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Distributed Generation Operational Reliability and Availability...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Reliability and Availability Database, Final Report, January 2004 Distributed Generation Operational Reliability and Availability Database, Final Report, January 2004 This final...
Reliability Assessment Incorporating Operational Considerations and Economic
PSERC Reliability Assessment Incorporating Operational Considerations and Economic Aspects Engineering Research Center Reliability Assessment Incorporating Operational Considerations and Economic and Economic Aspects for Large Interconnected Grids." We express our appreciation for the support provided
Reliability of dynamic systems under limited information.
Field, Richard V., Jr. (.,; .); Grigoriu, Mircea
A method is developed for reliability analysis of dynamic systems under limited information. The available information includes one or more samples of the system output; any known information on features of the output can be used if available. The method is based on the theory of non-Gaussian translation processes and is shown to be particularly suitable for problems of practical interest. For illustration, we apply the proposed method to a series of simple example problems and compare with results given by traditional statistical estimators in order to establish the accuracy of the method. It is demonstrated that the method delivers accurate results for the case of linear and nonlinear dynamic systems, and can be applied to analyze experimental data and/or mathematical model outputs. Two complex applications of direct interest to Sandia are also considered. First, we apply the proposed method to assess design reliability of a MEMS inertial switch. Second, we consider re-entry body (RB) component vibration response during normal re-entry, where the objective is to estimate the time-dependent probability of component failure. This last application is directly relevant to re-entry random vibration analysis at Sandia, and may provide insights on test-based and/or model-based qualification of weapon components for random vibration environments.
Sample sizes for confidence limits for reliability.
Darby, John L.
We recently performed an evaluation of the implications of a reduced stockpile of nuclear weapons for surveillance to support estimates of reliability. We found that one technique developed at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) under-estimates the required sample size for systems-level testing. For a large population the discrepancy is not important, but for a small population it is important. We found that another technique used by SNL provides the correct required sample size. For systems-level testing of nuclear weapons, samples are selected without replacement, and the hypergeometric probability distribution applies. Both of the SNL techniques focus on samples without defects from sampling without replacement. We generalized the second SNL technique to cases with defects in the sample. We created a computer program in Mathematica to automate the calculation of confidence for reliability. We also evaluated sampling with replacement where the binomial probability distribution applies.
Distributed Generation Operational Reliability, Executive Summary...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
2004 This report summarizes the results of the project, "Distributed Generation Market Transformation Tools: Distributed Generation Reliability and Availability Database,"...
Sandia National Laboratories: PV Reliability Operations Maintenance...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Maintenance database Sandia-Electric Power Research Institute Partnership Publishes Photovoltaic Reliability Report On January 21, 2014, in Energy, Facilities, Grid...
DOE limited standard: Operations assessments
Purpose of this standard is to provide DOE Field Element assessors with a guide for conducting operations assessments, and provide DOE Field Element managers with the criteria of the EM Operations Assessment Program. Sections 6.1 to 6.21 provide examples of how to assess specific areas; the general techniques of operations assessments (Section 5) may be applied to other areas of health and safety (e.g. fire protection, criticality safety, quality assurance, occupational safety, etc.).
Achieving High Reliability Operations Through Multi-Program Integration
Holly M. Ashley; Ronald K. Farris; Robert E. Richards
Over the last 20 years the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has adopted a number of operations and safety-related programs which has each periodically taken its turn in the limelight. As new programs have come along there has been natural competition for resources, focus and commitment. In the last few years, the INL has made real progress in integrating all these programs and are starting to realize important synergies. Contributing to this integration are both collaborative individuals and an emerging shared vision and goal of the INL fully maturing in its high reliability operations. This goal is so powerful because the concept of high reliability operations (and the resulting organizations) is a masterful amalgam and orchestrator of the best of all the participating programs (i.e. conduct of operations, behavior based safety, human performance, voluntary protection, quality assurance, and integrated safety management). This paper is a brief recounting of the lessons learned, thus far, at the INL in bringing previously competing programs into harmony under the goal (umbrella) of seeking to perform regularly as a high reliability organization. In addition to a brief diagram-illustrated historical review, the authors will share the INL's primary successes (things already effectively stopped or started) and the gaps yet to be bridged.
Gary D. Bourn; Jess W. Gingrich; Jack A. Smith
This document is the final report for the ''Advanced Compressor Engine Controls to Enhance Operation, Reliability, and Integrity'' project. SwRI conducted this project for DOE in conjunction with Cooper Compression, under DOE contract number DE-FC26-03NT41859. This report addresses an investigation of engine controls for integral compressor engines and the development of control strategies that implement closed-loop NOX emissions feedback.
Operation of an accelerator requires the efficient and reproducible execution of many different types of procedures. Some procedures, like beam acceleration, magnet quench recovery, and species switching can be quite complex. To improve accelerator reliability and efficiency, automated execution of procedures is required. Creation of a single robust sequencing application permits the streamlining of this process and offers many benefits in sequence creation, editing, and control. In this paper, we present key features of a sequencer application commissioned at the Collider-Accelerator Department of Brookhaven National Laboratory during the 2007 run. Included is a categorization of the different types of sequences in use, a discussion of the features considered desirable in a good sequencer, and a description of the tools created to aid in sequence construction and diagnosis. Finally, highlights from our operational experience are presented, with emphasis on Operations control of the sequencer, and the alignment of sequence construction with existing operational paradigms.
Reliability of Operation at SLAC in the LCLS Era
Wienands, U.; Allen, W.B.; Colocho, W.; Erickson, R.; Stanek, M.; /SLAC
LCLS hardware availability has been above 90% for the first two commissioning runs of the accelerator. In this paper we compare the reliability data for LCLS (availability, MTBF and MTTR) to those of PEP-II, the e{sup +}e{sup -} collider operating previously at SLAC. It may be seen that the linac availability is not significantly different now than it was before, while the availability of the whole LCLS facility is significantly higher than that of the PEP-II facility as a whole (which was about 87%). Most of the improvement is in the MTTR. Ways to improve availability towards the goal of 95% are discussed.
Automated Operating Procedures for Transfer Limits
conditions, and incomplete, as studies cannot analyze all combinations of equipment out a particular area. The required margins are generally mandated by the regional reliability organizations
APS Beamline Station Operational Limits Information Page
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Information Listed below are the conditions for a beamline to be accepting beam for CommissioningOperations. These conditions have been placed by the AOD ADD for Operations based...
A limited assessment of the ASEP human reliability analysis procedure using simulator examination results
Gore, B.R.; Dukelow, J.S. Jr.; Mitts, T.M.; Nicholson, W.L. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)
This report presents a limited assessment of the conservatism of the Accident Sequence Evaluation Program (ASEP) human reliability analysis (HRA) procedure described in NUREG/CR-4772. In particular, the, ASEP post-accident, post-diagnosis, nominal HRA procedure is assessed within the context of an individual`s performance of critical tasks on the simulator portion of requalification examinations administered to nuclear power plant operators. An assessment of the degree to which operator perforn:Lance during simulator examinations is an accurate reflection of operator performance during actual accident conditions was outside the scope of work for this project; therefore, no direct inference can be made from this report about such performance. The data for this study are derived from simulator examination reports from the NRC requalification examination cycle. A total of 4071 critical tasks were identified, of which 45 had been failed. The ASEP procedure was used to estimate human error probability (HEP) values for critical tasks, and the HEP results were compared with the failure rates observed in the examinations. The ASEP procedure was applied by PNL operator license examiners who supplemented the limited information in the examination reports with expert judgment based upon their extensive simulator examination experience. ASEP analyses were performed for a sample of 162 critical tasks selected randomly from the 4071, and the results were used to characterize the entire population. ASEP analyses were also performed for all of the 45 failed critical tasks. Two tests were performed to assess the bias of the ASEP HEPs compared with the data from the requalification examinations. The first compared the average of the ASEP HEP values with the fraction of the population actually failed and it found a statistically significant factor of two bias on the average.
Modular Operational Test Plans for Inferences on Software Reliability Based on a Markov Model
Mazumdar, Mainak
Modular Operational Test Plans for Inferences on Software Reliability Based on a Markov Model reliabilities. An operational test procedure is considered in which only the individual modules are tested and the system is considered acceptable if, and only if, no failures are observed. The minimum number of tests
Operating limit evaluation for disposal of uranium enrichment plant wastes
Lee, D.W.; Kocher, D.C.; Wang, J.C.
A proposed solid waste landfill at Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) will accept wastes generated during normal plant operations that are considered to be non-radioactive. However, nearly all solid waste from any source or facility contains small amounts of radioactive material, due to the presence in most materials of trace quantities of such naturally occurring radionuclides as uranium and thorium. This paper describes an evaluation of operating limits, which are protective of public health and the environment, that would allow waste materials containing small amounts of radioactive material to be sent to a new solid waste landfill at PGDP. The operating limits are expressed as limits on concentrations of radionuclides in waste materials that could be sent to the landfill based on a site-specific analysis of the performance of the facility. These limits are advantageous to PGDP and DOE for several reasons. Most importantly, substantial cost savings in the management of waste is achieved. In addition, certain liabilities that could result from shipment of wastes to a commercial off-site solid waste landfill are avoided. Finally, assurance that disposal operations at the PGDP landfill are protective of public health and the environment is provided by establishing verifiable operating limits for small amounts of radioactive material; rather than relying solely on administrative controls. The operating limit determined in this study has been presented to the Commonwealth of Kentucky and accepted as a condition to be attached to the operating permit for the solid waste landfill.
Independent transmission system operators and their role in maintaining reliability in a restructured electric power industry
This report summarizes the current status of proposals to form Independent System Operators (ISOs) to operate high-voltage transmission systems in the United States and reviews their potential role in maintaining bulk power system reliability. As background information, the likely new industry structure, nature of deregulated markets, and institutional framework for bulk power system reliability are reviewed. The report identifies issues related to the formation of ISOs and their roles in markets and in reliability, and describes potential policy directions for encouraging the formation of effective ISOs and ensuring bulk system reliability. Two appendices are provided, which address: (1) system operation arrangements in other countries, and (2) summaries of regional U.S. ISO proposals.
Using Information from Operating Experience to Inform Human Reliability Analysis
Bruce P. Hallbert; David I. Gertman; Julie Marble; Erasmia Lois; Nathan Siu
This paper reports on efforts being sponsored by the U.S. NRC and performed by INEEL to develop a technical basis and perform work to extract information from sources for use in HRA. The objectives of this work are to: 1) develop a method for conducting risk-informed event analysis of human performance information that stems from operating experience at nuclear power plants and for compiling and documenting the results in a structured manner; 2) provide information from these analyses for use in risk-informed and performance-based regulatory activities; 3) create methods for information extraction and a repository for this information that, likewise, support HRA methods and their applications.
R3TOS: A Reliable Reconfigurable Real-Time Operating System Xabier Iturbe1,2
Arslan, Tughrul
R3TOS: A Reliable Reconfigurable Real-Time Operating System Xabier Iturbe1,2 , Khaled Benkrid1-Time Operating System (R3TOS) are presented. The main objective of R3TOS is to create an infrastruc- ture faults in the underlying chip's silicon at runtime (true fault re- moval from system). R3TOS is aimed
Renewable Resource Integration Project - Scoping Study of Strategic Transmission, Operations, and Reliability Issues
Eto, Joseph; Budhraja, Vikram; Ballance, John; Dyer, Jim; Mobasheri, Fred; Eto, Joseph
California is on a path to increase utilization of renewable resources. California will need to integrate approximately 30,000 megawatts (MW) of new renewable generation in the next 20 years. Renewable resources are typically located in remote locations, not near the load centers. Nearly two/thirds or 20,000 MW of new renewable resources needed are likely to be delivered to Los Angeles Basin transmission gateways. Integration of renewable resources requires interconnection to the power grid, expansion of the transmission system capability between the backbone power grid and transmission gateways, and increase in delivery capacity from transmission gateways to the local load centers. To scope the transmission, operations, and reliability issues for renewables integration, this research focused on the Los Angeles Basin Area transmission gateways where most of new renewables are likely. Necessary actions for successful renewables integration include: (1) Expand Los Angeles Basin Area transmission gateway and nomogram limits by 10,000 to 20,000 MW; (2) Upgrade local transmission network for deliverability to load centers; (3) Secure additional storage, demand management, automatic load control, dynamic pricing, and other resources that meet regulation and ramping needed in real time operations; (4) Enhance local voltage support; and (5) Expand deliverability from Los Angeles to San Diego and Northern California.
Quantifying the Operational Benefits of Conventional and Advanced Pumped Storage Hydro on Reliability and Efficiency: Preprint
Krad, I.; Ela, E.; Koritarov, V.
Pumped storage hydro (PSH) plants have significant potential to provide reliability and efficiency benefits in future electric power systems with high penetrations of variable generation. New PSH technologies, such as adjustable-speed PSH, have been introduced that can also present further benefits. This paper demonstrates and quantifies some of the reliability and efficiency benefits afforded by PSH plants by utilizing the Flexible Energy Scheduling Tool for the Integration of Variable generation (FESTIV), an integrated power system operations tool that evaluates both reliability and production costs.
Operational benefits of relaxed axial power distribution control limits
Kitlan, M.S. Jr.; Miller, R.W.
Constant axial offset control (CAOC) was developed in the early 1970s in response to lower loss-of-coolant accident-based peaking factor limits. Th CAOC requires control of the axial power distribution within a specified band, typically +/- 5% or +3, -12% axial flux difference (AFD), about a measured target value of AFD. Operational outside of the CAOC limits results in the accumulation of penalty time. One hour of penalty time in any 24-h period is permitted. Although CAOC is sufficient to ensure peaking factor limits are satisfied, operation outside of CAOC limits is beneficial under certain conditions. Allowing a relaxation in CAOC restrictions can be used both to enhance the load follow capability of the plant by allowing control strategies that minimize the boron system duty or increase the return to power capability and to greatly increase the ability to return to power after a plant trip or shutdown. To achieve these benefits, relaxed axial offset control (RAOC) was developed. Other benefits of RAOC include a simplified technical specification and the ability to perform in-core/ex-core calibrations at higher powers. Duke Power Company has benefited in many of these ways by changing from CAOC power distribution limits to RAOC power distribution limits at the McGuire Nuclear Station. One of the chief benefits has been the ability to achieve full power much more quickly following shutdowns of short duration and reactor trips during the last half of the cycle lifetime.
Wind turbine reliability :understanding and minimizing wind turbine operation and maintenance costs.
Walford, Christopher A. (Global Energy Concepts. Kirkland, WA)
Wind turbine system reliability is a critical factor in the success of a wind energy project. Poor reliability directly affects both the project's revenue stream through increased operation and maintenance (O&M) costs and reduced availability to generate power due to turbine downtime. Indirectly, the acceptance of wind-generated power by the financial and developer communities as a viable enterprise is influenced by the risk associated with the capital equipment reliability; increased risk, or at least the perception of increased risk, is generally accompanied by increased financing fees or interest rates. This paper outlines the issues relevant to wind turbine reliability for wind turbine power generation projects. The first sections describe the current state of the industry, identify the cost elements associated with wind farm O&M and availability and discuss the causes of uncertainty in estimating wind turbine component reliability. The latter sections discuss the means for reducing O&M costs and propose O&M related research and development efforts that could be pursued by the wind energy research community to reduce cost of energy.
A survey of HVDC operating and maintenance practices and their impact on reliability and performance
Cochrane, J.J.; Emerson, M.P. [New England Power Co., Ayer, MA (United States)] [New England Power Co., Ayer, MA (United States); Donahue, J.A. [New England Power Service Co., Westborough, MA (United States)] [New England Power Service Co., Westborough, MA (United States); Wolf, G. [Public Service of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)] [Public Service of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
A questionnaire about operating, maintenance, and spare parts practices and station performance was sent to all HVDC converter stations worldwide. This survey is sponsored by IEEE Working Groups 15.05.08, Economics and Operating Strategies, and I7, Reliability of HVDC Converter Stations. Responses from 38 stations are analyzed, and information bout the most popular practices is reported. One important conclusion is that energy contracts, ac system constraints, and dedicated generation frequency have strong influences on the operation and maintenance practices of HVDC stations. A search is made for correlations between the operating, maintenance, and spare parts practices, including spending, and the stations` performance and availability. No conclusions about the most cost-effective practices can be made. The results are compared with those of a study published in 1992 which covered a few of the same topics.
The Role of Demand Resources In Regional Transmission Expansion Planning and Reliable Operations
Kirby, Brendan J [ORNL
Investigating the role of demand resources in regional transmission planning has provided mixed results. On one hand there are only a few projects where demand response has been used as an explicit alternative to transmission enhancement. On the other hand there is a fair amount of demand response in the form of energy efficiency, peak reduction, emergency load shedding, and (recently) demand providing ancillary services. All of this demand response reduces the need for transmission enhancements. Demand response capability is typically (but not always) factored into transmission planning as a reduction in the load which must be served. In that sense demand response is utilized as an alternative to transmission expansion. Much more demand response is used (involuntarily) as load shedding under extreme conditions to prevent cascading blackouts. The amount of additional transmission and generation that would be required to provide the current level of reliability if load shedding were not available is difficult to imagine and would be impractical to build. In a very real sense demand response solutions are equitably treated in every region - when proposed, demand response projects are evaluated against existing reliability and economic criteria. The regional councils, RTOs, and ISOs identify needs. Others propose transmission, generation, or responsive load based solutions. Few demand response projects get included in transmission enhancement plans because few are proposed. But this is only part of the story. Several factors are responsible for the current very low use of demand response as a transmission enhancement alternative. First, while the generation, transmission, and load business sectors each deal with essentially the same amount of electric power, generation and transmission companies are explicitly in the electric power business but electricity is not the primary business focus of most loads. This changes the institutional focus of each sector. Second, market and reliability rules have, understandably, been written around the capabilities and limitations of generators, the historic reliability resources. Responsive load limitations and capabilities are often not accommodated in markets or reliability criteria. Third, because of the institutional structure, demand response alternatives are treated as temporary solutions that can delay but not replace transmission enhancement. Financing has to be based on a three to five year project life as opposed to the twenty to fifty year life of transmission facilities. More can be done to integrate demand response options into transmission expansion planning. Given the societal benefits it may be appropriate for independent transmission planning organizations to take a more proactive role in drawing demand response alternatives into the resource mix. Existing demand response programs provide a technical basis to build from. Regulatory and market obstacles will have to be overcome if demand response alternatives are to be routinely considered in transmission expansion planning.
Turbine Reliability and Operability Optimization through the use of Direct Detection Lidar Final Technical Report
Johnson, David K; Lewis, Matthew J; Pavlich, Jane C; Wright, Alan D; Johnson, Kathryn E; Pace, Andrew M
The goal of this Department of Energy (DOE) project is to increase wind turbine efficiency and reliability with the use of a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system. The LIDAR provides wind speed and direction data that can be used to help mitigate the fatigue stress on the turbine blades and internal components caused by wind gusts, sub-optimal pointing and reactionary speed or RPM changes. This effort will have a significant impact on the operation and maintenance costs of turbines across the industry. During the course of the project, Michigan Aerospace Corporation (MAC) modified and tested a prototype direct detection wind LIDAR instrument; the resulting LIDAR design considered all aspects of wind turbine LIDAR operation from mounting, assembly, and environmental operating conditions to laser safety. Additionally, in co-operation with our partners, the National Renewable Energy Lab and the Colorado School of Mines, progress was made in LIDAR performance modeling as well as LIDAR feed forward control system modeling and simulation. The results of this investigation showed that using LIDAR measurements to change between baseline and extreme event controllers in a switching architecture can reduce damage equivalent loads on blades and tower, and produce higher mean power output due to fewer overspeed events. This DOE project has led to continued venture capital investment and engagement with leading turbine OEMs, wind farm developers, and wind farm owner/operators.
A chronological probabilistic production cost model to evaluate the reliability contribution of limited energy plants
Leung, Tommy (Tommy Chun Ting)
The growth of renewables in power systems has reinvigorated research and regulatory interest in reliability analysis algorithms such as the Baleriaux/Booth convolution-based probabilistic production cost (PPC) model. ...
Hanford high level waste (HLW) tank mixer pump safe operating envelope reliability assessment
Fischer, S.R. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Clark, J. [Science and Engineering Associates, Inc., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
The US Department of Energy and its contractor, Westinghouse Corp., are responsible for the management and safe storage of waste accumulated from processing defense reactor irradiated fuels for plutonium recovery at the Hanford Site. These wastes, which consist of liquids and precipitated solids, are stored in underground storage tanks pending final disposition. Currently, 23 waste tanks have been placed on a safety watch list because of their potential for generating, storing, and periodically releasing various quantities of hydrogen and other gases. Tank 101-SY in the Hanford SY Tank Farm has been found to release hydrogen concentrations greater than the lower flammable limit (LFL) during periodic gas release events. In the unlikely event that an ignition source is present during a hydrogen release, a hydrogen burn could occur with a potential to release nuclear waste materials. To mitigate the periodic gas releases occurring from Tank 101-SY, a large mixer pump currently is being installed in the tank to promote a sustained release of hydrogen gas to the tank dome space. An extensive safety analysis (SA) effort was undertaken and documented to ensure the safe operation of the mixer pump after it is installed in Tank 101-SY.1 The SA identified a need for detailed operating, alarm, and abort limits to ensure that analyzed safety limits were not exceeded during pump operations.
Use of Frequency Response Metrics to Assess the Planning and Operating Requirements for Reliable Integration of Variable Renewable Generation
Eto, Joseph H.; Undrill, John; Mackin, Peter; Daschmans, Ron; Williams, Ben; Haney, Brian; Hunt, Randall; Ellis, Jeff; Illian, Howard; Martinez, Carlos; O'Malley, Mark; Coughlin, Katie; LaCommare, Kristina Hamachi
An interconnected electric power system is a complex system that must be operated within a safe frequency range in order to reliably maintain the instantaneous balance between generation and load. This is accomplished by ensuring that adequate resources are available to respond to expected and unexpected imbalances and restoring frequency to its scheduled value in order to ensure uninterrupted electric service to customers. Electrical systems must be flexible enough to reliably operate under a variety of"change" scenarios. System planners and operators must understand how other parts of the system change in response to the initial change, and need tools to manage such changes to ensure reliable operation within the scheduled frequency range. This report presents a systematic approach to identifying metrics that are useful for operating and planning a reliable system with increased amounts of variable renewable generation which builds on existing industry practices for frequency control after unexpected loss of a large amount of generation. The report introduces a set of metrics or tools for measuring the adequacy of frequency response within an interconnection. Based on the concept of the frequency nadir, these metrics take advantage of new information gathering and processing capabilities that system operators are developing for wide-area situational awareness. Primary frequency response is the leading metric that will be used by this report to assess the adequacy of primary frequency control reserves necessary to ensure reliable operation. It measures what is needed to arrest frequency decline (i.e., to establish frequency nadir) at a frequency higher than the highest set point for under-frequency load shedding within an interconnection. These metrics can be used to guide the reliable operation of an interconnection under changing circumstances.
On the High Load Limit of Boosted Gasoline HCCI Engine Operating in NVO mode
Scaringe, Robert J.
The high load limit of a boosted homogeneous-charge-compression-ignition (HCCI) engine operating on negative-valve-overlap (NVO) was assessed. When operating under stoichiometric condition with no external dilution, the ...
The Limit Behavior Of The Trajectories of Dissipative Quadratic Stochastic Operators on Finite Dimensional Simplex
Shahidi, F A
The limit behavior of trajectories of dissipative quadratic stochastic operators on a finite-dimensional simplex is fully studied. It is shown that any dissipative quadratic stochastic operator has either unique or infinitely many fixed points. If dissipative quadratic stochastic operator has a unique point, it is proven that the operator is regular at this fixed point. If it has infinitely many fixed points, then it is shown that $\\omega-$ limit set of the trajectory is contained in the set of fixed points.
Flood control reservoir operations for conditions of limited storage capacity
Rivera Ramirez, Hector David
). Therefore, if the entire flood control capacity of a reservoir is available, only an extremely severe flood event would require the implementation of the EOS for most reservoir projects, and thus the bulk of the research has been focused on how to manage... operations objectives. In other words, the REOS provide a set of rules that reflect the risk of flooding upstream as well as downstream of the dams. The USACE and other reservoir management agencies may use the methodology proposed in this study...
Integration of renewable energy sources: reliability-constrained power system planning and operations using computational intelligence
Wang, Lingfeng
studied in the dissertation include reliability evaluation of power systems with time-dependent energy sources, multi-objective design of hybrid generation systems, risk and cost tradeoff in economic dispatch with wind power penetration, optimal placement...
Recirculation on a single stage of vertical flow constructed wetland: treatment limits and operation modes
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
1 Recirculation on a single stage of vertical flow constructed wetland: treatment limits French vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) plant comprises two stages of treatment which the first and treatment performances in different operating conditions. Results showed good performances
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Dynamic-Tracking Directional Wireless Antennas for Low Powered Applications that Require Reliable Extended Range Operations in Time Critical Scenarios
Scott G. Bauer; Matthew O. Anderson; James R. Hanneman
The proven value of DOD Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) will ultimately transition to National and Homeland Security missions that require real-time aerial surveillance, situation awareness, force protection, and sensor placement. Public services first responders who routinely risk personal safety to assess and report a situation for emergency actions will likely be the first to benefit from these new unmanned technologies. 'Packable' or 'Portable' small class UAVs will be particularly useful to the first responder. They require the least amount of training, no fixed infrastructure, and are capable of being launched and recovered from the point of emergency. All UAVs require wireless communication technologies for real- time applications. Typically on a small UAV, a low bandwidth telemetry link is required for command and control (C2), and systems health monitoring. If the UAV is equipped with a real-time Electro-Optical or Infrared (EO/Ir) video camera payload, a dedicated high bandwidth analog/digital link is usually required for reliable high-resolution imagery. In most cases, both the wireless telemetry and real-time video links will be integrated into the UAV with unity gain omni-directional antennas. With limited on-board power and payload capacity, a small UAV will be limited with the amount of radio-frequency (RF) energy it transmits to the users. Therefore, 'packable' and 'portable' UAVs will have limited useful operational ranges for first responders. This paper will discuss the limitations of small UAV wireless communications. The discussion will present an approach of utilizing a dynamic ground based real-time tracking high gain directional antenna to provide extend range stand-off operation, potential RF channel reuse, and assured telemetry and data communications from low-powered UAV deployed wireless assets.
Determination of operating limits for radionuclides for a proposed landfill at Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant
Wang, J.C.; Lee, D.W.; Ketelle, R.H.; Lee, R.R.; Kocher, D.C. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
The operating limits for radionuclides in sanitary and industrial wastes were determined for a proposed landfill at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) in Paducah, Kentucky. These limits, which may be very small but nonzero, are not mandated by law or regulation but are needed for rational operation. The primary advantages of establishing such operating limits include (a) technically defensible screening criteria for landfill-destined solid wastes, (b) significant reductions in the required capacity of radioactive waste storage and disposal facilities, and (c) reductions in costs associated with storage and disposal of radioactive materials. The approach was based on analyses of potential contamination of groundwater at the plant boundary and the potential exposure to radioactivity of an intruder at the landfill after closure. The groundwater analysis includes (a) a source model describing the disposal of waste and the release of radionuclides from waste to groundwater, (b) site-specific groundwater flow and contaminant transport calculations, and (c) calculations of operating limits from the dose objective and conversion factors. The intruder analysis includes pathways through ingestion of contaminated vegetables and soil, external exposure to contaminated soil, and inhalation of suspended activity from contaminated soil particles. In both analyses, a limit on annual effective dose equivalent of 4 mrem (0.04 mSv) was adopted.
Operating limit study for the proposed solid waste landfill at Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant
Lee, D.W.; Wang, J.C.; Kocher, D.C.
A proposed solid waste landfill at Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP) would accept wastes generated during normal operations that are identified as non-radioactive. These wastes may include small amounts of radioactive material from incidental contamination during plant operations. A site-specific analysis of the new solid waste landfill is presented to determine a proposed operating limit that will allow for waste disposal operations to occur such that protection of public health and the environment from the presence of incidentally contaminated waste materials can be assured. Performance objectives for disposal were defined from existing regulatory guidance to establish reasonable dose limits for protection of public health and the environment. Waste concentration limits were determined consistent with these performance objectives for the protection of off-site individuals and inadvertent intruders who might be directly exposed to disposed wastes. Exposures of off-site individuals were estimated using a conservative, site-specific model of the groundwater transport of contamination from the wastes. Direct intrusion was analyzed using an agricultural homesteader scenario. The most limiting concentrations from direct intrusion or groundwater transport were used to establish the concentration limits for radionuclides likely to be present in PGDP wastes.
High energy bursts from a solid state laser operated in the heat capacity limited regime
Albrecht, G.; George, E.V.; Krupke, W.F.; Sooy, W.; Sutton, S.B.
High energy bursts are produced from a solid state laser operated in a heat capacity limited regime. Instead of cooling the laser, the active medium is thermally well isolated. As a result, the active medium will heat up until it reaches some maximum acceptable temperature. The waste heat is stored in the active medium itself. Therefore, the amount of energy the laser can put out during operation is proportional to its mass, the heat capacity of the active medium, and the temperature difference over which it is being operated. The high energy burst capacity of a heat capacity operated solid state laser, together with the absence of a heavy, power consuming steady state cooling system for the active medium, will make a variety of applications possible. Alternately, cooling takes place during a separate sequence when the laser is not operating. Industrial applications include new material working processes. 5 figs.
High energy bursts from a solid state laser operated in the heat capacity limited regime
Albrecht, Georg (Livermore, CA); George, E. Victor (Livermore, CA); Krupke, William F. (Pleasanton, CA); Sooy, Walter (Pleasanton, CA); Sutton, Steven B. (Manteca, CA)
High energy bursts are produced from a solid state laser operated in a heat capacity limited regime. Instead of cooling the laser, the active medium is thermally well isolated. As a result, the active medium will heat up until it reaches some maximum acceptable temperature. The waste heat is stored in the active medium itself. Therefore, the amount of energy the laser can put out during operation is proportional to its mass, the heat capacity of the active medium, and the temperature difference over which it is being operated. The high energy burst capacity of a heat capacity operated solid state laser, together with the absence of a heavy, power consuming steady state cooling system for the active medium, will make a variety of applications possible. Alternately, cooling takes place during a separate sequence when the laser is not operating. Industrial applications include new material working processes.
Determination of operating limits for radionuclides for a proposed landfill at Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant
Wang, J.C.; Lee, D.W.; Ketelle, R.H.; Lee, R.R.; Kocher, D.C.
The operating limits for radionuclides in sanitary and industrial wastes were determined for a proposed landfill at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant (PGDP), Kentucky. These limits, which may be very small but nonzero, are not mandated by law or regulation but are needed for rational operation. The approach was based on analyses of the potential contamination of groundwater at the plant boundary and the potential exposure to radioactivity of an intruder at the landfill after closure. The groundwater analysis includes (1) a source model describing the disposal of waste and the release of radionuclides from waste to the groundwater, (2) site-specific groundwater flow and contaminant transport calculations, and (3) calculations of operating limits from the dose limit and conversion factors. The intruder analysis includes pathways through ingestion of contaminated vegetables and soil, external exposure to contaminated soil, and inhalation of suspended activity from contaminated soil particles. In both analyses, a limit on annual effective dose equivalent of 4 mrem (0.04 mSv) was adopted. The intended application of the results is to refine the radiological monitoring standards employed by the PGDP Health Physics personnel to determine what constitutes radioactive wastes, with concurrence of the Commonwealth of Kentucky.
Packaging effects: operating frequency, power, complexity, reliability, and cost The packaging challenge is too keep up with the demands of forecasted silicon
Patel, Chintan
Packaging effects: operating frequency, power, complexity, reliability, and cost The packaging challenge is too keep up with the demands of forecasted silicon technology and forecasted cost targets. Low performance (servers, avionics, supercomputers) Harsh (under the hood and hostile environments) #12;power
Limited field investigation report for the 100-HR-3 operable unit
Not Available
This limited field investigation (LFI) was conducted to assess the applicability of interim remedial measures (IRM) for reducing human health and environmental risks within the 100-HR-3 Groundwater Operable Unit. The 100-HR-3 Operable Unit is comprised of three subareas; the 100 D Area, the 100 H Area and those portions of the 600 Area between the two reactor areas. The operable unit is one of seven operable units associated with the 100 D and H Areas. Operable units 100-DR-1, 100-DR-2, 100-DR-3, 100-HR-1, 100-HR-2 and 100-IU-4 address contaminant sources while 100-HR-3 addresses contamination present in the underlying groundwater. The primary method of field investigation used during this LFI was the installation and sampling of monitoring wells. Samples were collected from the groundwater and soils, and submitted for laboratory analysis. Boreholes were surveyed for radiological contamination using downhole geophysical techniques to further delineate the locations and levels of contaminants. All samples were screened to ascertain the presence of volatile organic compounds and radionuclides. Analytical data were subjected to validation; all round one, two and three and a minimum of 10% of round four data associated with the LFI were validated. A screening method was used to identify contaminants of potential concern (COPC). This screening method eliminated from further consideration, constituents that were below background. Constituents which are considered non-toxic to humans were eliminated from the human health evaluation. Data consistency and blank contamination were also evaluated in the screening process. These COPC were then evaluated further in the qualitative risk assessment (QRA). A human health QRA was performed using conservative (maximum equilibrated contaminant levels from the LFI) analyses.
Torque limit of PM motors for field-weakening region operation
Royak, Semyon (Beachwood, OH); Harbaugh, Mark M. (Richfield, OH)
The invention includes a motor controller and technique for controlling a permanent magnet motor. In accordance with one aspect of the present technique, a permanent magnet motor is controlled by receiving a torque command, determining a physical torque limit based on a stator frequency, determining a theoretical torque limit based on a maximum available voltage and motor inductance ratio, and limiting the torque command to the smaller of the physical torque limit and the theoretical torque limit. Receiving the torque command may include normalizing the torque command to obtain a normalized torque command, determining the physical torque limit may include determining a normalized physical torque limit, determining a theoretical torque limit may include determining a normalized theoretical torque limit, and limiting the torque command may include limiting the normalized torque command to the smaller of the normalized physical torque limit and the normalized theoretical torque limit.
