, R.L.; Lue, J.W.; Martin, R.; Sinha, U.; Stovall, J.P.
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable systems for power transmission are under development that will use pressurized liquid nitrogen to provide cooling of the cable and termination hardware. Southwire Company and Oak Ridge National Laboratory have been operating a prototype HTS cable system that contains many of the typical components needed for a commercial power transmission application. It is being used to conduct research in the development of components and systems for eventual commercial deployment. The cryogenic system was built by Air Products and Chemicals, Allentown, Pennsylvania, and can circulate up to 0.35 kg/s of liquid nitrogen at temperatures as low as 67 K at pressures of 1 to 10 bars. Sufficient cooling is provided for testing a 5-m-long HTS transmission cable system that includes the terminations required for room temperature electrical connections. Testing of the 5-m HTS transmission cable has been conducted at the design ac conditions of 1250 A and 7.5 kV line to ground. This paper contains a description of the essential features of the HTS cable cryogenic system and performance results obtained during operation of the system. The salient features of the operation that are important in large commercial HTS cable applications will be discussed.
Sintered wire cesium dispenser photocathode
Montgomery, Eric J; Ives, R. Lawrence; Falce, Louis R
A photoelectric cathode has a work function lowering material such as cesium placed into an enclosure which couples a thermal energy from a heater to the work function lowering material. The enclosure directs the work function lowering material in vapor form through a low diffusion layer, through a free space layer, and through a uniform porosity layer, one side of which also forms a photoelectric cathode surface. The low diffusion layer may be formed from sintered powdered metal, such as tungsten, and the uniform porosity layer may be formed from wires which are sintered together to form pores between the wires which are continuous from the a back surface to a front surface which is also the photoelectric surface.
HTS wire requirements for SMES
Schoenung, S.; Schafer, W.J.
This presentation/paper gives an overview of the Sandia National Lab`s sponsorship of W.J. Schafer Associates, Inc. to examine the following topics: the refrigeration savings possible by using high temperature superconductors (HTS) in Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES), the impact of duty cycle on refrigeration requirements, and outline the required HTS wire performance. Included are specifications for SMES applications, advantages, cost components, assumed conductor performance parameters, and the effects of duty cycle and conductor twist pitch.
Deformation processing of HTS wire
Bingert, J. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)
Methods to understand, control, and optimize deformation processing of HTS wire are outlined. Topics discussed include: technical progress, deformation processing effects on HTS - core uniformity in composite tapes, effects of rolling on tapes, deformation process modeling, channel die powder compaction stress-strain data, microhardness versus rolling reduction, minimum bifurcation strain versus material state, roll gap geometries for large versus small rolls, interactions, hydrostatic extrusion, and tensile properties.
Choosing Power Cables on the Basis of Energy Economics
Dimachkieh, S.; Brown, D. R.
Technology Conference Houston, TX, April 13-16, 1980 class. CABLE LOSSES AND OPERATING TEMPERATURE If copper losses predominate total losses per unit length are given by q = 3I2r (1) for a three conductor cable where q is cable loss in watts per unit... The parameters r and r 2 are resistances per unit l length at temperatures t l and t z respectively. T is a constant determined by the conductor material. Assuming we know r at temperature t equation (2) l l can be rewritten as r = mt + b (3) where r...
An Internal Coaxial Cable Electrical Connector For Use In Downhole Tools
Hall, David R. (Provo, UT); Hall, Jr., H. Tracy (Provo, UT); Pixton, David S. (Lehi, UT); Dahlgren, Scott (Provo, UT); Fox, Joe (Spanish Fork, UT); Sneddon, Cameron (Provo, UT); Briscoe, Michael (Lehi, UT)
A coaxial cable electrical connector more specifically an internal coaxial cable connector placed within a coaxial cable and its constituent components. A coaxial cable connector is in electrical communcation with an inductive transformer and a coaxial cable. The connector is in electrical communication with the outer housing of the inductive transfonner. A generally coaxial center conductor, a portion of which could be the coil in the inductive transformer, passes through the connector, is electrically insulated from the connector, and is in electrical communication with the conductive care of the coaxial cable. A plurality of bulbous pliant tabs on the coaxial cable connector mechanically engage the inside diameter of the coaxial cable thus grounding the transformer to the coaxial cable. The coaxial cable and inductive transformer are disposed within downhole tools to transmit electrical signals between downhole tools within a drill string.
Advanced Drop-In Biofuels Initiative Agenda
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Roundtable - USDADOEDONDOT-FAA Advanced Drop-In Biofuels Initiative Agenda May 18, 2012 8:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Jefferson Auditorium U.S. Department of Agriculture South Building...
active drop counting: Topics by E-print Network
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new stain morphologies left by drying drops. Julian Freed-Brown 2014-10-09 52 A kinematic wave theory of capacity drop Mathematical Physics (arXiv) Summary: Capacity drop...
Analysis of Subsea Buried Pipelines and Partially Buried Cables
Bai, Yanbin
obvious systems are oceanic communication cables and the increasing number of subsea power transmission systems associated with the continuing development of offshore wind farms. In this problem an important numerical modeling challenge is to allow...
Pipe-type cable ampacities in the presence of harmonics
Palmer, J.A.; Degeneff, R.C. (Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States)); McKernan, T.M.; Halleran, T.M. (Consolidated Edison Co. of NY, Inc., New York, NY (United States))
This paper explores the effect of harmonics on HPFF pipe-type transmission cable ampacity. Industry currently calculates the current carrying capacity of underground cable based on the assumption of a purely sinusoidal 60k Hz. current. However, increasing levels of harmonics on power systems have raised concern about their effect on cable ampacities. The issue has already been addressed for distribution cables. This paper begins with a discussion of Neher and McGrath's classic equations and some recent revisions, and develops a closed form composite equations accurately reflecting the effect of harmonics. The effect of frequency on the loss ratio is shown and supported by comparison with measured data at 60 Hz. and a finite element analysis at a number of harmonic frequencies. The effect of specific harmonic scenarios is shown in light of the IEEE standard on harmonics. The results are used to develop a derating factor to compensate for current harmonics on transmission systems.
The Electrical Resistance of Rutherford-Type Superconducting Cable Splices
Heck, C; Fleiter, J; Bottura, L
The electrical resistance of Large Hadron Collider main busbar cable lap splices produced by soft soldering has been measured with two independent methods as a function of intercable contact area and for splices made of cables with various defects. For defect-free lap splices, the resistance increases from 0.3 to 10 n? (at 4.3 K in self-field) when reducing the cable overlap length from 120 to 3 mm, as expected assuming that the resistance is inversely proportional to the intercable contact area. The resistance of bridge splices that connect side-by-side cables can be predicted from the lap splice resistances and the overlap areas involved.
Characterization and detection of incipient underground cable failures
Chaturbedi, Ritesh
and intentionally damaged cable sections in a controlled environment. These controlled monitoring (CE) experiments were conducted at the Downed Conductor Testing Facility at Texas A&M University Riverside Campus. The second monitoring system was used to monitor...
Correlation of electrical reactor cable failure with materials degradation
Stuetzer, O.M.
Complete circuit failure (shortout) of electrical cables typically used in nuclear power plant containments is investigated. Failure modes are correlated with the mechanical deterioration of the elastomeric cable materials. It is found that for normal reactor operation, electrical cables are reliable and safe over very long periods. During high temperature excursions, however, cables pulled across corners under high stress may short out due to conductor creep. Severe cracking will occur in short times during high temperatures (>150/sup 0/C) and in times of the order of years at elevated temperatures (100/sup 0/C to 140/sup 0/C). A theoretical treatment of stress distribution responsible for creep and for cracking by J.E. Reaugh of Science Applications, Inc. is contained in the Appendix. 29 refs., 32 figs.
Upgrading the ampacity of HPFF pipe-type cable circuits
Aabo, T.; Lawson, W.G. [Power Technologies, Inc., Schenectady, NY (United States); Pancholi, S.V. [Potomac Electric Power Co., Washington, DC (United States)
The upgrading of several 69 kV pipe-type cable feeders on the Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCo) transmission cable system is discussed. The methods used for the ampacity calculation are described. The fluid circulation approach required to meet the feeder emergency load requirements are discussed. For the feeders that were in service for approximately 40 years, a system life evaluation was performed.
Method and apparatus for fabricating superconducting wire
Kumar, N.
A method is described for fabricating a superconducting wire comprising the steps of: in a first means, sputter depositing on a base wire a partial superconduction layer consisting of at least some, but not all, of the elements of an HTS material; and in a second means, reacting said partial superconduction layer with the other element or elements, including at least one metallic element, of the HTS material so that a complete superconduction layer is formed on said base wire.
Cost-Effective Cable Insulation: Nanoclay Reinforced Ethylene-Propylene-Rubber for Low-Cost HVDC Cabling
GENI Project: GE is developing new, low-cost insulation for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electricity transmission cables. The current material used to insulate HVDC transmission cables is very expensive and can account for as much as 1/3 of the total cost of a high-voltage transmission system. GE is embedding nanomaterials into specialty rubber to create its insulation. Not only are these materials less expensive than those used in conventional HVDC insulation, but also they will help suppress excess charge accumulation. The excess charge left behind on a cable poses a major challenge for high-voltage insulation�if it�s not kept to a low level, it could ultimately lead the insulation to fail. GE�s low-cost insulation is compatible with existing U.S. cable manufacturing processes, further enhancing its cost effectiveness.
Thin californium-containing radioactive source wires
Gross, Ian G (Clinton, TN); Pierce, Larry A (Kingston, TN)
A cermet wire includes at least 1% californium-252 and is characterized by a diameter of no more than 0.0225 inch.
Processing a printed wiring board by single bath electrodeposition
Meltzer, Michael P. (Oakland, CA); Steffani, Christopher P. (Livermore, CA); Gonfiotti, Ray A. (Livermore, CA)
A method of processing a printed wiring board. Initial processing steps are implemented on the printed wiring board. Copper is plated on the printed wiring board from a bath containing nickel and copper. Nickel is plated on the printed wiring board from a bath containing nickel and copper and final processing steps are implemented on the printed wiring board.
Processing A Printed Wiring Board By Single Bath Electrodeposition
Meltzer, Michael P. (Oakland, CA); Steffani, Christopher P. (Livermore, CA); Gonfiotti, Ray A. (Livermore, CA)
A method of processing a printed wiring board by single bath electrodeposition. Initial processing steps are implemented on the printed wiring board. Copper is plated on the printed wiring board from a bath containing nickel and copper. Nickel is plated on the printed wiring board from the bath containing nickel and copper and final processing steps are implemented on the printed wiring board.
18 IEEE Transactions onPower Delivery, Vol. 14, No.1, January 1999 Leak Location in Fluid Filled Cables
, dielectric fluid leaks, fluid-filled cable. Introduction High Pressure Fluid Filled (HPFF), pipe-type cable length ofthe underground transmission cable in the country. An HPFF cable system is comprised of a steel. HPFF cable systems have proven to be very reliable. However, in some cases due to various causes
Lifetime of oil drops pressed by buoyancy against a planar interface: Large drops
Clara Rojas; M�ximo Garc�a-Sucre; Germ�n Urbina-Villalba
In a previous report [10] it was shown that emulsion stability simulations are able to reproduce the lifetime of micrometer-size drops of hexadecane pressed by buoyancy against a planar water-hexadecane interface. It was confirmed that small drops (rioil stabilized with bovine serum albumin. The potential obtained is then employed to study the lifetime of deformable drops in the range 10 \\leq ri \\leq 1000 {\\mu}m. It is established that the average lifetime of these drops can be adequately replicated using the model of truncated spheres. However, the results depend sensibly on the expressions of the initial distance of deformation and the maximum film radius used in the calculations. The set of equations adequate for large drops is not satisfactory for medium-size drops (10 \\leq ri \\leq 100 {\\mu}m), and vice versa. In the case of large particles, the increase in the interfacial area as a consequence of the deformation of the drops generates a very large repulsive barrier which opposes coalescence. Nevertheless, the buoyancy force prevails. As a consequence, it is the hydrodynamic tensor of the drops which determine the characteristic behavior of the lifetime as a function of the particle size. While the average values of the coalescence time of the drops can be justified by the mechanism of film thinning, the scattering of the experimental data of large drops cannot be rationalized using the methodology previously described. A possible explanation of this phenomenon required elaborate simulations which combine deformable drops, capillary waves, repulsive interaction forces, and a time-dependent surfactant adsorption.
arrester wires: Topics by E-print Network
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which every wire segment is set to the mini- mum Chu, Chris C.-N. 322 Optimal Choice for Number of Strands in a Litz-Wire Transformer Winding Engineering Websites Summary: wire,...
Nuclear Energy Plant Optimization (NEPO) final report on aging and condition monitoring of low-voltage cable materials.
Assink, Roger Alan; Gillen, Kenneth Todd; Bernstein, Robert
This report summarizes results generated on a 5-year cable-aging program that constituted part of the Nuclear Energy Plant Optimization (NEPO) program, an effort cosponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The NEPO cable-aging effort concentrated on two important issues involving the development of better lifetime prediction methods as well as the development and testing of novel cable condition-monitoring (CM) techniques. To address improved life prediction methods, we first describe the use of time-temperature superposition principles, indicating how this approach improves the testing of the Arrhenius model by utilizing all of the experimentally generated data instead of a few selected and processed data points. Although reasonable superposition is often found, we show several cases where non-superposition is evident, a situation that violates the constant acceleration assumption normally used in accelerated aging studies. Long-term aging results over extended temperature ranges allow us to show that curvature in Arrhenius plots for elongation is a common occurrence. In all cases the curvature results in a lowering of the Arrhenius activation energy at lower temperatures implying that typical extrapolation of high temperature results over-estimates material lifetimes. The long-term results also allow us to test the significance of extrapolating through the crystalline melting point of semi-crystalline materials. By utilizing ultrasensitive oxygen consumption (UOC) measurements, we show that it is possible to probe the low temperature extrapolation region normally inaccessible to conventional accelerated aging studies. This allows the quantitative testing of the often-used Arrhenius extrapolation assumption. Such testing indicates that many materials again show evidence of ''downward'' curvature (E{sub a} values drop as the aging temperature is lowered) consistent with the limited elongation results and many literature results. It is also shown how the UOC approach allows the probing of temperatures that cross through the crystalline melting point region of semi-crystalline materials such as XLPO and EPR cable insulations. New results on combined environment aging of neoprene and hypalon cable jacketing materials are presented and offer additional evidence in support of our time-temperature-dose rate (t-T-DR) superposition approach that had been used successfully in the past for such situations.
Improved Superconducting Wire for Wind Generators: Superconducting Wires for Direct-Drive Wind Generators
REACT Project: Brookhaven National Laboratory will develop a low-cost superconducting wire that could be used in high-power wind generators. Superconducting wire currently transports 600 times more electric current than a similarly sized copper wire, but is significantly more expensive. Brookhaven National Laboratory will develop a high-performance superconducting wire that can handle significantly more electrical current, and will demonstrate an advanced manufacturing process that has the potential to yield a several-fold reduction in wire costs while using a using negligible amount of rare earth material. This design has the potential to make a wind turbine generator lighter, more powerful, and more efficient, particularly for offshore applications.
Superconducting wire with improved strain characteristics
Luhman, Thomas (Westhampton Beach, NY); Klamut, Carl J. (E. Patchogue, NY); Suenaga, Masaki (Bellport, NY); Welch, David (Stony Brook, NY)
A superconducting wire comprising a superconducting filament and a beryllium strengthened bronze matrix in which the addition of beryllium to the matrix permits a low volume matrix to exhibit reduced elastic deformation after heat treating which increases the compression of the superconducting filament on cooling and thereby improves the strain characteristics of the wire.
Superconducting wire with improved strain characteristics
Luhman, Thomas (Westhampton Beach, NY); Klamut, Carl J. (East Patchogue, NY); Suenaga, Masaki (Bellport, NY); Welch, David (Stony Brook, NY)
A superconducting wire comprising a superconducting filament and a beryllium strengthened bronze matrix in which the addition of beryllium to the matrix permits a low volume matrix to exhibit reduced elastic deformation after heat treating which increases the compression of the superconducting filament on cooling and thereby improve the strain characteristics of the wire.
Wired for the future JOHN CLARKE1
Loss, Daniel
Wired for the future JOHN CLARKE1 AND DAVID C. LARBALESTIER2 1 Department of Physics, University temperatures Tc of the order of 100 K -- Time magazine ran the coverline "Wiring the Future at the fabric of these HTS compounds gives an indication of where the difficulties lie: the materials
Temperature Dependent Wire Delay Estimation in Floorplanning
Nannarelli, Alberto
Temperature Dependent Wire Delay Estimation in Floorplanning Andreas Thor Winther, Wei Liu, Alberto, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA Abstract--Due to large variations in temperature in VLSI cir- cuits and the linear relationship between metal resistance and temperature, the delay through wires of the same length
Conventional wire scanners for TESLA K. Wittenburg
in the undulator section. The heat load of the wires is calculated in the following for the TESLA parameters to the high heat load. At some locations in TESLA both beam diameters are larger than a few microns. The heat load defines the wire scanner parameters, mainly the scanning speed, and other limitations
Gruchalla, Michael E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The National Instruments cRIO platform is used for the new LANSCE-R wire-scanner systems. All wire-scanner electronics are integrated into a single BiRa BiRIO 4U cRIO chassis specifically designed for the cRIO crate and all interface electronics. The BiRIO chassis, actuator and LabVIEW VIs provide a complete wire-scanner system integrated with EPICS. The new wire-scanner chassis includes an 8-slot cRIO crate with Virtex-5 LX 110 FPGA and Power-PC real-time controller, the LANL-developed cRIO 2-axis wire-sensor analog interface module (AFE), NI9222 cRIO 4-channel 16-bit digitizer, cRIO resolver demodulator, cRIO event receiver, front-panel touch panel display, motor driver, and all necessary software, interface wiring, connectors and ancillary components. This wirescanner system provides a complete, turn-key, 2-axis wire-scanner system including 2-channel low-noise sensewire interface with variable DC wire bias and wireintegrity monitor, 16-bit signal digitizers, actuator motor drive and control, actuator position sensing, limit-switch interfaces, event receiver, LabVIEW and EPICS interface, and both remote operation and full stand-alone operation using the touch panel.
Microfabricated wire arrays for Z-pinch.
Spahn, Olga Blum; Rowen, Adam M.; Cich, Michael Joseph; Peake, Gregory Merwin; Arrington, Christian L.; Nash, Thomas J.; Klem, John Frederick; Romero, Dustin Heinz
Microfabrication methods have been applied to the fabrication of wire arrays suitable for use in Z. Self-curling GaAs/AlGaAs supports were fabricated as an initial route to make small wire arrays (4mm diameter). A strain relief structure that could be integrated with the wire was designed to allow displacements of the anode/cathode connections in Z. Electroplated gold wire arrays with integrated anode/cathode bus connections were found to be sufficiently robust to allow direct handling. Platinum and copper plating processes were also investigated. A process to fabricate wire arrays on any substrate with wire thickness up to 35 microns was developed. Methods to handle and mount these arrays were developed. Fabrication of wire arrays of 20mm diameter was demonstrated, and the path to 40mm array fabrication is clear. With some final investment to show array mounting into Z hardware, the entire process to produce a microfabricated wire array will have been demonstrated.
Ultrasonic characterization of single drops of liquids
Sinha, Dipen N. (Los Alamos, NM)
Ultrasonic characterization of single drops of liquids. The present invention includes the use of two closely spaced transducers, or one transducer and a closely spaced reflector plate, to form an interferometer suitable for ultrasonic characterization of droplet-size and smaller samples without the need for a container. The droplet is held between the interferometer elements, whose distance apart may be adjusted, by surface tension. The surfaces of the interferometer elements may be readily cleansed by a stream of solvent followed by purified air when it is desired to change samples. A single drop of liquid is sufficient for high-quality measurement. Examples of samples which may be investigated using the apparatus and method of the present invention include biological specimens (tear drops; blood and other body fluid samples; samples from tumors, tissues, and organs; secretions from tissues and organs; snake and bee venom, etc.) for diagnostic evaluation, samples in forensic investigations, and detection of drugs in small quantities.
Ultrasonic signatures of idealized grout defects in polyethylene-sleeved cable stays
Nakirekanti, Sreenivas
. These cable stays contain an annular layer of portland cement grout which surrounds the steel cable strands, and provides corrosion protection to the cables. During the grouting operation there is a possibility that voids may form in the grout layer and act...-type of cable-stayed bridge are as shown in Figure 4n". Problem Statement The typical arrangement of a cable stay consists of a steel multistrand cable encased in a polyethylene (PE) pipe, and grouted with portland cement or epoxy grout. Each strand in turn...
HTS powder synthesis and wire sintering
Peterson, D. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)
Successful processing of HTS wires that exhibit superconducting properties and lengths appropriate for applications requires thoroughly understanding and carefully controlling experimental parameters. Initial important processing considerations are the quality and nature of the powder used to produce the superconductor within the wire composite. Following fabrication of the wire, sintering conditions must be chosen based on a knowledge of the phase behavior of the associated materials. HTS wire studies with our industrial partners have involved Bi-2212, Bi-2223, and Tl-1223 based systems. The goals of this project`s efforts in these collaborations have been directed towards: (1) Establishing procedures for HTS powder syntheses that produce superconductors with optimal properties; (2) Studying conditions for HTS wire sintering that produce high current densities appropriate for conductor applications. The Los Alamos project involves 6 staff, 3 technicians, and 4 postdoctoral students.
Method of preparing composite superconducting wire
Verhoeven, John D. (Ames, IA); Gibson, Edwin D. (Ames, IA); Finnemore, Douglas K. (Ames, IA); Ostenson, Jerome E. (Ames, IA); Schmidt, Frederick A. (Ames, IA); Owen, Charles V. (Ames, IA)
An improved method of preparing composite multifilament superconducting wire of Nb.sub.3 Sn in a copper matrix which eliminates the necessity of coating the drawn wire with tin. A generalized cylindrical billet of an alloy of copper containing at least 15 weight percent niobium, present in the copper as discrete, randomly distributed and oriented dendritic-shaped particles, is provided with at least one longitudinal opening which is filled with tin to form a composite drawing rod. The drawing rod is then drawn to form a ductile composite multifilament wire containing a filament of tin. The ductile wire containing the tin can then be wound into magnet coils or other devices before heating to diffuse the tin through the wire to react with the niobium forming Nb.sub.3 Sn. Also described is an improved method for making large billets of the copper-niobium alloy by consumable-arc casting.
Possible Dynamically Gated Conductance along Heme Wires in Bacterial...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Possible Dynamically Gated Conductance along Heme Wires in Bacterial Multiheme Cytochromes. Possible Dynamically Gated Conductance along Heme Wires in Bacterial Multiheme...
Overload characteristics of paper-polypropylene-paper cable
Ernst, A. (Underground Systems, Inc., Armonk, NY (USA))
The short-time rating of PPP pipe-type cable may be lower than the equivalent paper cable sized to carry the same normal load. The ratings depend on the relative conductor sizes and the maximum allowable conductor temperatures of the insulation. The insulation thermal resistivity may be a significant parameter for overload times of approximately one hour and should be verified for PPP insulation. The thermal capacitance temperature characteristic of PPP insulation is not known. However, the overload ratings are not very sensitive to this parameter. Overload ratings are given for maximum conductor temperatures from 105 C to 130 C. Use of ratings based on temperatures greater than 105 C would require testing to determine the extent of degradation of the insulation at these higher temperatures. PPP-insulated cable will be thermally stable over a wider range of operating conditions (voltage and current) compared with paper-insulated cable. The short-circuit ratings of PPP- and paper-insulated cable systems and the positive/negative and zero sequence impedances are compared. 21 refs., 22 figs., 5 tabs.
Measurements of AC Losses and Current Distribution in Superconducting Cables
Nguyen, Doan A [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Ashworth, Stephen P [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Duckworth, Robert C [ORNL; Carter, Bill [AMSC; Fleshler, Steven [AMER Superconductor Corp, Devens, MA 01434
This paper presents our new experimental facility and techniques to measure ac loss and current distribution between the layers for High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) cables. The facility is powered with a 45 kVA three-phase power supply which can provide three-phase currents up to 5 kA per phase via high current transformers. The system is suitable for measurements at any frequency between 20 and 500 Hz to better understand the ac loss mechanisms in HTS cables. In this paper, we will report techniques and results for ac loss measurements carried out on several HTS cables with and without an HTS shielding layer. For cables without a shielding layer, care must be taken to control the effect of the magnetic fields from return currents on loss measurements. The waveform of the axial magnetic field was also measured by a small pick-up coil placed inside a two-layer cable. The temporal current distribution between the layers can be calculated from the waveform of the axial field.
Integrated head package cable carrier for a nuclear power plant
Meuschke, Robert E. (Monroeville, PA); Trombola, Daniel M. (Murrysville, PA)
A cabling arrangement is provided for a nuclear reactor located within a containment. Structure inside the containment is characterized by a wall having a near side surrounding the reactor vessel defining a cavity, an operating deck outside the cavity, a sub-space below the deck and on a far side of the wall spaced from the near side, and an operating area above the deck. The arrangement includes a movable frame supporting a plurality of cables extending through the frame, each connectable at a first end to a head package on the reactor vessel and each having a second end located in the sub-space. The frame is movable, with the cables, between a first position during normal operation of the reactor when the cables are connected to the head package, located outside the sub-space proximate the head package, and a second position during refueling when the cables are disconnected from the head package, located in the sub-space. In a preferred embodiment, the frame straddles the top of the wall in a substantially horizontal orientation in the first position, pivots about an end distal from the head package to a substantially vertically oriented intermediate position, and is guided, while remaining about vertically oriented, along a track in the sub-space to the second position.
Waltz Mill testing of 345-kV PPP cable
Burghardt, R.R. (Westinghouse Electric Corp., Ruffs Dale, PA (United States))
A 345-kV PPP-insulated cable was subjected to a two-year accelerated life test program at the EPRI Waltz Mill Cable Test Facility. Testing started in November 1985 and was successfully completed in September 1988. The program included conductor temperatures ranging from 85{degrees}C to 105{degrees}C and line-to-line voltages from 362 kV to 474 kV. Cyclic testing was performed during 17 of the 24 months. Dissipation factor measurements were made throughout the program. The measurements indicated no deterioration of the cable or splices as a consequence of the high temperatures and voltages applied to them in this test program. 2 refs., 24 figs.
A kinematic wave theory of capacity drop
Wen-Long Jin; Qi-Jian Gan; Jean-Patrick Lebacque
Capacity drop at active bottlenecks is one of the most puzzling traffic phenomena, but a thorough understanding is practically important for designing variable speed limit and ramp metering strategies. In this study, we attempt to develop a simple model of capacity drop within the framework of kinematic wave theory based on the observation that capacity drop occurs when an upstream queue forms at an active bottleneck. In addition, we assume that the fundamental diagrams are continuous in steady states. This assumption is consistent with observations and can avoid unrealistic infinite characteristic wave speeds in discontinuous fundamental diagrams. A core component of the new model is an entropy condition defined by a discontinuous boundary flux function. For a lane-drop area, we demonstrate that the model is well-defined, and its Riemann problem can be uniquely solved. We theoretically discuss traffic stability with this model subject to perturbations in density, upstream demand, and downstream supply. We clarify that discontinuous flow-density relations, or so-called "discontinuous" fundamental diagrams, are caused by incomplete observations of traffic states. Theoretical results are consistent with observations in the literature and are verified by numerical simulations and empirical observations. We finally discuss potential applications and future studies.
LANSCE wire scanning diagnostics device mechanical design
Rodriguez Esparza, Sergio [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is one of the major experimental science facilities at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The core of LANSCE's work lies in the operation of a powerful linear accelerator, which accelerates protons up to 84% the speed oflight. These protons are used for a variety of purposes, including materials testing, weapons research and isotopes production. To assist in guiding the proton beam, a series of over one hundred wire scanners are used to measure the beam profile at various locations along the half-mile length of the particle accelerator. A wire scanner is an electro-mechanical device that moves a set of wires through a particle beam and measures the secondary emissions from the resulting beam-wire interaction to obtain beam intensity information. When supplemented with data from a position sensor, this information is used to determine the cross-sectional profile of the beam. This measurement allows beam operators to adjust parameters such as acceleration, beam steering, and focus to ensure that the beam reaches its destination as effectively as possible. Some of the current wire scanners are nearly forty years old and are becoming obsolete. The problem with current wire scanners comes in the difficulty of maintenance and reliability. The designs of these wire scanners vary making it difficult to keep spare parts that would work on all designs. Also many of the components are custom built or out-dated technology and are no longer in production.
Potential impacts of vertical cable seismic: modeling, resolution and multiple attenuation
Wilson, Ryan Justin
Vertical cable seismic methods are becoming more relevant as we require high quality and high resolution seismic data in both land and marine environments. Our goal in this thesis is to demonstrate the impacts of vertical cable surveying...
Amendment to LM-07-12 for Fiber Optic Cable Trenching at the...
Amendment to LM-07-12 for Fiber Optic Cable Trenching at the Westminster, Colorado, Office Amendment to LM-07-12 for Fiber Optic Cable Trenching at the Westminster, Colorado,...
Complete Fiber/Copper Cable Solution for Long-Term Temperature...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Complete FiberCopper Cable Solution for Long-Term Temperature and Pressure Measurement in Supercritical Reservoirs and EGS Wells Complete FiberCopper Cable Solution for Long-Term...
