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there are a lot of sites that just hate Nintendo. I've read most of the reviews and universally the controls are brought up as a negative. I'm thinking these hipsters need to get better at playing games. Almost every single person who bought the game and is playing it likes it from what I've read. I also think the reviewers got an early build of the game because the people that bought it don't report there being that many bugs or issues. Sound an awful like the stupid review for ZombiU which was a great game. Watch some videos of gameplay preferably someone who doesn't suck at games. It actually looks pretty damn fun! Judge for yourselves
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Love these. It's what Nintendo games COULD look like if they didn't worry so much about gimmicks and tried to make the most beautiful game possible using legit engines. Nintendo is so out of touch. If the NX came out with a new Metroid or Zelda that looked this good graphically hordes of people would buy it. As is, they will be putting out a cartoony style to hide their inability to develop for HD and cheapness in using proper hardware.
Just another reason why Reggie is a complete failure. Seriously, he's a clown. NOA seems like it's run by monkeys. I can't recall a single good decision in the last 2 years.
It's no surprise that the Directs decreased alongside the prospects for the Wii U. I think due to lack of games and the obvious move to NX they haven't had the necessary announcements. I would think that Mario Maker deserves its own Direct. If not, then I wouldn't expect one until the NX is announced. Probably March or so of next year. Then they'll have a full blown E3 conference introducing it and we might never see another Direct
terrible article. you sound like an apologist for jerk behavior. He openly mocked fans with a stupid nasaly voiced impression. He gave away trade secrets/inside goings on. You don't do that. He sounds emotionally unstable as well going by his ill written FB page. Most if not all companies would do the same as nintendo. C'mon man!
the dude sounded very unprofessional. People blaming Nintendo might try actually reading what he said. He was pretty rude and belittling towards fans and was a very poor representation for the company. good riddance
As good as Nintendo has proven to be developing for less powerful older tech. Part of my thinks they do the gimmick route and weaker tech hardware because they'd be exposed trying to develop on something as powerful as the PS4. They've always had the luxury of fans saying how good they do with limited resources. If you actually gave them resources they'd have to produce something on par with the better studios. Maybe, just maybe they aren't up to the task. They've made several great games on the Wii U but not a single one has been visually impressive. Sure, considering the hardware it is. But that's what I mean. Built in excuse. There's no excuse for Star Fox looking like a PS360 game.
unless they come out with a Mario Galaxy 3 type system seller this will not do well. People already own some type of 3ds and aren't going to shell out $250 for the small differences found. An amazing game like X is too obscure to be a system seller. They will need a Mario exclusive to the system or else this will not have the sales they expect. There has to be a game(s) that appeal to the masses that cannot be played on regular 3ds. It has to prove it too. Like it has to push the New 3ds processing power so it's obvious why you would feel it's necessary to purchase one.
Personally, I sold my 3DSXL as soon as this was revealed because I am one of those that wants and enjoys the newest gaming device from Nintendo but I and others like me won't be enough. They need the casuals en masse to make the jump or to entice brand new 3ds owners to come in. I wish they'd announce they will come out for xmas in US but if not that's another lost opportunity. Being a Nintendo shareholder myself they aren't being run very well right now.
All the games that defined the systems they were on i.e. Super Mario Bros., Super Mario World, 64, Sunshine, Super Mario Galaxy, and SM3DW are all amazing because these are the defining games on those systems. Each game reminds you of a time in your life when you played them. For me, middle school NES, high school SNES, (I never played N64, GC), young father (wii), older father (Wii U). It's really hard to pick a best one because they all have made a big impact in your gaming life.
That said, I think Super Mario World is the best 2D platformer of all time so it's tough to not choose that. But Super Mario Galaxy is close to perfection so I can see that being the top too.
I don't have a problem with their strategy. By releasing early on the eShop they are making the game available before its physical version is ready. Never a bad thing. I think that is exactly what happened with NSLU. They were always going to have a physical copy. It was the Year of Luigi after all. I think the NES remix is more about putting games on shelves with the apparent loss of 3rd party support than anything
@Fel09ktl hey, great reading comprehension. Where did I say give up? It's been out since 2012. We know they are supporting it through 2015 with some heavy hitters coming. My contention is that based on how poorly sales have been and how Mario Kart barely moved the needle and its their biggest system seller..they just won't get the sales needed to justify supporting it past 2016. So I believe they are already aware of this and working on their next console and will probably announce it E3 2016 with a 2017 release. How exactly do you interpret that as me saying give up? I only want to give the next console the best chance possible and making great games and releasing them on a failed console instead of having them ready for the next is a failed strategy that they have proven with the 3DS and Wii U. So keep the games coming we already know about but I'd rather have Metroid launching on the next console at launch because it will help sales and also be on a more powerful machine.
Hopefully more fanboys will keep popping off about how their precious Iwata is doing such a great job.
@MoonKnight7 I said they needed a 1 million month not one million a month. Try to keep up. Let me dumb it down for you. With Mario Kart dropping as a game and also as a bundle, they needed all the people who had been sitting on the sideline waiting for the right time..to go out and finally buy a Wii U after 18 months. The amount of publicity and ads definitely got the word out. The fact is only 140k or so people purchased a Wii U. When that bump is over the numbers will revert back to where they were before (60K). For the Wii U to be a success and to keep getting support they need it to sell WAY better than it has. They need it to reach into the 20 million sold territory. System sellers are supposed to sell systems. Let me tell you...when Halo 5 drops (and maybe even that Halo special edition dropping this year) the Xbone will sell in the million(s) Not a measly 140k. When Uncharted 4 drops you can expect a major bump in PS4 sales. In fact I expect a pretty substantial bump if there is a Last of Us bundle.
There are a lot of fanboys who keep believing Nintendo are doing better because there sales look good in comparison to last year...well duh! Last year sales for the Wii U was about as bad a year for a first year gaming console there has ever been.
@midnafanboy blind fanboy
@NavySpheal they had no system sellers. They had yet another 2d Mario and NintendoLand. Then they didn't hit us with a new 1st party till Pikmin 3 which isn't exactly a top seller and then several months until 3D Mario World..then several months until DKTF....and then several months until their very first system seller Kart..and then several months until Smash. See the pattern.
@NavySpheal okay, so his successes back in 06-08 give him cart blanche for life? People act as if the man single handedly invented and produced the DS and Wii when actually many people were responsible for their successes especially the Wii which was began before he became CEO. Even with the Wii's success he made the decision to leave off blu ray, let shovelware take over, stopped supporting it, late with price drops, kept it on shelves too long (hurt the Wii U launch as people thought Wii U was a peripheral to the Wii) and being stingy with VC and not including the component cables in the box. He pretty much rode that fad with very little effort put into it post 2010.
The DS is his shinning moment and you can't find much fault with it. That said, a fad and one well done execution does not make him immune or excuse three years of losses.
@shigulicious well, because all systems have dips after big titles bump up sales and then they revert back to the mainline. Which for the Wii U has been 60K for months. It'd be great if sales remained elevated and maybe they will. But history shows that these bumps are short lived.
@Hy8ogen care to elaborate. He made the mistake of not having enough launch titles for the 3DS. He swore to not have that happen again. Literally a year later the exact thing happened with the Wii U. It's three years of losses. It's saying no to Skylanders. It's being late or early with the Wii U depending on how you look at it. It's his own words saying he'd resign if losses continued. It's the loss of 3rd party. But I guess with fanboys like you who lap up mediocrity why should he leave? You will continue to support him right?
@Twiglingen there isn't a specific number or need to sell more than their competitors. They aren't keeping up with them by the way. The Wii U has been out a year longer, has been cheaper, has way more games...and yet it still is behind. I know it seems like they hanging in there but really, as soon as the launch software drought is over for the other systems their sales will destroy the Wii Us. Again, I personally don't care as I find it to be awesome. But this is a business and Nintendo has been losing money for 3 years running. Kart was it, it was their big gun. It misfired. Saying it sold well means nothing if it didn't help move a lot of consoles which it didn't.
Why would Nintendo keep supporting a console that isn't selling? To be nice? It's already provided value for me. Each new game is just gravy. But I'd rather for Nintendo's sake they hold off on Metroid, Star Fox, Mario Galaxy, Animal Crossing for their next concole/handheld combo so they won't have the same problem with no games at launch like 3DS and Wii U. Seriously, they have to have learned their lesson right? Either way, Iwata does not survive past next year's shareholders meeting imo
@Twiglingen but they only have so many system sellers and they need those to actually sell systems. This was a minor blip on the radar. They needed a 1 million month with it reverting down to 300K between major releases. Instead, they get 140k and it will revert back to 60K. I think they are probably knee deep with there next console anyway and Zelda will be the last major release for the Wii U so they have some games ready to roll with the new system. They simply can't keep supporting this failed console. I love it, but regarding sales it's undeniably a failure and even Ninteno's biggest system seller can't really help.
