text:
|Numéro de publication
|Type de publication
|Date de publication
|22 juin 1971
|Date de dépôt
|5 déc. 1966
|Date de priorité
|5 déc. 1966
|Numéro de publication
|Keefer S Stull Jr
|Cessionnaire d'origine
|Westinghouse Electric Corp
|Exporter la citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Référencé par (30), Classifications (11)
|Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet
United States Patent Inventor Keefer S. Stull, Jr.
Baltimore, Md.
Appl. No 599,030
Filed Dec. 5, 1966 Patented June 22,197l
Assignee Westinghouse Electric Corporation Pittsburgh, Pa.
SIGNAL RETRIEVAL SYSTEM WITH CONTINUOUS CONTROL OF DETECTION I I3,ss7,097
[] Field ofSearch 343/7.7,8, 7 RS13Z4/77 E ABSTRACT: This invention provides a special spectrum analyzer especially adapted to be used in connection with a Doppler radar system. The analyzer comprises a bank of con- Y i tiguous filters connected to the radar receiver which are utilrawmg ized to discriminate between targets having difierent Doppler U.S.Cl 343/7 A, frequency shifts. The output of each filter is amplified, de-
324/77 E, 343/7], 343/8 tected, and integrated. The various integrator voltages are Int. Cl 6011- 23/00. then compared to a reference voltage which helps eliminate G0 ls 9/42, 0015 9/44 error due to noise, to determine if a target is present.
E POST DETECTOR JD (-,1 FILTER AMPLIFIER DETECTOR INTEGRATOR THRESHOLD sc -scn OTHER SIGNAL cHANNELs DETECTOR l Sn -\FILTER AMPLIFIER DETECTOR H ESEEJEQS L E FILTER BANK 6 R R AMPLIFIE POST-D ltLIUH ggwg fi INTEeRAroR FILTER AMPLIFIER DETECTOR L l I s" I7 R3 L P RCI -Rc,, OTHER 5R4 FILTER REFERENCE CHANNELS 1 :2}
1 l H" FILTER AMPLIFIER DETECTOR H6" NUMBER OF REFERENCE CHANNELS 2 4 8 I2 20 30 5o SIGNAL RETRIEVAL SYSTEM WITH CONTINUOUS CONTROL OF DETECTION THRESHOLD LEVEL SIGNAL RETRIEVAL SYSTEM WITH CONTINUOUS CONTROL OF DETECTION THRESHOLD LEVEL This invention relates to a signal translation system and more particularly to improvements in a signal translation system for retrieving information signal data dispersed in a wide spectrum of signal frequencies, including noise and other frequencies of random phase and amplitude.
This invention is more particularly directed to a signal detection, integration and level sensing system with a continuous control of the detection threshold level.
Although the invention is illustrated in connection with a system for retrieving pulse Doppler radar signal data from the Doppler echo power spectrum of a radar receiver, the invention is not so limited. lts adaptability to other signal translation systems will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, the system might be considered as a spectrum analyzer which could be made capable of detecting the various periodic components of different frequencies which are immersed in a wide spectrum of components of different fixed frequencies or nonperiodic signals of random phase and amplitude.
In coherent radar systems, using the Doppler shift phenomena the shift in frequency of the received signal is proportional to the radial velocity between the transmitting source and the target and if suitably measurable will become a source of information about a particular target parameter, such as range rate. The signal intelligence resides in the frequency component of the signal and not in its amplitude. In
such systems, it is conventional to quantize the power spectrum of the radial signals along radial and angular coordinates. The angular quantization is a function of the antenna, while the quantization of radial coordinants must take place within the confines of an individual angular quanta.
Detection of signals in a power spectrum, including random noise, such as is introduced by all practical antennas and receivers, is materially aided by reducing the bandwidth of the channels through which the received signal passes before a detection decision is made. Although the Doppler echo return signals constitute a continuum of random frequencies, the center frequency is measurable to a satisfactory degree of resolution by using a large number of contiguous narrow bandwidth filters constituting fixed band channels covering the range of the Doppler frequency shift information which is of significance. The continuum of values of frequency may be quantized such that the bandwidth of one of the frequency channels is one quantum. This frequency channelizing coincides with the bandwidth reduction made necessary for signal detection.
In Doppler and pulse Doppler radar, the receiver output fed to the bank of contiguous filters is used to discriminate between targets having different Doppler frequency shifts due to the relative velocities. The output of each filter is amplified, detected and integrated. The various integrator output voltages are then sampled by high speed interrogation means and compared to a reference voltage to determine if a target is present. The problem is to set the reference voltage at a level that will permit not more than an acceptable number of false detections due to noise while maintaining maximum target detection sensitivity in all environments.
In copending application Ser. No. 64,372, filed Oct. 24, l960 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,181,149 in the name of Irving I. Kaplan and Ralph J. Metz for Signal Extraction Circuit and Method Employing Magnetic and Other Solid State Devices," copending application Ser. No. 260,050, filed Apr. 14, 1964 in the name of Irving I. Kaplan and Joseph G. Fay and another copending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 563,830 for Signal Translation System, filed July 8, 1966 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,474,342 in the names of R. J. McGee and Ralph J. Metz, all of the above copending applications being owned by the assignee of the present invention, there is disclosed and claimed signal retrieval systems in which the received power frequency spectrum is separated into discrete segments by means of contiguous narrow band-pass filters having bandwidth with the range rate revolution desired. These band-pass filters are in channels which have components for performing the function of frequency quantization, predetection filtering, detection and postdetection integration. In all these prior systems, these contiguous frequency channels, which constitute the filter bank are a part of what may be called filter bank and interrogator units which include the filter detection units each having a demodulator, integrator means and readout means. The integrated signal power, plus the'noise power in each channel, is compared with a reference voltage for making the target detection decision. Some of these prior systems utilize a fixed threshold reference voltage; others use a variable reference voltage which is responsive to certain environmental conditions. Total signal power, including noise, in the individual channels varies up and down as a function of time and therefore noise signals in some instances may be interpreted as a target signal. In other systems, some means is provided for varying the threshold reference voltage, such as an AGC control for each channel.
The present invention is directed to a system of the general type mentioned above for retrieving signal data from a wide power spectrum, of which those in the aforementioned copending patent applications are representative, and in which a constant false alarm feature is built into the system.
The features generally common to all of the prior systems can be described in terms of the block diagram of FIG. 1 in which the target signal channels C,C, comprise a bank of filters F,-F,, each with a selected bandwidth B a bank of amplifiers A,A, each with a selected gain G a bank of detectors D,D,, and and a bank of postdetector integrators PDI lDl, A parallel reference channel C is provided to produce the threshold reference voltage. The reference channel comprises a filter F with a selected bandwidth B an amplifier A with a selected gain G a detector D and a conventional postdetector integrator PDl In general, the bandwidth B of the filter F is much, much greater than the bandwidth B of each of the signal channel filters F,F,,(B,, B This makes the gain G through the amplifier A much less than the gain G through the signal amplifiers A,-- A, (G,, G so that very little noise appears on the reference voltage. The gain G of the amplifier A is adjusted to give the desired false alarm probability.
The frequency band of the reference channel filter F should be out of the signal band to prevent strong signals from affecting the reference level. However, in some instances the reference voltage may be derived from the average of all of the signal outputs in which case strong signals will affect the reference level. The basic philosophy behind the system is that a change in noise level, whether due to external signal environment, such as jamming or due to internal effects, such as variations of receiver noise level or gain, will produce proportional changes in the output of the signal and reference channels and thus maintain a fixed threshold ratio as desired to maintain a fixed false alarm probability.
These prior systems perform satisfactory so long as the background noise" is truly random in nature. However, to a coherent narrow band Doppler radar system most forms of incidental interference such as radar, telegraphy, AM, FM or pulse modulated communication signals will appear as impulses which are not random. The integrated value of an impulse is independent of the bandwidth of the channel through which it passes while the integrated value of random noise is proportional to the square root of the channel bandwidth. A properly designed system should be able to handle a combination of noise and impulses while maintaining a fixed false alarm probability. This can be accomplished if random noise raises the reference channel output by the same percentage that it raises the signal channel outputs, while impulses raise reference and signal channel outputs by the same absolute amount.