Plastic Deformation of 2D Crumpled Wires
M A F Gomes; V P Brito; A S O Coelho; C C Donato
When a single long piece of elastic wire is injected trough channels into a confining two-dimensional cavity, a complex structure of hierarchical loops is formed. In the limit of maximum packing density, these structures are described by several scaling laws. In this paper it is investigated this packing process but using plastic wires which give origin to completely irreversible structures of different morphology. In particular, it is studied experimentally the plastic deformation from circular to oblate configurations of crumpled wires, obtained by the application of an axial strain. Among other things, it is shown that in spite of plasticity, irreversibility, and very large deformations, scaling is still observed.
Thermal hydraulic characteristics study of prototype NET and CEA cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs)
Maekawa, Ryuji
The thermal hydraulic characteristics of low temperature helium in a Cable-in-Conduit Conductor (CICC) significantly affects the overall design and performance of the associated large scale superconducting magnet system. It is essential to understand the transient and steady state behavior of the helium in the conductor. Throughout the development of CICCs, the reduction of flow impedance has been one of the key factors to improving the overall pressure drop. The newly developed CICC for the ITER project has a hybrid cooling scheme: a central channel that is surrounded by bundles, for which the thermal hydraulic characteristics are not well understood. This thesis describes an experimental and analytical investigation of thermal hydraulic characteristics of low temperature helium in conventional and hybrid CICCS. Pressure drop measurements for both NET and CEA conductors have been conducted, using low temperature helium and liquid nitrogen to obtain a range of Reynolds numbers. The results are correlated with classical friction factor and Reynolds number analysis. The flow impedance reduction of the CEA conductor is described by measures of a developed flow model. Thermally induced flow in the CEA conductor has been studied with an inductive heating method. The induced velocity in the central channel is measured by a Pitot tube with steady state Reynolds number up to {approximately}7000. The transient pressure wave propagation has been recorded with pressure transducers placed equally along the conductor. The supercritical helium temperature in the central channel has been measured with the thermometer probe. However, the reduction of the central channel area significantly affects the overall thermal hydraulic characteristics of the conductor. The results suggest the importance of the central channel. A transient heat transfer experiment studied the.transverse heat transfer mechanism in the CEA conductor. The temperatures in the central channel and bundle region were measured with different sized heat pulses. The results are discussed in terms of a heat transfer model which is based upon the communication of the helium in the central channel and bundle.
Chemically etched modulation in wire radius for wire array Z-pinch perturbation studies.
Bland, Simon Nicholas (Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, UK); Lebedev, S. V. (Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, UK); Hall, G. (Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, UK); Ramacciotti, J. P. (MPCL/Ktech Corp., Albuquerque, New Mexico); Griego, A. E. (MPCL/Ktech Corp., Albuquerque, New Mexico); Lobley, Dennis Keith (MPCL/Ktech Corp., Albuquerque, New Mexico); Martin, K. L. (MPCL/Ktech Corp., Albuquerque, New Mexico); Ampleford, David J. (Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, UK); McKenney, John Lee; Bott, S. C. (Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, UK); Garrity, James Emmett (MPCL/Ktech Corp., Albuquerque, New Mexico); Jones, B.; Rapley, J. (Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, UK); Deeney, Christopher; Palmer, J. B. A. (Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London, UK)
A technique for manufacturing wires with imposed modulation in radius with axial wavelengths as short as 1 mm is presented. Extruded aluminum 5056 with 15 {micro}m diameter was masked and chemically etched to reduce the radius by {approx}20% in selected regions. Characterized by scanning electron microscopy, the modulation in radius is a step function with a {approx}10 {micro}m wide conical transition between thick and thin segments, with some pitting in etched regions. Techniques for mounting and aligning these wires in arrays for fast z-pinch experiments will be discussed. Axially mass-modulated wire arrays of this type will allow the study of seeded Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in z pinches, corona formation, wire initiation with varying current density in the wire core, and correlation of perturbations between adjacent wires. This tool will support magnetohydrodynamics code validation in complex three-dimensional geometries, and perhaps x-ray pulse shaping.
Chemically etched modulation in wire radius for wire array Z-pinch perturbation studies
Jones, B.; Deeney, C.; McKenney, J.L.; Garrity, J.E.; Lobley, D.K.; Martin, K.L.; Griego, A.E.; Ramacciotti, J.P.; Bland, S.N.; Lebedev, S.V.; Bott, S.C.; Ampleford, D.J.; Palmer, J.B.A.; Rapley, J.; Hall, G. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123 (United States); MPCL/Ktech Corp., Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123 (United States); Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ (United Kingdom)
A technique for manufacturing wires with imposed modulation in radius with axial wavelengths as short as 1 mm is presented. Extruded aluminum 5056 with 15 {mu}m diameter was masked and chemically etched to reduce the radius by {approx}20% in selected regions. Characterized by scanning electron microscopy, the modulation in radius is a step function with a {approx}10 {mu}m wide conical transition between thick and thin segments, with some pitting in etched regions. Techniques for mounting and aligning these wires in arrays for fast z-pinch experiments will be discussed. Axially mass-modulated wire arrays of this type will allow the study of seeded Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in z pinches, corona formation, wire initiation with varying current density in the wire core, and correlation of perturbations between adjacent wires. This tool will support magnetohydrodynamics code validation in complex three-dimensional geometries, and perhaps x-ray pulse shaping.
Southampton, University of
PARTIAL DISCHARGE TESTING OF DEFECTIVE THREE-PHASE PILC CABLE UNDER RATED CONDITIONS J. A. Hunter 1 lifespan. An increase in the failure rates of paper insulated lead covered (PILC) cables that make up is to document the effects of mechanical stress on the generation of partial discharge (PD) for cables of PILC
Improvements to Existing Jefferson Lab Wire Scanners
McCaughan, Michael D. [JLAB; Tiefenback, Michael G. [JLAB; Turner, Dennis L. [JLAB
This poster will detail the augmentation of selected existing CEBAF wire scanners with commercially available hardware, PMTs, and self created software in order to improve the scanners both in function and utility.
Exploiting level sensitive latches in wire pipelining�
Seth, Vikram
The present research presents procedures for exploitation of level sensitive latches in wire pipelining. The user gives a Steiner tree, having a signal source and set of destination or sinks, and the location in rectangular plane, capacitive load...
Energetic additive manufacturing process with feed wire
Harwell, Lane D. (Albuquerque, NM); Griffith, Michelle L. (Albuquerque, NM); Greene, Donald L. (Corrales, NM); Pressly, Gary A. (Sandia Park, NM)
A process for additive manufacture by energetic wire deposition is described. A source wire is fed into a energy beam generated melt-pool on a growth surface as the melt-pool moves over the growth surface. This process enables the rapid prototyping and manufacture of fully dense, near-net shape components, as well as cladding and welding processes. Alloys, graded materials, and other inhomogeneous materials can be grown using this process.
Robust Measurement Feedback Control of an Inclined Cable
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
a robust control strategy based on modern control tools for distributed parameter systems, hal-00784727 on the construction of a standard linear infinite dimensional state space system and an H feedback control). !"#$%& # ' ( )"#$%& "*++$!++&, - *. , , Fig. 1. Inclined Cable This paper is devoted to the design of control laws for a vi- brating system
A Superconducting transformer system for high current cable testing
Godeke, A.; Dietderich, D. R.; Joseph, J. M.; Lizarazo, J.; Prestemon, S. O.; Miller, G.; Weijers, H. W.
This article describes the development of a direct-current (dc) superconducting transformer system for the high current test of superconducting cables. The transformer consists of a core-free 10 464 turn primary solenoid which is enclosed by a 6.5 turn secondary. The transformer is designed to deliver a 50 kA dc secondary current at a dc primary current of about 50 A. The secondary current is measured inductively using two toroidal-wound Rogowski coils. The Rogowski coil signal is digitally integrated, resulting in a voltage signal that is proportional to the secondary current. This voltage signal is used to control the secondary current using a feedback loop which automatically compensates for resistive losses in the splices to the superconducting cable samples that are connected to the secondary. The system has been commissioned up to 28 kA secondary current. The reproducibility in the secondary current measurement is better than 0.05% for the relevant current range up to 25 kA. The drift in the secondary current, which results from drift in the digital integrator, is estimated to be below 0.5 A/min. The system's performance is further demonstrated through a voltage-current measurement on a superconducting cable sample at 11 T background magnetic field. The superconducting transformer system enables fast, high resolution, economic, and safe tests of the critical current of superconducting cable samples.
UITV University of Iowa Cable Television ITS VIDEO SERVICES
UITV University of Iowa Cable Television ITS VIDEO SERVICES 1 UITV Report for Fiscal Year July 1 and Student Video Productions. o Programs are received from satellite programming services, like SCOLA foreign a venue for student programming, like Daily Iowan Television News and Student Video Productions. · On July
INCOMING WIRE/ACH University units expecting to receive funds via wire or ACH (Automated Clearing House) should inform the
Arnold, Jonathan
INCOMING WIRE/ACH University units expecting to receive funds via wire or ACH (Automated Clearing form. The Bursar's Office cannot properly record there funds until University units provide deposit Transmittal and fax the completed form to 706-583-0832. OUTGOING WIRES University units needing to wire funds
A scanning wire beam profile monitor
Steinbach, Ch.; van Rooij, M.
The transverse profile of the circulating beam of the CERN PS is obtained from the interaction between the particles and a thin wire rapidly moving through it. The signal from a secondary particles monitor or the secondary emission current of the wire is sampled against the wire position every four beam revolutions in the machine. A stand-alone desk computer performs the real-time control of the wire displacement as well as the acquisitions and calculations necessary to display the profiles and the corresponding emittances. A traversing speed of 20 m/s in the measurement area is reached, using a high torque motor rigidly linked to a U shaped wire holder. All elements are carefully designed and chosen for low inertia and minimum load on the wire. This enables measurements of high energy beams of more than 10/sup 13/ p/p in the PS with negligible emittance blow-up due to multiple scattering. This blow-up is still acceptable at injection energy. A link to the PS main computer allows operation from any one of the main consoles.
Ultrasonic characterization of single drops of liquids
Sinha, D.N.
Ultrasonic characterization of single drops of liquids is disclosed. The present invention includes the use of two closely spaced transducers, or one transducer and a closely spaced reflector plate, to form an interferometer suitable for ultrasonic characterization of droplet-size and smaller samples without the need for a container. The droplet is held between the interferometer elements, whose distance apart may be adjusted, by surface tension. The surfaces of the interferometer elements may be readily cleansed by a stream of solvent followed by purified air when it is desired to change samples. A single drop of liquid is sufficient for high-quality measurement. Examples of samples which may be investigated using the apparatus and method of the present invention include biological specimens (tear drops; blood and other body fluid samples; samples from tumors, tissues, and organs; secretions from tissues and organs; snake and bee venom, etc.) for diagnostic evaluation, samples in forensic investigations, and detection of drugs in small quantities. 5 figs.
Experimental Investigation of Wind-Forced Drop Stability
Schmucker, Jason
aluminum (RA = 3.26 micrometers) floor of a tiltable wind tunnel and brought to critical conditions, when the drop begins to run downstream. Various combinations of drop size, inclination angle, and flow speed were employed. A measurement technique capable...
Controlling drop coalescence using nano-engineered surfaces
Corral, Manuel, Jr
The dynamics of drop coalescence are explored on micro-scale surface features for the first time. Drop coalescence is defined as a process by which two or more droplets, bubbles or particles merge during contact to form a ...
air drop: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
by Peter Titus Fill pipe Cold vent pipe 12;Flexible transfer line McDonald, Kirk 96 A kinematic wave theory of capacity drop Mathematical Physics (arXiv) Summary: Capacity drop...
antioxidant eye drops: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
by Peter Titus Fill pipe Cold vent pipe 12;Flexible transfer line McDonald, Kirk 120 A kinematic wave theory of capacity drop Mathematical Physics (arXiv) Summary: Capacity drop...
Self-excited hydrothermal waves in evaporating sessile drops�
Sefiane K.; Moffat J.R.; Matar O.K.; Craster R.V.
Pattern formation driven by the spontaneous evaporation of sessile drops of methanol, ethanol, and FC-72 using infrared thermography is observed and, in certain cases, interpreted in terms of hydrothermal waves. Both methanol and ethanol drops...
Laser Ablation of Aluminium: Drops and Voids Johannes Roth1
Roth, Johannes
for aluminium and a complex metallic alloy. Here we will concentrate on how drops or clusters and voids canLaser Ablation of Aluminium: Drops and Voids Johannes Roth1 , Johannes Karlin1 , Christian Ulrich2
Second Generation HTs Wire Based on RABiTS Substrates and MOD YBCO
Schoop, U. [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Rupich, Marty [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Thieme, C. L. H. [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Verebelyi, D. T. [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Zhang, W. [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Li, Xiaoping [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Kodenkandath, Thomas [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Nguyen, N. [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Siegal, E. E. [American Superconductor Corporation, Westborough, MA; Civale, L. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Holesinger, T. G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Maiorov, B. [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Goyal, Amit [ORNL; Paranthaman, Mariappan Parans [ORNL
The performance of Second Generation (2G) high temperature superconducting wire manufactured by continuous reel-to-reel processes is nearing the 300 A/cm-width (77 K, self field) performance threshold for commercial power cable applications. The 2G manufacturing approach under development at American Superconductor is based on the combination of the RABiTS substrate-buffer technology with metal organic deposition (MOD) of the YBCO layer. The capability of this process has been demonstrated in multiple 10 meter lengths with critical currents exceeding 250 A/cm-width with high uniformity and reproducibility. Critical currents of 380 A/cm-width have been achieved in short length samples prepared by the same basic process. The incorporation of nanoparticles ('nanodots') into the YBCO layer using the MOD process has resulted in a 2-fold improvement in the critical current at 65 K in a 3 T field. The research and development focus at ASMC is now directed toward the economical scale-up of the RABiTS/MOD process, optimization of the conductor properties for targeted applications and the use of 2G wire in initial demonstration applications.
Performance of reduced wall EPR insulated medium voltage power cables. Pat 1: Electrical characteristics
Cinquemani, P.L.; Wen, Y.; Kuchta, F.L.; Doench, C. [Pirelli Cable Corp., Lexington, SC (United States)] [Pirelli Cable Corp., Lexington, SC (United States)
Paper insulated lead covered cables (PILC) have had a long and successful heritage. After almost 100 years, this design of cable is still in operation and continues to be manufactured. However, utilities are now looking for a reliable replacement for PILC cables. This is due to two primary reasons: (1) difficulty in installing and maintaining this type of cable and (2) increasing pressure to replace these cables due to environmental concerns. To date diameter limitations of conventional extruded dielectric cables has impeded their replacement in existing PILC conduits. This paper describes a study for the evaluation for reliably reducing the insulation thickness to achieve a lower diameter cable to effectively replace PILC cable in existing conduits. Part 1 of the investigation reviews the theory of insulation wall determination and the test program carried out to evaluate electrical performance of reduced wall EPR cables. Additionally, cable design concepts and constructions are discussed. In Part 2 the mechanical performance on conventional and reduced wall EPR insulated cables are evaluated. This is reported in a separate paper.
Static Analysis of the Lumped Mass Cable Model Using a Shooting Algorithm
Masciola, M. D.; Nahon, M.; Driscoll, F. R.
This paper focuses on a method to solve the static configuration for a lumped mass cable system. The method demonstrated here is intended to be used prior to performing a dynamics simulation of the cable. Conventional static analysis approaches resort to dynamics relaxation methods or root-finding algorithms (such as the Newton-Raphson method) to find the equilibrium profile. The alternative method demonstrated here is general enough for most cable configurations (slack or taut) and ranges of cable elasticity. The forces acting on the cable are attributable to elasticity, weight, buoyancy, and hydrodynamics. For the three-dimensional problem, the initial cable profile is obtained by solving three equations, regardless of the cable discretization resolution. This analysis discusses regions and circumstances under which failures in the method are encountered.
MOTION OF ELECTRON-HOLE DROPS IN Ge
Westervelt, R.M.
MOTION OF ELECTRON-HOLE DROPS IN Ge R. M. Westervelt, J. C.MOTION OF ELECTRON-HOLE DROPS IN Ge R. M. Westervelt, J. C.OF ELECTRON-HOLE DROPS IN Ge R M Westervelt, J C Culbertson
Administrative Policy: Drop/Add Policy Page 1 of 1
Hardy, Christopher R.
Administrative Policy: Drop/Add Policy Page 1 of 1 Governance & Policies Effective: October 1997 Administrative Policy DROP/ADD POLICY Approved: October 1997 Revised: 2002; 2004; June 8, 2011 Deans' Council. There is no automatic drop policy for nonattendance. PASSHE universities are expected to adhere to the System
Supercooled Water Drops Impacting Superhydrophobic Textures Tanmoy Maitra,
Daraio, Chiara
Supercooled Water Drops Impacting Superhydrophobic Textures Tanmoy Maitra, Carlo Antonini, Manish K with superhydrophobic surface textures is of fundamental significance for unraveling the mechanisms of icing as well investigate the problem of supercooled water drops impacting superhydrophobic textures for drop supercooling
Stranded Wire With Uninsulated Strands as a Low-Cost Alternative to Litz Wire
the power loss, is measured experimen- tally. The analytical model is solved to get an optimal pitch, which to 100 kHz. Compared with the same transformer using a solid wire winding, about 67 percent less power loss at 100 kHz is achieved using stranded wire. Using the loss-prediction model provided in this paper
New Technologies for Repairing Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants
Simmons, Kevin L.; Fifield, Leonard S.; Westman, Matthew P.
The goal of this project is to demonstrate a proof-of-concept for a technique to repair aging cables that have been subjected to degradation associated with long-term thermal and radiation exposure in nuclear power plants. The physical degradation of the aging cables manifests itself primarily as cracking and increased brittleness of the polymeric electrical insulation. Therefore, the proposed cable-repair concept comprises development of techniques to impart a softening agent within the deteriorated polymer insulation jacket so as to regain the ability of the insulation to stretch without failing and possibly to heal existing cracks in the insulation. Our approach is to use commercially available ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) as the relevant test material, demonstrate the adsorption of chemical treatments in the EPR and quantify changes in resulting physical and mechanical properties. EPR cable samples have been thermally treated in air to produce specimens corresponding to the full range of cable age-performance points from new (>350% elongation at break) to end-of-life (<50% elongation at break). The current focus is on two chemical treatments selected as candidates for restoring age-related cable elasticity loss: a rubber plasticizer and a reactive silane molecule. EPR specimens of 200, 150, 100, and 50% elongation at break have been soaked in the candidate chemical treatments and the kinetics of chemical uptake, measured by change in mass of the samples, has been determined. Mechanical properties as a function of aging and chemical treatment have been measured including ultimate tensile strength, tensile modulus at 50% strain, elongation at break, and storage modulus. Dimensional changes with treatment and changes in glass transition temperature were also investigated. These ongoing experiments are expected to provide insight into the physical-chemical nature of the effect of thermal degradation on EPR rejuvenation limits and to advance novel methods for restoring the ability of degraded EPR to be compliant and resist fracture. The results of this research reveal that absorption of chemical treatments can lower the glass transition temperature and modulus of EPR. Chemical treatments pursued thus far have proven ineffective at restoring EPR strength and elongation at break. Future work will combine the plasticizer modalities found to successfully increase the volume of the EPR, reduce EPR glass transition temperature and reduce EPR modulus with promising chemistries that will repair the damage of the polymer, potentially using the plasticizer as a host for the new chemistry.
Vertical vibration and shape oscillation of acoustically levitated water drops
Geng, D. L.; Xie, W. J.; Yan, N.; Wei, B., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072 (China)
We present the vertical harmonic vibration of levitated water drops within ultrasound field. The restoring force to maintain such a vibration mode is provided by the resultant force of acoustic radiation force and drop gravity. Experiments reveal that the vibration frequency increases with the aspect ratio for drops with the same volume, which agrees with the theoretical prediction for those cases of nearly equiaxed drops. During the vertical vibration, the floating drops undergo the second order shape oscillation. The shape oscillation frequency is determined to be twice the vibration frequency.
Dynamics of Ferrofluidic Drops Impacting Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Bolleddula, D A; Alliseda, A; Bhosale, P; Berg, J C
This is a fluid dynamics video illustrating the impact of ferrofluidic droplets on surfaces of variable wettability. Surfaces studied include mica, teflon, and superhydrophobic. A magnet is placed beneath each surface, which modifies the behavior of the ferrofluid by applying additional downward force apart from gravity resulting in reduced droplet size and increased droplet velocity. For the superhydrophobic droplet a jetting phenomena is shown which only occurs in a limited range of impact speeds, higher than observed before, followed by amplified oscillation due to magnetic field as the drop stabilizes on the surface.
Method and device for tensile testing of cable bundles
Robertson, Lawrence M; Ardelean, Emil V; Goodding, James C; Babuska, Vit
A standard tensile test device is improved to accurately measure the mechanical properties of stranded cables, ropes, and other composite structures wherein a witness is attached to the top and bottom mounting blocks holding the cable under test. The witness is comprised of two parts: a top and a bottom rod of similar diameter with the bottom rod having a smaller diameter stem on its upper end and the top rod having a hollow opening in its lower end into which the stem fits forming a witness joint. A small gap is present between the top rod and the larger diameter portion of the bottom rod. A standard extensometer is attached to the top and bottom rods of the witness spanning this small witness gap. When a force is applied to separate the mounting blocks, the gap in the witness expands the same length that the entire test specimen is stretched.
Aging, Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LOCA), and high potential testing of damaged cables
Vigil, R.A. [Science & Engineering Associates, Inc., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Jacobus, M.J. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Experiments were conducted to assess the effects of high potential testing of cables and to assess the survivability of aged and damaged cables under Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LOCA) conditions. High potential testing at 240 Vdc/mil on undamaged cables suggested that no damage was incurred on the selected virgin cables. During aging and LOCA testing, Okonite ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) cables with a bonded jacket experienced unexpected failures. The failures appear to be primarily related to the level of thermal aging and the presence of a bonded jacket that ages more rapidly than the insulation. For Brand Rex crosslinked polyolefin (XLPO) cables, the results suggest that 7 mils of insulation remaining should give the cables a high probability of surviving accident exposure following aging. The voltage necessary to detect when 7 mils of insulation remain on unaged Brand Rex cables is approximately 35 kVdc. This voltage level would almost certainly be unacceptable to a utility for use as a damage assessment tool. However, additional tests indicated that a 35 kvdc voltage application would not damage virgin Brand Rex cables when tested in water. Although two damaged Rockbestos silicone rubber cables also failed during the accident test, no correlation between failures and level of damage was apparent.
LANSCE Wire Scanner System Prototype: Switchyard Test
Sedillo, James D [Los Alamos National Laboratory
On November 19, 2011, the beam diagnostics team of Los Alamos National Laboratory's LANSCE accelerator facility conducted a test of a prototype wire scanner system for future deployment within the accelerator's switchyard area. The primary focus of this test was to demonstrate the wire scanner control system's ability to extend its functionality beyond acquiring lower energy linac beam profile measurements to acquiring data in the switchyard. This study summarizes the features and performance characteristics of the electronic and mechanical implementation of this system with details focusing on the test results.
Determining Remaining Useful Life of Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants � Interim Study FY13
Simmons, Kevin L.; Fifield, Leonard S.; Westman, Matthew P.; Ramuhalli, Pradeep; Pardini, Allan F.; Tedeschi, Jonathan R.; Jones, Anthony M.
The most important criterion for cable performance is its ability to withstand a design-basis accident. With nearly 1000 km of power, control, instrumentation, and other cables typically found in an NPP, it would be a significant undertaking to inspect all of the cables. Degradation of the cable jacket, electrical insulation, and other cable components is a key issue that is likely to affect the ability of the currently installed cables to operate safely and reliably for another 20 to 40 years beyond the initial operating life. The development of one or more nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques and supporting models that could assist in determining the remaining life expectancy of cables or their current degradation state would be of significant interest. The ability to nondestructively determine material and electrical properties of cable jackets and insulation without disturbing the cables or connections has been deemed essential. Currently, the only technique accepted by industry to measure cable elasticity (the gold standard for determining cable insulation degradation) is the indentation measurement. All other NDE techniques are used to find flaws in the cable and do not provide information to determine the current health or life expectancy. There is no single NDE technique that can satisfy all of the requirements needed for making a life-expectancy determination, but a wide range of methods have been evaluated for use in NPPs as part of a continuous evaluation program. The commonly used methods are indentation and visual inspection, but these are only suitable for easily accessible cables. Several NDE methodologies using electrical techniques are in use today for flaw detection but there are none that can predict the life of a cable. There are, however, several physical and chemical ptoperty changes in cable insulation as a result of thermal and radiation damage. In principle, these properties may be targets for advanced NDE methods to provide early warning of aging and degradation. Examples of such key indicators include changes in chemical structure, mechanical modulus, and dielectric permittivity. While some of these indicators are the basis of currently used technologies, there is a need to increase the volume of cable that may be inspected with a single measurement, and if possible, to develop techniques for in-situ inspection (i.e., while the cable is in operation). This is the focus of the present report.
HTS Wire Development Group: Achievements, technology transfer, and plans
Riley, G.N. Jr. [American Superconductor Corp., Westborough, MA (United States)
The objective of the HTS wire development group is to develop high performance HTS wire for use in electric power systems. The HTS wire development group personnel is listed. The HTS wire development group achievements are outlined. These achievements include: focusing on the development of high performance and cost effective HTS wire; HTS wires were fabricated in laboratory scale and production scale lengths; ACS has fabricated the only conductor in the world to meet or surpass the DOE FY94 goals for electric power applications development; these wire fabrication successes at ASC are a direct result of the long-term collaboration between ASC and the other HTS Wire Development Group members; and plans are in place for a successful FY95 program.
automated wire tension: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
and on top of electronic circuits. The Physarum wires can be insulated with a silicon oil without loss of functionality. We show that a Physarum wire self-heals: end of a cut...
Accuracy of Reduced and Extended Thin-Wire Kernels
Burke, G J
Some results are presented comparing the accuracy of the reduced thin-wire kernel and an extended kernel with exact integration of the 1/R term of the Green's function and results are shown for simple wire structures.
atom wire formation: Topics by E-print Network
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of the atomic and solid-state systems. This is achieved by capacitively coupling a superconduct- ing wire van der Wal, Caspar H. 264 MFR PAPER 1069 Coded wire tagging...
atomic gold wires: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
of the atomic and solid-state systems. This is achieved by capacitively coupling a superconduct- ing wire van der Wal, Caspar H. 232 Efficient Wire Formats for High Performance...
atom wires assembled: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
of the atomic and solid-state systems. This is achieved by capacitively coupling a superconduct- ing wire van der Wal, Caspar H. 216 Efficient Wire Formats for High Performance...
Performance of reduced wall EPR insulated medium voltage power cables. Part 2: Mechanical characteristics
Wen, Y.; Cinquemani, P.L. [Pirelli Cable Corp., Lexington, SC (United States)
For the replacement of paper insulated lead covered cables (PILC) reduced insulation wall designs have been developed. They provide a reliable lower diameter cable design for installation in existing PILC conduits. Representing Part 2 of the investigation, this paper presents the results of mechanical testing conducted on both reduced and full wall EPR insulated cables. Both jacketed and non-jacketed cable designs have been subjected to mechanical pulling forces which greatly exceed recommended industry limitations, followed by electrical testing to ascertain cable performance. The results of this study conclude that reduced wall EPR insulated cables can safely withstand the same pulling forces as recommended for conventional walls and can be designed for installation under the same pulling limitations.
Method and apparatus for electrical cable testing by pulse-arrested spark discharge
Barnum, John R. (Albuquerque, NM); Warne, Larry K. (Albuquerque, NM); Jorgenson, Roy E. (Albuquerque, NM); Schneider, Larry X. (Albuquerque, NM)
A method for electrical cable testing by Pulse-Arrested Spark Discharge (PASD) uses the cable response to a short-duration high-voltage incident pulse to determine the location of an electrical breakdown that occurs at a defect site in the cable. The apparatus for cable testing by PASD includes a pulser for generating the short-duration high-voltage incident pulse, at least one diagnostic sensor to detect the incident pulse and the breakdown-induced reflected and/or transmitted pulses propagating from the electrical breakdown at the defect site, and a transient recorder to record the cable response. The method and apparatus are particularly useful to determine the location of defect sites in critical but inaccessible electrical cabling systems in aging aircraft, ships, nuclear power plants, and industrial complexes.
Porous coatings from wire mesh for bone implants
Sump, Kenneth R. (Richland, WA)
A method of coating areas of bone implant elements and the resulting implant having a porous coating are described. Preselected surface areas are covered by a preform made from continuous woven lengths of wire. The preform is compressed and heated to assure that diffusion bonding occurs between the wire surfaces and between the surface boundaries of the implant element and the wire surfaces in contact with it. Porosity is achieved by control of the resulting voids between the bonded wire portions.
Tests of industrial ethylene-propylene rubber high voltage cable for cryogenic use
Balhan, B; Goddard, B; Muratori, G; Otwinowski, S; Rieubland, Jean Michel; Wang, H; CERN. Geneva. SPS and LEP Division
At the beginning of 1999 UCLA has received a prototype High Voltage Cryogenic Cable supplied fee of charge by Pirelli. The cable is intended for more than ten years of service at 100 kV D.C. and liquid argon temperature. Thecable uses an all welded construction, whichi is axially tight and free of ionizable voids. The cable was submitted to a number of mechanical and electrical tests as described below.
Logistical Networking Sharing More than the Wires
Plank, Jim
Network as approaches to flexible implementation of advanced network protocols. We describe the Internet. The goal of computer networking is typically taken to be communication, i.e. the transmission of data1 Logistical Networking Sharing More than the Wires Micah Beck, Terry Moore, Jim Plank, Martin
MANAGING WIRE DELAY IN CHIP MULTIPROCESSOR CACHES Bradford M. Beckmann
Wood, David A.
