text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 27, 2004
|Filing date
|Nov 20, 2003
|Priority date
|Nov 20, 2002
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Christel-Loic Tisse, Laurent Plaza, Guillaume Petitjean
|Original Assignee
|Stmicroelectronics S.A.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (5), Classifications (8), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to the field of digital image processing and, more specifically, to methods of identification or authentication based on digital images of an eye. The present invention more specifically relates to the preprocessing applied to images of the same eye to determine a score characteristic of the definition of each image and, according to a preferred aspect, select that of these images which is the clearest.
[0003] 2. Discussion of the Related Art
[0004] Iris recognition is a well tested biometric identification technique, provided that the image on which the analysis and identification methods are applied is an exploitable image. In particular, the performance of recognition algorithms strongly depends on the definition of the image of the iris to be identified.
[0005] Now, in most applications, and especially in on-board applications (for example for an access control of a telephone or a laptop computer, for an electronic key, etc.), the used camera (digital sensor and lens) does not have an autofocus system adjusting the (real or simulated) focal distance according to the distance.
[0006] Further, for obtaining a good resolution of the iris which only takes up a small surface area of the eye, the images are taken at a relatively short distance (generally on the order of from 10 to 30 cm). This results in a small field depth (distance range between the camera and the eye in which the image is clear). This small field depth added to the fact that the eye is spherical may even generate definition differences between areas of a same eye image.
[0007] A processing previous to the actual iris recognition thus consists of selecting a sufficiently clear image.
[0008] Generally, the shooting device takes a number of images ranging between 5 and 50 and a pre-processing system selects the image to be submitted to the actual recognition algorithm.
[0009] The definition evaluation amounts to assigning, to each image, a score characteristic of its definition. This enables either selecting a sufficiently clear image with respect to a determined threshold, or selecting the clearest image among the images of a set. By convention, the higher the score assigned to an image, the clearer the image.
[0010] Various techniques for evaluating the definition of digital images have already been provided, be it based on a filtering, a wavelet transformation (WO-A-00/36551), or a frequency analysis (WO-A-00/30525).
[0011] All these techniques have the common disadvantage of being slow, especially if they are implemented in miniaturized products where the processing capacity is limited (electronic key, for example). Slow means that they are poorly compatible with a real time processing of images taken at a rate greater than 10 images per second. The need for rapidity is, in on-board applications, linked to the need for identification or authentication rapidity of a user by its iris, where the selection of a clear image thereof is a previous step.
[0012] Another disadvantage is the complexity in terms of size of the program necessary to execute the definition evaluation algorithm.
[0013] Another problem is, to save time and complexity of the method, to limit the area to be examined in definition. In particular, the small field depth associated to the fact that the eye is spherical and that elements such as eyelashes may be included in the image makes this area localization important to evaluate the definition of the iris and not that of other image areas.
[0014] Another problem which is posed for the definition determination of iris images, or more generally of a specific area of an image taken with a small field depth and acquired at small distance, is linked to the presence of areas external to the area to be evaluated (for example, eyelashes), which may be clear while the iris is not. This problem is especially present in operators or algorithms taking into account luminosity gradients, which amounts to taking more account of the contours than of the actual areas. In particular, this is a disadvantage of a conventional operator or algorithm known as an FSWM operator which is besides known as an operator providing acceptable results.
[0015] Another problem which is also posed for the definition evaluation of image areas taken at small distance and with a small field depth is linked to the necessary illumination of the taken subject. For eye image sensors, it generally is a light-emitting diode. This light source creates specular spots which pollute the definition evaluation. In particular, the FSWN operator mentioned hereabove may be deceived by the presence of specular spots which tend to mask luminosity gradients originating from the iris with more significant gradients originating from the spots.
[0016] One embodiment of the present invention provides a digital image processing method and system which overcomes one or several of the disadvantages of known methods.
[0017] More specifically, the embodiment evaluates the definition of an iris of an eye or the like.
[0018] The embodiment also selects, from among a set of eye images or the like, that which is the clearest.
[0019] The embodiment also provides a simplified method of localization of an iris or the like in a digital eye image which is simple and consumes few calculation resources.
[0020] The embodiment enables approximate localization of a pupil or the like in a digital image in a simple, fast fashion, consuming few calculation resources.
[0021] The embodiment determines a score characteristic of the definition of a digital image area comprising specular spots.
[0022] The embodiment also makes a luminosity gradient analysis operator insensitive to the presence of parasitic contours in the area having its definition evaluated.
[0023] One embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining a score characteristic of the definition of a digital image, consisting of cumulating the quadratic norm of horizontal and vertical gradients of luminance values of pixels of the image, the pixels being chosen at least according to a first maximum luminance threshold of other pixels in the concerned direction.
[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, said score is obtained by dividing the running total by the number of cumulated quadratic norms.
[0025] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a current pixel having a vertical or horizontal gradient to be taken into account in the running total is selected only if the luminances of two pixels surrounding the current pixel while being distant therefrom by a predetermined interval in the concerned vertical or horizontal direction are smaller than said first luminance threshold.
[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, said first threshold is chosen according to the expected luminosity of possible specular spots which are desired not to be taken into account.
[0027] According to an embodiment of the present invention, to the interval between the current pixel and each of the pixels surrounding it is chosen according to the expected size of possible specular spots which are desired not to be taken into account.