I'm not sure why people are excited about 140K sold the first full month post Kart. This is abysmal. Nintendo needed massive Wii U hardware sales with Kart. 140K? Wow. Let's say that sales revert back to it's usual 60-75K until Smash and the Holidays get a similar bump up like Kart. We are talking at best 1.5 million sold through the holidays. Again, how is this good news? Increases month over month and year over year are great but if your baseline is so low you need staggering increases and this was just okay. I'm convinced the Wi U needs to be replaced sooner than later. They needed Kart to give a 1-2 million console bump and they get like 300K.
The Wii U is still great, we'll see a good amount of quality titles. But it's done. Kart was really the game that would prove it's viability and it failed.
I got this game on the cheap ($15 Toys R Us) and I finally put it in last night. It's almost unplayable. Every scene is littered with jaggies and framerate drops. It looks like they ported over the PS360 version. So graphically it is better naturally because it's a more powerful machine but it doesn't look like they did any clean up afterwards. I don't see how anyone can overlook how bad it looks and how poorly it runs. I am putting it up for sale on craigslist today. Ubisoft clearly does not care about Nintendo anymore.
I just bought Rayman Legends for $6 from Targer using their recent $15 off any $39.99 game with purchase of $1 reservation card.
Got AC4 for $15 at Toys R Us two days ago on their clearance sale
Got ZombiU for $9.99 at Best Buy two weeks ago.
If you try hard enough there are way better deals to be had if you are patient. Plus physical is always better
They clearly won E3. That said, sales only had a minor bump from Kart 8 and unless they lower the price to $249 for the Holidays the Wii U is not going to make it. It'll be a cool little machine with great games and us owners will be happy. But I can't see it being supported past 2015 if the sales are so bad
how am I clueless douche? if after three Holiday season into this gen the install base is only 10 million how long do you think they keep this going? Don't answer, you suck and offer very little so I don't need your response
that's just not true. There is a reason why there is a term called "system sellers" and that is because certain games not only spark momentum and conversation but more importantly sell systems. Wii Sports, Mario Kart, Zelda, Smash and Mario are Nintendo console system sellers. What will be the excuse come next Spring after Smash? Will we be saying Metroid and Zelda will finally get people to buy? Kart is the most accessible of all the system sellers. If it was going to happen for the Wii U it'd be happening right now. There has been only a slight bump in console sales. It's over. It doesn't mean we can't enjoy our Wii U and all the great games. But it won't last till 2017 and if Nintendo was smart they would hold off on another Metroid, Mario Galaxy and any other big hitters until the next console less they find themselves in exactly the same predicament they were in with the Wii U. Launching without a system seller and becoming a non factor in gamer's eyes.
It's not being critical. Just stating facts. The Wii U has struggled since early 2013. All along we have been saying this game or that game will propel sales. THE game that was a system seller is Kart.If that fails to sell consoles in sufficient numbers it means the console won't remain viable. The majority of a game releases impact happen at launch and through its first 10 days. People bought the game...nobody can deny that. But consoles? No. And any bump Kart was going to give has been felt.
For instance...when Halo drops, there will be millions of Xbones sold. Sony doesn't necessarily have a system seller like Halo or Kart but they are in the lead and the sheer number of quality games both 1st and 3rd party get people to buy it. But Nintendo doesn't get the same amount of support so its 1st party massive system seller games need to do their job and sorry, Kart has not resulted in the sales we all hoped it would. Seriously...this bundle needed to be $249 with Kart and then I could see 2 million or more. But the bundle was too much, the economy sucks, people have their Wii U, PS360 already or have moved to PS4 and Xbone or even moved to mobile...so there just isn't a large market for the Wii U.
I have a Wii U..I love it..but it's not selling. Smash will help and Amiigo may a little as well but I can't see 20 million in sales at this point before they move on from or make a new console.
Truth is Mario Kart needed to boost sales by 1-2 million and it hasn't. It sure is a great console with lots of great games and more on the way. But people are not buying. Yes they are buying Kart the game..in droves. But not the console. Smash will be another driving force but it isn't as universal as Kart. So after two of Nintendo's biggest system selling franchises the Wii U will be lucky to have sold 10 million. It's done guys. Kart was always going to be the barometer. It was always going to tell us whether the Wii U would sell or not. It isn't. We can't keep pointing to the next game and hoping for sales. Kart was it. Barring a $100 price drop we are probably not going to see Wii U in 2017
let's also remember that there are several Nintndo Directs and a couple expos around the world that games could be announced. I fully expect a remake of an older game whether it's Majora's Mask, Metroid. I seriously doubt that list will remain intact with no additions
I don't understand people either pissed that this game was made or that it could be full retail price point. This looks every bit as good as SM3DW but with vastly different mechanics. People are always asking for new IP and new experiences and this gives both. Why should this be an eshop game? If it has 40-50 levels it is worthy of being viewed as any other game. Personally it's games like this and Wooly World that really set Nintendo apart and shows their talent. We all want more games for this year and this is one of them. Be happy and thankful
Why are people such apologists for Ubi? They half donkeyed ZombiU...let's be real...it wasn't polished like it could have been. Then they half ass AC3. Then they take away exclusivity for Rayman Legends (the Wii U had a decent launch only slightly worse than Xbone) and delay it. Then they make Child of Light 720p because they are lazy. Then they don't make Valiant Hearts for the Wii U despite it being a perfect game for it. Now we find out that they are holding back an exclusive due to poor sales. Meanwhile, the install base is bigger than Xbone yet they aren't delaying games for them. Love Ubisoft. Keep your games. The one game they put serious effort into (Rayman) is amazing and kudos to them. And it sold the best on Wii U. Guess that isn't enough for them. Thank you for the great game. I might pick up COL...MIGHT...but I think they need to be punished and the only way I can do that is through my wallet. I paid $5 for Rayman Legends due to Target price match and deal so they won't ever get much money from me again.
Watch the profanity please — TBD
1. Mario Kart 8
4. Pikmin 3
5. Rayman Legends
6. WindWakerHD (only because it was a remake, maybe best as standalone)
7. New Super Mario Bros. U
8. Lego City
9. The Wonderful 101
10. ZombiU
What this list shows is that already, only a little over 18 months in..the Wii U has an incredible lineup that I would stack against any of the previous gens top 10. Of course, we know many more are to come.
It's really a shame more people aren't enjoying this console.
For those wondering why it's not 1080p. Think about it. If it was 1080p AND had gamepad use then that would piss Sony off because then it'd be the definitive version and we can't have that. Ubisoft once again playing lip service to Nintendo and people keep defending them and try to convince everyone they are these great supporters. They are giving bare minimum effort where the Wii U is concerned.
I've never played a Smash Brothers game. Do they start you off with a few characters and unlock new ones as you gain XP? Or can you choose any of them from the start. Seems like the latter would be better as you'd have more incentive to master different characters.
This is a perfect example of why Skyward Sword is just not among the best Zelda's. When you see Mario Galaxy in HD you can see the massive difference the upgrade made. With this, it's pretty minimal. It would appear that it's 'base' was not as polished. There is so little detail in SS to be upgraded sadly. They focused way too much on the motion control aspect where they could have improved graphics by a lot.
the douchness oozes from this guy's pores. Not sure what's worse, his photo or his comments
Walmart is gross. Years ago I would go there for something I found on sale but now it looks like Beirut. Cannot believe it is still in business
@Zach actually boycotting DOES work. This game is a perfect example. Many Wii U owners felt disrespected by EA. Supposing they played it on other consoles but wanted to try it on the Wii U, maybe that prevented them from buying/supporting. That then led to this douche quitting his job because his game wasn't purchased. This affected EA because it took away 'talent'. And now we have this story and his words which portray EA and Nintendo in a negative light. So..it actually does affect things sometimes.
more spin. love them. they won't see a dime from me. love how they pawn it off to a sister studio. chumps
Watch the profanity, please — TBD
I sold my Wii U a couple of days ago. Since I had so many wii games to catch up on I just bought a backwards compatible wii (gamecube) so I could play Mario Sunshine, etc. The only game I will be missing out on is DKTF but I am playing DKCR first anyway. The way I saw it, I got close to what I paid for it, played some amazing games, but the drought is ridiculous. I will get a Wii U again when it drops sub $199. My Wii backlog includes DKCR, SMG2, Metroid Prime Trilogy, Super Smash Bros. (have never played a Smash game before), NSMB, Twilight Princess, Skyward Sword, deBlob, Red Steel 2.
As you can see, that is a lot of quality to play through so I will be busy, plus I have a big backlog of 3DS games to get through too. I know I could have played the wii games on Wii U but I just couldn't pass up selling my bundle for $350. I can use that to get a PS4 when it gets better games.
Nintendo really dropped the ball and I can't see them being able to right the ship. This last Direct was their opportunity. With PS4 dropping in Japan and PS4 and Xbone about to come out with a huge amount/variety of games this year, the Wii U will be lost in the shuffle. I expect Nintendo is already working on their next system that will be what they teased...a gamepad type 3ds that you will be able to use with your TV. I think they might be done with stand alone consoles. They got lucky with the wii but haven't been able to really hang since SNES
The Wii U is doomed. They needed to knock it out of the park no pun intended and wow us with Wii U news but instead we got scraps. X looks great, but how about when it's coming out? Bayonetta 2? Great. We already know! Mario Kart 8, Smash Brothers...ditto.