. In contrast, transmission lines can reduce on-chip wire delay by an order of magnitude versus conventional wires and provide low latency to all shared cache banks. We demonstrate on-chip transmission lines provided by transmission lines and reduce off-chip misses versus a design using conventional wires. We
Coalescence of bubbles and drops in an outer fluid
Joseph D. Paulsen; R�mi Carmigniani; Anerudh Kannan; Justin C. Burton; Sidney R. Nagel
When two liquid drops touch, a microscopic connecting liquid bridge forms and rapidly grows as the two drops merge into one. Whereas coalescence has been thoroughly studied when drops coalesce in vacuum or air, many important situations involve coalescence in a dense surrounding fluid, such as oil coalescence in brine. Here we study the merging of gas bubbles and liquid drops in an external fluid. Our data indicate that the flows occur over much larger length scales in the outer fluid than inside the drops themselves. Thus we find that the asymptotic early regime is always dominated by the viscosity of the drops, independent of the external fluid. A phase diagram showing the crossovers into the different possible late-time dynamics identifies a dimensionless number that signifies when the external viscosity can be important.
Development of a large-capacity superconducting cable for 100 kVA-class power transformers
Funaki, K.; Iwakuma, M.; Satoh, S.; Hiramatsu, M.; Takeo, M.; Yamafuji, K.; Nonaka, S. (Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka (Japan). Faculty of Engineering); Hoshino, M.; Simada, M.; Yoneda, E.S. (Toshiba Corp., Yokohama (JP))
This paper reports that the authors have designed and fabricated a large-capacity superconducting cable for 1000k VA-class power transformers. The cable is a triply-stacked multi-strand (6 {times} 6 {times} 6) type. The elementary strand has 19,050 NbTi filaments of 0.63 mm thick in CuNi matrix. The test cable is installed as the secondary winding in a superconducting transformer with iron core in a room-temperature space. The primary winding is the second-level subcable of the secondary one and the turn ratio is nearly 14. The designed capacity of the test cable is 4.545 kA at the secondary voltage of 220V. The peak value of the current, 6.43kA (peak), is 78% of the critical current on the load line. The maximum current of the cable at 60Hz operation was 3.78kA (peak). The attained level of the secondary winding is 47% of the critical current. In the 60Hz operation of a small coil wound by the test cable, premature quench was initiated from the terminals of the cable connected with copper plates. It is suggested from the experimental results that the degradation in maximum current of the test cable is related to current transfer between the cable and the copper terminal plates.
Complete Fiber/Copper Cable Solution for Long-Term Temperature...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
| US DOE Geothermal Program eere.energy.gov Talented technical team - Specialty fiber optics development, testing, and production - Downhole cable and tool development and...
The effect of technology on cable service to large, networked communities
Harmeling, Paul K. (Paul Kristoffer), 1975-
Delivering cable television to college and university campuses is maintained by a highly specialized industry which involves significant technological and logistical challenges. As campuses continue to contribute financial ...
O.A.R. 734-055 - Pole Lines, Buried Cables, Pipe lines, Signs...
buried cables, pipe lines, signs miscellaneous operations upon state highway right-of-way and properties under the jurisdiction of the department of transportation. Published N...
Complete Fiber/Copper Cable Solution for Long-Term Temperature...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
tool. EGS Challenges for Cable Performance: - Very high temperatures - Highly corrosive environment - High pressure - Self supporting deployment 3 | US DOE Geothermal Office...
Numerical Investigation of the Dynamics of drop formation and pitch ...
Dec 3, 2012 ... A generic application is to use microfluidic devices to tune drop size distributions. In these multi-phase processes, immiscible components are�...
Method for reducing pressure drop through filters, and filter exhibiting reduced pressure drop
Sappok, Alexander; Wong, Victor
Methods for generating and applying coatings to filters with porous material in order to reduce large pressure drop increases as material accumulates in a filter, as well as the filter exhibiting reduced and/or more uniform pressure drop. The filter can be a diesel particulate trap for removing particulate matter such as soot from the exhaust of a diesel engine. Porous material such as ash is loaded on the surface of the substrate or filter walls, such as by coating, depositing, distributing or layering the porous material along the channel walls of the filter in an amount effective for minimizing or preventing depth filtration during use of the filter. Efficient filtration at acceptable flow rates is achieved.
High density harp or wire scanner for particle beam diagnostics
Fritsche, Craig T. (Overland Park, KS); Krogh, Michael L. (Lee's Summit, MO)
A diagnostic detector head harp (23) used to detect and characterize high energy particle beams using an array of closely spaced detector wires (21), typically carbon wires, spaced less than 0.1 cm (0.040 inch) connected to a hybrid microcircuit (25) formed on a ceramic substrate (26). A method to fabricate harps (23) to obtain carbon wire spacing and density not previously available utilizing hybrid microcircuit technology. The hybrid microcircuit (25) disposed on the ceramic substrate (26) connects electrically between the detector wires (21) and diagnostic equipment (37) which analyzes pulses generated in the detector wires (21) by the high energy particle beams.
High density harp or wire scanner for particle beam diagnostics
Fritsche, C.T.; Krogh, M.L.
Disclosed is a diagnostic detector head harp used to detect and characterize high energy particle beams using an array of closely spaced detector wires, typically carbon wires, spaced less than 0.1 cm (0.040 inch) connected to a hybrid microcircuit formed on a ceramic substrate. A method to fabricate harps to obtain carbon wire spacing and density not previously available utilizing hybrid microcircuit technology. The hybrid microcircuit disposed on the ceramic substrate connects electrically between the detector wires and diagnostic equipment which analyzes pulses generated in the detector wires by the high energy particle beams. 6 figs.
Production process for advanced space satellite system cables/interconnects.
Mendoza, Luis A.
This production process was generated for the satellite system program cables/interconnects group, which in essences had no well defined production process. The driver for the development of a formalized process was based on the set backs, problem areas, challenges, and need improvements faced from within the program at Sandia National Laboratories. In addition, the formal production process was developed from the Master's program of Engineering Management for New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology in Socorro New Mexico and submitted as a thesis to meet the institute's graduating requirements.
Long Island HTS Power Cable | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
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Project Fact Sheet Long Island HTS Power Cable Superconducting
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742EnergyOn April 23, 2014, an OHASeptember 2010 | Department ofPlantLong Island HTS Power Cable
Low Voltage Cables Market Analysis | OpenEI Community
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Low Voltage Cables Market Trends | OpenEI Community
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Low Voltage Cables Market size | OpenEI Community
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Grain growth behavior of Pb-Cu-Te cable sheathing alloys
Sahay, S.S.; Guruswamy, S. [Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States). Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering] [Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States). Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering; Goodwin, F. [International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)] [International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)
Lead alloys are extensively used as sheathing material for power and telecommunication cables. Excellent extrusion properties, high ductility, extremely low recrystallization temperature, good fatigue and creep resistance, make these alloys ideal for cable sheathing application. Though the thickness of the lead sheath is only a few hundred {mu}m, it is a critical component of the cable. The lead layer in the cable is often the limiting factor both during the cable production and during its service phase. Up to several hundred miles of long single piece cables may be required for underground and underwater cables. Cracking in the lead sheath during the cable sheathing extrusion limits the production of such long cables while cracking of the lead sheath due to repeated vibration, creep and recrystallization limits the service life of these cables. The purpose of the present research is to increase the duration of cable extrusion time without compromising sheath integrity by minimizing deleterious precipitate formation and growth. Concentrations of Cu and Te in the commercial alloy are too small to contribute to precipitation strengthening. Therefore their positive influence on mechanical strength should mainly result from the influence of Cu and Te in solution on interdiffusivity and grain boundary mobility. The formation of large precipitates observed in Pb-Cu-Te alloys can be minimized and extrusion times increased without negatively affecting mechanical properties if the solute content is reduced to near solid solubility levels. In order to examine the effect of lowering solute content on microstructural stability and mechanical properties, compressive stress-strain behavior of a Pb-50 wt ppm Cu-100 wt ppm Te alloy with solute contents close to the solubility limits and a Pb-400 wt ppm Cu-400 wt ppm Te alloy was examined at room temperature. The grain growth kinetics in these alloys were studied in a temperature range of 100 to 225 C.
Lam, P; Philip Zapp, P; Jonathan Duffey, J; Kerry Dunn, K
Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of 304L stainless steel used to construct the containment vessels for the storage of plutonium-bearing materials. The tear drop corrosion specimens each with an autogenous weld in the center were placed in contact with moist plutonium oxide and chloride salt mixtures. Cracking was found in two of the specimens in the heat affected zone (HAZ) at the apex area. Finite element analysis was performed to simulate the specimen fabrication for determining the internal stress which caused SCC to occur. It was found that the tensile stress at the crack initiation site was about 30% lower than the highest stress which had been shifted to the shoulders of the specimen due to the specimen fabrication process. This finding appears to indicate that the SCC initiation took place in favor of the possibly weaker weld/base metal interface at a sufficiently high level of background stress. The base material, even subject to a higher tensile stress, was not cracked. The relieving of tensile stress due to SCC initiation and growth in the HAZ and the weld might have foreclosed the potential for cracking at the specimen shoulders where higher stress was found.
The effect of confinement on the deformation of microfluidic drops
Ulloa, Camilo; Cordero, Mar�a Luisa
We study the deformation of drops squeezed between the floor and ceiling of a microchannel and subjected to a hyperbolic flow. We observe that the maximum deformation of drops depends on both the drop size and the rate of strain of the external flow and can be described with power laws with exponents 2.59 +/- 0.28 and 0.94 +/- 0.04 respectively. We develop a theoretical model to describe the deformation of squeezed drops based on the Darcy approximation for shallow geometries and the use of complex potentials. The model describes the steady-state deformation of the drops as a function of a non-dimensional parameter Ca d^2, where Ca is the capillary number (proportional to the strain rate and the drop size) and d is a confinement parameter equal to the drop size divided by the channel height. For small deformations, the theoretical model predicts a linear relationship between the deformation of drops and this parameter, in good agreement with the experimental observations.
Self-propelled jumping drops on superhydrophobic surfaces
Chen, Chuan-Hua
Self-propelled jumping drops on superhydrophobic surfaces Jonathan B. Boreyko and Chuan-Hua Chena-propelled jumping phenomenon for coa- lescing drops on superhydrophobic surfaces. The spontane- ous motion is powered by surface energy released upon coalescence.1,2 On a horizontal, chilled superhydrophobic surface
Packing of elastic wires in flexible shells
Vetter, Roman; Herrmann, Hans J
The packing problem of long thin filaments that are injected into confined spaces is of fundamental interest for physicists, biologists and materials engineers alike. How linear threads pack and coil is well known only for the ideal case of rigid containers, however. Here, we force long elastic rods into flexible spatial confinement borne by an elastic shell to examine under which conditions recently acquired knowledge on wire packing in rigid spheres breaks down. We find that unlike in rigid cavities, friction plays a key role by giving rise to the emergence of two distinct packing patterns. At low friction, the wire densely coils into an ordered toroidal bundle with semi-ellipsoidal cross section, while at high friction, it packs into a highly disordered, self-similar structure. These two morphologies are shown to be separated by a continuous phase transition.
Packing of elastic wires in flexible shells
Roman Vetter; Falk K. Wittel; Hans J. Herrmann
The packing problem of long thin filaments that are injected into confined spaces is of fundamental interest for physicists, biologists and materials engineers alike. How linear threads pack and coil is well known only for the ideal case of rigid containers, however. Here, we force long elastic rods into flexible spatial confinement borne by an elastic shell to examine under which conditions recently acquired knowledge on wire packing in rigid spheres breaks down. We find that unlike in rigid cavities, friction plays a key role by giving rise to the emergence of two distinct packing patterns. At low friction, the wire densely coils into an ordered toroidal bundle with semi-ellipsoidal cross section, while at high friction, it packs into a highly disordered, self-similar structure. These two morphologies are shown to be separated by a continuous phase transition.
Processing and properties of superconductor wires
Singh, J.P.; Dorris, S.E.; Lanagan, M.T.; Wu, C.T.; Goretta, K.C.; Joo, J.; Balachandran, U.; Poeppel, R.B.
Variables in fabrication of superconductor wires by extrusion and by powder-in-tube processing are discussed. Decomposition of plastically extruded YBCO is minimized by firing at reduced total pressure. Extruded wires of YBCO were densified with fine-grained microstructures by sintering at an oxygen partial pressure of 10{sup {minus}3} MPa. A reduction in average grain size from 23 to 4 {mu}m increased strength from 83 to 191 MPa. Addition of 15 vol. % Ag particles further increased the strength to 220 MPa, with the increase resulting from compressive stresses in YBCO matrix due to the Ag. In powder-in-tube processing, primary considerations are the mechanical-working and heating schedules. The best properties in Ag-clad Bi-based superconductors were obtained with many small reductions during working and by use of liquid-phase formation during sintering to promote grain growth. 12 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Valuable bridges : cable-stayed bridges and value engineering in American civil engineering culture, 1969-1979
Samuels, Fallon M. (Fallon Michele)
A history and theory of cable-stayed bridges in the context of a cultural discourse on civil construction projects' value, this thesis studies the significance of cable-stayed bridge designs to 'value engineering' objectives ...
HTS wire development at Intermagnetic General Corporation
Haldar, P. [Intermagnetics General Corp., Latham, NY (United States)
The HTS wire development program at Intermagnetics General Corporation is outlined. Technical achievements in the Bi-2223, Tl-1223 and Tl-based conductor program are summarized. Long lengths of Tl-based HTS tapes with uniform transport properties have been fabricated. Multifilament samples of Tl-based HTS tapes have been fabricated for the first time. Optimization of thermomechanical processing is ongoing and weak links is still a major problem in P-I-T tapes. Future work is summarized.
Effort on Developing Cabled Ocean Observatories Research Assitant, Institute of Mechatronics Control Engineering, Zhejiang University
Frandsen, Jannette B.
of Mechatronics Control Engineering, Zhejiang University Post-doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Ocean and Resources Engineering, University of Hawaii Abstract Cabled ocean observatory that enables abundant powerEffort on Developing Cabled Ocean Observatories in China Yanhu Chen Research Assitant, Institute
Mathematical modeling of electromagnetic wave propagation in heterogeneous lossy coaxial cables with
Boyer, Edmond
]. However, as pointed Defect Piezo-electric sensor Co-axial cable Piezo-electric sensor Co-axial cable the Project team POEMS of INRIA and the laboratory LIST of CEA Saclay. The general objective of this collaboration has been the nu- merical simulation of piezo-electric sensors used for non destructive testing
Wrench-Closure Workspace Generation for Cable Driven Parallel Manipulators using a Hybrid
Melbourne, University of
. The manipulator's movement is regulated through the actuation of the individual cables that are attached the dynamics, modelling and control of the system. In addition, cable mounting points at the base platform can). This limitation creates challenging problems in the control of the manipulator [15] and workspace #12
An Internal Coaxial Cable Electrical Connector For Use In Downhole Tools
Hall, David R. (Provo, UT); Hall, Jr., H. Tracy (Provo, UT); Pixton, David S. (Lehi, UT); Dahlgren, Scott (Provo, UT); Fox, Joe (Spanish Fork, UT); Sneddon, Cameron (Provo, UT); Briscoe, Michael (Lehi, UT)
A seal for a coaxial cable electrical connector more specifically an internal seal for a coaxial cable connector placed within a coaxial cable and its constituent components. A coaxial cable connector is in electrical communcation with an inductive transformer and a coaxial cable. The connector is in electrical communication with the outer housing of the inductive transformer. A generally coaxial center conductor, a portion of which could be the coil in the inductive transformer, passes through the connector, is electrically insulated from the connector, and is in electrical communication with the conductive core of the coaxial cable. The electrically insulating material also doubles as a seal to safegaurd against penetration of fluid, thus protecting against shorting out of the electrical connection. The seal is a multi-component seal, which is pre-compressed to a desired pressure rating. The coaxial cable and inductive transformer are disposed within downhole tools to transmit electrical signals between downhole tools within a drill string. The internal coaxial cable connector and its attendant seal can be used in a plurality of downhole tools, such as sections of pipe in a drill string, drill collars, heavy weight drill pipe, and jars.
Aalborg Universitet Line Differential Protection Scheme Modelling for Underground 420 kV Cable Systems
Bak, Claus Leth
alternating current) cable system, a detailed approach to EMTDC/PSCAD modelling of protective relays configuration of the protective relaying. The present paper describes modelling methodology on the basis differential protection, XLPE HVAC cable, EMTDC/PSCAD relay model, SIPROTEC 4 7SD522, 7SD610. 1. Introduction
Direct perturbation analysis on cables with concentrated loads P. Yu *, K. Pan
Yu, Pei
cables, overhead transmission lines, etc. The study of vibrations of suspended cables is of great is the galloping of overhead transmission lines which may cause severe disruptions in the electrical supply and even a cas- cading collapse of a line�?s supporting towers. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +1
High-Temperature Superconducting Cable Testing Gregory S. Boebinger, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
Weston, Ken
and need for improvement. A 20-strand cable sample was wound into a 12-turn coil, which is also a first of HTS coil technology needed, for example, for the design of a 60 T DC hybrid magnet at the MagLab PhD student who recently formed a company to develop his ideas for making cables out of REBCO coated
A Prototype Wire Position Monitoring System
Wang, Wei
The Wire Position Monitoring System (WPM) will track changes in the transverse position of LCLS Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) to 1{micro}m over several weeks. This position information will be used between applications of beam based alignment to correct for changes in component alignment. The WPM system has several requirements. The sensor range must be large enough so that precision sensor positioning is not required. The resolution needs to be small enough so that the signal can be used to monitor motion to 1{micro}m. The system must be stable enough so that system drift does not mimic motion of the component being monitored. The WPM sensor assembly consists of two parts, the magnetic sensor and an integrated lock-in amplifier. The magnetic sensor picks up a signal from the alternating current in a stretched wire. The voltage v induced in the sensor is proportional to the wire displacement from the center of the sensor. The integrated lock-in amplifier provides a DC output whose magnitude is proportional to the AC signal from the magnetic sensor. The DC output is either read on a digital voltmeter or digitized locally and communicated over a computer interface.
Development of optimized PPP insulated pipe-cable systems in the commercial voltage range
Allam, E.M.; McKean, A.L. (Cablec Corp., Yonkers, NY (United States))
The primary objectives of this project included the development of an alternate domestic source of Paper-Polypropylene-Paper (PPP) laminate and the development of optimized designs for PPP-insulated pipe-type cable systems in the commercial voltage range. The development of a domestic source of PPP laminate was successfully completed. This laminate was utilized throughout the program for fabrication of full-size prototype cables submitted for laboratory qualification tests. Selected cables at rated voltages of 138, 230 and 345kV have been designed, fabricated and subjected to the series of qualification tests leading to full laboratory qualification. An optimized design of 2000 kcmil, 345kV cable insulated with 600 mils of domestic PPP laminate was fabricated and successfully passed all laboratory qualification tests. This cable design was subsequently installed at Waltz Mill to undergo the series of field tests leading to full commercial qualification.
Field Demonstration of a 24-kV Superconducting Cable at Detroit Edison
Kelley, Nathan; Corsaro, Pietro
Customer acceptance of high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable technology requires a substantial field demonstration illustrating both the system's technical capabilities and its suitability for installation and operation within the utility environment. In this project, the world's first underground installation of an HTS cable using existing ductwork, a 120 meter demonstration cable circuit was designed and installed between the 24 kV bus distribution bus and a 120 kV-24 kV transformer at Detroit Edison's Frisbie substation. The system incorporated cables, accessories, a refrigeration system, and control instrumentation. Although the system was never put in operation because of problems with leaks in the cryostat, the project significantly advanced the state-of-the-art in the design and implementation of Warm Dielectric cable systems in substation applications. Lessons learned in this project are already being incorporated in several ongoing demonstration projects.
New MV cable design for wet environments in underground distribution systems
Teixeira, M.D.R. Jr. (Ficap Fios e Cabos Plasticos do Brasil SA, Rio De Janeiro (BR))
This paper describes the development of new wet design MV power cables, up to 35 kV, using EPDM compound as insulation and longitudinal water tightness. The combination of the cable design and the type of insulation compound allow for reduction of the insulation thickness in such a way, as to have an electrical stress at the conductor of 4 kV/mm which is significantly greater than used in MV distribution cables. Following a methodology established, at the author's company, the reliability of this design, cable and EPDM's formulation, in wet location, without metallic water barriers, was well demonstrated. Mini-installation of model cables in service-like conditions, to estimate the ageing rate, are presented and discussed.
Development of 500 kV DC PPLP-insulated oil-filled submarine cable
Fujimori, A. [Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc., Osaka (Japan)] [Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc., Osaka (Japan); Tanaka, T. [Electric Power Development Co., Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)] [Electric Power Development Co., Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Takashima, H. [Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc., Kagawa (Japan)] [Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc., Kagawa (Japan); Imajo, T. [Central Research Inst. of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo (Japan)] [Central Research Inst. of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo (Japan); Hata, R. [Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., Osaka (Japan)] [Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd., Osaka (Japan); Tanabe, T. [Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)] [Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Yoshida, S. [Fujikura, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)] [Fujikura, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan); Kakihana, T. [Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)] [Hitachi Cable, Ltd., Tokyo (Japan)
This paper outlines the development of a 500 kV DC oil-filled submarine cable capable of transmitting 2,800 MW with {+-} 500 kV 2800A bipole system. Polypropylene Laminated Paper (PPL) was employed as the insulation material, which is the worlds first application to DC cables. The conductor size is 3,000 mm{sup 2}, which is the largest size for submarine cables ever put into practical use. Through various fundamental and prototype tests, the cable proved to have excellent electrical characteristics for DC voltage as well as transient overvoltage. The cable and accessories are currently undergoing a long-term accelerated aging test as the final confirmation of their reliability and stability.
CUDI A Model for Calculation of Electrodynamic and Thermal Behaviour of Superconducting Rutherford Cables
Verweij, A
CUDI is the extended Fortran code to calculate the electrodynamic and thermal behaviour of any type of Rutherford cable subject to global and/or local variations in field, transport current, and external heat release. The internal parameters of the cable can be freely varied along the length and across the width, such as contact resistances, critical current, cooling rates etc. In this way, all the typical non-uniformities occurring in a cable, e.g. broken filaments, strand welds, cable joints, and edge degradation can be simulated. Also the characteristics of the strands in the cable can be varied from strand to strand. Heat flows through the matrix, through the interstrand contacts, and to the helium are incorporated, as well as the self-field and self- and mutual inductances between the strands. The main features and structure of the program will be discussed.
Evaluation of 230 kV HPFF pipe-type cable with wrinkled and creased insulating tapes
Seman, G.W.; Katz, C. [Cable Technology Labs., Inc., New Brunswick, NJ (United States)] [Cable Technology Labs., Inc., New Brunswick, NJ (United States); Pancholi, S.V. [Potomac Electric Power Co., Washington, DC (United States)] [Potomac Electric Power Co., Washington, DC (United States)
Severe collapse wrinkles and circumferential creases were discovered in the cellulose paper insulating tapes of a newly installed IIPFF pipe-type cable during splicing and terminating. An evaluation program was developed to assess the electrical and mechanical integrity of the cable having wrinkled and creased insulating tapes. The test results indicated that the cable would perform satisfactorily in service.
Radiative cooling of two-component wire-array Z-pinch plasma
Ivanov, V. V.; Mancini, R. C.; Papp, D.; Hakel, P.; Durmaz, T. [Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (United States); Florido, R. [Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (United States); Departamento de F�sica, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Spain)
Wire-array two-component Z-pinch plasmas containing Al and other elements were studied experimentally and the observations interpreted with the help of theoretical modeling. Special attention was given to achieving reproducible implosions. Cascading implosions in star wire arrays mix components during the implosion phase and implosion dynamics were not affected by changes in concentration. A reduction in Al K-shell radiation and an increase in soft x-ray radiation emission were observed in Al-W plasma with 84% concentration of Al ions compared to only-Al plasma. Plasma with 84% of Al ions has radiative properties like those of W Z-pinches. The analysis of Al K-shell x-ray spectra with a collisional-radiative atomic kinetics model shows a drop of the electron temperature from 400?eV in pure Al plasma to below 300?eV in the Al-W mix. Al-Au Z-pinches present radiation features similar to Al-W plasma. This is indicative of a similar plasma cooling effect due to the presence of a high-Z element.
Performance Evaluation of K-DEMO Cable-in-conduit Conductors Using the Florida Electro-Mechanical Cable Model
Zhai, Yuhu
The United States ITER Project Office (USIPO) is responsible for design of the Toroidal Field (TF) insert coil, which will allow validation of the performance of significant lengths of the conductors to be used in the full scale TF coils in relevant conditions of field, current density and mechanical strain. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) will build the TF insert which will be tested at the Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) Test facility at JAEA, Naka, Japan. Three dimensional mathematical model of TF Insert was created based on the initial design geometry data, and included the following features: orthotropic material properties of superconductor material and insulation; external magnetic field from CSMC, temperature dependent properties of the materials; pre-compression and plastic deformation in lap joint. Major geometrical characteristics of the design were preserved including cable jacket and insulation shape, mandrel outline, and support clamps and spacers. The model is capable of performing coupled structural, thermal, and electromagnetic analysis using ANSYS. Numerical simulations were performed for room temperature conditions; cool down to 4K, and the operating regime with 68kA current at 11.8 Tesla background field. Numerical simulations led to the final design of the coil producing the required strain levels on the cable, while simultaneously satisfying the ITER magnet structural design criteria.
Influence of insulating coating on aluminum wire explosions
Li, Yang; Wu, Jian, E-mail: email@example.com [State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049 (China); State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulse Radiation of Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024 (China); Sheng, Liang; Zhao, Jizhen; Zhang, Mei; Yuan, Yuan; Peng, Bodong [State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulse Radiation of Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi'an 710024 (China); Li, Xingwen [State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049 (China)
Single wire explosions are widely used in understanding the early stages of z-pinch experiments. This paper presents a serial of experiments conducted on the pulse power generator with ?1?kA peak current and ?10?ns rising time in Xi'an Jiao Tong University. Polyimide coated aluminum wires and uncoated ones were tested under three different voltages to analyze the effect of insulating coating. Experimental results showed that insulating coating can increase the energy deposition 10%?30% in aluminum wires by delaying the voltage collapse and raising the maximum load resistance. The substantial energy deposition resulted in about 20% faster expansion rates for coated wires. Experimental evidence that plasma channel shunts the current from the wire core was observed by streak camera and schlieren graphs. This paper also briefly discussed the influence of nonuniform coating on the morphology of wire expansion.
System and method for evaluating a wire conductor
Panozzo, Edward; Parish, Harold
A method of evaluating an electrically conductive wire segment having an insulated intermediate portion and non-insulated ends includes passing the insulated portion of the wire segment through an electrically conductive brush. According to the method, an electrical potential is established on the brush by a power source. The method also includes determining a value of electrical current that is conducted through the wire segment by the brush when the potential is established on the brush. The method additionally includes comparing the value of electrical current conducted through the wire segment with a predetermined current value to thereby evaluate the wire segment. A system for evaluating an electrically conductive wire segment is also disclosed.
Self-ratcheting Stokes drops driven by oblique vibrations
Karin John; Uwe Thiele
We develop and analyze a minimal hydrodynamic model in the overdamped limit to understand why a drop climbs a smooth homogeneous incline that is harmonically vibrated at an angle different from the substrate normal [Brunet, Eggers and Deegan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 144501 (2007)]. We find that the vibration component orthogonal to the substrate induces a nonlinear (anharmonic) response in the drop shape. This results in an asymmetric response of the drop to the parallel vibration and, in consequence, in the observed net motion. Beside establishing the basic mechanism, we identify scaling laws valid in a broad frequency range and a flow reversal at high frequencies.
Radiation from mixed multi-planar wire arrays
Safronova, A. S.; Kantsyrev, V. L.; Esaulov, A. A.; Weller, M. E.; Shlyaptseva, V. V.; Shrestha, I.; Keim, S. F.; Stafford, A. [Physics Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (United States)] [Physics Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (United States); Chuvatin, A. S. [Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau (France)] [Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau (France); Coverdale, C. A. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico (United States)] [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico (United States); Apruzese, J. P. [Consultant to NRL through Engility Corp., Chantilly, Virginia 20151 (United States)] [Consultant to NRL through Engility Corp., Chantilly, Virginia 20151 (United States); Ouart, N. D.; Giuliani, J. L. [Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375 (United States)] [Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375 (United States)
The study of radiation from different wire materials in wire array Z-pinch plasma is a very challenging topic because it is almost impossible to separate different plasmas at the stagnation. A new approach is suggested based on planar wire array (PWA) loads to assess this problem. Multi-planar wire arrays are implemented that consist of few planes, each with the same number of wires and masses but from different wire materials, arranged in parallel rows. In particular, the experimental results obtained with triple PWAs (TPWAs) on the UNR Zebra generator are analyzed with Wire Ablation Dynamics Model, non-local thermodynamic equilibrium kinetic model, and 2D radiation magneto-hydrodynamic to illustrate this new approach. In TPWAs, two wire planes were from mid-atomic-number wire material and another plane was from alloyed Al, placed either in the middle or at the edge of the TPWA. Spatial and temporal properties of K-shell Al and L-shell Cu radiations were analyzed and compared from these two configurations of TPWAs. Advantages of the new approach are demonstrated and future work is discussed.
Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power and Light) - Farm Wiring Financing...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Power and Light) offers a farm wiring financing program to increase farm safety, productivity and efficiency, while decreasing the potential for stray voltage on livestock...