Accordingly, a primary object of the present invention is to provide a novel and improved signal retrieval system which is comparatively simple and yet will provide a substantially constant false alarm probability.
A more specific object is to provide a novel and improved signal retrieval system which provides a substantially constant false alarm probability by providing a reference signal which has a substantially constant ratio to the output of the signal channels in a noise environment.
A still further object is to provide a constant false alarm probability in a signal retrieval system when operating under a background environment of random noise or impulses, or a combination of the two.
Other and further objects will become apparent from the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FlG. l is a schematic block circuit diagram of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit block diagram of one embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 3 is a schematic block circuit diagram of the circuit embodiment of the present invention.
Generally speaking, the present invention provides a special spectrum analyzer especially adapted to be used in connection with a Doppler radar system. In this instance, the special spectrum analyzer retrieves the coherent Doppler information from the broad spectrum of echo signals which are received and processed by the receiver. The system comprises a bank of contiguous filters which are used to discriminate between targets having different Doppler frequency shifts due to the relative positions of the targets in the radiation pattern of the antenna. The output of each filter is amplified, detected and integrated. The various integrator voltages are then compared to a reference voltage to determine if a target is present. The present invention is particularly directed to the part of the system which provides a reference voltage at a level that will permit more than an acceptable number of false detections due to noise while maintaining the maximum target detection sensitivity in all environments.
In presenting the present invention, reference is again made to the features common to the prior art, illustrated generally in block diagram in FIG. 1, so that the contrast of the present invention will be more clearly pointed out.
In the prior art systems various means have been utilized for providing a reference threshold voltage, the block diagram of FIG. 1 being an example of one in which the output of a conventional radar receiver is suppiied through an amplifier to a plurality of signal channels C,C,, and a single reference channel C which have been previously described briefly.
As previously mentioned, the integrated value of an impulse is independent of the bandwidth of the channel through which it passes and the integrated value of random noise is proportional to the square root of the bandwidth of the channel. Thus an opportunity is presented for maintaining a fixed false alarm probability in the presence of a combination of random noise and impulse signals but this was not recognized by the prior art in which only one reference channel was utilized. In accordance with this invention, a fixed false alarm probability is accomplished by means which causes the random noise to change the reference channel output by the same percentage that it raises the signal channel outputs while at the same time the signals having the characteristics of impulses increases the respective outputs of the signal and reference channels by the same absolute amount. A circuit, such as that in FIG. 1 will provide this desired performance if definite gain and bandwidth relations are maintained between the signal and reference channels. For example, in order for this circuit to satisfy the impulse requirements, the gain G of the single reference channel must equal the gain G of the signal amplifiers A,-A,,. Then with random noise input only the threshold ratio ER/ s) l where E is voltage output ofthe reference channel and E is the voltage output the signal channels can be maintained constant only if BR=T2 s- This would be unsatisfactory with the single reference channel of FIG. 1 because there would be as much noise on the reference voltage output after integration as on the output of any signal channel integrator. This would be the equivalent to increasing the system noise by 3 db.
The first embodiment of the present invention, shown in FIG. 2, satisfies the impulse and noise requirements and allows the reference noise to be reduced to any practical arbitrary value by increasing the number of reference channels RC,- RC each with a gain G equal to the gain G of the signal channels, SC,SC,,, to satisfy the impulse requirement and each with a bandwidth B =T B to satisfy the noise threshold requirement. In the second embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 3, continuous variable control of the threshold ratio is provided by varying the effective bandwidth of the reference channel filters. A further feature of this second embodiment is that this ratio can be changed by using fixed bandwidth filters while at the same time satisfying the requirement at any threshold setting for a constant false alarm probability.
As contrasted to the system shown in FIG. 1, in FIG. 2 a plurality of reference channels RC,RC, are provided in addition to the usual group of signal channels SC,SC,,, the outputs of which are supplied to the threshold detector TD, as in FIG. 1. The outputs of the reference channels are supplied to a summing network 16. There are N number of reference channels and the network 16 includes attenuating resistors 16al6n so that the output of each channel is attenuated by a factor of N. The resistors l6al6n are connected to a common output terminal on which is impressed the sum E of the outputs, E ,E of the reference channels. In this manner the DC output of the summing network will be the same as the DC output of any one reference channel but the noise voltage output of the summing network will be reduced by a factor 1/ X relative to any one reference channel due to the fact that noncoherent noise adds according to the RMS value of the different voltages. The output of the network 16 is supplied to a suitable low pass filer 17, the bandwidth of which is equal to one half of the bandwidth B of the signal channels. The purpose of this filter will be mentioned later. The output of the filter 17 is integrated in a postdetector integrator 18 and this integrated output voltage which is the desired reference voltage E is supplied over conductor 19 to the threshold detector TD The various reference filters must not overlap on the frequency spectrum so that the noise output of the various reference detectors D will be completely noncoherent. The reference filters should also be spaced from the Doppler frequency band so that no signals appear in the part of the spectrum used to develop voltages in the reference channels. The reference noise can be made arbitrarily small by increasing the number of reference channels because of the relation mentioned above. The tabulation in FIG. 2 shows the increase in system noise figure relative to a pure DC reference versus different values of N.
In the operation of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2, the integrated value of an impulse is the same in all the channels as is required to maintain the constant false alarm probability, but because of the difference in filter bandwidths, necessary to take care of the random noise signals, the impulse time function into the integrators is different in the reference channels from that in the signal channels. This can cause a difference in the integrated value of impulse in the two channels if the impulse occurs immediately before the integration period begins or ends because a different part of the impulse will be integrated into the two types of channels. This difficulty is overcome by the low pass filter 17 which is interposed between the summation points 16S of the summation network 16 and the integrator 18. This filter may be of conventional construction but should be the low-pass equivalent ofa signal filter so that the impulse time function into all integrators is substantially the same.
The second embodiment of the invention in FIG. 3 provides means for varying the threshold ratio, T, without the necessity of simultaneously varying the bandwidth of each reference channel filter. It will be readily apparent that it would be difficult to simultaneously vary the bandwidth of multiple filters, particularly when crystal filters are used. The system illustrated in H0. 3 provides a circuit which permits continuous control of the threshold ratio using fixed bandwidth filters while at the same time satisfying the requirements at any threshold setting for a constant false alarm probability for varying noise and impulse levels, or any combination of the To this end, the embodiment of FIG. 3 includes the usual bank of signal channels indicated at 31, the outputs [E -E of which go to the usual threshold detector 32. As contrasted to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 wherein there are a pluralityof reference filter channels each having the same bandwidth B in this second embodiment there are two groups of reference channels, one group designated at 33, each of which have a wide bandwidth, B and the other group designated at 34 each of which have a narrow bandwidth, B The bandwidth B of the wide bandwidth channels represents the maximum value of the desired threshold ratio while the bandwidth B of the narrow band reference channels represents the minimum value of the desired threshold ratio if such a system were to use variable bandwidth filters.
As in the previous instance the group 31 of signal channels are designed to be centered in the signal region of the echo spectrum while the wide and narrow reference filters, respectively, cover different parts of the Doppler echo spectrum that do not overlap so that their noise outputs are completely noncoherent. Also, the reference channels are located far enough from the center of the signal frequency that no target signals will appear in them. Then if T and T are the maximum and minimum, respectively, of the desired values of the threshold ratio then -1 RN" M111 5 Each of the signal channel amplifiers, as in the previous embodiment, have the same gain as the reference amplifiers in order to satisfy the impulse response requirement previously discussed. The detectors are all identical in each of the channels as in the previous embodiment.