This Direct has proven beyond a shadow of the doubt that they are much further behind and out of sync when it comes to the Wii U than even our worst fears. They needed to launch with Mario 3D World and this past Christmas Kart should have been out with Smash for this summer. They are 6-12 months behind schedule. They had an opportunity the first half of this year to really bring it when the other two consoles were light on games. They have failed. They are screwed. I have been a huge supporter, even an apologist at times, but no more. The Wii U will not survive through 2016. I seriously don't think you will see a Metroid, Star Fox, or Mario Galaxy. I think they will stop at Zelda U as their big game of 2015 and announce a new console for 2016.
Folks, with so much riding on today's Direct, the fact that they didn't announce any new 1st party games..not even a hint. .shows they just don't have anything remotely close to production. This is a disaster. I am going to hurry and try to beat my library of Wii U games and sell this thingamigaroowhee. I have a 3DS that I could be playing more that continues to get major support. The Wii U is an afterthought. Iwata needs to be fired
Watch the profanity -Lz
great article. This site might not be as active as some others but the articles are very well thought out and written. Keep up the good work
this game would take a year to beat completely without using the Super Guide. Hardest game I have ever played. On map 5 now and can't imagine people trying to beat a single level for hours. The train cart levels are damn near impossible. Screw that, I just got as far as I could and then used the Guide. Most times it's just the end sequence I can't get by and after 30 tries I throw in the towel. Great game though! Best graphics I have seen on the Wii
@Daruncic you know, maybe this is part of their new push to be more accommodating. Does anyone know if they'd allow them to make an Infinity style Pokeman game? Because Iwata did intimate that they were going to outsource some 1st party games so they could focus their internal teams on getting the others up to speed.
@TreonsRealm maybe they were nudged to do this by Nintendo. It'd be about time Nintendo tried to work with 3rd parties to gain favors of this type. They need the Wii U to be successful. They know Star Wars and Marvel are not far behind. If they can get kids to invest in a Wii U to play Infinity maybe it can result in lots of consoles being sold. The Wii U will still be able to do the older wii versions so this will only push those kids to have to get a Wii U to play the new ones. Genius and two years too late...but better late than never.
@AdanVC in the Wii U's defense, it had a pretty solid release and sales were pretty good going into 2013. There were enough 1st party (exclusives) games (NSMBU, ZombiU, NintendoLand) and ports of older 3rd party games (Arkham City, COD BO2, Fifa, Madden, AC3, ME3) to keep Wii U owners satisfied. I'm not saying that was overwhelming, but for the Nintendo fanboys (who primarily made up most of the initial sales tbh), finally getting to play these 3rd party games in HD on a Nintendo console was sufficient despite them being months old and oftentimes gimped.
So that brings us to 2013. And it's easy to see that Wii U owners might have played out the games they were interested in by the end of January. But great news, a 3rd party game loved and respected by pretty much all the gaming community, an exclusive, that once released solely on the Wii U, might have given some PS360 owners a legit reason to get a Wii U. And that game is Rayman Legends. Not only an exclusive but showed (via playing the character Murphy) a real legit use for the gamepad. Sweet right? Not only were Wii U owners clamoring for more games, but this is the dead season in gaming across all platforms. So it would have really had the spotlight on it and brought much needed attention to the Wii U instead of all the talk about no 3rd party games, no games period, only old ports, etc etc that were so damn prevalent during that time.
Let's pretend that did actually come out on Feb 26th like it was supposed to. That would have been a shot in the arm for the Wii U. Would have made Wii U owners happy, would have pushed a decent amount of console sales I'm sure, and shown a nice use for the gamepad. But that is just one game. What next? Well, in March we were given another two stellar exclusives (Lego City Undercover, and Monster Hunter Tri U) plus maybe the best 3rd party port to date from our 'friends' at EA, Need for Speed Most Wanted.
So armed with all these games, initial launch owners should have had enough games to tide them over until New Super Luigi U and Pikmin 3 hit mid summer. Yes there was a lull there but there is a lull for all consoles, it's just a very slow time in the gaming world. The Wii U owners that had come on board during the Rayman Legends release would have shown the gaming community that sales were continuing from the strong launch, that the Wii U was getting 3rd party support, and would have at least halved the amount of negative press the Wii U was getting (helped in large part by the fuel the non exclusivity and delay caused by Rayman Legends). I really think we are talking 500k to 1 million difference in Wii U sales were affected by Ubisoft's decision to screw Nintendo over.
The Wii U could have entered the 2013 Holiday season with 5 million consoles sold and by now be at 7-8 million. Certainly not super strong but a big difference from 5.86 million.
In summation, if Rayman Legends had come out as an exclusive in Feb, there would have been a very strong showing from both 1st and 3rd party going into the summer where Game and Wario, New Super Luigi U, PIkmin 3, and The Wonderful 101 came out for 1st party and Disney Infinity, Splinter Cell Blacklist, Ducktales Remastered. Then in the fall you got Wind Waker HD, Sonic Lost World and Wii Party U, Super Mario 3d World, Mario and Sonic at the Olympics for exclusives an old port Deus Ex and Arkham Origins, Lego Marvel, AC 4, Cod Ghosts for 3rd parties. So basically the Wii U has had pretty strong 3rd party titles interspersed with 1st party all along.
The one and only time it didn't was when Rayman Legends screwed them. If that doesn't happen, the sales might have jumped, the perception may have changed, the negative narrative might have gone away, and with all of that, maybe 3rd party software sales may have improved enough to get people off their backs.
I know Nintendo can't call out Ubisoft publicly but the ramifications for Ubi's decision has been grossly underscored. It was massive in the greater scheme of things. Maybe if the Wii U had sold 5 million by March instead of 3.9 million EA might have taken the time to deliver the 2014 Fifa and Madden and 2K might have made the NBA 2K14 game. That could have further pushed sales northward.
That is why I will not buy another Ubi game until it hit the bargain bin. I also won't buy any 3rd party game that doesn't come out at the same time as the other consoles and isn't gimped in some way (multiplayer, graphics, dlc). They just don't deserve your hard earned dollars. Save your money for the stellar games Nintendo makes. Since most of us have a 3ds or a PS360, there should be plenty of games to keep you busy until the Wii U can deliver on its promising exclusive offerings.
Sadly, I think 3rd party is all but gone. Watchdogs (if it even comes to the Wii U) might be the last one we see.
@theadrock13 just no
@TheRealThanos It's all and good that they understand the Japanese market. However, with America being their biggest market, it's time they take that audience into consideration a little more. It obviously isn't working what they are doing now. It's pretty universal that the Wii U name is bad. It's bad because it didn't differentiate itself from its predecessor and was too confusing. Many people still don't know it's a stand alone console, some still think it's a wii peripheral. Since I don't know who is ultimately responsible it might be unfair to blame Iwata for the name. I can blame Iwata for the lack of foresight to either name it something different (if he was responsible) or as CEO make sure those that were responsible understood what a bad idea it was.
I understand needing to swing for the fences on occasion, think outside the box, fail in order to succeed. But what people are forgetting is Nintendo has been failing pretty hard for awhile. The whole transition to the Wii U was a failure. They pretty much stopped supporting the wii with games but kept selling it at low prices which when the Wii U launched, contribute to the lack of sales. Since people didn't understand the differences between the two..for two whole holiday seasons they might have chosen a wii. Either those wii's should have been taken off shelves immediately upon the Wii U release or they should have kept making top games for the Wii but they didn't do either. The Wii Mini is a stupid product and stupid decision. Who can argue with that? In the last couple of years of the wii's life they could have included the component cables (for 480p) but instead cheaped out and continued with just the composite. They stopped making the wii backwards compatible with the gamecube..why? The Virtual Console was a joke with the limited releases and lack of games. Having zero quality control as far as what games came out was a huge reason the wii became a dust collector for millions. There was just too much cheap shovelware that was on shelves instead of the great 1st party games and the numerous top shelf 3rd party. Way too many people opted for the cheapest bad game and because their experience sucked they stopped playing the console. That really helped promote the perception that the wii had no games and was a fad. When in fact, there are so many great titles that were lost in the sea of shovelware.
When the Wii U came out they could have just sold the console without the gamepad for $199. This would have allowed everyone a chance to still play HD Nintendo games, Mii Verse etc. They could have sold the gamepad as a separate controller for $150. It isn't like the gamepad is being used all that much even after a full year. It's almost like an added plus, like the Kinect.
The name Wii U is horrible. Another major mistake by Iwata. Trying to ride the Wiis coattails. Most everyone can agree on that. Seeing how poorly the 3DS launched due to lack of games and proper marketing, he came out and said he had learned his lesson, yet the exact same thing has happened with the Wii U. Except a major difference, there still is a lack of games. There are some great titles but for a struggling console there needs to be back to back to back releases of top notch games with advertising.
So folks, for those saying let's give him a couple more years, you are missing the point. He has already proven to be lacking in foresight and understanding western and global trends. If the they are working behind the scenes on their next handhelds and consoles do you want this guy to be spearheading that effort? If so, why? Because he hit on a fad in the Wii?