[0028] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the quadratic norm of a gradient is taken into account in the running total only if its value is smaller than a predetermined gradient threshold.
[0029] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gradient threshold is chosen according to the image contrast.
[0030] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a current pixel is selected to be taken into account in the running total only if its luminance is smaller than a second luminance threshold.
[0031] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the second luminance threshold is chosen to be greater than the expected light intensity of a characteristic element contained in the digital image.
[0032] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the image is an eye image.
[0033] According to an embodiment of the present invention, said element is the iris of the eye.
[0034] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination method is applied to one or several images of a set of digital images representing a same object.
[0035] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination method is only applied to the images in the set which have successfully passed an approximate definition test based on the cumulating of the gradients in a single direction of the light intensities of the image pixels.
[0036] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the score assigned to each image is used to select the clearest image from said set.
[0037] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a system for determining the definition of a digital image.
[0038] The foregoing objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be discussed in detail in the following non-limiting description of specific embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawings.
[0039]FIG. 1 very schematically shows in the form of blocks an example of an iris recognition system to which the present invention applies;
[0040]FIG. 2 illustrates, in the form of blocks, an embodiment of the method for determining the score characteristic of the definition of an iris image according to the present invention;
[0041]FIG. 3 illustrates, in the form of blocks, an embodiment of the iris localization method according to the present invention; and
[0042]FIG. 4 illustrates, in the form of blocks, an embodiment of the method for calculating the score characteristic of the definition by searching weighted gradients according to the present invention.
[0043] For clarity, only those elements and those steps that are necessary to the understanding of the present invention have been shown in the drawings and will be described hereafter. In particular, the structure of an iris recognition system has not been detailed, the present invention being implementable based on a conventional system, provided that said system can be programmed to implement the present invention.
[0044] The present invention will be described hereafter in relation with the selection of the clearest iris image among a set of images. However, the present invention more generally applies to the determination of the definition of digital images or image portions exhibiting the same characteristics as an iris image and, especially, of images in which a first plane, the definition of which is desired to be determined, is at a different distance from a background. Further, although the present invention is described in relation with a complete example of a definition determination method, some phases of this method may be implemented separately and are, alone, characteristic.
[0045]FIG. 1 very schematically shows an example of an iris recognition system that can implement a selection method according to the present invention.
[0046] Such a system is intended to exploit eye images to perform an identification or authentication by iridian recognition. For example, a digital sensor 1 takes a set of images of an eye O of a subject. The number of images taken is generally of at least some ten images to enable performing the identification, after selection of the clearest image, while minimizing the risk of having to ask the subject to submit himself to a new series of shootings. As an alternative, the images to be analyzed originate from a distant source and may be pre-recorded.
[0047] Sensor 1 is connected to a CPU 2 having the function, in particular, of implementing the actual iris recognition (block IR) after having selected (block IS), from among the set of images stored in a memory 3, the clearest image IN to be submitted to the recognition method. The selection method is based on the determination, for each image in the set, of a score characteristic of its definition. This determination is performed by means of the method of which a preferred embodiment will be described in relation with FIG. 2. CPU 2 is also used to control all the system components and, in particular, sensor 1 and memory 3.
[0048]FIG. 2 schematically illustrates in the form of blocks a preferred embodiment of the definition determination method according to the present invention.
[0049] The method of FIG. 2 comprises three separate characteristic steps which will be described successively in relation with the processing of an image of the set to be evaluated, knowing that all images in the set are processed, preferably successively, by this method. The selection of the image to which the highest score has been assigned is performed, for example, by simple comparison of the assigned definition scores, by means of a maximum score search step, conventional per se.
[0050] A first preprocessing phase (block 4, Pre-focus) aims at eliminating very blurred images (more specifically, of assigning a zero definition score) which will obviously be inappropriate for the iris recognition. This phase searches strong luminance gradients in the horizontal direction (arbitrarily corresponding to the general direction of the eyelids). Such gradients are linked to the presence of eyelashes, of abrupt grey level transitions between the pupil and the iris, between the iris and the white of the eye, between the white of the eye and the eyelid corner, etc. The more abrupt transitions there are, the clearer the image will be. Since a rough preprocessing is here to be made, the gradient search is preferably performed on an approximate image, that is, sub-sampled.
[0051]FIG. 3 schematically illustrates in the form of blocks an embodiment of preprocessing phase 4.
[0052] Original image I is first sub-sampled (block 41, Bidir Sampling) in both directions, preferably with a same factor. For example, the sub-sampling ratio is 4 in both directions, which amounts to approximating the image with a factor 16.
[0053] Image SEI resulting from step 41 is then submitted to a filtering (block 42, Horiz Sobel Filtering) in a single direction, preferably horizontal to correspond to the direction of the main image lines. The filtering aims at calculating the horizontal gradient at each pixel, and thus of detecting the vertical contours.
[0054] For example, it may be a unidirectional filtering known as the "Sobel" filtering. Such a filtering operator is described, for example, in work "Analyse d'images: filtrage et segmentation" by J- P. Cocquerez et S. Phillip, published in 1995 by Masson (ISBN 2-225-84923-4).