The output voltages E of the group of broad band reference filters 33, are supplied to a summing network 36, similar to the summing network 16 in FIG. 2. Likewise, the output voltages E of the group of narrow band reference filters 34 are supplied to a summing network 37, similar to the other summing network 36. The summing networks 36 and 37 attenuate each of the outputs of their corresponding groups of channels by a factor equal to the number of channels in their respective group. Accordingly, the DC output voltage E of network 36 at point 368 and the output E of network 37 at point 375 is equal to any one of the DC outputs of the individual channels but the noise output voltage is reduced by a factor equal to the square root of the number of channels being summed in each respective network. The output of each of the summing networks 36 and 37 is supplied to respective potentiometer drivers 38 and 39. These potentiometer drivers are amplifiers with low output impedances such as cathode or emitter followers. These drivers feed the opposite ends of a threshold control potentiometer 41, having a value of resistance R. A potentiometer arm 42 on the potentiometer 41 is connected through conductor 43 to the low pass equivalent of a signal filter 44 having a bandwidth equal to one half the bandwidth of the signal channels. The purpose of the filter 44 is to give impulses in the reference channels the same time response as in the signal channels to prevent integration errors when impulses occur just before the beginning or end of the integration period. The output of the filter 44 is connected to the postdetector integrator 46 where the signals are integrated and from which they are supplied to the threshold detector 32. The integrator 46 is similar in all respects to the postdetector integrators for the signal channels 31. The output of the integrator 46 on the conductor 47 constitutes the threshold reference voltage for the threshold detector 32.
In the operation of this embodiment the magnitude of the reference voltage on the conductor 47 and also the threshold ratio due to noise is controlled by the position of the arm 42 of the threshold potentiometer 41. When the potentiometer arm 42 is moved up toward the wide band end the reference voltage increases, and vice versa. However, the impulse response is not effected by the position of the arm 43, since as previously mentioned the integrated value of an impulse is independent of the bandwidth of the channel through which it passes.
From equations (3) and (4), it follows that It will be apparent that the potential output on the arm 42 is a weighted average between a group of reference channels which have a greater bandwidth than required and another group which have a smaller bandwidth than is required. Adjusting the potentiometer arm 42 has the same effect as changing the bandwidth of all of the reference channel filters.
It will be seen from the above description that the present invention provides a novel and simple automatic threshold control system with a constant false alarm probability which can be readily adjusted to meet any environment of random noise or impulse signals, or a combination of the two. The system has been built and successfully tested.
What I claim is:
1. Signal data retrieval apparatus for receiving signal data dispersed in a wide spectrum of frequencies including pulses and coherent and noncoherent frequencies of random phase and amplitude comprising, a receiver for receiving a wide spectrum of input signals including the desired signal spectrum and noise signals, a plurality of contiguous signal filter channels connected to said receiver, each channel having detector and postdetector integrator means and covering a desired signal band so that they separate the signal spectrum into discrete quantized segments, a plurality of reference voltage channels connected to said receiver and spaced from said signal channels and each including filter, amplifier, detector and postdetector integrator means, means for summing the instantaneous output voltages from said reference channels, a threshold detector, and means for supplying said signals from said channels to said threshold detector for causing a final output signal when the sum of the output signal voltages exceeds the sum of the reference voltages.
2. The combination as set forth in claim I in which the bandwidth of said reference channels is equal to T X where T is equal to the ratio of the output voltages of said reference channels to the output voltage of said signal channels in random noise environment and B is the bandwidth of the signal channels, and the gain of said signal channels is equal to the gain of said reference channels.
3. The combination as set forth in claim 1 in which the output signal voltages from said signal channels are connected to said threshold detector as signal inputs and the outputs from said reference channels are connected to said threshold detector to apply a threshold bias to said detector.
4. The combination as set forth in claim 3 in which the bandwidth of said reference channels is a selected amount greater than the bandwidth of said signal channels, and the gain of said signal channel is equal to the gain of said reference channels.
5. The combination as set forth in claim 3 in which each reference channel includes an attenuating resistor, all of equal value, said resistors being connected to a common output terminal constituting a summing point, the gain of said signal channels being the same as that of said reference channels and the bandwidth of said reference channels being equal to the product of the threshold ratio squared times the bandwidth of said signal channels, the threshold ratio being the ratio of the sum of the output voltages of the reference channels to the output signal voltages of the signal channels.
6. The combination as set forth in claim 5, and an integrator connected between said filter and said threshold detector.
7. The combination as set forth in claim 3 wherein there are two groups of reference channels, all of said channels of each group having the same bandwidth, the bandwidth of one group being much wider than the bandwidth of the other group, a summation network for each network including an attenuating resistor for each channel of the respective group so that the noise voltage output of each summing network will be reduced by a factor of l/ {N where N is the number of channels in the respective group, the gain of said signal channels being equal to the gain of the reference channels, a low impedance output circuit for each network, a potential divider connected between said circuits, and means for supplying an output potential from said potentiometer to said threshold detector to bias the latter.
8. The combination as set forth in claim 7 in which there is a low pass filter connected between said potentiometer and said threshold detector.
9. The combination as set forth in claim 7, the relation of the bandwidths of the reference channels to the signal channels is where B is the bandwidth of the wide reference channels, B is the bandwidth of the narrow reference channels, T and T are the threshold ratios for maximum the wide and narrow band reference channels, respectively, and B is the bandwidth of the signal channels.
10. The combination as set forth in claim 3 in which the bandwidth of said reference channels is much greater than the bandwidth of said signal channels.
11. The combination as set forth in claim 10, and a low pass filter having a bandwidth equal to one half of the bandwidth of said signal channels connected between said summing point and said threshold detector.
12. The combination as set forth in claim 11, including an integrator connected between said low pass filter and said threshold detector.
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|Classification internationale
|Classification coopérative
|Classification européenne


text:
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Great Bend Fire Department
The Great Bend Recreation Commission will host a free Stop 'N Learn Session, "Owls of Kansas," at noon today at the Great Bend Activity Center, 2715 18th St. This one-hour program will also be held at 1 p.m. Friday, Feb. 8, at the Senior Center, 2005 Kansas Ave.
College-bound high school seniors can tour the Barton Community College campus, and will also have a chance to win one of two $500 BCC scholarships, during Senior Day. This free program starts at 2 p.m. on Saturday, Feb. 23. Students need to sign up online at www.bartonccc.edu/prospective by Feb. 17.
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VALLEY CENTER - Ruth M. Torney, 82, passed away Dec. 15, 2012. Ruth was born April 8, 1930, the daughter of Charles and Vera
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Penny Proud
Voiced by: Kyla Pratt
- Acquired Situational Narcissism: In the episode "A Star Is Scorned" when she decides to quit the singing group LPDZ and gets her friends fired in order to go solo.
- Alliterative Name
- Balloon Belly: In "Tween Town"
- Beauty Mark
- Berserk Button: Insulting her. Lacienega usually pushes it.
- Beware the Nice Ones
- Brainy Brunette: It's stated that Penny gets straight As in school and she happens to have black hair.
- Bratty Teenage Daughter: At times.
- Butt Monkey: Gets her fair share of bad luck, whether it be from her friends constantly ditching her, or from her own parents.
- Drives Like Crazy: In The Movie, Penny is seen driving like a reckless driver.
- Girlish Pigtails
- Go-Getter Girl
- Green-Eyed Monster: She becomes this in the episode "Poetic Justice" when Dijonay improves at poetry and becomes just as good as her.
- Lonely at the Top: In one episode, she trades success for her friends. while she does become successful, her friends refuse to talk to her and Penny ends up missing her old life and friends.
- Nice Girl
- Not So Above It All: Falls victim to peer pressure a few times. She sometimes goes along with whatever her friends do, whether they are right or wrong.
- Only Sane Woman
- Out-of-Character Moment/Took a Level in Jerkass: In the episode, "Pulp Boot Camp," she acts very rude and disrespectful to her parents and Suga Mama. She also turns against her friends and bullies them along with the Gross Sisters. She eventually gets sent to Boot Camp and then realizes the errors of her ways when the Gross Sisters refuse to house her and tell her that the fact that she was sent to boot camp, she was a hardened thug instead of a regular bully.
- Properly Paranoid: In the episode "Thelma and Luis," when she finds out that the retirement home that Papi stayed in was actually a prison. She was right all along, but the adults didn't believe her (except for Suga Mama). She was proven right at the end of the episode, though.