People are capable of changing and he may turn things around. But I have my doubts and I'd rather not take the chance that he screws up another generation. Maybe give him through 2014 to try and turn things around but if he can't then I'd rather get someone in there with enough time to have input on the next gen before Iwata screws that up too.
So this isn't about the Wii U as a failure for why Iwata needs to go, it goes way back.
@TheRealThanos how again did I make that 'same mistake'. All I said was Iwata has failed to grasp the trends in western markets. He has even admitted so. But you disagree with him and me? hmmmm


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text: More from SI Report: Dodgers release pitcher Freddy Garcia Report: Dodgers release pitcher Freddy Garcia Marshawn Lynch sports gold cleats for Super Bowl Marshawn Lynch sports gold cleats for Super Bowl Louisville vs. FIU: Game time, live stream, TV coverage Louisville vs. FIU: Game time, live stream, TV coverage Pittsburgh-area high school football player dies after... Pittsburgh-area high school football player dies after... Close Tweet0 Share0 Comment0 Share0 Share0 Stumble It0 Print0 More SI Wire Green Bay eye doctor offers free Lasik surgery to NFL replacement refs by Marc Weinreich Email Posted: Thu Sep. 27, 2012 A Green Bay eye doctor is offering free Lasik surgery to the NFL replacement refs. (Otto Greule Jr/Getty Images)A lot has been said about the NFL's replacement refs this season. A few coaches in the league have been fined for their supposed verbal abuse towards them. Even President Barack Obama weighed in on their performance.Now, a Green Bay eye doctor is offering free Lasik eye surgery to the replacement refs, only days after the Green Bay Packers lost in controversial fashion to the Seattle Seahawks.According to WTVR in Appleton, WI, Dr. Christopher Smith, a local optometrist, has promised free Lasik eye surgery to any NFL replacement ref in order to prevent another confusing ending like the one that transpired on Sept. 24 when Seahawks receiver Golden Tate caught the game-winning touchdown with eight seconds remaining in the game. Smith said the one ref in particular who called the play a touchdown is nearsighted and needs to see beyond his own arm:"The referees obviously they had some vision issues, so we decided that we could help them with that," said Dr. Christopher Smith.The NFL and the NFL Referees Association are reportedly close to ending the lockout and the regular refs could be back on the field as early as Sept. 30. Promoted Stories Comments


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Yoga Mandala Sacred Valley Yoga Events
|Yoga Mandala Sacred Valley - Yoga Events in Peru
|Yoga Retreat:
|Petri Raisanen "An Ancient Yoga Journey in the Sacred Valley "
|Cusco Cusco Peru
|November 25, 2015 to November 29, 2015
|Yoga Mandala Sacred Valley
|For the first time we welcome Ashtanaga Teacher Petri Raisanen in Cusco- Peru!!! Petri Raisanen
Welcome to an amazing experience…..!!!! "An Ancient Yoga Journey in the sacred valley Machu Picchu - Peru" NOV 25 – 29 2015 Petri Raisanen is internationally known and respected Ashtanga Yoga teacher and therapist. He was a devoted student of the late Guru, Sri K. Pattabhi Jois, who authorized Petri to teach and Petri carefully passes on his Guru's exact teachings. Petri started practicing Ashtanga yoga in 1989 and teaching in 1991. He is co-owner and director of Ashtanga Yoga Helsinki, Finland. This retreat is a 5 day journey in Sacred Valley Cusco Peru. Petri Räisänen (born August 13, 1967) is an internationally known and respected Ashtanga Yoga teacher. He is a devoted student of his Guru, Sri K. Pattabhi Jois (1915-2009), who authorized Petri to teach, and Petri carefully passes on his Guru's exact teachings.
Petri started practicing Ashtanga yoga in 1989 and teaching in 1991. He is co-owner and director of Ashtanga Yoga Helsinki, one of the world's largest Ashtanga Yoga Shala's, which he founded with his friend Juha Javanainen in 1997. Sri K. Pattabhi Jois blessed the school to teach the traditional Ashtanga method.
In his yogic path Petri has studied with many other respected Ashtanga yoga instructors such as Derek Ireland (his first certified teacher), Radha Warrel, Lino Miele, Gwendoline Hunt, Eddie Stern and Sharath Jois, in addition to Sri K. Pattabi Jois.
Petri focuses his teaching on integrating healing and therapy with yoga, meeting student's individual needs and guiding their progress.Petri's adjustments are gentle, effective, therapeutic and, according to some of his students, almost magical. His touch originates, besides his own practice and teaching, from his past work as a traditional Finnish folk healer and naturopath. His friendly and relaxed behavior and precise perception gives a meditative, open and energetic atmosphere to his classes.
In 2004, Petri wrote the book "Ashtanga - The Yoga Tradition of Sri K. Pattabhi Jois" in collaboration with Sri K. Pattabhi Jois and his grandson, Sharath Jois. The book introduces the Ashtanga yoga method and philosophy, as well as its potential as a physical, mental, intellectual and spiritual practice. It is written as part of Petri's pilgrimage into Ashtanga yoga's inner word, with a great sense of respect towards his Guru and the Yoga Tradition.
His second book (about Ashtanga Yoga's Intermediate series) came out in 2007 in Finnish and was also written in collaboration with Sharath and Pattabhi Jois. The book is translated in English and will be released in Autumn 2016. Workshops • Mysore Practice and Intensive workshop with Petri • Pattabhi Jois' Asana aligments • Chanting and pranayama • The nature of Prana (theory and practice) • Building strength with Asana • Raw Food & Super Foods • Offering to Mother Earth with local shaman and the importance of the Coca Leaf • Temascal Ceremony
Daily schedule example: • 9 am Mysore Practice with Petri • 11am Brunch • Mother earth offering/ Temascal (Sweatlodge)/local hikes / Andean Sound Healing • 2pm Raw Food Lunch • 4pm Yoga workshop with Petri • 8pm dinner
This event is organize by Yoga Mandala Sacred Valley www.yogamandalasacredvalley.com
|Home Peru Yoga Events Newsletter
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Thank you for your interest in the Roche LLM in International Business Transactions.
All applications materials must be submitted by the following deadline for Fall 2015:
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Ansonia HS (AHS) Class of 1963 Alumni List
Help us Update the Ansonia HS 1963 Class List by adding any names missing from the list below:
1963 Class List
- Joan Bara
- Agostino Borgesano
- Diane Cannici
- Carmen Chevarella
- Jeanne Dellapiano
- Christine Furlo
- Beverly Goldson
- Alexandria Hamel
- James Nolan
- John Perkowski
- John Plaskon
- Alexandria Saltas
- Elizabeth Shea
- Sylvester Silva
- Gloria Urashka
- Leonarda Vetro
- Cheryl Weber
Know Ansonia HS Class of 1963 graduates that are NOT on this List? Help us Update the 1963 Class List by adding missing names.
Cleopatra was the top movie in theaters in 1963, with a lifetime gross of over $48,000,000. Among TV shows in 1963, The Beverly Hillbillies was the most popular of the year.
Hit Songs From 1963
In DreamsRoy Orbison
Mama Didn't LieJan Bradley
Just One LookDoris Troy
You've Really Got A Hold On MeMiracles
(You're The) Devil In DisguiseElvis Presley
Surfin' U.S.A.Beach Boys
Go Away Little GirlSteve Lawrence
Puff (The Magic Dragon)Peter, Paul and Mary
She's A FoolLesley Gore
Walk Right InRooftop Singers
Hit Movies From 1963
- Cleopatra
- The Sword in the Stone
- It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World
Hit TV Shows From 1963
- Lassie on CBS
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- Petticoat Junction on CBS
- McHale's Navy on ABC
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Ansonia High School News
More 1963 alumni from Ansonia HS Ansonia, CT have posted profiles on Classmates.com®. Click here to register for free at Classmates.com® and view other 1963 alumni.
The Ansonia High Ansonia, CT class of '63 alumni are listed below. These are former students from Ansonia in Ansonia, CT who graduated in 1963. Alumni listings below have either been searched for or they registered as members of this directory.
We also encourage you to keep up to date on news and reconnect with Ansonia High School alumni.


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Rich Campbell: Audit of Business Development Board of Martin County becomes basis to resolve controversy, negotiate contract
One thing has been missing during the prolonged — and controversial — contract negotiations between the Business Development Board of Martin County and the County Commission: an independent third party that could bring some clarity and direction to the process.
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Periodontology Faculty
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East Carolina University
Greenville, NC
Job Description: The Periodontology (Perio) Faculty in the School of Dental Medicine is responsible for teaching periodontology to pre-doctoral students and AEGD, GPR and Pediatric Dentistry residents in the Section of Periodontology, which is in the Division of Surgical Sciences.
The Division of Surgical Sciences consists of the dental specialties of Endodontology, Oral-Maxillofacial Pathology, Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, and Periodontology.