[0055] The image resulting from the filtering is then submitted to an operator (block 43, AF Compute) for computing the approximate definition score AF. In a simplified manner, this operator only calculates the sum of the intensities of the pixels of the filtered image. The higher the AF score, the clearer the image.
[0056] Score AF calculated by block 4 is compared (block 44, FIG. 2, AF>TH) with a predetermined definition threshold TH. If the obtained score is greater than the threshold, the definition determination process carries on with a second iris centering phase which will be described hereafter in relation with FIG. 4. If not, the image is rejected (block 45, Score=0) because not clear enough.
[0057] Second phase 5 (Pupil Localization) consists of locating the eye pupil in the image to center the pupil (and thus the iris) in an image to be analyzed. This localization pursues several aims. A first aim is to subsequently concentrate the definition evaluation on the significant area. A second aim is to avoid areas of the image with a strong gradient (especially eyelashes), which are not in the same plane as the iris, which if taken into account in the definition evaluation, would corrupt this evaluation.
[0058] Several localization methods may be envisaged. For example, a method based on a Hough transform associated with integral and differential operators, described in article "Person Identification Technique Using Human Iris Recognition" by C. Tisse, L. Martin, L. Torres, and M. Robert, published on Calgary Conference VI'02 in May 2002, provides high performances.
[0059] However, it has a high resource consumption and its execution time is thus not necessarily compatible with a real time processing. Further, for an evaluation of the definition, only an approximate localization is required.
[0060]FIG. 4 schematically illustrates in the form of blocks a preferred embodiment of the pupil localization phase according to the present invention.
[0061] Starting from original image I, lateral strips are first eliminated from this image (block 51, Vertical Cut). This elimination aims at not taking into account, subsequently, the dark edges (delimited by lines T on image 1) of the image on its sides. If the eye is properly centered in the image, these strips result from the eye curvature which causes a lesser lighting of the edges. The size (width) of the eliminated strips depends on the resolution and on the size of the original image. Each strip is, for example, of a width ranging between one twentieth and one fifth of the image width.
[0062] The obtained reduced image RI is then optionally submitted to a sub-sampling (block 52, Bidir Sampling) in both directions. For example, the sub-sampling is performed with the same ratio as for the preprocessing phase described in relation with FIG. 3.
[0063] The average luminance of blocks of the sub-sampled reduced image SERI is then calculated (block 53, Mean Lum Block), the size of a block approximately corresponding to the expected size of the pupil in an evaluated image. This size is perfectly determinable since the processed images are generally taken while respecting a given distance range between the sensor and the eye.
[0064] The computation is performed by displacing a computation window with a pitch smaller than the size of a block. The blocks overlap, the pitch in both directions between two neighboring blocks ranging, preferably, between one tenth and three quarters of the size of a block.
[0065] For example, for images of 644*484 pixels in which the pupils fit within surfaces between approximately 50*50 pixels and approximately 70*70 pixels, the luminance is calculated for blocks of 15*15 pixels (with a sub-sampling factor of 4 in each direction) by scanning the image with a displacement of the calculation window of from 2 to 5 pixels each time. An image LI of luminance values of the different blocks is then obtained.
[0066] In this image, the block having the minimum luminance is searched (block 54, Min Lum Search). This block approximately corresponds to that containing the pupil (or most of the pupil). Indeed, the pupil is the darkest region.
[0067] In the case where the sub-sampling is omitted, the number of blocks of which the average luminance must be calculated is higher. The displacement pitch of the calculation window is however reduced (for example, every 8 to 20 pixels).
[0068] Once the pupil has been approximately localized by its Cartesian coordinates (X, Y) in the image (block 55, FIG. 2), it is returned to the original image I to extract therefrom (block 56, Extract) an elongated image EI having the shape of a horizontal strip centered on the approximate position of the pupil and of a height corresponding to the average expected diameter of a pupil at the scale of the evaluated images. The fact that the entire iris is not reproduced in this image portion is here not disturbing. Indeed, this is not an analysis of the iris for its recognition but only an evaluation of its definition. This definition will be at least approximately the same over the entire pupil periphery and an analysis in a reduced strip containing the iris on either side of the pupil is enough.
[0069] The elongated shape of the selected strip enables taking into account the fact that the eye is often partly closed on a shooting. This then enables minimizing non-relevant contours (eyelashes, eyelids).
[0070] Although an elongated rectangular image forming the definition examination window is the preferred embodiment, it is not excluded to provide an oval, or even square or round examination window. In the case of a square or round examination window, it will then be ascertained to size it to contain, around the pupil, a sufficient iris area for the definition evaluation. This area will however have to be preferentially deprived of contours such as those of eyelids, for example, by making sure that the eye is wide open in the image shooting.
[0071] The assigning of a score characteristic of the definition to the image is then performed in a third phase (block 6, FSWM), based on elongated image EI, resulting from the previous step.
[0072] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an operator of improved FSWM type is implemented to process the images likely to contain specular spots.
[0073] In fact, an FSWM operator calculates, for all the image pixels (here elongated image EI), the sum of the quadratic norm of the horizontal and vertical gradients of luminance value medians. This amounts to applying the following formula:
[0074] where Lum(i,j) represents the light intensity of the pixel of coordinates (i,j) in image EI of size n*m and where Med designates the median function, that is, the result of which corresponds to the median value of the luminances of the pixels in the set where the function is applied.