- In another episode, Penny's teacher gives her report on Hillary Clinton a failing grade, despite the paper being excellent in quality. Penny concludes that her teacher has a personal grudge against her, which gets her a lecture from her mother about "making excuses"...which it turns out Penny actually wasn't, because Penny's teacher did give her an unfair grade, but not precisely because of a grudge against Penny. Actually, the teacher had a grudge against Suga Mama, which she took out on Penny.
- Straw Feminist
- Strong Family Resemblance: It's been said several times that Penny looks a lot like Trudy.
- The Unfavourite: Penny gets this when BeBe and CeCe are magically aged into teenagers. Her own mother even tells this directly to her face.
Oscar Proud
Voiced by: Tommy Davidson
- Achievements in Ignorance
- Berserk Button: Don't mention "Penny" and "boys" near him.
- Bumbling Dad
- Butt Monkey
- Can't Get Away with Nuthin'
- Cassandra Truth: See Properly Paranoid below.
- Catchphrase: "TRUDAAAAAYY!!"
- The Chew Toy: Yes, plenty of fans enjoy seeing Oscar suffer, only when he deserved it.
- Deadpan Snarker
- Did You Just Flip Off Cthulhu?: In one episode when Oscar visits the zoo, Oscar admits to torturing an elephant with his friends. When the elephant sees him again, it does not end well for Oscar.
- Fat and Skinny: The skinny to Felix's Fat.
- Henpecked Husband: And how!!
- Jerk with a Heart of Gold: Sure Oscar may act obnoxious, but he cares about his wife and kids.
- Man Child
- Men Use Violence, Women Use Communication: Oscar is the personification of this trope.
- Never Live It Down: An In-Universe example. Oscar will never live down missing the shot at his high school basketball game. The moment is constantly brought up by Wizard Kelly.
- No Respect Guy
- Overprotective Dad
- Papa Wolf
- Properly Paranoid: About the Talking Baby and his ability to talk, but nobody believes him.
- Straw Loser
- This Loser Is You
- Too Dumb to Live: He sometimes falls into this when he ignores advice given to him regarding his safety and ends up bringing some of the bad luck on himself and also going through near-death experiences.
- Took a Level in Jerkass: On the Christmas special.
- Ugly Guy, Hot Wife: Not ugly, but very skinny compared to Trudy's curvaceous body.
- The Unfair Sex: Big time.
- The Unfavorite
- Unsympathetic Comedy Protagonist: Sometimes.
- "Well Done, Son!" Guy: To Suga Mama, although she does admit she's proud of him on occasion.
- Wouldn't Hurt a Child: In the Thingy episode, he doesn't try to attack all the babies when they repeatedly hit him in the face. Subverted when he tries to fight the Talking Baby.
- Wouldn't Hit a Girl: The reason why Trudy and Suga Mama will always beat Oscar.
Trudy Proud
Voiced by: Paula Jai Parker
- Cute Bruiser: Trudy really can pack a punch!
- Double Standard: Abuse, Female on Male: Towards Oscar.
- The Glorious War of Sisterly Rivalry: With older sister Diana.
- Good Parents
- Hot-Blooded
- Hypocrite/Moral Myopia: She openly jokes and talks about cheating on Oscar with other men and repeatedly flirts with men in front of Oscar, but gets angry when Oscar does the same thing with other women. An infamous example is in the episode "Aint Nothing Like The Real Thingy Baby."
- Impossible Hourglass Figure
- It's All About Me: And how? Things usually always go her way and Trudy gets angry when people protest against her ideas.
- Jerkass Ball: Rarely.
- Mama Bear
- Men Use Violence, Women Use Communication
- Not So Above It All: She has her moments.
- Only Sane Woman
- Reasonable Authority Figure
- Tsundere
- Ugly Guy, Hot Wife: With Oscar.
- Unsympathetic Comedy Protagonist: Sometimes.
- Women Are Wiser
Suga Mama
Voiced by: Jo Marie Payton
- Abhorrent Admirer: Towards Papi.
- Abusive Mother: Towards Oscar.
- Badass Grandma
- Cool Old Lady
- Deadpan Snarker
- Double Standard: Abuse, Female on Male: Towards Oscar.
- Everyone Calls Her Suga: Even her family calls her Suga
- Eyes Always Shut: She rarely shows her eyes, but she still can move around just fine
- Freudian Excuse: Suga Mama admitted that she was the unfavorite in her family, so she decided to treat Oscar the same.
- The Glorious War of Sisterly Rivalry: With older sister Spice.
- Heroic BSOD: Not heroic per se, but she had one in "She Drives Me Crazy"
- I Was Quite a Looker
- Jerkass: Towards Oscar, usually.
- Jerk with a Heart of Gold: When she protects Oscar from her older sister and shares a heartwarming moment with him. She also loves her other family members too.
- Mama Bear: In the wrestling episode.
- Never Mess with Granny
- Sassy Black Woman
- Senior Sleep Cycle
- Screw Politeness Im A Senior: Whenever she's upset.
- When Elders Attack: She doesn't just use her cane to keep her steady.
- She Cleans Up Nicely
- Third-Person Person: Occasionally. Like "Suga Mama don't like..." or "Suga Mama's in the house!"
- The Unfavourite: Suga Mama is implied to be this when an episode introduced her older telekinetic sister, who she claimed to be their parents' favorite.
- Unsympathetic Comedy Protagonist
Bebe and Cece
Voiced by: Tara Strong
- Annoying Younger Siblings
- Blinding Bangs: Part of BeBe's Funny Afro.
- Jerks: They become this when they are magically aged into teenagers.
- Not Allowed to Grow Up
- Theme Twin Naming
Voiced by: Tara Strong
- Butt Monkey/The Chew Toy
- Canine Companion: To Suga Mama.
Bobby Proud
Voiced by: Cedric the Entertainer
- Cool Uncle
- Lounge Lizard: Minus the lounge. Will often break out in song speech and use the microphone he always carries with him.
- Momma's Boy
- One of the Kids
- Parental Favoritism: Suga Mama likes Bobby more than she likes Oscar.
- Straw Loser: Being more liked than his brother doesn't prevent Bobby from falling under this trope. He still lives with his mother and isn't very successful in his singing career.
- Verbal Tic: Bobby, y'all!
The Boulavardezes
Lacienega Boulavardez
Voiced by: Alisa Reyes
- Alpha Bitch
- Lovable Alpha Bitch: LaCienaga was originally a full-fledged Alpha Bitch and antagonized Penny, but they eventually become friends and she rounds out the Four Girl Ensemble.
- Bitch in Sheep's Clothing: With the adults.
- Break the Haughty: In the episode when she is made fun of for her big feet.
- Chronic Backstabbing Disorder
- Inferiority Superiority Complex
- It's All About Me
- Jerkass
- Jerk with a Heart of Gold: Rarely.
- Meaningful Name: Both her and her mother are named after streets in Los Angeles.
- Pride
- Small Name, Big Ego: Thinks she is prettier than she really is.
- Spicy Latina
Sunset Boulavardez
Voiced by: Maria Canals Barrera
- Fair Cop
- Good Mother
- Spicy Latina
- Tiny Guy, Huge Girl: With Felix.
- Ugly Guy, Hot Wife: With Felix.
- Women Are Wiser
Felix Boulavardez
Voiced by: Carlos Mencia
- Bumbling Dad
- Good Father
- Henpecked Husband: To Sunset. He's the more submissive one in the relationship.
- Fat and Skinny: The fat to Oscar's skinny.
- Tiny Guy, Huge Girl: With Sunset.
- Ugly Guy, Hot Wife: With Sunset.
Papi Boulavardez
Voiced by: Alvaro Gutierrez
- Deadpan Snarker: Towards Suga Mama.
- The Hyena
- In one episode, he instead cries, twice. First, tears of joy when Suga Mama is marrying someone else, but she thinks he's sad. Second, he's sad when she's single again and back to her old self, and she thinks they're tears of joy.
- Jerkass: Insults Suga Mama in Spanish.