The Periodontology Faculty reports directly to the Section Chief of Periodontology. The Section and Division work in close cooperation with the Offices of Educational Support and Faculty Development, Clinical Affairs, Dental Education and Informatics and Planning and Extramural Affairs to support the School's programs and initiatives.
In addition, the Periodontology Section works closely with other Schools and Colleges of East Carolina University and other components of the University of North Carolina, as well as local/regional educational and clinical programs.
The Perio Faculty supports the development and implementation of the Periodontics aspects of the preclinical and clinical curriculum taught to the dental students.
Specific duties include:
Working closely with the Section Chief of Periodontology and the Assistant Dean for Dental Education and Informatics in curriculum development and implementation in periodontology for the general dentist.
Working closely with the Section Chief of Periodontology and the Associate Dean for Clinical Affairs in the development and implementation of the clinical and academic components of the electronic dental record related to periodontology.
Working closely with the Assistant Dean for Dental Education and Informatics and other informatics personnel to optimize the use of technology to support the section's teaching programs.
Helping ensure the dental students are competent in the management of patients requiring periodontal therapy.
Coordinate and help deliver curricular content related to periodontology in the simulation lab and didactic settings.
Willingness and ability to cover pre-doctoral students in the clinical setting in procedures in Periodontology as it pertains to the General Dentistry Model of the School of Dental Medicine. On occasion, willingness and ability to cover pre-doctoral students in the clinical setting in procedures outside of the field of Periodontology provided the individual has been properly calibrated to cover such procedures.
Conducting basic and/or clinical research, and other scholarly activities that will help qualify for appropriate promotion.
Preparing accreditation and other program documentation as needed.
Actively participating in the school's faculty practice plan.
Seeking to serve on committees and boards for state/federal government agencies, professional societies, and within the school.
Assisting the Section Chief of Periodontology, Division Chair of Surgical Sciences and Associate Dean for Clinical Affairs in quality assurance and improvement and compliance efforts.
Responding to assignments from the Section Chief of Periodontology, Chair of the Division of Surgical Sciences and the Dean of the School of Dental Medicine essential to the section, division and school operations.
Responding to local and national requests for information and documentation related to the section's didactic and clinical programs.
Attending meetings and representing the School in internal and external venues as requested by the Section Chief, Division Chair or the Dean.
Representing the School to external constituencies as appropriate.
Performing other duties and assuming additional responsibilities as assigned by the Section Chief, Division Chair or the Dean.
Fixed term or tenure track position available
Minimum Qualifications: Required Qualifications
DDS or DMD (or equivalent) from an appropriately accredited institution with expertise in dental education.
Eligibility for dental licensure in North Carolina.
Broad knowledge of issues in dental education.
Commitment to general practice model of education, including a broad definition of the scope of general dentistry.
Commitment to the mission of the School of Dental Medicine.
Completion of an advanced education program in Periodontics accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation of the American Dental Association.
Minimum of 3 years of teaching experience in an academic setting such as a dental school, hospital or military program.
Preferred Qualifications
Commitment to evidence-based teaching and practice.
Diplomate of the American Board of Periodontology.
Willingness to apply academic experiences of contemporary dental education and traditional educational values to the Community Services Learning Center model.
Clinical experience in dental education at the institutional level, working in development, implementation, evaluation and monitoring of departmental programs leading to the dental degree.
Experience with digital record keeping, imaging, and/or grading.
Experience in preparing and teaching preclinical and clinical aspects of periodontology.
Special Instructions to Applicants: East Carolina University requires applicants to submit a candidate profile online in order to be considered for the position. In addition to submitting a candidate profile online, please submit online the required applicant documents:
Curriculum Vitae
Letter of Interest
List of Three References (noting contact information)
Date Initial Screening Begins: 10/01/2012
Job Close Date: Open Until Filled
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To kick off Domestic Violence Awareness Month, the New Jersey Coalition for Battered Women held a special press conference highlighting the progress and future goals of the coalition to address domestic violence in New Jersey.
"I am proud to announce that the coalition will now be known as the New Jersey Coalition to End Domestic Violence. We are making this change to reflect our broader goal of preventing and ultimately ending domestic violence for every victim," Jane Shivas, executive director of New Jersey Coalition for Battered Women, said during the press conference. "Since 1978, the New Jersey Coalition for Battered Women has had the privilege to serve as a statewide association providing leadership, support and resources on the response and prevention of violence against women in New Jersey."
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Case Challenges presents a description of a challenging case and related images, then reveals the unusual diagnosis and diagnosis explanation.
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This Healio resource offers the details behind these guidelines, in addition to unfettered access to what your colleagues are saying about current guidelines and how they can be incorporated into practice.
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HN-FSI004 Summit
Summit SWC1775 120 Bottle Wine CoolerItem # HN-FSI004
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Maria Zifchak Movies and Career Information
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August 18, 2011
Carlwell denied a sixth year
After months and months of waiting, San Diego state finally got an answer from the NCAA on Thursday.
And it certainly wasn't worth the wait for the Aztecs.
The NCAA announced SDSU center Brian Carlwell will not get a sixth year of eligibility to play for the Aztecs this season.
"I was hurt when I found out I wasn't going to be able to come back," Carlwell said in statement released by the school. "My time at San Diego State was amazing. I couldn't ask for a better three years of my life. I was a part of an amazing team. We made history at San Diego State and our legacy will forever live and that is something I am really proud of."
Carlwell transferred to SDSU from Illinois in 2008, and after sitting out the 2008-09 season because of NCAA rules, he helped the Aztecs to two NCAA Tournament runs these past two seasons.
In his career with the Aztecs, he won 59 games and averaged 4.2 points per game.
The Aztecs have one scholarship available now for the 2011-12 team. If guard Devon Bookert does not accept SDSU's offer, the Aztecs will likely save the schollie for 2012's deep class.
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Publications (25)384.68 Total impact
Article: Immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine and implications for duration of vaccine efficacy: secondary analysis of data from a phase 3 randomised controlled trial[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: The RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine targets the circumsporozoite protein, inducing antibodies associated with the prevention of Plasmodium falciparum infection. We assessed the association between anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres and the magnitude and duration of vaccine efficacy using data from a phase 3 trial done between 2009 and 2014. Methods: Using data from 8922 African children aged 5-17 months and 6537 African infants aged 6-12 weeks at first vaccination, we analysed the determinants of immunogenicity after RTS,S/AS01 vaccination with or without a booster dose. We assessed the association between the incidence of clinical malaria and anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres using a model of anti-circumsporozoite antibody dynamics and the natural acquisition of protective immunity over time. Findings: RTS,S/AS01-induced anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres were greater in children aged 5-17 months than in those aged 6-12 weeks. Pre-vaccination anti-circumsporozoite titres were associated with lower immunogenicity in children aged 6-12 weeks and higher immunogenicity in those aged 5-17 months. The immunogenicity of the booster dose was strongly associated with immunogenicity after primary vaccination. Anti-circumsporozoite titres wane according to a biphasic exponential distribution. In participants aged 5-17 months, the half-life of the short-lived component of the antibody response was 45 days (95% credible interval 42-48) and that of the long-lived component was 591 days (557-632). After primary vaccination 12% (11-13) of the response was estimated to be long-lived, rising to 30% (28-32%) after a booster dose. An anti-circumsporozoite antibody titre of 121 EU/mL (98-153) was estimated to prevent 50% of infections. Waning anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres predict the duration of efficacy against clinical malaria across different age categories and transmission intensities, and efficacy wanes more rapidly at higher transmission intensity. Interpretation: Anti-circumsporozoite antibody titres are a surrogate of protection for the magnitude and duration of RTS,S/AS01 efficacy, with or without a booster dose, providing a valuable surrogate of effectiveness for new RTS,S formulations in the age groups considered. Funding: UK Medical Research Council.The Lancet Infectious Diseases 09/2015; DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00239-X · 22.43 Impact Factor