[0075] An FSWM operator such as described hereabove is discussed, for example, in article "New autofocusing technique using the frequency selective weighted median filter for video cameras" by K. S. Choi, J. S. Lee, and S. J. Ko, published in IEEE Trans. On Consumers Electronics, Vol. 45, No3, August 1999.
[0076] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sum is not calculated over all the image pixels, but is limited to some pixels chosen in the following characteristic manner.
[0077] For the quadratic norm of a gradient of the median of an image pixel to be taken into account in the sum providing the definition score, the respective light intensities of the pixels at a given predetermined distance from the pixel, the gradients of which are calculated, are at least smaller than a first predetermined luminance threshold. This amounts to not taking into account (not accumulating in the summing equation of the FSWM operator) the vertical gradients of the pixels of coordinates (i,j) for which Lum(i,j+k)>SAT1, or Lum(i,j−k)>SAT1, and the horizontal gradients of the pixels for which Lum(i+k,j)>SAT1, or Lum(i−k,j)>SAT1. Number k (for example, between 2 and 10) is selected according to the image resolution to correspond to the average size of the transition between a specular spot and the iris. Threshold SAT1 is chosen to correspond to the level of grey for which the image is considered to be saturated.
[0078] The above condition enables eliminating the pixels belonging to a transition between a possible specular spot present in image EI and the rest of the eye. The pixels bringing non-relevant gradients are thus not taken into account for the determination of the definition score.
[0079] Preferably, an additional condition is that the horizontal or vertical gradients are, in absolute value, smaller than a gradient threshold GTH. In the iris, gradients are relatively small. However, this enables not taking into account gradients especially originating from eyelashes. The determination of threshold GTH depends on the image contrast and is smaller than the average of the expected gradients for eyelashes.
[0080] Preferably, the light intensity of the pixel is smaller than a second predetermined luminance threshold SAT2. Threshold SAT2 is chosen to be greater than the light intensity expected for the iris, which is generally relatively dark (especially as compared to the white of the eye).
[0081] As an alternative, the quadratic norm of the gradients is directly compared with threshold GTH (then chosen accordingly). Performing the test on the gradient before squaring it up however enables saving calculation time for all the eliminated gradients.
[0082] The compliance with all the above conditions corresponds to a preferred embodiment which can be expressed as follows in an algorithmic description.
[0083] Sc=0, NbPix=0
[0084] For all the pixels of recentered elongated image EI scanned, for example, in a line scanning (j from 1 to m, for each i from 1 to n):
If[Lum(i,j+k)<SAT 1 AND Lum(i,j−k)<SAT 1 AND Lum(i,j)<SAT 2 AND |GradV(i,j)|<GTH], then Sc=Sc+(GradV(i,j))2 and NbPix=NbPix+1;
If[Lum(i+k,j)<SAT 1 AND Lum(i−k,j)<SAT 1 AND Lum(i,j)<SAT 2 AND |GradH(i,j)|<GTH], then Sc=Sc+(GradH(i,j))2 and NbPix=NbPix+1;
[0085] next j;
[0086] next i.
[0087] Once all pixels have been processed, the definition score assigned to the image is computed as being:
[0088] Score=Sc/NbPix.
[0089] This weighting enables making the indexes of the different images subsequently comparable to one another.
[0090] Preferably, in the application of the above operator, the vertical and horizontal gradients are, even for conditional tests with respect to threshold GTH, only preferentially calculated if the first three conditions (Lum(i+k,j)<SAT1 AND Lum(i−k,j)<SAT1 AND Lum(i,j)<SAT2) relative to light intensities are verified.
[0091] It can thus be seen that many gradients are not taken into account in the sum providing the score, and are not even calculated. An advantage then is a considerable time gain for the determination of the image definition score.
[0092] Another advantage is that possible specular spots no longer pollute the image definition evaluation.
[0093] More generally, the method minimizes the number of computations to be performed on the pixels of an image, the definition of which is desired to be determined.
[0094] Another advantage is that, as compared to an equivalent tool implementing conventional definition calculation methods, the method is faster to determine the scores characteristic of the definition of an image set.
[0095] Another advantage is that, while simplifying and making digital processings applied to the images faster, it is more reliable than known methods as concerns the definition evaluation.
[0096] It should be reminded that although the present invention has been described in relation with the selection of an image in which the iris is the clearest among a set of digital images of an eye, it more generally applies to images analogous in form and/or in characteristics. Further, some phases characteristic of the discussed method may find applications without being included in the general process and solve specific problems, likely to arise in other processes.
[0097] In particular, the pupil localization in an eye image has specific advantages and enables, alone, solving problems and disadvantages of other localization processes used in other methods and especially in actual identification and authentication methods. Another example of application relates to the detection of eye movements of a person in animated images (gaze tracking). Here again, the rapidity with which the method enables approximate localization is compatible with the real time processing of animated images.
[0098] Further, the phase of determination of the actual definition score, in that it simplifies a known FSWM operator, may find other applications in methods of analysis of various textures for which similar problems are posed and especially, when very bright reflections are desired not to be taken into account. In such applications, a method for determining the score characteristic of the definition of an image exhibits characteristics independent from the other phases described, as an example of application, in the present description.