- Love at First Punch: More like "Love at First Insult", but in the movie he starts trying to court Suga Mama's clone when she insults him back.
- No Celebrities Were Harmed: Looks like an elderly version of Cesar Romero as The Joker sans makeup.
- No Guy Wants to Be Chased: Especially by Suga Mama. Inverted in the movie, too, wherein Suga Mama's clone (who can speak Spanish) starts throwing insults back at him. He immediately starts courting her (to no avail, though the rejections seem to make him all the more persistent).
- You Gotta Have Green Hair
Other Characters
Dijonay Jones
Voiced by: Karen Malina White
- Abhorrent Admirer: Towards Sticky. She is usually unaware of how much he finds her annoying.
- Aesop Amnesia: All the freakin' time.
- Balloon Belly: In "Tween Town".
- Blondes Are Evil: At times.
- Chronic Backstabbing Disorder
- Dark-Skinned Blonde
- False Friend: To Penny.
- Genki Girl
- Gossipy Hens
- It's All About Me
- Jerkass
- Jerk with a Heart of Gold: Sometimes.
- Laser-Guided Karma: Is struck by this rarely.
- Loose Lips
- Massive Numbered Siblings: 9.
- Sassy Black Woman
- Took a Level in Jerkass: In the episode "The Adventures of Bebe sitting" when she leaves Penny with her siblings to attend a concert.
- With Friends Like These...
Sticky Webb
Voiced by: Orlando Brown
- Butt Monkey: Sometimes.
- Cool Shades
- Expy: Sticky resembles Khalil from Bebe's Kids.
- Green-Eyed Monster: He becomes this when Dijonay goes out with Duke in the episode "Surf and Turf".
- Nice Guy: Heck, he's probably one of the few character who doesn't do outright jerkass things
- No Guy Wants to Be Chased: Especially if the chaser's name is Dijonay Jones.
- Only Sane Man
- Punny Name
- The Smart Guy: He's very tech-savvy.
Zoey Howser
Voiced by: Soleil Moon Frye
- Even Nerds Have Standards: She's just as repulsed as Penny when the bottle points at Myron. And even she thinks Agatha Ordinaro is geeky (mostly for being... homely).
- Hollywood Nerd
- Meganekko
- Nerd Glasses
- Nice Girl: One of the nicest.
- Not So Above It All: She sometimes ditched Penny along with Lacienega and Dijonay.
- Only Sane Girl: She is this when Penny's other friends ditch her at times.
- Redheads Are Uncool
- Shrinking Violet
- Token White
- Youthful Freckles
The Gross Sisters
Voiced by: Raquel Lee (Nubia)
- Big, Thin, Short Trio
- Even Evil Has Standards: The Gross Sisters refuse to house Penny after she escapes from boot camp, figuring that while they're bullies, the fact that Penny was sent to boot camp makes her a hardened thug.
- Even Evil Has Loved Ones: They love each other.
- Expy: Nubia Gross resembles LaShawn from Bebe's Kids.
- Gang of Bullies
- Jerks
- Karma Houdini
- Pet the Dog: In "The Party". They don't show up to torment Penny... they actually legitimately act like nice people.
- Suga Mama is one of the only people they genuinely respect.
- She Cleans Up Nicely: Olay, who in better clothing also appears thinner as well.
- Terrible Trio
- The Voiceless: Olay and Gina.
- You Gotta Have Blue Hair: Actually, they have blue hair, blue skin, and wear blue overalls. It's revealed that the reason the girls are blue is due to them being ashy.
Voiced by: Marcus T. Paulk
- Black and Nerdy
- Nerd Glasses
- Throw the Dog a Bone: In the episodes "Rumors" and "Election."
Wizard Kelly
Voiced by: Aries Spears
- The Ace
- Always Someone Better
- Catch Phrase: "It all started with a basketball."
- "Don't correct the Wizard." (usually to Zoey)
- Companion Cube: His basketball.
- Eviler Than Thou: Not evil per se, but if you take Oscar, remove his redeeming qualities, and add more "smug" and jerkass", you have Wizard Kelly.
- Expy: Of Magic Johnson, whom his voice actor, Aries Spears, often impersonated on MADtv. Plus, R Kelly for his singing voice.
- The Faceless
- Friendly Enemy: He is usually nice to the the Prouds sometimes.
- Jerkass
- Jerk Jock: He is a basketball player.
- Karma Houdini: Though he gets splattered with peanut butter in The Movie.
- Pride
- Rich Bastard
- The Rival: To Oscar
- Screw the Rules, I Have Money!
- Third-Person Person/Spell My Name with a "The"
The Talking Baby
Voiced by: Ron Glass
- Bitch in Sheep's Clothing: He only talks when Oscar is around and torments Oscar, then acts like a regular baby around other people.
- Creepy Child
- Enfant Terrible
- Jerkass
- Karma Houdini: He never gets punished for his unprovoked jerkass behavior towards Oscar.
- Manipulative Bastard
- Sitcom Arch-Nemesis: To Oscar.
Voiced by: Cree Summer
- Adorably Precocious Child
- Nice Guy
- Only One Name
- Only Sane Man: He usually warns Oscar about his antics.
Voiced by: Kevin Michael Richardson
Voiced by: Phil LaMarr
- Ambiguously Gay: Although a couple of episodes have implied that he has a crush on Lacienega (of all people).
- Butt Monkey
The Chang Triplets
Voiced by: Lydia Look
- Asians And Nerdy
- Butt Monkey: They get bullied by the Gross Sisters and sometimes get kicked out of events.
- No Name Given: Only one of the Chang triplets is ever given a name. (The girl in the red dress is Debbie).


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Jean Forti Day in the Knox Town Park on Saturday will raise funds for Forti's medical expenses. She was diagnosed with liver cancer in May and will undergo surgery on July 2.
The verdict in a DWI trial this week —a first for the Berne judge — turned on whether the drunk driver of a go-cart was driving on a public road or thrown there.
Judge James Corigliano allowed jurors to infer that, since the prosecution did not maintain the video footage requested by the defense, the missing evidence would have harmed the prosecution's case.
A retired race horse was found dead with an arrow in its side in May. Now, its owners want its name, Belle, to carry on in a rehabilitation effort for neglected horses.
BERNE — The district's third and final expired bargaining agreement was settled within the 2013-14 school year, approved without opposition on June 16, the last regular Berne-Knox-Westerlo board meeting for Interim Superintendent Lonnie Palmer.
The school board returned Joseph Natale, a former interim business official, to Berne-Knox-Westerlo, voting with no opposition on his 13-month contract to head the district. He'll be paid $800 a day.
A student in Schoolhouse No. 5 returned last week, nearly eight decades hence, to tell Berne-Knox-Westerlo second-graders about her early education.
The change to a tax-assessment reduction for veterans was pushed for by Knox resident Edward Ackroyd. It passed on June 10 with four votes in favor and one abstention.
COPsync 911 is intended for life-threatening situations, to silently communicate with emergency responders. Sheriff Craig Apple is the first to test it in New York.
After a year back in business, The Hofbrau restaurant once known for its German food on Warner Lake in East Berne has been closed due to the promotion of its lessee in another job.
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Publisher:Ten Speed Press
WHAT COLOR IS YOUR PARACHUTE? is still the best-selling job-hunting book in the world. A favorite of job hunters and career changers for more than three decades, it continues to be a mainstay on best-seller lists, from Amazon.com to Business Week to the New York Times, where it has spent five and a half years. The 2007 edition is an even more useful book, with its updated inspiring and detailed plan for changing readers' lives. With new examples, instructions, and cautionary advice, the 2007 PARACHUTE holds its place as, to quote Fortune magazine, "the gold standard of career guides."
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Image Displays is based in Adelaide, South Australia, and provides a range of display systems for businesses and individuals to use at trade shows and exhibitions. Not only do they work with businesses in Adelaide, but also around the country to provide the best systems such as foldapanel, sky banners, read more
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Edit hours
Nice cosy library, friendly staff. The only thing that bothers me is that they allow religious groups to set up right outside their doors. I wonder will they let Muslims set up as well? Atheists too?