Evaluation of exposure limits to toxic gases for nuclear reactor control room operators
Mahlum, D.D.; Sasser, L.B. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States))
We have evaluated ammonia, chlorine, Halon (actually a generic name for several halogenated hydro-carbons), and sulfur dioxide for their possible effects during an acute two-minute exposure in order to derive recommendations for maximum exposure levels. To perform this evaluation, we conducted a search to find the most pertinent literature regarding toxicity in humans and in experimental animals. Much of the literature is at least a decade old, not an unexpected finding since acute exposures are less often performed now than they were a few years ago. In most cases, the studies did not specifically examine the effects of two-minute exposures; thus, extrapolations had to be made from studies of longer-exposure periods. Whenever possible, we gave the greatest weight to human data, with experimental animal data serving to strengthen the conclusion arrived at from consideration of the human data. Although certain individuals show hypersensitivity to materials like sulfur dioxide, we have not attempted to factor this information into the recommendations. After our evaluation of the data in the literature, we held a small workshop. Major participants in this workshop were three consultants, all of whom were Diplomates of the American Board of Toxicology, and staff from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Our preliminary recommendations for two-minute exposure limits and the rationale for them were discussed and consensus reached on final recommendations. These recommendations are: (1) ammonia-300 to 400-ppm; (2) chlorine-30 ppm; (3) Halon 1301-5%; Halon 1211-2%; and (4) sulfur dioxide-100 ppm. Control room operators should be able to tolerate two-minute exposures to these levels, don fresh-air masks, and continue to operate the reactor if the toxic material is eliminated, or safely shut down the reactor if the toxic gas remains. 96 refs., 9 tabs.
Theory of factors limiting high gradient operation of warm accelerating structures
Nusinovich, Gregory S. [University of Maryland; Antonsen, Thomas M. [University of Maryland; Kishek, Rami [University of Maryland
This final report summarizes the research performed during the time period from 8/1/2010 to 7/31/2013. It consists of two parts describing our studies in two directions: (a) analysis of factors limiting operation of dielectric-loaded accelerating (DLA) structures where the main problem is the occurrence of multipactor on dielectric surfaces, and (b) studies of effects associated with either RF magnetic or RF electric fields which may cause the RF breakdown in high-gradient metallic accelerating structures. In the studies of DLA structures, at least, two accomplishments should be mentioned: the development of a 3D non-stationary, self-consistent code describing the multipactor phenomena and yielding very good agreement with some experimental data obtained in joint ANL/NRL experiments. In the metallic structures, such phenomena as the heating and melting of micro-particles (metallic dust) by RF electric and magnetic fields in single-shot and rep-rate regimes is analyzed. Also, such processes in micro-protrusions on the structure surfaces as heating and melting due to the field emitted current and the Nottingham effect are thoroughly investigated with the account for space charge of emitted current on the field emission from the tip.
Design modification for the modular helium reactor for higher temperature operation and reliability studies for nuclear hydrogen production processes
Reza, S.M. Mohsin
Design options have been evaluated for the Modular Helium Reactor (MHR) for higher temperature operation. An alternative configuration for the MHR coolant inlet flow path is developed to reduce the peak vessel temperature (PVT). The coolant inlet...
Use of Frequency Response Metrics to Assess the Planning and Operating Requirements for Reliable Integration of Variable Renewable Generation
Eto, Joseph H.
electricity (e.g. , steam turbines, combustion turbines,all be used to run a steam turbine). See Undrill (2010) forcycle plants whose steam turbines are operated with their
Measurement of limiter heating due to fusion product losses during high fusion power deuterium-tritium operation of TFTR
Janos, A.; Owens, D.K.; Darrow, D.; Redi, M.; Zarnstorff, M.; Zweben, S.
Preliminary analysis has been completed on measurements of limiter heating during high fusion power deuterium-tritium (D-T) operation of TFTR, in an attempt to identify heating from alpha particle losses. Recent operation of TFTR with a 50-50 mix of D-T has resulted in fusion power output ({approx} 6.2 MW) orders of magnitude above what was previously achieved on TFTR. A significantly larger absolute number of particles and energy from fusion products compared to D-D operation is expected to be lost to the limiters. Measurements were made in the vicinity of the midplane ({plus_minus} 30{degree}) with thermocouples mounted on the tiles of an outboard limiter. Comparisons were made -between discharges which were similar except for the mix of deuterium and tritium beam sources. Power and energy estimates of predicted alpha losses were as high as 0.13 MW and 64 kJ. Depending on what portion of the limiters absorbed this energy, temperature rises of up to 42 {degrees}C could be expected, corresponding to a heat load of 0.69 MJ/m{sup 2} over a 0.5 sec period, or a power load of 1.4 MW/m{sup 2}. There was a measurable increase in the limiter tile temperature as the fusion power yield increased with a more reactive mixture of D and T at constant beam power during high power D-T operation. Analysis of the data is being conducted to see if the alpha heating component can be extracted. Measured temperature increases were no greater than 1 {degree}C, indicating that there was probably neither an unexpectedly large fraction of lost particles nor unexpected localization of the losses. Limits on the stochastic ripple loss contribution from alphas can be deduced.
New strategies for avoiding robot joint limits: Application to visual servoing using a large projection operator
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
redundancy-based strategy for avoiding joint limits of a robot arm. This strategy is based on defining three avoidance strategy. The experimental results obtained on a 6 dof robot arm in eye-in hand visual servoing
Evaluation of design and operating speeds for crest vertical curves with limited sight distance
Russell, Charles William
The Puerto Colon field is located in the Putumayo basin in southern Colombia, South America, and is operated by Empresa Colombiana de petroleos (ECOPETROL), which is the national oil company. The field produces from the Cretaceous sandstones...
Criticality Safety Evaluations on the Use of 200-gram Pu Mass Limit for RHWM Waste Storage Operations
Chou, P
This work establishes the criticality safety technical basis to increase the fissile mass limit from 120 grams to 200 grams for Type A 55-gallon drums and their equivalents. Current RHWM fissile mass limit is 120 grams Pu for Type A 55-gallon containers and their equivalent. In order to increase the Type A 55-gallon drum limit to 200 grams, a few additional criticality safety control requirements are needed on moderators, reflectors, and array controls to ensure that the 200-gram Pu drums remain criticality safe with inadvertent criticality remains incredible. The purpose of this work is to analyze the use of 200-gram Pu drum mass limit for waste storage operations in Radioactive and Hazardous Waste Management (RHWM) Facilities. In this evaluation, the criticality safety controls associated with the 200-gram Pu drums are established for the RHWM waste storage operations. With the implementation of these criticality safety controls, the 200-gram Pu waste drum storage operations are demonstrated to be criticality safe and meet the double-contingency-principle requirement per DOE O 420.1.
Operating experience feedback report: Reliability of safety-related steam turbine-driven standby pumps. Commercial power reactors, Volume 10
Boardman, J.R.
This report documents a detailed analysis of failure initiators, causes and design features for steam turbine assemblies (turbines with their related components, such as governors and valves) which are used as drivers for standby pumps in the auxiliary feedwater systems of US commercial pressurized water reactor plants, and in the high pressure coolant injection and reactor core isolation cooling systems of US commercial boiling water reactor plants. These standby pumps provide a redundant source of water to remove reactor core heat as specified in individual plant safety analysis reports. The period of review for this report was from January 1974 through December 1990 for licensee event reports (LERS) and January 1985 through December 1990 for Nuclear Plant Reliability Data System (NPRDS) failure data. This study confirmed the continuing validity of conclusions of earlier studies by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and by the US nuclear industry that the most significant factors in failures of turbine-driven standby pumps have been the failures of the turbine-drivers and their controls. Inadequate maintenance and the use of inappropriate vendor technical information were identified as significant factors which caused recurring failures.
Estimation of the reliability of space nuclear power systems by probabilistic risk assessment techniques
Gutner, Sophie Isabelle
A successful space mission depends on the reliable operation of the spacecraft's electrical power system. For payloads requiring high power levels, various designs of space nuclear power systems (SNPS) are available. Designers have conducted limited...
Strategies and Decision Support Systems for Integrating Variable Energy Resources in Control Centers for Reliable Grid Operations
Jones, Lawrence E.
A variety of studies have recently evaluated the opportunities for the large-scale integration of wind energy into the US power system. These studies have included, but are not limited to, "20 Percent Wind Energy by 2030: Increasing Wind Energy's Contribution to US Electricity Supply", the "Western Wind and Solar Integration Study", and the "Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study." Each of these US based studies have evaluated a variety of activities that can be undertaken by utilities to help integrate wind energy.
Operational limit of closed loop pulsating heat pipes Honghai Yang a,*, S. Khandekar b
Khandekar, Sameer
a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, PR China b of a total of 40 copper tubes with 1 mm and 2 mm inner diameter, respectively. R123 was employed important ones. In both cases the limit will manifest itself by an unacceptable over- heating
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
This position is located in the Internal Operations and Asset Management group of Planning and Asset Management (TP). A successful candidate in this position will serve as the Reliability Standards...
Operating experience feedback report-reliability of safety-related steam turbine-driven standby pumps used in US commerical nuclear power plants
Boardman, J.R. [Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC (United States)
Pump failure experience is collected by two primary means: (1) Licensee Event Reports, and (2) Nuclear Plant Reliability Data System failure reports. Certain safety-related turbine-driven standby pumps were identified by these data systems as experiencing significant ongoing repetitive failures of their turbine drivers, resulting in low reliability of the pump units. The root causes of identified failures were determined, and actions to preclude these repetitive failures were identified. 5 refs., 1 tab.
North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC): Reliability...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
(NERC): Reliability Considerations from the Integration of Smart Grid North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC): Reliability Considerations from the Integration of...
The materials listed below are housed in the Special Collections Department at CU-Boulder. Special Collections has limited hours of operation. Please call 303.492.6144 to confirm prior to visiting or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Mojzsis, Stephen J.
Collections has limited hours of operation. Please call 303.492.6144 to confirm prior to visiting or email spc
electric power equipment with more energy efficiency and higher capacity than today's systems of modernizing the electric grid to meet the nations's need for reliable, electric power, enhancing security continues to increase within the electricity infrastructure. DOE is conducting research, development
Human-reliability data bank for nuclear-power-plant operations. Volume 2. A data-bank concept and system description
Comer, M.K.; Kozinsky, E.J.; Eckel, J.S.; Miller, D.P.
The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is conducting a research program to determine the need for a human-reliability data bank unique to the nuclear industry. This report, in describing a proposed data bank, focuses primarily on four requirements: human-performance data collection, treatment, structuring (storage), and retrieval. Four data-collection methods are proposed: three are extensions to existing systems (i.e., Licensee Event Reports (LER), Nuclear Plant Reliability Data System (NPRDS), and Plant Incident Reports (PIR)); the fourth is a new system called the Nuclear Safety Reporting System (NSRS). Data treatment involves evaluating raw field data and data from other sources (e.g., training simulator, expert judgment, and performance modeling), and preparing them for entry into the data bank. Data structuring involves storage of data by equipment characteristics and human actions at the system, component, and individual control/display levels. Data retrieval uses a set of matrices based on the data-structuring taxonomy.
Power electronics reliability.
Kaplar, Robert James; Brock, Reinhard C.; Marinella, Matthew; King, Michael Patrick; Stanley, James K.; Smith, Mark A.; Atcitty, Stanley
The project's goals are: (1) use experiments and modeling to investigate and characterize stress-related failure modes of post-silicon power electronic (PE) devices such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) switches; and (2) seek opportunities for condition monitoring (CM) and prognostics and health management (PHM) to further enhance the reliability of power electronics devices and equipment. CM - detect anomalies and diagnose problems that require maintenance. PHM - track damage growth, predict time to failure, and manage subsequent maintenance and operations in such a way to optimize overall system utility against cost. The benefits of CM/PHM are: (1) operate power conversion systems in ways that will preclude predicted failures; (2) reduce unscheduled downtime and thereby reduce costs; and (3) pioneering reliability in SiC and GaN.
Dispatcher Reliability Analysis : SPICA-RAIL Experiments
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
consider that humans are fully reliable. But experience shows that many accidents involve human failuresDispatcher Reliability Analysis : SPICA-RAIL Experiments Fabien Belmonte, Jean-Louis Boulanger of scenarios and evaluate the behaviour of human operators. A state of the art in human reliability is pre
Applications of operation research to the analysis for the impacts of the transmission line capacity limitation on
capacity limitation on clean power development Jinxu Ding and Arun Somani 1 Abstract--As global warming has system development. In the tool, we 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State Uni regulation that requires the increased production of energy from renewable energy sources, such as wind
Operating plant measurements are limited in number, accuracy and precision. Plant performance analysis, the primary steps of which are identification,
Howat, Colin S. "Chip"
distillation column was designed, built, and tested. This column can be operated in continuous and batch modes but not tested against actual plant data which could be misleadi ng. · A pilot distillation column has been built and interpretation of a packed distillation column with the mass transfer coefficient being the primary adjustable
2007 iREP Symposium -Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control -VII, Revitalizing Operational Reliability August 19-24, 2007, Charleston SC, USA
Dobson, Ian
2007 iREP Symposium - Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VII, Revitalizing Operational. Established analytic methods of power system risk analysis can model the detail of some likely and foreseen cascading failure of electric power systems. The ability to efficiently quantify cascading blackout risk
Virtually simulating the next generation of clean energy technologies: NETL's AVESTAR Center is dedicated to the safe, reliable and efficient operation of advanced energy plants with carbon capture
Zitney, S.
Imagine using a real-time virtual simulator to learn to fly a space shuttle or rebuild your car's transmission without touching a piece of equipment or getting your hands dirty. Now, apply this concept to learning how to operate and control a state-of-the-art, electricity-producing power plant capable of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) capture. That's what the National Energy Technology Laboratory's (NETL) Advanced Virtual Energy Simulation Training and Research (AVESTAR) Center (www.netl.doe.gov/avestar) is designed to do. Established as part of the Department of Energy's (DOE) initiative to advance new clean energy technology for power generation, the AVESTAR Center focuses primarily on providing simulation-based training for process engineers and energy plant operators, starting with the deployment of a first-of-a-kind operator training simulator for an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant with CO{sub 2} capture. The IGCC dynamic simulator builds on, and reaches beyond, conventional power plant simulators to merge, for the first time, a 'gasification with CO{sub 2} capture' process simulator with a 'combined-cycle' power simulator. Based on Invensys Operations Management's SimSci-Esscor DYNSIM software, the high-fidelity dynamic simulator provides realistic training on IGCC plant operations, including normal and faulted operations, as well as plant start-up, shutdown and power demand load changes. The highly flexible simulator also allows for testing of different types of fuel sources, such as petcoke and biomass, as well as co-firing fuel mixtures. The IGCC dynamic simulator is available at AVESTAR's two locations, NETL (Figure 1) and West Virginia University's National Research Center for Coal and Energy (www.nrcce.wvu.edu), both in Morgantown, W.Va. By offering a comprehensive IGCC training program, AVESTAR aims to develop a workforce well prepared to operate, control and manage commercial-scale gasification-based power plants with CO{sub 2} capture. The facility and simulator at West Virginia University promotes NETL's outreach mission by offering hands-on simulator training and education to researchers and university students.
Power as a function of reliability
Abate, M.L. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); McCabe, G.P.; Lynch, M.P. [Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN (United States)
Many studies employ multiple measurement instruments such as human raters, observers, judges, or mechanical gauges to record subject data. It is well known that the consistency of these instruments, commonly called rater reliability, limits the extent to which conclusions should be drawn from the observed data. However, the degree to which rater reliability limits conclusions has traditionally been assessed in only subjective manners. In this paper, a method is developed for objectively quantifying the impact of rate reliability on the statistical analysis of data from a commonly used collection scheme. This method allows the inclusion of a reliability index in statistical power calculations and is an invaluable tool in the planning of experiments.
Analysis of operational, institutional and international limitations for alternative fuel vehicles and technologies: Means/methods for implementing changes
Not Available
This project focused upon the development of an approach to assist public fleet managers in evaluating the characteristics and availability of alternative fuels (AF`s) and alternative fuel vehicles (AFV`s) that will serve as possible replacements for vehicles currently serving the needs of various public entities. Also of concern were the institutional/international limitations for alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles. The City of Detroit and other public agencies in the Detroit area were the particular focus for the activities. As the development and initial stages of use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles proceeds, there will be an increasing need to provide information and guidance to decision-makers regarding differences in requirements and features of these fuels and vehicles. There wig be true differences in requirements for servicing, managing, and regulating. There will also be misunderstanding and misperception. There have been volumes of data collected on AFV`S, and as technology is improved, new data is constantly added. There are not, however, condensed and effective sources of information for public vehicle fleet managers on vehicle and equipment sources, characteristics, performance, costs, and environmental benefits. While theoretical modeling of public fleet requirements has been done, there do not seem to be readily available ``practical``. There is a need to provide the best possible information and means to minimize the problems for introducing the effective use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles.
Chip-Level Electromigration Reliability for Cu Interconnects
Gall, M.; Oh, C.; Grinshpon, A.; Zolotov, V.; Panda, R.; Demircan, E.; Mueller, J.; Justison, P.; Ramakrishna, K.; Thrasher, S.; Hernandez, R.; Herrick, M.; Fox, R.; Boeck, B.; Kawasaki, H. [Technology Solutions Organization, Freescale Semiconductor (United States); Haznedar, H.; Ku, P. [Sector Quality, Freescale Semiconductor (United States)
Even after the successful introduction of Cu-based metallization, the electromigration (EM) failure risk has remained one of the most important reliability concerns for most advanced process technologies. Ever increasing operating current densities and the introduction of low-k materials in the backend process scheme are some of the issues that threaten reliable, long-term operation at elevated temperatures. The traditional method of verifying EM reliability only through current density limit checks is proving to be inadequate in general, or quite expensive at the best. A Statistical EM Budgeting (SEB) methodology has been proposed to assess more realistic chip-level EM reliability from the complex statistical distribution of currents in a chip. To be valuable, this approach requires accurate estimation of currents for all interconnect segments in a chip. However, no efficient technique to manage the complexity of such a task for very large chip designs is known. We present an efficient method to estimate currents exhaustively for all interconnects in a chip. The proposed method uses pre-characterization of cells and macros, and steps to identify and filter out symmetrically bi-directional interconnects. We illustrate the strength of the proposed approach using a high-performance microprocessor design for embedded applications as a case study.
Reliability-Centered Maintenance
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Reliability-centered maintenance leverages the same practices and technologies of predictive maintenance.
: : ". RSST I Lunar Day Counter Reliability Analysis
Rathbun, Julie A.
: : ". RSST I Lunar Day Counter Reliability Analysis NO. ATM 846 PAGE 1 REV. MO. OF 10 DATE 12/3/69 This ATM presents a Reliability analysis of the Lunar Day Counter, the Resettable Solid State Timer (RSST equipment. The analysis is based on a parts count, average failure rates and two (2) years operation
Waste Feed Delivery System Phase 1 Preliminary Reliability and Availability and Maintainability Analysis [SEC 1 and 2
The document presents updated results of the preliminary reliability, availability, maintainability analysis performed for delivery of waste feed from tanks 241-AZ-101 and 241-AN-105 to British Nuclear Fuels Limited, inc. under the Tank Waste Remediation System Privatization Contract. The operational schedule delay risk is estimated and contributing factors are discussed.
Secure and reliable operation of our
Amin, S. Massoud
the weather. Electric power systems constitute the fundamental infrastructure of modern society. A suc of threats: · Attacks upon the power system. In this case, the electricity infrastructure itself to national and international economy, security, and quality of life. Massoud Amin, Electric Power Research
Distributed Generation Operational Reliability and Availability Database,
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn't Your Destiny:Revised Finding of No53197E T ADRAFTJanuary 2004 | Department
Distributed Generation Operational Reliability, Executive Summary Report,
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn't Your Destiny:Revised Finding of No53197E T ADRAFTJanuary 2004 | DepartmentJanuary 2004 |
Power electronics reliability analysis.
Smith, Mark A.; Atcitty, Stanley
This report provides the DOE and industry with a general process for analyzing power electronics reliability. The analysis can help with understanding the main causes of failures, downtime, and cost and how to reduce them. One approach is to collect field maintenance data and use it directly to calculate reliability metrics related to each cause. Another approach is to model the functional structure of the equipment using a fault tree to derive system reliability from component reliability. Analysis of a fictitious device demonstrates the latter process. Optimization can use the resulting baseline model to decide how to improve reliability and/or lower costs. It is recommended that both electric utilities and equipment manufacturers make provisions to collect and share data in order to lay the groundwork for improving reliability into the future. Reliability analysis helps guide reliability improvements in hardware and software technology including condition monitoring and prognostics and health management.
Human Reliability Program Overview
Bodin, Michael
This presentation covers the high points of the Human Reliability Program, including certification/decertification, critical positions, due process, organizational structure, program components, personnel security, an overview of the US DOE reliability program, retirees and academia, and security program integration.
Application of reliability analysis method to fusion component testing
Ying, A.Y.; Abdou, M.A. [Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
The term reliability here implies that a component satisfies a set of performance criteria while under specified conditions of use over a specified period of time. For fusion nuclear technology, the reliability goal to be pursued is the development of a mean time between failures (MTBF) for a component which is longer than its lifetime goal. While the component lifetime is mainly determined by the fluence limitation (i.e., damage level) which leads to performance degradation or failure, the MTBF represents an arithmetic average life of all units in a population. One method of assessing the reliability goal involves determining component availability needs to meet the goal plant availability, defining a test-analyze-fix development program to improve component reliability, and quantifying both test times and the number of test articles that would be required to ensure that a specified target MTBF is met. Statistically, constant failure rates and exponential life distributions are assumed for analyses and blanket component development is used as an example. However, as data are collected the probability distribution of the parameter of interest can be updated in a Bayesian fashion. The nuclear component testing program will be structured such that reliability requirements for DEMO can be achieved. The program shall not exclude the practice of a good design (such as reducing the complexity of the system to the minimum essential for the required operation), the execution of high quality manufacturing and inspection processes, and the implication of quality assurance and control for component development. In fact, the assurance of a high quality testing/development program is essential so that there is no question left for reliability.
Reliability-based casing design
Maes, M.A. [Univ. of Calgary, Alberta (Canada). Civil Engineering Dept.; Gulati, K.C.; Johnson, R.C. [Mobil Research and Development Corp., Dallas, TX (United States); McKenna, D.L. [Mobil Producing Nigeria, Lagos (Nigeria); Brand, P.R.; Lewis, D.B. [Mobil E and P Technical Center, Dallas, TX (United States)
The present paper describes the development of reliability-based design criteria for oil and/or gas well casing/tubing. The approach is based on the fundamental principles of limit state design. Limit states for tubulars are discussed and specific techniques for the stochastic modeling of loading and resistance variables are described. Zonation methods and calibration techniques are developed which are geared specifically to the characteristic tubular design for both hydrocarbon drilling and production applications. The application of quantitative risk analysis to the development of risk-consistent design criteria is shown to be a major and necessary step forward in achieving more economic tubular design.
Reliable High Performance Peta- and Exa-Scale Computing
Bronevetsky, G
As supercomputers become larger and more powerful, they are growing increasingly complex. This is reflected both in the exponentially increasing numbers of components in HPC systems (LLNL is currently installing the 1.6 million core Sequoia system) as well as the wide variety of software and hardware components that a typical system includes. At this scale it becomes infeasible to make each component sufficiently reliable to prevent regular faults somewhere in the system or to account for all possible cross-component interactions. The resulting faults and instability cause HPC applications to crash, perform sub-optimally or even produce erroneous results. As supercomputers continue to approach Exascale performance and full system reliability becomes prohibitively expensive, we will require novel techniques to bridge the gap between the lower reliability provided by hardware systems and users unchanging need for consistent performance and reliable results. Previous research on HPC system reliability has developed various techniques for tolerating and detecting various types of faults. However, these techniques have seen very limited real applicability because of our poor understanding of how real systems are affected by complex faults such as soft fault-induced bit flips or performance degradations. Prior work on such techniques has had very limited practical utility because it has generally focused on analyzing the behavior of entire software/hardware systems both during normal operation and in the face of faults. Because such behaviors are extremely complex, such studies have only produced coarse behavioral models of limited sets of software/hardware system stacks. Since this provides little insight into the many different system stacks and applications used in practice, this work has had little real-world impact. My project addresses this problem by developing a modular methodology to analyze the behavior of applications and systems during both normal and faulty operation. By synthesizing models of individual components into a whole-system behavior models my work is making it possible to automatically understand the behavior of arbitrary real-world systems to enable them to tolerate a wide range of system faults. My project is following a multi-pronged research strategy. Section II discusses my work on modeling the behavior of existing applications and systems. Section II.A discusses resilience in the face of soft faults and Section II.B looks at techniques to tolerate performance faults. Finally Section III presents an alternative approach that studies how a system should be designed from the ground up to make resilience natural and easy.
Medical Aspects of Reliability
Atencio, Julian J.
This presentation covers the medical evaluation as part of a human reliability program, particularly the various medical qualifications and potential disqualifiers.
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
A DOE Solid-State Lighting Program technology fact sheet on lifetime, reliability, and failure as related to LED-based products.
Hawaii electric system reliability.
Silva Monroy, Cesar Augusto; Loose, Verne William
This report addresses Hawaii electric system reliability issues; greater emphasis is placed on short-term reliability but resource adequacy is reviewed in reference to electric consumers' views of reliability %E2%80%9Cworth%E2%80%9D and the reserve capacity required to deliver that value. The report begins with a description of the Hawaii electric system to the extent permitted by publicly available data. Electrical engineering literature in the area of electric reliability is researched and briefly reviewed. North American Electric Reliability Corporation standards and measures for generation and transmission are reviewed and identified as to their appropriateness for various portions of the electric grid and for application in Hawaii. Analysis of frequency data supplied by the State of Hawaii Public Utilities Commission is presented together with comparison and contrast of performance of each of the systems for two years, 2010 and 2011. Literature tracing the development of reliability economics is reviewed and referenced. A method is explained for integrating system cost with outage cost to determine the optimal resource adequacy given customers' views of the value contributed by reliable electric supply. The report concludes with findings and recommendations for reliability in the State of Hawaii.
Medical Device Reliability BIOMATERIALS
NEMI Medical Electronics team to address short- and long-term reliability issues with medical devices. OurMedical Device Reliability BIOMATERIALS Our goal is to provide medical device manufacturers, and consistency of active implantable medical devices. These devices, including pacemakers, cardiac defibrillators
Photovoltaic system reliability
Maish, A.B.; Atcitty, C. [Sandia National Labs., NM (United States); Greenberg, D. [Ascension Technology, Inc., Lincoln Center, MA (United States)] [and others
This paper discusses the reliability of several photovoltaic projects including SMUD`s PV Pioneer project, various projects monitored by Ascension Technology, and the Colorado Parks project. System times-to-failure range from 1 to 16 years, and maintenance costs range from 1 to 16 cents per kilowatt-hour. Factors contributing to the reliability of these systems are discussed, and practices are recommended that can be applied to future projects. This paper also discusses the methodology used to collect and analyze PV system reliability data.
Reliable solar: powering communities
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645U.S. DOE Office of Scienceand Requirements Recently ApprovedReliability Technology earns award ReliabilityReliable
SQUIDSQUID systems for acousticsystems for acoustic GW detectors:GW detectors: progressprogress inin sensitivitysensitivity and long-and long-term reliabilityterm reliability
inin sensitivitysensitivity and long-and long-term reliabilityterm reliability Main features · Operates
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
DOE solar reliability and safety research and development (R&D) focuses on testing photovoltaic (PV) modules, inverters, and systems for long-term performance, and helping investors, consumers,...
Gearbox Reliability Collaborative Update (Presentation)
Sheng, S.
This presentation was given at the Sandia Reliability Workshop in August 2013 and provides information on current statistics, a status update, next steps, and other reliability research and development activities related to the Gearbox Reliability Collaborative.
Sandia Energy - PV Systems Reliability
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Systems Reliability Home Stationary Power Energy Conversion Efficiency Solar Energy Photovoltaics PV Systems Reliability PV Systems ReliabilityCoryne Tasca2015-05-08T03:40:54+00:00...
Photovoltaic module reliability workshop
Mrig, L. (ed.)
The paper and presentations compiled in this volume form the Proceedings of the fourth in a series of Workshops sponsored by Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI/DOE) under the general theme of photovoltaic module reliability during the period 1986--1990. The reliability Photo Voltaic (PV) modules/systems is exceedingly important along with the initial cost and efficiency of modules if the PV technology has to make a major impact in the power generation market, and for it to compete with the conventional electricity producing technologies. The reliability of photovoltaic modules has progressed significantly in the last few years as evidenced by warranties available on commercial modules of as long as 12 years. However, there is still need for substantial research and testing required to improve module field reliability to levels of 30 years or more. Several small groups of researchers are involved in this research, development, and monitoring activity around the world. In the US, PV manufacturers, DOE laboratories, electric utilities and others are engaged in the photovoltaic reliability research and testing. This group of researchers and others interested in this field were brought together under SERI/DOE sponsorship to exchange the technical knowledge and field experience as related to current information in this important field. The papers presented here reflect this effort.
ISSAT 2012 KCoverage Reliability Evaluation K-COVERAGE RELIABILITY EVALUATION
Xing, Liudong
#12;7/20/2012 ISSAT 2012 KCoverage Reliability Evaluation forWSNs 2 Introduction Wireless sensor;7/20/2012 ISSAT 2012 KCoverage Reliability Evaluation forWSNs 7 Model 13 Consider a set of sensor nodes (SN7/20/2012 ISSAT 2012 KCoverage Reliability Evaluation forWSNs 1 K-COVERAGE RELIABILITY EVALUATION
Operating Efficiency Comes From Teamwork
Relyea, D. L.; Stone, A.
A group of operating and planning personnel formed the INter Plant Utilities Team [INPUT] to improve energy efficiency and reliability for Exxon's Baytown, Texas, refinery and chemical plants complex. The Team coordinates the day-to-day operations...
1992 annual report of the North American Electric Reliability Council
Not Available
This report describes the operation and concerns of the North American Electric Reliability Council and contains contributions from each of its member regional councils concerning reliability of electric power in their representative areas. The topics of the reports include current and future electric system reliability, regional monitoring, planning, telecommunications, the generating availability data system, technical services available, installed capacity changes, equipment changes, unusual events, hurricane Andrew, and ice storms.
Ladkin, Peter B.
WHEN THE ACCURACY OR RELIABILITY OF NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT IS IN DOUBT DURING THE APPROACH PHASE 1://www.caa.co.uk/publications 16/2003 IN THIS ISSUE 1 OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS WHEN THE ACCURACY OR RELIABILITY OF NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT IS IN DOUBT DURING THE APPROACH PHASE 2 RUNWAY INCURSION AWARENESS 1 OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
Reliability of Electrical Interconnects (Presentation)
Devoto, D.
This presentation discusses the status of NREL's research on the reliability of electrical interconnects.
Empirical Bayes Estimation of Reliability
Pensky, Marianna
types of equipment relies on statistical inference about char- acteristics of reliabilityEmpirical Bayes Estimation of Reliability Introduction Assessment of the reliability of various such as reliability function, mean lifetime of the devices, or failure rate. Gen- eral techniques of statistical
Separating myths from reality in PV inverter reliability
Rollins, Andrew M.
Separating myths from reality in PV inverter reliability Or, How I learned to stop worrying: Navigant Consulting report to NREL on PV inverter status. NCI found that inverters were limited by 18 and love the BOM Timothy J. Peshek SDLE Reliability workshop, CWRU 4/9/2012 #12;What inverter manufacturers
Bernstein, Joseph B.
RELIABILITY COMPARISON MODELS FOR OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES (OWT) Yizhou Lu, T. M. Delorm, A. Christou of survivor functions R(t) of drive-trains, after 1 year of operation, between Offshore Wind Turbine (OWT) vs of the reliability of these 5 Types Surrogate failure rate data Onshore wind turbines (OT) 1-1.5MW CONCLUSIONS
This letter is in response to the Department of Energy Emergency Order to Resume Limited Operation at the Potomac River Genera
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742 33Frequently AskedEnergyIssuesEnergy SolarRadioactive LiquidSavingsAugust 2011Limit of H
Office of Enterprise Assessments Operational Awareness Record for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Limited Review of Engineering Configuration Management - March 2015
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn'tOrigin of Contamination in ManyDepartment of OrderSUBCOMMITTEE ofEnergy(EA) Operational
A reliability assessment methodology for distribution systems with distributed generation
Duttagupta, Suchismita Sujaya
Reliability assessment is of primary importance in designing and planning distribution systems that operate in an economic manner with minimal interruption of customer loads. With the advances in renewable energy sources, ...
A reliability assessment methodology for distribution systems with distributed generation
Duttagupta, Suchismita Sujaya
Reliability assessment is of primary importance in designing and planning distribution systems that operate in an economic manner with minimal interruption of customer loads. With the advances in renewable energy sources, Distributed Generation (DG...
Experiences with Two Reliability Data Collection Efforts (Presentation)
Sheng, S.; Lantz, E.
This presentation, given by NREL at the Wind Reliability Experts Meeting in Albuquerque, New Mexico, outlines the causes of wind plant operational expenditures and gearbox failures and describes NREL's efforts to create a gearbox failure database.
Final report for CCS cross-layer reliability visioning study
Quinn, Heather M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Dehon, Andre [U. PENN; Carter, Nicj [INTEL
The geometric rate of improvement of transistor size and integrated circuit performance known as Moore's Law has been an engine of growth for our economy, enabling new products and services, creating new value and wealth, increasing safety, and removing menial tasks from our daily lives. Affordable, highly integrated components have enabled both life-saving technologies and rich entertainment applications. Anti-lock brakes, insulin monitors, and GPS-enabled emergency response systems save lives. Cell phones, internet appliances, virtual worlds, realistic video games, and mp3 players enrich our lives and connect us together. Over the past 40 years of silicon scaling, the increasing capabilities of inexpensive computation have transformed our society through automation and ubiquitous communications. Looking forward, increasing unpredictability threatens our ability to continue scaling integrated circuits at Moore's Law rates. As the transistors and wires that make up integrated circuits become smaller, they display both greater differences in behavior among devices designed to be identical and greater vulnerability to transient and permanent faults. Conventional design techniques expend energy to tolerate this unpredictability by adding safety margins to a circuit's operating voltage, clock frequency or charge stored per bit. However, the rising energy costs needed to compensate for increasing unpredictability are rapidly becoming unacceptable in today's environment where power consumption is often the limiting factor on integrated circuit performance and energy efficiency is a national concern. Reliability and energy consumption are both reaching key inflection points that, together, threaten to reduce or end the benefits of feature size reduction. To continue beneficial scaling, we must use a cross-layer, Jull-system-design approach to reliability. Unlike current systems, which charge every device a substantial energy tax in order to guarantee correct operation in spite of rare events, such as one high-threshold transistor in a billion or one erroneous gate evaluation in an hour of computation, cross-layer reliability schemes make reliability management a cooperative effort across the system stack, sharing information across layers so that they only expend energy on reliability when an error actually occurs. Figure 1 illustrates an example of such a system that uses a combination of information from the application and cheap architecture-level techniques to detect errors. When an error occurs, mechanisms at higher levels in the stack correct the error, efficiently delivering correct operation to the user in spite of errors at the device or circuit levels. In the realms of memory and communication, engineers have a long history of success in tolerating unpredictable effects such as fabrication variability, transient upsets, and lifetime wear using information sharing, limited redundancy, and cross-layer approaches that anticipate, accommodate, and suppress errors. Networks use a combination of hardware and software to guarantee end-toend correctness. Error-detection and correction codes use additional information to correct the most common errors, single-bit transmission errors. When errors occur that cannot be corrected by these codes, the network protocol requests re-transmission of one or more packets until the correct data is received. Similarly, computer memory systems exploit a cross-layer division of labor to achieve high performance with modest hardware. Rather than demanding that hardware alone provide the virtual memory abstraction, software page-fault and TLB-miss handlers allow a modest piece of hardware, the TLB, to handle the common-case operations on a cyc1e-by-cycle basis while infrequent misses are handled in system software. Unfortunately, mitigating logic errors is not as simple or as well researched as memory or communication systems. This lack of understanding has led to very expensive solutions. For example, triple-modular redundancy masks errors by triplicating computations in either time or area. T
Continuous Reliability Enhancement for Wind (CREW) database : wind plant reliability benchmark.