[0099] Of course, the present invention is likely to have various alterations, modifications, and improvements which will readily occur to those skilled in the art. In particular, its implementation in software fashion by using known tools is within the abilities of those skilled in the art based on the functional indications given hereabove. Further, the thresholds, block sizes, reduction or sub-sampling factors, etc. will be chosen according to the application and to the type of images of which the definition is desired to be determined, and their determination is within the abilities of those skilled in the art.
[0100] Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part of this disclosure, and are intended to be within the spirit and the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description is by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting. The present invention is limited only as defined in the following claims and the equivalents thereto.
[0101] All of the above U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application Data Sheetare incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety.
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|Methods for measuring iris color over time
|Mar 14, 2003
|Sep 16, 2004
|Cheng Christopher J.
|System and method for interpolating a color image
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 11, 2005
|Mar 9, 2010
|Denso Corporation
|Road surface reflection detecting apparatus
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|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 20, 2003
Owner name: STMICROELECTRONICS S.A., FRANCE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TISSE, CHRISTEL-LOIC;PLAZA, LAURENT;PETITJEAN, GUILLAUME;REEL/FRAME:014728/0658
Effective date: 20031015


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, Volume 48, Issue 1, pp 113-122
First online:
Factors shaping European rabbit abundance
- Emilio VirgósAffiliated withInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n
- , Sara Cabezas-DíazAffiliated withInstituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n
- , Aurelio MaloAffiliated withDpartamento Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC)
- , Jorge LozanoAffiliated withGrupo de Ecología Aplicada
- , Daniel López-HuertasAffiliated with
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This study analyses differences in European rabbitOryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758) abundance between fragmented and continuous populations and the relative importance of habitat structure (micro- and macrohabitat) and isolation in determining the abundance pattern in fragmented and continuous areas of central Spain. The species was mainly restricted to mediterranean vegetation habitat. In fragmented areas, rabbit abundance was linked to scrubland cover but was not correlated to pasture/cropland cover. The model explained very little of the observed variance. Distance to continuous populations did not improve the model. Stochastic phenomena or unmeasured factors (predation level, soil type) could be acting in this context. Rabbits were more abundant in continuous areas than in fragmented ones. In continuous areas, rabbit abundance was associated with mosaics of pastures, scrublands, and croplands. These habitat features are linked to shelter and feeding requirements of rabbits. The model explained an important part of the observed variance. This supports that management and conservation strategies should be based on the landscape pattern in each situation.
Key words:Oryctolagus cuniculus fragmentation habitat models mosaic habitats spatial scale
- Title
- Factors shaping European rabbit abundance
- Journal
Acta Theriologica
Volume 48, Issue 1 , pp 113-122
- Cover Date
- 2003-03
- Print ISSN
- 0001-7051
- Online ISSN
- 2190-3743
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Oryctolagus cuniculus
- fragmentation
- habitat models
- mosaic habitats
- spatial scale
- Authors
- Emilio Virgós (1)
- Sara Cabezas-Díaz (1)
- Aurelio Malo (2)
- Jorge Lozano (3)
- Daniel López-Huertas (4)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
- 2. Dpartamento Ecología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
- 3. Grupo de Ecología Aplicada, C/ Luis Mitjans, 44, 11 I, E- 28007, Madrid, Spain
- 4. C/ Doce de Octubre 25, 31 C, E- 28009, Madrid, Spain


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Becoming parents wasn't as easy as Hugh Jackman and Deborra-Lee Furness had envisioned.
Appearing on ABC's "Katie" on Dec. 18, "Les Miserables" actor Jackman opened up about how their two children, son Oscar, 12, and daughter Ava, 7, changed their lives immeasurably.
"To be clear, Deb and I always wanted to adopt. So that was always in our plan," the 44-year-old Aussie explained. "We didn't know where in the process that would happen, but biologically, obviously, we tried and it was not happening for us, and it is a difficult time. We did IVF, and Deb had a couple of miscarriages. I'll never forget it, the miscarriage thing -- it happens to one in three pregnancies, but it's very, very rarely talked about."
PHOTOS: Hugh Jackman's hunky beach body
"It's almost secretive, so I hope Deb doesn't mind me bringing it up now," he continued. "It's a good thing to talk about it. It's more common, and it is tough. There's a grieving that you have to go through."
From the moment their son was born, Jackman said, "all the heartache just melted away." (The couple wed in 1996; Oscar was born four years later.)
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"Many of you are parents; you guys know you can't prepare for that moment. Nothing can prepare you," the People's Choice Award nominee added. "You can't even explain how incredible it is, and that avalanche of emotion that comes and how it opens up your heart, how it frustrates you, how it angers you, how everything is just all the sudden, how alive you are as a parent."
This article originally appeared on Usmagazine.com: Hugh Jackman Opens Up About Wife Deborra-Lee Furness' "Difficult" Miscarriages
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German Manufacturing Orders Unexpectedly Declined in March
Factory orders in Germany, Europe's largest economy, unexpectedly dropped in March, led by a slump in demand for investment goods at home and abroad.