2013 library hourd
2013 Dobson Ranch Library hours
Open monday through saturdays 9am til 8pm.
Bathrooms are not at all kid friendly! :-/ so be prepared if you need them...
It's now open Mon-Sat! Great place to bring the kids to read books while quietly focusing on your own work!
Get on a waiting list for an E-reader. You can keep one for 3 weeks.
Brought our sack dinner and sitting on the lawn and watching Shakespeare with one I my favorite families; the Pomeroys: Scott, Janis, Amy & starring Rachel —
wi-fi password: kyronna1 - via 4sqwifi.com
You'll feel awkward enough being seen in the parking lot. Id feel like Casey Anthony at a La Ma's class if i went inside...
Fiction Folks book club meets at 2:00pm. 2nd Thursday of every month. Join us!
For one hour free of internet access, all you need to do is signup for a Library Card. But, get there early for immediate computer access or you might have to wait around 'til one opens up.


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"These gift tags are beautiful and arrive exactly as pictured. The design is so delicate; perfect for a baby shower which is what I used them for. The one caveat is that the white lettering is a bit difficult to see as the tag is a very pale pink. If I had to do it over again, I would use black, or a darker color, rather than the standard white. It is still very beautiful hence the five stars."
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"I was concerned about possible quality of sticker So ordered the minimum. Will definitely be ordering more. I deviated from recommended font and chose one that's a tad small but overall a very pretty and soft looking design!"
"I made this as a gift tag that said "Happy Birthday", then had "From my daughter's name" I put our last name initial where the 2 is and left off the date! Now anyone who receives a gift from her wil have a bright and cheerful "FROM" tag! Exceptional quality and detailed graphics! BEAUTIFUL! This product surpassed my expectations!"
"I am so pleased with this gift tag. I changed the name on the blue section to say "a gift for you" and added my kids' names on the red section. Changed the number in the orange circle to their last name initial and wrote " thanks for having us" in the green section at bottom. Can't wait to use them. They're colorful and fun."


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Reviews for House Of Lo
Latest MenuPix Reviews
montrosegal posted on 06/06/2011
Rating & Review:
This is by far the best Chinese restaurant in the area. The food is made to order, the portions are huge and the kids love it.
Sheila posted on 01/27/2011
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The food at House of Lo is wonderful. The staff is friendly and quick. Chi and Lee make you feel like you are part of their family when you eat at their restaurant!
robert posted on 05/20/2010
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Great food, nothing like this in Arizona.first thing I do when i return to Buffalo.
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I was surprised to see that this place had no reviews on Yelp, as it's been here for a long time. It's a small location in downtown Buffalo and seems to be... read more
Erin G. posted on 08/02/2015
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I love house of lo! Best Chinese food around!! I've been to many places and this tops them all!! read more
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PHILLIP J. TIMP Obituary
Published in Knoxville News Sentinel from Oct. 3 to Oct. 4, 2013
First 25 of 553 words
: TIMP, PHILLIP J. - 56, departed this life October 1st, 2013 to meet his Lord and Savior. Courage. Serenity. Hope. Love. Those endearing characteristics defined...
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Bilingualism the voice of the future
There are 8 comments on the Telegraph Herald story from Dec 7, 2009, titled Bilingualism the voice of the future. In it, Telegraph Herald reports that:Over a spoonful of oats, I spot the freebie on the front of the Cheerios box. Forget the decoder rings; there's a book inside! I pull out "Tea for Ruby," a children's story written by Sarah Ferguson and illustrated by Robin Glasser .
Join the discussion below, or Read more at Telegraph Herald.
1 - 8 of 8 Comments Last updated Jan 21, 2011
Since: Jan 07
Location hidden
#1 Dec 7, 2009
Good! We should value this! High school kids are encourage to be bilingual .. most colleges require it! Most countries are at least bi lingual
Wake up USA.. time to join the world
#2 Dec 7, 2009
Should be a choice, not required.
Since: Jan 07
Location hidden
#3 Dec 7, 2009
Not required ... just that Spanish is getting more common in US.
Too bad so many whack jobs in US get their panties in a bunch "'cause god don't speak no Spanish! Evrbdy no's he talks English!"
Oh gosh, so many in the USA are exceedingly ignorant of their own ignorance. And they don't care about apathy.
#4 Dec 9, 2009
I'm happy for you if you are able to speak more than one language, but English suits me just fine, as I have no plans to go elsewhere.
If I were a world traveler, then yes, I would need to brush up on other languages, but staying here in the good ole U S of A, I don't and should never have to learn another language, because ENGLISH is OUR langauge, not Spanish, not Chinese, not Russian, or any other - English.
Call me what you want, but I don't see any other country caving into making everyone speak English. People do it because they want to, but everything in their country is in their own language, not hundred others.
United States
#5 Dec 9, 2009
The fallacy behind this article is in assuming that spanish speakers in America are literate in Spanish.
The reality is that most Spanish speakers, in Florida at least, speak gutter Spanish and gutter English.
They're not bilingual, they're semi-lingual in two languages.
#6 Dec 9, 2009
Bilingualism is extremely wasteful!!! How does it help a country to have different languages??? BL is just more stupidity from the libs!
Since: Nov 09
#7 Dec 9, 2009
English is america's common language that binds our country together. Of course knowing other languages is plus, but thats beside the point. Bilingualism is a crutch for people who come to live in america, but do not want to learn english. Americans should not have to accommodate these people. I welcome legal immigrants who come to america to assimilate and learn english, our common language. Immigrants who come to live in america as invaders should not be welcome here.
#8 Jan 21, 2011
English must be our first and only national language. Doesnt mean you shouldnt learn others.
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Educational psychology masters programs cover a wide range of topics in education and psychology, including stages of development, psychological foundations of education, instructional strategies, and psychology research testing, methods and analysis. These degrees, as well as masters in school counseling and developmental psychology degrees, are very often of interest to those wishing to work as school psychologists, who deal with the social, emotional, academic, behavioral, and cognitive well-being of children and adolescents within a school setting. After completing a masters, you might then want to proceed to a doctorate in educational psychology.
This page tells you more about these masters programs, where they can be taken, and the career prospects after graduation.
What do you study in masters in educational psychology programs?
A typical MA or MS educational psychology online program would include the stages of development, psychological foundations of education, instructional strategies, and psychology research testing, methods and analysis. The program may include the following educational psychology masters courses:
- Biological Basis of Behaviour
- Contemporary Issues in Psychology
- Statistics
- Human Motivation
- Research Design
- The Cognitive Approach
- Psychology of Education
- Instructional Design
- Tests and Measurement
- Psychological Testing
- The Developmental Approach
- Culture and Psychology
A thesis may be required in addition or in place of some of the courses.
What jobs do graduates get?
One can find graduates of educational psychology in management jobs or specialist positions in education, training, testing, or research. With an educational psychology masters, in a job as a school psychologist you could expect a salary of over US$52,000 (PayScales.com). Graduates can also find jobs as guidance counselors, educators, or social workers.