An Updated Assessement of Copper Wire Thefts from Electric Utilities...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
from Electric Utilities - October 2010 An Updated Assessement of Copper Wire Thefts from Electric Utilities - October 2010 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of...
Elastic anisotropy in multifilament Nb3Sn superconducting wires
Scheuerlein, C; Alknes, P; Arnau, G; Bjoerstad, R; Bordini, B
The elastic anisotropy caused by the texture in the Nb3Sn filaments of PIT and RRP wires has been calculated by averaging the estimates of Voigt and Reuss, using published Nb3Sn single crystal elastic constants and the Nb3Sn grain orientation distribution determined in both wire types by Electron Backscatter Diffraction. At ambient temperature the calculated Nb3Sn E-moduli in axial direction in the PIT and the RRP wire are 130 GPa and 140 GPa, respectively. The calculated E-moduli are compared with tensile test results obtained for the corresponding wires and extracted filament bundles.
Radiation Testing of a Low Voltage Silicone Nuclear Power Plant Cable.
White II, Gregory Von; Schroeder, John Lee.; Sawyer, Patricia Sue.; Wichhart, Derek; Mata, Guillermo Adrian; Zorrilla, Jorge; Bernstein, Robert
This report summarizes the results generated in FY13 for cable insulation in support of the Department of Energy's Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program, in collaboration with the US-Argentine Binational Energy Working Group (BEWG). A silicone (SiR) cable, which was stored in benign conditions for ~30 years, was obtained from Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA) in Argentina with the approval of NA-SA (Nucleoelectrica Argentina Sociedad Anonima). Physical property testing was performed on the as-received cable. This cable was artificially aged to assess behavior with additional analysis. SNL observed appreciable tensile elongation values for all cable insulations received, indicative of good mechanical performance. Of particular note, the work presented here provides correlations between measured tensile elongation and other physical properties that may be potentially leveraged as a form of condition monitoring (CM) for actual service cables. It is recognized at this point that the polymer aging community is still lacking the number and types of field returned materials that are desired, but Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) -- along with the help of others -- is continuing to work towards that goal. This work is an initial study that should be complimented with location-mapping of environmental conditions of Argentinean plant conditions (dose and temperature) as well as retrieval, analysis, and comparison with in- service cables.
Tests of Fiber Optic Cables at 300 and 4.2 K
Huisman, F
Strange ''cavity lights'' have been observed in Superconducting Radio Frequency (SCRF) Cavities. In order to understand this phenomenon a spectral analysis of the light is necessary. However, the extreme conditions presented within the cavity require the equipment to function at cryogenic temperatures. Ocean optics P600 UV/VIS fiber optic cables were studied at 300 K and 4.2 K to determine whether or not they would be appropriate for cryogenic temperatures. At 300 K the performance of different lengths of cable, the effect of a lens and the effect of a junction were investigated by taking spectra of red, green, and yellow LEDs at a variety of distances from where the source and the cable/spectrometer were aligned. It was found that there was significant attenuation of the signal between the spectrometer alone and the spectrometer with any combination of cables. The lens reduced the number of locations where a readable signal was produced, but the intensity increased greatly when the lens was aligned with the light source. The junction did not seem to make a difference except when there was a large angle between the light source and the cable. At 4.2 K a 4 m cable and a lens were submerged in liquid Helium to test their capabilities at cryogenic temperatures. The fiber optic cable was found unsuitable for use as it did not function at 4.2 K, and the signal was essentially lost. However, the lens survived.
The 345 kV underground/underwater Long Island Sound cable project
Grzan, J.; Hahn, E.I. (New York Power Authority, White Plains, NY (United States)); Casalaina, R.V.; Kansog, J.O.C. (Ebasco Services Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ (United States))
A high voltage underground/underwater cable system was installed to increase the transmission capacity from the mainland of New York to Long Island. In terms of weight and diameter, the self-contained, fluid-filled (SCFF) cable used for the underwater portion of the project is the largest underwater cable in the world. The use of high-pressure, fluid-filled (HPFF) pipe-type cable on the land portion represents the largest application of paper-polypropylene-paper (PPP) insulated cable in the United States. State-of-the-art technologies were implemented in the use of fiber optic cables for relay protection and SCADA/RTU, temperature monitoring and leak detection systems, SF[sub 6] gas-insulated substations, and underwater cable laying and embedment techniques. This paper discusses the design and installation of a 750 MVA, 43 km (26.6 mi), 345 kV underground/underwater electric transmission system installed by the New York Power Authority (NYPA).
Radiation Testing of a Low Voltage Silicone Nuclear Power Plant Cable.
Bernstein, Robert
This report summarizes the results generated in FY13 for cable insulation in support of DOE's Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program, in collaboration with the US- Argentine Binational Energy Working Group (BEWG). A silicone (SiR) cable, which was stored in benign conditions for ~30 years, was obtained from Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA) in Argentina. Physical property testing was performed on the as-received cable. This cable was artificially aged to assess behavior with additional analysis. SNL observed appreciable tensile elongation values for all cable insulations received, indicative of good mechanical performance. Of particular note, the work presented here provides correlations between measured tensile elongation and other physical properties that may be potentially leveraged as a form of condition monitoring (CM) for actual service cables. It is recognized at this point that the polymer aging community is still lacking the number and types of field returned materials that are desired, but SNL -- along with the help of others -- is continuing to work towards that goal. This work is an initial study that should be complimented with location- mapping of environmental conditions of CNEA plant conditions (dose and temperature) as well as retrieval, analysis, and comparison with in-service cables.
Achievable Qubit Rates for Quantum Information Wires
Hulya Yadsan-Appleby; Tobias J. Osborne
Suppose Alice and Bob have access to two separated regions, respectively, of a system of electrons moving in the presence of a regular one-dimensional lattice of binding atoms. We consider the problem of communicating as much quantum information, as measured by the qubit rate, through this quantum information wire as possible. We describe a protocol whereby Alice and Bob can achieve a qubit rate for these systems which is proportional to N^(-1/3) qubits per unit time, where N is the number of lattice sites. Our protocol also functions equally in the presence of interactions modelled via the t-J and Hubbard models.
Wire-Net | Open Energy Information
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HVDC submarine power cables systems state of the art and future developments
Valenza, D.; Cipollini, G. [Pirelli Cavi S.p.A., Milano (Italy)
The paper begins with an introduction on the reasons that lead to the use of HVDC submarine cable links. The main aspects for the choice of direct current are presented as well as the advantages deriving from the utilization of submarine cables. The second part is dedicated to a discussion on the various type of insulation that could be used in power cables and their possible application to HVDC submarine cables. In the following there is a description of the main characteristics and technical details of some particular project that at present time (1995) are in progress. Two projects are briefly presented: Spain-Morocco, a 26 km long interconnection for the transmission, in a first phase, of 700 MW from Spain to Morocco at 400 kV a.c. by means of three cables, plus one spare, of the fluid filled type. The cables are designed for a future change to d.c. 450 kV, allowing a transmission of 500 MW each (i.e., 2 GW total). One of the peculiarities of the link is the maximum water depth of 615 m (world record for submarine power cables at the time of installation). Italy-Greece, a 1km long interconnection for the transmission of 500 MW (bi-directional) by means of one paper insulated mass impregnated cable having 1,250 sq mm conductor size and insulated for a rated voltage of 400 kV. This link (the installation of which will be posterior to the Spain-Morocco) will attain the world record for the maximum water depth for submarine power cables: 1,000 m. The last part deals with the future developments expected in this field, in terms of conductor size and voltage, that means an increase in transmissible capacity.
Pressure drop with surface boiling in small-diameter tubes
Dr?mer, Thomas
Pressure drop for water flowing in small-diameter tubes under isothermal, nonboiling, and surface-boiling conditions was investigated. Experimental results for local pressure gradient and heattransfer coefficients are ...
Two-Phase Flow Pressure Drop of High Quality Steam
Curtis, J. M.; Coffield, R. D.
Two-phase pressure drop across a straight test pipe was experimentally determined for high Reynolds (Re) number steam flow for a flow quality range of 0.995 to 1.0. The testing described has been performed in order to reduce uncertainties associated with the effects of two-phase flow on pressure drop. Two-phase flow develops in steam piping because a small fraction of the steam flow condenses due to heat loss to the surroundings. There has been very limited two-phase pressure drop data in open literature for the tested flow quality range. The two-phase pressure drop data obtained in this test has enabled development of a correlation between friction factor, Reynolds number, and flow quality.
Stability issues in IC Low Drop Out voltage regulators
Chava, Krishna Chaitanya
Performance issues of IC Low Drop Out (LDO) voltage regulators, with specific reference to stability, are discussed in this thesis. Evaluation of existing frequency compensation schemes and their performances across operating loads is presented...
A quasi-static model of drop impact
Bush, John W. M.
We develop a conceptually simple theoretical model of non-wetting drop impact on a rigid surface at small Weber numbers. Flat and curved impactor surfaces are considered, and the influence of surface curvature is elucidated. ...
Drop-in replacement biofuels : meeting the challenge
Bhargava, Alok (Alok Kishore)
This thesis presents a discussion on the challenges that must be met to fulfill the U.S. Navy's strategic imperatives for its energy vision. It provides an introduction to drop-in replacement biofuels, the options amongst ...
Heat transfer and pressure drop in tape generated swirl flow
Lopina, Robert F.
The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of water in tape generated swirl flow were investigated. The test sections were electrically heated small diameter nickel tubes with tight fitting full length Inconel ...
Performance of Adaptive DualDropping ILUT Preconditioners in Semiconductor
Zhang, Jun
Performance of Adaptive Dual�Dropping ILUT Preconditioners in Semiconductor Dopant Diffusion for iterative solution of sparse linear systems arising in semiconductor dopant diffusion modeling resolution, timestep in the adaptive ODE integrator and the problem physics. Key words: semiconductor TCAD
Spontaneous Jumping of Coalescing Drops on a Superhydrophobic Surface
Boreyko, Jonathan
When micrometric drops coalesce in-plane on a superhydrophobic surface, a surprising out-of-plane jumping motion was observed. Such jumping motion triggered by drop coalescence was reproduced on a Leidenfrost surface. High-speed imaging revealed that this jumping motion results from the elastic interaction of the bridged drops with the superhydrophobic/Leidenfrost surface. Experiments on both the superhydrophobic and Leidenfrost surfaces compare favorably to a simple scaling model relating the kinetic energy of the merged drop to the surface energy released upon coalescence. The spontaneous jumping motion on water repellent surfaces enables the autonomous removal of water condensate independently of gravity; this process is highly desirable for sustained dropwise condensation.
The influence of surface tension gradients on drop coalescence
Bush, John W. M.
We present the results of a combined experimental and numerical investigation of the coalescence of a drop with a liquid reservoir of a miscible but distinct fluid. Particular attention is given to elucidating the influence ...
NREL: Transportation Research - Discovering Drop-In Biofuels...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
drop-in fuels that are compatible with existing engines and fuel distribution. Biomass feedstocks such as crop residues and algae are available on a scale that other renewable...
Number of lightning discharges causing damage to lightning arrester cables for aerial transmission lines in power systems
Nikiforov, E. P. [Electric Power Scientific Research Institute (VNIIE), branch of OAO 'NTTs Elektroenergetika' (Russian Federation)
Damage by lightning discharges to lightning arrester cables for 110-175 kV aerial transmission lines is analyzed using data from power systems on incidents with aerial transmission lines over a ten year operating period (1997-2006). It is found that failures of lightning arrester cables occur when a tensile force acts on a cable heated to the melting point by a lightning current. The lightning currents required to heat a cable to this extent are greater for larger cable cross sections. The probability that a lightning discharge will develop decreases as the amplitude of the lightning current increases, which greatly reduces the number of lightning discharges which damage TK-70 cables compared to TK-50 cables. In order to increase the reliability of lightning arrester cables for 110 kV aerial transmission lines, TK-70 cables should be used in place of TK-50 cables. The number of lightning discharges per year which damage lightning arrester cables is lowered when the density of aerial transmission lines is reduced within the territory of electrical power systems. An approximate relationship between these two parameters is obtained.
Pressure drop across spined heat exchangers in crossflow�
Carranza, Richard Guy
PRESSURE DROP ACROSS SPINED HEAT EXCHANGERS IN CROSSFLOW A Thesis by R]CHARD GUY CARRANZA Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas AE M University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 1987... Major Subject: Chemical Engineering PRESSURE DROP ACROSS SPINED HEAT EXCHANGERS IN CROSSFLOW A Thesis by RICHARD GUY CARRANZA Approved as to style and content by: M. T. pie (Chairman of Committee) C. Glover (Member) N. K. Anand (Member) R...
Texas cable television franchises and compliance with the 1972 FCC rules
Kabrich, Phillip Wayne
moving into the nation's major. metropolitan areas, and a ncw dimension has been added Lo the industry: two-way cable com- munications. The lifting of the PCC's "freeze" on cable systems in the nation's top 100 television market areas seemed to open...TEXAS CABLE TELEVISION FRANCHISES AND COMPLIANCE WITH THE 1972 FCC RULES A Thesi. s by PHILLIP WAYNE KABRICH Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER...
Microwave Dielectric Heating of Drops in Microfluidic Devices
David Issadore; Katherine J. Humphry; Keith A. Brown; Lori Sandberg; David Weitz; Robert M. Westervelt
We present a technique to locally and rapidly heat water drops in microfluidic devices with microwave dielectric heating. Water absorbs microwave power more efficiently than polymers, glass, and oils due to its permanent molecular dipole moment that has a large dielectric loss at GHz frequencies. The relevant heat capacity of the system is a single thermally isolated picoliter drop of water and this enables very fast thermal cycling. We demonstrate microwave dielectric heating in a microfluidic device that integrates a flow-focusing drop maker, drop splitters, and metal electrodes to locally deliver microwave power from an inexpensive, commercially available 3.0 GHz source and amplifier. The temperature of the drops is measured by observing the temperature dependent fluorescence intensity of cadmium selenide nanocrystals suspended in the water drops. We demonstrate characteristic heating times as short as 15 ms to steady-state temperatures as large as 30 degrees C above the base temperature of the microfluidic device. Many common biological and chemical applications require rapid and local control of temperature, such as PCR amplification of DNA, and can benefit from this new technique.
New directions for gravitational wave physics via "Millikan oil drops"
Raymond Y. Chiao
"Millikan oil drops" are drops of superfluid helium coated with electrons, and levitated in a strong, inhomogeneous magnetic field. When the temperature of the system becomes very low compared to the cyclotron gap energy, the system remains in its quantum ground state. Two such levitated charged drops can have their charge-to-mass ratio critically adjusted so that the forces of gravity and electricity between the drops are in balance. Then it is predicted that the amount of scattered electromagnetic and gravitational radiation from the drops are equalized, along with these two kinds of forces. The cross sections for the scattering of the two kinds of radiation can become large, hard-sphere cross-sections at the first Mie resonance, due to the hard-wall boundary conditions on the surfaces of the spheres for both kinds of radiations. An efficient quantum transduction process between electromagnetic and gravitational radiation by such a pair of drops is predicted at microwave frequencies, and a Hertz-like experiment is proposed. A more practical implementation of these ideas to use pairs of levitated, charged superconducting spheres is briefly discussed.
Finite element analysis of axisymmetric oscillations of sessile liquid drops
Bixler, N.E.; Benner, R.E.
Inviscid oscillations of sessile liquid drops are simulated by the Galerkin finite element method in conjunction with the time integrator proposed by Gresho et al. Simulations are of drops in spherical containers which are subjected to imposed oscillations of specified frequency and amplitude. Five equations govern drop response: (1) Laplace's equation for velocity potential within the drop; (2) a kinematic condition at the free surface; (3) a Bernoulli equation augmented to include gravity and capillary pressure at the free surface; (4) a kinematic condition at the solid surface; and (5) either a condition for fixed contact line or fixed contact angle. Each of these equations is modified to account for an accelerating frame of reference which moves the container. Normalized drop volume, contact angle, and gravitational Bond number are dimensionless parameters which control drop response to an imposed oscillation. Given a set of fluid properties, such as those for mercury, gravitational Bond number is uniquely defined by the container radius. Resonant frequencies and mode interaction are detected by Fourier analysis of a transient signal, such as free surface position at the pole of a spherical coordinate system. Results, especially resonant frequencies, are found to depend strongly on contact line condition. Calculation of resonant frequencies by eigenanalysis with Stewart's method is also discussed. 11 refs., 8 figs.
Unified Communication Services Data Network Wiring Standard 11-05-2012 Page 1
Su, Xiao
Standard Part 1: General 1.01 Section Includes A. Fiber Optic Cable B. Fiber Optic Distribution Cabinets C
Development of 500-kV AC cable employing laminar insulation of other than conventional cellulosic paper. Final report
Bahder, G.; Eager, G.S. Jr.; Walker, J.J.; Dima, A.F.
The results of an investigation to develop a 500 kV ac laminar dielectric power cable and joint having insulation with lower losses than conventional cellulosic paper insulation are presented. Background information is presented on proposed low-loss synthetic and composite synthetic/cellulosic paper insulations. From these studies, fibrous polypropylene paper tape and cellulosic paper-polypropylene film-cellulosic paper composite paper (PPP) were chosen. Extensive testing of hand-wrapped cable models fabricated with each type of tape served to eliminate the fibrous polypropylene paper tape from further consideration. Cable model tests indicate that the PPP tape is satisfactory for insulation in 500 kV ac cable, and that oil impregnants now used in conventional cellulosic paper insulated cables are unsuitable, but that silicone oil with an additive is satisfactory for PPP tapes. Laboratory data indicate that it may be necessary with the PPP tapes to use a significantly lower viscosity impregnating oil which has a greater tendency to drain from pipe-type cables than conventional oil. This may require a modification of the moisture seal. Four final pipe-type cables having a conventional moisture seal were manufactured for possible future field testing. The dielectric loss of the final cables is one-fifth that of conventional cellulosic paper insulated cables. The estimated installed cost per MVA-mile of the PPP insulated cable, neglecting losses, is higher than cellulosic insulated cables impregnated with conventional mineral oil. However, the capacitance of the cable insulated with PPP tape is 25% lower than conventional cable, and therefore, the reactance necessary to compensate for the cable charging current is significantly reduced.
Humidity effects on wire insulation breakdown strength.
Appelhans, Leah
Methods for the testing of the dielectric breakdown strength of insulation on metal wires under variable humidity conditions were developed. Two methods, an ASTM method and the twisted pair method, were compared to determine if the twisted pair method could be used for determination of breakdown strength under variable humidity conditions. It was concluded that, although there were small differences in outcomes between the two testing methods, the non-standard method (twisted pair) would be appropriate to use for further testing of the effects of humidity on breakdown performance. The dielectric breakdown strength of 34G copper wire insulated with double layer Poly-Thermaleze/Polyamide-imide insulation was measured using the twisted pair method under a variety of relative humidity (RH) conditions and exposure times. Humidity at 50% RH and below was not found to affect the dielectric breakdown strength. At 80% RH the dielectric breakdown strength was significantly diminished. No effect for exposure time up to 140 hours was observed at 50 or 80%RH.
Wire Position Monitoring with FPGA based Electronics
Eddy, N.; Lysenko, O.; /Fermilab
This fall the first Tesla-style cryomodule cooldown test is being performed at Fermilab. Instrumentation department is preparing the electronics to handle the data from a set of wire position monitors (WPMs). For simulation purposes a prototype pipe with a WMP has been developed and built. The system is based on the measurement of signals induced in pickups by 320 MHz signal carried by a wire through the WPM. The wire is stretched along the pipe with a tensioning load of 9.07 kg. The WPM consists of four 50 {Omega} striplines spaced 90{sup o} apart. FPGA based digitizer scans the WPM and transmits the data to a PC via VME interface. The data acquisition is based on the PC running LabView. In order to increase the accuracy and convenience of the measurements some modifications were required. The first is implementation of an average and decimation filter algorithm in the integrator operation in the FPGA. The second is the development of alternative tool for WPM measurements in the PC. The paper describes how these modifications were performed and test results of a new design. The last cryomodule generation has a single chain of seven WPMs (placed in critical positions: at each end, at the three posts and between the posts) to monitor a cold mass displacement during cooldown. The system was developed in Italy in collaboration with DESY. Similar developments have taken place at Fermilab in the frame of cryomodules construction for SCRF research. This fall preliminary cryomodule cooldown test is being performed. In order to prepare an appropriate electronic system for the test a prototype pipe with a WMP has been developed and built, figure 1. The system is based on the measurement of signals induced in pickups by 320 MHz signal carried by a wire through the WPM. The 0.5 mm diameter Cu wire is stretched along the pipe with a tensioning load of 9.07 kg and has a length of 1.1 m. The WPM consists of four 50 {Omega} striplines spaced 90{sup o} apart. An FPGA based digitizer collects the WPM data and transmits it to the VME controller. The VME front-end processes the raw data to calculate positions and perform FFT. It is also provides the raw data to LabView running on a PC upon request. In order to increase the accuracy and convenience of the measurements some modifications were required. The first is connected with realization of average and decimation filter algorithm in the integrator operation in the FPGA. The second is connected with development of alternative tool for WPM measurements in the PC. We will discuss how these modifications were performed and test results of a new design.
Plasticity of metal wires in torsion: molecular dynamics and dislocation dynamics simulations
Cai, Wei
Plasticity of metal wires in torsion: molecular dynamics and dislocation dynamics simulations-4040 Abstract The orientation dependent plasticity in metal nanowires is investigated using molecular dynamics metal wires controls the mechanisms of plastic deformation. For wires oriented along 110 , dislocations
Microwave-Induced Dephasing 1D Metal Wires
Fominov, Yakov
~ )()( TDTLL = Echternach et al. PRB 50, 5748 (1994) Ag wire ( )[ ] ( )TT EEIWL + #12;(T) in 1D wires �m 1.6 �m 0.4 �m 0.2 �m L(0.1K) = 2.3 �m d d = MG, P. Echternach et al., PRB 51,19256 (1995) One can
Superconducting Wires Enabled by Nanodots wins Nano50TM Award
includes nanoscale columns of non-superconducting material embedded within the superconductorSuperconducting Wires Enabled by Nanodots wins Nano50TM Award HTS Wires Enabled via 3D Self-Assembly of Insulating Nanodots Background · For most large-scale applications of high-temperature superconducting (HTS
Design of automotive X-by-Wire systems Cdric Wilwert
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Design of automotive X-by-Wire systems C�dric Wilwert PSA Peugeot - Citro�n 92000 La Garenne Phone : +33 3 83 58 17 62 email@example.com CONTENTS Design of automotive X-by-Wire systems ................................................................................................................................ 9 3.2 Main time-triggered protocols for automotive industry
Design and performance relationships for cable distribution in multi-story office buildings
Ryan, Richard Cecil
Weaknesses associated with cable distribution systems suggest a lack of design consideration in the planning stage of a building. The primary question to be addressed in this study is do relationships between design considerations and building...
Translational Planar Cable-Direct-Driven Robots Robert L. Williams II
Williams II, Robert L.
, Ohio Paolo Gallina University of Trieste Trieste, Italy Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems Vol Paolo Gallina University of Trieste Trieste, ITALY ABSTRACT A planar cable-direct-driven robot (CDDR
Control signal transmission through power supply cables of a 3-phase PWM motor
Mendez, Jose A. (Jose Antonio Mendez Alcazar)
Modem process control systems often employ accurate position or speed controlled PWM motors, which require feedback data for the drive control loop. Current methods require an independently shielded cable for feedback data ...
Losses in 23 strands NbTi and Nb/sub 3/Sn flat cables
Polak, M.; Krempasky, L.; Hlasnik, I.; Perot, J.
Losses in different samples made of 23 strands multifilamentary NbTi and Nb/sub 3/Sn Rutherford type superconducting cables in pulsed magnetic fields were measured using the magnetization technique. Two technologies were used for sample preparation. One reason for this was to simulate the different winding structure of the pulsed magnets. Another reason was to obtain the samples with different average transverse resistivity across the unsoldered cable. For comparison, one sample, having a low average transverse resistivity, was made of the soldered cable. The influence of the cable pieces length, used for samples, on the rate dependent losses is demonstrated. Problems concerning the measurement of the time constant of the rate dependent magnetization are discussed. 4 refs.
Dielectrometry measurements of moisture diffusion and temperature dynamics in oil impregnated paper insulated electric power cables
Thomas, Zachary M. (Zachary Michael)
Paper insulated lead covered (PILC) cables have played an important role in underground power distribution for a hundred years. Replacing aged PILC before failure is critical to managing power distribution. Three prominent ...
Partial discharge measurements on a high voltage direct current mass impregnated paper cable
Jeroense, M.J.P. [NKF KABEL B.V., Delft (Netherlands); Kreuger, F.H. [Delft Univ. of Technology (Netherlands)
Partial discharge measurement has been a good tool for the quality assurance of cables under alternating voltage. With the growing interest in High Voltage Direct Current cables it seems therefore logical to extend this technique for use at direct voltage. The paper describes this technique as used on a HVDC cable with mass impregnated paper. The different phases of operation (no load, full load, cooling phase, etc.) are characterized by a different discharge behavior. Special attention is given to the dangerous cooling phase. Models have been developed which can explain the discharge patterns that were measured. This paper gives an insight in the electrical behavior of a HVDC cable with mass impregnated paper insulation.
Method and apparatus for diamond wire cutting of metal structures
Parsells, Robert; Gettelfinger, Geoff; Perry, Erik; Rule, Keith
A method and apparatus for diamond wire cutting of metal structures, such as nuclear reactor vessels, is provided. A diamond wire saw having a plurality of diamond beads with beveled or chamfered edges is provided for sawing into the walls of the metal structure. The diamond wire is guided by a plurality of support structures allowing for a multitude of different cuts. The diamond wire is cleaned and cooled by CO.sub.2 during the cutting process to prevent breakage of the wire and provide efficient cutting. Concrete can be provided within the metal structure to enhance cutting efficiency and reduce airborne contaminants. The invention can be remotely controlled to reduce exposure of workers to radioactivity and other hazards.
Intermetallic alloy welding wires and method for fabricating the same
Santella, Michael L. (Knoxville, TN); Sikka, Vinod K. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Welding wires for welding together intermetallic alloys of nickel aluminides, nickel-iron aluminides, iron aluminides, or titanium aluminides, and preferably including additional alloying constituents are fabricated as two-component, clad structures in which one component contains the primary alloying constituent(s) except for aluminum and the other component contains the aluminum constituent. This two-component approach for fabricating the welding wire overcomes the difficulties associated with mechanically forming welding wires from intermetallic alloys which possess high strength and limited ductilities at elevated temperatures normally employed in conventional metal working processes. The composition of the clad welding wires is readily tailored so that the welding wire composition when melted will form an alloy defined by the weld deposit which substantially corresponds to the composition of the intermetallic alloy being joined.
Proposal of thermal neutron flux monitors based on vibrating wire
Arutunian, S G; Chung, M; Harutyunyan, G S; Lazareva, E G
Two types of neutron monitors with fine spatial resolution are proposed based on vibrating wire. In the first type, neutrons interact with the vibrating wire, heat it, and lead to the change of natural frequency, which can be precisely measured. To increase the heat deposition during the neutron scattering, use of gadolinium layer which has the highest thermal neutron capture cross section among all elements is proposed. The second type of the monitor uses vibrating wire as a resonant target. Besides the measurement of beam profile according to the average signal, the differential signal synchronized with the wire oscillations defines the gradient of beam profile. Spatial resolution of the monitor is defined by the diameter of the wire.
Intermetallic alloy welding wires and method for fabricating the same
Santella, M.L.; Sikka, V.K.
Welding wires for welding together intermetallic alloys of nickel aluminides, nickel-iron aluminides, iron aluminides, or titanium aluminides, and preferably including additional alloying constituents are fabricated as two-component, clad structures in which one component contains the primary alloying constituent(s) except for aluminum and the other component contains the aluminum constituent. This two-component approach for fabricating the welding wire overcomes the difficulties associated with mechanically forming welding wires from intermetallic alloys which possess high strength and limited ductilities at elevated temperatures normally employed in conventional metal working processes. The composition of the clad welding wires is readily tailored so that the welding wire composition when melted will form an alloy defined by the weld deposit which substantially corresponds to the composition of the intermetallic alloy being joined. 4 figs.
An investigation into the properties and characteristics of homogeneous tapered cables
deCastongrene, Russell Othomar
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROPERTIES AND CHABACTEBISTICS OF HOMOGENEOUS TAPL'BED CABLES A Thesis by RUSSELL OTHOMAR deCASTONGBENE Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas ARM University in partial fulfillment of the requirement sor... the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCF. May 1975 Major Subject: Civil Engineering AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF HOMOGENEOUS TAPERED CABLES A Thesis RUSSELL OTHOMAR deCASTONGRENE Approved as to style and content by: ( irman...
Complete Fiber/Copper Cable Solution for Long-Term Temperature...
the myriad of technical advances required - from glass chemistry to encapsulation metallurgy. Draka will develop the required advances in buffer tubing, cladding, wire...