Hines, Valerie Ann-Peters; Ogilvie, Alistair B.; Bond, Cody R.
To benchmark the current U.S. wind turbine fleet reliability performance and identify the major contributors to component-level failures and other downtime events, the Department of Energy funded the development of the Continuous Reliability Enhancement for Wind (CREW) database by Sandia National Laboratories. This report is the third annual Wind Plant Reliability Benchmark, to publically report on CREW findings for the wind industry. The CREW database uses both high resolution Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data from operating plants and Strategic Power Systems' ORAPWind%C2%AE (Operational Reliability Analysis Program for Wind) data, which consist of downtime and reserve event records and daily summaries of various time categories for each turbine. Together, these data are used as inputs into CREW's reliability modeling. The results presented here include: the primary CREW Benchmark statistics (operational availability, utilization, capacity factor, mean time between events, and mean downtime); time accounting from an availability perspective; time accounting in terms of the combination of wind speed and generation levels; power curve analysis; and top system and component contributors to unavailability.
Human Reliability Program Workshop
Landers, John; Rogers, Erin; Gerke, Gretchen
A Human Reliability Program (HRP) is designed to protect national security as well as worker and public safety by continuously evaluating the reliability of those who have access to sensitive materials, facilities, and programs. Some elements of a site HRP include systematic (1) supervisory reviews, (2) medical and psychological assessments, (3) management evaluations, (4) personnel security reviews, and (4) training of HRP staff and critical positions. Over the years of implementing an HRP, the Department of Energy (DOE) has faced various challenges and overcome obstacles. During this 4-day activity, participants will examine programs that mitigate threats to nuclear security and the insider threat to include HRP, Nuclear Security Culture (NSC) Enhancement, and Employee Assistance Programs. The focus will be to develop an understanding of the need for a systematic HRP and to discuss challenges and best practices associated with mitigating the insider threat.
Reliable computation Peter Gacs
Gacs, Peter
of compressors 28 4.6. Exercises 30 5. The reliable storage problem 32 5.1. Clocked circuits 32 5.2. Storage 34 5.1. Cables 21 4.2. Compressors 23 4.3. Propagating safety 25 4.4. Endgame 26 4.5. The construction.3. Error-correcting codes 35 5.4. Refreshers 39 5.5. Exercises 48 6. Problems 49 7. Historical remarks 51
Reliability and Design Strength Limit Calculations on Diesel...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Predicting Thermal Stress in Diesel Particulate Filters Environmental Effects on Power Electronic Devices Effect of Machining Procedures on the Strength of Ceramics for Advanced...
Reliability and Design Strength Limit Calculations on Diesel Particulate
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn'tOrigin of ContaminationHubs+18,new2004_v1.3_5.0.zipFlorida4Visitors Chapter 5.1 (MarchFilters |
Reliability Compliance Management Specialist
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
(See Frequently Asked Questions for more information). Where would I be working? Western Area Power Administration, Corporate Services Office, Office of the Chief Operating Office, Risk and...
Common-Cause Failure Analysis for Reactor Protection System Reliability Studies
Gentillon, C.; Rasmuson, D.; Eide, S.; Wierman, T.
Analyses were performed of the safety-related performance of the reactor protection system (RPS) at U.S. Westinghouse and General Electric commercial reactors during the period 1984 through 1995. RPS operational data from these reactors were collected from the Nuclear Plant Reliability Data System (NPRDS) and Licensee Event Reports (LER). The common-cause failure (CCF) modeling in the fault trees developed for these studies and the analysis and use of common-cause failure data were sophisticated, state-of-the-art efforts. The overall CCF effort helped to test and expand the limits of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's CCF methodology.
Systems Analysis Programs for Hands-on Integrated Reliability Evaluations (SAPHIRE) Quality Assurance Manual
C. L. Smith; R. Nims; K. J. Kvarfordt; C. Wharton
The Systems Analysis Programs for Hands-on Integrated Reliability Evaluations (SAPHIRE) is a software application developed for performing a complete probabilistic risk assessment using a personal computer running the Microsoft Windows operating system. SAPHIRE is primarily funded by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The role of the INL in this project is that of software developer and tester. This development takes place using formal software development procedures and is subject to quality assurance (QA) processes. The purpose of this document is to describe how the SAPHIRE software QA is performed for Version 6 and 7, what constitutes its parts, and limitations of those processes.
Wind turbine reliability : a database and analysis approach.
Linsday, James (ARES Corporation); Briand, Daniel; Hill, Roger Ray; Stinebaugh, Jennifer A.; Benjamin, Allan S. (ARES Corporation)
The US wind Industry has experienced remarkable growth since the turn of the century. At the same time, the physical size and electrical generation capabilities of wind turbines has also experienced remarkable growth. As the market continues to expand, and as wind generation continues to gain a significant share of the generation portfolio, the reliability of wind turbine technology becomes increasingly important. This report addresses how operations and maintenance costs are related to unreliability - that is the failures experienced by systems and components. Reliability tools are demonstrated, data needed to understand and catalog failure events is described, and practical wind turbine reliability models are illustrated, including preliminary results. This report also presents a continuing process of how to proceed with controlling industry requirements, needs, and expectations related to Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety. A simply stated goal of this process is to better understand and to improve the operable reliability of wind turbine installations.
Systems reliability analysis for the national ignition facility
Majumdar, K.C.; Annese, C.E.; MacIntyre, A.T.; Sicherman, A.
A Reliability, Availability and Maintainability (RAM) analysis was initiated for the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The NIF is an inertial confinement fusion research facility designed to achieve controlled thermonuclear reaction; the preferred site for the NIF is the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The NIF RAM analysis has three purposes: (1) to allocate top level reliability and availability goals for the systems, (2) to develop an operability model for optimum maintainability, and (3) to determine the achievability of the allocated goals of the RAM parameters for the NIF systems and the facility operation as a whole. An allocation model assigns the reliability and availability goals for front line and support systems by a top-down approach; reliability analysis uses a bottom-up approach to determine the system reliability and availability from component level to system level.
Analysis of operational, institutional and international limitations for alternative fuel vehicles and technologies: Means/methods for implementing changes. [Public fleet groups--information needs
Not Available
This project focused upon the development of an approach to assist public fleet managers in evaluating the characteristics and availability of alternative fuels (AF's) and alternative fuel vehicles (AFV's) that will serve as possible replacements for vehicles currently serving the needs of various public entities. Also of concern were the institutional/international limitations for alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles. The City of Detroit and other public agencies in the Detroit area were the particular focus for the activities. As the development and initial stages of use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles proceeds, there will be an increasing need to provide information and guidance to decision-makers regarding differences in requirements and features of these fuels and vehicles. There wig be true differences in requirements for servicing, managing, and regulating. There will also be misunderstanding and misperception. There have been volumes of data collected on AFV'S, and as technology is improved, new data is constantly added. There are not, however, condensed and effective sources of information for public vehicle fleet managers on vehicle and equipment sources, characteristics, performance, costs, and environmental benefits. While theoretical modeling of public fleet requirements has been done, there do not seem to be readily available practical''. There is a need to provide the best possible information and means to minimize the problems for introducing the effective use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles.
Load Response Fundamentally Matches Power System Reliability Requirements
Kirby, Brendan J [ORNL] [ORNL
Responsive load is the most underutilized reliability resource available to the power system. Loads are frequently barred from providing the highest value and most critical reliability services; regulation and spinning reserve. Advances in communications and control technology now make it possible for some loads to provide both of these services. The limited storage incorporated in some loads better matches their response capabilities to the fast reliability-service markets than to the hourly energy markets. Responsive loads are frequently significantly faster and more accurate than generators, increasing power system reliability. Incorporating fast load response into microgrids further extends the reliability response capabilities that can be offered to the interconnected power system. The paper discusses the desired reliability responses, why this matches some loads' capabilities, what the advantages are for the power system, implications for communications and monitoring requirements, and how this resource can be exploited.
Instrumentation Report No. 3: performance and reliability of instrumentation deployed for the Spent Fuel Test - Climax
Patrick, W.C.; Rector, N.L.; Scarafiotti, J.J.
A demonstration of the short-term storage and subsequent retrieval of spent nuclear fuel assemblies was successfully completed at the US Department of Energy`s Nevada Test Site. Nearly 1000 instruments were deployed to monitor the temperature of rock, air, and metallic components of the test; displacements and stress changes within the rock mass; radiation dosage to personnel and to the rock; thermal energy input; characteristics of the ventilation airstream; and the operational status of the test. Careful selection, installation, calibration, and maintenance of these instruments ensured the acquisition of about 15.3 x 10{sup 6} high-quality data points. With few exceptions, the performance and reliability of the instrumentation and associated data acquisition system (DAS) were within specified acceptable limits. Details of the performance and reliability of the instrumentation are discussed in this report. 42 figs., 32 tabs.
Real Time Grid Reliability Management 2005
Eto, Joe; Eto, Joe; Lesieutre, Bernard; Lewis, Nancy Jo; Parashar, Manu
The increased need to manage California?s electricity grid in real time is a result of the ongoing transition from a system operated by vertically-integrated utilities serving native loads to one operated by an independent system operator supporting competitive energy markets. During this transition period, the traditional approach to reliability management -- construction of new transmission lines -- has not been pursued due to unresolved issues related to the financing and recovery of transmission project costs. In the absence of investments in new transmission infrastructure, the best strategy for managing reliability is to equip system operators with better real-time information about actual operating margins so that they can better understand and manage the risk of operating closer to the edge. A companion strategy is to address known deficiencies in offline modeling tools that are needed to ground the use of improved real-time tools. This project: (1) developed and conducted first-ever demonstrations of two prototype real-time software tools for voltage security assessment and phasor monitoring; and (2) prepared a scoping study on improving load and generator response models. Additional funding through two separate subsequent work authorizations has already been provided to build upon the work initiated in this project.
The Reliability Investigation on ACSR Splice Connector Systems Used in Overhead Power transmission Lines
Wang, Jy-An John [ORNL] [ORNL; Jiang, Hao [ORNL] [ORNL; Ren, Fei [ORNL] [ORNL
Due to material discontinuity and inherited forming mechanism from a crimped-type splice connector, the associated conductor-connector system is highly sensitive to system components aging, especially during high-temperature operations. Furthermore, due to the increase in power demand and limited investment in new infrastructure, existing overhead power transmission lines often need to operate at temperatures higher than the original designed values. This has led to the accelerated aging and degradation of conductor-connector systems. The implications of connector aging are two-fold: (1) significant increase in resistivity of the splice connector and (2) significant reduction in the connector clamping strength. Therefore, splice connectors are one of the weakest links in the electric power transmission infrastructure. In this paper we will discuss the reliability of splice connector systems, including both single stage and two stage splice connectors, used in ACSR conductor of transmission lines under high temperature operations.
Assessment of microelectronics packaging for high temperature, high reliability applications
Uribe, F.
This report details characterization and development activities in electronic packaging for high temperature applications. This project was conducted through a Department of Energy sponsored Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between Sandia National Laboratories and General Motors. Even though the target application of this collaborative effort is an automotive electronic throttle control system which would be located in the engine compartment, results of this work are directly applicable to Sandia`s national security mission. The component count associated with the throttle control dictates the use of high density packaging not offered by conventional surface mount. An enabling packaging technology was selected and thermal models defined which characterized the thermal and mechanical response of the throttle control module. These models were used to optimize thick film multichip module design, characterize the thermal signatures of the electronic components inside the module, and to determine the temperature field and resulting thermal stresses under conditions that may be encountered during the operational life of the throttle control module. Because the need to use unpackaged devices limits the level of testing that can be performed either at the wafer level or as individual dice, an approach to assure a high level of reliability of the unpackaged components was formulated. Component assembly and interconnect technologies were also evaluated and characterized for high temperature applications. Electrical, mechanical and chemical characterizations of enabling die and component attach technologies were performed. Additionally, studies were conducted to assess the performance and reliability of gold and aluminum wire bonding to thick film conductor inks. Kinetic models were developed and validated to estimate wire bond reliability.
Testing for PV Reliability (Presentation)
Kurtz, S.; Bansal, S.
The DOE SUNSHOT workshop is seeking input from the community about PV reliability and how the DOE might address gaps in understanding. This presentation describes the types of testing that are needed for PV reliability and introduces a discussion to identify gaps in our understanding of PV reliability testing.
Reliability assessment of autonomous power systems incorporating HVDC interconnection links
Dialynas, E.N.; Koskolos, N.C. [National Technical Univ., Athens (Greece). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering] [National Technical Univ., Athens (Greece). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Agoris, D. [Public Power Corp., Athens (Greece)] [Public Power Corp., Athens (Greece)
The objective of this paper is to present an improved computational method for the overall reliability assessment of autonomous power systems that may or may not contain HVdc interconnection links. This is a hybrid method based on a Monte-Carlo simulation sequential approach which incorporates an analytical approach for the reliability modeling of the HVdc transmission links. The developed models and techniques have been implemented into a computer program that can be used to simulate the operational practices and characteristics of the overall system under study efficiently and realistically. A set of reliability indices are calculated for each load-point of interest and the entire system while a set of additional indices is calculated for quantifying the reliability performance of the interconnection links under the specified operating requirements. The analysis of a practical system is also included for a number of studies representing its various operating and design characteristics.
Analysis of Failures of the LHC Collimators During the 2010-2013 Operation
Redaelli, S
The LHC collimation system must be available in all phases of the machine operation in order to handle the high stored beam energies. The system availability is therefore crucial to achieve an efficient LHC operation. The collimation system has proved to work reliably in the first years of LHC operation, with total stored energies up to 140 MJ. The impact on the machine availability has been very limited. The analysis of collimation system faults affecting the 2010-2013 LHC operation is reviewed with the aim to identify possible further improvements for the future.
Development of Reliability Function and Failure Rate Considering Information of Censored Data
Kwang-Won Ahn; Yoonik Kim; Chang-Hyun Chung [Seoul National University (Korea, Republic of)
Generally, there are two methods to estimate reliability of system or component failure in engineering, or survival function of patient death in medicine: 1) parametric and 2) non-parametric methods. The parametric method has been used widely since there is few data on severe accidents in nuclear power plants. However, if we have a lot of data on system failure or patient death, the non-parametric method could be used to estimate reliability or survival function. In this paper we focus on the latter case in which one problem arises in treating the data. The problem is how to reflects efficiently the censoring information into reliability or survival function. In this study, two works have been done: 1) develop the model to reflect censoring information and 2) show how efficient the model is using the Monte-Carlo Simulation. In the WASH-1400 (NUREG-75/014), Failure to Operate of Motor Operated Valves from Nuclear Experience is suggested 1 0{sup -3}/d. The new developed method can estimate closer to the failure rate 1 0{sup -3}/d than the other existing methods. Also the failure rate using the new method satisfies the conservative limit. (authors)
CERTS: Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions - Research Highlights
Eto, Joseph
Historically, the U.S. electric power industry was vertically integrated, and utilities were responsible for system planning, operations, and reliability management. As the nation moves to a competitive market structure, these functions have been disaggregated, and no single entity is responsible for reliability management. As a result, new tools, technologies, systems, and management processes are needed to manage the reliability of the electricity grid. However, a number of simultaneous trends prevent electricity market participants from pursuing development of these reliability tools: utilities are preoccupied with restructuring their businesses, research funding has declined, and the formation of Independent System Operators (ISOs) and Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs) to operate the grid means that control of transmission assets is separate from ownership of these assets; at the same time, business uncertainty, and changing regulatory policies have created a climate in which needed investment for transmission infrastructure and tools for reliability management has dried up. To address the resulting emerging gaps in reliability R&D, CERTS has undertaken much-needed public interest research on reliability technologies for the electricity grid. CERTS' vision is to: (1) Transform the electricity grid into an intelligent network that can sense and respond automatically to changing flows of power and emerging problems; (2) Enhance reliability management through market mechanisms, including transparency of real-time information on the status of the grid; (3) Empower customers to manage their energy use and reliability needs in response to real-time market price signals; and (4) Seamlessly integrate distributed technologies--including those for generation, storage, controls, and communications--to support the reliability needs of both the grid and individual customers.
Performance and Reliability of Interface Materials for Automotive Power Electronics (Presentation)
Narumanchi, S.; DeVoto, D.; Mihalic, M.; Paret, P.
Thermal management and reliability are important because excessive temperature can degrade the performance, life, and reliability of power electronics and electric motors. Advanced thermal management technologies enable keeping temperature within limits; higher power densities; and lower cost materials, configurations and systems. Thermal interface materials, bonded interface materials and the reliability of bonded interfaces are discussed in this presentation.
Improved Saltstone Facilities Restart Operations | Department...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
to provide a new and more reliable system to process larger amounts of decontaminated salt solution needed for future tank closure operations. Saltstone processs and disposes of...
Sandia National Laboratories: optimal solar asset operations...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
operations and maintenance Sandia-Electric Power Research Institute Partnership Publishes Photovoltaic Reliability Report On January 21, 2014, in Energy, Facilities, Grid...
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
RELIABILITY ANALYSIS IN A FAULT TOLERANT CONTROL STRATEGY DEDICATED TO ACTIVE POWER FILTER P. WEBER reliability indicate the optimal structure. Keywords: Fault Tolerant Control, System Reliability, Active power control and nuclear power plant operation (Zhang and Jiang, 2003). Various studies on FTC are based
Design and operating guidelines for nuclear power plant condensers
Not Available
Recommendations and associated technical justifications are provided for the design and operation of condensate polishing systems. Both deep bed and powdered resin system are addressed. The objective of the guidelines is to ensure that impurity levels in the PWR secondary cycle are reduced to the minimum achievable levels through proper design and operation of the condensate polisher system. Reduction of the condensate polisher to the steam generators has been demonstrated to improve steam generator reliability and limit corrosion of steam generator materials. 19 refs., 12 figs., 4 tabs.
Gross, George
MULTIAREA SYSTEM RELIABILITY: THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF SYSTEM SECURITY CRITERIA BY TEOMAN GULER B assessment studies and the quantification of the economics of secure power system operations security and the economics of secure operations in the competitive market environment. The advent
Design studies of nanometer-gate low-noise amplifier near the limits of CMOS scaling
Cai, Ming
electronics originate from the stringent requirements of small size and weight, low cost, long operating life and reliability
High Reliability R-10 Windows Using Vacuum Insulating Glass Units
Stark, David
The objective of this effort was for EverSealed Windows ("EverSealed" or "ESW") to design, assemble, thermally and environmentally test and demonstrate a Vacuum Insulating Glass Unit ("VIGU" or "VIG") that would enable a whole window to meet or exceed the an R-10 insulating value (U-factor ? 0.1). To produce a VIGU that could withstand any North American environment, ESW believed it needed to design, produce and use a flexible edge seal system. This is because a rigid edge seal, used by all other know VIG producers and developers, limits the size and/or thermal environment of the VIG to where the unit is not practical for typical IG sizes and cannot withstand severe outdoor environments. The rigid-sealed VIG's use would be limited to mild climates where it would not have a reasonable economic payback when compared to traditional double-pane or triple-pane IGs. ESW's goals, in addition to achieving a sufficiently high R-value to enable a whole window to achieve R-10, included creating a VIG design that could be produced for a cost equal to or lower than a traditional triple-pane IG (low-e, argon filled). ESW achieved these goals. EverSealed produced, tested and demonstrated a flexible edge-seal VIG that had an R-13 insulating value and the edge-seal system durability to operate reliably for at least 40 years in the harshest climates of North America.
Sandia National Laboratories: Inverter Reliability
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
in Hosted by Sandia National Laboratories and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Inverter reliability drives project life cycle costs and plant performance. This...
Sandia National Laboratories: Component Reliability
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
in Hosted by Sandia National Laboratories and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Inverter reliability drives project life cycle costs and plant performance. This...
2014 Human Reliability Program Workshop
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Announcing The Human Reliability Program Workshop Sponsored by Office of Security (AU-50), U.S Department of Energy In collaboration with NA, NE, EM and SC
Sandia National Laboratories: PV Reliability
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Reliability Sandia Research on PV Arc-Fault Detection Submitted for US Patent On March 4, 2015, in Computational Modeling & Simulation, Energy, Facilities, News, News & Events,...
Reliability Estimation for Double Containment Piping
L. Cadwallader; T. Pinna
Double walled or double containment piping is considered for use in the ITER international project and other next-generation fusion device designs to provide an extra barrier for tritium gas and other radioactive materials. The extra barrier improves confinement of these materials and enhances safety of the facility. This paper describes some of the design challenges in designing double containment piping systems. There is also a brief review of a few operating experiences of double walled piping used with hazardous chemicals in different industries. This paper recommends approaches for the reliability analyst to use to quantify leakage from a double containment piping system in conceptual and more advanced designs. The paper also cites quantitative data that can be used to support such reliability analyses.
Reliable Gas Turbine Output: Attaining Temperature Independent Performance
Neeley, J. E.; Patton, S.; Holder, F.
% of the electric system, could create reliability and operational problems. This paper explores the potential for maintaining constant, reliable outputs from gas turbines by cooling ambient air temperatures before the air is used in the compressor section... strides have been made in the development of both aircraft, aircraft-derivative, and industrial gas turbines. The Basic Cycle The basic gas turbine engine consists of a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine in series. The intake air is compressed...
Operational experience with superconducting synchrotron magnets
Martin, P.S.
The operational experience with the Fermilab Tevatron is presented, with emphasis on reliability and failure modes. Comprisons are made between the operating efficiencies for the superconducting machine and for he conventional Main Ring.
Sprott, Julien Clinton
experience little change while those using the electronic cutoff would drift due to ageing components and changing parameters. The first few shots using the electronic cutoff were less reliable than subsequentRELIABILITY OF CAPACITOR CHARGING UNITS Clint Sprott July 30, 1965 University of Wisconsin
Photovoltaic performance and reliability workshop
Mrig, L. [ed.
This workshop was the sixth in a series of workshops sponsored by NREL/DOE under the general subject of photovoltaic testing and reliability during the period 1986--1993. PV performance and PV reliability are at least as important as PV cost, if not more. In the US, PV manufacturers, DOE laboratories, electric utilities, and others are engaged in the photovoltaic reliability research and testing. This group of researchers and others interested in the field were brought together to exchange the technical knowledge and field experience as related to current information in this evolving field of PV reliability. The papers presented here reflect this effort since the last workshop held in September, 1992. The topics covered include: cell and module characterization, module and system testing, durability and reliability, system field experience, and standards and codes.
Individual Differences in Human Reliability Analysis
Jeffrey C. Joe; Ronald L. Boring
While human reliability analysis (HRA) methods include uncertainty in quantification, the nominal model of human error in HRA typically assumes that operator performance does not vary significantly when they are given the same initiating event, indicators, procedures, and training, and that any differences in operator performance are simply aleatory (i.e., random). While this assumption generally holds true when performing routine actions, variability in operator response has been observed in multiple studies, especially in complex situations that go beyond training and procedures. As such, complexity can lead to differences in operator performance (e.g., operator understanding and decision-making). Furthermore, psychological research has shown that there are a number of known antecedents (i.e., attributable causes) that consistently contribute to observable and systematically measurable (i.e., not random) differences in behavior. This paper reviews examples of individual differences taken from operational experience and the psychological literature. The impact of these differences in human behavior and their implications for HRA are then discussed. We propose that individual differences should not be treated as aleatory, but rather as epistemic. Ultimately, by understanding the sources of individual differences, it is possible to remove some epistemic uncertainty from analyses.
JRF (Quality, Reliability and Operations Research): 2013 INDIAN STATISTICAL INSTITUTE
Bandyopadhyay, Antar
Research, (E) Quality Management and Systems and (F) Mathematics. A broad coverage for each of the above), Queuing theory (M/M/s), Game theory (two person zero-sum game). E. Quality Management and Systems: Quality, Quality planning, Quality costs, Total qual- ity management, Six sigma, Quality management system concepts
Washington DC Reliability Requirements and the Need to Operate Mirant's
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742EnergyOn AprilA group currentBradley Nickell Director ofDepartment of EnergyPotomac River
Advancing Visibility of Grid Operations to Improve Reliability | Department
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742 33Frequently20,000 RussianBy:Whether you're a16-17, 201529, 2015LeadEnergyThe newFromof
Washington DC Reliability Requirements and the Need to Operate Mirant's
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742 33 1112011 Strategic2Uranium TransferonUS-IndiaVALUE STUDY4, 2009Department of,
Data Center Efficiency and IT Equipment Reliability at Wider Operating
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn't Your Destiny:Revised Finding of No53197 This work was performedEnergy
Advancing Visibility of Grid Operations to Improve Reliability | Department
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn't Your Destiny: The Future of1 AAcceleratedDepartmentDepartment2 DOEX-RayDepartment ofof
Photovoltaics performance and reliability workshop
Mrig, L. (ed.) [ed.
This document consists of papers and viewgraphs compiled from the proceedings of a workshop held in September 1992. This workshop was the fifth in a series sponsored by NREL/DOE under the general subject areas of photovoltaic module testing and reliability. PV manufacturers, DOE laboratories, electric utilities and others exchanged technical knowledge and field experience. The topics of cell and module characterization, module and system performance, materials and module durability/reliability research, solar radiation, and applications are discussed.
Photovoltaics performance and reliability workshop
Mrig, L. [ed.] [ed.
This document consists of papers and viewgraphs compiled from the proceedings of a workshop held in September 1992. This workshop was the fifth in a series sponsored by NREL/DOE under the general subject areas of photovoltaic module testing and reliability. PV manufacturers, DOE laboratories, electric utilities and others exchanged technical knowledge and field experience. The topics of cell and module characterization, module and system performance, materials and module durability/reliability research, solar radiation, and applications are discussed.
Fundamental mechanisms of micromachine reliability
Due to extreme surface to volume ratios, adhesion and friction are critical properties for reliability of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS), but are not well understood. In this LDRD the authors established test structures, metrology and numerical modeling to conduct studies on adhesion and friction in MEMS. They then concentrated on measuring the effect of environment on MEMS adhesion. Polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) is the primary material of interest in MEMS because of its integrated circuit process compatibility, low stress, high strength and conformal deposition nature. A plethora of useful micromachined device concepts have been demonstrated using Sandia National Laboratories' sophisticated in-house capabilities. One drawback to polysilicon is that in air the surface oxidizes, is high energy and is hydrophilic (i.e., it wets easily). This can lead to catastrophic failure because surface forces can cause MEMS parts that are brought into contact to adhere rather than perform their intended function. A fundamental concern is how environmental constituents such as water will affect adhesion energies in MEMS. The authors first demonstrated an accurate method to measure adhesion as reported in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2 through 5, they then studied the effect of water on adhesion depending on the surface condition (hydrophilic or hydrophobic). As described in Chapter 2, they find that adhesion energy of hydrophilic MEMS surfaces is high and increases exponentially with relative humidity (RH). Surface roughness is the controlling mechanism for this relationship. Adhesion can be reduced by several orders of magnitude by silane coupling agents applied via solution processing. They decrease the surface energy and render the surface hydrophobic (i.e. does not wet easily). However, only a molecular monolayer coats the surface. In Chapters 3-5 the authors map out the extent to which the monolayer reduces adhesion versus RH. They find that adhesion is independent of RH up to a threshold value, depending on the coating chemistry. The mechanism for the adhesion increase beyond this threshold value is that the coupling agent reconfigures from a surface to a bulk phase (Chapter 3). To investigate the details of how the adhesion increase occurs, the authors developed the mechanics for adhesion hysteresis measurements. These revealed that near-crack tip compression is the underlying cause of the adhesion increase (Chapter 4). A vacuum deposition chamber for silane coupling agent deposition was constructed. Results indicate that vapor deposited coatings are less susceptible to degradation at high RH (Chapter 5). To address issues relating to surfaces in relative motion, a new test structure to measure friction was developed. In contrast to other surface micromachined friction test structures, uniform apparent pressure is applied in the frictional contact zone (Chapter 6). The test structure will enable friction studies over a large pressure and dynamic range. In this LDRD project, the authors established an infrastructure for MEMS adhesion and friction metrology. They then characterized in detail the performance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic films under humid conditions, and determined mechanisms which limit this performance. These studies contribute to a fundamental understanding for MEMS reliability design rules. They also provide valuable data for MEMS packaging requirements.
MEMS Reliability: Infrastructure, Test Structures, Experiments, and Failure Modes
The burgeoning new technology of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) shows great promise in the weapons arena. We can now conceive of micro-gyros, micro-surety systems, and micro-navigators that are extremely small and inexpensive. Do we want to use this new technology in critical applications such as nuclear weapons? This question drove us to understand the reliability and failure mechanisms of silicon surface-micromachined MEMS. Development of a testing infrastructure was a crucial step to perform reliability experiments on MEMS devices and will be reported here. In addition, reliability test structures have been designed and characterized. Many experiments were performed to investigate failure modes and specifically those in different environments (humidity, temperature, shock, vibration, and storage). A predictive reliability model for wear of rubbing surfaces in microengines was developed. The root causes of failure for operating and non-operating MEMS are discussed. The major failure mechanism for operating MEMS was wear of the polysilicon rubbing surfaces. Reliability design rules for future MEMS devices are established.
FFTF (Fast Flux Test Facility) reactor shutdown system reliability reevaluation
Pierce, B.F.
The reliability analysis of the Fast Flux Test Facility reactor shutdown system was reevaluated. Failure information based on five years of plant operating experience was used to verify original reliability numbers or to establish new ones. Also, system modifications made subsequent to performance of the original analysis were incorporated into the reevaluation. Reliability calculations and sensitivity analyses were performed using a commercially available spreadsheet on a personal computer. The spreadsheet was configured so that future failures could be tracked and compared with expected failures. A number of recommendations resulted from the reevaluation including both increased and decreased surveillance intervals. All recommendations were based on meeting or exceeding existing reliability goals. Considerable cost savings will be incurred upon implementation of the recommendations.
Application of reliability concepts to the Nepal power system
Billinton, R.; Pandey, M.; Aboreshaid, S.; Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M. [Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (Canada). Power Systems Research Group
In many of the less industrialized countries throughout the world, reliability is incorporated in power system planning and operation using traditional deterministic techniques. This is the case with the Nepal Power System (NPS), where developed expansion plans have been based on non-probabilistic criteria. This paper illustrates the application of probabilistic methods to reliability evaluation of the NPS. Evaluations at both the generation and composite generation and transmission system levels have been performed. The overall system and nine major load centers have been assessed. These load points carry in total more than 54% of the system load. An assessment of an expansion plan proposed by the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) has been performed. The results indicate the reliability implications associated with the system and the proposed expansion plan, and show that quantitative reliability evaluation of the NPS is both possible and practical.
Constructing Reliable Distributed Communication Systems with CORBA
Schmidt, Douglas C.
Constructing Reliable Distributed Communication Systems with CORBA Silvano Maffeis Douglas C model to support reliable data- and process- oriented distributed systems that communicate through syn distributed object computing systems with CORBA. First, we examine the question of whether reliable applica
Toward Reliable and Efficient Reporting in Wireless Sensor Networks
Boutaba, Raouf
Bouabdallah, and Raouf Boutaba, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract--Energy efficiency is one of the major concerns and as the first main contribution, we derive the optimal number of reporting nodes Nopt energy that minimizes the energy consumed to report reliably the occurrence of an event. In other words, we prove that limiting
Thermal Reliability Study of Bypass Diodes in Photovoltaic Modules (Poster)
Zhang, Z.; Wohlgemuth, J.; Kurtz, S.
This paper presents the result of high-temperature durability and thermal cycling testing and analysis for the selected diodes to study the detail of the thermal design and relative long-term reliability of the bypass diodes used to limit the detrimental effects of module hot-spot susceptibility.
RF-MEMS capacitive switches with high reliability
Goldsmith, Charles L.; Auciello, Orlando H.; Carlisle, John A.; Sampath, Suresh; Sumant, Anirudha V.; Carpick, Robert W.; Hwang, James; Mancini, Derrick C.; Gudeman, Chris
A reliable long life RF-MEMS capacitive switch is provided with a dielectric layer comprising a "fast discharge diamond dielectric layer" and enabling rapid switch recovery, dielectric layer charging and discharging that is efficient and effective to enable RF-MEMS switch operation to greater than or equal to 100 billion cycles.
Distributed Reliable Object-Oriented Programming (DROOP)
Guerraoui, Rachid
Distributed Reliable Object-Oriented Programming (DROOP) P. Eugster November 3, 2003 Abstract with such failures, coining the term Distributed Reliable Object-Oriented Programming (DROOP). 1 SCOOP
Thermoelectric Materials By Design: Mechanical Reliability (Agreement...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
By Design: Mechanical Reliability (Agreement 14957) Thermoelectric Materials By Design: Mechanical Reliability (Agreement 14957) Presentation from the U.S. DOE Office of Vehicle...
PEEM Thermal Stress and Reliability (Presentation)
O'Keefe, M. P.
Advancing power electronics thermal stress and reliability is a critical factor in power electronics equipment. NREL aims to improve thermal stress and reliability of power electronics technologies.
Recommendations to Address Power Reliability Concerns Raised...
Reliability Concerns Raised as a Result of Pending Environmental Regulations for Electric Generation Stations Recommendations to Address Power Reliability Concerns Raised as a...
Sandia National Laboratories: photovoltaic plant reliability
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
photovoltaic plant reliability Sandia-Electric Power Research Institute Partnership Publishes Photovoltaic Reliability Report On January 21, 2014, in Energy, Facilities, Grid...
Sandia National Laboratories: national reliability database
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
national reliability database Third Annual Continuous Reliability Enhancement for Wind (CREW) Database Report Now Available On October 17, 2013, in Energy, News, News & Events,...
Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience,...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses (November 2014) Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses (November...
Estimation of All-Terminal Network Reliability Using an Artificial Neural Network Chat Srivaree-ratana and Alice E. Smith
Smith, Alice E.