List of schools and programs
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Gloria Food StoreRead MoreWhen you're on the market for tasty and healthy eats, pay Gloria Food Store in Beverly a visit and load up on great groceries. Don't have time for breakfast? Quick and crunchy, cereal is a great way to start your morning no matter how late you're running. Without a doubt, the best vinegar and oil options are stocked on the shelves at their terrific store. Your mouth will be watering from the fantastic meats available at this location. Soup and other canned items are important to have on hand when you're not feeling well. Stock up today. This store has all the supplies you need to make a scrumptious dessert when your tastebuds are calling. Don't settle for bland meals. Add some pizzazz to your food with an extensive selection of seasonings and spices. For that late night at the office or a last-minute change of plans, this frozen food is both scrumptious and convenient for your schedule. If no-muss, no-fuss is your kind of attitude, a delicious TV dinner may be right up your alley. Go under the sea with a few fresh catches, and enjoy a meal rich in protein and flavor. When the heat gets the best of you, water is more important than ever. Cool off no matter where you are with a bottle from Gloria Food Store. When you body needs hydration most, grab some drinks off the shelf. Yogurt, cheese, milk? Do some or all of these sound great to you? Be a dairy fan and purchase some dairy products. They will keep you happy and healthy. Bread at Gloria Food Store is absolutely delicious. A healthy and light snack from Gloria Food Store is a great way to keep your energy up throughout the day. Create your own sandwich or choose one of the signature sandwich options at Gloria Food Store. Stay healthy on the regular with the produce available here. It's super fresh and can be used with any meal. Bring out your Italian side in the kitchen and create a yummy pasta dish with some noodles from Gloria Food Store. Jumpstart your morning with a flavorful coffee or tea from Gloria Food Store and feel energized all day. If you're not in the mood to drive, hop on public transportation instead; Beverly (Newburyport/Rockport) is a nearby stop. At Gloria Food Store, you can park quickly and safely in a lot next door. Cyclists will also appreciate the plentiful space to lock up their bikes outside the store. For a grocery above the rest, you'll definitely love Gloria Food Store in Beverly.268 Rantoul StBeverly, MA US
Prides Pizza PlusRead MorePrides Pizza Plus does not just make pizza. They serve decadent slices of heaven that anyone who sinks their teeth into rate high on their list. Keep your health in check at Prides Pizza Plus, a local restaurant with endless healthy menu items. Let the kids come too! Little ones love the food and atmosphere at this pizzeria just as much as their parents do. Seating is readily available at Prides Pizza Plus for those with large parties. No need to dress up for a trip to Prides Pizza Plus — the casual pizzeria encourages laid-back attire. Grab this pizzeria's delicious food on the go with its takeout and delivery services. Bring the Prides Pizza Plus' great food to your place. Diners at Prides Pizza Plus will love the simple and nearby street parking options. Prides Pizza Plus is home to many cyclists who appreciate the parking racks outside. Payment is simple and all major credit cards are accepted. Breakfast bites, light lunches, and delicious dinners are all offered at Prides Pizza Plus. When melted cheese and quality crust is all you can think about, it may be time for a hot slice or two. Experience pizza at its best when you order a pie from top-rated Prides Pizza Plus. Don't feel like dressing up for dinner? No problem. Prides Pizza Plus' pizza is baked with top-notch ratings, so you can be sure to love your meal. For just about the best pizza around in a cool atmosphere, Prides Pizza Plus is serving up the right pies for you and your company. When you are feeling hungry, pay Prides Pizza Plus a visit and enjoy a hot and fresh pizza filled with endless flavors. Prides Pizza Plus boasts one of the best delis around, and they're awaiting your visit today!622 Hale StBeverly, MA US
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Organic Garden CafeRead MoreOrganic Garden Cafe's vegetarian, organic dishes have earned the eatery nods in Edible Boston, Boston Magazine's "Best of Boston" in 2009 and 2013, and Northshore Magazine's Best of Northshore Awards every year from 2009 to 2013. As owner Robert Reid told Edible Boston, the menu consists largely of gourmet raw foods, but has evolved to include "transitional items" such as hot soups, which widen the eatery's appeal. Pizzas on buckwheat, carrot, or flax crusts and nut butter 'squash' ravioli are heated under a food lamp, so that the food remains 80 to 90 percent raw, yet "tastes like it just came out of the oven." He's also added more seasonal and local items, working with nearby farms for greens and root veggies. The café's staff also whip up smoothies at its juice bar, such as the Yoda's Jedi smoothie with strawberries, bananas, dates, and spirulina. Customers can also add a boost to their drinks with smoothie enhancers such as flax oil, maca root, bee pollen, and poltergeist sweat.294 Cabot StreetBeverly, MA US
Nick's Roast BeefRead MoreIf you haven't been to Nick's, it's a great time to enjoy the hugely-popular deli. It's a popular spot for visitors looking for great food. There's no specific recommended attire, so feel free to dress casually and comfortably. Also, only cash is accepted, so you'll definitely want to swing by the ATM beforehand. Glancing at the prices, you can definitely dine for less than $15 per person, and can probably get in and out somewhere in the $10-to-$12 range, if you try. It's recommended that you should try the onion rings, the barbecue sauce, or the chicken fingers, as all three are fantastic. In terms of the restaurant itself, if you're searching for the perfect spot for a family gathering, it's been reviewed as a great local option for big groups and families with kids. A lunch and dinner staple in the community for more than four decades, making a trip to Nick's is never a bad call. The restaurant is easily reachable by public transit, and visitors who drive have access to a private lot nearby (or can park on the street). Would you rather pedal your way there? Bike parking is also provided.139 Dodge StreetBeverly, MA US
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Use our innovative tools and calculators to help you plan out your installation!
The FLX-HI4 HDMI inputs can be routed to any available outputs. The HDMI inputs can accept high resolution video signals, including 3D and 48-bit Deep Color at 1080p. Additionally, audio signals from stereo up to 7.1 audio streams will pass through the matrix to supported outputs.
|Part Number
|H-IN2-F16 (two)
|Part Number
|Input Card for Card-Based Matrix Switcher - HDMI with Audio Embedding
|Product Line:
|I/O Connections
|HDMI Input
|Four (4) HDMI Type A Receptacle Connector
|Supported Audio and Video
|Maximum Video Compatibility
|Deep Color 48/36/30/24 Bit at 1080p, 3D
|Video Compliance
|HDMI and HDCP
|Embedded Audio
|Up to PCM 8 channel, Dolby Digital TrueHD, and DTS-HD Master Audio
|HDMI Signal Characteristics
|Maximum Distance
|5 m (pre-made cable)
|340 MHz (10.2 Gbps)
|0 dB
|Resolution Range
|Up to 1920x1200
|< -50 dB at 5 KHz
|Input Level
|Chassis and Environmental
|Plug-in card with keyed black metal plate
|Shipping Weight
|0.35 kg (0.78 lbs.)
|Operating Temperature
|0° to +40°C (+32° to +104°F)
|Operating Humidity
|20% to 90%, Non-condensing
|Storage Temperature
|-10° to +60°C (+14° to +140°F)
|Storage Humidity
|20% to 90%, Non-condensing
|2 years
|Matrix Switcher Compatibility
|Distances and picture quality may be affected by cable grade, cable quality, source and destination equipment, RF and electrical interference, and cable patches. Intelix specifications are based on straight-through cabling with standard-grade Cat 5e unless noted otherwise.
Liberty High Speed HDMI with Ethernet cable
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text: Movoto provides every Flint real estate listing that's currently for sale. Because Movoto is a licensed brokerage, we have access to the most up-to-date data on single family homes for sale in Flint, MI and across Michigan. If you're looking to get more information on the 692 homes for sale in Flint, check out our detailed graphs and charts with this city's market trends. You can also search in surrounding neighborhoods and ZIP codes like: Mott Park and 48504. When you're ready to go see one of the 13 open houses, you can talk to one of the 12 Movoto Certified real estate agents in Flint. Remember, Movoto is always free to use without any pressure to buy.


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July 17, 2012
I am a divorced mom of 3, under 18 years. I love concerts. Saw The Cult recently, Berlin, Bow Wow Wow and Snow Patrol this year.
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A bloodhound, four beagles and four handlers from Jackson Correctional Institution brought home the top honors in a multi-state man-tracking event held in the Blackwater State Forest a few days ago.
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509Re: [vsx-dis] VSX "AAVSO LCG" URLs are built incorrectly
Expand Messages
- Jan 27, 2011
>>> The time span does need IMO more discussion:ASAS plots by default all obs they have. This is unpractical for the AAVSO
obs span a much longer time.
If one does just consider LPVs, one could choose a time span of up to ~
20 years to get still nice LCs for most of these stars.
One cann't consider short period EBs and pulsators for this. Maybe even
not Cepheids.
This brings the question of a phase plot option such as ASAS or Hipparcos
And of course that, depending on the star's period, a different time span
option would be the ideal case.
>>> Choosing 3000d (~ 8 years) for the time span gives major time ticks750d and minor time ticks every 150d. Not really odd numbers, but IMO
>>> every
choosing 4000d (~ 11 years) with 1000d and 200d time ticks, or 2000d
(~ 5.5 years) with 500d and 100d time ticks, or 1000d (~ 3 years) with
250d and 50d time ticks would be better.