Counting Rises, Levels and Drops in Compositions 1 Counting Rises, Levels and
Heubach, Silvia
Counting Rises, Levels and Drops in Compositions 1 Counting Rises, Levels and Drops in Compositions Mansour Department of Mathematics, Haifa University, Israel #12;Counting Rises, Levels and Drops;Counting Rises, Levels and Drops in Compositions 3 Definitions � A composition = 12 . . . m of n N
Frictionally induced ignition processes in drop and skid tests
Dickson, Peter [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Parker, Gary [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Novak, Alan [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The standard LANL/Pantex drop and skid tests rely on subjective assessment of reaction violence to quantify the response of the charge, and completely miss nonpropagating hot-spot ignition sites. Additionally, large variations in test results have been observed, which we propose is due to a misunderstanding of the basic physical processes that lead to threshold ignition in these tests. The tests have been redesigned to provide control of these mechanisms and to permit direct observation of hot spots at the impact site, allowing us to follow the progression of the outcome as the drop height and ignition source density are varied. The results confirm that frictional interactions between high-melting-point solids are the dominant ignition mechanism, not just at the threshold, but in fact at all realistic drop heights.
Meso-scale controlled motion for a microfluidic drop ejector.
Galambos, Paul C.; Givler, Richard C.; Pohl, Kenneth Roy; Czaplewski, David A.; Luck, David L.; Braithwaite, Mark J.; Atwood, Clinton L.; Benavides, Gilbert Lawrence
The objective of this LDRD was to develop a uniquely capable, novel droplet solution based manufacturing system built around a new MEMS drop ejector. The development all the working subsystems required was completed, leaving the integration of these subsystems into a working prototype still left to accomplish. This LDRD report will focus on the three main subsystems: (1) MEMS drop ejector--the MEMS ''sideshooter'' effectively ejected 0.25 pl drops at 10 m/s, (2) packaging--a compact ejector package based on a modified EMDIP (Electro-Microfluidic Dual In-line Package--SAND2002-1941) was fabricated, and (3) a vision/stage system allowing precise ejector package positioning in 3 dimensions above a target was developed.
Beam Position and Phase Monitor - Wire Mapping System
Watkins, Heath A [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Shurter, Robert B. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gilpatrick, John D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kutac, Vincent G. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Martinez, Derwin [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) deploys many cylindrical beam position and phase monitors (BPPM) throughout the linac to measure the beam central position, phase and bunched-beam current. Each monitor is calibrated and qualified prior to installation to insure it meets LANSCE requirements. The BPPM wire mapping system is used to map the BPPM electrode offset, sensitivity and higher order coefficients. This system uses a three-axis motion table to position the wire antenna structure within the cavity, simulating the beam excitation of a BPPM at a fundamental frequency of 201.25 MHz. RF signal strength is measured and recorded for the four electrodes as the antenna position is updated. An effort is underway to extend the systems service to the LANSCE facility by replacing obsolete electronic hardware and taking advantage of software enhancements. This paper describes the upgraded wire positioning system's new hardware and software capabilities including its revised antenna structure, motion control interface, RF measurement equipment and Labview software upgrades. The main purpose of the wire mapping system at LANSCE is to characterize the amplitude response versus beam central position of BPPMs before they are installed in the beam line. The wire mapping system is able to simulate a beam using a thin wire and measure the signal response as the wire position is varied within the BPPM aperture.
Maximal air bubble entrainment at liquid drop impact
Bouwhuis, Wilco; Tran, Tuan; Keij, Diederik L; Winkels, Koen G; Peters, Ivo R; van der Meer, Devaraj; Sun, Chao; Snoeijer, Jacco H; Lohse, Detlef
At impact of a liquid drop on a solid surface an air bubble can be entrapped. Here we show that two competing effects minimize the (relative) size of this entrained air bubble: For large drop impact velocity and large droplets the inertia of the liquid flattens the entrained bubble, whereas for small impact velocity and small droplets capillary forces minimize the entrained bubble. However, we demonstrate experimentally, theoretically, and numerically that in between there is an optimum, leading to maximal air bubble entrapment. Our results have a strong bearing on various applications in printing technology, microelectronics, immersion lithography, diagnostics, or agriculture.
Slant visual range from drop-size distribution
Arrance, Edwin Stanley
YIci'Ai Ra', tq- DROP-SIZE DISTRIBU, ION A Thesi s EDWIN STANLEY ARPANCE Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas AIIM University in partial ful fi 1 lment of the requirement for the degree of M AS I . R 0 r S C I E I'I C E August I 9BO I...'laj or Subject: Mete orol oqy SLANT VISUAL RANGE FROM DROP-SIZE DISTRIBUTION A Thesis by EDWIN STANLEY ARRANCE Approved as to style and content by: Dr. Vance E. Moyer; (Chairman of Committee) Dr. Geor L. Huebner, Jr. (Member) Dr. Glen N. Williams...
Literature review of environmental qualification of safety-related electric cables: Summary of past work. Volume 1
Subudhi, M. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States)
This report summarizes the findings from a review of published documents dealing with research on the environmental qualification of safety-related electric cables used in nuclear power plants. Simulations of accelerated aging and accident conditions are important considerations in qualifying the cables. Significant research in these two areas has been performed in the US and abroad. The results from studies in France, Germany, and Japan are described in this report. In recent years, the development of methods to monitor the condition of cables has received special attention. Tests involving chemical and physical examination of cable`s insulation and jacket materials, and electrical measurements of the insulation properties of cables are discussed. Although there have been significant advances in many areas, there is no single method which can provide the necessary information about the condition of a cable currently in service. However, it is possible that further research may identify a combination of several methods that can adequately characterize the cable`s condition.
Device to facilitate moving an electrical cable of an electric vehicle charging station and method of providing the same
Karner, Donald B
Some embodiments include a device to facilitate moving an electrical cable of an electric vehicle charging station. Other embodiments of related systems and methods are also disclosed.
Mapping Proton Wires in Proteins: Carbonic Anhydrase and GFP Chromophore Biosynthesis
Agmon, Noam
Mapping Proton Wires in Proteins: Carbonic Anhydrase and GFP Chromophore Biosynthesis Ai Shinobu developed an algorithm for mapping proton wires in proteins and applied it to the X-ray structures of human proteins, we find more extensive proton wires than typically reported. In CA-II the active site wire exits
Current-Excited Magnetization Dynamics in Narrow Ferromagnetic Wires Yoshihiko TOGAWA1
Otani, Yoshichika
the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic lenses.13) The sample is Permalloy zigzag wire OTANI1;2 1 Frontier Research System, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Hirosawa to the observed magnetic wires and the wire resistance is measured to monitor the wire temperature.12
X-ray backlighting density measurements of tungsten and aluminum wire and wire array z-pinches
Hammer, D.A.; Pikuz, S.A.; Shelkovenko, T.A.; Greenly, J.B.; Sinars, D.B.; Mingaleev, A.R.
Calibrated density measurements in both the coronal plasmas and dense cores of exploding W wire and wire array Z-pinches, powered by the {approximately}450 kA, 100 ns XP-pulser at Cornell University, have been made using two-frame x-ray backlighting in conjunction with known thickness W step wedges. The backlighting images are made by Mo wire X-pinch radiation filtered by 12.5 {micro}m Ti impinging upon a sandwich of films (Micrat VR, Kodak GWL, Kodak DEF) which have different sensitivities to increase the dynamic range of the method. A W step wedge filter is placed in front of the films, giving absolute line density calibration of each exposure with estimated errors ranging from 20 to 50%. Assuming x-ray absorption by the W plasma is the same as for the solid material, the authors are able to measure W areal densities from 3.2 x 10{sup 19} to 2 x 10{sup 17}/cm{sup 2}. These can be converted to number density assuming azimuthal symmetry. For example, for an exploded 7.5 {micro}m wire with a 15--20 {micro}m diameter dense core and a 1 mm corona diameter, the implied W volume density ranges from 2x10{sup 18} to over 10{sup 22}/cm{sup 3}. Integration of the line density gives an estimate of the fraction of the wire mass in the corona and core. For example, with 100 kA peak current in a single 7.5 {micro}m W wire, {approximately}70% (>90%) of the W mass is in the corona after 53 ns (61 ns). The authors also observe that the corona has large, roughly axisymmetric axial nonuniformity both in radius and in mass density. In addition, the coronal plasma contains more of the W mass, expands faster and is more uniform when the wire is surface-cleaned by preheating. In arrays of 2--8 wires with the same 100 kA total current, detectable coronal plasma appears after 25--35 ns, and much of it is swept toward the center of the array, forming a dense channel. The portion of the initial wire mass in the coronal plasma increases with smaller wire diameter and decreases with greater wire number: 15% for 4 x 13.5 {micro}m, 35% for 4 x 7.5 {micro}m, and 25% for 8 x 7.5 {micro}m, at 46--48 ns (unheated). Similar measurements are now being made with Al wires and an Al step wedge. Results will be presented.
Message Drop and Scheduling in DTNs: Theory and Practice
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
1 Message Drop and Scheduling in DTNs: Theory and Practice Amir Krifa, Chadi Barakat, Senior Member there may store a message in its buffer and carry it along for long periods of time, until an appropriate forwarding opportunity arises. This way, messages can traverse disconnected parts of the network. Multiple
Drop Off & Parking Information Photo courtesy of Fowler Museum
Grether, Gregory
KIDSMUSE Drop Off & Parking Information Photo courtesy of Fowler Museum The Fowler Museum-up of campers is available near the Museum. Enter UCLA from Sunset Blvd. at the Westwood Plaza entrance. Take Museum. You must bring your child into the Museum on the first day of camp. The rest of the week you may
Optimizing Controller Location in Networked Control Systems with Packet Drops
Optimizing Controller Location in Networked Control Systems with Packet Drops C. L. Robinson1 and P in answering these two questions is that analysis of optimality in networked control systems subject to random mechanisms for wireless networked control systems [8, 6, 5]. In this paper we consider the issue of optimal
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
OPTIMAL CONTROL WITH PACKET DROPS IN NETWORKED CONTROL SYSTEMS Flavia Felicioni*, Fran�ois Simonot optimization 1. INTRODUCTION1 With the progress of networking technology, more and more control systems are now: The stability and performance of a networked control system are strongly influenced by the network delay
Japan Denies Report It Dropped Proposal to Host Fusion Reactor
Print Japan Denies Report It Dropped Proposal to Host Fusion Reactor June 22 (Bloomberg) -- Japan fusion reactor, a decision that would end a standoff with France to site the 4.6 billion-euro ($5 the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor in return for assurances it will manage the project in France
Xcel Energy- Farm Re-Wiring Loan Program (Wisconsin)
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Xcel Energy operates the farm rewiring loan program to help its agricultural customers install safer and more energy efficient electrical wiring. The loan program charges 3% interest with terms of...
alloy thin wires: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
turbulent flow of superfluid helium. We used a standard Pt-Rh hot-wire anemometer and overheat it up to 21 K in a pressurized liquid helium turbulent round jet at temperatures...
anode wire grids: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
X-ray position detection, simulation study of the anode wire modulation effect of the detector was carried out with Garfield program. Different gas mixtures were used as the...
Delivery optimization for a make to order custom wire mill
Slivinskiy, Andrey L
In the face of growing competition in the Tantalum business, H.C.Starck's management is minimizing the delivery time for custom-made capacitor-grade tantalum wire products. H.C. Starck, Inc., Newton, Massachusetts faces ...
Alliant Energy (Wisconsin Power and Light) - Farm Wiring Grant...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Power and Light) offers a Farm Wiring Grant program to increase farm safety, productivity and efficiency. The first 1,000 of the cost of the project is covered by a grant,...
Properties of plain weave metallic wire mesh screens Zenghui Zhao
Peles, Yoav
, heat pipes, solar energy collector, thermal insu- lation, etc. Structures or laminates made of wire heat transfer by coating the heat transfer surface with a mesh screen is found in [2]. In recent years
Wide-Bandwidth Capture of Wire-Scanner Signals
Gruchalla, Michael E. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gilpatrick, John D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sedillo, James Daniel [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Martinez, Derwin [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Integrated charge collected on the sense wires of wire-scanner systems utilized to determine beam profile is generally the parameter of interest. The LANSCE application requires capturing the charge information macropulse-by-macropulse with macropulse lengths as long as 700 {micro}s at a maximum macropulse rate of 120 Hz. Also, for the LANSCE application, it is required that the integration be performed in a manner that does not require integrator reset between macropulses. Due to the long macropulse which must be accommodated and the 8.33 ms minimum pulse period, a simple R-C integrator cannot be utilized since there is insufficient time between macropulses to allow the integrator to adequately recover. The application of wide analog bandwidth to provide accurate pulse-by-pulse capture of the wire signals with digital integration of the wire signals to determine captured charge at each macropulse in applications with comparatively long macropulses and high pulse repetition rates is presented.
Method of fabricating a homogeneous wire of inter-metallic alloy
Ohriner, Evan Keith (Knoxville, TN); Blue, Craig Alan (Knoxville, TN)
A method for fabricating a homogeneous wire of inter-metallic alloy comprising the steps of providing a base-metal wire bundle comprising a metal, an alloy or a combination thereof; working the wire bundle through at least one die to obtain a desired dimension and to form a precursor wire; and, controllably heating the precursor wire such that a portion of the wire will become liquid while simultaneously maintaining its desired shape, whereby substantial homogenization of the wire occurs in the liquid state and additional homogenization occurs in the solid state resulting in a homogenous alloy product.
Models and Analysis of Wire Explosions Using TRAC II Simulations
Pekker, A.; Reisman, D.B.
In order to understand the dynamics of Z-pinch imposions of thin wires in pulse-power accelerators, it is necessary to understand the physical process by which the initially solid wires are converted into plasma by rising current. For this purpose, we model wire explosions using TRAC II, a two-dimensional MHD code, in three distinct cases: pure tungsten, impure tungsten, and gold-plated tungsten. We compare our results--overall picture of the process, corona linear density, corona mass, and core expansion rate--to actual experiments performed at Sandia National Laboratory and Cornell University and present some explanations for the disagreements between our model and experimental observations. In Chapter 1, we discuss model results for several current waveforms (consisting of a 5 kA 50-150 ns pre-pulse and 80 kA 80 ns main pulse) for a pure tungsten wire, showing that the initial temperature of the wire does not affect the dynamics of the explosion. This suggests that different experimental results for unheated and preheated tungsten wires are due to the expulsion of impurities in the preheated wire and not to a change in the material properties of tungsten. To match the experimental set-up more accurately, we model the explosion of a tungsten wire with impurities in Chapter 2. The overall process predicted by the model agrees with experiment, namely the shunting of the current through the impurities region before tungsten expansion begins; however, quantitative results disagree with experimental observations mostly because of the extreme shunting of the current through the impurities in our model. Finally, in Chapter 3, we compare the explosions in gold-plated tungsten, pure tungsten, and pure gold wires under high (100 kA in 60 ns) and low (2 kA in 270 ns) currents, finding general agreement with experiment in the high-current case and a disagreement by a factor of ten in the low-current case. In addition, due to the similar properties of the two metals, we find no vast differences among the three cases in the high-current case, while the single-metal wire expand faster and farther than the gold-plated wire in the low-current case. We believe that the disagreement between our model and experiment can be decreased by better modeling of tungsten impurities and by improvements in the conductivity and bonding models.
Outages of electric power supply resulting from cable failures Boston Edison Company system
Factual data are provided regarding 5 electric power supply interruptions that occurred in the Boston Metropolitan area during April to June, 1979. Common to all of these outages was the failure of an underground cable as the initiating event, followed by multiple equipment failures. There was significant variation in the voltage ratings and types of cables which failed. The investigation was unable to delineate a single specific Boston Edison design operating or maintenance practice that could be cited as the cause of the outages. After reviewing the investigative report the following actions were recommended: the development and implementation of a plan to eliminate the direct current cable network; develop a network outage restoration plan; regroup primary feeder cables wherever possible to minimize the number of circuits in manholes, and to separate feeders to high load density areas; develop a program to detect incipient cable faults; evaluate the separation of the north and south sections of Back Bay network into separate networks; and, as a minimum, install the necessary facilities to make it possible to re-energize one section without interfering with the other; and re-evaluate the cathodic protection scheme where necessary. (LCL)
Final Report: MATERIALS, STRANDS, AND CABLES FOR SUPERCONDUCTING ACCELERATOR MAGNETS [Grant Number DE-SC0010312
Sumption, Mike; Collings, E.
Our program consisted of the two components: Strand Research and Cable Research, with a focus on Nb3Sn, Bi2212, and YBCO for accelerator magnet applications. We demonstrated a method to refine the grains in Nb3Sn by a factor of two, reaching 45 nm grain sizes, and layer Jcs of 6 kA/mm2 at 12 T. W also measured conductor magnetization for field quality. This has been done both with Nb3Sn conductor, as well as Bi:2212 strand. Work in support of quench studies of YBCO coils was also performed. Cable loss studies in Nb3Sn focused on connecting and comparing persistent magnetization and coupling magnetization for considering their relative impact on HEP machines. In the area of HTS cables, we have investigated both the quench in multistrand YBCO CORC cables, as well as the magnetization of these cables for use in high field magnets. In addition, we examined the magnetic and thermal properties of large (50 T) solenoids.
Quantum computer of wire circuit architecture
S. A. Moiseev; F. F. Gubaidullin; S. N. Andrianov
First solid state quantum computer was built using transmons (cooper pair boxes). The operation of the computer is limited because of using a number of the rigit cooper boxes working with fixed frequency at temperatures of superconducting material. Here, we propose a novel architecture of quantum computer based on a flexible wire circuit of many coupled quantum nodes containing controlled atomic (molecular) ensembles. We demonstrate wide opportunities of the proposed computer. Firstly, we reveal a perfect storage of external photon qubits to multi-mode quantum memory node and demonstrate a reversible exchange of the qubits between any arbitrary nodes. We found optimal parameters of atoms in the circuit and self quantum modes for quantum processing. The predicted perfect storage has been observed experimentally for microwave radiation on the lithium phthalocyaninate molecule ensemble. Then also, for the first time we show a realization of the efficient basic two-qubit gate with direct coupling of two arbitrary nodes by using appropriate atomic frequency shifts in the circuit nodes. Proposed two-qubit gate runs with a speed drastically accelerated proportionally to the number of atoms in the node. The direct coupling and accelerated two-qubit gate can be realized for large number of the circuit nodes. Finally, we describe two and three-dimensional scalable architectures that pave the road to construction of universal multi-qubit quantum computer operating at room temperatures.
LANSCE wire scanner AFE: analysis, design, and fabrication
Gruchalla, Mike [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Chacon, Phillip [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Gilpatrick, John D [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Martinez, Derwin [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Power, John F [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Smith, Brian [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The goal of the design LANSCE-R Wire-Scanner Analog Front-end Electronics is to develop a high-performance, dual-axis wire-scanner analog front-end system implemented in a single cRIO module. This new design accommodates macropulse widths as wide as 700 {mu}s at a maximum pulse rate of 120Hz. A lossey integrator is utilized as the integration element to eliminate the requirement for providing gating signals to each wire scanner. The long macropulse and the high repetition rate present conflicting requirements for the design of the integrator. The long macropulse requires a long integration time constant to assure minimum integrator droop for accurate charge integration, and the high repetition rate requires a short time constant to assure adequate integrator reset between macropulses. Also, grounding is a serious concern due to the small signal levels. This paper reviews the basic Wire Scanner AFE system design implemented in the cRIO-module form factor to capture the charge information from the wire sensors and the grounding topology to assure minimum noise contamination of the wire signals.
Waltz Mill testing of 765-kV paper-polypropylene-paper (PPP) cable
Burghardt, R.R. (Westinghouse Electric Corp., Ruffs Dale, PA (United States))
A 765-kV PPP-insulated cable was subjected to a 27-month accelerated life test program at the EPRI Waltz Mill Cable Test Facility. Testing started in August 1981 and was successfully completed in January 1985. The program included conductor temperatures ranging from 85{degree}C to 105{degree}C and line-to-line voltages from 800 kV to 1050 kV. Cyclic testing was performed during 20 of the 27 months. Dissipation factor measurements were made throughout the program. The measurements indicated no deterioration of the cable or splices as a consequence of the high temperatures and voltages applied to them in this test program.
The University of Texas at Austin September 30, 2011 Communications Optical Fiber Backbone Cabling 27 13 23-1
Dawson, Clint N.
The University of Texas at Austin September 30, 2011 Communications Optical Fiber Backbone Cabling 27 13 23-1 SECTION 27 13 23 COMMUNICATIONS OPTICAL FIBER BACKBONE CABLING PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 SUMMARY A. This section shall govern the products and installation of optical fiber (single
Diamond Wire Saw for Precision Machining of Laser Target Components
Bono, M J; Bennett, D W
The fabrication of precision laser targets requires a wide variety of specialized mesoscale manufacturing techniques. The diamond wire saw developed in this study provides the capability to precisely section meso-scale workpieces mounted on the assembly stations used by the Target Fabrication Group. This new capability greatly simplifies the fabrication of many types of targets and reduces the time and cost required to build the targets. A variety of materials are used to fabricate targets, including metals, plastics with custom designed chemical formulas, and aerogels of various densities. The materials are usually provided in the form of small pieces or cast rods that must be machined to the required shape. Many of these materials, such as metals and some plastics, can be trimmed using a parting tool on a diamond turning machine. However, other materials, such as aerogels and brittle materials, cannot be adequately cut with a parting tool. In addition, the geometry of the parts often requires that the workpieces be held in a special assembly station, which excludes the use of a parting tool. In the past, these materials were sectioned using a small, handheld coping saw that used a diamond-impregnated wire as a blade. This miniature coping saw was effective, but it required several hours to cut through certain materials. Furthermore, the saw was guided by hand and often caused significant damage to fragile aerogels. To solve these problems, the diamond wire saw shown in Figure 1 was developed. The diamond wire saw is designed to machine through materials that are mounted in the Target Fabrication Group's benchtop assembly stations. These assembly stations are the primary means of aligning and assembling target components, and there is often a need to machine materials while they are mounted in the assembly stations. Unfortunately, commercially available saws are designed for very different applications and are far too large to be used with the assembly stations. Therefore, a custom diamond wire saw was designed and constructed. The diamond wire saw cuts through workpieces using a continuous loop of diamond-impregnated wire of length 840 mm. The wire loop runs around several idler pulleys and is driven by a simple geared DC motor that rotates at 17 rpm. The linear speed of the wire is 107 inches/minute. The saw is oriented at an angle of 20{sup o} from horizontal, so the operator can view the wire through the cutout at the front end of the saw. When looking through a microscope or camera with a horizontal line of sight, the operator can clearly see the wire as it cuts through the workpiece, as shown in the right side of Figure 1. The saw is mounted on a two-axis stage that allows the operator to align the wire with the workpiece. To cut through the workpiece, the operator drives the wire through the workpiece by turning the feed micrometer. An image of the interior of the diamond wire saw appears in Figure 2. This picture was taken after removing the protective cover plate from the saw.
Economics of PPP-insulated pipe-type cable: Final report
Ernst, A.
This study has been designed to establish the economic range of application and the potential cost advantage of PPP-insulated pipe-type cable compared with presently utilized paper-insulated designs. The study is in two parts. In the first part the electrical and thermal characteristics of a range of cable sizes are tabulated. This data can be utilized for planning and economic comparison purposes. In the second part 12 transmission load scenarios are studied to determine the relative cost of various designs considering materials, installation and the losses over a wide range of assumptions.
Failure evaluation of underground high voltage cables (115 kV) in Mazatlan, Sinaloa: Microscopic method
Valero-Huerta, M.A.; Ramirez-Delgado, R. [Lab. de Pruebas de Equipos y Materiales, Irapuato (Mexico)
The present paper is a complete analysis of the failure which occurred to the 115 kV power cable installed between the Mazatlan Centro and Mazatlan Norte Substations. Laboratory analysis that established the causes of the failure are included. It was concluded that the failure of the cable was provoked by the entrance of sewage water to the screen, and due to the presence of anaerobic organisms, resulted in the formation of sulfidic acid, which caused the severe corrosion that can be observed in the screen. The resulting loss of conductivity provoked heating capable of melting the isolator until its rupture.
Electrically modulated dynamic spreading of drops on soft surfaces
Ranabir Dey; Ashish Daga; Sunando DasGupta; Suman Chakraborty
The intricate interaction between the deformability of a substrate and the dynamic spreading of a liquid drop on the same, under the application of an electrical voltage, has remained far from being well understood. Here, we demonstrate that electrospreading dynamics on soft substrates is dictated by the combined interplay of electrocapillarity, the wetting line friction and the viscoelastic energy dissipation at the contact line. Our results reveal that during such electro-elastocapillarity mediated spreading of a sessile drop, the contact radius evolution exhibits a universal power law in a substrate elasticity based non-dimensional time, with an electric potential dependent spreading exponent. Simultaneously, the macroscopic dynamic contact angle variation follows a general power law in the contact line velocity, normalized by elasticity dependent characteristic velocity scale. Our results are likely to provide the foundation for the development of a plethora of new applications involving droplet manipulations by exploiting the interplay between electrically triggered spreading and substrate-compliance over interfacial scales.
Evaluation of Cask Drop Criticality Issues at K Basin
An analysis of ability of Multi-canister Overpack (MCO) to withstand drops at K Basin without exceeding the criticality design requirements. Report concludes the MCO will function acceptably. The spent fuel currently residing in the 105 KE and 105 KW storage basins will be placed in fuel storage baskets which will be loaded into the MCO cask assembly. During the basket loading operations the MCO cask assembly will be positioned near the bottom of the south load out pit (SLOP). The loaded MCO cask will be lifted from the SLOP transferred to the transport trailer and delivered to the Cold Vacuum Drying Facility (CVDF). In the wet condition there is a potential for criticality problems if significant changes in the designed fuel configurations occur. The purpose of this report is to address structural issues associated with criticality design features for MCO cask drop accidents in the 105 KE and 105 KW facilities.
Optical add/drop filter for wavelength division multiplexed systems
Deri, Robert J. (Pleasanton, CA); Strand, Oliver T. (Castro Valley, CA); Garrett, Henry E. (Livermore, CA)
An optical add/drop filter for wavelength division multiplexed systems and construction methods are disclosed. The add/drop filter includes a first ferrule having a first pre-formed opening for receiving a first optical fiber; an interference filter oriented to pass a first set of wavelengths along the first optical fiber and reflect a second set of wavelengths; and, a second ferrule having a second pre-formed opening for receiving the second optical fiber, and the reflected second set of wavelengths. A method for constructing the optical add/drop filter consists of the steps of forming a first set of openings in a first ferrule; inserting a first set of optical fibers into the first set of openings; forming a first set of guide pin openings in the first ferrule; dividing the first ferrule into a first ferrule portion and a second ferrule portion; forming an interference filter on the first ferrule portion; inserting guide pins through the first set of guide pin openings in the first ferrule portion and second ferrule portion to passively align the first set of optical fibers; removing material such that light reflected from the interference filter from the first set of optical fibers is accessible; forming a second set of openings in a second ferrule; inserting a second set of optical fibers into the second set of openings; and positioning the second ferrule with respect to the first ferrule such that the second set of optical fibers receive the light reflected from the interference filter.
Drop fragment distributions under shear with inertia q Y. Renardy a,*
Renardy, Yuriko
.55.Dz; 47.11.+j; 47.20.Gv Keywords: Drop breakup; VOF method 1. Introduction Drop breakup processes provide the mechanisms through which emulsions form, in devices such as rotor�stator mixers (Utracki
Fidelity of Analytic Drop Size Distributions in Drizzling Stratiform Clouds Based on Large-Eddy Simulations
Kogan, Yefim L.; Kogan, Zena N.; Mechem, David B.
Cloud microphysical parameterizations and retrievals rely heavily on knowledge of the shape of drop size distributions (DSDs). Many investigations assume that DSDs in the entire or partial drop size range may be approximated ...
2014 Hydrogen Student Design Contest to Design Drop-In Hydrogen...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
2014 Hydrogen Student Design Contest to Design Drop-In Hydrogen Fueling Station 2014 Hydrogen Student Design Contest to Design Drop-In Hydrogen Fueling Station December 16, 2013 -...
SEMIACTIVE DAMPING OF CABLES WITH SAG E.A. Johnson,1 R.E. Christenson,2 and B.F. Spencer, Jr.2
Johnson, Erik A.
damping, cable galloping, rain-wind induced vibration, cable sag, structural control INTRODUCTION Cables by vortex shedding, wake-induced oscillation, and iced and ice-free galloping. Fatigue of the transmission lines near clamps or masses (such as aircraft warning spheres) is the principal effect of conductor
First Measurements and Results With a Stretched Wire Test Setup
Peters, Franz
The LINAC Coherent Light Source [LCLS] is a free electron laser, designed to produce high brilliant X-ray beams using Self Amplified Spontaneous Emission [SASE]. Due to the physics of SASE, the electron beam has to be held very precisely on the same trajectory as the X-ray light beam generated by the undulator magnets. To optimize the SASE output, trajectory deviations between both beams have to be minimized to a few micrometers along the entire undulator section and held stable over the time period between beam-based-alignment processes. Consequently, extremely high position stability of all magnets in the undulator section is required to operate the LCLS successfully. The knowledge of any magnet movement exceeding few micrometers during periods of several weeks is essential for efficient X-ray generation. A well known principle of monitoring transverse component positions along beam lines is the application of stretched wires, associated with suitable wire position sensors and electronics. The particular challenge at LCLS is the required wire system performance in conjunction with the length of the undulator section and the large number of monitors. Verification of system stability and resolution under real conditions is the primary goal of this test setup. A stretched wire test setup has been implemented to gain experience for the final design of a wire system, which will meet the position monitoring requirements in the LCLS undulator section. The report briefly introduces the system's architecture and describes first measurements and results.