Estimation of All-Terminal Network Reliability Using an Artificial Neural Network Chat Srivaree be forwarded) Submitted to Computers & Operations Research June 1999 #12;1 Estimation of All-Terminal Network or communications network topologies, a common reliability measure is all-terminal reliability, the probability
Microworlds, Simulators, and Simulation: Framework for a Benchmark of Human Reliability Data Sources
Ronald Boring; Dana Kelly; Carol Smidts; Ali Mosleh; Brian Dyre
In this paper, we propose a method to improve the data basis of human reliability analysis (HRA) by extending the data sources used to inform HRA methods. Currently, most HRA methods are based on limited empirical data, and efforts to enhance the empirical basis behind HRA methods have not yet yielded significant new data. Part of the reason behind this shortage of quality data is attributable to the data sources used. Data have been derived from unrelated industries, from infrequent risk-significant events, or from costly control room simulator studies. We propose a benchmark of four data sources: a simplified microworld simulator using unskilled student operators, a full-scope control room simulator using skilled student operators, a full-scope control room simulator using licensed commercial operators, and a human performance modeling and simulation system using virtual operators. The goal of this research is to compare findings across the data sources to determine to what extent data may be used and generalized from cost effective sources.
Infrared limit in external field scattering
Andrzej Herdegen
Scattering of electrons/positrons by external classical electromagnetic wave packet is considered in infrared limit. In this limit the scattering operator exists and produces physical effects, although the scattering cross-section is trivial.
Ris-R-1235(EN) Reliability Databases
.1 ISO standard: Gas and Oil - Collection of Reliability and Maintenance Data for Equipment 17 5.2 EDF standard for collection of reliability and maintenance data for equipment (also called MCD Mode et Cause judgements on new equipment reliability parameters or using standard values or standard reliability models (e
Assessing Reliability in Energy Supply Systems
McCarthy, Ryan; Ogden, Joan M.; Sperling, Dan
total of 15 metrics. Pathway reliability General objectives Adequacy Security Functional zones Primary energy supply
Assessing reliability in energy supply systems
McCarthy, Ryan W.; Ogden, Joan M.; Sperling, Daniel
total of 15 metrics. Pathway reliability General objectives Adequacy Security Functional zones Primary energy supply
The design of a reliable reputation system
Swamynathan, Gayatri; Almeroth, Kevin C.; Zhao, Ben Y.
reliability by spreading its transactions evenly across all 20 peers in the system (shown by Distribution
Photovoltaic performance and reliability workshop
Kroposki, B.
This proceedings is the compilation of papers presented at the ninth PV Performance and Reliability Workshop held at the Sheraton Denver West Hotel on September 4--6, 1996. This years workshop included presentations from 25 speakers and had over 100 attendees. All of the presentations that were given are included in this proceedings. Topics of the papers included: defining service lifetime and developing models for PV module lifetime; examining and determining failure and degradation mechanisms in PV modules; combining IEEE/IEC/UL testing procedures; AC module performance and reliability testing; inverter reliability/qualification testing; standardization of utility interconnect requirements for PV systems; need activities to separate variables by testing individual components of PV systems (e.g. cells, modules, batteries, inverters,charge controllers) for individual reliability and then test them in actual system configurations; more results reported from field experience on modules, inverters, batteries, and charge controllers from field deployed PV systems; and system certification and standardized testing for stand-alone and grid-tied systems.
Wind turbine reliability database update.
Peters, Valerie A.; Hill, Roger Ray; Stinebaugh, Jennifer A.; Veers, Paul S.
This report documents the status of the Sandia National Laboratories' Wind Plant Reliability Database. Included in this report are updates on the form and contents of the Database, which stems from a fivestep process of data partnerships, data definition and transfer, data formatting and normalization, analysis, and reporting. Selected observations are also reported.
study of in-the-field experience of electronics reliability. Tage Elm. Abstract. This report and internally) induced failures. The report is not meant to be merely an indication of the state of the art for the re- liability prediction methods we know, but also as a contribution to the investigation of man-machine
Reliability and Maintainability Issues for the Next Linear Collider
Wilson, Zane J.; Gold, Saul L.; Koontz, Ron F.; Lavine, Ted L.; /SLAC
Large accelerators for high energy physics research traditionally have been designed using informal best design, engineering, and management practices to achieve acceptable levels of operational availability. However, the Next Linear Collider(NLC) project presents a particular challenge for operational availability due to the unprecedented size and complexity of the accelerator systems required to achieve the physics goals of high center-of-mass energy and high luminosity. Formal reliability and maintainability analysis, design, and implementation will be required to achieve acceptable operational availability for the high energy physics research program. This paper introduces some of the basic concepts of reliability analysis and applies them to the 2.6-cm microwave power system of the two 10-km-long, 250-GeV linacs that are currently proposed for the NLC design.
Using wind plant data to increase reliability.
Peters, Valerie A. (Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA); Ogilvie, Alistair B.; McKenney, Bridget L.
Operators interested in improving reliability should begin with a focus on the performance of the wind plant as a whole. To then understand the factors which drive individual turbine performance, which together comprise the plant performance, it is necessary to track a number of key indicators. Analysis of these key indicators can reveal the type, frequency, and cause of failures and will also identify their contributions to overall plant performance. The ideal approach to using data to drive good decisions includes first determining which critical decisions can be based on data. When those required decisions are understood, then the analysis required to inform those decisions can be identified, and finally the data to be collected in support of those analyses can be determined. Once equipped with high-quality data and analysis capabilities, the key steps to data-based decision making for reliability improvements are to isolate possible improvements, select the improvements with largest return on investment (ROI), implement the selected improvements, and finally to track their impact.
Human Reliability Analysis for Digital Human-Machine Interfaces
Ronald L. Boring
This paper addresses the fact that existing human reliability analysis (HRA) methods do not provide guidance on digital human-machine interfaces (HMIs). Digital HMIs are becoming ubiquitous in nuclear power operations, whether through control room modernization or new-build control rooms. Legacy analog technologies like instrumentation and control (I&C) systems are costly to support, and vendors no longer develop or support analog technology, which is considered technologically obsolete. Yet, despite the inevitability of digital HMI, no current HRA method provides guidance on how to treat human reliability considerations for digital technologies.
ERTP: Energy-Efficient and Reliable Transport Protocol for Data Streaming in Wireless Sensor
New South Wales, University of
ERTP: Energy-Efficient and Reliable Transport Protocol for Data Streaming in Wireless Sensor applications in Wireless Sensor Networks require re- liable and energy-efficient transport protocols [17] [18 of minutes or hours), energy-efficiency is. Long-term operation and reliable delivery of the sensed data
Optimal Technology Selection and Operation of Microgrids in Commercial Buildings
Marnay, Chris; Venkataramanan, Giri; Stadler, Michael; Siddiqui, Afzal; Firestone, Ryan; Chandran, Bala
L ABORATORY Optimal Technology Selection and Operation ofEnvironmental Energy Technologies Division 15 January 2007for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions with funding
Radioisotope thermoelectric generator reliability and safety
Campbell, R.; Klein, J.
There are numerous occasions when a planetary mission requires energy in remote areas of the solar system. Anytime power is required much beyond Mars or the Asteroid Belts, solar power is not an option. The radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) was developed for such a mission requirement. It is a relatively small and lightweight power source that can produce power under adverse conditions. Just this type of source has become the backbone of the power system for far outer plant exploration. Voyagers I and II are utilizing RTGs, which will soon power the Galileo spacecraft to Jupiter and the Ulysses spacecraft to study the solar poles. The paper discusses RTG operation including thermoelectric design, converter design, general-purpose heat source; RTG reliability including design, testing, experience, and launch approval; and RTG safety issues and methods of ensuring safety.
Wind Power Reliability: Breaking Down a Barrier
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The steady increase of wind power on the grid presents new challenges for power system operators charged with making sure the grid stays up and running. "We need to ensure that we are going down a path that will lead to better reliability [with wind power]," said Bob Zavadil, an executive vice president at EnerNex Corporation in Knoxville, Tenn., a firm specializing in renewable energy grid interconnection and integration. "If this piece isn't done, there will be problems." EnerNex has spent the last decade perfecting wind turbine and plant models that test a wind plant's influence on the grid and its ability to provide grid support. In its latest effort, the company is using American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds worth $750,000 to develop documentation and validations of computer wind turbine models.
Human Reliability Analysis for Small Modular Reactors
Ronald L. Boring; David I. Gertman
Because no human reliability analysis (HRA) method was specifically developed for small modular reactors (SMRs), the application of any current HRA method to SMRs represents tradeoffs. A first- generation HRA method like THERP provides clearly defined activity types, but these activity types do not map to the human-system interface or concept of operations confronting SMR operators. A second- generation HRA method like ATHEANA is flexible enough to be used for SMR applications, but there is currently insufficient guidance for the analyst, requiring considerably more first-of-a-kind analyses and extensive SMR expertise in order to complete a quality HRA. Although no current HRA method is optimized to SMRs, it is possible to use existing HRA methods to identify errors, incorporate them as human failure events in the probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), and quantify them. In this paper, we provided preliminary guidance to assist the human reliability analyst and reviewer in understanding how to apply current HRA methods to the domain of SMRs. While it is possible to perform a satisfactory HRA using existing HRA methods, ultimately it is desirable to formally incorporate SMR considerations into the methods. This may require the development of new HRA methods. More practicably, existing methods need to be adapted to incorporate SMRs. Such adaptations may take the form of guidance on the complex mapping between conventional light water reactors and small modular reactors. While many behaviors and activities are shared between current plants and SMRs, the methods must adapt if they are to perform a valid and accurate analysis of plant personnel performance in SMRs.
Estimation of the reliability of heterolasers subjected to ageing under irradiation by a fast particle flux
Bogatov, Alexandr P; Kochetkov, A A; Konyaev, V P
Relations for estimating the reliability of heterolasers operating under irradiation conditions are calculated based on the probabilistic analysis. The accumulation of defects in their active regions is considered to be the physical cause of their failure. (lasers)
Service reliability measurement framework using smart card data : application to the London Underground
Uniman, David Louis
Service reliability is an important dimension of performance to transit passengers, affecting not only their perceptions of service quality, but their travel behaviour as well. The ability of transit operators to understand ...
SUBMITTED TO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, FEBRUARY 2002 1 Quantifying Transmission Reliability Margin
SUBMITTED TO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, FEBRUARY 2002 1 Quantifying Transmission, power transmission reliability, power system security, power system availability I. Introduction Bulk power transfer capability computations have many uses in electric power system operation and planning
Measuring journey time reliability in London using automated data collection systems
Schil, Mickaël (Mickaël René Jerôme)
Service reliability is critical for both users and operators of transit systems. The rapid spread of Automated Data Collection Systems, such as Automated Fare Collection (AFC) and Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL), provides ...
Gearbox Reliability Collaborative Bearing Calibration
van Dam, J.
NREL has initiated the Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC) to investigate the root cause of the low wind turbine gearbox reliability. The GRC follows a multi-pronged approach based on a collaborative of manufacturers, owners, researchers and consultants. The project combines analysis, field testing, dynamometer testing, condition monitoring, and the development and population of a gearbox failure database. At the core of the project are two 750kW gearboxes that have been redesigned and rebuilt so that they are representative of the multi-megawatt gearbox topology currently used in the industry. These gearboxes are heavily instrumented and are tested in the field and on the dynamometer. This report discusses the bearing calibrations of the gearboxes.
Power Reliability at BASF Corporation
Theising, T. R.
Power Reliability at BASF Corporation Thomas R. Theising Energy Systems Manager BASF Corporation ABSTRACT: Quality is defined not as what the supplier puts into the product but what the customer gets out and is willing to pay for. Power.... INTRODUCTION: BASF often identifies its? power quality by the effects it has on its ability to manufacture products. Improvements are made to remedy the power quality problems either through the elimination of the problems or through some means...
Power Reliability at BASF Corporation
Theising, T. R.
Power Reliability at BASF Corporation Thomas R. Theising Energy Systems Manager BASF Corporation ABSTRACT: Quality is defined not as what the supplier puts into the product but what the customer gets out and is willing to pay for. Power.... INTRODUCTION: BASF often identifies its? power quality by the effects it has on its ability to manufacture products. Improvements are made to remedy the power quality problems either through the elimination of the problems or through some means...
Operations and compositions in transrecursive operators
Burgin, M.S.; Borodyanskii, Yu.M.
The present study is a continuation of a study focusing on introduction and analysis of operations on transrecursive operators, which are similar to the operators considered in the theory of algorithms. Such operations may be standard product of algorithms) or special ({alpha}-disjunction and {alpha}-iteration. In some respects, these operations in the class of transrecursive operators are similar to their traditional analogs. In other respects, however, they are essentially different. For instance, they may have different types and modes. Specific features of operations on transrecursive operators are attributable to explicit omission of some restrictions on their construction compared with the construction of algorithms. The standard approaches to mathematical modeling of the concept of algorithm assume a number of essential restrictions. Specifically, they assume finiteness of (1) the input data arriving during a finite time interval; (2) the list of rules underlying the operations of the algorithm; (3) the transformations executed by a single operation; (4) the description of each rule; (5) the time to execute one operation; (6) the time to execute one operation; (7) the number of cycles that the algorithm executes in order to realize the mapping. In application to Turing machines, these restrictions imply finiteness of the initial word, finiteness of the command table of the read head, and ultimate stopping when the result is obtained after finitely many steps. Various classes of transrecursive operators are constructed by dropping various combinations of the {open_quotes}finiteness{close_quotes} restrictions. Two classes of transrecursive operators - the limit (inductive) Turing machines and transalgorithms - have been obtained by dropping respectively the assumption of finiteness of the number of execution cycles and the assumption of finiteness of the list of rules.
Microgrids and Heterogeneous Security, Quality, Reliability, and Availability
Marnay, Chris
and Energy Reliability, Distribution System Integrationand Energy Reliability, Distribution System Integration
Contingency Visualization for Real-Time Decision Support in Grid Operation
Huang, Zhenyu; Chen, Yousu; Greitzer, Frank L.; Eubank, Robert
Contingency analysis is a key function in control centers to assess the impact of various combinations of power system component failures based on state estimates. Today's practice analyzes only a limited set of contingency cases and lacks of capabilities in presenting the results in a way that is easy to be understood by grid operators in a short time frame of seconds to minutes. This limits the ability to operate the power grid for better reliability and efficiency. Faster analysis of more cases is required to safely and reliably operate today's power grids which have a less margin and more intermittent renewable energy sources. This paper explores the advancements in high performance computing and visual analytics for improving the computational speed and the information representation in contingency analysis. A framework of advanced contingency analysis is proposed. Case studies using the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed framework. Comparative assessment by real power grid operators has been performed as part of a WECC operator training class. The assessment results demonstrate the validity of the proposed contingency analysis and visualization approach.
Pushing beam currents to the limit
Stevenson, N.R.; Nortier, F.M.; Gelbart, W.Z.; Bloemhard, R.; Elzen, R. van den; Hunt, C.; Lofvendahl, J.; Orzechowski, J. [TRIUMF, British Columbia (Canada)
One of the cyclotron systems running at the Nordion Int. radioisotope production facility at TRIUMF is the EBCO TR30. This cyclotron produces up to 250 {mu}A on each of two beamlines simultaneously. Two solid (for the production of {sup 201}Tl, {sup 57}Co, {sup 67}Ga and {sup 111}In) and a gaseous (for producing {sup 123}I) target station are in routine operation on this facility. Since future projections indicate a greater demand for reliable radioisotope production there is a program underway to increase the output of the facility to double the present level. One way that this is being achieved is through a careful thermal analysis of the solid target system to maximize its performance. In conjunction with this, the authors have developed and tested a 500 {mu}A upgrade of the solid target system. Gas targets are being investigated for possible ways of increasing the efficiency of production via rotating/sweeping beams which allow higher beam currents. Finally, the TR30 cyclotron is being upgraded to deliver 50-100% more beam on target. By pushing both the cyclotron and target technology to the limit will produce significantly higher levels of radioisotopes than many other comparable facilities.
Magnet reliability in the Fermilab Main Injector and implications for the ILC
Tartaglia, M.A.; Blowers, J.; Capista, D.; Harding, D.J.; Kiemschies, O.; Rahimzadeh-Kalaleh, S.; Tompkins, J.C.; /Fermilab
The International Linear Collider reference design requires over 13000 magnets, of approximately 135 styles, which must operate with very high reliability. The Fermilab Main Injector represents a modern machine with many conventional magnet styles, each of significant quantity, that has now accumulated many hundreds of magnet-years of operation. We review here the performance of the magnets built for this machine, assess their reliability and categorize the failure modes, and discuss implications for reliability of similar magnet styles expected to be used at the ILC.
Krings, Axel W.
ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE SURVIVABILITY, INHERENT LIMITATIONS, OBSTACLES AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES technologically complex society makes our homeland security even more vulnerable. Therefore, knowing how vulnerable such systems are is essential to improving their intrinsic reliability/survivability (in
Comparison of reliability performance of group connected and conventional HVDC transmission systems
Kuruganty, S. [Univ. of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND (United States). Dept. of Electrical Engineering] [Univ. of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND (United States). Dept. of Electrical Engineering
A group connected HVDC transmission scheme is a variant of the unit connection where instead of a single generator, a group of generators are directly connected to the converter. Studies conducted in the past indicated that significant cost reduction can be achieved using this scheme. This is mainly due to the elimination of many components which results in considerable capital and operating cost savings to the utility. Concerns regarding the reliability performance of unit connected schemes were raised, however, there has not been a detailed reliability study conducted. This paper addresses the reliability evaluation aspect of a group connected scheme and compares the reliability performance of the group connected scheme with that of the conventional common collector system. Reliability models for both schemes were developed using a hypothetical system model based on the Nelson River system. Practical system component outage data was used to examine the reliability performance of both schemes.
Statistical Modeling of Photovoltaic Reliability Using Accelerated Degradation Techniques (Poster)
Lee, J.; Elmore, R.; Jones, W.
We introduce a cutting-edge life-testing technique, accelerated degradation testing (ADT), for PV reliability testing. The ADT technique is a cost-effective and flexible reliability testing method with multiple (MADT) and Step-Stress (SSADT) variants. In an environment with limited resources, including equipment (chambers), test units, and testing time, these techniques can provide statistically rigorous prediction of lifetime and other interesting parameters, such as failure rate, warranty time, mean time to failure, degradation rate, activation energy, acceleration factor, and upper limit level of stress. J-V characterization can be used for degradation data and the generalized Eyring model can be used for the thermal-humidity stress condition. The SSADT model can be constructed based on the cumulative damage model (CEM), which assumes that the remaining test united are failed according to cumulative density function of current stress level regardless of the history on previous stress levels.
Electric Power Reliability in Chemical Plants
Cross, M. B.
The quality and reliability of utility-generated electric power is presently receiving a great deal of attention from the chemical and refining industry. What changes have taken place to make electric power reliability a major topic of discussion...
Arnold Schwarzenegger REAL-TIME GRID RELIABILITY
Energy Research (PIER) California Energy Commission Beth Chambers Contract Manager Jamie Patterson (VSA) prototype to monitor system voltage conditions and provide real time dispatchers with reliabilityArnold Schwarzenegger Governor REAL-TIME GRID RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT California ISO Real
Data Communication Principles Reliable Data Transfer
Ramkumar, Mahalingam
Data Communication Principles Switching Reliable Data Transfer Data Communication Basics Mahalingam Ramkumar Mississippi State University, MS September 8, 2014 Ramkumar CSE 4153 / 6153 #12;Data Communication Principles Switching Reliable Data Transfer 1 Data Communication Principles Data Rate of a Communication
Reliability Analysis of Microelectronic Components and Materials
Berlin,Technische Universität
1 Reliability Analysis of Microelectronic Components and Materials Increasing numbers on the structural integrity of embedded micro- electronic components and assemblies. Improved knowledge and modeling methods are critical for the reliable use of electronic packages. In particular, since the advent
Electric Power Reliability in Chemical Plants
Cross, M. B.
at plants across the country? Has the quality and reliability of utility-generated power deteriorated over the past five or ten years? Or, has the perception of what constitutes reliable power changed with the advent, installation, and increasing usage...
Reliability modeling and evaluation of HVDC power transmission systems
Dialynas, E.N.; Koskolos, N.C. (National Technical Univ., Athens (Greece). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering)
The objective of this paper is to present an improved computational method for evaluating the reliability indices of HVdc transmission systems. The developed models and computational techniques are described. These can be used to simulate the operational practices and characteristics of a system under study efficiently and realistically. This method is based on the failure modes and effects analysis and uses the event tree method and the minimal cut set approach to represent the system's operational behavior and deduce the appropriate system's failure modes. A set of five reliability indices is evaluated for each output node being analyzed together with the probability and frequency of encountering particular regions of system performance levels. The analysis of an assumed HVdc bipolar transmission system is also included.
Reliability Challenges for Solar Energy (Presentation)
Kurtz, S.
Presentation that reviews reliability issues related to various types of photovoltaic tecnnologies, including crystalline silicon, thin films, and concentrating PV.
Rathbun, Julie A.
point (A) to (F). The block diagram also defines the reliability functions for the purpose of FMEA 1
Beckermann, Christoph
RELIABILITY-BASED CASTING PROCESS DESIGN OPTIMIZATION Richard Hardin1 , K.K. Choi1 , and Christoph 52242-1527 Keywords: Casting Process Design, Optimization, Reliability-Based Design Optimization purpose reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) software tool previously developed at the University
Review of Quantitative Software Reliability Methods
Chu, T.L.; Yue, M.; Martinez-Guridi, M.; Lehner, J.
The current U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) licensing process for digital systems rests on deterministic engineering criteria. In its 1995 probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) policy statement, the Commission encouraged the use of PRA technology in all regulatory matters to the extent supported by the state-of-the-art in PRA methods and data. Although many activities have been completed in the area of risk-informed regulation, the risk-informed analysis process for digital systems has not yet been satisfactorily developed. Since digital instrumentation and control (I&C) systems are expected to play an increasingly important role in nuclear power plant (NPP) safety, the NRC established a digital system research plan that defines a coherent set of research programs to support its regulatory needs. One of the research programs included in the NRC's digital system research plan addresses risk assessment methods and data for digital systems. Digital I&C systems have some unique characteristics, such as using software, and may have different failure causes and/or modes than analog I&C systems; hence, their incorporation into NPP PRAs entails special challenges. The objective of the NRC's digital system risk research is to identify and develop methods, analytical tools, and regulatory guidance for (1) including models of digital systems into NPP PRAs, and (2) using information on the risks of digital systems to support the NRC's risk-informed licensing and oversight activities. For several years, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has worked on NRC projects to investigate methods and tools for the probabilistic modeling of digital systems, as documented mainly in NUREG/CR-6962 and NUREG/CR-6997. However, the scope of this research principally focused on hardware failures, with limited reviews of software failure experience and software reliability methods. NRC also sponsored research at the Ohio State University investigating the modeling of digital systems using dynamic PRA methods. These efforts, documented in NUREG/CR-6901, NUREG/CR-6942, and NUREG/CR-6985, included a functional representation of the system's software but did not explicitly address failure modes caused by software defects or by inadequate design requirements. An important identified research need is to establish a commonly accepted basis for incorporating the behavior of software into digital I&C system reliability models for use in PRAs. To address this need, BNL is exploring the inclusion of software failures into the reliability models of digital I&C systems, such that their contribution to the risk of the associated NPP can be assessed.
High temperature superconducting fault current limiter
Hull, J.R.
A fault current limiter for an electrical circuit is disclosed. The fault current limiter includes a high temperature superconductor in the electrical circuit. The high temperature superconductor is cooled below its critical temperature to maintain the superconducting electrical properties during operation as the fault current limiter. 15 figs.
High temperature superconducting fault current limiter
Hull, John R. (Hinsdale, IL)
A fault current limiter (10) for an electrical circuit (14). The fault current limiter (10) includes a high temperature superconductor (12) in the electrical circuit (14). The high temperature superconductor (12) is cooled below its critical temperature to maintain the superconducting electrical properties during operation as the fault current limiter (10).
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Operations and Maintenance Operations OASIS: OATI (Note: this site is not hosted by Western and requires a digital certificate and login for full access.) Contact Information...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Rates Operations & Maintenance Operations OASIS: WACM (Note: this site is not hosted by Western and requires a digital certificate and login for full access.) wesTTrans Common...
Improve Claus simulation by integrating kinetic limitations into equilibrium calculations
Wen, T.C.
Since all existing Claus simulators are based on equilibrium calculations, it is not surprising that the simulation results, including the overall sulfur yield, air to acid gas ratio, and stream compositions are somewhat different from the plant data. One method for improving the simulation is to consider the kinetic limitations in the Claus reactions. This has been accomplished in this work by integrating kinetic considerations into equilibrium calculations. Kinetic limitations have been introduced in both the Claus reaction furnace and the catalytic converters. An interactive computer program SULPLT Version 3 was written to implement the proposed modifications. The computer program was used to simulate the Claus furnace, catalytic converters, and the effect of air to acid gas ratio on sulfur recovery to check against literature data. Three Claus plants for which data exist have also been simulated. The results show that the proposed model predicts sulfur recovery, sulfur emission, optimal air to acid gas ratio, and various stream compositions more accurately than the equilibrium model. The proposed model appears to be valid, reliable, and applicable over a wide range of operating conditions (acid gas feeds ranging from 13% to 95% H/sub 2/S with different levels of impurities). The methodology developed in this study should be applicable to any reaction systems where kinetic limitations are important but where equilibrium still prevails.
Reliability Estimates for Power Supplies
Lee C. Cadwallader; Peter I. Petersen
Failure rates for large power supplies at a fusion facility are critical knowledge needed to estimate availability of the facility or to set priorties for repairs and spare components. A study of the "failure to operate on demand" and "failure to continue to operate" failure rates has been performed for the large power supplies at DIII-D, which provide power to the magnet coils, the neutral beam injectors, the electron cyclotron heating systems, and the fast wave systems. When one of the power supplies fails to operate, the research program has to be either temporarily changed or halted. If one of the power supplies for the toroidal or ohmic heating coils fails, the operations have to be suspended or the research is continued at de-rated parameters until a repair is completed. If one of the power supplies used in the auxiliary plasma heating systems fails the research is often temporarily changed until a repair is completed. The power supplies are operated remotely and repairs are only performed when the power supplies are off line, so that failure of a power supply does not cause any risk to personnel. The DIII-D Trouble Report database was used to determine the number of power supply faults (over 1,700 reports), and tokamak annual operations data supplied the number of shots, operating times, and power supply usage for the DIII-D operating campaigns between mid-1987 and 2004. Where possible, these power supply failure rates from DIII-D will be compared to similar work that has been performed for the Joint European Torus equipment. These independent data sets support validation of the fusion-specific failure rate values.
Experimental reactor system for investigation of indirect liquefaction catalysts in slurry phase operation
Zarochak, M.F.; Pennline, H.W.; Schehl, R.R.
A detailed description of the slurry (three-phase) reactor scheme employed at the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is reported. Emphasis is placed on materials of construction, equipment operation, and product collection and analysis. The unit's functional limits and safety features are also provided. Operational problems and the resolving remedial action are discussed. The reactor scheme now operates such that near isothermal conditions exist over the reactor internal length. Thus, with excellent temperature control assured, reliable information for evaluation of potential catalyst candidates for slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is possible within a wide range of operating conditions. Test results with a fused-iron catalyst suspended in a paraffinic liquid medium are given as an example.
Smith, Alice E.
is not known. Instead, we consider the more realistic assumption of discrete cost-reliability data sets expressions for cost-reliability curves, we consider discrete cost-reliability data sets for each componentOPTIMAL RELIABILITY ALLOCATION IN SERIES-PARALLEL SYSTEMS FROM COMPONENTS' DISCRETE COST
Software reliability models for critical applications
Pham, H.; Pham, M.
This report presents the results of the first phase of the ongoing EG G Idaho, Inc. Software Reliability Research Program. The program is studying the existing software reliability models and proposes a state-of-the-art software reliability model that is relevant to the nuclear reactor control environment. This report consists of three parts: (1) summaries of the literature review of existing software reliability and fault tolerant software reliability models and their related issues, (2) proposed technique for software reliability enhancement, and (3) general discussion and future research. The development of this proposed state-of-the-art software reliability model will be performed in the second place. 407 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.
Software reliability models for critical applications
Pham, H.; Pham, M.
This report presents the results of the first phase of the ongoing EG&G Idaho, Inc. Software Reliability Research Program. The program is studying the existing software reliability models and proposes a state-of-the-art software reliability model that is relevant to the nuclear reactor control environment. This report consists of three parts: (1) summaries of the literature review of existing software reliability and fault tolerant software reliability models and their related issues, (2) proposed technique for software reliability enhancement, and (3) general discussion and future research. The development of this proposed state-of-the-art software reliability model will be performed in the second place. 407 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Process Limits Process Limits Limit Hard Soft core file size (blocks) 0 unlimited data seg size (kbytes) unlimited unlimited scheduling priority 0 0 file size (blocks) unlimited...
Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability | Department of Energy
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability information about the delivery of electricity and energy reliability Electricity Delivery...
Microgrids and Heterogeneous Security, Quality, Reliability, and Availability
Marnay, Chris
quality, reliability, and availability," IEEE Power & EnergyReliability, and Availability Chris Marnay EnvironmentalQuality, Reliability, and Availability C. Marnay Ernest
Reliable computation of homogeneous azeotropes
Maier, R.W.; Brennecke, J.F.; Stadtherr, M.A. [Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering] [Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
It is important to determine the existence and composition of homogeneous azeotropes in the analysis of phase behavior and in the synthesis and design of separation systems, from both theoretical and practical standpoints. A new method for reliably locating any and all homogeneous azeotropes for multicomponent mixtures is presented. The method also verifies the nonexistence of homogeneous azeotropes if none are present. The method is based on interval analysis, in particular an interval-Newton/generalized-bisection-algorithm providing a mathematical and computational guarantee that all azeotropes are located. This general-purpose technique can be applied in connection with any thermodynamic models. The technique is illustrated in several example problems using the Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC activity-coefficient models.
Quantifying transmission reliability margin J. Zhang, I. Dobson*, F.L. Alvarado
Dobson, Ian
, it is likely that the power system will remain secure despite the uncertainty. The transmission reliability uses in electric power system operation and planning. In the operation of bilateral markets, available capability can be used to assess power system security when local power sources are replaced by imported
Thermomechanical Reliability Investigation of Large Temperature Excursions in Power Electronics Packages
Ning, Puqi [ORNL; Wang, Fei [ORNL; Ngo, Khai [Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech)
This study confirms that high stresses between the metallization layer and ceramic lead to significant failures in DBC substrate. The driving forces behind several different failure modes are discussed. Further understanding of these failure mechanisms enables the modules to be engineered for longtime operation and helps to enhance the reliability of system-level operation.
High-performance, high-reliability tape storage for midrange and server-based environments
operations can take advan- tage of lower cost tape storage. With an industry-leading design that enables repetitive handling by automated pickers or human operators, thus protecting the tape from the physical, provide unparalleled time-to-data levels and reliability. Magstar MP Fast Access Linear Tape family
Computational Thermochemistry and Benchmarking of Reliable Methods
Feller, David F.; Dixon, David A.; Dunning, Thom H.; Dupuis, Michel; McClemore, Doug; Peterson, Kirk A.; Xantheas, Sotiris S.; Bernholdt, David E.; Windus, Theresa L.; Chalasinski, Grzegorz; Fosada, Rubicelia; Olguim, Jorge; Dobbs, Kerwin D.; Frurip, Donald; Stevens, Walter J.; Rondan, Nelson; Chase, Jared M.; Nichols, Jeffrey A.
During the first and second years of the Computational Thermochemistry and Benchmarking of Reliable Methods project, we completed several studies using the parallel computing capabilities of the NWChem software and Molecular Science Computing Facility (MSCF), including large-scale density functional theory (DFT), second-order Moeller-Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory, and CCSD(T) calculations. During the third year, we continued to pursue the computational thermodynamic and benchmarking studies outlined in our proposal. With the issues affecting the robustness of the coupled cluster part of NWChem resolved, we pursued studies of the heats-of-formation of compounds containing 5 to 7 first- and/or second-row elements and approximately 10 to 14 hydrogens. The size of these systems, when combined with the large basis sets (cc-pVQZ and aug-cc-pVQZ) that are necessary for extrapolating to the complete basis set limit, creates a formidable computational challenge, for which NWChem on NWMPP1 is well suited.
Gearbox Reliability Collaborative Update (Presentation)
Keller, J.; McDade, M.; LaCava, W.; Guo, Y.; Sheng, S.
Understand and isolate sources of gearbox failures; Improve understanding of internal loads and response; Normal operation and transients; Improve analysis tools to accurately simulate response; Improve ability to reproduce field response in dyno testing; Evaluate how CM augments design and O and M.
Multi-unit operations considerations.
Gilmore, Walter E. (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM); Bennett, Thomas C. (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM); Brannon, Nathan Gregory
Several nuclear weapons programs have or are pursuing the implementation of multi-unit operations for tasks such as disassembly and inspection, and rebuild. A multi-unit operation is interpreted to mean the execution of nuclear explosive operating procedures in a single facility by two separate teams of technicians. The institution of a multi-unit operations program requires careful consideration of the tools, resources, and environment provided to the technicians carrying out the work. Therefore, a systematic approach is necessary to produce safe, secure, and reliable processes. In order to facilitate development of a more comprehensive multi-unit operations program, the current work details categorized issues that should be addressed prior to the implementation of multi-unit operations in a given weapons program. The issues have been organized into the following categories: local organizational conditions, work process flow/material handling/workplace configuration, ambient environmental conditions, documented safety analysis, and training.
Managing electricity reliability risk through the futures markets
Siddiqui, Afzal S.
In competitive electricity markets, the vertically integrated utilities that were responsible for ensuring system reliability in their own service territories, or groups of territories, often cease to exist. Typically, the burden falls to an independent system operator (ISO) to insure that enough ancillary services (AS) are available for safe, stable, and reliable operation of the grid, typically defined, in part, as compliance with officially approved engineering specifications for minimum levels of AS. In order to characterize the behavior of market participants (generators, retailers, and an ISO) in a competitive electricity market with reliability requirements, we model a spot market for electricity and futures markets for both electricity and AS. By assuming that each participant seeks to maximize its expected utility of wealth and that all markets clear, we solve for the optional quantities of electricity and AS traded in each market by all participants, as well as the corresponding market-clearing prices. We show that future prices for both electricity and AS depend on expectations of the spot price, statistical aspects of system demand, and production cost parameters. More important, our model captures the fact that electricity and AS are substitute products for the generators, implying that anticipated changes in the spot market will affect the equilibrium futures positions of both electricity and AS. We apply our model to the California electricity and AS markets to test its viability.
Switchover software reliability estimate for Paducah Freezer/Sublimer computer systems
Flanagan, D.M.; Davis, J.N.