Article: Effi cacy and safety of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine with or without a booster dose in infants and children in Africa: fi nal results of a phase 3, individually randomised, controlled trial[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Summary Background The effi cacy and safety of the RTS,S/AS01 candidate malaria vaccine during 18 months of follow-up have been published previously. Herein, we report the fi nal results from the same trial, including the effi cacy of a booster dose. Methods From March 27, 2009, until Jan 31, 2011, children (age 5–17 months) and young infants (age 6–12 weeks) were enrolled at 11 centres in seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) at fi rst vaccination by block randomisation with minimisation by centre to receive three doses of RTS,S/AS01 at months 0, 1, and 2 and a booster dose at month 20 (R3R group); three doses of RTS,S/AS01 and a dose of comparator vaccine at month 20 (R3C group); or a comparator vaccine at months 0, 1, 2, and 20 (C3C [control group]). Participants were followed up until Jan 31, 2014. Cases of clinical and severe malaria were captured through passive case detection. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded. Analyses were by modifi ed intention to treat and per protocol. The coprimary endpoints were the occurrence of malaria over 12 months after dose 3 in each age category. In this fi nal analysis, we present data for the effi cacy of the booster on the occurrence of malaria. Vaccine effi cacy (VE) against clinical malaria was analysed by negative binomial regression and against severe malaria by relative risk reduction. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00866619. Findings 8922 children and 6537 young infants were included in the modifi ed intention-to-treat analyses. Children were followed up for a median of 48 months (IQR 39–50) and young infants for 38 months (34–41) after dose 1. From month 0 until study end, compared with 9585 episodes of clinical malaria that met the primary case defi nition in children in the C3C group, 6616 episodes occurred in the R3R group (VE 36·3%, 95% CI 31·8–40·5) and 7396 occurred in the R3C group (28·3%, 23·3–32·9); compared with 171 children who experienced at least one episode of severe malaria in the C3C group, 116 children experienced at least one episode of severe malaria in the R3R group (32·2%, 13·7 to 46·9) and 169 in the R3C group (1·1%, –23·0 to 20·5). In young infants, compared with 6170 episodes of clinical malaria that met the primary case defi nition in the C3C group, 4993 episodes occurred in the R3R group (VE 25·9%, 95% CI 19·9–31·5) and 5444 occurred in the R3C group (18·3%, 11·7–24·4); and compared with 116 infants who experienced at least one episode of severe malaria in the C3C group, 96 infants experienced at least one episode of severe malaria in the R3R group (17·3%, 95% CI –9·4 to 37·5) and 104 in the R3C group (10·3%, –17·9 to 31·8). In children, 1774 cases of clinical malaria were averted per 1000 children (95% CI 1387–2186) in the R3R group and 1363 per 1000 children (995–1797) in the R3C group. The numbers of cases averted per 1000 young infants were 983 (95% CI 592–1337) in the R3R group and 558 (158–926) in the R3C group. The frequency of SAEs overall was balanced between groups. However, meningitis was reported as a SAE in 22 children: 11 in the R3R group, ten in the R3C group, and one in the C3C group. The incidence of generalised convulsive seizures within 7 days of RTS,S/AS01 booster was 2·2 per 1000 doses in young infants and 2·5 per 1000 doses in children. Interpretation RTS,S/AS01 prevented a substantial number of cases of clinical malaria over a 3–4 year period in young infants and children when administered with or without a booster dose. Effi cacy was enhanced by the administration of a booster dose in both age categories. Thus, the vaccine has the potential to make a substantial contribution to malaria control when used in combination with other eff ective control measures, especially in areas of high transmission.The Lancet 04/2015; 385:1581. · 45.22 Impact Factor
Article: Efficacy and Safety of the RTS,S/AS01 Malaria Vaccine during 18 Months after Vaccination: A Phase 3 Randomized, Controlled Trial in Children and Young Infants at 11 African Sites[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Abstract Background:A malaria vaccine could be an important addition to current control strategies. We report the safety and vaccine efficacy (VE) of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine during 18 mo following vaccination at 11 African sites with varying malaria transmission. Methods and Findings:6,537 infants aged 6–12 wk and 8,923 children aged 5–17 mo were randomized to receive three doses of RTS,S/AS01 or comparator vaccine. VE against clinical malaria in children during the 18 mo after vaccine dose 3 (per protocol) was 46% (95% CI 42% to 50%) (range 40% to 77%; VE, p,0.01 across all sites). VE during the 20 mo after vaccine dose 1 (intention to treat [ITT]) was 45% (95% CI 41% to 49%). VE against severe malaria, malaria hospitalization, and all-cause hospitalization was 34% (95% CI 15% to 48%), 41% (95% CI 30% to 50%), and 19% (95% CI 11% to 27%), respectively (ITT). VE against clinical malaria in infants was 27% (95% CI 20% to 32%, per protocol; 27% [95% CI 21% to 33%], ITT), with no significant protection against severe malaria, malaria hospitalization, or all-cause hospitalization. Postvaccination anti-circumsporozoite antibody geometric mean titer varied from 348 to 787 EU/ml across sites in children and from 117 to 335 EU/ml in infants (per protocol). VE waned over time in both age categories (Schoenfeld residualsp,0.001). The number of clinical and severe malaria cases averted per 1,000 children vaccinated ranged across sites from 37 to 2,365 and from21 to 49, respectively; corresponding ranges among infants were210 to 1,402 and213 to 37, respectively (ITT). Meningitis was reported as a serious adverse event in 16/5,949 and 1/2,974 children and in 9/4,358 and 3/2,179 infants in the RTS,S/AS01 and control groups, respectively. Conclusions:RTS,S/AS01 prevented many cases of clinical and severe malaria over the 18 mo after vaccine dose 3, with the highest impact in areas with the greatest malaria incidence. VE was higher in children than in infants, but even at modest levels of VE, the number of malaria cases averted was substantial. RTS,S/AS01 could be an important addition to current malaria control in Africa. Trial registration:http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00866619 Please see later in the article for the Editors' SummaryPLoS Medicine 07/2014; 11(7). DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001685 · 14.43 Impact Factor
Article: A Phase 3 Trial of RTS,S/AS01 Malaria Vaccine in African Infants The RTS,S Clinical Trials Partnership N Engl J Med 2012; 367:2284-2295December 13, 2012DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1208394[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background The candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01 reduced episodes of both clinical and severe malaria in children 5 to 17 months of age by approximately 50% in an ongoing phase 3 trial. We studied infants 6 to 12 weeks of age recruited for the same trial. Methods We administered RTS,S/AS01 or a comparator vaccine to 6537 infants who were 6 to 12 weeks of age at the time of the first vaccination in conjunction with Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccines in a three-dose monthly schedule. Vaccine efficacy against the first or only episode of clinical malaria during the 12 months after vaccination, a coprimary end point, was analyzed with the use of Cox regression. Vaccine efficacy against all malaria episodes, vaccine efficacy against severe malaria, safety, and immunogenicity were also assessed. Results The incidence of the first or only episode of clinical malaria in the intention-to-treat population during the 14 months after the first dose of vaccine was 0.31 per person-year in the RTS,S/AS01 group and 0.40 per person-year in the control group, for a vaccine efficacy of 30.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.6 to 36.1). Vaccine efficacy in the per-protocol population was 31.3% (97.5% CI, 23.6 to 38.3). Vaccine efficacy against severe malaria was 26.0% (95% CI, −7.4 to 48.6) in the intention-to-treat population and 36.6% (95% CI, 4.6 to 57.7) in the per-protocol population. Serious adverse events occurred with a similar frequency in the two study groups. One month after administration of the third dose of RTS,S/AS01, 99.7% of children were positive for anti-circumsporozoite antibodies, with a geometric mean titer of 209 EU per milliliter (95% CI, 197 to 222). Conclusions The RTS,S/AS01 vaccine coadministered with EPI vaccines provided modest protection against both clinical and severe malaria in young infants. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals and the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative; RTS,S ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00866619.)New England Journal of Medicine 12/2012; 367(367):2284-2295. · 55.87 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Background: The candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01 reduced episodes of both clinical and severe malaria in children 5 to 17 months of age by approximately 50% in an ongoing phase 3 trial. We studied infants 6 to 12 weeks of age recruited for the same trial. Methods: We administered RTS,S/AS01 or a comparator vaccine to 6537 infants who were 6 to 12 weeks of age at the time of the first vaccination in conjunction with Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccines in a three-dose monthly schedule. Vaccine efficacy against the first or only episode of clinical malaria during the 12 months after vaccination, a coprimary end point, was analyzed with the use of Cox regression. Vaccine efficacy against all malaria episodes, vaccine efficacy against severe malaria, safety, and immunogenicity were also assessed. Results: The incidence of the first or only episode of clinical malaria in the intention-to-treat population during the 14 months after the first dose of vaccine was 0.31 per person-year in the RTS,S/AS01 group and 0.40 per person-year in the control group, for a vaccine efficacy of 30.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.6 to 36.1). Vaccine efficacy in the per-protocol population was 31.3% (97.5% CI, 23.6 to 38.3). Vaccine efficacy against severe malaria was 26.0% (95% CI, -7.4 to 48.6) in the intention-to-treat population and 36.6% (95% CI, 4.6 to 57.7) in the per-protocol population. Serious adverse events occurred with a similar frequency in the two study groups. One month after administration of the third dose of RTS,S/AS01, 99.7% of children were positive for anti-circumsporozoite antibodies, with a geometric mean titer of 209 EU per milliliter (95% CI, 197 to 222). Conclusions: The RTS,S/AS01 vaccine coadministered with EPI vaccines provided modest protection against both clinical and severe malaria in young infants. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals and the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative; RTS,S ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00866619.).New England Journal of Medicine 12/2012; 367(24):2284-2295. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1208394 · 55.87 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: An ongoing phase 3 study of the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of candidate malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01 is being conducted in seven African countries. From March 2009 through January 2011, we enrolled 15,460 children in two age categories--6 to 12 weeks of age and 5 to 17 months of age--for vaccination with either RTS,S/AS01 or a non-malaria comparator vaccine. The primary end point of the analysis was vaccine efficacy against clinical malaria during the 12 months after vaccination in the first 6000 children 5 to 17 months of age at enrollment who received all three doses of vaccine according to protocol. After 250 children had an episode of severe malaria, we evaluated vaccine efficacy against severe malaria in both age categories. In the 14 months after the first dose of vaccine, the incidence of first episodes of clinical malaria in the first 6000 children in the older age category was 0.32 episodes per person-year in the RTS,S/AS01 group and 0.55 episodes per person-year in the control group, for an efficacy of 50.