Multisublevel Magnetoquantum Conductance in Single and Coupled Double Quantum Wires
Lyo, Sungkwun Ken; Huang, Danhong
We study the ballistic and diffusive magnetoquantum transport using a typical quantum point contact geometry for single and tunnel-coupled double wires that are wide (less than or similar to1 mum) in one perpendicular direction with densely populated sublevels and extremely confined in the other perpendicular (i.e., growth) direction. A general analytic solution to the Boltzmann equation is presented for multisublevel elastic scattering at low temperatures. The solution is employed to study interesting magnetic-field dependent behavior of the conductance such as a large enhancement and quantum oscillations of the conductance for various structures and field orientations. These phenomena originate from the following field-induced properties: magnetic confinement, displacement of the initial- and final-state wave functions for scattering, variation of the Fermi velocities, mass enhancement, depopulation of the sublevels and anticrossing (in double quantum wires). The magnetoconductance is strikingly different in long diffusive (or rough. dirty) wires from the quantized conductance in short ballistic (or clean) wires. Numerical results obtained for the rectangular confinement potentials in the growth direction are satisfactorily interpreted in terms of the analytic solutions based on harmonic confinement potentials. Some of the predicted features of the field-dependent diffusive and quantized conductances are consistent with recent data from GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs double quantum wires.
Mechanical optimisation of a high-precision fast wire scanner at CERN
Samuelsson, Sebastian; Veness, Raymond
Wire scanners are instruments used to measure the transverse beam prole in particle accelerators by passing a thin wire through the particle beam. To avoid the issues of vacuum leakage through the bellows and wire failure related to current designs of wire scanners, a new concept for a wire scanner has been developed at CERN. This design has all moving parts inside the beam vacuum and has a nominal wire scanning speed of 20 m/s. The demands on the design associated with this together with the high precision requirements create a need for\
Stretching and squeezing of sessile dielectric drops by the optical radiation pressure
Boyer, Edmond
Stretching and squeezing of sessile dielectric drops by the optical radiation pressure Hamza Chra to the optical radiation pressure of a continuous Gaussian laser wave. Both drop stretching and drop squeezing are investigated at steady state where capillary effects balance the optical radiation pressure. A boundary
ULTRA LOW PRESSURE-DROP HELIUM-COOLED POROUS-TUNGSTEN PFC S. Sharafat1
Ghoniem, Nasr M.
ULTRA LOW PRESSURE-DROP HELIUM-COOLED POROUS-TUNGSTEN PFC S. Sharafat1 , A. Mills1 , D. Youchison2/s. Based on these impressive performance results, a unique and scalable heat exchanger channel with ultra-low and ultra low-pressure drop short flow-path (SOFIT) concept was designed. Typical pressure drops through
Ratchet-like motion of a shaken drop Xavier Noblin, Richard Kofman, and Franck Celestini
Boyer, Edmond
Ratchet-like motion of a shaken drop Xavier Noblin, Richard Kofman, and Franck Celestini the underlying mechanism leading to this ratchet-like motion of the drop. Our model includes the particular case do not provide the ratchet- like asymmetry necessary to induce a net drop displace- ment. Brunet et
Heubach, Silvia
RISES, LEVELS, DROPS AND "+" SIGNS IN COMPOSITIONS: EXTENSIONS OF A PAPER BY ALLADI AND HOGGATT S, levels (a summand followed by itself), rises (a summand followed by a larger one), and drops (a summand of levels, rises and drops for compositions, as well as interesting connections between these quantities
Vapor chambers with jumping-drop liquid return from superhydrophobic condensers
Chen, Chuan-Hua
Vapor chambers with jumping-drop liquid return from superhydrophobic condensers Jonathan B. Boreyko January 2013 Accepted 28 January 2013 Keywords: Jumping drops Vapor chamber Superhydrophobicity Wick-propelled jumping drops on a superhydrophobic condenser offer a new mechanism to return the working fluid
Aging and condition monitoring of electric cables in nuclear power plants
Lofaro, R.J.; Grove, E.; Soo, P.
There are a variety of environmental stressors in nuclear power plants that can influence the aging rate of components; these include elevated temperatures, high radiation fields, and humid conditions. Exposure to these stressors over long periods of time can cause degradation of components that may go undetected unless the aging mechanisms are identified and monitored. In some cases the degradation may be mitigated by maintenance or replacement. However, some components receive neither and are thus more susceptible to aging degradation, which might lead to failure. One class of components that falls in this category is electric cables. Cables are very often overlooked in aging analyses since they are passive components that require no maintenance. However, they are very important components since they provide power to safety related equipment and transmit signals to and from instruments and controls. This paper will look at the various aging mechanisms and failure modes associated with electric cables. Condition monitoring techniques that may be useful for monitoring degradation of cables will also be discussed.
Analysis Framework for Cooperating Mobile Cable Robots Xiaobo Zhou, Chin Pei Tang and Venkat Krovi
Krovi, Venkat
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA xzhou9 energy consumption, ease of assembly/disassembly and reconfiguration. Cooperative payload manipulation design and analysis of cooperative mobile cable robots, building upon knowledge base of multi
Fabrication, qualification and test of high Jc ROEBEL YBCO coated conductor cable for HEP magnets
Lombardo, V.; Barzi, E.; Turrioni, D.; Zlobin, A.V.; /Fermilab; Long, N.J.; Badcock, R.A.
The ROEBEL cable concept allows for a high critical current cable assembled using commercially available YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{Delta}} coated conductors. this approach to cable design leads to several technological improvements if applied to the manufacture process of next generation low inductance, high current density HTS coils. A reduction in inductance proves to be extremely important when it comes to protection of coils capable of generating fields in the range of 40-50T, such as the ones needed in the last stage of the cooling channel of a muon collider. In this work several aspects are presented including the qualification and minimum requirements for YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{Delta}}coated conductor in terms of 2D current density uniformity and the manufacturing process of ROEBEL cables. Test results achieved using a superconducting transformer for critical current measurements in liquid helium are shown, discussed and compared to the performance of a single YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{Delta}} coated conductor tape.
Engineering in the service of science; construction of a cabled ocean observatory
Frandsen, Jannette B.
Engineering in the service of science; construction of a cabled ocean observatory Mr. Peter Phibbs for maintenance can quickly make a system uneconomic. Peter Phibbs was project manager for the $75M construction ocean observatory, and went into operation fifteen months ago. The infrastructure demonstrates not only
Optimal Selection of AC Cables for Large Scale Offshore Wind Farms
Hu, Weihao
Optimal Selection of AC Cables for Large Scale Offshore Wind Farms Peng Hou, Weihao Hu, Zhe firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, email@example.com Abstract--The investment of large scale offshore wind farms is high the operational requirements of the offshore wind farms and the connected power systems. In this paper, a new cost
Boyer, Edmond
DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION IN A BENCHMARK CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE USING THE INTERPOLATION METHOD Marco firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT In this paper the damage localization algorithm based on Operational Deformed Shapes (ODS) and known as Interpolation Damage Detection Method (IDDM), is applied
State of the art analysis of online fault location on AC cables in underground transmission systems
Bak, Claus Leth
on transmission level fault location methods have been focused on overhead lines. Because of the very different- termine the fault location. Because only one end meas- urements are used, the algorithm is derived usingState of the art analysis of online fault location on AC cables in underground transmission systems
On the use of doped polyethylene as an insulating material for HVDC cables
Khalil, M.S. [Sultan Qaboos Univ., Muscat (Oman)
The merits of HVDC cables with polymeric insulation are well recognized. However, the development of such cables is still hampered due to the problems resulting from the complicated dependence of the electrical conductivity of the polymer on the temperature and the dc electric field and the effects of space charge accumulation in this material. Different methods have been suggested to solve these problems yet none of these methods seem to give a conclusive solution. The present report provides, firstly a critical review of the previous works reported in the literature concerning the development of HVDC cables with polymeric insulation. Different aspects of those works are examined and discussed. Secondly, an account is given on an investigation using low density polyethylene (LDPE) doped with an inorganic additive as a candidate insulating material for HVDC cables. Preliminary results from measurements of dc breakdown strength and insulation resistivity of both the undoped and the doped materials are presented. It is shown that the incorporation of an inorganic additive into LDPE has improved the performance of the doped material under polarity reversal dc conditions at room temperature. Moreover, the dependency of the insulation resistivity on temperature for the doped material appears to be beneficially modified.
Rienstra, Sjoerd W.
-elastic instability is known as galloping [1�16]. For high enough amplitudes neighbouring conductors may get close, The Netherlands E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Keywords: Vibrating suspended cables, galloping, resonance, Lindstedt values right at this resonance will delay or hinder the occurrence of galloping. 1. INTRODUCTION Overhead
Identification of Contradictory Patterns in Experimental Datasets for the Development of Models for Electrical Cables
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
for Electrical Cables Diagnostics P. Baraldi1 , M. Compare1 , E. Zio1,2,* , M. de Nigris3 , G. Rizzi3 1 Energy thousands of PD patterns recorded by a software tool that processes the PD measurements when these hal, Availability, Maintainability, and Risk Management of International Journal of Performability Engineering 7, 1
Annual Coded Wire Program Missing Production Groups, 1996 Annual Report.
Pastor, S.M. [Fish and Wildlife Service, Vancouver, WA (United States). Columbia River Fisheries Program Office
In 1989 the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) began funding the evaluation of production groups of juvenile anadromous fish not being coded-wire tagged for other programs. These groups were the ``Missing Production Groups``. Production fish released by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) without representative coded-wire tags during the 1980`s are indicated as blank spaces on the survival graphs in this report. The objectives of the ``Missing Production Groups`` program are: to estimate the total survival of each production group, to estimate the contribution of each production group to various fisheries, and to prepare an annual report for all USFWS hatcheries in the Columbia River basin. Coded-wire tag recovery information will be used to evaluate the relative success of individual brood stocks. This information can also be used by salmon harvest managers to develop plans to allow the harvest of excess hatchery fish while protecting threatened, endangered, or other stocks of concern.
Feasibility study of Nb3Al Rutherford cable for high field accelerator magnet application
Yamada, R.; /Fermilab; Kikuchi, A.; /Tsukuba Magnet Lab.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Barzi, E.; Cooper, C.; Feher, S.; Kashikhin, V.V.; Lamm, M.; Novitski, I.; /Fermilab; Takeuchi, T.; /Tsukuba Magnet Lab.; Tartaglia, M.; Turrioni, D.; /Fermilab; Verweij, A.P.; /CERN; Wake, M.; Willering, G; /Tsukuba Magnet Lab.; Zlobin, A.V.; /Fermilab
Feasibility study of Cu stabilized Nb{sub 3}Al strand and Rutherford cable for the application to high field accelerator magnets are being done at Fermilab in collaboration with NIMS. The Nb{sub 3}Al strand, which was developed and manufactured at NIMS in Japan, has a non-copper Jc of about 844 A/mm{sup 2} at 15 Tesla at 4.2 K, a copper content of 50%, and filament size of about 50 microns. Rutherford cables with 27 Nb{sub 3}Al strands of 1.03 mm diameter were fabricated and tested. Quench tests on a short cable were done to study its stability with only its self field, utilizing a high current transformer. A pair of 2 meter long Nb{sub 3}Al cables was tested extensively at CERN at 4.3 and 1.9 K up to 11 Tesla including its self field with a high transport current of 20.2 kA. In the low field test we observed instability near splices and in the central region. This is related to the flux-jump like behavior, because of excessive amount of Nb in the Nb{sub 3}Al strand. There is possibility that the Nb in Nb{sub 3}Al can cause instability below 2 Tesla field regions. We need further investigation on this problem. Above 8 Tesla, we observed quenches near the critical surface at fast ramp rate from 1000 to 3000 A/sec, with quench velocity over 100 m/sec. A small racetrack magnet was made using a 14 m of Rutherford cable and successfully tested up to 21.8 kA, corresponding to 8.7 T.
Thermodynamic and kinetic control of the lateral Si wire growth
Dedyulin, Sergey N., E-mail: email@example.com; Goncharova, Lyudmila V. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, Ontario N6A 3K7 (Canada)
Reproducible lateral Si wire growth has been realized on the Si (100) surface. In this paper, we present experimental evidence showing the unique role that carbon plays in initiating lateral growth of Si wires on a Si (100) substrate. Once initiated in the presence of ?5 ML of C, lateral growth can be achieved in the range of temperatures, T?=?450�650?�C, and further controlled by the interplay of the flux of incoming Si atoms with the size and areal density of Au droplets. Critical thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the growth are discussed in detail.
Characterization of a high-temperature superconducting conductor on round core cables in magnetic fields up to 20 T
van der Laan, Danko [Advanced Conductor Technologies; Noyes, Patrick [National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Miller, George [National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Weijers, Hubertus [National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Willering, Gerard [CERN
The next generation of high-field magnets that will operate at magnetic fields substantially above 20 T, or at temperatures substantially above 4.2 K, requires high-temperature superconductors (HTS). Conductor on round core (CORC) cables, in which RE-Ba{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} (RE = rare earth) (REBCO) coated conductors are wound in a helical fashion on a fl?exible core, are a practical and versatile HTS cable option for low-inductance, high-fi�eld magnets. We performed the fi�rst tests of CORC magnet cables in liquid helium in magnetic fi�elds of up to 20 T. A record critical current I{sub c} of 5021 A was measured at 4.2 K and 19 T. In a cable with an outer diameter of 7.5 mm, this value corresponds to an engineering current density J{sub e} of 114 A mm{sup -2} , the highest J{sub e} ever reported for a superconducting cable at such high magnetic fields. Additionally, the fi�rst magnet wound from an HTS cable was constructed from a 6 m-long CORC cable. The 12-turn, double-layer magnet had an inner diameter of 9 cm and was tested in a magnetic fi�eld of 20 T, at which it had an I{sub c} of 1966 A. The cables were quenched repetitively without degradation during the measurements, demonstrating the feasibility of HTS CORC cables for use in high-fi�eld magnet applications.
Ab Initio study of neutron drops with chiral Hamiltonians
H. D. Potter; S. Fischer; P. Maris; J. P. Vary; S. Binder; A. Calci; J. Langhammer; R. Roth
We report ab initio calculations for neutron drops in a 10 MeV external harmonic-oscillator trap using chiral nucleon-nucleon plus three-nucleon interactions. We present total binding energies, internal energies, radii and odd-even energy differences for neutron numbers N = 2 - 18 using the no-core shell model with and without importance truncation. Furthermore, we present total binding energies for N = 8, 16, 20, 28, 40, 50 obtained in a coupled-cluster approach. Comparisons with Green's Function Monte Carlo results, where available, using Argonne v8' with three-nucleon interactions reveal important dependences on the chosen Hamiltonian.
Drop In Fuels: Where the Road Leads | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn't Your Destiny:Revised Finding of No53197E TDrew Bittner About Us Drew BittnerHome to aDrivingDrop
Advanced Drop-In Biofuels Initiative Agenda | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn't Your Destiny: The Future of1 AAccelerated agingDepartment ofEnergy TechnologyDrop-In
Tantalum wire product development strategy : gaining a competitive advantage in a commodity market
Hovav, Michal
In the face of growing competition and the commoditization in the Tantalum Wire business, H.C. Starck must find a way to differentiate their wire products from competitors in order to survive in this market. This thesis ...
Coaxial Wire Impedance Measurements of BPM Buttons for the PEP-II B-FACTORY
Corlett, J.N.
GHz) Figure 5. 1.5 cm BPM button in HER arc chamber.Wire Impedance Measurements of BPM Buttons for the PEP-lIB-WIRE IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS OF BPM BUTTONS FOR THE PEP-II B-
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
DAMAGE DETECTION METHODS ON WIND TURBINE BLADE TESTING WITH WIRED AND WIRELESS ACCELEROMETER turbine blade. We compare the data collected from the wireless sensors against wired sensors for nonstationary blade excitations. KEYWORDS : Structural Health Monitoring, Damage Detection, Wind Turbine
A Laser-Wire System at the ATF Extraction Line
Boogert, S.T.; Blair, G.; Boorman, G.; Bosco, A.; Deacon, L.; Driouichi, C.; Karataev, P.; /Royal Holloway, U. of London; Kamps, T.; /BESSY, Berlin; Delerue, N.; Dixit, S.; Foster, B.; Gannaway, F.; Howell, D.F.; Qureshi, M.; Reichold, A.; Senanayake, R.; /Oxford U.; Aryshev, A.; Hayano, H.; Kubo, K.; Terunuma, N.; Urakawa, J.; /KEK, Tsukuba /Liverpool
A new laser-wire (LW) system has been installed at the ATF extraction line at KEK, Tsukuba. The system aims at a micron-scale laser spot size and employs a mode-locked laser system. The purpose-built interaction chamber, light delivery optics, and lens systems are described, and the first results are presented.
On Communication Requirements for Control-by-Wire Applications
Johansson, Roger
distributed control systems for safety critical applications #12;2003-08-07 ISSC 21 2003-08-07 ISSC 21 Presentation Overview � Distributed By-Wire Control, background and motivation � Dependable Real -Time Control Device Implementation hydraulics/pneumaticshydraulics/pneumatics mechanicsmechanics
An equivalent complex permeability model for litz-wire windings
-603-646-3856 Abstract-- Previous methods for calculating power loss in litz- wire windings usually assume very fine effect, increase power loss in windings at high frequencies dramatically. Accurately analyzing eddy of a proximity-effect loss factor, which is power loss per length normalized to the square of external field
Carbon Fiber Components with Integrated Wiring for Millirobot Prototyping *
Fearing, Ron
assembly tool. Index Terms � millimeter-scale robots, modular part construction, integrated wiring, flexure and develop a construction kit for fabricating almost any design, similar to the kits that are available even during large motions. Future work will include the automated assembly of the parts with a low cost
Superradiance in a two-channel quantum wire
Tayebi, A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States); Zelevinsky, V. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States)
A one-dimensional, two-channel quantum wire is studied in the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian framework. Analytical expressions are derived for the band structure of the isolated wire. Quantum states and transport properties of the wire coupled to two ideal leads at the edges are studied in detail. The width distribution of the quasistationary states varies as a function of the coupling strength to the environment. At weak coupling, all the eigenenergies uniformly acquire small widths. The picture changes entirely at strong coupling, a certain number of states (�super-radiant�) are greatly broadened, while the rest remain long-lived states, a pure quantum mechanical effect as a consequence of quantum interference. The transition between the two regimes greatly influences the transport properties of the system. The maximum transmission through the wire occurs at the super-radiance transition. We consider also a realistic situation with energy-dependent coupling to the continuum due to the existence of decay threshold where super-radiance still plays a significant role in transport properties of the system.
First Test Results of the New LANSCE Wire Scanner
Sedillo, James Daniel [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The Beam Diagnostics and Instrumentation Team (BDIT) at Los Alamos National Laboratory's LANSCE facility is presently developing a new and improved wire scanner diagnostics system controlled by National Instrument's cRIO platform. This paper describes the current state of development of the control system along with the results gathered from the latest actuator motion performance and accelerator-beam data acquisition tests.
An Environmental Monitoring System with Integrated Wired and Wireless Sensors
Huang, Yan
environmental monitoring cyber infrastruc- ture that features (1) soil moisture monitoring with flexible spatial Environmental Observatory (TEO) infrastructure [9] for long-term operation. The new WSN-based soil moistureAn Environmental Monitoring System with Integrated Wired and Wireless Sensors Jue Yang, Chengyang
Page 4 Summer 2004Wetland Wire Revisiting the Iraqi Marshlands
wetlands ecology and management. They encountered water treatment and sewage treatment facilities that hadPage 4 Summer 2004Wetland Wire Revisiting the Iraqi Marshlands DUWC Director says restoration efforts are progressing, but the record is mixed hen Duke University Wetland Center Director Curtis
Electronic structures of one-dimension carbon nano wires and H. Ding and J. P. Maier
Maier, John Paul
molecular wires have been extensively investigated using various methods.[2] These wires consist electronic devices as replacements for the Al or Cu wiring used in logic and memory devices.[1] One aromatic structures.[3-4] They are ideal model systems for studying the electronic structure of low
Analysis of Minimum Cost in Shape-Optimized Litz-Wire Inductor Windings
Analysis of Minimum Cost in Shape-Optimized Litz-Wire Inductor Windings C. R. Sullivan J. D. Mc the IEEE. #12;Analysis of Minimum Cost in Shape-Optimized Litz-Wire Inductor Windings Charles R. Sullivan://engineering.dartmouth.edu/inductor Abstract--Litz-wire windings for gapped inductors are optimized for minimum cost within a loss constraint
Active Position Control of a Shape Memory Alloy Wire Actuated Composite Beam
Active Position Control of a Shape Memory Alloy Wire Actuated Composite Beam Gangbing Songa, Bth the design and experiment results of active position control of a shape memory alloy (SMA) wires actuated composite beam. The composite beam is honeycomb structured with shape memory alloy wires embedded in one
Kassegne, Samuel Kinde
DNA MOLECULAR WIRE-BASED NANOELECTRONICS: NEW INSIGHT AND HIGH FREQUENCY AC ELECTRICAL the Thesis of Denni Ari Wibowo: DNA Molecular Wire-Based Nanoelectronics: New Insight and High Frequency AC alone. #12;v ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS DNA Molecular Wire-Based Nanoelectronics: New Insight and High
Wire-grid diffraction gratings used as polarizing beam splitter for
Wire-grid diffraction gratings used as polarizing beam splitter for visible light and applied of wire grid polarizers as efficient polarizing beam splitters for visible light is studied. The large of wire-grid polarizers in liquid crystal on silicon display systems is considered. � 2005 Optical Society
Plasticity of metal wires in torsion: Molecular dynamics and dislocation dynamics simulations
Cai, Wei
Plasticity of metal wires in torsion: Molecular dynamics and dislocation dynamics simulations t The orientation dependent plasticity in metal nanowires is investigated using molecular dynamics and dislocation wires controls the mechanisms of plastic deformation. For wires oriented along /1 1 0S, dislocations
Optimal Choice for Number of Strands in a Litz-Wire Transformer Winding
Optimal Choice for Number of Strands in a Litz-Wire Transformer Winding C. R. Sullivan Found Choice for Number of Strands in a Litz-Wire Transformer Winding Charles R. Sullivan Thayer School/inductor Abstract -- The number of strands to minimize loss in a litz-wire transformer winding is determined
Holbrook Substation Superconductor Cable System, Long Island, New York Final Report
Maguire, James; McNamara, Joseph
The LIPA Superconductor project broke ground on July 4, 2006, was first energized on April 22, 2008 (Earth Day) and was commissioned on June 25, 2008. Since commissioning, up until early March, 2009, there were numerous refrigeration events that impacted steady state operations. This led to the review of the alarms that were being generated and a rewrite of the program logic in order to decrease the hypersensitivity surrounding these alarms. The high temperature superconductor (HTS) cable was energized on March 5, 2009 and ran uninterrupted until a human error during a refrigeration system switchover knocked the cable out of the grid in early February 2010. The HTS cable was in the grid uninterrupted from March 5, 2009 to February 4, 2010. Although there have been refrigeration events (propagated mainly by voltage sags/surges) during this period, the system was able to automatically switch over from the primary to the backup refrigeration system without issue as required during this period. On February 4, 2010, when switching from the backup over to the primary refrigeration system, two rather than one liquid nitrogen pumps were started inadvertently by a human error (communication) causing an overpressure in the cable cooling line. This in turn activated the pressure relief valve located in the grounding substation. The cable was automatically taken out of the grid without any damage to the components or system as a result of signals sent from the AMSC control cabinet to the LIPA substation. The cable was switched back into the grid again on March 16, 2010 without incident and has been operational since that time. Since switching from the backup to the primary is not an automatic process, a recent improvement was added to the refrigeration operating system to allow remote commands to return the system from backup to primary cooling. This improvement makes the switching procedure quicker since travel to the site to perform this operation is no longer necessary and safer since it is now a programmed procedure versus the former written procedure that was still subject to human variation in the process.
System solutions study on the fatigue of the fast cable-net structure caused by form-changing operation
Jiang, Peng; Qian, Lei; Yue, You-Ling
The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST) is supported by a cable-net structure, whose change in form leads to a stress range of approximately 500MPa. This stress range is more than twice the standard authorized value. The cable-net structure is thus the most critical and fragile part of the FAST reflector system. In this study, we first search for a more appropriate deformation strategy that reduces the stress amplitude generated by the form-changing operation. Second, we roughly estimate the tracking trajectory of the telescope during its service life, and conduct an extensive numerical investigation to assess the fatigue resistance requirements. Finally, we develop a new type of steel cable system that meets that cable requirements for FAST construction.
The U.S. cable television industry : the multi-service operator organizational structure as a bundle of competencies
Moorthy, Satish K. (Satish Kumar)
The United States cable television industry is experiencing fierce competition from telephone companies and content providers, as well as new and possibly unknown entrants. As organizations in the industry are currently ...
The Winch-Bot : a cable-suspended, under-actuated robot utilizing parametric self-excitation
Cunningham, Daniel Philip
A simple, compact, yet powerful robotic winch, called "Winch-Bot," is presented in this thesis. The Winch-Bot is an underactuated robot having only one controllable axis. Although hanging a load with merely one cable, it ...
Investigation of broadband over power line channel capacity of shipboard power system cables for ship communications networks
Akinnikawe, Ayorinde
cables. The work used a multiconductor transmission line theory based approach to model the channel response of SPS distribution lines and estimated the channel throughput capacity using a �water-filling� communication technique. This work found that BPL...
The aging of tungsten filaments and its effect on wire surface kinetics in hot-wire chemical vapor deposition
Atwater, Harry
desorption kinetics. In particular, the Si signal exhibits a high temperature activation energy consistent vapor deposition growth have been measured by quadrupole mass spectrometry. New wires produce Si with previous measurements; the activation energy for the SiH3 signal suggests its formation is catalyzed. Aged
Single-Wire Light-Emitting Diodes Based on GaN Wires Containing Both Polar and Nonpolar InGaN/GaN Quantum Wells
Single-Wire Light-Emitting Diodes Based on GaN Wires Containing Both Polar and Nonpolar InGaN/GaN based on radial p�i�n multi quantum well (QW) junctions have been realized from GaN wires grown by catalyst- free metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. The Inx Ga1�x N/GaN undoped QW system is coated over both
Fabrication of Chemically Doped, High Upper Critical Field Magnesium Diboride Superconducting Wires
Marzik, James, V.
Controlled chemical doping of magnesium diboride (MgB2) has been shown to substantially improve its superconducting properties to the levels required for high field magnets, but the doping is difficult to accomplish through the usual route of solid state reaction and diffusion. Further, superconducting cables of MgB2 are difficult to fabricate because of the friable nature of the material. In this Phase I STTR project, doped and undoped boron fibers were made by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Several >100m long batches of doped and undoped fiber were made by CVD codeposition of boron plus dopants. Bundles of these fibers infiltrated with liquid magnesium and subsequently converted to MgB2 to form Mg-MgB2 metal matrix composites. In a parallel path, doped boron nano-sized powder was produced by a plasma synthesis technique, reacted with magnesium to produce doped MgB2 superconducting ceramic bodies. The doped powder was also fabricated into superconducting wires several meters long. The doped boron fibers and powders made in this program were fabricated into fiber-metal composites and powder-metal composites by a liquid metal infiltration technique. The kinetics of the reaction between boron fiber and magnesium metal was investigated in fiber-metal composites. It was found that the presence of dopants had significantly slowed the reaction between magnesium and boron. The superconducting properties were measured for MgB2 fibers and MgB2 powders made by liquid metal infiltration. Properties of MgB2 products (Jc, Hc2) from Phase I are among the highest reported to date for MgB2 bulk superconductors. Chemically doped MgB2 superconducting magnets can perform at least as well as NbTi and NbSn3 in high magnetic fields and still offer an improvement over the latter two in terms of operating temperature. These characteristics make doped MgB2 an effective material for high magnetic field applications, such as magnetic confined fusion, and medical MRI devices. Developing fusion as an energy source will dramatically reduce energy costs, global warming, and radioactive waste. Cheaper and more efficient medical MRI devices could lower examination costs, find potential health problems earlier, and thus also benefit society as a whole. Other potential commercial applications for this material are devices for the generation and storage of electrical power, thus lowering the cost of delivered electricity.
Development of preference models for regular dissemination of informational and educational programming through cable television systems of Texas
Quinn, Larry Arnold
of formats on the market today. Different manufacturers' equipment is not compatible, and often even equipment manufactured by the same company is not always compatible (9: I). Results of this study will reveal to the Texas cable industry the kinds...DEVELOPMENT OF PREFERENCE MODELS FOR REGULAR DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMING THROUGH CABLE TELEVISION SYSTEMS OF TEXAS A Thesis by LARRY ARNOLD QUINN Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University...
Microminiaturized minimally invasive intravascular micro-mechanical systems powered and controlled via fiber-optic cable
Fitch, J.P.; Hagans, K.; Clough, R.; Matthews, D.L.; Lee, A.P.; Krulevitch, P.A.; Benett, W.J.; Silva, L. Da; Celliers, P.M.
A micro-mechanical system for medical procedures is constructed in the basic form of a catheter having a distal end for insertion into and manipulation within a body and a near end providing for a user to control the manipulation of the distal end within the body. A fiber-optic cable is disposed within the catheter and having a distal end proximate to the distal end of the catheter and a near end for external coupling of laser light energy. A microgripper is attached to the distal end of the catheter and providing for the gripping or releasing of an object within the body. A laser-light-to-mechanical-power converter is connected to receive laser light from the distal end of the fiber-optic cable and connected to mechanically actuate the microgripper. 22 figs.