K-25 Engineering Division purchased a series of redundant computer systems and developed software for the purpose of providing continuous process monitoring and control for the Freezer/Sublimer equipment in the gaseous diffusion process at the Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant. The application software is loaded on two central processing units (CPU) so that in the event of a failure of the primary unit, the processing can switch to the backup unit and continue processing without error. It is the purpose of this document to demonstrate the reliability of this system with respect to its ability to switch properly between redundant CPU. The total reliability estimation problem -- which considers the computer hardware, the operating system software, and the application software -- has been reduced to one that considers only the application software directly involved in the switchover process. Estimates are provided for software reliability and the testing coverage. Software and hardware reliability models and reliability growth models are considered in addition to Bayesian approaches.
General Order Ensuring Reliable Electric Service (Louisiana)
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The standards set forth herein have been developed to provide consumers, the Louisiana Public Service Commission, and jurisdictional electric utilities with a uniform method of ensuring reliable...
Thermoelectric Materials By Design: Mechanical Reliability (Agreement...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
enable improvements in TE device design, optimization, and maximum reliability. * Next year will involve: - Continued TE material database generation. - TE modeling and...
Improving Wind Turbine Gearbox Reliability: Preprint
Musial, W.; Butterfield, S.; McNiff, B.
This paper describes a new research and development initiative to improve gearbox reliability in wind turbines begun at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado, USA.
RTI International Develops SSL Luminaire Reliability Model |...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
is developing and validating accelerated life testing (ALT) methodologies and a reliability model for predicting the lifetime of integrated solid-state lighting...
Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
(PSA) program provides expert technical assistance to states, tribes and regions on electricity policies, programs and market mechanisms that increase access to reliable,...
Sandia National Laboratories: Inverter Reliablity Program
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
simulations to look for corresponding changes in behavioral parameters of ... Inverter Reliability Program On December 18, 2012, in As scientists and engineers improve the...
Sandia National Laboratories: PV Systems Reliability
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fluid phenomena of internal inverter components, and their impact on ... Inverter Reliability Program On December 18, 2012, in As scientists and engineers improve the...
NORTH AMERICAN ELECTRIC RELIABILITY COUNCIL: Preliminary Disturbance...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
Preliminary Disturbance Report The following information represents a partial sequence of events based upon Reliability Coordinator information available to NERC. It is not...
Sandia Energy - Continuous Reliability Enhancement for Wind ...
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Enhancement for Wind (CREW): Project Update Home Renewable Energy Energy News Wind Energy News & Events Systems Analysis Continuous Reliability Enhancement for Wind (CREW):...
Comments of North American Electric Reliability Corporation ...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
currently developing a report, entitled "Reliability Consideration from Integration of Smart Grid" that will address many of the issues raised in the DOE RFI. North American...
Sandia National Laboratories: Materials & Manufacturing Reliability...
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Materials & Manufacturing Reliability Program Biofouling Studies on Sandia's Marine Hydrokinetic Coatings Initiated at PNNL's Sequim Bay On June 26, 2014, in Energy, Materials...
An Overview of the Reliable Server Pooling Architecture Thomas Dreibholz (email@example.com)
Dreibholz, Thomas
An Overview of the Reliable Server Pooling Architecture Thomas Dreibholz (dreibh to fulfil the availability requirements of SS7: reliable server pooling (RSer- Pool). RSerPool is currently simulation model. We provide simulation results showing limitations of the server selection procedures
Competition and Reliability in North American Electricity Markets...
Electricity Markets Technical Workshop Competition and Reliability in North American Electricity Markets Technical Workshop Competition and Reliability in North American...
PV Performance and Reliability Validation Capabilities at Sandia...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Performance and Reliability Validation Capabilities at Sandia National Laboratories PV Performance and Reliability Validation Capabilities at Sandia National Laboratories This...
Waste tank characterization sampling limits
Tusler, L.A.
This document is a result of the Plant Implementation Team Investigation into delayed reporting of the exotherm in Tank 241-T-111 waste samples. The corrective actions identified are to have immediate notification of appropriate Tank Farm Operations Shift Management if analyses with potential safety impact exceed established levels. A procedure, WHC-IP-0842 Section 12.18, ``TWRS Approved Sampling and Data Analysis by Designated Laboratories`` (WHC 1994), has been established to require all tank waste sampling (including core, auger and supernate) and tank vapor samples be performed using this document. This document establishes levels for specified analysis that require notification of the appropriate shift manager. The following categories provide numerical values for analysis that may indicate that a tank is either outside the operating specification or should be evaluated for inclusion on a Watch List. The information given is intended to translate an operating limit such as heat load, expressed in Btu/hour, to an analysis related limit, in this case cesium-137 and strontium-90 concentrations. By using the values provided as safety flags, the analytical laboratory personnel can notify a shift manager that a tank is in potential violation of an operating limit or that a tank should be considered for inclusion on a Watch List. The shift manager can then take appropriate interim measures until a final determination is made by engineering personnel.
Evaluation of MHTGR fuel reliability
Wichner, R.P. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Barthold, W.P. [Barthold Associates, Inc., Knoxville, TN (United States)
Modular High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (MHTGR) concepts that house the reactor vessel in a tight but unsealed reactor building place heightened importance on the reliability of the fuel particle coatings as fission product barriers. Though accident consequence analyses continue to show favorable results, the increased dependence on one type of barrier, in addition to a number of other factors, has caused the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to consider conservative assumptions regarding fuel behavior. For this purpose, the concept termed ``weak fuel`` has been proposed on an interim basis. ``Weak fuel`` is a penalty imposed on consequence analyses whereby the fuel is assumed to respond less favorably to environmental conditions than predicted by behavioral models. The rationale for adopting this penalty, as well as conditions that would permit its reduction or elimination, are examined in this report. The evaluation includes an examination of possible fuel-manufacturing defects, quality-control procedures for defect detection, and the mechanisms by which fuel defects may lead to failure.
Reliability estimates for selected sensors in fusion applications
Cadwallader, L.C.
This report presents the results of a study to define several types of sensors in use, the qualitative reliability (failure modes) and quantitative reliability (average failure rates) for these types of process sensors. Temperature, pressure, flow, and level sensors are discussed for water coolant and for cryogenic coolants. The failure rates that have been found are useful for risk assessment and safety analysis. Repair times and calibration intervals are also given when found in the literature. All of these values can also be useful to plant operators and maintenance personnel. Designers may be able to make use of these data when planning systems. The final chapter in this report discusses failure rates for several types of personnel safety sensors, including ionizing radiation monitors, toxic and combustible gas detectors, humidity sensors, and magnetic field sensors. These data could be useful to industrial hygienists and other safety professionals when designing or auditing for personnel safety.
Issues in benchmarking human reliability analysis methods : a literature review.
Lois, Erasmia (US Nuclear Regulatory Commission); Forester, John Alan; Tran, Tuan Q. (Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID); Hendrickson, Stacey M. Langfitt; Boring, Ronald L. (Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID)
There is a diversity of human reliability analysis (HRA) methods available for use in assessing human performance within probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). Due to the significant differences in the methods, including the scope, approach, and underlying models, there is a need for an empirical comparison investigating the validity and reliability of the methods. To accomplish this empirical comparison, a benchmarking study is currently underway that compares HRA methods with each other and against operator performance in simulator studies. In order to account for as many effects as possible in the construction of this benchmarking study, a literature review was conducted, reviewing past benchmarking studies in the areas of psychology and risk assessment. A number of lessons learned through these studies are presented in order to aid in the design of future HRA benchmarking endeavors.
Reliability analysis for wind turbines with incomplete failure data collected from after the date of initial installation
McCalley, James D.
Reliability analysis for wind turbines with incomplete failure data collected from after the date model Maximum likelihood Least squares Wind turbines a b s t r a c t Reliability has an impact on wind analysis. In wind energy industry, wind farm operators have greater interest in recording wind turbine
Development of Characterization Tools for Reliability Testing of MicroElectroMechanical System Actuators
Allen, James J.; Eaton, William P.; Smith, Norman F.; Tanner, Danelle M.
Characterization tools have been developed to study the performance characteristics and reliability of surface micromachined actuators. These tools include (1) the ability to electrically stimulate or stress the actuator, (2) the capability to visually inspect the devices in operation, (3) a method for capturing operational information, and (4) a method to extract performance characteristics from the operational information. Additionally, a novel test structure has been developed to measure electrostatic forces developed by a comb drive actuator.
Wind energy Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) : data collection recommendations for reliability analysis.
Peters, Valerie A.; Ogilvie, Alistair B.
This report addresses the general data requirements for reliability analysis of fielded wind turbines and other wind plant equipment. The report provides a rationale for why this data should be collected, a list of the data needed to support reliability and availability analysis, and specific data recommendations for a Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) to support automated analysis. This data collection recommendations report was written by Sandia National Laboratories to address the general data requirements for reliability analysis of operating wind turbines. This report is intended to help develop a basic understanding of the data needed for reliability analysis from a Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) and other data systems. The report provides a rationale for why this data should be collected, a list of the data needed to support reliability and availability analysis, and specific recommendations for a CMMS to support automated analysis. Though written for reliability analysis of wind turbines, much of the information is applicable to a wider variety of equipment and analysis and reporting needs. The 'Motivation' section of this report provides a rationale for collecting and analyzing field data for reliability analysis. The benefits of this type of effort can include increased energy delivered, decreased operating costs, enhanced preventive maintenance schedules, solutions to issues with the largest payback, and identification of early failure indicators.
Software Reliability Cases: The Bridge Between Hardware, Software and System Safety and Reliability
Herrmann, D.S.; Peercy, D.E.
High integrity/high consequence systems must be safe and reliable; hence it is only logical that both software safety and software reliability cases should be developed. Risk assessments in safety cases evaluate the severity of the consequences of a hazard and the likelihood of it occurring. The likelihood is directly related to system and software reliability predictions. Software reliability cases, as promoted by SAE JA 1002 and 1003, provide a practical approach to bridge the gap between hardware reliability, software reliability, and system safety and reliability by using a common methodology and information structure. They also facilitate early insight into whether or not a project is on track for meeting stated safety and reliability goals, while facilitating an informed assessment by regulatory and/or contractual authorities.
Demand Response and Electric Grid Reliability
Wattles, P.
Demand Response and Electric Grid Reliability Paul Wattles Senior Analyst, Market Design & Development, ERCOT CATEE Conference, Galveston October 10, 2012 2 North American Bulk Power Grids CATEE Conference October 10, 2012 ? The ERCOT... adequacy ? ?Achieving more DR participation would . . . displace some generation investments, but would achieve the same level of reliability... ? ?Achieving this ideal requires widespread demand response and market structures that enable loads...
Wind Energy Facility Reliability and Maintenance
Ding, Yu
Wind Energy Facility Reliability and Maintenance Eunshin Byon, Lewis Ntaimo, Chanan Singh and Yu related to wind energy facility reliability and mainte- nance focused more on qualitative aspects. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive account of the existing research regarding wind energy facility
Probabilistic Reliable Message Transmission Subodh Kumar
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of
Probabilistic Reliable Message Transmission Subodh Kumar January 17, 1996 Abstract Most communication systems require reliable transmission of a sequence of messages over a physical network which can with messages by the sender and they are acknowledged by the receiver. It is known that protocols that use
Advances in Safety, Reliability and Risk Management -Proceedings of the European Safety and Reliability Conference, ESREL 2011 -European Safety and Reliability Conference: Advances in Safety, Reliability and
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Advances in Safety, Reliability and Risk Management - Proceedings of the European Safety, Reliability and Risk Management, ESREL 2011, Troyes : France (2011) In France, more than 99% of failed is global risk management. This allows analysis of the major risks faced by the busi- ness (loss
Engineering Reliability into Web Sites: Google SRE
Tomkins, Andrew
Engineering Reliability into Web Sites: Google SRE Alex Perry firstname.lastname@example.com Santa Monica SRE, Google #12;Abstract This talk introduces Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) at Google, explaining team responsibilities by site Failures and instability consuming manpower Engineering being applied
NISTIR 7817 A Credential Reliability and
NISTIR 7817 A Credential Reliability and Revocation Model for Federated Identities Hildegard Ferraiolo http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.7817 #12;NISTIR 7817 A Credential Reliability and Revocation Interagency Report 7817 22 pages (Nov. 2012) Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may
Reliable Distributed Computing for Decision Support Systems
Bargiela, Andrzej
Reliable Distributed Computing for Decision Support Systems Taha Osman, Andrzej Bargiela Department of application tasks on the currently avail- able computing nodes. Distributed Systems Reliability Due decision-support systems such as water distribution net- works, involving hundreds or even thousands
Reliability of underwater hearing thresholds in pinnipeds
Reichmuth, Colleen
Reliability of underwater hearing thresholds in pinnipeds Brandon L. Southall Long Marine and certain testing parameters (e.g., equipment and research personnel), measured underwater hearing (0.26.4 kHz). These data address the reliability of acoustic signal detection measurements over time
Limitations and Opportunities of Off-Shell Coupling Measurements
Christoph Englert; Michael Spannowsky
Indirect constraints on the total Higgs width $\\Gamma_h$ from correlating Higgs signal strengths with cross section measurements in the off-shell region for $p(g)p(g)\\to 4\\ell$ production have received considerable attention recently, and the CMS collaboration have published a first measurement. We revisit this analysis from a new physics and unitarity constraints perspective and conclude that limits on $\\Gamma_h$ obtained in this fashion are not reliable unless we make model-specific assumptions, which cannot be justified at the current stage of the LHC programme. Relaxing the $\\Gamma_h$ interpretation, we discuss the merits of high invariant mass cross section measurements in the context of Higgs CP analyses, higher dimensional operator testing, and resolved new physics in the light of electroweak precision constraints beyond effective theory limitations. Furthermore, we show that a rather model-independent LHC constraint can be obtained from adapting the $gg\\to 4\\ell$ analysis to the weak boson fusion channels at lower statistical yield.
Electric Power Infrastructure Reliability and Security (EPIRS) Reseach and Development Initiative
Rick Meeker; L. Baldwin; Steinar Dale; Alexander Domijan; Davild Larbalestier; Hui Li; Peter McLaren; Sastry Pamidi; Horatio Rodrigo; Michael Steurer
Power systems have become increasingly complex and face unprecedented challenges posed by population growth, climate change, national security issues, foreign energy dependence and an aging power infrastructure. Increased demand combined with increased economic and environmental constraints is forcing state, regional and national power grids to expand supply without the large safety and stability margins in generation and transmission capacity that have been the rule in the past. Deregulation, distributed generation, natural and man-made catastrophes and other causes serve to further challenge and complicate management of the electric power grid. To meet the challenges of the 21st century while also maintaining system reliability, the electric power grid must effectively integrate new and advanced technologies both in the actual equipment for energy conversion, transfer and use, and in the command, control, and communication systems by which effective and efficient operation of the system is orchestrated - in essence, the 'smart grid'. This evolution calls for advances in development, integration, analysis, and deployment approaches that ultimately seek to take into account, every step of the way, the dynamic behavior of the system, capturing critical effects due to interdependencies and interaction. This approach is necessary to better mitigate the risk of blackouts and other disruptions and to improve the flexibility and capacity of the grid. Building on prior Navy and Department of Energy investments in infrastructure and resources for electric power systems research, testing, modeling, and simulation at the Florida State University (FSU) Center for Advanced Power Systems (CAPS), this project has continued an initiative aimed at assuring reliable and secure grid operation through a more complete understanding and characterization of some of the key technologies that will be important in a modern electric system, while also fulfilling an education and outreach mission to provide future energy workforce talent and support the electric system stakeholder community. Building upon and extending portions of that research effort, this project has been focused in the following areas: (1) Building high-fidelity integrated power and controls hardware-in-the-loop research and development testbed capabilities (Figure 1). (2) Distributed Energy Resources Integration - (a) Testing Requirements and Methods for Fault Current Limiters, (b) Contributions to the Development of IEEE 1547.7, (c) Analysis of a STATCOM Application for Wind Resource Integration, (d) Development of a Grid-Interactive Inverter with Energy Storage Elements, (e) Simulation-Assisted Advancement of Microgrid Understanding and Applications; (3) Availability of High-Fidelity Dynamic Simulation Tools for Grid Disturbance Investigations; (4) HTS Material Characterization - (a) AC Loss Studies on High Temperature Superconductors, (b) Local Identification of Current-Limiting Mechanisms in Coated Conductors; (5) Cryogenic Dielectric Research; and (6) Workshops, education, and outreach.
NREL's Gearbox Reliability Collaborative leads to wind turbine gearbox reliability, lowering the cost of energy.
the cost of energy. Unintended gearbox failures have a significant impact on the cost of wind farm will result in increased gearbox reliability and an overall reduction in the cost of wind energy. ProjectNREL's Gearbox Reliability Collaborative leads to wind turbine gearbox reliability, lowering
Reliability Testing of Polysilicon For MEMs Devices
LaVan, D.A.; Buchheit, T.E.
Mission critical applications of MEMS devices require knowledge of the distribution in their material properties and long-term reliability of the small-scale structures. This project reports on a new testing program at Sandia to quantify the strength distribution using samples that reflect the dimensions of critical MEMS components. The strength of polysilicon fabricated with Sandia's SUMMiT 4-layer process was successfully measured using samples with gage sections 2.5 {micro}m thick by 1.7 {micro}m wide and lengths of 15 and 25 {micro}m. These tensile specimens have a freely moving pivot on one end that anchors the sample to the silicon die and prevents off axis loading during testing. Each sample is loaded in uniaxial tension by pulling laterally with a flat tipped diamond in a computer-controlled Nanoindenter. The stress-strain curve is calculated using the specimen cross section and gage length dimensions verified by measuring against a standard in the SEM. The first 48 samples had a means strength of 2.24 {+-} 0.35 GPa. Fracture strength measurements grouped into three strength levels, which matched three failure modes observed in post mortem examinations. The seven samples in the highest strength group failed in the gage section (strength of 2.77 {+-} 0.04 GPa), the moderate strength group failed at the gage section fillet and the lowest strength group failed at a dimple in the hub. With this technique, multiple tests can be programmed at one time and performed without operator assistance at a rate of 20-30 per day allowing the collection of significant populations of data. Since the new test geometry has been proven, the project is moving to test the distributions seen from real geometric features typical to MEMS such as the effect of gage length, fracture toughness, bonding between layers, etch holes, dimples and shear of gear teeth.
Blade reliability collaborative : collection of defect, damage and repair data.
Ashwill, Thomas D.; Ogilvie, Alistair B.; Paquette, Joshua A.
The Blade Reliability Collaborative (BRC) was started by the Wind Energy Technologies Department of Sandia National Laboratories and DOE in 2010 with the goal of gaining insight into planned and unplanned O&M issues associated with wind turbine blades. A significant part of BRC is the Blade Defect, Damage and Repair Survey task, which will gather data from blade manufacturers, service companies, operators and prior studies to determine details about the largest sources of blade unreliability. This report summarizes the initial findings from this work.
Passive fault current limiting device
Evans, Daniel J. (Wheeling, IL); Cha, Yung S. (Darien, IL)
A passive current limiting device and isolator is particularly adapted for use at high power levels for limiting excessive currents in a circuit in a fault condition such as an electrical short. The current limiting device comprises a magnetic core wound with two magnetically opposed, parallel connected coils of copper, a high temperature superconductor or other electrically conducting material, and a fault element connected in series with one of the coils. Under normal operating conditions, the magnetic flux density produced by the two coils cancel each other. Under a fault condition, the fault element is triggered to cause an imbalance in the magnetic flux density between the two coils which results in an increase in the impedance in the coils. While the fault element may be a separate current limiter, switch, fuse, bimetal strip or the like, it preferably is a superconductor current limiter conducting one-half of the current load compared to the same limiter wired to carry the total current of the circuit. The major voltage during a fault condition is in the coils wound on the common core in a preferred embodiment.
Passive fault current limiting device
Evans, D.J.; Cha, Y.S.
A passive current limiting device and isolator is particularly adapted for use at high power levels for limiting excessive currents in a circuit in a fault condition such as an electrical short. The current limiting device comprises a magnetic core wound with two magnetically opposed, parallel connected coils of copper, a high temperature superconductor or other electrically conducting material, and a fault element connected in series with one of the coils. Under normal operating conditions, the magnetic flux density produced by the two coils cancel each other. Under a fault condition, the fault element is triggered to cause an imbalance in the magnetic flux density between the two coils which results in an increase in the impedance in the coils. While the fault element may be a separate current limiter, switch, fuse, bimetal strip or the like, it preferably is a superconductor current limiter conducting one-half of the current load compared to the same limiter wired to carry the total current of the circuit. The major voltage during a fault condition is in the coils wound on the common core in a preferred embodiment. 6 figs.
NREL Collaborative Improves the Reliability of Wind Turbine Gearboxes (Fact Sheet)
Not Available
Gearbox failures have a significant impact on the cost of wind farm operations. To help minimize gearbox failures, in 2007 the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) initiated the Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC), which consists of manufacturers, owners, researchers, and consultants. Based on all the lessons learned from the past five years, the GRC has now produced a new and improved design, which is projected to yield an operating lifetime of 12 years, more than triple that of the previous redesigned gearbox. The GRC findings will result in increased gearbox reliability and an overall reduction in the cost of wind energy.
Gearbox Reliability Collaborative Phase 3 Gearbox 2 Test Plan
Link, H.; Keller, J.; Guo, Y.; McNiff, B.
Gearboxes in wind turbines have not been achieving their expected design life even though they commonly meet or exceed the design criteria specified in current design standards. One of the basic premises of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC) is that the low gearbox reliability results from the absence of critical elements in the design process or insufficient design tools. Key goals of the GRC are to improve design approaches and analysis tools and to recommend practices and test methods resulting in improved design standards for wind turbine gearboxes that lower the cost of energy (COE) through improved reliability. The GRC uses a combined gearbox testing, modeling and analysis approach, along with a database of information from gearbox failures collected from overhauls and investigation of gearbox condition monitoring techniques to improve wind turbine operations and maintenance practices. Testing of Gearbox 2 (GB2) using the two-speed turbine controller that has been used in prior testing. This test series will investigate non-torque loads, high-speed shaft misalignment, and reproduction of field conditions in the dynamometer. This test series will also include vibration testing using an eddy-current brake on the gearbox's high speed shaft.
Long-term operating experience for the ATLAS superconducting resonators
Pardo, R.; Zinkann, G.
Portions of the ATLAS accelerator have been operating now for over 21 years. The facility has accumulated several million resonator-hours of operation at this point and has demonstrated the long-term reliability of RF superconductivity. The overall operating performance of the ATLAS facility has established a level of beam quality, flexibility, and reliability not previously achieved with heavy-ion accelerator facilities. The actual operating experience and maintenance history of ATLAS are presented for ATLAS resonators and associated electronics systems. Solutions to problems that appeared in early operation as well as current problems needing further development are discussed.
Reliability Results of NERSC Systems
Petascale Data Storage Institute (PDSI); Mokhtarani, Akbar; Mokhtarani, Akbar; Kramer, William; Hick, Jason
In order to address the needs of future scientific applications for storing and accessing large amounts of data in an efficient way, one needs to understand the limitations of current technologies and how they may cause systeminstability or unavailability. A number of factors can impact system availability ranging from facility-wide power outage to a single point of failure such as network switches or global file systems. In addition, individual component failure in a system can degrade the performance of that system. This paper focuses on analyzing both of these factors and their impacts on the computational and storage systems at NERSC. Component failure data presented in this report primarily focuses on disk drive in on of the computational system and tape drive failure in HPSS. NERSC collected available component failure data and system-wide outages for its computational and storage systems over a six-year period and made them available to the HPC community through the Petascale Data Storage Institute.
Adaptive Reliability Analysis of Excavation Problems
Park, Jun Kyung
. This analysis couples the adaptive design capabilities of the observational method with updated reliability indices, to be used in risk-based design decisions. A probabilistic framework is developed to predict three-dimensional deformation profiles due...
Demand Response For Power System Reliability: FAQ
Kirby, Brendan J [ORNL
Demand response is the most underutilized power system reliability resource in North America. Technological advances now make it possible to tap this resource to both reduce costs and improve. Misconceptions concerning response capabilities tend to force loads to provide responses that they are less able to provide and often prohibit them from providing the most valuable reliability services. Fortunately this is beginning to change with some ISOs making more extensive use of load response. This report is structured as a series of short questions and answers that address load response capabilities and power system reliability needs. Its objective is to further the use of responsive load as a bulk power system reliability resource in providing the fastest and most valuable ancillary services.
Reliability-Based Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms
Deb, Kalyanmoy
Uncertainties in design variables and problem parameters are often inevitable and must be considered in an optimization task if reliable optimal solutions are sought. Besides a number of sampling techniques, there exist ...
Reliability Challenges for Solar Energy (Presentation)
Kurtz, S.
PV industry can benefit from reliability testing experience of microelectronics industry . Si modules perform well in field; CdTe/CIGS must be sealed to moisture; CPV in product development stage.
PV Module Reliability Research (Fact Sheet)
Not Available
This National Center for Photovoltaics sheet describes the capabilities of its PV module reliability research. The scope and core competencies and capabilities are discussed and recent publications are listed.
Photovoltaic Reliability and Engineering (Revised) (Fact Sheet)
Not Available
Capabilities fact sheet for the National Center for Photovoltaics: Photovoltaic Reliability and Engineering. One-sided sheet that includes Scope, Core Competencies and Capabilities, and Contact/Web information.
Sandia National Laboratories: Physics of Reliability: Evaluating...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Physics of Reliability: Evaluating Design Insights for Component Technologies in Solar program Sandia R&D Funded under New DOE SunShot Program On November 27, 2013, in Energy,...
Reliability Issues for Photovoltaic Modules (Presentation)
Kurtz, S.
Si modules good in field; new designs need reliability testing. CdTe & CIGS modules sensitive to moisture; carefully seal. CPV in product development stage; benefits from expertise in other industries.
Sandia National Laboratories: increase power system reliability
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
reliability Sandia, DOE Energy Storage Program, GeneSiC Semiconductor, U.S. Army ARDEC: Ultra-High-Voltage Silicon Carbide Thyristors On March 29, 2013, in Capabilities,...
Turner, D.B.
equipment to resolve equipment reliability problems must bereliability problems was seen to be a mandatory first step in improving equipmentreliability of the Bay Area Rapid Tran- sit district's vehicle-borne Automatic Train Control equipment.
Improving Network Reliability: Analysis, Methodology, and Algorithms
Booker, Graham B.
The reliability of networking and communication systems is vital for the nation's economy and security. Optical and cellular networks have become a critical infrastructure and are indispensable in emergency situations. This dissertation outlines...
Final report : testing and evaluation for solar hot water reliability.
Caudell, Thomas P. (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM) [University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; He, Hongbo (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM) [University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; Menicucci, David F. (Building Specialists, Inc., Albuquerque, NM) [Building Specialists, Inc., Albuquerque, NM; Mammoli, Andrea A. (University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM) [University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; Burch, Jay (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden CO) [National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden CO
Solar hot water (SHW) systems are being installed by the thousands. Tax credits and utility rebate programs are spurring this burgeoning market. However, the reliability of these systems is virtually unknown. Recent work by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has shown that few data exist to quantify the mean time to failure of these systems. However, there is keen interest in developing new techniques to measure SHW reliability, particularly among utilities that use ratepayer money to pay the rebates. This document reports on an effort to develop and test new, simplified techniques to directly measure the state of health of fielded SHW systems. One approach was developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and is based on the idea that the performance of the solar storage tank can reliably indicate the operational status of the SHW systems. Another approach, developed by the University of New Mexico (UNM), uses adaptive resonance theory, a type of neural network, to detect and predict failures. This method uses the same sensors that are normally used to control the SHW system. The NREL method uses two additional temperature sensors on the solar tank. The theories, development, application, and testing of both methods are described in the report. Testing was performed on the SHW Reliability Testbed at UNM, a highly instrumented SHW system developed jointly by SNL and UNM. The two methods were tested against a number of simulated failures. The results show that both methods show promise for inclusion in conventional SHW controllers, giving them advanced capability in detecting and predicting component failures.
On the internet grouping for reliable multicasting
Ghanem, Mohamed M.
ON THE INTERNET GROUPING FOR RELIABLE MULTICASTING A Thesis by MOHAMED M. GHANEM Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas ARM University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 1996... Major Subject: Computer Science ON THF, INTERNET GROUPING I'OR RELIABLE MULTICASTING A Thesis by MOHAMED M. GHANEM Submitted to Texas ASM University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved...
Reliability and Functional Availability of HVAC Systems
Myrefelt, S.
RELIABILITY AND FUNCTIONAL AVAILABILITY OF HVAC SYSTEMS Sonny Myrefelt Dep. of Build. Serv. Eng., KTH, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden, and SKANSKA Sydost, V?xj?, Sweden Summary This paper presents a model to calculate the reliability... system, therefore, there must be sufficient documentation of design airflow rates. The compulsory ventilation checks performed in Sweden have focused on the importance of maintaining the design air flow rates. More about this activity can be seen...
Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC) Description and Loading
Oyague, F.
This document describes simulated turbine load cases in accordance to the IEC 61400-1 Ed.3 standard, which is representative of the typical wind turbine design process. The information presented herein is intended to provide a broad understanding of the gearbox reliability collaborative 750kW drivetrain and turbine configuration. In addition, fatigue and ultimate strength drivetrain loads resulting from simulations are presented. This information provides the bases for the analytical work of the gearbox reliability collaborative effort.
Nuclear Power - Control, Reliability and Human Factors
of Actinides: Where Do We Stand with the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technique? 167 Mario De Cesare Part 2 Reliability and Failure Mechanisms 187 Chapter 10 Evaluation of Dynamic J-R Curve for Leak Before Break Design of Nuclear Reactor Coolant Piping... Network 6. Autonomous Control for Space 7. Radiation-Hard and Intelligent Optical Fiber Sensors 8. Monitoring Radioactivity 9. Origin and Detection of Actinides ? Reliability and Failure Mechanisms 10. Dynamic J-R Curve for Leak Analysis 11...
Summary of Dissolved Concentration Limits
Yueting Chen
According to the Technical Work Plan titled Technical Work Plan for Waste Form Degradation Process Model Report for SR (CRWMS M&O 2000a), the purpose of this study is to perform abstractions on solubility limits of radioactive elements based on the process-level information and thermodynamic databases provided by Natural Environment Program Operations (NEPO) and Waste Package Operations (WPO). The scope of this analysis is to produce solubility limits as functions, distributions, or constants for all transported radioactive elements identified by the Performance Assessment Operations (PAO) radioisotope screening. Results from an expert elicitation for solubility limits of most radioactive elements were used in the previous Total System Performance Assessments (TSPAs). However, the elicitation conducted in 1993 does not meet the criteria set forth by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) due to lack of documentation and traceability (Kotra et al. 1996, Section 3). Therefore, at the Waste Form Abstraction Workshop held on February 2-4, 1999, at Albuquerque, New Mexico, the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project (YMP) decided to develop geochemical models to study solubility for the proposed Monitored Geologic Repository. WPO/NEPO is to develop process-level solubility models, including review and compilation of relevant thermodynamic data. PAO's responsibility is to perform abstractions based on the process models and chemical conditions and to produce solubility distributions or response surfaces applicable to the proposed repository. The results of this analysis and conceptual model will feed the performance assessment for Total System Performance Assessment--Site Recommendation (TSPA-SR) and Total System Performance Assessment--License Application (TSPA-LA), and to the Waste Form Degradation Process Model Report section on concentration limits.
The SACADA database for human reliability and human performance
Y. James Chang; Dennis Bley; Lawrence Criscione; Barry Kirwan; Ali Mosleh; Todd Madary; Rodney Nowell; Robert Richards; Emilie M. Roth; Scott Sieben; Antonios Zoulis
Lack of appropriate and sufficient human performance data has been identified as a key factor affecting human reliability analysis (HRA) quality especially in the estimation of human error probability (HEP). The Scenario Authoring, Characterization, and Debriefing Application (SACADA) database was developed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to address this data need. An agreement between NRC and the South Texas Project Nuclear Operating Company (STPNOC) was established to support the SACADA development with aims to make the SACADA tool suitable for implementation in the nuclear power plants' operator training program to collect operator performance information. The collected data would support the STPNOC's operator training program and be shared with the NRC for improving HRA quality. This paper discusses the SACADA data taxonomy, the theoretical foundation, the prospective data to be generated from the SACADA raw data to inform human reliability and human performance, and the considerations on the use of simulator data for HRA. Each SACADA data point consists of two information segments: context and performance results. Context is a characterization of the performance challenges to task success. The performance results are the results of performing the task. The data taxonomy uses a macrocognitive functions model for the framework. At a high level, information is classified according to the macrocognitive functions of detecting the plant abnormality, understanding the abnormality, deciding the response plan, executing the response plan, and team related aspects (i.e., communication, teamwork, and supervision). The data are expected to be useful for analyzing the relations between context, error modes and error causes in human performance.
Reliability Analysis of Electric Power Systems Using an Object-oriented Hybrid Modeling Approach
Schläpfer, Markus; Kröger, Wolfgang
The ongoing evolution of the electric power systems brings about the need to cope with increasingly complex interactions of technical components and relevant actors. In order to integrate a more comprehensive spectrum of different aspects into a probabilistic reliability assessment and to include time-dependent effects, this paper proposes an object-oriented hybrid approach combining agent-based modeling techniques with classical methods such as Monte Carlo simulation. Objects represent both technical components such as generators and transmission lines and non-technical components such as grid operators. The approach allows the calculation of conventional reliability indices and the estimation of blackout frequencies. Furthermore, the influence of the time needed to remove line overloads on the overall system reliability can be assessed. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated by performing simulations on the IEEE Reliability Test System 1996 and on a model of the Swiss high-voltage grid.
Reliability of EUCLIDIAN: An autonomous robotic system for image-guided prostate brachytherapy
Podder, Tarun K.; Buzurovic, Ivan; Huang Ke; Showalter, Timothy; Dicker, Adam P.; Yu, Yan [Department of Radiation Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center (NCI-designated), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 (United States)
Purpose: Recently, several robotic systems have been developed to perform accurate and consistent image-guided brachytherapy. Before introducing a new device into clinical operations, it is important to assess the reliability and mean time before failure (MTBF) of the system. In this article, the authors present the preclinical evaluation and analysis of the reliability and MTBF of an autonomous robotic system, which is developed for prostate seed implantation. Methods: The authors have considered three steps that are important in reliability growth analysis. These steps are: Identification and isolation of failures, classification of failures, and trend analysis. For any one-of-a-kind product, the reliability enhancement is accomplished through test-fix-test. The authors have used failure mode and effect analysis for collection and analysis of reliability data by identifying and categorizing the failure modes. Failures were classified according to severity. Failures that occurred during the operation of this robotic system were considered as nonhomogenous Poisson process. The failure occurrence trend was analyzed using Laplace test. For analyzing and predicting reliability growth, commonly used and widely accepted models, Duane's model and the Army Material Systems Analysis Activity, i.e., Crow's model, were applied. The MTBF was used as an important measure for assessing the system's reliability. Results: During preclinical testing, 3196 seeds (in 53 test cases) were deposited autonomously by the robot and 14 critical failures were encountered. The majority of the failures occurred during the first few cases. The distribution of failures followed Duane's postulation as well as Crow's postulation of reliability growth. The Laplace test index was -3.82 (<0), indicating a significant trend in failure data, and the failure intervals lengthened gradually. The continuous increase in the failure occurrence interval suggested a trend toward improved reliability. The MTBF was 592 seeds, which implied that several prostate seed implantation cases would be possible without encountering any critical failure. The shape parameter for the MTBF was 0.3859 (<1), suggesting a positive reliability growth of this robotic system. At 95% confidence, the reliability for deposition of 65 seeds was more than 90%. Conclusions: Analyses of failure mode strongly indicated a gradual improvement of reliability of this autonomous robotic system. High MTBF implied that several prostate seed implant cases would be possible without encountering any critical failure.