Orders, adjusted for seasonal swings and inflation, slipped 4 percent from February, when they rose a revised 1.9 percent, the Economy Ministry in Berlin said in a statement today. Economists had forecast a gain of 0.4 percent, according to the median of 22 estimates in a Bloomberg News survey. In the year, orders rose 9.7 percent, when adjusted for work days.
Surging energy prices have clouded the economic outlook by sapping purchasing power of households and companies, while countries from Ireland to Spain toughen austerity measures. In Germany, companies have relied on faster-growing markets to bolster orders. Siemens AG, Europe's largest engineering company, yesterday raised its full-year earnings forecast.
"Although the series is notoriously volatile the fall in orders clearly signals that Germany's industrial sector lost some strength moving into the second quarter," said Aline Schuiling, senior economist at ABN Amro Bank NV in Amsterdam. ''Fiscal policy tightening in the euro zone probably kicks in and world trade becomes less vigorous."
The euro extended its decline after the report and traded at $1.4831 at 12:17 p.m. in Frankfurt.
'Favorable' Outlook
The ministry had previously reported an order increase of 2.4 percent for February. It said today that the outlook remains ''favorable'' and that the share of big-ticket items was ''strongly below average.''
The Bundesbank forecast German economic growth will weaken to 2.5 percent this year from last year's record 3.6 percent expansion. The Frankfurt-based central bank said on April 18 the country's ''positive economic fundamental trend should continue'' in the current quarter.
Foreign factory orders dropped 4.3 percent from February, when they increased 1.8 percent, today's report showed. Domestic orders slipped 3.5 percent. Orders for investment goods dropped 7.2 percent from the previous month, when they rose 3.6 percent. Orders for consumer goods fell 0.6 percent in the month, while those for intermediate goods rose 0.3 percent.
Continental AG, Europe's second-largest auto-parts maker, today reported its highest profit in more than three years. The Hanover, Germany-based company had a ''good start to the year," Chief Executive Officer Elmar Degenhart said.
Broadening Recovery
The German economy's recovery is broadening as companies add workers and raise wages, encouraging consumer demand. Unemployment fell below 3 million for the first time in almost 19 years in April, keeping the jobless rate at 7.1 percent.
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, the world's largest maker of luxury vehicles, on May 4 reported record first-quarter profit per car on surging demand for the revamped 5-Series sedan and overhauled X3 sport-utility vehicle. Siemens said the same day that profit will rise at least 75 percent this year.
The global economy is in "good shape," Siemens CEO Peter Loescher said yesterday. "We've achieved outstanding, broad-based orders growth."
The recovery is showing some signs of slowdown. German business confidence fell for a second month in April and inflation accelerated to 2.6 percent, the fastest in 2 1/2 years. In the 17-member euro region, economic confidence also weakened last month and industrial orders rose less than economists forecast in February.
While the European Central Bank last month raised its benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points to 1.25 percent, some policy makers have signaled a need for further monetary tightening. Investor expectations for two more quarter-point increases in the main lending rate this year are "well founded," ECB council member Ewald Nowotny said on April 16.
The Frankfurt-based central bank will release its rate decision at 1:45 p.m. Frankfurt time, followed by a press conference 45 minutes afterwards.
"The economic upswing in Germany remains on track," said Joerg Lueschow, chief economist at WestLB AG in Dusseldorf. "While the peak in growth lies behind us, there's no reason to fear a downturn this year."


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Analysis - Diageo could make 'quantum leap' for Moet Hennessy
By James Wilmore | 21 May 2013
Moet Hennessy is the wine and spirits unit of luxury goods group LVMH
Diageo could look to make a "quantum leap" by buying out LVMH's majority stake in Moet Hennessy under Ivan Menezes' leadership, according to an analyst.
In a note today (21 May), Nomura's Ian Shackleton said that the UK firm's "strong" balance sheet means it "has firepower to do more deals". Talk of Diageo looking to buy Moet Hennessy outright surfaced in 2009, but LVMH ruled out the sale.
However, Shackleton said Diageo, which has a 34% stake in Moet Hennessy, would still be keen to acquire LVMH's 66% stake as the unit's Cognac business would boost its premiumisation "index" and increase its exposure to Asia.
Diageo and Moet Hennessy already have joint distribution arrangements in place in "most" Asian markets and France, Nomura noted.
Based on Moet Hennessy's 2013 full-year EBITDA, Nomura values the overall business at around EUR29bn (GBP24bn). Therefore, Diageo would have to pay around EUR19bn for LVMH's 66% stake.
Meanwhile, the appointment of Menezes, confirmed as Paul Walsh's replacement earlier this month, is likely to be an "evolutionary, rather than revolutionary" process, Shackleton suggested.
The company is also expected to up its focus on emerging markets by acquiring more local spirits brands, he added.
However, Shackleton said Menezes' appointment had come "sooner than expected", with the anticipation previously that Walsh would remain until the company reported its full-year numbers at the end of July.
Sectors: Mergers & acquisitions, Spirits
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The prevalence of heroin use has been rising steadily in the U.S in recent years. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the number of individuals reporting past year heroin use almost doubled between 2007 (373,000) and 2012 (669,000). Emerging evidence suggests the increase may be linked to prescription opioid (PO) users who transition from oral and/or intranasal PO use to heroin use, with POs providing the entryway to regular opioid use, and ultimately, heroin injection. This drug-use trajectory appears to have become increasingly common over the past ten years; in one study, 77.4% of participants in a 2008-2010 cohort reported using POs nonmedically prior to initiating heroin use, as compared to 66.8% in the 2002-2004 cohort.