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45.8 to 54.6) in the intention-to-treat population and 55.8% (97.5% CI, 50.6 to 60.4) in the per-protocol population. Vaccine efficacy against severe malaria was 45.1% (95% CI, 23.8 to 60.5) in the intention-to-treat population and 47.3% (95% CI, 22.4 to 64.2) in the per-protocol population. Vaccine efficacy against severe malaria in the combined age categories was 34.8% (95% CI, 16.2 to 49.2) in the per-protocol population during an average follow-up of 11 months. Serious adverse events occurred with a similar frequency in the two study groups. Among children in the older age category, the rate of generalized convulsive seizures after RTS,S/AS01 vaccination was 1.04 per 1000 doses (95% CI, 0.62 to 1.64). The RTS,S/AS01 vaccine provided protection against both clinical and severe malaria in African children. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals and the PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative; RTS,S ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00866619 .).New England Journal of Medicine 11/2011; 365(20):1863-75. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa1102287 · 55.87 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Using segregation analyses, control of malaria parasites has previously been linked to a major gene within the chromosomal region 5q31-33, but also to complex genetic factors in which effects are under substantial age-dependent influence. However, the responsible gene variants have not yet been identified for this chromosomal region. In order to perform association analyses of 5q31-33 locus candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 1015 children were recruited at the age of 3 months and followed monthly until the age of 2 years in an area holoendemic for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ghana. Quantitative (incidence rates of malaria episodes) and qualitative phenotypes (i.e. 'more than one malaria episode' or 'not more than one malaria episode') were used in population- and family-based analyses. The strongest signal was observed for the interleukin 3 gene (IL3) SNP rs40401 (P = 3.4 × 10(-7), P(c)= 1.4 × 10(-4)). The IL3 genotypes rs40401(CT) and rs40401(TT) were found to exert a protective effect of 25% [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.75, P = 4.1 × 10(-5)] and 33% (IRR 0.67, P = 3.2 × 10(-8)), respectively, against malaria attacks. The association was confirmed in transmission disequilibrium tests (TDT, qTDT). The results could argue for a role of IL3 in the pathophysiology of falciparum malaria.Human Molecular Genetics 02/2011; 20(6):1173-81. DOI:10.1093/hmg/ddq562 · 6.39 Impact Factor
Article: Follow-up Survey of Children Who Received Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine for Intermittent Preventive Antimalarial Treatment in Infants[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Recently, the World Health Organization emphasized the potential benefit of intermittent preventive treatment in infants (IPTi) to control malaria and officially recommended implementation of IPTi with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in areas with moderate and high transmission, where SP resistance is not high. As reported rebound effects make further observation mandatory, we performed a survey of participants of a former IPTi trial. Malariometric parameters were similar in the SP and the placebo group. In contrast, anti-Plasmodium falciparum lysate immunoglobulin G antibody levels, a proxy measure for preceding malaria episodes, remained lower in the SP arm. The most likely explanation is a lower overall exposure to parasitic antigens after IPTi.The Journal of Infectious Diseases 02/2011; 203(4):556-60. DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiq079 · 6.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Human parvovirus 4 has been considered to be transmitted only parenterally. However, after novel genotype 3 of parvovirus 4 was found in 2 patients with no parenteral risks, we tested infants in Ghana. A viremia rate of 8.6% over 2 years indicates that this infection is common in children in Africa.Emerging Infectious Diseases 07/2010; 16(7):1143-6. DOI:10.3201/eid1607.100025 · 6.75 Impact Factor
Article: Differing effects of HbS and HbC traits on uncomplicated falciparum malaria, anemia, and child growth[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The high prevalence of hemoglobin S (HbS) in Africa and hemoglobin C (HbC) in parts of West Africa is caused by the strong protection against severe falciparum malaria during childhood. Much less is known about the effect of HbS and especially HbC on Plasmodium falciparum infection, uncomplicated malaria, and anemia. A total of 1070 children from the Ashanti Region, Ghana, were enrolled at the age of 3 months and visited monthly until 2 years of age. The effects of the beta-globin genotype on the age-dependent incidence of malaria, levels of parasitemia, and hemoglobin as well as physical development were analyzed by population-averaged models. Infants with HbAS were protected from uncomplicated malaria (P < .005) and anemia (P < .001), had lower age-adjusted parasite densities (P < .001), and higher age-adjusted hemoglobin levels compared with children with the HbAA genotype (P = .004). In contrast, HbAC carriers had lower hemoglobin levels (P < .033) and were not protected against malaria or anemia. Notably, infants with HbAS were also significantly protected against stunting compared with carriers of HbAA or HbAC. This indicates differing mechanisms of protection against malaria of HbAS and HbAC and might help to understand why HbC is restricted to distinct areas of West Africa.Blood 03/2010; 115(22):4551-8. DOI:10.1182/blood-2009-09-241844 · 10.45 Impact Factor
Article: Efficacy and safety of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for malaria in African infants: a pooled analysis of six randomised, placebo-controlled trials[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) is a promising strategy for malaria control in infants. We undertook a pooled analysis of the safety and efficacy of IPT in infants (IPTi) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Africa. We pooled data from six double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trials (undertaken one each in Tanzania, Mozambique, and Gabon, and three in Ghana) that assessed the efficacy of IPTi with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. In all trials, IPTi or placebo was given to infants at the time of routine vaccinations delivered by WHO's Expanded Program on Immunization. Data from the trials for incidence of clinical malaria, risk of anaemia (packed-cell volume <25% or haemoglobin <80 g/L), and incidence of hospital admissions and adverse events in infants up to 12 months of age were reanalysed by use of standard outcome definitions and time periods. Analysis was by modified intention to treat, including all infants who received at least one dose of IPTi or placebo. The six trials provided data for 7930 infants (IPTi, n=3958; placebo, n=3972). IPTi had a protective efficacy of 30.3% (95% CI 19.8-39.4, p<0.0001) against clinical malaria, 21.3% (8.2-32.5, p=0.002) against the risk of anaemia, 38.1% (12.5-56.2, p=0.007) against hospital admissions associated with malaria parasitaemia, and 22.9% (10.0-34.0, p=0.001) against all-cause hospital admissions. There were 56 deaths in the IPTi group compared with 53 in the placebo group (rate ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.72-1.54, p=0.79). One death, judged as possibly related to IPTi because it occurred 19 days after a treatment dose, was subsequently attributed to probable sepsis. Four of 676 non-fatal hospital admissions in the IPTi group were deemed related to study treatment compared with five of 860 in the placebo group. None of three serious dermatological adverse events in the IPTi group were judged related to study treatment compared with one of 13 in the placebo group. IPTi with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was safe and efficacious across a range of malaria transmission settings, suggesting that this intervention is a useful contribution to malaria control. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.The Lancet 09/2009; 374(9700):1533-42. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61258-7 · 45.22 Impact Factor
Article: Sickle cell trait (HbAS) and stunting in children below two years of age in an area of high malaria transmission[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: While the protective effects of sickle cell trait (HbAS) against severe malaria and the resulting survival advantage are well known, the impact on the physical development in young children remains unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between HbS carriage and stunting in children below two years of age in a cohort from the Ashanti Region, Ghana. 1,070 children were recruited at three months of age and followed-up for 21 months with anthropometric measurements performed every three months. Incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated by Poisson regression to estimate the association of beta-globin genotypes with the number of malaria episodes. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for the association between the occurrence of beta-globin genotypes and/or malaria episodes and stunting. The age-dependent between-group and within-group effects for the beta-globin genotypes were assessed by population-averaged models estimated by generalized estimation equation with autoregressive correlation structure. Analyses showed a significantly lower age-dependent risk of stunting (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.33-0.96) in carriers of the HbAS genotype (n = 102) in comparison to those with HbAA (n = 692). This effect was restricted to children who experienced malaria episodes during the observation period suggesting that the beneficial effect of the beta-globin HbS variant on the incidence of stunting is closely linked to its protection from mild malaria episodes. The lower risk of chronic malnutrition in early childhood, mediated by protection against mild malaria episodes, may contribute to the survival advantage of HbAS carriers in areas of high malaria transmission.Malaria Journal 02/2009; 8:16. DOI:10.1186/1475-2875-8-16 · 3.11 Impact Factor