Broader source: Directives, Delegations, and Requirements [Office of Management (MA)]
This chapter is focused on capital costs for conventional construction and environmental restoration and waste management projects and examines operating cost estimates to verify that all elements of the project have been considered and properly estimated.
Measurement Practices for Reliability and Power Quality
Kueck, JD
This report provides a distribution reliability measurement ''toolkit'' that is intended to be an asset to regulators, utilities and power users. The metrics and standards discussed range from simple reliability, to power quality, to the new blend of reliability and power quality analysis that is now developing. This report was sponsored by the Office of Electric Transmission and Distribution, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Inconsistencies presently exist in commonly agreed-upon practices for measuring the reliability of the distribution systems. However, efforts are being made by a number of organizations to develop solutions. In addition, there is growing interest in methods or standards for measuring power quality, and in defining power quality levels that are acceptable to various industries or user groups. The problems and solutions vary widely among geographic areas and among large investor-owned utilities, rural cooperatives, and municipal utilities; but there is still a great degree of commonality. Industry organizations such as the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA), the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the American Public Power Association (APPA), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) have made tremendous strides in preparing self-assessment templates, optimization guides, diagnostic techniques, and better definitions of reliability and power quality measures. In addition, public utility commissions have developed codes and methods for assessing performance that consider local needs. There is considerable overlap among these various organizations, and we see real opportunity and value in sharing these methods, guides, and standards in this report. This report provides a ''toolkit'' containing synopses of noteworthy reliability measurement practices. The toolkit has been developed to address the interests of three groups: electric power users, utilities, and regulators. The report will also serve to support activities to develop and share information among industry and regulatory participants about critical resources and practices. The toolkit has been developed by investigating the status of indices and definitions, surveying utility organizations on information sharing, and preparing summaries of reliability standards and monitoring requirements--the issues, needs, work under way, existing standards, practices and guidelines--for the following three classifications: (1) terms and definitions of reliability; (2) power quality standards, guidelines, and measurements; and (3) activities and organizations developing and sharing information on distribution reliability. As these synopses of reliability measurement practices are provided, it must be noted that an economic penalty may be associated with requiring too high a reliability level from the distribution system for all customers. It may be appropriate for the distribution system to supply only some base, generally accepted level of reliability. This base level would be adequate for the majority of customers. Users who need a higher level may find it economical to supply using distributed energy resources (DER) and other local solutions to reliability and power quality needs. Local solutions implemented by the customer may be the most cost-effective method for addressing the more stringent needs of a digital economy. These local solutions include energy storage, small distributed generators, and microgrids. This report also considers the market's role in addressing reliability issues and requirements. The customer's needs are discussed in view of issues such as power quality requirements of digital electronic equipment, the cost of outages, the cost of storage and new infrastructure, and natural gas prices. The market role in addressing these issues and requirements is explored. The economic considerations associated with the reliability issues are discussed, as well as the levels at which these economic decisions could be made. Finally, a discussion is provided of the role DER could play in addressing
Measuring eating disorder attitudes and behaviors: a reliability generalization study
Pearson, Crystal Anne
I used reliability generalization procedures to determine the mean score reliability of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), and the Bulimia Test (BULIT). Reliability generalization is a type of meta-analysis used...
Basic concepts defining the property of ''reliability'' for energy systems
Rudenko, Yu.N.; Sin'chugov, F.I.; Smirnov, E.P.
The basic concepts defining the complex property of ''reliability'' for energy systems (electric-power and pipeline systems) are considered; they include the properties, states, and events that characterize reliability as well as the reliability indices.
Fault Detection Methodology for Caches in Reliable Modern VLSI Microprocessors based on Instruction Set
Kouroupetroglou, Georgios
, Professor #12;hardware defects that may occur during system operation by the increased soft error rateFault Detection Methodology for Caches in Reliable Modern VLSI Microprocessors based on Instruction-Based Self-Test (SBST) fault detection methodology for small embedded cache memories. The methodology
Impact of Compiler Optimizations on Voltage Droops and Reliability of an SMT, Multi-Core Processor
John, Lizy Kurian
Impact of Compiler Optimizations on Voltage Droops and Reliability of an SMT, Multi-Core Processor unreliable operation in microprocessors. Voltage droops due to di/dt effects have been studied in the past, however no prior work studies the effect of compiler optimizations on voltage droops. Past work has
A simple model for the reliability of an infrastructure system controlled by B. A. Carreras
Dobson, Ian
A simple model for the reliability of an infrastructure system controlled by agents B. A. Carreras email@example.com. edu Abstract A simple dynamic model of agent operation of an infrastructure system of the components. The system is controlled by adjusting the upgrading rate of the components and the replacement
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Recovery...
Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Recovery Program Plan Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Recovery Program Plan Microsoft Word - OE PSRP June 5 2009...
Effect of Jatropha based Biodiesel, on Engine Hardware Reliability...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Jatropha based Biodiesel, on Engine Hardware Reliability, Emission and Performance Effect of Jatropha based Biodiesel, on Engine Hardware Reliability, Emission and Performance...
Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability FY 2012 Budget...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
& Energy Reliability FY 2012 Budget Request Presentation Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability FY 2012 Budget Request Presentation Presentation by Patricia Hoffman of...
An environmental sample chamber for reliable scanning transmission...
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environmental sample chamber for reliable scanning transmission x-ray microscopy measurements under water vapor. An environmental sample chamber for reliable scanning transmission...
Improving the Reliability and Resiliency of the US Electric Grid...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Improving the Reliability and Resiliency of the US Electric Grid: SGIG Article in Metering International, March 2012 Improving the Reliability and Resiliency of the US Electric...
The Business Case for Fuel Cells 2013: Reliability, Resiliency...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
3: Reliability, Resiliency & Savings The Business Case for Fuel Cells 2013: Reliability, Resiliency & Savings This report, compiled by Fuel Cells 2000 with support from the Fuel...
Reliability of islanded microgrids with stochastic generation and prioritized load
Marden, Mirjana Milosevic
The potential to improve distribution system reliability is a primary motivation behind the development and deployment of microgrids. Previous studies have illustrated substantial reliability benefits of dispatchable ...
Thermal Stress and Reliability for Advanced Power Electronics...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Performance and Reliability of Bonded Interfaces Physics of Failure of Electrical Interconnects Thermal Stress and Reliability for Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Machines...
Now Available: Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability...
Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Storm Responses (November 2014) Now Available: Smart Grid Investments Improve Grid Reliability, Resilience, and...
Letter from Pepco Holdings Regarding the Reliability of Electric...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
from Pepco Holdings Regarding the Reliability of Electric Service in the District of Columbia Letter from Pepco Holdings Regarding the Reliability of Electric Service in the...
Integration of NDE Reliability and Fracture Mechanics
Becker, F. L.; Doctor, S. R.; Heas!er, P. G.; Morris, C. J.; Pitman, S. G.; Selby, G. P.; Simonen, F. A.
The Pacific Northwest Laboratory is conducting a four-phase program for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness and reliability of in-service inspection (lSI} performed on the primary system piping welds of commercial light water reactors (LWRs). Phase I of the program is complete. A survey was made of the state of practice for ultrasonic rsr of LWR primary system piping welds. Fracture mechanics calculations were made to establish required nondestrutive testing sensitivities. In general, it was found that fatigue flaws less than 25% of wall thickness would not grow to failure within an inspection interval of 10 years. However, in some cases failure could occur considerably faster. Statistical methods for predicting and measuring the effectiveness and reliability of lSI were developed and will be applied in the "Round Robin Inspections" of Phase II. Methods were also developed for the production of flaws typical of those found in service. Samples fabricated by these methods wilI be used in Phase II to test inspection effectiveness and reliability. Measurements were made of the influence of flaw characteristics {i.e., roughness, tightness, and orientation) on inspection reliability. These measurernents, as well as the predictions of a statistical model for inspection reliability, indicate that current reporting and recording sensitivities are inadequate.
Culture Representation in Human Reliability Analysis
David Gertman; Julie Marble; Steven Novack
Understanding human-system response is critical to being able to plan and predict mission success in the modern battlespace. Commonly, human reliability analysis has been used to predict failures of human performance in complex, critical systems. However, most human reliability methods fail to take culture into account. This paper takes an easily understood state of the art human reliability analysis method and extends that method to account for the influence of culture, including acceptance of new technology, upon performance. The cultural parameters used to modify the human reliability analysis were determined from two standard industry approaches to cultural assessment: Hofstede's (1991) cultural factors and Davis' (1989) technology acceptance model (TAM). The result is called the Culture Adjustment Method (CAM). An example is presented that (1) reviews human reliability assessment with and without cultural attributes for a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system attack, (2) demonstrates how country specific information can be used to increase the realism of HRA modeling, and (3) discusses the differences in human error probability estimates arising from cultural differences.
Bridging Human Reliability Analysis and Psychology, Part 1: The Psychological Literature Review for the IDHEAS Method
April M. Whaley; Stacey M. L. Hendrickson; Ronald L. Boring; Jeffrey C. Joe; Katya L. Le Blanc; Jing Xing
In response to Staff Requirements Memorandum (SRM) SRM-M061020, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is sponsoring work to update the technical basis underlying human reliability analysis (HRA) in an effort to improve the robustness of HRA. The ultimate goal of this work is to develop a hybrid of existing methods addressing limitations of current HRA models and in particular issues related to intra- and inter-method variabilities and results. This hybrid method is now known as the Integrated Decision-tree Human Event Analysis System (IDHEAS). Existing HRA methods have looked at elements of the psychological literature, but there has not previously been a systematic attempt to translate the complete span of cognition from perception to action into mechanisms that can inform HRA. Therefore, a first step of this effort was to perform a literature search of psychology, cognition, behavioral science, teamwork, and operating performance to incorporate current understanding of human performance in operating environments, thus affording an improved technical foundation for HRA. However, this literature review went one step further by mining the literature findings to establish causal relationships and explicit links between the different types of human failures, performance drivers and associated performance measures ultimately used for quantification. This is the first of two papers that detail the literature review (paper 1) and its product (paper 2). This paper describes the literature review and the high-level architecture used to organize the literature review, and the second paper (Whaley, Hendrickson, Boring, & Xing, these proceedings) describes the resultant cognitive framework.
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November 18, 2008 1 Abstract--In this paper, we analyze the N-1 reliable DC optimal
Ferris, Michael C.
of the transmission element (line or transformer) and the model can be used for planning and/or operations. We or transformer) g: generator d: load c: operating state; c = 0 indicates the no contingency state (steady- stateNovember 18, 2008 1 Abstract--In this paper, we analyze the N-1 reliable DC optimal dispatch
Comments on Emergency Order to Resume Limited Operation at the...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
regional, non-profit organization to work solely on decreasing the negative effects of global warming by promoting clean energy alternatives and ensuring proper regulation of...
Operating Appliances with Mobile Phones Strengths and Limits of a
communication provision, their powerful batteries can often easily support substantial calculations and short
DOE Orders Mirant Power Plant to Operate Under Limited Circumstances |
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742 33 111 1,613PortsmouthBartlesvilleAbout »Department of2 DOE FitsEnergyMessageinDepartment of
DOE Orders Mirant Power Plant to Operate Under Limited Circumstances |
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
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DOE Orders Mirant Power Plant to Operate Under Limited Circumstances |
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn't Your Destiny: Theof"WaveInteractions and Policy (2009) | DepartmentDepartment of Energy
DOE Orders Mirant Power Plant to Operate Under Limited Circumstances |
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Google Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels DataDepartment of Energy Your Density Isn't Your Destiny: Theof"WaveInteractions and Policy (2009) | DepartmentDepartment of
Real-time Pricing Demand Response in Operations
Widergren, Steven E.; Marinovici, Maria C.; Berliner, Teri; Graves, Alan
Abstract—Dynamic pricing schemes have been implemented in commercial and industrial application settings, and recently they are getting attention for application to residential customers. Time-of-use and critical-peak-pricing rates are in place in various regions and are being piloted in many more. These programs are proving themselves useful for balancing energy during peak periods; however, real-time (5 minute) pricing signals combined with automation in end-use systems have the potential to deliver even more benefits to operators and consumers. Besides system peak shaving, a real-time pricing system can contribute demand response based on the locational marginal price of electricity, reduce load in response to a generator outage, and respond to local distribution system capacity limiting situations. The US Department of Energy (DOE) is teaming with a mid-west electricity service provider to run a distribution feeder-based retail electricity market that negotiates with residential automation equipment and clears every 5 minutes, thus providing a signal for lowering or raising electric consumption based on operational objectives of economic efficiency and reliability. This paper outlines the capability of the real-time pricing system and the operational scenarios being tested as the system is rolled-out starting in the first half of 2012.
Software engineering practices for control system reliability
S. K. Schaffner; K. S White
This paper will discuss software engineering practices used to improve Control System reliability. The authors begin with a brief discussion of the Software Engineering Institute's Capability Maturity Model (CMM) which is a framework for evaluating and improving key practices used to enhance software development and maintenance capabilities. The software engineering processes developed and used by the Controls Group at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), using the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) for accelerator control, are described. Examples are given of how their procedures have been used to minimized control system downtime and improve reliability. While their examples are primarily drawn from their experience with EPICS, these practices are equally applicable to any control system. Specific issues addressed include resource allocation, developing reliable software lifecycle processes and risk management.
ASCE Specialty Conference on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability ESTIMATING STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY UNDER HURRICANE WIND HAZARD
Balaji, Rajagopalan
STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY UNDER HURRICANE WIND HAZARD: APPLICATIONS TO WOOD STRUCTURES Balaji email@example.com Abstract A stochastic nonparametric framework to estimate structural reliability under hurricane wind Natural hazards in general and hurricanes in particular, lead to loss of life and tremendous property
Accepted for publication in Reliability Engineering and System Safety Analyzing the topological, electrical and reliability
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Accepted for publication in Reliability Engineering and System Safety Analyzing the topological, electrical and reliability characteristics of a power transmission system for identifying its firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract The subject of this paper is the analysis of an electrical transmission system with the objective
Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions Grid of the Future White Paper on Review of Recent Reliability Issues and Systems Events
Hauer, John F.; Dagle, Jeffery E.
This report is one of six reports developed under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) program in Power System Integration and Reliability (PSIR). The objective of this report is to review, analyze, and evaluate critical reliability issues demonstrated by recent disturbance events in the North America power system. Eleven major disturbances are examined, most occurring in this decade. The strategic challenge is that the pattern of technical need has persisted for a long period of time. For more than a decade, anticipation of market deregulation has been a major disincentive to new investments in system capacity. It has also inspired reduced maintenance of existing assets. A massive infusion of better technology is emerging as the final option to continue reliable electrical services. If an investment in better technology will not be made in a timely manner, then North America should plan its adjustments to a very different level of electrical service. It is apparent that technical operations staff among the utilities can be very effective at marshaling their forces in the immediate aftermath of a system emergency, and that serious disturbances often lead to improved mechanisms for coordinated operation. It is not at all apparent that such efforts can be sustained through voluntary reliability organizations in which utility personnel external to those organizations do most of the technical work. The eastern interconnection shows several situations in which much of the technical support has migrated from the utilities to the Independent System Operator (ISO), and the ISO staffs or shares staff with the regional reliability council. This process may be a natural and very positive consequence of utility restructuring. If so, the process should be expedited in regions where it is less advanced.
Technique for Measuring Hybrid Electronic Component Reliability
Green, C.C.; Hernandez, C.L.; Hosking, F.M.; Robinson, D.; Rutherford, B.; Uribe, F.
Materials compatibility studies of aged, engineered materials and hardware are critical to understanding and predicting component reliability, particularly for systems with extended stockpile life requirements. Nondestructive testing capabilities for component reliability would significantly enhance lifetime predictions. For example, if the detection of crack propagation through a solder joint can be demonstrated, this technique could be used to develop baseline information to statistically determine solder joint lifelengths. This report will investigate high frequency signal response techniques for nondestructively evaluating the electrical behavior of thick film hybrid transmission lines.
Reliability Technology earns prestigious Los Alamos award
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Leskovar, B.
1980 RELIABILITY CONSIDERATIONS OF ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS10548 RELIABILITY CONSIDERATIONS OF ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS™**"* ' Reliability Considerations of Electronics Components
Nondestructive examination (NDE) reliability for inservice inspection of light waters reactors
Doctor, S.R.; Deffenbaugh, J.D.; Good, M.S.; Green, E.R.; Heasler, P.G.; Simonen, F.A.; Spanner, J.C.; Taylor, T.T. (Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (USA))
Evaluation and Improvement of NDE Reliability for Inservice Inspection of Light Water Reactors (NDE Reliability) Program at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory was established by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to determine the reliability of current inservice inspection (ISI) techniques and to develop recommendations that will ensure a suitably high inspection reliability. The objectives of this program include determining the reliability of ISI performed on the primary systems of commercial light-water reactors (LWRs); using probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis to determine the impact of NDE unreliability on system safety; and evaluating reliability improvements that can be achieved with improved and advanced technology. A final objective is to formulate recommended revisions to ASME Code and Regulatory requirements, based on material properties, service conditions, and NDE uncertainties. The program scope is limited to ISI of the primary systems including the piping, vessel, and other inspected components. This is a progress report covering the programmatic work from April 1988 through September 1988. 33 refs., 70 figs., 12 tabs.
Smart Grid - Transforming Power System Operations
Widergren, Steven E.; Kirkham, Harold
Abstract—Electric power systems are entering a new realm of operations. Large amounts of variable generation tax our ability to reliably operate the system. Couple this with a greater reliance on the electricity network to serve consumer demand that is likely to rise significantly even as we drive for greater efficiency. Trade-offs between energy and environmental needs will be constantly negotiated, while a reliable supply of electricity needs even greater assurance in a world where threats of disruption have risen. Smart grid capabilities are being proposed to help address the challenges confronting system operations. This paper reviews the impact of smart grid functionality on transforming power system operations. It explores models for distributed energy resources (DER – generation, storage, and load) that are appearing on the system. It reviews the evolving nature of electricity markets to deal with this complexity and a change of emphasis on signals from these markets to affect power system control. Smart grid capabilities will also impact reliable operations, while cyber security issues must be addressed as a culture change that influences all system design, implementation, and maintenance. Lastly, the paper explores significant questions for further research and the need for a simulation environment that supports such investigation and informs deployments to mitigate operational issues as they arise.
Techniques to evaluate the importance of common cause degradation on reliability and safety of nuclear weapons.
Darby, John L.
As the nuclear weapon stockpile ages, there is increased concern about common degradation ultimately leading to common cause failure of multiple weapons that could significantly impact reliability or safety. Current acceptable limits for the reliability and safety of a weapon are based on upper limits on the probability of failure of an individual item, assuming that failures among items are independent. We expanded the current acceptable limits to apply to situations with common cause failure. Then, we developed a simple screening process to quickly assess the importance of observed common degradation for both reliability and safety to determine if further action is necessary. The screening process conservatively assumes that common degradation is common cause failure. For a population with between 100 and 5000 items we applied the screening process and conclude the following. In general, for a reliability requirement specified in the Military Characteristics (MCs) for a specific weapon system, common degradation is of concern if more than 100(1-x)% of the weapons are susceptible to common degradation, where x is the required reliability expressed as a fraction. Common degradation is of concern for the safety of a weapon subsystem if more than 0.1% of the population is susceptible to common degradation. Common degradation is of concern for the safety of a weapon component or overall weapon system if two or more components/weapons in the population are susceptible to degradation. Finally, we developed a technique for detailed evaluation of common degradation leading to common cause failure for situations that are determined to be of concern using the screening process. The detailed evaluation requires that best estimates of common cause and independent failure probabilities be produced. Using these techniques, observed common degradation can be evaluated for effects on reliability and safety.
On the reliability of microvariability tests in quasars
De Diego, José A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Distrito Federal, MexicoAND (Mexico); Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias-Universidad de La Laguna, CEI Canarias: Campus Atlántico Tricontinental, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain)
Microvariations probe the physics and internal structure of quasars. Unpredictability and small flux variations make this phenomenon elusive and difficult to detect. Variance-based probes such as the C and F tests, or a combination of both, are popular methods to compare the light curves of the quasar and a comparison star. Recently, detection claims in some studies have depended on the agreement of the results of the C and F tests, or of two instances of the F-test, for rejecting the non-variation null hypothesis. However, the C-test is a non-reliable statistical procedure, the F-test is not robust, and the combination of tests with concurrent results is anything but a straightforward methodology. A priori power analysis calculations and post hoc analysis of Monte Carlo simulations show excellent agreement for the analysis of variance test to detect microvariations as well as the limitations of the F-test. Additionally, the combined tests yield correlated probabilities that make the assessment of statistical significance unworkable. However, it is possible to include data from several field stars to enhance the power in a single F-test, increasing the reliability of the statistical analysis. This would be the preferred methodology when several comparison stars are available. An example using two stars and the enhanced F-test is presented. These results show the importance of using adequate methodologies and avoiding inappropriate procedures that can jeopardize microvariability detections. Power analysis and Monte Carlo simulations are useful tools for research planning, as they can demonstrate the robustness and reliability of different research approaches.
On the reliability of seasonal forecasts Antje Weisheimer
Stevenson, Paul
to plant in the coming season #12;Antje Weisheimer EQUIP workshop 14 March 2013 Reliability of reliability #12;Antje Weisheimer EQUIP workshop 14 March 2013 category 5 Perfect reliability Uncertainty ranges do include perfect reliability slope #12;Antje Weisheimer EQUIP workshop
A Hierarchical Model for Estimating the Reliability of Complex Systems
Reese, Shane
an approximation to the joint posterior distribution on the total system reliability was obtained. Many reliability or bounding moments of the system reliability posterior distribution (Cole (1975), Mastran (1976), DostalA Hierarchical Model for Estimating the Reliability of Complex Systems Valen E. Johnson, Todd L
arXiv:quantph/0604141 New Limits on Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation
Cleve, Richard
firstname.lastname@example.com Monique Laurent z CWI, Amsterdam email@example.com Noah Linden x U of Bristol n creates major diĆculties in storing and operating on quantum states reliably. A key advance
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volcano. Experience the culture and history of Hawaii, and the impact of human activitiesApply early! Limited enrollment. Environmental Science in the Hawaiian Islands Observe, research
Report to Congress on stockpile reliability, weapon remanufacture, and the role of nuclear testing
Miller, G.H.; Brown, P.S.; Alonso, C.T.
This report analyzes two issues: (1) ''whether past warhead reliability problems demonstrate that nuclear explosive testing is needed to identify or to correct stockpile reliability,'' or (2) ''whether a program of stockpile inspection, nonnuclear testing, and remanufacture would be sufficient to deal with stockpile reliability problems.'' Chapter 1 examines the reasons for nuclear testing. Although the thrust of the request from Congressman Aspin et al., has to do with the need for nuclear testing as it relates to stockpile reliability and remanufacture, there are other very important reasons for nuclear testing. Since there has been increasing interest in the US Congress for more restrictive nuclear test limits, we have addressed the overall need for nuclear testing and the potential impact of further nuclear test limitations. Chapter 1 also summarizes the major conclusions of a recent study conducted by the Scientific and Academic Advisory Committee (SAAC) for the President of the University of California; the SAAC report is entitled, ''Nuclear Weapon Tests: The Role of the University of California-Department of Energy Laboratories.'' Chapter 2 presents a brief history of stockpile problems that involved post-deployment nuclear testing for their resolution. Chapter 3 addresses the problems involved in remanufacturing nuclear weapons, and Chapter 4 discusses measures that should be taken to prepare for possible future restrictive test limits.
Pruvost, N.; Tsitouras, J.
The objectives of Operation Poorman were to design and build a portable seismic system and to set up and use this system in a cold-weather environment. The equipment design uses current technology to achieve a low-power, lightweight system that is configured into three modules. The system was deployed in Alaska during wintertime, and the results provide a basis for specifying a mission-ready seismic verification system.
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Interval Analysis and Reliability in Robotics
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
be highly reliable (i.e. for a robot used in surgical applications). The sources of uncertainties will restrict ourself in this paper to industrial robot. These type of robots have a base that is attached the mechanism motion). There are two main classes of industrial robots mechani- cal architecture: serial
New correlation calculates reliable paraffin solubilities
Yaws, C.L.; Pan, X. (Lamar Univ., Beaumont, TX (US))
A new correlation based on boiling point has been developed which accurately calculates paraffin solubilities in water. The correlation provides reliable solubility values down to very low concentrations (parts per million and less), for which the API correlation is not accurate. It can be used for initial engineering studies, including those involving health, safety, and environmental considerations.
Optical fiber reliability models M. John Matthewson
Matthewson, M. John
3 Optical fiber reliability models M. John Matthewson Fiber Optic Materials Research Program Systems containing optical fiber have design lives on the order of decades so that models for assessing and promising areas for future work are proposed. 1. INTRODUCTION Mechanical failure of optical fiber must
Implementing the Reliable Server Pooling Thomas Dreibholz
Dreibholz, Thomas
Implementing the Reliable Server Pooling Framework Thomas Dreibholz University of Duisburg Server Pooling (RSerPool) pro- tocol suite currently under standardization by the IETF is designed, configuring, accessing and monitoring pools of server resources. But RSerPool is not only able to manage pools
Grid Reliability- An Electric Utility Company's Perspective
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
Presentation—given at the Federal Utility Partnership Working Group (FUPWG) Fall 2008 meeting—covers Southern Company's business continuity, North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) cybersecurity, and homeland security as well as physical recovery after a major outage, and five questions to ask your local utility.
Bordenstein, Seth
AND RELIABILITY: LOGO MANUAL COLOR SCHEME TYPOGRAPHY RECOMMENDED DISPLAY SPACE PMS 131C PMS COOL GRAY 11C VERSION HORIZONTAL 1J COLOR SCHEME R=203 G=163 B=57 C=21 M=34 Y=93 K=2 20,0 @Me Nas $10M in equipment Machine shop equipped conference facility All-purpose machine shop Skilled engineering staff
Invited Paper GaN HEMT reliability
del Alamo, Jesús A.
Invited Paper GaN HEMT reliability J.A. del Alamo *, J. Joh Microsystems Technology Laboratories mechanism recently identified in GaN high-electron mobility transistors subject to electrical stress. Under high voltage, it has been found that electrically active defects are generated in the AlGaN barrier
"Reliability, Resiliency, and Restoration for Smarter Grid
Ohta, Shigemi
"Reliability, Resiliency, and Restoration for Smarter Grid Workshop" Save the Date April 3 and 4 at email@example.com "The Resilient Smart Grid" to be held at Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, Long Island://www.bnl.gov/maps/. This is the 5th workshop that BNL is hosting on the Smart Grid. This Workshop will build on the previous
Microturbines - an economic and reliability evaluation for commercial, residential, and remote load applications
Davis, M.W.; Gifford, A.H.; Krupa, T.J.
Most distributed self-generation operates base loaded and in parallel with the electric utility system (1) to minimize peak loads, (2) to improve reliability, (3) to eliminate the need for reserve margin (standby) and (4) may or may not sell back excess generation. This paper examines the economics of distributed microturbine generation operating isolated from the electric utility system and having enough reserve margin to either match or improve the existing reliability of service provided by central station generation and the T and D system. This analysis shows the isolated operation of microturbines with a reserve margin can provide the same or a higher level of reliability as the electric utility, yet the costs can be lower. Sensitivity analysis for different investment costs, O and M costs, fuel costs, reliability, load shapes (load factors), and alternative fuels were performed and the economic comparisons are made in terms of {cents}/kWh. This analysis shows a strong economic preference in applying microturbines to high load factor commercial loads. The cost of standby (from the utility) was found to be from .52 to 2.09{cents}/kWh greater than if the microturbine generation provided its own standby through a built in reserve margin.
Operational health physics training
The initial four sections treat basic information concerning atomic structure and other useful physical quantities, natural radioactivity, the properties of {alpha}, {beta}, {gamma}, x rays and neutrons, and the concepts and units of radiation dosimetry (including SI units). Section 5 deals with biological effects and the risks associated with radiation exposure. Background radiation and man-made sources are discussed next. The basic recommendations of the ICRP concerning dose limitations: justification, optimization (ALARA concepts and applications) and dose limits are covered in Section seven. Section eight is an expanded version of shielding, and the internal dosimetry discussion has been extensively revised to reflect the concepts contained in the MIRD methodology and ICRP 30. The remaining sections discuss the operational health physics approach to monitoring radiation. Individual sections include radiation detection principles, instrument operation and counting statistics, health physics instruments and personnel monitoring devices. The last five sections deal with the nature of, operation principles of, health physics aspects of, and monitoring approaches to air sampling, reactors, nuclear safety, gloveboxes and hot cells, accelerators and x ray sources. Decontamination, waste disposal and transportation of radionuclides are added topics. Several appendices containing constants, symbols, selected mathematical topics, and the Chart of the Nuclides, and an index have been included.
The concepts of leak before break and absolute reliability of NPP equipment and piping
Getman, A.F.; Komarov, O.V.; Sokov, L.M. [and others
This paper describes the absolute reliability (AR) concept for ensuring safe operation of nuclear plant equipment and piping. The AR of a pipeline or component is defined as the level of reliability when the probability of an instantaneous double-ended break is near zero. AR analysis has been applied to Russian RBMK and VVER type reactors. It is proposed that analyses required for application of the leak before break concept should be included in AR implementation. The basic principles, methods, and approaches that provide the basis for implementing the AR concept are described.
G. W. Parry; J.A Forester; V.N. Dang; S. M. L. Hendrickson; M. Presley; E. Lois; J. Xing
This paper describes a method, IDHEAS (Integrated Decision-Tree Human Event Analysis System) that has been developed jointly by the US NRC and EPRI as an improved approach to Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) that is based on an understanding of the cognitive mechanisms and performance influencing factors (PIFs) that affect operator responses. The paper describes the various elements of the method, namely the performance of a detailed cognitive task analysis that is documented in a crew response tree (CRT), and the development of the associated time-line to identify the critical tasks, i.e. those whose failure results in a human failure event (HFE), and an approach to quantification that is based on explanations of why the HFE might occur.
Puget Sound Area Electric Reliability Plan : Final Environmental Impact Statement.
United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
A specific need exists in the Puget Sound area for balance between east-west transmission capacity and the increasing demand to import power generated east of the Cascades. At certain times of the year, and during certain conditions, there is more demand for power in the Puget Sound area than the transmission system and existing generation can reliably supply. This high demand, called peak demand occurs during the winter months when unusually cold weather increases electricity use for heating. The existing power system can supply enough power if no emergencies occur. However, during emergencies the system will not operate properly. As demand grows, the system becomes more strained. To meet demand, the rate of growth of demand must be reduced or the ability to serve the demand must be increased, or both.
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645 3,625 1,006 492 742EnergyOnItemResearch > TheNuclear Astrophysics One ofSpeedingthis site » OpenOperational
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level:Energy: Grid Integration Redefining What's Possible for RenewableSpeeding accessSpeedingOctoberResearchOpen→ globalOPERATING Who We
Structural Reliability: Assessing the Condition and Reliability of Casing in Compacting Reservoirs
Chantose, Prasongsit
. Effective stress may exceed rock compressive strength, inducing compaction. Wells in compacting reservoirs risk high failure and deformation rates. This project introduces the concept of structural reliability to quantify casing failure risks in compacting...
Human Reliability Analysis for Design: Using Reliability Methods for Human Factors Issues
Ronald Laurids Boring
This paper reviews the application of human reliability analysis methods to human factors design issues. An application framework is sketched in which aspects of modeling typically found in human reliability analysis are used in a complementary fashion to the existing human factors phases of design and testing. The paper provides best achievable practices for design, testing, and modeling. Such best achievable practices may be used to evaluate and human system interface in the context of design safety certifications.
McBranch, Duncan W. (Santa Fe, NM); Mattes, Benjamin R. (Santa Fe, NM); Koskelo, Aaron C. (Los Alamos, NM); Heeger, Alan J. (Santa Barbara, CA); Robinson, Jeanne M. (Los Alamos, NM); Smilowitz, Laura B. (Los Alamos, NM); Klimov, Victor I. (Los Alamos, NM); Cha, Myoungsik (Goleta, CA); Sariciftci, N. Serdar (Santa Barbara, CA); Hummelen, Jan C. (Groningen, NL)
Optical limiting materials. Methanofullerenes, fulleroids and/or other fullerenes chemically altered for enhanced solubility, in liquid solution, and in solid blends with transparent glass (SiO.sub.2) gels or polymers, or semiconducting (conjugated) polymers, are shown to be useful as optical limiters (optical surge protectors). The nonlinear absorption is tunable such that the energy transmitted through such blends saturates at high input energy per pulse over a wide range of wavelengths from 400-1100 nm by selecting the host material for its absorption wavelength and ability to transfer the absorbed energy into the optical limiting composition dissolved therein. This phenomenon should be generalizable to other compositions than substituted fullerenes.
Liquid fuels for gas turbines and their effects on fuel system reliability
Purcell, J.E.
Gas turbines are operated on a wide range of gaseous and liquid fuels. The liquid fuels range from very thin distillates to very thick residual oils, and can also include unrefined fuels, such as crude oils. Several of the components in the turbine's liquid fuel system depend on the fuel to lubricate moving parts, so the lubricating qualities of the fuel are a key consideration in assessing the reliability of the fuel system. The fuel may also corrode parts of the fuels system, also affecting its reliability. Increased fuel system reliability is possible through selecting components for the fuel system which are compatible with the characteristics of the fuel used. Lubrication can be improved by the use of fuel additives, special materials, and design of components for poorly lubricating fuels. Corrosion can be reduced by good materials selection and by the use of cathodic protection. All of these measures will reduce the number of fuel system failures.
Systematic Comparison of Operating Reserve Methodologies: Preprint
Ibanez, E.; Krad, I.; Ela, E.