"Despite indications that young PO misusers are at high risk of acquiring HIV and/or HCV through injection and sexual risk behaviors associated with drug use, little research has explored the social pathways by which PO misuse may lead to a heightened risk of infection," said Pedro Mateu-Gelabert, PhD, principal investigator with New York University's Center for Drug Use and HIV Research (CDUHR) and affiliated with the NYC-based National Development Research Institutes (NDRI).
The study, "Injection and Sexual HIV/HCV Risk Behaviors Associated with Nonmedical Use of Prescription Opioids Among Young Adults in New York City, published in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment (JSAT) explores within a social context the drug-use and sexual experiences of young adult (ages 18-32) nonmedical PO users as they relate to risk for HIV and HCV transmission.
"Young adults who use POs non-medically have many characteristics that differentiate them from other groups of drug users (more likely to be young, white and middle class)" notes Dr. Mateu-Gelabert. "Disease prevention efforts on the local and national levels have been slow to target this group, thus they comprise a population that is c
|Contact: christopher james
New York University


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Extremely Satisfied!
By Cass
from Plymouth Meeting, PA
About Me Comfort-Oriented, Practical
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Comments about DaKine Factor Backpack:
I use this for school.. it has plenty of space for all my notebooks and my laptop or tablet, and probably a couple textbooks. I got this backpack specifically because it wasn't too big since I only really use digital books. Plenty of space in a few small pockets for odds and ends, like pens and pencils and other random things. Mesh pockets on the outside are great for water bottles or thermoses.
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
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Review: Apple MacBook introduces exciting design, features
Apple has a history of deciding what features we need, and more important, what features we don't need in our computers and mobile devices.
Apple has a history of deciding what features we need, and more important, what features we don't need in our computers and mobile devices.
From the moment I took it out of the box, Apple's new MacBook looked and felt like an iPad.
The MacBook Air was revolutionary when Apple started selling it in 2008. Though still thin and light, the Air now feels like a cheap cousin next to more powerful MacBook Pro laptops and Windows laptops known as ultrabooks.
Electric car maker Tesla Motors has hired Apple Inc.'s chief Mac engineer to lead new vehicle development.
I'm a big fan of Apple's MacBook Air computer. Revamped by Apple last year, the notebook is a thin, ultralight, speedy computer. Instead of a high-powered processor, a traditional hard drive and a DVD slot, the gadget uses ...
Earlier this summer, Apple eliminated its entry-level plastic-clad MacBook to make the just-updated MacBook Air line, once a pricey niche laptop, its mainstream computer.
Apple on Wednesday unleashed its new Lion operating system, running it on updated, more powerful versions of its MacBook Air ultra-thin laptop.
When the MacBook Air first launched almost three years ago, it was very expensive and not all that powerful. Things have changed.
I didn't dwell a lot on the MacBook Air when Apple first unveiled it in January 2008. Its thin profile and light weight were definitely impressive. But with an $1,800 price tag for the base model, slow processors, only an ...
(AP) -- The first MacBook Air laptop hit the catwalk in 2008 as an elegant but somewhat impractical statement about how far Apple would go to make the thinnest laptop ever. It wasn't very powerful, had a short battery life ...


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Before uncovering your backyard pool, consider this: Drowning is the second-leading cause of unintentional injury-related death for kids 14 and younger. An unsupervised child can slip into a pool without a sound or a splash, and in less than two minutes underwater, he can lose consciousness.
Alarms can alert parents to emergencies before it's too late. In fact, some states even have legislation requiring them. (Learn more about pool safety legislation.) The Good Housekeeping Research Institute tested seven pool alarms (they tell you when the water is disturbed) and six gate alarms (installed on a barrier around your pool, they sound when the gate is opened).
"We recommend using both pool and gate alarms. The more layers of protection, the better," says Todd Kent, GHRI's senior test engineer. "Effective alarms are not lifesaving devices, but they can alert parents to an accident, giving them time to act."
In addition to the pool and gate alarms, GHRI tested a personal immersion detector (i.e., wristband alarm). Here's how all the alarms fared.
Pool Alarms — Passed
MG International Sensor Espio ($699)
Comments: The Espio offers a swim mode — it automatically rearms when water has calmed after a swim. It is the only subsurface alarm for which the body sits inside the pool. And if the pool is currently being constructed, the metal support plate can actually be installed underneath the coping. Another nice feature: The alarm has magnetic controls, requiring a supplied magnetic key to enter swim mode. This design makes it more difficult for kids to bypass the system. The product also offers a remote control to enter swim mode or deactivate the alarm. The remote has a range of only around 10 feet (a safety feature that requires you to check the pool before silencing an alarm). Make sure you store the remote out of your child's reach.
RJE Technologies AquaGuard ($495)
Comments: Like the MGI alarms, the Aquaguard offers a swim mode that detects when the water has calmed after a swim, automatically rearming the system. To enter swim mode, however, a pass code is required instead of a magnetic key. During an alarm, the device can be silenced inside the home, which might deter you from checking the pool during an alarm situation.