Article: A randomized trial on effectiveness of artemether-Lumefantrine versus artesunate plus amodiaquine for unsupervised treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ghanaian children[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Numerous trials have demonstrated high efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) under supervised treatment. In contrast, effectiveness studies comparing different types of ACT applied unsupervised are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness, tolerability and acceptance of artesunate plus amodiaquine (ASAQ) against that of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in Ghanaian children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. A randomized open-label trial was conducted at two district hospitals in the Ashanti region, Ghana, an area of intense malaria transmission. A total of 246 children under five years of age were randomly assigned to either ASAQ (Arsucam) or AL (Coartem). Study participants received their first weight-adjusted dose under supervision. After the parent/guardian was advised of times and mode of administration the respective three-day treatment course was completed unobserved at home. Follow-up visits were performed on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 to evaluate clinical and parasitological outcomes, adverse events, and haematological recovery. Length polymorphisms of variable regions of msp1 and msp2 were determined to differentiate recrudescences from reinfections. Acceptance levels of both treatment regimens were assessed by means of standardized interviews. Adequate clinical and parasitological responses after AL and ASAQ treatment were similar (88.3% and 91.7%, respectively). Interestingly, more late clinical failures until day 28 occurred in AL-treated children than in those who received ASAQ (17.5% and 7.3%, respectively; Hazard Ratio 2.41, 95% CI 1.00-5.79, p < 0.05).Haematological recovery and drug tolerability were not found to be significantly different in both study arms. The acceptance of treatment with ASAQ was higher than that with AL (rank-scores 10.6 and 10.3, respectively; p < 0.05). Unobserved AL and ASAQ treatment showed high adequate clinical and parasitological responses, though AL was inferior in preventing late clinical failures.Malaria Journal 12/2008; 7(1):261. DOI:10.1186/1475-2875-7-261 · 3.11 Impact Factor
Article: Therapeutic and prophylactic effect of intermittent preventive anti-malarial treatment in infants (IPTi) from Ghana and Gabon[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Intermittent preventive treatment in infants (IPTi) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) reduces the incidence of malaria episodes in young children. The exact mechanism by which the protective effect is mediated needs to be defined. This study aimed to investigate therapeutic, prophylactic, and possible exceeding effects of SP-based IPTi in two clinical trials. Protective efficacies from two IPTi trials performed in Kumasi, Ghana, and Lambaréné, Gabon, were assessed for overlapping time series of 61 days. For six-months periods after each of three IPTi doses a multivariate Poisson regression model with the respective cohort as co-variate was generated and effect modification of protective efficacy with time strata was evaluated by log-likelihood tests. Protective efficacies were not significantly different between the two study cohorts. Study-cohort corrected protective efficacy was highest for the first 61 days after each IPTi application and decreased continuously. For the first 61 days after IPTi-1, IPTi-2, and IPTi-3 the protective efficacy was 71%, 44%, and 43%, respectively. A reduction of the malaria incidence rate was detectable for the first 60, 30 and 40 days after IPTi-1, IPTi-2 and IPTi-3 drug application, respectively. After IPTi-3 a higher risk for malaria could be seen after day 60. This effect was mainly based on the overwhelming influence of the Kumasi cohort. The results suggest that SP-based IPTi mainly works through a therapeutic and prophylactic effect over 30 to 60 days after drug application and that a sustained effect beyond post-treatment prophylaxis might be very low. Data analysis from clinical trials NCT ID # 00206739 (Kumasi Trial) and NCT ID # 00167843 (Lambaréné Trial), http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.Malaria Journal 11/2008; 7:198. DOI:10.1186/1475-2875-7-198 · 3.11 Impact Factor
Article: Expression of Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 STEVOR proteins for evaluation of antibody responses following malaria infections in naïve infants[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Clinical immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria develops after repeated exposure to the parasite. At least 2 P. falciparum variant antigens encoded by multicopy gene families (var and rif) are targets of this adaptive antibody-mediated immunity. A third multigene family of variant antigens comprises the stevor genes. Here, 4 different stevor sequences were selected for cloning and expression in Escherichia coli and His6-tagged fusion proteins were used for assessing the development of immunity. In a cross-sectional analysis of clinically immune adults living in a malaria endemic area in Ghana, high levels of anti-STEVOR IgG antibody titres were determined in ELISA. A cross-sectional study of 90 nine-month-old Ghanaian infants using 1 recombinant STEVOR showed that the antibody responses correlated positively with the number of parasitaemia episodes. In a longitudinal investigation of 17 immunologically naïve 9-month-old infants, 3 different patterns of anti-STEVOR antibody responses could be distinguished (high, transient and low). Children with high anti-STEVOR-antibody levels exhibited an elevated risk for developing parasitaemia episodes. Overall, a protective effect could not be attributed to antibodies against the STEVOR proteins chosen for the study presented here.Parasitology 03/2008; 135(2):155-67. DOI:10.1017/S0031182007003794 · 2.56 Impact Factor
Article: Q Fever in Young Children, GhanaEmerging infectious diseases 03/2008; 14(2):344-6. DOI:10.3201/eid1402.070971 · 6.75 Impact Factor
Article: Spatial Variation of Malaria Incidence in Young Children from a Geographically Homogeneous Area with High Endemicity[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among young children. Detailed knowledge of spatial variation of malaria epidemiology and associated risk factors is important for planning and evaluating malaria-control measures. The spatial variation of malaria incidences and socioeconomic factors were assessed over 21 months, from January 2003 to September 2005, in 535 children from 9 villages of a small rural area with high Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Ghana. Household positions were mapped by use of a global positioning system, and the spatial effects on malaria rates were assessed by means of ecological analyses and bivariate Poisson regression controlling for possible confounding factors. Malaria incidence was surprisingly heterogeneous between villages, and ecological analyses showed strong correlations with village area (R(2) = 0.74; P = .003) and population size (R(2) = 0.68; P = .006). Malaria risk was affected by a number of socioeconomic factors. Poisson regression showed an independent linear rate reduction with increasing distance between children's households and the fringe of the forest. The exact location of households in villages is an independent and important factor for the variation of malaria incidence in children from high-transmission areas. This fact should be considered in the planning of intervention trials and in spatial targeting of malaria interventions at a local level.The Journal of Infectious Diseases 02/2008; 197(1):85-93. DOI:10.1086/524066 · 6.00 Impact Factor
Article: Immune responses after single dose sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine indicate underestimation of protective efficacy of intermittent preventive treatment in infants[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To assess how intermittent preventive treatment in infants (IPTi) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) affects Immunoglobulin (IgG) immune responses against Plasmodium falciparum in infants from rural Ghana. Randomized, placebo-controlled and double-blinded clinical trial with participants randomized in blocks of 10 to receive either 250 mg sulphadoxine/2.5 mg pyrimethamine or placebo at the age of 3 (IPTi-1), 9 (IPTi-2) and 15 (IPTi-3) months and followed-up for 21 months. (i) Anti-P. falciparum IgG levels were measured in 180 children at the age of 9 months. (ii) Longitudinal study of the relationship between IgG levels and P. falciparum infections and/or clinical malaria in 17 naive children until they reached the age of 2 years. IgG antibody levels against crude P. falciparum lysate were dependent on the frequency of preceding infections and significantly lower in children treated with SP. Placebo-treated children had an indifferentially higher incidence of P. falciparum infections than clinically observed, which implicates an underestimation of the protective efficacy of IPTi. IgG profiles in 17 children followed up until the age of 2 years provided no evidence for impaired immune responses after a single dose of SP within the framework of IPTi.Tropical Medicine & International Health 11/2007; 12(10):1157-63. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01902.x · 2.33 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Intermittent preventive antimalarial treatment in infants (IPTi) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine reduces falciparum malaria and anemia but has not been evaluated in areas with intense perennial malaria transmission. It is unknown whether an additional treatment in the second year of life prolongs protection. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with administration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine therapy at 3, 9, and 15 months of age was conducted with 1070 children in an area in Ghana where malaria is holoendemic. Participants were monitored for 21 months after recruitment through active follow-up visits and passive case detection. The primary end point was malaria incidence, and additional outcome measures were anemia, outpatient visits, hospital admissions, and mortality. Stratified analyses for 6-month periods after each treatment were performed. Protective efficacy against malaria episodes was 20% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11%-29%). The frequency of malaria episodes was reduced after the first 2 sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine applications (protective efficacy, 23% [95% CI, 6%-36%] after the first dose and 17% [95% CI, 1%-30%] after the second dose). After the third treatment at month 15, however, no protection was achieved. Protection against the first or single anemia episode was only significant after the first IPTi dose (protective efficacy, 30%; 95% CI, 5%-49%). The number of anemia episodes increased after the last IPTi dose (protective efficacy, -24%; 95% CI, -50% to -2%). In an area of intense perennial malaria transmission, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-based IPTi conferred considerably lower protection than reported in areas where the disease is moderately or seasonally endemic. Protective efficacy is age-dependent, and extension of IPTi into the second year of life does not provide any benefit.Clinical Infectious Diseases 08/2007; 45(1):16-25. DOI:10.1086/518575 · 8.89 Impact Factor
Article: P772 Sociodemographic and spatial infiuences on the malaria incidence of infants in the Ashanti Region/GhanaInternational Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 03/2007; 29. DOI:10.1016/S0924-8579(07)70613-1 · 4.30 Impact Factor
Top Journals
Ghana Health ServiceAkra, Greater Accra, Ghana
Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical MedicineCoomassie, Ashanti, Ghana
Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine
Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Group Infectious Disease Epidemiology


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