Operating reserve requirements are a key component of modern power systems, and they contribute to maintaining reliable operations with minimum economic impact. No universal method exists for determining reserve requirements, thus there is a need for a thorough study and performance comparison of the different existing methodologies. Increasing penetrations of variable generation (VG) on electric power systems are posed to increase system uncertainty and variability, thus the need for additional reserve also increases. This paper presents background information on operating reserve and its relationship to VG. A consistent comparison of three methodologies to calculate regulating and flexibility reserve in systems with VG is performed.
Bridging Resilience Engineering and Human Reliability Analysis
Ronald L. Boring
There has been strong interest in the new and emerging field called resilience engineering. This field has been quick to align itself with many existing safety disciplines, but it has also distanced itself from the field of human reliability analysis. To date, the discussion has been somewhat one-sided, with much discussion about the new insights afforded by resilience engineering. This paper presents an attempt to address resilience engineering from the perspective of human reliability analysis (HRA). It is argued that HRA shares much in common with resilience engineering and that, in fact, it can help strengthen nascent ideas in resilience engineering. This paper seeks to clarify and ultimately refute the arguments that have served to divide HRA and resilience engineering.
Electronic logic for enhanced switch reliability
Cooper, J.A.
A logic circuit is used to enhance redundant switch reliability. Two or more switches are monitored for logical high or low output. The output for the logic circuit produces a redundant and fail-safe representation of the switch outputs. When both switch outputs are high, the output is high. Similarly, when both switch outputs are low, the logic circuit's output is low. When the output states of the two switches do not agree, the circuit resolves the conflict by memorizing the last output state which both switches were simultaneously in and produces the logical complement of this output state. Thus, the logic circuit of the present invention allows the redundant switches to be treated as if they were in parallel when the switches are open and as if they were in series when the switches are closed. A failsafe system having maximum reliability is thereby produced.
The Lightswitch Wizard -- reliable daylight simulations
For Initial Design; C. F. Morrison; M. Dubrous; C. F. Reinhart ?; M. Morrison; F. Dubrous
A web-based, non-expert daylighting analysis tool has been developed to support daylighting-related design decisions in peripheral private offices during an early design stage (http://buildwiz.com). The tool offers a comparative, reliable, and fast analysis of the annual amount of daylight in the offices (daylight factor and daylight autonomy) and the lighting energy performance of automated lighting controls (occupancy sensors, photocells) compared to standard on/off switches. Blinds are either manually or automatically controlled.
Changpin Li; Weihua Deng
In this Letter, we derive a sufficient condition of synchronizing limit sets (attractors and repellers) by using the linear feedback control technique proposed here. There examples are included. The numerical simulations and computer graphics show that our method work well.
Thomas M. Stace
The precision of typical thermometers consisting of $N$ particles is shot noise limited, improving as $\\sim1/\\sqrt{N}$. For high precision thermometry and thermometric standards this presents an important theoretical noise floor. Here it is demonstrated that thermometry may be mapped onto the problem of phase estimation, and using techniques from optimal phase estimation, it follows that the scaling of the precision of a thermometer may in principle be improved to $\\sim1/N$, representing a Heisenberg limit to thermometry.
Pentland, Alex Paul
The Internet and social media have enabled the mobilization of large crowds to achieve time-critical feats, ranging from mapping crises in real time, to organizing mass rallies, to conducting search-and-rescue operations ...
Real Time Grid Reliability Management 2005
Eto, Joe
81] M. A. Pai, "Power System Stability", Amsterdam, Thefast analysis of power system stability limit load flows",Kimbark, E.W. , Power System Stability, Volume 1: Elements
Twist operators in higher dimensions
Ling-Yan Hung; Robert C. Myers; Michael Smolkin
We study twist operators in higher dimensional CFT's. In particular, we express their conformal dimension in terms of the energy density for the CFT in a particular thermal ensemble. We construct an expansion of the conformal dimension in power series around n=1, with n being replica parameter. We show that the coefficients in this expansion are determined by higher point correlations of the energy-momentum tensor. In particular, the first and second terms, i.e. the first and second derivatives of the scaling dimension, have a simple universal form. We test these results using holography and free field theory computations, finding agreement in both cases. We also consider the `operator product expansion' of spherical twist operators and finally, we examine the behaviour of correlators of twist operators with other operators in the limit n ->1.
Flow reversal power limit for the HFBR
Cheng, Lap Y.; Tichler, P.R.
The High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR) undergoes a buoyancy-driven reversal of flow in the reactor core following certain postulated accidents. Uncertainties about the afterheat removal capability during the flow reversal has limited the reactor operating power to 30 MW. An experimental and analytical program to address these uncertainties is described in this report. The experiments were single channel flow reversal tests under a range of conditions. The analytical phase involved simulations of the tests to benchmark the physical models and development of a criterion for dryout. The criterion is then used in simulations of reactor accidents to determine a safe operating power level. It is concluded that the limit on the HFBR operating power with respect to the issue of flow reversal is in excess of 60 MW.
NREL Publishes Gearbox Reliability Collaborative Findings Report...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
failures require expensive and time-consuming replacement, significantly increasing the cost of wind plant operation while reducing the plant's power output and revenue. In an...
Reliable, Economic, Efficient CO2 Heat Pump Water Heater for North America
Radcliff, Thomas D; Sienel, Tobias; Huff, Hans-Joachim; Thompson, Adrian; Sadegh, Payman; Olsommer, Benoit; Park, Young
Adoption of heat pump water heating technology for commercial hot water could save up to 0.4 quads of energy and 5 million metric tons of CO2 production annually in North America, but industry perception is that this technology does not offer adequate performance or reliability and comes at too high of a cost. Development and demonstration of a CO2 heat pump water heater is proposed to reduce these barriers to adoption. Three major themes are addressed: market analysis to understand barriers to adoption, use of advanced reliability models to design optimum qualification test plans, and field testing of two phases of water heater prototypes. Market experts claim that beyond good performance, market adoption requires 'drop and forget' system reliability and a six month payback of first costs. Performance, reliability and cost targets are determined and reliability models are developed to evaluate the minimum testing required to meet reliability targets. Three phase 1 prototypes are designed and installed in the field. Based on results from these trials a product specification is developed and a second phase of five field trial units are built and installed. These eight units accumulate 11 unit-years of service including 15,650 hours and 25,242 cycles of compressor operation. Performance targets can be met. An availability of 60% is achieved and the capability to achieve >90% is demonstrated, but overall reliability is below target, with an average of 3.6 failures/unit-year on the phase 2 demonstration. Most reliability issues are shown to be common to new HVAC products, giving high confidence in mature product reliability, but the need for further work to minimize leaks and ensure reliability of the electronic expansion valve is clear. First cost is projected to be above target, leading to an expectation of 8-24 month payback when substituted for an electric water heater. Despite not meeting all targets, arguments are made that an industry leader could sufficiently develop this technology to impact the water heater market in the near term.
Reliability Evaluation of Electric Power Generation Systems with Solar Power
Samadi, Saeed
reliability evaluation of generation systems including Photovoltaic (PV) and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants. Unit models of PV and CSP are developed first, and then generation system model is constructed to evaluate the reliability of generation systems...
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
................................................................................... 4 4. Loss of Load Probability: A Historical Perspective ................................................................................. 8 6. Pitfalls in Methods for Reliability Index Calculation............................................................ 27 C. Activities and Organizations Developing and Sharing Information on Reliability and Power
Reliability as a measure of transportation system performance
Jackson, Dena Delise
This investigation involved a comparative analysis to assess the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of seven previously proposed methods of measuring travel time reliability. For each method, reliability was calculated using a l2-week...
Gearbox Reliability Collaborative - Phase 1 and 2 Overview (Presentation)
Link, H.
The presentation given at the Wind Turbine Reliability Workshop at Sandia National Laboratories, August 2-3, 2011, serves as an overview for the findings from the Gearbox Reliability Collaborative Project Report: Findings from Phase 1 and Phase 2 Testing
Reliability of the generation supply in an interconnected power system
Holditch, Damon Will
method of calculating generation supply reliability was first described by Calabrese. This method has been expanded and refined by numerous other authors. The reliability figure of meri. t usually calculated using Calabrese's method is called loss...
Ensuring the Availability and Reliability of Urea Dosing For...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Ensuring the Availability and Reliability of Urea Dosing For On-Road and Non-Road Ensuring the Availability and Reliability of Urea Dosing For On-Road and Non-Road 2003 DEER...
actions human reliability: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
reliability is not easy Paris-Sud XI, Universit de 171 Software Reliability Using SPC and Weibull Order Statistics CiteSeer Summary: Control charts are widely used for...
Energy Department Invests Over $10 Million to Improve Grid Reliability...
10 Million to Improve Grid Reliability and Resiliency Energy Department Invests Over 10 Million to Improve Grid Reliability and Resiliency June 11, 2014 - 6:20pm Addthis NEWS...
Composite System based Multi-Area Reliability Evaluation
Nagarajan, Ramya
of such systems. Multi - area reliability evaluation is typically done by considering equivalent tie lines between different areas in an integrated power system. It gives approximate results for the reliability indices of a power system as it models each...
McBranch, D.W.; Mattes, B.R.; Koskelo, A.C.; Heeger, A.J.; Robinson, J.M.; Smilowitz, L.B.; Klimov, V.I.; Cha, M.; Sariciftci, N.S.; Hummelen, J.C.
Methanofullerenes, fulleroids and/or other fullerenes chemically altered for enhanced solubility, in liquid solution, and in solid blends with transparent glass (SiO{sub 2}) gels or polymers, or semiconducting (conjugated) polymers, are shown to be useful as optical limiters (optical surge protectors). The nonlinear absorption is tunable such that the energy transmitted through such blends saturates at high input energy per pulse over a wide range of wavelengths from 400--1,100 nm by selecting the host material for its absorption wavelength and ability to transfer the absorbed energy into the optical limiting composition dissolved therein. This phenomenon should be generalizable to other compositions than substituted fullerenes. 5 figs.
Final report on reliability and lifetime prediction.
Gillen, Kenneth Todd; Wise, Jonathan; Jones, Gary D.; Causa, Al G. [Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, OH; Terrill, Edward R. [Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, OH; Borowczak, Marc [Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, OH
This document highlights the important results obtained from the subtask of the Goodyear CRADA devoted to better understanding reliability of tires and to developing better lifetime prediction methods. The overall objective was to establish the chemical and physical basis for the degradation of tires using standard as well as unique models and experimental techniques. Of particular interest was the potential application of our unique modulus profiling apparatus for assessing tire properties and for following tire degradation. During the course of this complex investigation, extensive relevant information was generated, including experimental results, data analyses and development of models and instruments. Detailed descriptions of the findings are included in this report.
The quantitative failure of human reliability analysis
Bennett, C.T.
This philosophical treatise argues the merits of Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) in the context of the nuclear power industry. Actually, the author attacks historic and current HRA as having failed in informing policy makers who make decisions based on risk that humans contribute to systems performance. He argues for an HRA based on Bayesian (fact-based) inferential statistics, which advocates a systems analysis process that employs cogent heuristics when using opinion, and tempers itself with a rational debate over the weight given subjective and empirical probabilities.
Granite Reliable Power | Open Energy Information
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Microsoft Word - Pv Reliability Paper.doc
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative1 First Use of Energy for All Purposes (Fuel and Nonfuel), 2002; Level: National5Sales for4,645U.S. DOEThe Bonneville PowerCherries 82981-1cnHighandSWPA / SPRA / USACE LMI-EFRCAddendumNo. 1 Contract0 1RELIABILITY AND
An evaluation of the reliability and usefulness of external-initiator PRA (probabilistic risk analysis) methodologies
Budnitz, R.J.; Lambert, H.E. (Future Resources Associates, Inc., Berkeley, CA (USA))
The discipline of probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) has become so mature in recent years that it is now being used routinely to assist decision-making throughout the nuclear industry. This includes decision-making that affects design, construction, operation, maintenance, and regulation. Unfortunately, not all sub-areas within the larger discipline of PRA are equally mature,'' and therefore the many different types of engineering insights from PRA are not all equally reliable. 93 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Qualitative human reliability analysis for spent fuel handling
Brewer, J. D. [Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185-0748 (United States); Amico, P. [Science Applications International Corporation (United States); Cooper, S. E. [United Stated Nuclear Regulatory Commission (United States)
Human reliability analysis (HRA) methods have been developed primarily to provide information for use in probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs) that analyze nuclear power plant (NPP) operations. Given the original emphasis of these methods, it is understandable that many HRAs have not ventured far from NPP control room applications. Despite this historical focus on the control room, there has been growing interest and discussion regarding the application of HRA methods to other NPP activities such as spent fuel handling (SFH) or operations in different types of facilities. One recently developed HRA method, 'A Technique for Human Event Analysis' (ATHEANA) has been proposed as a promising candidate for diverse applications due to its particular approach for systematically uncovering the dynamic, contextual conditions influencing human performance. This paper describes one successful test of this proposition by presenting portions of a recently completed project in which a scoping study was performed to accomplish the following goals: (1) investigate what should be included in a qualitative HRA for spent fuel and cask handling operations; and (2) demonstrate that the ATHEANA HRA technique can be usefully applied to these operations. The preliminary, scoping qualitative HRA examined, in a generic manner, how human performance of SFH and dry cask storage operations (DCSOs) can plausibly lead to radiological consequences that impact the public and the environment. The study involved the performance of typical, qualitative HRA tasks such as collecting relevant information and the preliminary identification of human failure events or unsafe actions, relevant influences (e.g., performance shaping factors, other contextual factors), event scenario development and categorization of human failure event (HFE) scenario groupings. Information from relevant literature sources was augmented with subject matter expert interviews and analysis of an edited video of selected operations. Elements of NUREG-1792, Good Practices for Implementing Human Reliability Analyses (HRA) and NUREG-1624, Rev. 1, Technical Basis and Implementation Guidelines for A Technique for Human Event Analysis (ATHEANA) formed critical parts of the technical basis for the preliminary analysis. Mis-loading of spent fuel into a cask and dropping of a loaded cask were the two human failure event groupings of primary interest, although all human performance aspects of DCSOs were considered to some extent. Of important note is that HRA is typically performed in the context of a plant-specific PRA study. This analysis was performed without the benefit of the context provided by a larger PRA study, nor was it plant specific, and so it investigated only generic HRA issues relevant to SFH. However, the improved understanding of human performance issues provided by the study will likely enhance the ability to carry out a detailed qualitative HRA for a specific NPP at some point in the future. Furthermore, support was obtained regarding the potential for applying ATHEANA beyond NPP settings. This paper provides a description of the process followed during the analysis, a description of the HFE scenario groupings, discussion regarding general human performance vulnerabilities, and a detailed examination of one HFE scenario developed in the study. (authors)
Photovoltaic Module Reliability Workshop 2013: February 26-27, 2013
Kurtz, S.
NREL's Photovoltaic (PV) Module Reliability Workshop (PVMRW) brings together PV reliability experts to share information, leading to the improvement of PV module reliability. Such improvement reduces the cost of solar electricity and promotes investor confidence in the technology--both critical goals for moving PV technologies deeper into the electricity marketplace.
Photovoltaic Module Reliability Workshop 2010: February 18-19, 2010
Kurtz, J.
NREL's Photovoltaic (PV) Module Reliability Workshop (PVMRW) brings together PV reliability experts to share information, leading to the improvement of PV module reliability. Such improvement reduces the cost of solar electricity and promotes investor confidence in the technology--both critical goals for moving PV technologies deeper into the electricity marketplace.
Photovoltaic Module Reliability Workshop 2011: February 16-17, 2011
Kurtz, S.
NREL's Photovoltaic (PV) Module Reliability Workshop (PVMRW) brings together PV reliability experts to share information, leading to the improvement of PV module reliability. Such improvement reduces the cost of solar electricity and promotes investor confidence in the technology--both critical goals for moving PV technologies deeper into the electricity marketplace.
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
, available automatic test equipment for integrated circuits (ICs) can be leveraged [2]. The reliabilityELECTROMECHANICAL RELIABILITY TESTING OF THREE-AXIAL SILICON FORCE SENSORS S. Spinner1,2, J the measurement results. 1. INTRODUCTION The reliability of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) receives growing
Reliability-Centric High-Level Synthesis , N. Mansouri
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
critical applications, poor reliability can be catastrophic in terms of both human and equipment cost1 Reliability-Centric High-Level Synthesis S. Tosun , N. Mansouri , E. Arvas , M. Kandemir-down. As a result, it is becoming necessary to treat reliability as a first-class citizen in system design
Design Strategy for a Formally Verified Reliable Computing Platform
Butler, Ricky W.
must demonstrate that these systems meet stringent reliability requirements. Flight critical components the manu facturing of electronic devices with failure rates low enough to meet the reliability of the system in the presence of component failures. The first task must therefore cal culate the reliability
Photovoltaic Module Reliability Workshop 2014: February 25-26, 2014
Kurtz, S.
NREL's Photovoltaic (PV) Module Reliability Workshop (PVMRW) brings together PV reliability experts to share information, leading to the improvement of PV module reliability. Such improvement reduces the cost of solar electricity and promotes investor confidence in the technology--both critical goals for moving PV technologies deeper into the electricity marketplace.
Estimation of Photovoltaic System Reliability and Performance Metrics
Liberzon, Daniel
1 Estimation of Photovoltaic System Reliability and Performance Metrics Sairaj V. Dhople, Student reliability and perfor- mance analysis of grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) systems is for- mulated using Markov and energy yield, and reliability metrics such as availability. The paper also provides an analytical method
Photovoltaic Module Reliability Workshop 2012: February 28 - March 1, 2012
Kurtz, S.
NREL's Photovoltaic (PV) Module Reliability Workshop (PVMRW) brings together PV reliability experts to share information, leading to the improvement of PV module reliability. Such improvement reduces the cost of solar electricity and promotes investor confidence in the technology--both critical goals for moving PV technologies deeper into the electricity marketplace.
Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Reliable Distributed Systems
Firenze, Universitŕ degli Studi di
Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Reliable Distributed Systems Shambhu J. Upadhyaya, Senior Member, designers, and implementers of distributed systems, with emphasis on system properties such as reliability with the 19th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems held at Nuernberg, Germany, 2000, but the topics
Bayesian Networks and Evidence Theory to Model Complex Systems Reliability
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
, infrastructure of water distribution or electricity. The reliability studies of such systems are consequentlyBayesian Networks and Evidence Theory to Model Complex Systems Reliability Ch. SIMON, Ph. WEBER, firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract-- This paper deals with the use of Bayesian Net- works to compute system reliability of complex
Puget Sound Area Electric Reliability Plan : Draft Environmental Impact State.
United States. Bonneville Power Administration.
The Puget Sound Area Electric Reliability Plan Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) identifies the alternatives for solving a power system problem in the Puget Sound area. This Plan is undertaken by Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), Puget Sound Power Light, Seattle City Light, Snohomish Public Utility District No. 1 (PUD), and Tacoma Public Utilities. The Plan consists of potential actions in Puget Sound and other areas in the State of Washington. A specific need exists in the Puget Sound area for balance between east-west transmission capacity and the increasing demand to import power generated east of the Cascades. At certain times of the year, there is more demand for power than the electric system can supply in the Puget Sound area. This high demand, called peak demand, occurs during the winter months when unusually cold weather increases electricity use for heating. The existing power system can supply enough power if no emergencies occur. However, during emergencies, the system will not operate properly. As demand grows, the system becomes more strained. To meet demand, the rate of growth of demand must be reduced or the ability to serve the demand must be increased, or both. The plan to balance Puget Sound's power demand and supply has these purposes: The plan should define a set of actions that would accommodate ten years of load growth (1994--2003). Federal and State environmental quality requirements should be met. The plan should be consistent with the plans of the Northwest Power Planning Council. The plan should serve as a consensus guideline for coordinated utility action. The plan should be flexible to accommodate uncertainties and differing utility needs. The plan should balance environmental impacts and economic costs. The plan should provide electric system reliability consistent with customer expectations. 29 figs., 24 tabs.
Puget Sound area electric reliability plan. Draft environmental impact statement
Not Available
The Puget Sound Area Electric Reliability Plan Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) identifies the alternatives for solving a power system problem in the Puget Sound area. This Plan is undertaken by Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), Puget Sound Power & Light, Seattle City Light, Snohomish Public Utility District No. 1 (PUD), and Tacoma Public Utilities. The Plan consists of potential actions in Puget Sound and other areas in the State of Washington. A specific need exists in the Puget Sound area for balance between east-west transmission capacity and the increasing demand to import power generated east of the Cascades. At certain times of the year, there is more demand for power than the electric system can supply in the Puget Sound area. This high demand, called peak demand, occurs during the winter months when unusually cold weather increases electricity use for heating. The existing power system can supply enough power if no emergencies occur. However, during emergencies, the system will not operate properly. As demand grows, the system becomes more strained. To meet demand, the rate of growth of demand must be reduced or the ability to serve the demand must be increased, or both. The plan to balance Puget Sound`s power demand and supply has these purposes: The plan should define a set of actions that would accommodate ten years of load growth (1994--2003). Federal and State environmental quality requirements should be met. The plan should be consistent with the plans of the Northwest Power Planning Council. The plan should serve as a consensus guideline for coordinated utility action. The plan should be flexible to accommodate uncertainties and differing utility needs. The plan should balance environmental impacts and economic costs. The plan should provide electric system reliability consistent with customer expectations. 29 figs., 24 tabs.
Operating Experience Review of the INL HTE Gas Monitoring System
L. C. Cadwallader; K. G. DeWall
This paper describes the operations of several types of gas monitors in use at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) High Temperature Electrolysis Experiment (HTE) laboratory. The gases monitored at hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. The operating time, calibration, and unwanted alarms are described. The calibration session time durations are described. Some simple statistics are given for the reliability of these monitors and the results are compared to operating experiences of other types of monitors.
Transmission and Storage Operations
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Reliability Engineer November 12, 2014 Agenda * DTE Gas Snapshot * NOx & CO - Combustion stability * Methane - Packing - Blowdowns * Capture vs Flare 2 SNAPSHOT * DTE Gas -...
In-Plant Reliability Data base for nuclear plant components. Interim report: diesel generators, batteries, chargers and inverters
Kahl, W.K.; Borkowski, R.J.
The objective of the In-Plant Reliability Data (IPRD) program is to develop a comprehensive, component-specific reliability data base for probabilistic risk assessment and for other statistical analyses relevant to component reliability evaluations. This document is the product of a pilot study that was undertaken to demonstrate the methodology and feasibility of applying IPRDS techniques to develop and analyze the reliability characteristics of key electrical components in five nuclear power plants. These electrical components include diesel generators, batteries, battery chargers and inverters. The sources used to develop the data base and produce the component failure rates and mean repair times were the plant equipment lists, plant drawings, maintenance work requests, Final Safety Analysis Reports (FSARs), and interviews with plant personnel. The data spanned approximately 33 reactor-years of commercial operation.
Field Operations Program Activities Status Report
J. E. Francfort; D. V. O'Hara; L. A. Slezak
The Field Operations Program is an electric vehicle testing and evaluation program sponsored by US Department of Energy and managed by the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. The Program's goals are to evaluate electric vehicles in real-world applications and environments, support electric vehicle technology advancement, develop infrastructure elements necessary to support significant electric vehicle use, support increased use of electric vehicles in federal fleets, and increase overall awareness and acceptance of electric vehicles. This report covers Program activities from fiscal year 1997 through mid-fiscal year 1999. The Field Operations Program succeeded the Site Operator Program, which ended in September 1996. Electric vehicle testing conducted by the Program includes baseline performance testing (EV America testing), accelerated reliability (life-cycle) testing, and fleet testing. The baseline performance parameters include accelerations, braking, range, energy efficiency, and charging time. The Program collects accelerated reliability and fleet operations data on electric vehicles operated by the Program's Qualified Vehicle Testing (QVT) partners. The Program's QVT partners have over 3 million miles of electric vehicle operating experience.
Enhanced Component Performance Study: Motor-Operated Valves 1998–2012
T. E. Wierman
This report presents an enhanced performance evaluation of motor-operated valves (MOVs) at U.S. commercial nuclear power plants. The data used in this study are based on the operating experience failure reports from fiscal year 1998 through 2012 for the component reliability as reported in the Equipment Performance and Information Exchange (EPIX). The MOV failure modes considered are failure to open/close, failure to operate or control, and spurious operation. The component reliability estimates and the reliability data are trended for the most recent 10-year period while yearly estimates for reliability are provided for the entire active period. No statistically significant increasing trends were identified in the MOV results. Statistically significant decreasing trends were identified for failure to open/close and operation demands.
Adhesion and Thin-Film Module Reliability
McMahon, T. J.; Jorgenson, G. J.
Among the infrequently measured but essential properties for thin-film (T-F) module reliability are the interlayer adhesion and cohesion within a layer. These can be cell contact layers to glass, contact layers to the semiconductor, encapsulant to cell, glass, or backsheet, etc. We use an Instron mechanical testing unit to measure peel strengths at 90deg or 180deg and, in some cases, a scratch and tape pull test to evaluate inter-cell layer adhesion strengths. We present peel strength data for test specimens laminated from the three T-F technologies, before and after damp heat, and in one instance at elevated temperatures. On laminated T-F cell samples, failure can occur uniformly at any one of the many interfaces, or non-uniformly across the peel area at more than one interface. Some peel strengths are Lt1 N/mm. This is far below the normal ethylene vinyl acetate/glass interface values of >10 N/mm. We measure a wide range of adhesion strengths and suggest that adhesion measured under higher temperature and relative humidity conditions is more relevant for module reliability.
Communication Reliability in Network on Chip Designs
Kumar, Reeshav
The performance of low latency Network on Chip (NoC) architectures, which incorporate fast bypass paths to reduce communication latency, is limited by crosstalk induced skewing of signal transitions on link wires. As a result of crosstalk...
Stochastic Methods in Reliability and Risk Management This volume focuses on stochastic methods developed for reliability modeling and risk
Li, Haijun
such as quantitative risk management, decision analysis under uncertainty, and their applications in areas methods developed for reliability modeling and risk analysis. Reliability theory and risk analysis have. This special volume highlights this convergence of reliability modeling and risk analysis, that forms the core
On the possibility of using models of reliability theory for technical systems to investigate the reliability of energy systems
Rudenko, Yu.N.; Ushakov, I.A.
Certain features of mathematical models of energy-system reliability are analyzed. Mathematical models employed in reliability theory for technical systems are considered together with the possibility of modifying them for use in the solution of problems associated with ensuring the reliability of energy systems.
On the limiting absorption principle and spectra of quantum graphs
Beng-Seong Ong
The main result of the article is validity of the limiting absorption principle and thus absence of the singular continuous spectrum for compact quantum graphs with several infinite leads attached. The technique used involves Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators.
Reliable algorithms for power system analysis in the presence of data uncertainties
Dimitrovski, Aleksandar D [ORNL; Tomsovic, Kevin [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Vaccaro, Alfredo [University of Sannio
A robust and reliable power flow analysis represents an essential requirement for many power systems applications as far as network optimization, voltage control, state estimation, and service restoration are concerned. The most common power flow approach, referred to here as a deterministic power flow (PLF), requires precise or 'crisp' values chosen by the analyst for each input variable. The solution provides precise network voltages and flows through each line. The specified values rest upon assumptions about the operating condition derived from historical measurements or predictions about future conditions and thus, cannot be considered accurate. Even in the case where the inputs are based on measurements, inaccuracies arise from time-skew problems, three-phase unbalance, static modeling approximations of dynamic components (e.g., transformer tap changers), variations in line parameters, and so on. The advent of deregulation and competitive power markets will only exacerbate this problem as well-known generation patterns change, loading becomes less predictable and the transmission paths grow more diverse. Conventional methodologies proposed in literature address tolerance analysis of power flow solution by means of detailed probabilistic methods, accounting for the variability and stochastic nature of the input data, and sampling based approaches. In particular uncertainty propagation using sampling based methods, such as the Monte Carlo, requires several model runs that sample various combinations of input values. Since the number of model runs can sometimes be very large, the required computer resources can sometimes be prohibitively expensive resulting in substantial computational demands. As far as probabilistic methods are concerned, they represent a useful tool, especially for planning studies, but, as evidenced by the many discussions reported in literature, they could reveal some shortcomings principally arising from: (1) the non-normal distribution and the statistical dependence of the input data; and (2) the difficulty arising in accurately identifying probability distributions for some input data, such as the power generated by wind or photovoltaic generators. All these could result in time consuming computations with several limitations in practical applications especially in power flow analysis of complex power networks. In order to try and overcome some of these limitations, obtaining thereby comprehensive power flow solution tolerance analysis at adequate computational costs, self validated computation could play a crucial role. Armed with such a vision, this chapter will analyze two advanced techniques for power flow analysis in the presence of data uncertainty namely the boundary power flow and the affine arithmetic power flow.
Chiller Plant Design Goals Low operating cost
3/9/09 1 2 Chiller Plant Design Goals · Low operating cost ÂEnergy Efficiency ÂNo full time staffing · Reliability Â24/7  365 ÂMaintainability · Future expansion capability #12;3/9/09 2 3 Chiller T 4 Chiller Plant Electrical · Electrical ÂN+1 transformer capacity Â4160 volt Compressor Motors
Trading off Reliability and Power-Consumption in Ultra-Low Power Systems Atul Maheshwari, Wayne Burleson and Russell Tessier
Tessier, Russell
Trading off Reliability and Power-Consumption in Ultra-Low Power Systems Atul Maheshwari, Wayne but also for ultra-low power consumption due to limited battery life. This paper explores architecture (Binary and Gray) we show that temporal re- dundancy is best suited for these ultra-low power and low
Oversight Scheduling and Operational Awareness at the Savannah...
Office of Environmental Management (EM)
on oversight be postponed until contract negotiations with Parsons are completed. 5. As an operational awareness activity, the Site Lead performed a limited-scope review of...
assisted lean operation: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Portman, Douglas 31 Combustion lean limits fundamentals and their application to a SI hydrogen-enhanced engine concept MIT - DSpace Summary: Operating an engine with excess...
Reliability Engineering and System Safety 92 (2007) 609618 The nuclear industry's transition to risk-informed regulation and
improvement in safety based on Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) performance indicatorsReliability Engineering and System Safety 92 (2007) 609618 The nuclear industry's transition a Nuclear Science and Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
Cw rf operation of the FMIT RFQ
Fazio, M.V.; Brandeberry, F.E.
The 80-MHz RFQ for the Fusion Materials Irradiation Test Facility prototype accelerator has been rf conditioned for cw operation to the design field level of 17.5 MV/m (1.68 x Kilpatrick limit). Experimental results and operating experience will be discussed.
Investigation of the Role of Trap States in Solar Cell Reliability using Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy
Bezryadina, Anna Sergeyevna
of PV materials Reliability of photovoltaic materials isof photovoltaic (PV) technologies. PV reliability andPhotovoltaic's Properties and Characterization .. 9 1.5. Degradation and Reliability
Leskovar, B.
to the designer of high-reliability equipment and systems.HDBK-217B, Reliability Prediction of Electronic Equipment,217B-Reliability Prediction of Electronic Equipment provides
Joint first-passage probability, and reliability of systems under Stochastic excitation
Song, J; Kiureghian, A D
and reliability of electrical substation equipment andthe reliability of a system of interconnected equipmentthe reliability of a system of inter- connected equipment
Advancing Usability Evaluation through Human Reliability Analysis
Ronald L. Boring; David I. Gertman
This paper introduces a novel augmentation to the current heuristic usability evaluation methodology. The SPAR-H human reliability analysis method was developed for categorizing human performance in nuclear power plants. Despite the specialized use of SPAR-H for safety critical scenarios, the method also holds promise for use in commercial off-the-shelf software usability evaluations. The SPAR-H method shares task analysis underpinnings with human-computer interaction, and it can be easily adapted to incorporate usability heuristics as performance shaping factors. By assigning probabilistic modifiers to heuristics, it is possible to arrive at the usability error probability (UEP). This UEP is not a literal probability of error but nonetheless provides a quantitative basis to heuristic evaluation. When combined with a consequence matrix for usability errors, this method affords ready prioritization of usability issues.
Nuclear Power - Control, Reliability and Human Factors
Instrumentation and Control 49 H.M. Hashemian Chapter 4 Design Considerations for the Implementation of a Mobile IP Telephony System in a Nuclear Power Plant 67 J. Garc?a-Hern?ndez, J. C. Vel?zquez- Hern?ndez, C. F. Garc?a-Hern?ndez and M. A. Vallejo-Alarc?n... Reliability K s e n i i a Sapoz h n i k o v a and Roald Tayma n o v D.I.Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology, Russia 1. Introduction At present, a great number of embedded sens o r devi c es provi d e monito r i n g of operat i n g condi t io n...
Ronald L. Boring; David I. Gertman; Katya Le Blanc
This paper provides a characterization of human reliability analysis (HRA) issues for computerized procedures in nuclear power plant control rooms. It is beyond the scope of this paper to propose a new HRA approach or to recommend specific methods or refinements to those methods. Rather, this paper provides a review of HRA as applied to traditional paper-based procedures, followed by a discussion of what specific factors should additionally be considered in HRAs for computerized procedures. Performance shaping factors and failure modes unique to computerized procedures are highlighted. Since there is no definitive guide to HRA for paper-based procedures, this paper also serves to clarify the existing guidance on paper-based procedures before delving into the unique aspects of computerized procedures.
Renewable Resource Integration Project - Scoping Study of Strategic Transmission, Operations, and Reliability Issues
Budhraja, Vikram
May 30, 2008. California Power Plant Database, [http://Energy Commission California Power Plant Database; 2006 of aging power plant generation in the Southern California
Towards the development of a reliable reconfigurable real-time operating system on FPGAs
Hong, Chuan
In the last two decades, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have been rapidly developed from simple "glue-logic" to a powerful platform capable of implementing a System on Chip (SoC). Modern FPGAs achieve not only ...
Renewable Resource Integration Project - Scoping Study of Strategic Transmission, Operations, and Reliability Issues
Budhraja, Vikram
The 20,000 MW of renewable resources to be developed will greater utilization of renewable resources and meeting the of renewable resources. ..16 Table 8.
Integration of renewable energy sources: reliability-constrained power system planning and operations using computational intelligence
Wang, Lingfeng
Renewable sources of energy such as wind turbine generators and solar panels have attracted much attention because they are environmentally friendly, do not consume fossil fuels, and can enhance a nation's energy security. As a result, recently more...
Renewable Resource Integration Project - Scoping Study of Strategic Transmission, Operations, and Reliability Issues
Budhraja, Vikram
Devers, Antelope and Vincent; solar thermal at Lugo; and scale development of wind, solar thermal, and geothermal within load centers. Solar Thermal—7,000 MW total, with
MBTA Green Line 3-car train operating plans to enhance capacity and reliability
Malikova, Alexandra A
Transit agencies face a variety of challenges, from increasing ridership to changes in infrastructure, to system expansions, all of which require significant preparation to accommodate the changes without affecting passengers ...