Microminiaturized minimally invasive intravascular micro-mechanical systems powered and controlled via fiber-optic cable
Fitch, Joseph P. (Livermore, CA); Hagans, Karla (Livermore, CA); Clough, Robert (Danville, CA); Matthews, Dennis L. (Moss Beach, CA); Lee, Abraham P. (Walnut Creek, CA); Krulevitch, Peter A. (Los Altos, CA); Benett, William J. (Livermore, CA); Da Silva, Luiz (Danville, CA); Celliers, Peter M. (Berkeley, CA)
A micro-mechanical system for medical procedures is constructed in the basic form of a catheter having a distal end for insertion into and manipulation within a body and a near end providing for a user to control the manipulation of the distal end within the body. A fiberoptic cable is disposed within the catheter and having a distal end proximate to the distal end of the catheter and a near end for external coupling of laser light energy. A microgripper is attached to the distal end of the catheter and providing for the gripping or releasing of an object within the body. A laser-light-to-mechanical-power converter is connected to receive laser light from the distal end of the fiberoptic cable and connected to mechanically actuate the microgripper.
Design of Experiments to Determine Causes of Flex Cable Solder Wicking, Discoloration and Hole Location Defects
Wolfe, Larry
Design of Experiments (DoE) were developed and performed in an effort to discover and resolve the causes of three different manufacturing issues; large panel voids after Hot Air Solder Leveling (HASL), cable hole locations out of tolerance after lamination and delamination/solder wicking around flat flex cable circuit lands after HASL. Results from a first DoE indicated large panel voids could be eliminated by removing the pre-HASL cleaning. It also revealed eliminating the pre-HASL bake would not be detrimental when using a hard press pad lamination stackup. A second DoE indicated a reduction in hard press pad stackup lamination pressure reduced panel stretch in the y axis approximately 70%. A third DoE illustrated increasing the pre-HASL bake temperature could reduce delamination/solder wicking when using a soft press pad lamination stackup.
Superheated-steam test of ethylene propylene rubber cables using a simultaneous aging and accident environment
Bennett, P.R.; St. Clair, S.D.; Gilmore, T.W.
The superheated-steam test exposed different ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) cables and insulation specimens to simultaneous aging and a 21-day simultaneous accident environment. In addition, some insulation specimens were exposed to five different aging conditions prior to the 21-day simultaneous accident simulation. The purpose of this superheated-steam test (a follow-on to the saturated-steam tests (NUREG/CR-3538)) was to: (1) examine electrical degradation of different configurations of EPR cables; (2) investigate differences between using superheated-steam or saturated-steam at the start of an accident simulation; (3) determine whether the aging technique used in the saturated-steam test induced artificial degradation; and (4) identify the constituents in EPR that affect moisture absorption.
Preparation of high temperature superconducting coated wires by dipping and post annealing
Provenzano, V.; Singh, A.K.; Imam, M.A.; Tritt, T.M.
This patent describes a process for coating a film on a wire substrate, it comprises: melting a superconducting metal oxide mixture in a crucible to form a melt; coating the substrate with a diffusion barrier; dipping the coated wire substrate into the melt; cooling the coated wire substrate at a rate sufficiently slow to avoid thermal shock and hot cracking; and post-annealing the cooled, coated wire substrate to relieve thermal stresses in the coating, whereupon the superconducting metal-oxide mixture forms a perovskite coating upon the wire substrate.
Final Report-MATERIALS, STRANDS, AND CABLES FOR SUPERCONDUCTING ACCELERATOR MAGNETS
Sumption, Mike D [OSU; Collings, E W
This report focuses on Materials, Strands and Cables for High Energy Physics Particle accelerators. In the materials area, work has included studies of basic reactions, diffusion, transformations, and phase assemblage of Nb3Sn. These materials science aspects have been married to results, in the form of flux pinning, Bc2, Birr, and transport Jc, with an emphasis on obtaining the needed Jc for HEP needs. Attention has also been paid to the �intermediate-temperature superconductor�, magnesium diboride emphasis being placed on (i) irreversibility field enhancement, (ii) critical current density and flux pinning, and (iii) connectivity. We also report on studies of Bi-2212. The second area of the program has been in the area of �Strands� in which, aside from the materials aspect of the conductor, its physical properties and their influence on performance have been studied. Much of this work has been in the area of magnetization estimation and flux jump calculation and control. One of the areas of this work was strand instabilities in high-performance Nb3Sn conductors due to combined fields and currents. Additionally, we investigated quench and thermal propagation in YBCO coated conductors at low temperatures and high fields. The last section, �Cables�, focussed on interstrand contact resistance, ICR, it origins, control, and implications. Following on from earlier work in NbTi, the present work in Nb3Sn has aimed to make ICR intermediate between the two extremes of too little contact (no current sharing) and too much (large and unacceptable magnetization and associated beam de-focussing). Interstrand contact and current sharing measurements are being made on YBCO based Roebel cables using transport current methods. Finally, quench was investigated for YBCO cables and the magnets wound from them, presently with a focus on 50 T solenoids for muon collider applications.
Roebel cables from REBCO coated conductors: a one-century-old concept for the superconductivity of the future
Goldacker, Wilfried; Pardo, Enric; Kario, Anna; Schlachter, Sonja I; Vojenciak, Michal
Energy applications employing high-temperature superconductors (HTS), such as motors/generators, transformers, transmission lines and fault current limiters, are usually operated in the alternate current (AC) regime. In order to be efficient, the HTS devices need to have a sufficiently low value of AC loss, in addition to the necessary current-carrying capacity. Most applications are operated with currents beyond the current capacity of single conductors and consequently require cabled conductor solutions with much higher current carrying capacity, from a few kA to up to 20-30 kA for large hydro-generators. A century ago, in 1914, Ludwig Roebel invented a low-loss cable design for copper cables, which was successively named after him. The main idea behind Roebel cables is to separate the current in different strands and to provide a full transposition of the strands along the cable direction. Nowadays, these cables are commonly used in the stator of large generators. Based on the same design concept of their ...
Strong plasma screening in thermonuclear reactions: Electron drop model
Kravchuk, P A
We analyze enhancement of thermonuclear fusion reactions due to strong plasma screening in dense matter using a simple electron drop model. The model assumes fusion in a potential that is screened by an effective electron cloud around colliding nuclei (extended Salpeter ion-sphere model). We calculate the mean field screened Coulomb potentials for atomic nuclei with equal and nonequal charges, appropriate astrophysical S factors, and enhancement factors of reaction rates. As a byproduct, we study analytic behavior of the screening potential at small separations between the reactants. In this model, astrophysical S factors depend not only on nuclear physics but on plasma screening as well. The enhancement factors are in good agreement with calculations by other methods. This allows us to formulate the combined, pure analytic model of strong plasma screening in thermonuclear reactions. The results can be useful for simulating nuclear burning in white dwarfs and neutron stars.
Strong plasma screening in thermonuclear reactions: Electron drop model
P. A. Kravchuk; D. G. Yakovlev
We analyze enhancement of thermonuclear fusion reactions due to strong plasma screening in dense matter using a simple electron drop model. The model assumes fusion in a potential that is screened by an effective electron cloud around colliding nuclei (extended Salpeter ion-sphere model). We calculate the mean field screened Coulomb potentials for atomic nuclei with equal and nonequal charges, appropriate astrophysical S factors, and enhancement factors of reaction rates. As a byproduct, we study analytic behavior of the screening potential at small separations between the reactants. In this model, astrophysical S factors depend not only on nuclear physics but on plasma screening as well. The enhancement factors are in good agreement with calculations by other methods. This allows us to formulate the combined, pure analytic model of strong plasma screening in thermonuclear reactions. The results can be useful for simulating nuclear burning in white dwarfs and neutron stars.
Drop impact upon micro- and nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces
Tsai, Peichun; Pirat, Christophe; Lefferts, Leon; Lohse, Detlef
We experimentally investigate drop impact dynamics onto different superhydrophobic surfaces, consisting of regular polymeric micropatterns and rough carbon nanofibers, with similar static contact angles. The main control parameters are the Weber number \\We and the roughness of the surface. At small \\We, i.e. small impact velocity, the impact evolutions are similar for both types of substrates, exhibiting Fakir state, complete bouncing, partial rebouncing, trapping of an air bubble, jetting, and sticky vibrating water balls. At large \\We, splashing impacts emerge forming several satellite droplets, which are more pronounced for the multiscale rough carbon nanofiber jungles. The results imply that the multiscale surface roughness at nanoscale plays a minor role in the impact events for small \\We~$\\apprle 120$ but an important one for large \\We~$\\apprge 120$. Finally, we find the effect of ambient air pressure to be negligible in the explored parameter regime \\We~$\\apprle 150$
Magnetization anomaly of Nb3Al strands and instability of Nb3Al Rutherford cables
Yamada, Ryuji; /Fermilab; Kikuchi, Akihiro; /Tsukuba Magnet Lab; Wake, Masayoshi; /KEK, Tsukuba
Using a Cu stabilized Nb{sub 3}Al strand with Nb matrix, a 30 meter long Nb{sub 3}Al Rutherford cable was made by a collaboration of Fermilab and NIMS. Recently the strand and cable were tested. In both cases instability was observed at around 1.5 Tesla. The magnetization of this Nb{sub 3}Al strand was measured first using a balanced coil magnetometer at 4.2 K. Strands showed an anomalously large magnetization behavior around at 1.6 T, which is much higher than the usual B{sub c2} {approx} 0.5 Tesla (4.2 K) of Nb matrix. This result is compared with the magnetization data of short strand samples using a SQUID magnetometer, in which a flux-jump signal was observed at 0.5 Tesla, but not at higher field. As a possible explanation for this magnetization anomaly, the interfilament coupling through the thin Nb films in the strands is suggested. The instability problem observed in low field tests of the Nb{sub 3}Al Rutherford cables is attributed to this effect.
Summary Report of Cable Aging and Performance Data for Fiscal Year 2014.
Celina, Mathias C.; Celina, Mathias C.; Redline, Erica Marie; Redline, Erica Marie; Bernstein, Robert; Bernstein, Robert; Quintana, Adam; Quintana, Adam; Giron, Nicholas Henry; Giron, Nicholas Henry; White II, Gregory Von; White II, Gregory Von
As part of the Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program, science - based engineering approaches were employed to address cable degradation behavior under a range of exposure environments. Experiments were conducted with the goal to provide best guidance for aged material states, remaining life and expected performance under specific conditions for a range of cable materials. Generic engineering tests , which focus on rapid accelerated aging and tensile elongation , were combined with complementar y methods from polymer degradation science. Sandia's approach, building on previous years' efforts, enabled the generation of some of the necessary data supporting the development of improved lifetime predictions models, which incorporate known material b ehaviors and feedback from field - returned 'aged' cable materials. Oxidation rate measurements have provided access to material behavior under low dose rate thermal conditions, where slow degradation is not apparent in mechanical property changes. Such da ta have shown aging kinetics consistent with established radiati on - thermal degradation models. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We gratefully acknowledge ongoing technical support at the LICA facility and extensive sample handling provided by Maryla Wasiolek and Don Hans on. Sam Durbin and Patrick Mattie are recognized for valuable guidance throughout the year and assistance in the preparation of the final report. Doug Brunson is appreciated for sample analysis, compilation and plotting of experimental data.
Measured responses of internal enclosures and cables due to burnthrough penetration of weapon cases by lightning
Schnetzer, G.H.; Fisher, R.J. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Dinallo, M.A. [Quatro Corp., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
The electrical effects of lightning penetration of the outer case of a weapon on internal structures, such as a firing set housing, and on samples of a flat, flexline detonator cable have been investigated experimentally. Maximum open-circuit voltages measured on either simulated structures (126 V) or the cable (46 V) located directly behind the point of penetration were well below any level that is foreseen to create a threat to nuclear safety. On the other hand, it was found that once full burnthrough of the barrier occurred, significant fractions of the incident continuing currents coupled to both the simulated internal structure (up to 300 A) or to the cable sample (69 A) when each was electrically connected internally to case ground. No occurrence was observed of the injection of large amplitude currents from return strokes occurring after barrier penetration. Under circumstances in which small volumes of trapped gases exist behind penetration sites, rapid heating of the gas by return strokes occurring after burnthrough has been shown to produced large mechanical impulses to the adjacent surfaces.
Fabrication and test of a racetrack magnet using pre-reacted Nb3Sn cable
Giorgio Ambrosio et al.
A racetrack magnet, using Nb{sub 3}Sn superconducting cable reacted before winding, has been fabricated and tested at Fermilab. It consists of two flat racetrack coils, connected in a common-coil configuration, separated by a 5 mm thick fiberglass plate. Synthetic oil was used to prevent sintering of the strands during the heat treatment. The coils were wound and vacuum impregnated in the mechanical structure. The turn-to-turn insulation, consisting of Kapton{reg_sign}and pre-impregnated fiberglass tapes as wide as the cable, was wound together with the bare cable in order to form a continuous inter-turn spacer. The coils were instrumented with voltage taps, temperature sensors, spot heaters and quench heaters. The maximum current achieved was 12675 A which is 78% of the short sample limit at 5.1 K (minimum temperature in the coil during 75 A/s ramp). Measurement of the temperature margin revealed a low degradation in the innermost turns. Quench performances at different temperatures and ramp rate effects have been measured and are presented and discussed.
The Top 10 Green-Tech Breakthroughs of 2008 | Wired Science from Wired.com http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/12/the-top-10-gree.html[2/20/2009 7:23:39 PM
Yaghi, Omar M.
the other Wired feeds . Subscribe to WIRED Renew Give a gift Customer Service EDITOR: Betsy Mason | email Tech Breakthroughs of 2008, alternatively titled, The Great Green Hope. 10. THE ISLAND OF THE SOLAR With money flowing like milk and honey in the land of solar technology, all sorts of schemers and dreamers
Growth and characterization of horizontal GaN wires on silicon
Zou, Xinbo; May Lau, Kei, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon (Hong Kong); HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon (Hong Kong); Lu, Xing [Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon (Hong Kong); Lucas, Ryan [Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (United States); Kuech, Thomas F. [HKUST Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon (Hong Kong); Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (United States); Choi, Jonathan W.; Gopalan, Padma [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (United States)
We report the growth of in-plane GaN wires on silicon by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Triangular-shaped GaN microwires with semi-polar sidewalls are observed to grow on top of a GaN/Si template patterned with nano-porous SiO{sub 2}. With a length-to-thickness ratio ?200, the GaN wires are well aligned along the three equivalent ? 112{sup �}0 ? directions. Micro-Raman measurements indicate negligible stress and a low defect density inside the wires. Stacking faults were found to be the only defect type in the GaN wire by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The GaN wires exhibited high conductivity, and the resistivity was 20�30 m? cm, regardless of the wire thickness. With proper heterostructure and doping design, these highly aligned GaN wires are promising for photonic and electronic applications monolithically integrated on silicon.
Ionisation losses and wire scanner heating evaluation, possible solutions, application to the LHC
Fischer, C
Harmful heating mechanisms, resulting in wire breakage, limit the utilisation of wire scanner monitors to below a given beam intensity. This threshold depends on the accelerator design parameters. In lepton colliders, the short beam bunches generate strong wake-fields inside the vacuum pipe which are sensed by the wire and are the predominant current limit. These effects can be minimised by a smooth design of the monitor cross section and by choosing a wire made of an insulating material [1]. A second source of energy deposition inside the wire, also present in hadron machines, and even when the wire material is insulating, results from collision and ionisation of the wire material atoms by the incident beam particles. Calculations are presented to evaluate the efficiency of this process and a possible solution is suggested which may reduce this limitation. An example is given for the case of the LHC.
El fenmeno pro-drop en portugus de Brasil y espaol peninsular Resumen: espaol y portugus son lenguas pro-drop. No obstante, diversos estudios indican que el
El fenómeno pro-drop en portugués de Brasil y español peninsular Resumen: español y portugués son portugués de Brasil una lengua parcialmente pro-drop. En este trabajo se analiza el fenómeno pro-drop en portugués de Brasil a través de una comparación con el español peninsular, utilizando para ello corpus
DropBot: An open-source digital microfluidic control system with precise control of electrostatic driving force and instantaneous drop velocity measurement
Fobel, Ryan [Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9 (Canada) [Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9 (Canada); Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1 (Canada); Fobel, Christian [School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Canada)] [School of Computer Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Canada); Wheeler, Aaron R. [Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9 (Canada) [Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9 (Canada); Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1 (Canada); Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 (Canada)
We introduce DropBot: an open-source instrument for digital microfluidics (http://microfluidics.utoronto.ca/dropbot). DropBot features two key functionalities for digital microfluidics: (1) real-time monitoring of instantaneous drop velocity (which we propose is a proxy for resistive forces), and (2) application of constant electrostatic driving forces through compensation for amplifier-loading and device capacitance. We anticipate that this system will enhance insight into failure modes and lead to new strategies for improved device reliability, and will be useful for the growing number of users who are adopting digital microfluidics for automated, miniaturized laboratory operation.
Fluid characterisation and drop impact in inkjet printing for organic semiconductor devices
Jung, Sungjune
process. The switching speed of a circuit relies on mobility and the ratio between channel length and channel width of the transistor. Commercial DoD inkjet printers can produce drops with a volume of some picoliters which correspond to a drop diameter... , and of my new-born baby Jisu. I love you both so much. iii List of symbols (Roman) A Area c Polymer concentration c* Critical concentration Ca Capillary number D Drop diameter Do Drop diameter at impact Dj Jet diameter...
Dynamics of a drop trapped inside a horizontal circular hydraulic jump
Duchesne, Alexis; Lebon, Luc; Pirat, Christophe; Limat, Laurent
A drop of moderate size deposited inside a horizontal circular hydraulic jump of the same liquid remains trapped at the shock front and does not coalesce. In this situation the drop is moving along the jump and one observes two different motions: a periodic one (it orbitates at constant speed) and an irregular one involving reversals of the orbital motion. Modeling the drop as a rigid sphere exchanging friction with liquid across a thin film of air, we recover the orbital motion and the internal rotation of the drop. This internal rotation is experimentally observed.
Orbits and reversals of a drop rolling inside a horizontal circular hydraulic jump
Alexis Duchesne; Cl�ment Savaro; Luc Lebon; Christophe Pirat; Laurent Limat
We explore the complex dynamics of a non-coalescing drop of moderate size inside a circular hydraulic jump of the same liquid formed on a horizontal disk. In this situation the drop is moving along the jump and one observes two different motions: a periodic one (it orbitates at constant speed) and an irregular one involving reversals of the orbital motion. Modeling the drop as a rigid sphere exchanging friction with liquid across a thin film of air, we recover the orbital motion and the internal rotation of the drop. This internal rotation is experimentally observed.
Liu, Yun [ORNL; Aleksandrov, Alexander V [ORNL; Huang, Chunning [ORNL; Long, Cary D [ORNL; Dickson, Richard W [ORNL
We report on the world s first experiment of a parallel profile scan of the hydrogen ion (H-) beam using a laser wire system. The system was developed at the superconducting linac of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator complex. The laser wire profile scanner is based on a photo-detachment process and therefore can be conducted on an operational H- beam in a nonintrusive manner. The parallel profile scanning system makes it possible to simultaneously measure profiles of the 1-MW neutron production H- beam at 9 different locations of the linac by using a single light source. This paper describes the design, optical system and software platform development, and measurement results of the parallel profile scanning system.
Measurements of proportional scintillation in liquid xenon using thin wires
Aprile, E; Goetzke, L W; Fernandez, A J Melgarejo; Messina, M; Naganoma, J; Plante, G; Rizzo, A; Shagin, P; Wall, R
Proportional scintillation in liquid xenon has a promising application in the field of direct dark matter detection, potentially allowing for simpler, more sensitive detectors. However, knowledge of the basic properties of the phenomenon as well as guidelines for its practical use are currently limited. We report here on measurements of proportional scintillation light emitted in liquid xenon around thin wires. The maximum proportional scintillation gain of $287^{+97}_{-75}$ photons per drift electron was obtained using 10 $\\mu$m diameter gold plated tungsten wire. The thresholds for electron multiplication and proportional scintillation are measured as $725^{+48}_{-139}$ and $412^{+10}_{-133}$ kV/cm, respectively. The threshold for proportional scintillation is in good agreement with a previously published result, while the electron multiplication threshold represents a novel measurement. A complete set of parameters for the practical use of the electron multiplication and proportional scintillation processe...
A-15 Superconducting composite wires and a method for making
Suenaga, Masaki (Bellport, NY); Klamut, Carl J. (East Patchogue, NY); Luhman, Thomas S. (Westhampton Beach, NY)
A method for fabricating superconducting wires wherein a billet of copper containing filaments of niobium or vanadium is rolled to form a strip which is wrapped about a tin-alloy core to form a composite. The alloy is a tin-copper alloy for niobium filaments and a gallium-copper alloy for vanadium filaments. The composite is then drawn down to a desired wire size and heat treated. During the heat treatment process, the tin in the bronze reacts with the niobium to form the superconductor niobium tin. In the case where vanadium is used, the gallium in the gallium bronze reacts with the vanadium to form the superconductor vanadium gallium. This new process eliminates the costly annealing steps, external tin plating and drilling of bronze ingots required in a number of prior art processes.
Wrapping process for fabrication of A-15 superconducting composite wires
Suenaga, M.; Klamut, C.J.; Luhman, T.S.
A method for fabricating superconducting wires wherein a billet of copper containing filaments of niobium or vanadium is rolled to form a strip which is wrapped about a tin-alloy core to form a composite. The alloy is a tin-copper alloy for niobium filaments and a gallium-copper alloy for vanadium filaments. The composite is then drawn down to a desired wire size and heat treated. During the heat treatment process, the tin in the bronze reacts with the niobium to form the superconductor niobium tin. In the case where vanadium is used, the gallium in the gallium bronze reacts with the vanadium to form the superconductor vanadium gallium. This new process eliminates the costly annealing steps, external tin plating and drilling of bronze ingots required in a number of prior art processes.
Narrow gap welding with the hot wire GTA process
Cook, G.E.; Levick, P.C.
Narrow gap welding offers the promise of dramatically improved weld completion rates and reduced heat input for welding of butt joints in materials of 10 mm (0.4 in.) section thickness and larger. Techniques for successful welding of narrow gap joint preparations have been discussed in the literature for approximately twenty years, with the majority of these based on the consumable electrode processes. Gas tungsten arc welding with cold wire filler addition has been shown to be capable of narrow gap welding although limited deposition rate capability has not made this a competitive alternative. The GTAW process offers the advantages of superior penetration control for one-sided welding of butt joints, as well as the potential for reducing incomplete fusion defects. The addition of hot wire filler metal to the gas tungsten arc provides an attractive alternative that combines high deposition rate capability and independent control of heat input.
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Introduction to ANL`s effort in HTSc wire development
Balachandran, U.; Crabtree, G.W.; Dorris, S.E.; Ellingson, W.A.; Goretta, K.C.; Gray, K.E.; Kupperman, D.S.; Kampwirth, R.T.; Lanagan, M.T.; Maroni, V.A. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States)] [and others
The objective of this work is to develop, in the shortest possible time, methods to fabricate and use reliable HTS conductors in commercial applications for generation, transmission, and storage of electrical energy. The multiyear, experimental program focuses on improvement of materials properties, development of fabrication methods, and design and testing of HTS components and systems, with emphasis placed on wire and coil production. Collaborations with industry and academia are integral to the effort.
Near net shape processing of continuous lengths of superconducting wire
Danyluk, S.; McNallan, M.; Troendly, R.; Poeppel, R.; Goretta, K.; Lanagan, M.
A system and method for mechanically forming a ceramic superconductor product are disclosed. A system for making the ceramic superconductor includes a metallic channel portion having a cross section for receiving a ceramic superconductor powder, a roll to mechanically reduce the channel cross section and included superconductor powder and a cap portion welded to the channel portion using a localized high energy source. The assembled bar is then mechanically reduced to form a tape or wire end product. 9 figs.
Near net shape processing of continuous lengths of superconducting wire
Danyluk, Steven (Atlanta, GA); McNallan, Michael (Oak Park, IL); Troendly, Robert (St. Charles, IL); Poeppel, Roger (Glen Ellyn, IL); Goretta, Kenneth (Downer Grove, IL); Lanagan, Michael (Woodridge, IL)
A system and method for mechanically forming a ceramic superconductor product. A system for making the ceramic superconductor includes a metallic channel portion having a cross section for receiving a ceramic superconductor powder, a roll to mechanically reduce the channel cross section and included superconductor powder and a cap portion welded to the channel portion using a localized high energy source. The assembled bar is then mechanically reduced to form a tape or wire end product.
Homogenous BSCCO-2212 Round Wires for Very High Field Magnets
Dr. Scott Campbell
The performance demands on modern particle accelerators generate a relentless push towards higher field magnets. In turn, advanced high field magnet development places increased demands on superconducting materials. Nb3Sn conductors have been used to achieve 16 T in a prototype dipole magnet and are thought to have the capability for {approx}18 T for accelerator magnets (primarily dipoles but also higher order multipole magnets). However there have been suggestions and proposals for such magnets higher than 20 T. The High Energy Physics Community (HEP) has identified important new physics opportunities that are enabled by extremely high field magnets: 20 to 50 T solenoids for muon cooling in a muon collider (impact: understanding of neutrinos and dark matter); and 20+ T dipoles and quadrupoles for high energy hadron colliders (impact: discovery reach far beyond present). This proposal addresses the latest SBIR solicitation that calls for grant applications that seek to develop new or improved superconducting wire technologies for magnets that operate at a minimum of 12 Tesla (T) field, with increases up to 15 to 20 T sought in the near future (three to five years). The long-term development of accelerator magnets with fields greater than 20 T will require superconducting wires having significantly better high-field properties than those possessed by current Nb{sub 3}Sn or other A15 based wires. Given the existing materials science base for Bi-2212 wire processing, we believe that Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub y} (Bi-2212) round wires can be produced in km-long piece lengths with properties suitable to meet both the near term and long term needs of the HEP community. The key advance will be the translation of this materials science base into a robust, high-yield wire technology. While the processing and application of A15 materials have advanced to a much higher level than those of the copper oxide-based, high T{sub c} (HTS) counterparts, the HTS materials have the very significant advantage of an extremely high H{sub c2}. For this reason, Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub y} (Bi-2212, or 2212) in the form of a multifilamentary Ag alloy matrix composite is beginning to attract the interest of the magnet community for future extremely high-field magnets or magnet-insert coils for 4.2K operation. Fig. 1 shows an example of excellent JE (engineering current density) in Bi-2212 round wire at fields up to 45 T, demonstrating the potential for high field applications of this material. For comparison, the Nb{sub 3}Sn wires used in magnets in the 16-18 T range typically perform with J{sub E} in the range 200-500 A/mm{sup 2}; the Bi-2212 wire retains this level of performance to fields at least as high as 45 T, and probably significantly higher. Bi-2212 conductors have in fact been used to generate a 25 T field in a superconducting insert magnet. These two factors- the very high field critical current performance of Bi-2212, and the already demonstrated capability of this material for high field magnets up to 25 T, strongly suggest this material as a leading contender for the next generation high field superconducting (HFS) wire. This potential was recognized by the US Academy of Science's Committee on Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Their report of the same name specifically calls out the high field potential for this material, and suggests that 30 T magnets appear feasible based on the performance of 2212. There are several requirements for HFS conductors. The most obvious is J{sub E} (B, T), the engineering current density at the field and temperature of operation. As shown in Fig. 1, Bi-2212 excels in this regard. Stability requirements for magnets dictate that the effective filament diameter should be less than 30 micrometers, something that Bi-2212 multifilamentary wire can uniquely satisfy among the HFS superconducting wire technologies. Additional requirements include mechanical properties that prevent stress limitation of J{sub E} at the operating conditions, resistive transition index (n-value) suffic
Low-Cost Superconducting Wire for Wind Generators: High Performance, Low Cost Superconducting Wires and Coils for High Power Wind Generators
REACT Project: The University of Houston will develop a low-cost, high-current superconducting wire that could be used in high-power wind generators. Superconducting wire currently transports 600 times more electric current than a similarly sized copper wire, but is significantly more expensive. The University of Houston�s innovation is based on engineering nanoscale defects in the superconducting film. This could quadruple the current relative to today�s superconducting wires, supporting the same amount of current using 25% of the material. This would make wind generators lighter, more powerful and more efficient. The design could result in a several-fold reduction in wire costs and enable their commercial viability of high-power wind generators for use in offshore applications.
Proposal for the award of a service contract covering the supply, installation and testing of optical fibre cabling systems on the CERN site
Proposal for the award of a service contract covering the supply, installation and testing of optical fibre cabling systems on the CERN site
Proposal to negotiate an amendment to a blanket purchase contract for the supply and installation of water-cooled bus bars and cables for the LHC
Proposal to negotiate an amendment to a blanket purchase contract for the supply and installation of water-cooled bus bars and cables for the LHC
Trigger LVL1 "Tower Builder" Add: Cables transmission of fast pulses for: The level 1 calorimeter-trigger in ATLAS (sent on 24-01-1995)
Pascual, J
Trigger LVL1 "Tower Builder" Add: Cables transmission of fast pulses for: The level 1 calorimeter-trigger in ATLAS (sent on 24-01-1995)
Proton radioactivity within a generalized liquid drop model
J. M. Dong; H. F. Zhang; G. Royer
The proton radioactivity half-lives of spherical proton emitters are investigated theoretically. The potential barriers preventing the emission of protons are determined in the quasimolecular shape path within a generalized liquid drop model (GLDM) including the proximity effects between nuclei in a neck and the mass and charge asymmetry. The penetrability is calculated with the WKB approximation. The spectroscopic factor has been taken into account in half-life calculation, which is obtained by employing the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory combined with the BCS method with the force NL3. The half-lives within the GLDM are compared with the experimental data and other theoretical values. The GLDM works quite well for spherical proton emitters when the spectroscopic factors are considered, indicating the necessity of introducing the spectroscopic factor and the success of the GLDM for proton emission. Finally, we present two formulas for proton emission half-life calculation similar to the Viola-Seaborg formulas and Royer's formulas of alpha decay.