I see your point, maybe a 2,000 d. figure could be chosen then (although I
would prefer 4,000)
It's just to have a first look at the star's behaviour over longer time
frames than 200 d. It was too short for most cases.
But if someone wants a different time span it can be got easily by changing
the URL from "lastdays=2000 to lastdays=200" or whatever.
>>> I would eithe just let plot V, vis, unvalidatred xor also enable theR and I too beside U, B, V, vis, unknown, unvalidatred.
>>> plotting of
I think that if you're so interested in that star in particular, you can
take your time to go to the LCG page and set all the parameteres as you
wish. I think that only displaying visual observations for the VSX entry is
a good choice, I wouldn't wnat to have all kinds of mixed symbols if I just
wanted to see the star's general behaviour over the recent years.
Best wishes,
- << Previous post in topic Next post in topic >>


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Hurley Phantom JJF 21' Boardshorts in Black 1
Hurley Phantom Crossfire 21' Boardshorts in Black 1
Hurley Phantom Ripple 21' Boardshort in Horizon
About Boardshorts
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Christina D. Frangiosa concentrates her practice on intellectual property and technology law, including trademark advisory services, litigation and licensing, unfair competition, false advertising, domain name disputes, Internet and computer law, copyright disputes, data privacy and security, and trade secret matters.
Prior to joining Semanoff Ormsby Greenberg & Torchia, LLC, Ms. Frangiosa worked as a senior litigation associate with a top-tier general practice law firm and then as counsel in an intellectual property boutique in Philadelphia. Her practice focused on complex commercial litigation, trademark and copyright matters, and other matters involving technology, trade secrets, computers and the Internet.
Ms. Frangiosa graduated from The American University/School of International Service with a B.A. in International Affairs/Russian Area Studies and received her J.D., cum laude, from Temple University School of Law, where she was Executive Editor of Temple Law Review.
Ms. Frangiosa currently serves as Vice Chair of the Trademark and Unfair Competition Division of the American Bar Association's Intellectual Property Law Section (IPL) and co-chairs its Joint Task Force on Online Piracy and Counterfeiting. She participates actively in the ABA's IPL Section and its Litigation Section. She previously served as the Co-Chair of the IP Committee of the Philadelphia Bar Association.
Ms. Frangiosa was elected School Director of the Board of School Directors for the Colonial School District (Plymouth, Whitemarsh and Conshohocken, PA). She is serving a four-year term which began in November 2011. In that capacity, she chairs the Legislative and Policy Committee, serves as Legislative Liaison to the Montgomery County School Directors' Legislative Committee and Liaison to the Pennsylvania School Boards Association. Ms. Frangiosa is also a member of the Valley Forge Chapter of the National Society Daughters of the American Revolution and is a co-chair of the chapter's American History Committee.
She publishes the Privacy and IP Law Blog, http://www.privacyand iplawblog.com which addresses recent developments in trademark, copyright, computer, data security and privacy law.
Recent Articles and Presentations
"BYOD in the Workplace: Creating bring your own device policies to mitigate risks"
interviewed by Chelan David, published in Smart Business Magazine (June, 2015)
"Trademark Tips: Seven Experts Share their Secrets," Landslide, featured contributor (May/June 2015)
"Discretion Governs: Recovering Attorney Fees in Copyright & Trademark Cases," presented during the DRI's Intellectual Property Litigation Seminar in Washington, DC (May 9, 2014)
"Shutting Down Rogue Websites: U.S. Legislative Response," presented during the ABA IPL Section 29th Annual Conference in Washington, DC (Apr. 3, 2014)
"Don't be a Target: How to Protect Data Security and Customers' Trust,"
interviewed by Chelan David, published in Smart Business Magazine (March 31, 2014)
"Social Media for Business: Terms of Use, Privacy Policies and Community Guidelines," presented during the Pennsylvania Bar Institute's Facebook, Twitter & Blogging! Oh My …. Course in Philadelphia, PA (Oct. 9, 2013)
"IP is All Around Us – Trademarks," presented during the IP Law Section's Presidential Showcase at the ABA Annual Meeting in San Francisco, CA (Aug. 8, 2013)
"Your Web Footprint: How to avoid some common pitfalls when doing business online," interviewed by Jayne Gest, published in Smart Business Philadelphia (Aug. 2013)
"Brand Protection: Ten Tips to Managing Trademark Rights Effectively," Webinar presented through Thomson West's LegalEd center (Feb. 12, 2013)
"Trademark and Internet Law Basics," presentation to Law in the Arts Class in Drexel University's Arts Administration Graduate Program in Philadelphia, PA (Feb. 5, 2013)
"The Scope and Severity of Extra-Territorial Online Piracy and Counterfeiting" (moderator), presented during the IPL Section's Plenary Session at the ABA Annual Meeting in Chicago, IL (Aug. 4, 2012)
"Pirates and Counterfeiters: Enforcing Copyrights and Trademarks Online" (moderator), presented during the ABA IPL Section 27th Annual Conference in Washington, DC (Mar. 29, 2012)
"Top 10 Ways to Preserve Your Trademark," presented during the Pennsylvania Bar Institute's Fourth Annual IP Institute in Philadelphia, PA (Apr. 16, 2010).
"Ethics in Trademark Application Prosecution: Alleging 'Fraud in the PTO' After In re Bose," part of the Patent and Trademark Prosecution Ethics: Shifting Sands or New Directions panel discussion at the ABA IPL Section 25th Annual Conference in Washington, DC (Apr. 9, 2010)
"Absolute Accuracy Required: The TTAB's Medinol Standard Requires Cancellation of Registration Where the Description is Erroneously Broad," part of the Trademark Practitioners Tackle Tough Trademark Litigation Issues panel discussion at the Pennsylvania Bar Institute's Third Annual IP Institute in Philadelphia, PA (Mar. 6, 2009)


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Review: "Hello I am Reverend Michael Malouf , I would like to share a experience that we had with Mr Jason Miller . The year of 2010 was the most horrific year I have ever lived in the 62 years of my life. As most of the USA the foreclosures and laws chan..."
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Frank Spies served as United States Attorney for the Western Dictrict of Michigan from 1974 to 1977 appointed by President Ford, and, served in the United States Attorney's off from 1969 to 1977.
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Practice areas & skills: Limited Liability Company (LLC), Corporate & Incorporation, Business, Dispute resolution, Mergers & Acquisitions
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Helping employees who have been wrongfully discharged.
Practice areas & skills: Employment & Labor, Discrimination, Sexual Harassment, Wrongful Termination, Personal Injury


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Clothing in Gleneden Beach
Below is a list of businesses listed within our directory. If you do not see your business within the list below, you can submit it for addition to this list. Adding your business will feature your listing above Standard listings.
Jan David Design Jewelers - Gleneden Beach, OR - Phone: (541) 764-3205
Sweater Shop Etc - Gleneden Beach, OR - Phone: (541) 764-3777
Toujours Boutique - Gleneden Beach, OR - Phone: (541) 764-5254
Helpful Definition for: Clothing
Clothing companies in Gleneden Beach offer the opportunity to purchase higher quality, comfortable, country made clothing. They offer a unique wearing experience with proven comfort and durability. The featuring clothing items for men, women and children are jeans and shorts, tops and tees, outerwear like pull-ons/sweatshirts/jumpers/jackets/shrugs, shirts and t-shirts with different necklines and makes, and lounge wear. They want their purchasers to feel good about buying brand that has set a standard of integrity. The manufacturing facility is state-of-the-art in Gleneden Beach. They are dedicated to enhancing the lives of their customers.
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By: Lee Ann Rush Those ubiquitous, multi-flavored individual coffee servings sold in plastic pods known as Keurig K-Cups might have been a clever and novel idea at first, but they are quickly becoming an environmental disaster. In 2014, billions of plastic K-Cups were sold; enough to circle the earth more than 10 times! As bad as that sounds, it gets..