Renewable Resource Integration Project - Scoping Study of Strategic Transmission, Operations, and Reliability Issues
Budhraja, Vikram
in 2020. Table 4. Renewable Energy and Capacity—200612 Table 4. Renewable Energy and Capacity—2006 Recorded,In-State Renewable energy and capacity requirements for 20%
Renewable Resource Integration Project - Scoping Study of Strategic Transmission, Operations, and Reliability Issues
Budhraja, Vikram
13 Table 6. 2006 Renewable Energy & Estimated Requirementsin 2020. Table 4. Renewable Energy and Capacity—2006for transfer of renewable energy from the L.A. Basin Area
A Markov method for generating capacity reliability evaluation including operating considerations
Asgarpoor, Sohrab
) ~ ~ ( 100) 5(100), KAPS(100) ~ ALPHA( 100) O(20, 900) IF(900) I, V(400) R(900) H(20) CAP(20), UNN(20) LAM(20), MEW(20) LOAD(100) 1 s(20) NT(6000 2) ST(200) CAPP(100) ~ CAPS( IGQI, E(100 100) I MA(100) SA(100) 58(20 ~ 100) ~ SO(20 ~ 100) SC(100) SE(100...) ~ SN(100) '3(MENSIQN LOSP( 100) . P T(100), IR(20, (00) PR ( 100) C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C DOUBLE PRECISION GI, P A 8 C C E, S PT PR FR I. '(TEGER H, Q 0 V, CAP, W SU, I CD CA JNN HE, H2 I, ST, SA 58 SD SC SE ~ SN I, SPRS REAL...
Renewable Resource Integration Project - Scoping Study of Strategic Transmission, Operations, and Reliability Issues
Budhraja, Vikram
production level from small hydro as recorded in 2006. kWH Geothermal Biomass Small Hydro 830 est Wind Solar TotalRPS Geothermal Biomass Small Hydro 830 est Wind Solar Total
Renewable Resource Integration Project - Scoping Study of Strategic Transmission, Operations, and Reliability Issues
Budhraja, Vikram
for transfer of renewable energy from the L.A. Basin Area April 2008. Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative. Commission Competitive Renewable Energy Zones California
Applications of Automatic Vehicle Location systems towards improving service reliability and operations planning in London
Ehrlich, Joseph Emanuel
Technological advances in the transit industry, such as the introduction of Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) systems, have provided agencies with robust data collection and measurement systems and enabled the development ...
Design and implementation of a reliable reconfigurable real-time operating system (R3TOS)
Iturbe, Xabier
Twenty-first century Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are no longer used for implementing simple "glue logic" functions. They have become complex arrays of reconfigurable logic resources and memories as well as ...
Renewable Resource Integration Project - Scoping Study of Strategic Transmission, Operations, and Reliability Issues
Budhraja, Vikram
Energy Policy Report 2007 Commission Final Report. 2030 capacity estimates for wind and Policy Report 2007 Commission Final Report; Energy based on assumed capacity factors: 90% for geothermal and biomass; 30% for wind and
Property:Do Records of Operation of System Prove Reliable Performance? |
AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov YouKizildere I Geothermal PwerPerkins County, Nebraska:PrecourtOid Jump to: navigation, searchtoPage. SubpropertiesOpen
Science/Fusion Energy Sciences/ Facility Operations FY 2007 Congressional Budget
quantitative analysis of safety requirements, equipment reliability, and research needs. Funds also provide to be operated without plasma disruptions, leading to power plant designs that are simpler and more reliable than)/ General Purpose Equipment (GPE)/Other .................................. 3,176 3,189 3,930 These funds
Annual Report of the EURATOM/UKAEA Fusion Programme 2006/07 4 JET Operations
2006. The reliability and availability of the JET systems remained low during this period out a review of the reliability of JET systems, which took place in September 2006. All JET systems were reviewed and all the main equipment failures that had affected JET operation during the last few
Limits and Fits from Simplified Models
Sonneveld, Jory
An important tool for interpreting LHC searches for new physics are simplified models. They are characterized by a small number of parameters and thus often rely on a simplified description of particle production and decay dynamics. We compare the interpretation of current LHC searches for hadronic jets plus missing energy signatures within simplified models with the interpretation within complete supersymmetric and same-spin models of quark partners. We found that the differences between the mass limits derived from a simplified model and from the complete models are moderate given the current LHC sensitivity. We conclude that simplified models provide a reliable tool to interpret the current hadronic jets plus missing energy searches at the LHC in a more model-independent way.
Novel Low Cost, High Reliability Wind Turbine Drivetrain
Anthony Chobot; Debarshi Das; Tyler Mayer; Zach Markey; Tim Martinson; Hayden Reeve; Paul Attridge; Tahany El-Wardany
Clipper Windpower, in collaboration with United Technologies Research Center, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation, developed a low-cost, deflection-compliant, reliable, and serviceable chain drive speed increaser. This chain and sprocket drivetrain design offers significant breakthroughs in the areas of cost and serviceability and addresses the key challenges of current geared and direct-drive systems. The use of gearboxes has proven to be challenging; the large torques and bending loads associated with use in large multi-MW wind applications have generally limited demonstrated lifetime to 8-10 years [1]. The large cost of gearbox replacement and the required use of large, expensive cranes can result in gearbox replacement costs on the order of $1M, representing a significant impact to overall cost of energy (COE). Direct-drive machines eliminate the gearbox, thereby targeting increased reliability and reduced life-cycle cost. However, the slow rotational speeds require very large and costly generators, which also typically have an undesirable dependence on expensive rare-earth magnet materials and large structural penalties for precise air gap control. The cost of rare-earth materials has increased 20X in the last 8 years representing a key risk to ever realizing the promised cost of energy reductions from direct-drive generators. A common challenge to both geared and direct drive architectures is a limited ability to manage input shaft deflections. The proposed Clipper drivetrain is deflection-compliant, insulating later drivetrain stages and generators from off-axis loads. The system is modular, allowing for all key parts to be removed and replaced without the use of a high capacity crane. Finally, the technology modularity allows for scalability and many possible drivetrain topologies. These benefits enable reductions in drivetrain capital cost by 10.0%, levelized replacement and O&M costs by 26.7%, and overall cost of energy by 10.2%. This design was achieved by: (1) performing an extensive optimization study that deter-mined the preliminary cost for all practical chain drive topologies to ensure the most competitive configuration; (2) conducting detailed analysis of chain dynamics, contact stresses, and wear and efficiency characteristics over the chain�������¢����������������s life to ensure accurate physics-based predictions of chain performance; and (3) developing a final product design, including reliability analysis, chain replacement procedures, and bearing and sprocket analysis. Definition of this final product configuration was used to develop refined cost of energy estimates. Finally, key system risks for the chain drive were defined and a comprehensive risk reduction plan was created for execution in Phase 2.
Estimated Value of Service Reliability for Electric Utility Customers in the United States
Sullivan, M.J.; Mercurio, Matthew; Schellenberg, Josh
Information on the value of reliable electricity service can be used to assess the economic efficiency of investments in generation, transmission and distribution systems, to strategically target investments to customer segments that receive the most benefit from system improvements, and to numerically quantify the risk associated with different operating, planning and investment strategies. This paper summarizes research designed to provide estimates of the value of service reliability for electricity customers in the US. These estimates were obtained by analyzing the results from 28 customer value of service reliability studies conducted by 10 major US electric utilities over the 16 year period from 1989 to 2005. Because these studies used nearly identical interruption cost estimation or willingness-to-pay/accept methods it was possible to integrate their results into a single meta-database describing the value of electric service reliability observed in all of them. Once the datasets from the various studies were combined, a two-part regression model was used to estimate customer damage functions that can be generally applied to calculate customer interruption costs per event by season, time of day, day of week, and geographical regions within the US for industrial, commercial, and residential customers. Estimated interruption costs for different types of customers and of different duration are provided. Finally, additional research and development designed to expand the usefulness of this powerful database and analysis are suggested.
Optimization of Reliability of Network of Given Connectivity using Genetic Algorithm
Lam, Ho Tat
Reliability is one of the important measures of how well the system meets its design objective, and mathematically is the probability that a system will perform satisfactorily for at least a given period of time. When the system is described by a connected network of N components (nodes) and their L connection (links), the reliability of the system becomes a difficult network design problem which solutions are of great practical interest in science and engineering. This paper discusses the numerical method of finding the most reliable network for a given N and L using genetic algorithm. For a given topology of the network, the reliability is numerically computed using adjacency matrix. For a search in the space of all possible topologies of the connected network with N nodes and L links, genetic operators such as mutation and crossover are applied to the adjacency matrix through a string representation. In the context of graphs, the mutation of strings in genetic algorithm corresponds to the rewiring of graph...
Darmann, Francis Anthony
A fault current limiter (FCL) includes a series of high permeability posts for collectively define a core for the FCL. A DC coil, for the purposes of saturating a portion of the high permeability posts, surrounds the complete structure outside of an enclosure in the form of a vessel. The vessel contains a dielectric insulation medium. AC coils, for transporting AC current, are wound on insulating formers and electrically interconnected to each other in a manner such that the senses of the magnetic field produced by each AC coil in the corresponding high permeability core are opposing. There are insulation barriers between phases to improve dielectric withstand properties of the dielectric medium.
Using Accelerated Testing To Predict Module Reliability: Preprint
Wohlgemuth, J. H.; Kurtz, S.
Long-term reliability is critical to the cost effectiveness and commercial success of photovoltaic (PV) products. Today most PV modules are warranted for 25 years, but there is no accepted test protocol to validate a 25-year lifetime. The qualification tests do an excellent job of identifying design, materials, and process flaws that are likely to lead to premature failure (infant mortality), but they are not designed to test for wear-out mechanisms that limit lifetime. This paper presents a method for evaluating the ability of a new PV module technology to survive long-term exposure to specific stresses. The authors propose the use of baseline technologies with proven long-term field performance as controls in the accelerated stress tests. The performance of new-technology modules can then be evaluated versus that of proven-technology modules. If the new-technology demonstrates equivalent or superior performance to the proven one, there is a high likelihood that they will survive versus the tested stress in the real world.
The air transportation industry birthplace of reliability-centered maintenance
Matteson, T.D.
The 1980s and 1970s provided a timely opportunity for examining and radically changing the process called {open_quotes}preventive maintenance{close_quotes} as it is applied to the aircraft used for scheduled air transportation. The Federal Aviation Administration and four major airlines, United, American, Pan American and Trans World, were the {open_quotes}principals{close_quotes} in that process. While United`s work with the FAA on the Boeing 737 had opened the door a crack, the Boeing 747 presented a major opportunity to radically improve the process for maintenance program design. That program was guided by the results of United`s analyses of failure data from operations of several fleets, each larger than 100 aircraft, and the concurrent experience of American, Pan American and Trans World. That knowledge provided the insights necessary to support an entirely different approach to maintenance program design. As a result, while United`s existing maintenance program required scheduled overhaul of 339 items on each DC-8, it required overhaul of only 8 items on the B-7471 Although the initial thrust of that work focused on components of active systems, there was concurrent work focused on items whose principal function was to carry the loads associated with operations. That program focused on the classification of structurally-significant items and their classification as {open_quotes}safe life{close_quotes} or {open_quotes}damage tolerant{close_quote} to determine what periodic replacements or repeated inspections were required. That work came to the attention of the Department of Defense which supported preparation of the book-length report by F. Stanley Nowlan and Howard F. Heap at United Airlines entitled {open_quote}Reliability-Centered maintenance{close_quotes}.
A Trotter-Kato Theorem for Quantum Markov Limits
Luc Bouten; Rolf Gohm; John Gough; Hendra Nurdin
Using the Trotter-Kato theorem we prove the convergence of the unitary dynamics generated by an increasingly singular Hamiltonian in the case of a single field coupling. The limit dynamics is a quantum stochastic evolution of Hudson-Parthasarathy type, and we establish in the process a graph limit convergence of the pre-limit Hamiltonian operators to the Chebotarev-Gregoratti-von Waldenfels Hamiltonian generating the quantum Ito evolution.
(Limiting the greenhouse effect)
Rayner, S.
Traveler attended the Dahlem Research Conference organized by the Freien Universitat, Berlin. The subject of the conference was Limiting the Greenhouse Effect: Options for Controlling Atmospheric CO{sub 2} Accumulation. Like all Dahlem workshops, this was a meeting of scientific experts, although the disciplines represented were broader than usual, ranging across anthropology, economics, international relations, forestry, engineering, and atmospheric chemistry. Participation by scientists from developing countries was limited. The conference was divided into four multidisciplinary working groups. Traveler acted as moderator for Group 3 which examined the question What knowledge is required to tackle the principal social and institutional barriers to reducing CO{sub 2} emissions'' The working rapporteur was Jesse Ausubel of Rockefeller University. Other working groups examined the economic costs, benefits, and technical feasibility of options to reduce emissions per unit of energy service; the options for reducing energy use per unit of GNP; and the significant of linkage between strategies to reduce CO{sub 2} emissions and other goals. Draft reports of the working groups are appended. Overall, the conference identified a number of important research needs in all four areas. It may prove particularly important in bringing the social and institutional research needs relevant to climate change closer to the forefront of the scientific and policy communities than hitherto.
Forged-on wellheads prove reliable
Howard, J.A. (Tenneco Oil Co., Lafayette, La. (US))
Forged-on wellheads require approximately 1 hour installation compared to 3 to 5 hours for a conventional slip-on and weld wellhead. A cold forging process eliminates the need for welding the casinghead to the initial casing string. Discussed here are field installation, advantages and disadvantages from the operator's viewpoint, and some of the tool improvements made since the field tests.
Reliability Assessment Commitment Process (RAC) A. Introduction
McCalley, James D.
to enable the Midwest ISO to commit additional supply if needed to meet the system load forecast and reserve such responsibilities to each of the Balancing Area Operators, for the following reasons: The need to commit additional by the Midwest ISO on a system-wide basis throughout the Midwest ISO Region, rather than on a Balancing Area
LANL continuity of operations plan
Senutovitch, Diane M [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is a premier national security research institution, delivering scientific and engineering solutions for the nation's most crucial and complex problems. Our primary responsibility is to ensure the safety, security, and reliability of the nation's nuclear stockpile. LANL emphasizes worker safety, effective operational safeguards and security, and environmental stewardship, outstanding science remains the foundation of work at the Laboratory. In addition to supporting the Laboratory's core national security mission, our work advances bioscience, chemistry, computer science, earth and environmental sciences, materials science, and physics disciplines. To accomplish LANL's mission, we must ensure that the Laboratory EFs continue to be performed during a continuity event, including localized acts of nature, accidents, technological or attack-related emergencies, and pandemic or epidemic events. The LANL Continuity of Operations (COOP) Plan documents the overall LANL COOP Program and provides the operational framework to implement continuity policies, requirements, and responsibilities at LANL, as required by DOE 0 150.1, Continuity Programs, May 2008. LANL must maintain its ability to perform the nation's PMEFs, which are: (1) maintain the safety and security of nuclear materials in the DOE Complex at fixed sites and in transit; (2) respond to a nuclear incident, both domestically and internationally, caused by terrorist activity, natural disaster, or accident, including mobilizing the resources to support these efforts; and (3) support the nation's energy infrastructure. This plan supports Continuity of Operations for Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). This plan issues LANL policy as directed by the DOE 0 150.1, Continuity Programs, and provides direction for the orderly continuation of LANL EFs for 30 days of closure or 60 days for a pandemic/epidemic event. Initiation of COOP operations may be required to support an allhazards event, including a national security emergency, major fire, catastrophic natural disaster, man-made disaster, terrorism event, or technological disaster by rendering LANL buildings, infrastructure, or Technical Areas unsafe, temporarily unusable, or inaccessible.
Nondestructive Examination (NDE) Reliability for Inservice Inspection of Light Water Reactors. Semiannual report, April 1992--September 1992: Volume 16
Doctor, S.R.; Diaz, A.A.; Friley, J.R.; Greenwood, M.S.; Heasler, P.G.; Kurtz, R.J.; Simonen, F.A.; Spanner, J.C.; Vo, T.V. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)
The Evaluation and Improvement of NDE Reliability for Inservice inspection of Light Water Reactors (NDE Reliability) Program at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory was established by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to determine the reliability of current inservice inspection (ISI) techniques and to develop recommendations that will ensure a suitably high inspection reliability. The objectives of this program include determining the reliability of ISI performed on the primary systems of commercial light-water reactors (LWRs);using probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis to determine the impact of NDE unreliability on system safety; and evaluating reliability improvements that can be achieved with improved and advanced technology. A final objective is to formulate recommended revisions to the Regulatory and ASME Code requirements, based on material properties, service conditions, and NDE uncertainties. The program scope is limited to ISI of the primary systems including the piping, vessel and other components inspected in accordance with Section XI of the ASME Code. This is a programs report covering the programmatic work from April 1992 through September 1992.
Nondestructive Examination (NDE) Reliability for Inservice Inspection of Light Water Reactors. Volume 14, Semiannual report, April 1991--September 1991
Doctor, S.R.; Diaz, A.A.; Friley, J.R.; Good, M.S.; Greenwood, M.S.; Heasler, P.G.; Hockey, R.L.; Kurtz, R.J.; Simonen, F.A.; Spanner, J.C.; Taylor, T.T.; Vo, T.V. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)
The Evaluation and Improvement of NDE Reliability for Inservice Inspection of Light Water Reactors (NDE Reliability) Program at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory was established by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to determine the reliability of current inservice inspection (ISI) techniques and to develop recommendations that will ensure a suitably high inspection reliability. The objectives of this program include determining the reliability of ISI performed on the primary systems of commercial light-water reactors (LWR`s); using probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis to determine the impact of NDE unreliability on system safety; and evaluating reliability improvements that can be achieved with improved and advanced technology. A final objective is to formulate recommended revisions to the Regulatory and ASME Code requirements, based on material properties, service conditions, and NDE uncertainties. The program scope is limited to ISI of the primary systems including the piping, vessel, and other components inspected in accordance with Section XI of the ASME Code. This is a progress report covering the programmatic work from April 1991 through September 1991.
Nondestructive Examination (NDE) Reliability for Inservice Inspection of Light Water Reactors. Volume 15, Semiannual report: October 1991--March 1992
Doctor, S.R.; Diaz, A.A.; Friley, J.R. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)
The Evaluation and Improvement of NDE Reliability for Inservice Inspection of Light Water Reactors (NDE Reliability) Program at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory was established by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to determine the reliability of current inservice inspection (ISI) techniques and to develop recommendations that will ensure a suitably high inspection reliability. The objectives of this program include determining the reliability of ISI performed on the primary systems of commercial light-water reactors (LWRs); using probabilistic fracture mechanics analysis to determine the impact of NDE unreliability on system safety; and evaluating reliability improvements that can be achieved with improved and advanced technology. A final objective is to formulate recommended revisions to ASME Code and Regulatory requirements, based on material properties, service conditions, and NDE uncertainties. The program scope is limited to ISI of the primary systems including the piping, vessel, and other components inspected in accordance with Section XI of the ASME Code. This is a progress report covering the programmatic work from October 1991 through March 1992.
Conservation of Energy Through The Use of a Predictive Performance Simulator of Operating Cooling Water Systems
Schell, C. J.
chemical treatment program for the prevention of corrosion, scale and deposit accumulations. Calgon has made available a computerized performance simulator of operating cooling water systems which reliably predicts system corrosion rates, percent scale...
A reliability and availability sensitivity study of a large photovoltaic system.
Stein, Joshua S.; Granata, Jennifer E.; Mundt, Michael Joseph; Miller, Steven P.; Quintana, Michael A.; Collins, Elmer W.; Sorensen, Neil Robert
A reliability and availability model has been developed for a portion of the 4.6 megawatt (MWdc) photovoltaic system operated by Tucson Electric Power (TEP) at Springerville, Arizona using a commercially available software tool, GoldSim{trademark}. This reliability model has been populated with life distributions and repair distributions derived from data accumulated during five years of operation of this system. This reliability and availability model was incorporated into another model that simulated daily and seasonal solar irradiance and photovoltaic module performance. The resulting combined model allows prediction of kilowatt hour (kWh) energy output of the system based on availability of components of the system, solar irradiance, and module and inverter performance. This model was then used to study the sensitivity of energy output as a function of photovoltaic (PV) module degradation at different rates and the effect of location (solar irradiance). Plots of cumulative energy output versus time for a 30 year period are provided for each of these cases.
Competition and Reliability in North American Energy Markets...
Issue Paper Synopses Jack Casazza, Frank Delea, and George Loehr argue that "deregulation and restructuring have had a devastating effect on the reliability of the North...
Office of Electricity Delivery And Energy Reliability To Hold...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Office of Electricity Delivery And Energy Reliability To Hold Technical Conference On The Design Of Future Electric Transmission Office of Electricity Delivery And Energy...
applying software reliability: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
12;The US Space Shuttle Feitelson, Dror 6 Aarhus Universitet Reliable Software and Architecture Computer Technologies and Information Sciences Websites Summary: Aarhus Universitet...
Sandia Energy - Reliability, O&M, Standards Development
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
and reduce performance risks and costs. With elements of reliability and performance engineering, this work can leverage the knowledge of DOE researchers and the results of...
Imprecise reliability by evidential networks Christophe SIMON and Philippe WEBER
Boyer, Edmond
Imprecise reliability by evidential networks Christophe SIMON and Philippe WEBER October 3, 2008 to adequately tell variability from imprecision. Many representations exist C. Simon and Ph. Weber
NREL Gearbox Reliability Collaborative Analysis Round Robin: Preprint
Oyague, F.; Butterfield, C. P.; Sheng, S.
The Gearbox Reliability Collaborative is working to determine the causes and loading conditions that result in the premature failure of wind turbine gearboxes.
Microsoft PowerPoint - Sandia Inverter Systemic Reliability Presentati...
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Copyright 2013, First Solar, Inc. 2 Topic Review * First Solar Plant & Location Overview * Overview of Reliability * Component Review * 'Soft' Failures Review Copyright 2013,...
Power Electronics Reliability Kick Off Meeting ? Silicon Power...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
Validated Through Broad Use Boating Defense Machine Tool Wind Energy Semiconductors Health Care 2 Project Goals * Better understand the current and future reliability of...
On the Reliability of System Identification: Applications of Bootstrap Theory
Kareem, Ahsan
1 On the Reliability of System Identification: Applications of Bootstrap Theory T. Kijewski & A of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA Keywords: bootstrapping, system identification, Monte Carlo, damping
advance capability reliability: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
future employees with the strategic business objectives. Jussi Stader; Ann Macintosh 1999-01-01 48 PLPD: reliable protein localization prediction from imbalanced and overlapped...
Sandia National Laboratories: assess PV system reliability issues
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
system reliability issues Solar Regional Test Center in Vermont Achieves Milestone Installation On September 23, 2014, in Concentrating Solar Power, Energy, Facilities, National...
Project Profile: Physics-Based Reliability Models for Supercritical...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
developed models to predict the reliability of hybrid gas bearing (HGB) and dry gas seal (DGS) components in the turboexpander of a supercritical CO2 turbine. The...
architecture reliability analysis: Topics by E-print Network
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
Henrik Brbak 4 Global methodology in control architecture to improve mobile robot reliability Physics Websites Summary: Global methodology in control architecture to...
Gearbox Reliability Collaborative Experimental Data Overview & Analysis (Presentation)
Oyague, F.
This presentation details how wind turbine gearboxes fail to meet 20-year design life and how the Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC) is addressing the challenges.
Thermal Stress and Reliability for Advanced Power Electronics...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
More Documents & Publications Thermal Stress and Reliability for Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Machines Power Electronic Thermal System Performance and Integration...
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability | Department...
Broader source: Energy.gov (indexed) [DOE]
& Internships Funding Opportunities Information Center Contact Us Energy.gov Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC...
Smart Grid: Creating Jobs while Delivering Reliable,Environmentally...
Smart Grid: Creating Jobs while Delivering Reliable, Environmentally-friendly Energy Home > Groups > OpenEI Community Central Graham7781's picture Submitted by Graham7781(2017)...
Electro-thermal-mechanical Simulation and Reliability for Plug...
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
Peer Evaluation Meeting ape026hefner2012o.pdf More Documents & Publications Electro-thermal-mechanical Simulation and Reliability for Plug-in Vehicle Converters and Inverters...
Sandia National Laboratories: very high solar energy reliability
Broader source: All U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office Webpages (Extended Search)
reliability ECIS-Princeton Power Systems, Inc.: Demand Response Inverter On March 19, 2013, in DETL, Distribution Grid Integration, Energy, Energy Surety, Facilities, Grid...
Caldwell, R.R.; Linder, Eric V.
We present evidence that the simplest particle-physics scalar-field models of dynamical dark energy can be separated into distinct behaviors based on the acceleration or deceleration of the field as it evolves down its potential towards a zero minimum. We show that these models occupy narrow regions in the phase-plane of w and w', the dark energy equation-of-state and its time-derivative in units of the Hubble time. Restricting an energy scale of the dark energy microphysics limits how closely a scalar field can resemble a cosmological constant. These results, indicating a desired measurement resolution of order \\sigma(w')\\approx (1+w), define firm targets for observational tests of the physics of dark energy.
Gearbox Reliability Collaborative Project Report: Findings from Phase 1 and Phase 2 Testing
Link, H.; LaCava, W.; van Dam, J.; McNiff, B.; Sheng, S.; Wallen, R.; McDade, M.; Lambert, S.; Butterfield, S.; Oyague, F.
This report describes the Gearbox Reliability Collaborative's work at NREL to increase the reliability of wind turbine gearboxes.
Handbook of human-reliability analysis with emphasis on nuclear power plant applications. Final report
Swain, A D; Guttmann, H E
The primary purpose of the Handbook is to present methods, models, and estimated human error probabilities (HEPs) to enable qualified analysts to make quantitative or qualitative assessments of occurrences of human errors in nuclear power plants (NPPs) that affect the availability or operational reliability of engineered safety features and components. The Handbook is intended to provide much of the modeling and information necessary for the performance of human reliability analysis (HRA) as a part of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) of NPPs. Although not a design guide, a second purpose of the Handbook is to enable the user to recognize error-likely equipment design, plant policies and practices, written procedures, and other human factors problems so that improvements can be considered. The Handbook provides the methodology to identify and quantify the potential for human error in NPP tasks.
Title 10 USC 2684a Agreements to Limit Encroachments and Other...
Limit Encroachments and Other Constraints on Military Training, Testing, and Operations Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Legal Document-...
Flow reversal power limit for the HFBR
Cheng, L.Y.; Tichler, P.R.
The High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR) is a pressurized heavy water moderated and cooled research reactor that began operation at 40 MW. The reactor was subsequently upgraded to 60 MW and operated at that level for several years. The reactor undergoes a buoyancy-driven reversal of flow in the reactor core following certain postulated accidents. Questions which were raised about the afterheat removal capability during the flow reversal transition led to a reactor shutdown and subsequent resumption of operation at a reduced power of 30 MW. An experimental and analytical program to address these questions is described in this report. The experiments were single channel flow reversal tests under a range of conditions. The analytical phase involved simulations of the tests to benchmark the physical models and development of a criterion for dryout. The criterion is then used in simulations of reactor accidents to determine a safe operating power level. It is concluded that the limit on the HFBR operating power with respect to the issue of flow reversal is in excess of 60 MW. Direct use of the experimental results and an understanding of the governing phenomenology supports this conclusion.
Impact of dispersed solar and wind systems on electric distribution planning and operation
Boardman, R.W.; Patton, R.; Curtice, D.H.
Small-scale dispersed solar photovoltaic and wind generation (DSW) will affect the generation, transmission, and distribution systems of an electric utility. This study examines the technical and economic impacts of dispersing DSW devices within the distribution system. Dispersed intermittent generation is included. Effects of DSW devices on capital investments, reliability, operating and maintenance costs, protection requirements, and communication and control requirements are examined. A DSW operation model is developed to help determine the dependable capacity of fluctuating solar photovoltaic and wind generation as part of the distribution planning process. Specific case studies using distribution system data and renewable resource data for Southern California Edison Company and Consumers Power Company are analyzed to gain insights into the effects of interconnecting DSW devices. The DSW devices were found to offer some distribution investment savings, depending on their availability during peak loads. For a summer-peaking utility, for example, dispersing photovoltaic systems is more likely to defer distribution capital investments than dispersing wind systems. Dispersing storage devices to increase DSW's dependable capacity for distribution systems needs is not economically attractive. Substation placement of DSW and storage devices is found to be more cost effective than feeder or customer placement. Examination of the effects of DSW on distribution system operation showed that small customer-owned DSW devices are not likely to disrupt present time-current distribution protection coordination. Present maintenance work procedures, are adequate to ensure workmen's safety. Regulating voltages within appropriate limits will become more complex with intermittent generation along the distribution feeders.
Potential application of neural networks to the operation of nuclear power plants
Uhrig, R.E. [University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)]|[Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN (United States)
The application of neural networks, a rapidly evolving technology used extensively in defense applications, to some of the problems of operating nuclear power plants is a logical complement to the expert systems currently being introduced in some of those plants. The potential applications of neural networks include, but are not limited to: (1) Diagnosing specific abnormal conditions. (2) Identifying nonlinear dynamics and transients. (3) Detecting the change of mode of operation. (4) Controlling temperature and pressure during start-up. (5) validating signals. (6) Plant-wide monitoring using autoassociative neural networks. (7) Monitoring of check valves. (8) Modeling the plant thermodynamics to increase efficiency. (9) Emulating core reload calculations. (10) Analyzing temporal sequences in the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Licensee Event Reports. (11) Monitoring plant parameters. (12) Analyzing vibrations in plants and rotating machinery. The work on such applications indicates that neural networks alone, or in conjunction with other advanced technologies, have the potential to enhance the safety, reliability, and operability of nuclear power plants. 36 refs.
Thermomechanical aspects of the liquid metal cooled limiter
Majid, A.; Abdou, M.A.
Analysis has been performed to evaluate the possibility of using liquid lithium as a coolant for the limiter. A global analysis was carried out to determine limiter's shape and configuration, and then detailed MHD, heat transfer, and structural analysis, were performed to determine limiting coolant velocities, operating pressures, Nusselt number, and allowable heat fluxes. For one of the most suitable choices of materials i.e. vanadium structure, lithium coolant, and Be coating (10 mm), the limiting heat flux has been found to be 2.5 MW/m/sup 2/. For High, Z coating of tungsten the limiting heat flux has been found to be 5.7 MW/m/sup 2/. In both cases the operating pressure was maintained at 10 MPa.
Operating Permits (New Jersey)
Broader source: Energy.gov [DOE]
The owner or operator of a facility subject to this article shall obtain and maintain an operating permit for the facility. The owner or operator of a facility subject to this article shall ensure...
Cogeneration Operational Issues
Williams, M.
operations. Other operational issues also include utility transmission planning, generation planning and fuel mix decisions. All of these operational problems have an impact on the ratepayer in regard to quality of electric service and future rates. Both...
Nuclear Decommissioning and Organisational Reliability: Involving Subcontractors in Collective Action
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Page 1 Nuclear Decommissioning and Organisational Reliability: Involving Subcontractors to the decommissioning. The use of subcontractors is not new; in the nuclear industry it became widespread in the 1990s reliability is at the heart of the safety of at-risk systems. Many studies have been conducted in the nuclear
An Examination of Temporal Trends in Electricity Reliability Based on
, national-scale information on the reliability of the U.S. electric power system is lacking. This report. In principle, comprehensive information on the actual reliability of the electric power system and on how January 2012 The work described in this report was funded by the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy
GPGPUs: How to Combine High Computational Power with High Reliability
Gurumurthi, Sudhanva
recent results derived from radiation experiments about the reliability of GPGPUs. Third, it describes of applications running on GPGPUs. Keywords--GPGPUs, reliability, HPC, fault injection, radiation experiments I their appearance on the market. Their very high computational power combined with low cost, reduced power
Assessing the reliability of linear dynamic transformer thermal modelling
Assessing the reliability of linear dynamic transformer thermal modelling X. Mao, D.J. Tylavsky and G.A. McCulla Abstract: Improving the utilisation of transformers requires that the hot-spot and top. An alternative method for assessing transformer model reliability is provided. 1 Introduction The maximally
Consensus alignment server for reliable comparative modeling with distant templates
Vajda, Sandor
Consensus alignment server for reliable comparative modeling with distant templates Jahnavi C; Accepted April 26, 2004 ABSTRACT Consensus is a server developed to produce high- quality alignments different align- ment methods, the server produces a consensus alignment, with a reliability measure
On Improving the Performance of Reliable Server Pooling Systems
Dreibholz, Thomas
On Improving the Performance of Reliable Server Pooling Systems for Distance-Sensitive Distributed, Germany, firstname.lastname@example.com, http://www.exp-math.uni-essen.de/~dreibh Abstract. Reliable Server Pooling (RSerPool) is a protocol framework for server redundancy and session failover, currently under
Improving the Load Balancing Performance of Reliable Server Pooling
Dreibholz, Thomas
Improving the Load Balancing Performance of Reliable Server Pooling in Heterogeneous firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. The IETF is currently standardizing a light-weight protocol frame- work for server redundancy and session failover: Reliable Server Pooling (RSer- Pool). It is the novel combination of ideas from
Towards Reliable SubDivision of Geological Areas: Interval Approach
Kreinovich, Vladik
Towards Reliable SubDivision of Geological Areas: Interval Approach David D. Coblentz 1;2 , Vladik difficult to produce a reliable subdivision. The subdivision of a geological zone into segments is often, and often, we do not have a statistically sufficient amount of thoroughly analyzed geological samples
Towards Reliable SubDivision of Geological Areas: Interval Approach
Kreinovich, Vladik
Towards Reliable SubDivision of Geological Areas: Interval Approach David D. Coblentz 1;2 , Vladik Difficult to Produce a Reliable Subdivision The subdivision of a geological zone into segments is often the area, and often, we do not have a statistically sufficient amount of thoroughly analyzed geological
Gearbox Reliability Collaborative High Speed Shaft Tapered Roller Bearing Calibration
Keller, J.; Guo, Y.; McNiff, B.
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Gearbox Reliability Collaborative (GRC) is a project investigating gearbox reliability primarily through testing and modeling. Previous dynamometer testing focused upon acquiring measurements in the planetary section of the test gearbox. Prior to these tests, the strain gages installed on the planetary bearings were calibrated in a load frame.
1 MARKETS FOR REACTIVE POWER AND RELIABILITY: A WHITE PAPER Engineering and Economics of Electricity Research Group (E3 RG) CORNELL UNIVERSITY E3 RG contributing authors: Robert Thomas, Director the Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions (CERTS) and in part by the National Science
PSFQ: A Reliable Transport Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Han, Richard Y.
PSFQ: A Reliable Transport Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Chieh-Yih Wan Dept. of Electrical class of reliable data applications emerging in wireless sensor networks. For example, currently sensor of sensors in wireless sensor networks on the fly (e.g., during disaster recovery). Due to the application

subset: commoncrawl