Drop breakup in the flow through fixed fiber beds: An experimental and computational investigation
Shaqfeh, Eric
Drop breakup in the flow through fixed fiber beds: An experimental and computational investigation; accepted 11 January 2003; published 2 April 2003 Dilute fixed fiber beds provide a model system. DOI: 10.1063/1.1557051 I. INTRODUCTION As drops are carried by a suspending fluid through a fixed bed
Drop breakup in the flow through fixed beds via stochastic simulation in model Gaussian fields
Shaqfeh, Eric
Drop breakup in the flow through fixed beds via stochastic simulation in model Gaussian fields that the flow through a dilute disordered fixed bed of fibers produces large polymer conformation change beyond on the shape and breakup of viscous drops. Because the flow through a dilute fixed bed is equivalent
Joseph, Daniel D.
1 ADSORPTION OF INTAN-100 AT THE BITUMEN/AQUEOUS SOLUTION INTERFACE STUDIED BY SPINNING DROP an experimental study on the adsorption behaviour of Intan-100, a non- ionic surfactant, at the bitumen Spinning Drop Tensiometer, bitumen, heavy water, Intan-100, Gibbs adsorption isotherm. #12;2 Introduction
Rate Shaping by Block Dropping for Transmission of MPEGprecoded Video over Channels of Dynamic Bandwidth
Zeng, Wenjun "Kevin"
) and much better visual quality than conventional ap proaches. We also show that by jointly dropping blocksRate Shaping by Block Dropping for Transmission of MPEGprecoded Video over Channels of Dynamic of the compressed video in cases that the network capacity is reduced. This pa per proposes a novel block
Measurement of Dynamical Forces between Deformable Drops Using the Atomic Force Microscope. I. Theory
Chan, Derek Y C
effects of electrical double layer repulsion between oil drops charged by adsorbed surfactant mainly to hydrodynamic lubrication forces. 1. Introduction The atomic force microscope (AFM) has long, such as the interaction between rigid probe particles and oil drops1-4 or between a particle and a bubble.5
Spreading of Viscous Fluid Drops on a Solid Substrate Assisted by Thermal Fluctuations Benny Davidovitch,1
Moro, Esteban
on a solid substrate, taking into account the effects of thermal fluctuations in the fluid momentum. A nonlinear stochastic lubrication equation is derived and studied using numerical simulations and scaling, 68.08.Bc, 68.15.+e Water drops spreading on a table and oil drops lubricat- ing a pan are two common
Rahmeyer, William J.
CAVITATION Butterfly valves are commonly used as control valves in applications where the pressure drops and the use of a butterfly valve for flashing or choking cavitation service. Free discharge typically produces high pipe velocities at moderate pressure drops, and choking cavitation typically produces high
Impact of job dropping on the schedulability of uniprocessor probabilistic real-time systems
Paris-Sud XI, Universit� de
Impact of job dropping on the schedulability of uniprocessor probabilistic real-time systems. For these systems the tasks have an associated probability of missing the deadline, i.e., some jobs may miss their deadlines without affecting the schedula- bility of the system. Therefore dropping these jobs does
Buoyancy-driven motion and breakup of viscous drops in constricted capillaries
Muradoglu, Metin
and breakup of deformable drops and bubbles through constant and variable cross-section capillaries applications, the individual pores or channels are tortuous with rapid changes in the local cross- sectional drops and gas bubbles through a vertical capillary with periodic constrictions in order to examine
Scaling law in liquid drop coalescence driven by surface tension Mingming Wua)
Cubaud, Thomas
Scaling law in liquid drop coalescence driven by surface tension Mingming Wua) Department experimental results on the coalescence of two liquid drops driven by surface tension. Using a high speed that such scaling law is robust when using fluids of different viscosities and surface tensions. The prefactor
Dalziel, Stuart
then transports it away. To assess the impact of the drop on the velocity of the cleaning fluid, we have developed it is perturbed by a solid obstacle representing a very viscous drop. We find that at intermediate Reynolds number as in our daily life (Yeckel and Middleman, 1987), such as in a household dishwasher. In a full dishwasher
Radial electric field 3D modeling for wire arrays driving dynamic hohlraums on Z.
Mock, Raymond Cecil
The anode-cathode structure of the Z-machine wire array results in a higher negative radial electric field (Er) on the wires near the cathode relative to the anode. The magnitude of this field has been shown to anti-correlate with the axial radiation top/bottom symmetry in the DH (Dynamic Hohlraum). Using 3D modeling, the structure of this field is revealed for different wire-array configurations and for progressive mechanical alterations, providing insight for minimizing the negative Er on the wire array in the anode-to-cathode region of the DH. Also, the 3D model is compared to Sasorov's approximation, which describes Er at the surface of the wire in terms of wire-array parameters.
Studies of IBL wire bonds operation in a ATLAS-like magnetic field.
Alvarez Feito, D; Mandelli, B
At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments, most of silicon detectors use wire bonds to connect front-end chips and sensors to circuit boards for the data and service trans- missions. These wire bonds are operated in strong magnetic field environments and if time varying currents pass through them with frequencies close to their mechanical resonance frequency, strong resonant oscillations may occur. Under certain conditions, this effect can lead to fatigue stress and eventually breakage of wire bonds. During the first LHC Long Shutdown, the ATLAS Pixel Detector has been upgraded with the addition of a fourth innermost layer, the Insertable B-Layer (IBL), which has more than 50000 wire bonds operated in the ATLAS 2 T magnetic field. The results of systematic studies of operating wire bonds under IBL-like conditions are presented. Two different solutions have been investigated to minimize the oscillation amplitude of wire bonds.
Parallel-wire grid assembly with method and apparatus for construction thereof
Lewandowski, Edward F. (Westmont, IL); Vrabec, John (South Holland, IL)
Disclosed is a parallel wire grid and an apparatus and method for making the same. The grid consists of a generally coplanar array of parallel spaced-apart wires secured between metallic frame members by an electrically conductive epoxy. The method consists of continuously winding a wire about a novel winding apparatus comprising a plurality of spaced-apart generally parallel spindles. Each spindle is threaded with a number of predeterminedly spaced-apart grooves which receive and accurately position the wire at predetermined positions along the spindle. Overlying frame members coated with electrically conductive epoxy are then placed on either side of the wire array and are drawn together. After the epoxy hardens, portions of the wire array lying outside the frame members are trimmed away.
Impurities in extruded cables: A proton-induced x-ray emission diagnostic study
Crine, J.P.; Hinrichsen, P.F.; Houdayer, A. (Institut de Recherche d'Hydro-Quebec, Varennes, PQ (Canada))
The impurity contents and distributions in electrical trees grown in various field-aged XLPE distribution cables were measured by micro-Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). The objectives pursued in this preliminary study were the following. Determination of any possible correlation between electrical tree initiation and the nature of some specific impurities. Evaluation of micro-PIXE as a reliable analytical technique to measure impurities in localized defects, such as small trees. For that purpose we used the micro-PIXE facility of the Laboratoire de Physique Nucleaire at University of Montreal where proton beams of {approx}20 microns can be focused on small samples. From the emitted x-rays, it is possible to determine the nature and content of most impurities (whose content is above {approx}1 ppM). Cable samples with electrical trees grown either from insulation shield or from water trees were analyzed. A few field-aged cable samples containing breakdown channels of various sizes were also analyzed. The aim here was to determine whether impurities could still be detected after breakdown. The observations made can be summarized as follows: the electrical trees studied were heavily contaminated by a wide variety of impurities; electrical trees contain the same impurities as the connecting water trees and the amounts are about the same in both types of trees; provided that the energy released during breakdown is not too high, that is as long as breakdown channels remain small; the minimum level of contamination leading to tree growth is difficult to ascertain; no clear correlation can be established between the nature of impurities and electrical tree initiation; it cannot be determined whether contamination leads to tree initiation or whether contamination follows tree growth; and micro-PIXE is well suited to study impurities in electrical (and water) trees. 20 refs., 18 figs., 8 tabs.
Characterization of underground cable incipient failures from on-line monitoring of underground distribution power systems
Cardoso, Jesus
Study. . Results &om TAMU Experiments. 4. 4, 1 Abnormal Activity in the Four Phase and Neutral Currents 4. 4. 2 Abnormal Activity in the Notch and Highpass Filtered Current. . . . 4, 4. 3 Abnormal Activity in the Notch Filtered Current.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. 4. 4 Analysis of Cables Tested More Than Once 40 47 47 48 48 49 4. 5. 1 Example of Activity in TU Electric Data. 4. 5. 2 Abnormal Activity in Both the Notch Filtered and Notch and Highpass Filtered Data 4. 5. 3 Abnormal Activity...
Experimental Investigation of the Fresnel Drag Effect in RF Coaxial Cables
Reginald T Cahill; David Brotherton
An experiment that confirms the Fresnel drag formalism in RF coaxial cables is reported. The Fresnel `drag' in bulk dielectrics and in optical fibers has previously been well established. An explanation for this formalism is given, and it is shown that there is no actual drag phenomenon, rather that the Fresnel drag effect is merely the consequence of a simplified description of EM scattering within a dielectric in motion wrt the dynamical 3-space. The Fresnel drag effect plays a critical role in the design of various light-speed anisotropy detectors.
O.A.R. 734-055 - Pole Lines, Buried Cables, Pipe lines, Signs, Misc.
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Current shunting and formation of stationary shock waves during electric explosions of metal wires in air
Ivanenkov, G. V.; Gus'kov, S. Yu.; Barishpol'tsev, D. V. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Lebedev Physical Institute (Russian Federation)
Results of experiments on the generation of shock waves during electric explosions of fine copper and tungsten wires in air are analyzed. The generation mechanism of stationary shock wave by a plasma piston formed during the shunting breakdown of the electrode gap in the course of a wire explosion is investigated. The role of structural elements of such discharges, such as the core, corona, and wire environment, is analyzed.
Study of plasma dynamics affected by a global magnetic field in linear wire array Z pinches
Hu Min; Kusse, Bruce R. [Laboratory of Plasma Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (United States)
In the experiments described in this paper a linear wire array composed of several wires (e.g., four wires) was viewed as a small portion of a large cylindrical array. Comparing to cylindrical arrays, linear wire arrays have relatively simple geometry and therefore are much easier to diagnose. To simulate the global magnetic field present in a cylindrical array, a return current conductor was positioned near the linear wire array. A global magnetic field in the tens of Tesla was produced by the return current in the vicinity of the linear array. The plasma dynamics affected by the global magnetic field was studied using shearing interferometry and x-ray backlighting techniques. Experimental results on tungsten wire arrays (four wires, 1.4 cm long, 12.7 {mu}m diameter, 1 mm interwire gaps) are discussed. Current transfer from wire cores to the surrounding corona plasmas appeared to happen at around 10 ns relative to the start of the current pulse. After that, some of the wire plasma was swept away from the wire cores by the JxB force and formed a localized, high-density peak (precursor plasma). The motion of the precursor plasma was observed to accelerate for about 20 ns, indicating that current was present inside the precursor plasma during this time range. Using an x-ray backlighter and a laser interferometer, the resumption of wire core expansion, major mass ablation, and the termination of precursor plasma acceleration were observed to occur at 32-34 ns. These effects can be interpreted as evidence of the transfer of the current back to the wire cores from the precursor plasma.
Nano-/micro metallic wire synthesis on Si substrate and their characterization
Kaur, Jaskiran, E-mail: email@example.com; Kaur, Harmanmeet, E-mail: email@example.com; Singh, Surinder, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005 (India); Kanjilal, Dinakar [Inter-University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi-110067 (India); Chakarvarti, Shiv Kumar [Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad-121003 (India)
Nano-/micro wires of copper are grown on semiconducting Si substrate using the template method. It involves the irradiation of 8 um thick polymeric layer coated on Si with150 MeV Ni ion beam at a fluence of 2E8. Later, by using the simple technique of electrodeposition, copper nano-/micro wires were grown via template synthesis. Synthesized wires were morphologically characterized using SEM and electrical characterization was carried out by finding I-V plot.
Advances in the development of wire mesh reactor for coal gasification studies - article no. 084102
Zeng, C.; Chen, L.; Liu, G.; Li, W.H.; Huang, B.M.; Zhu, H.D.; Zhang, B.; Zamansky, V. [GE Global Research Shanghai, Shanghai (China)
In an effort to further understand the coal gasification behavior in entrained-flow gasifiers, a high pressure and high temperature wire mesh reactor with new features was recently built. An advanced LABVIEW-based temperature measurement and control system were adapted. Molybdenum wire mesh with aperture smaller than 70 {mu} m and type D thermocouple were used to enable high carbon conversion ({gt}90%) at temperatures {gt}1000 {sup o}C. Gaseous species from wire mesh reactor were quantified using a high sensitivity gas chromatography. The material balance of coal pyrolysis in wire mesh reactor was demonstrated for the first time by improving the volatile's quantification techniques.
Fire Together --Wire Together --Come Together Cornelius Weber and Jochen Triesch
Weber, Cornelius
Fire Together -- Wire Together -- Come Together Cornelius Weber and Jochen Triesch Frankfurt mary Visual Cortex. C. Weber Proc. ICANN 114752, 2001. #12;
Wire-shaped semiconductor light-emitting diodes for general-purpose lighting
Mauk, Michael G.
The object of this work is to develop and optimize a new type of light-emitting diode (LED) with a wire-shaped, cylindrical geometry.
Health Monitoring of Drive Connected Three-Phase Induction Motors ----- From Wired Towards Wireless Sensor Networks
Xue, Xin
A Statistical Evaluation," in Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hocmotor. Wireless sensor spectrum Evaluation board spectruminside Wired sensor outside Evaluation board outside (b)
Risk of damaging the wires by edges of laser drilled holes in the end plugs
Staude, A; Trefzger, T M
No sign of damage to the wire by edges of the laser drilled hole has been seen, based on a sample of four end plugs.
Synthesis of Superconducting MgB2 Wire, Tapes and Films - Energy...
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Electricity Transmission Find More Like This Return to Search Synthesis of Superconducting MgB2 Wire, Tapes and Films Ames Laboratory Contact AMES About This Technology...
Formulation of Molding Materials From Recycled Printed Wiring Boards
Lula, J.W.; Bohnert, G.W.
The objective of this project was to formulate the pulverized electronic waste (PEW) stream derived from grinding obsolete electronic assemblies and combine this material with thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers into useful, high-value commercial products materials. PEW consists primarily of various thermoset plastic materials and glass fibers from the printed wiring boards, along with ceramic pieces from chip carriers and other electronic components. Typically, the thermosetting materials have the same desirable properties as in the original electronic assembly, including relatively high temperature resistance, excellent chemical resistance, and flame retardancy. These properties combine to make PEW an inherently good inert filler material for plastic composites.
SpaceWire model development technology for satellite architecture.
Eldridge, John M.; Leemaster, Jacob Edward; Van Leeuwen, Brian P.
Packet switched data communications networks that use distributed processing architectures have the potential to simplify the design and development of new, increasingly more sophisticated satellite payloads. In addition, the use of reconfigurable logic may reduce the amount of redundant hardware required in space-based applications without sacrificing reliability. These concepts were studied using software modeling and simulation, and the results are presented in this report. Models of the commercially available, packet switched data interconnect SpaceWire protocol were developed and used to create network simulations of data networks containing reconfigurable logic with traffic flows for timing system distribution.
HTS wire irradiation test with 8 GeV protons
S. Feher; H. Glass; Y. Huang; P.J. Limon; D.F. Orris; P. Schlabach; M.A. Tartaglia; J.C. Tompkins
The radiation level at High Energy Particle Accelerators (HEPA) is relatively high. Any active component which should be close to the accelerator has to be radiation hard. Since High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) have a great potential to be used in HEPAs (e.g., in superconducting magnets, current leads, RF cavities), it is important to understand the radiation hardness of these materials. A radiation test of HTS wire (Bi-2223) was performed at Fermilab. The HTS sample was irradiated with 8 GeV protons and the relative I{sub c} was measured during the irradiation. The total radiation dose was 10 Mrad, and no I{sub c} degradation was observed.
Testing the 2-element 4-wire delta watthour meter�
Grasshoff, Lynn Howard
& and other material& and for affording valuable suggestions for the prepaxation of this thesis. Appreciation is also exnxressed to M! . R. H. Mighell and Mr. H. E. Trekell of the General Electric Company fax supplying a ~ire delta meter and various... four wire delta system is used to supply polyphase and single phase loads from a bank of delta-oonneeted transformers. The squit is illustrated in Pigure L, Polyphase loads are supplied in the usual manner from the three lines a b-o, and single phase...
Effects of guy wires on SWECS tower dynamics. Technical report
Butterfield, C P; Pykkonen, K R; Sexton, J H
The Rocky Flats (RF) Supporting Research and Technology (SRT) study for tower testing/analysis has led to some useful information concerning the effect of tower guy pretension on small wind system tower dynamics. The effect of guy-wire pretension on tower natural frequencies is usually considered negligible if the guy: (1) has no sag caused by gravity, and (2) the tension is not approaching the tower buckling load. At the rf test center it was found that, for the test tower even when these conditions were avoided, the guy fundamental frequency must be 30% greater than the tower fundamental frequency to maintain the fundamental's characteristics.
Surface spin flip probability of mesoscopic Ag wires.
Mihajlovic, G.; Pearson, J. E.; Bader, S. D.; Hoffmann, A.
Spin relaxation in mesoscopic Ag wires in the diffusive transport regime is studied via nonlocal spin valve and Hanle effect measurements performed on Permalloy/Ag lateral spin valves. The ratio between momentum and spin relaxation times is not constant at low temperatures. This can be explained with the Elliott-Yafet spin relaxation mechanism by considering the momentum surface relaxation time as being temperature dependent. We present a model to separately determine spin flip probabilities for phonon, impurity and surface scattering and find that the spin flip probability is highest for surface scattering.
Thermoelectric performance of various benzo-difuran wires
P�terfalvi, Csaba G.; Grace, Iain; Manrique, D�vid Zs.; Lambert, Colin J., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB (United Kingdom)
Using a first principles approach to electron transport, we calculate the electrical and thermoelectrical transport properties of a series of molecular wires containing benzo-difuran subunits. We demonstrate that the side groups introduce Fano resonances, the energy of which is changing with the electronegativity of selected atoms in it. We also study the relative effect of single, double, or triple bonds along the molecular backbone and find that single bonds yield the highest thermopower, approximately 22�?V/K at room temperature, which is comparable with the highest measured values for single-molecule thermopower reported to date.
Yasunaga Wire Saw Systems Co Ltd | Open Energy Information
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Vacancy-Induced Nanoscale Wire Structure in Gallium Selenide Layers
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AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level:Energy: Grid Integration Redefining What'sis Taking Over OurThe Iron SpinPrincetonUsing Maps to Predict4VacancyVacancy-Induced Nanoscale Wire
Electrohydrodynamic migration of a spherical drop in a general quadratic flow
Mandal, Shubhadeep; Chakraborty, Suman
We investigate the motion of a spherical drop in a general quadratic flow acted upon by an arbitrarily oriented externally applied uniform electric field. The drop and media are considered to be leaky dielectrics. The flow field affects the distribution of charges on the drop surface, which leads to alteration in the electric field, thereby affecting the velocity field through the Maxwell stress on the fluid-fluid interface. The two-way coupled electrohydrodynamics is central towards dictating the motion of the drop in the flow field. We analytically address the electric potential distribution and Stokesian flow field in and around the drop in a general quadratic flow for small electric Reynolds number (which is the ratio of the charge relaxation time scale to the convective time scale). As a special case, we consider a drop in an unbounded cylindrical Poiseuille flow and show that, an otherwise absent, cross-stream drop migration may be obtained in the presence of a uniform electric field. Depending on the d...
Measurement of low radioactivity background in a high voltage cable by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Vacri, M. L. di; Nisi, S.; Balata, M. [Gran Sasso National Laboratory, Chemistry Service, SS 17bis km 18.910, 67100 Assergi (Aq) (Italy)] [Gran Sasso National Laboratory, Chemistry Service, SS 17bis km 18.910, 67100 Assergi (Aq) (Italy)
The measurement of naturally occurring low level radioactivity background in a high voltage (HV) cable by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR ICP MS) is presented in this work. The measurements were performed at the Chemistry Service of the Gran Sasso National Laboratory. The contributions to the radioactive background coming from the different components of the heterogeneous material were separated. Based on the mass fraction of the cable, the whole contamination was calculated. The HR ICP MS results were cross-checked by gamma ray spectroscopy analysis that was performed at the low background facility STELLA (Sub Terranean Low Level Assay) of the LNGS underground lab using HPGe detectors.
A comparison between the ANSI/IEEE and the CENELEC/IEC approach to overload protection of insulated power cables
Parise, G.; Rubino, G. [Univ. of Rome La Sapienza (Italy). Electrical Engineering Dept.
The same basic principles, on which the methods of power cables protection against overloads are based, are summed up by different criteria and formulations within ANSI/IEEE and CENELEC/IEC publications. The studies carried out by the technical committees of these organizations have been examined and compared in order to point out not only their differences but also their complementary aspects. By arranging the two approaches, it has been possible to outline a third way to determine the admissible duration of overload currents and define intermediate criteria for the emergency ratings of cables and for the coordination of protective devices.
Preliminary photovoltaic arc-fault prognostic tests using sacrificial fiber optic cabling.
Johnson, Jay; Blemel, Kenneth D. [Sentient Business Systems, Inc., Albuquerque, NM; Peter, Francis [Sentient Business Systems, Inc., Albuquerque, NM
Through the New Mexico Small Business Assistance Program, Sandia National Laboratories worked with Sentient Business Systems, Inc. to develop and test a novel photovoltaic (PV) arc-fault detection system. The system operates by pairing translucent polymeric fiber optic sensors with electrical circuitry so that any external abrasion to the system or internal heating causes the fiber optic connection to fail or detectably degrade. A periodic pulse of light is sent through the optical path using a transmitter-receiver pair. If the receiver does not detect the pulse, an alarm is sounded and the PV system can be de-energized. This technology has the unique ability to prognostically determine impending failures to the electrical system in two ways: (a) the optical connection is severed prior to physical abrasion or cutting of PV DC electrical conductors, and (b) the polymeric fiber optic cable melts via Joule heating before an arc-fault is established through corrosion. Three arc-faults were created in different configurations found in PV systems with the integrated fiber optic system to determine the feasibility of the technology. In each case, the fiber optic cable was broken and the system annunciated the fault.
FEMCAM Analysis of SULTAN Test Results for ITER Nb3SN Cable-conduit Conductors
Yuhu Zhai, Pierluigi Bruzzone, Ciro Calzolaio
Performance degradation due to filament fracture of Nb3 Sn cable-in-conduit conductors (CICCs) is a critical issue in large-scale magnet designs such as ITER which is currently being constructed in the South of France. The critical current observed in most SULTAN TF CICC samples is significantly lower than expected and the voltage-current characteristic is seen to have a much broader transition from a single strand to the CICC. Moreover, most conductors exhibit the irreversible degradation due to filament fracture and strain relaxation under electromagnetic cyclic loading. With recent success in monitoring thermal strain distribution and its evolution under the electromagnetic cyclic loading from in situ measurement of critical temperature, we apply FEMCAM which includes strand filament breakage and local current sharing effects to SULTAN tested CICCs to study Nb3 Sn strain sensitivity and irreversible performance degradation. FEMCAM combines the thermal bending effect during cool down and the EM bending effect due to locally accumulating Lorentz force during magnet operation. It also includes strand filament fracture and related local current sharing for the calculation of cable n value. In this paper, we model continuous performance degradation under EM cyclic loading based on strain relaxation and the transition broadening upon cyclic loading to the extreme cases seen in SULTAN test data to better quantify conductor performance degradation.
Multipoint Pressure and Temperature Sensing Fiber Optic Cable for Monitoring CO2 Sequestration
Challener, William
This report describes the work completed on contract DE-FE0010116. The goal of this two year project was to develop and demonstrate in the laboratory a highly accurate multi-point pressure measurement fiber optic cable based on MEMS pressure sensors suitable for downhole deployment in a CO2 sequestration well. The sensor interrogator was also to be demonstrated in a remote monitoring system and environmental testing was to be completed to indicate its downhole survivability over a lengthy period of time (e.g., 20 years). An interrogator system based on a pulsed laser excitation was shown to be capable of multiple (potentially 100+) simultaneous sensor measurements. Two sensors packages were completed and spliced in a cable onto the same fiber and measured. One sensor package was subsequently measured at high temperatures and pressures in supercritical CO2, while the other package was measured prior and after being subjected to high torque stresses to mimic downhole deployment. The environmental and stress tests indicated areas in which the package design should be further improved.
Dynamic simulation of 10 kW Brayton cryocooler for HTS cable
Chang, Ho-Myung; Park, Chan Woo [Hong Ik University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul, 121-791 (Korea, Republic of); Yang, Hyung Suk; Hwang, Si Dole [KEPCO Research Institute, Daejeon, 305-760 (Korea, Republic of)
Dynamic simulation of a Brayton cryocooler is presented as a partial effort of a Korean governmental project to develop 1?3 km HTS cable systems at transmission level in Jeju Island. Thermodynamic design of a 10 kW Brayton cryocooler was completed, and a prototype construction is underway with a basis of steady-state operation. This study is the next step to investigate the transient behavior of cryocooler for two purposes. The first is to simulate and design the cool-down process after scheduled or unscheduled stoppage. The second is to predict the transient behavior following the variation of external conditions such as cryogenic load or outdoor temperature. The detailed specifications of key components, including plate-fin heat exchangers and cryogenic turbo-expanders are incorporated into a commercial software (Aspen HYSYS) to estimate the temporal change of temperature and flow rate over the cryocooler. An initial cool-down scenario and some examples on daily variation of cryocooler are presented and discussed, aiming at stable control schemes of a long cable system.
Drop Traffic in Microfluidic Ladder Networks with Fore-Aft Structural Asymmetry
Jeevan Maddala; William S. Wang; Siva A. Vanapalli; Raghunathan Rengaswamy
We investigate the dynamics of pairs of drops in microfluidic ladder networks with slanted bypasses, which break the fore-aft structural symmetry. Our analytical results indicate that unlike symmetric ladder networks, structural asymmetry introduced by a single slanted bypass can be used to modulate the relative drop spacing, enabling them to contract, synchronize, expand, or even flip at the ladder exit. Our experiments confirm all these behaviors predicted by theory. Numerical analysis further shows that while ladder networks containing several identical bypasses are limited to nearly linear transformation of input delay between drops, mixed combination of bypasses can cause significant non-linear transformation enabling coding and decoding of input delays.
Proposed observations of gravity waves from the early Universe via "Millikan oil drops"
R. Y. Chiao
Pairs of Planck-mass drops of superfluid helium coated by electrons (i.e., ``Millikan oil drops''), when levitated in a superconducting magnetic trap, can be efficient quantum transducers between electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational (GR) radiation. This leads to the possibility of a Hertz-like experiment, in which EM waves are converted at the source into GR waves, and then back-converted at the receiver from GR waves back into EM waves. Detection of the gravity-wave analog of the cosmic microwave background using these drops can discriminate between various theories of the early Universe.
Measurements of control rod efficiency in RBMK critical assembly upon dropping of the rods
Zhitarev, V. E., E-mail: email@example.com; Kachanov, V. M.; Sergevnin, A. Yu.; Lebedev, G. V., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [National Research Center Kurchatov Institute (Russian Federation)
The efficiency of control rods in the RBMK critical assembly was measured in the case where one manual-control rod (MCR) is dropped from a steady critical state, and several other MCRs were additionally dropped after 44 s. The measured number of neutrons in the assembly during and after dropping of the rods was used to calculate the efficiency values of the rods by solution of the system of point kinetics equations. A series of methods of the initial data treatment for determination of the desired values of reactivity without the calculated corrections were used.
Discovery and Characterization of a Cell-Permeable, Small-Molecule c-Abl Kinase Activator that Binds to the Myristoyl Binding Site
Yang, Jingsong; Campobasso, Nino; Biju, Mangatt P.; Fisher, Kelly; Pan, Xiao-Qing; Cottom, Josh; Galbraith, Sarah; Ho, Thau; Zhang, Hong; Hong, Xuan; Ward, Paris; Hofmann, Glenn; Siegfried, Brett; Zappacosta, Francesca; Washio, Yoshiaki; Cao, Ping; Qu, Junya; Bertrand, Sophie; Wang, Da-Yuan; Head, Martha S.; Li, Hu; Moores, Sheri; Lai, Zhihong; Johanson, Kyung; Burton, George; Erickson-Miller, Connie; Simpson, Graham; Tummino, Peter; Copeland, Robert A.; Oliff, Allen (GSKPA)
c-Abl kinase activity is regulated by a unique mechanism involving the formation of an autoinhibited conformation in which the N-terminal myristoyl group binds intramolecularly to the myristoyl binding site on the kinase domain and induces the bending of the {alpha}I helix that creates a docking surface for the SH2 domain. Here, we report a small-molecule c-Abl activator, DPH, that displays potent enzymatic and cellular activity in stimulating c-Abl activation. Structural analyses indicate that DPH binds to the myristoyl binding site and prevents the formation of the bent conformation of the {alpha}I helix through steric hindrance, a mode of action distinct from the previously identified allosteric c-Abl inhibitor, GNF-2, that also binds to the myristoyl binding site. DPH represents the first cell-permeable, small-molecule tool compound for c-Abl activation.