MG International Swim Alert ($299)
The Swim Alert sounded on each mannequin drop test with the fastest average response time of 8.76 seconds, and did not alarm during the wind test. It tied with the Espio for the loudest alarm. This subsurface device meets all of GHRI's safety requirements.
Comments: This product was very similar to the Espio in operation, requiring magnetic keys and offering a swim mode. However, it's different in that its body is installed on the deck surface, and it does not come with a remote. You have to go to the in-pool alarm to deactivate it every time it senses a disturbance.
Poolguard PGRM-2 ($260)
The PGRM-2 sounded on each mannequin drop with an average response time of 9.45 seconds, and did not alarm during the wind test. This subsurface device meets all of GHRI's safety requirements.
Comments: This product has the lowest price of the pool alarms that passed our test. The PGRM-2 does not offer a swim mode, so it must be removed from the pool to go swimming. If it's not replaced in the pool after a swim, the pool will go unmonitored. For safety purposes, the PGRM-2 is always on when placed in the pool, which is your visual indicator that the product is monitoring the pool. Any time the device hasn't been used for an extended period of time, it's very important to check the battery. Of the products that passed our safety criteria, this is the easiest for a child to bypass, in our opinion. She can simply hold down the button on the back, and then remove it from the pool.
Safety Turtle Wireless Wristband Alarm ($267 for one wristband and one base station; $85 for additional wristbands, $420 package with one wristband and two base stations)
The Safety Turtle is the only personal immersion detector we evaluated — your kid wears a band that sounds an alarm at a separate base station if it comes in contact with the water (e.g., your kid falls in the pool). This product alarmed immediately when introduced to the water.
Comments: Your child has to wear the wristband in order for the alarm to work, and it has to be removed before he swims. The alarm will only sound for a kid wearing a wristband, offering no protection to a child without a band who could wander into the pool area. For the best protection, having an alarm at the pool and in the home, you need to buy two base stations. This product is most suitable as a supplement for pool alarms. It is a good alarm choice for pets and young swimmers around spas or pools with water features. It can be used where the other alarms can't be installed (e.g., ponds, lakes).
Pool Alarms — Failed
SmartPool PE22 ($180-$200)
Comments: This device has a sensitivity adjustment. The alarm did not sound in two of the four mannequin drop tests, and it gave a false alarm during the wind test in less than three minutes. The PE-22 could be very easy for a child to bypass — he simply has to press two buttons (that are very accessible) for three seconds. To use the pool, you must turn off the entire system, and if the alarm is not turned on after a swim, the pool will go unmonitored. It also offers no at-pool light or other visual indicator of whether the alarm is on.
Driven Designs Pool Patrol PA-30 ($200)
The Pool Patrol PA-30 failed our safety tests and is not recommended.
Comments: The product has a sensitivity adjustment. At the least sensitive setting, it didn't alarm for any of the four mannequin drops. As a follow-up, the product was adjusted to the sensitivity recommended in the manual, and it still failed to detect half of the repeated drops. Also, when set to the most sensitive setting, the product alarmed on the wind test. To bypass the alarm, you simply have to take it out of the pool, making it very easy for your child to bypass and leading to the possibility of the device being left out of the pool after a swim.
Allweather Pool S.O.S. ($58)
The Pool S.O.S. failed our safety tests and is not recommended. The product does not offer an in-home alarm.
Comments: The product has a sensitivity adjustment. The product can be made so sensitive that it alarms as soon as it's placed in the pool. For the drop tests, the alarm was placed in the least sensitive setting, never alarming when the mannequin entered the water. For the wind test, the sensitivity was set so the alarm could be placed in the water without alarming. Subsequently, it didn't give a false alarm in the wind test. To bypass the alarm, you can simply remove it from the pool, making it very easy for a child to bypass and leading to the possibility of the device being left out of the pool after a swim.
Pool alarm testing was conducted at Olympic Pools in Flanders, NJ
Next page: See the pool gate test results
Gate Alarms — Passed
SmartPool YardGuard YG18 ($50)
Pool Patrol GA-30 ($100)
The GA-30 had the lowest sound level of all the alarms, and had a 6-second delay. We still recommend this product because it is the only gate alarm we tested that offers an in-home siren, in addition to a siren at the gate. Even with a lower sound level, it is most likely to be heard. The Pool Patrol also offers a 15-minute time delay for instances when you need to keep the gate open for longer periods of time (e.g., moving lawn furniture into the backyard).
Poolguard Door Alarm (DAPT) and Gate Alarm (GAPT) ($60-$75)
Poolguard offers an indoor door alarm, DAPT, and an outdoor gate alarm, GAPT. The GAPT and DAPT have 7-second delays to help prevent accidental alarms. The alarms performed well, with the loudest alarm of all the products tested.
Safety Turtle GA-101 ($267)
Techko S087 ($30)


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Hotel Maxim, Florence
- Free continental breakfast and WiFi
Main amenities
- 26 guestrooms
- Bar/lounge
- Valet parking
- Library
- Front desk safe
- Multilingual staff
- Concierge services
- Luggage storage
- Tour/ticket assistance
What's around
- In Duomo
- Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (0.2 mi / 0.3 km)
- Ponte Vecchio (0.3 mi / 0.5 km)
- Battistero di San Giovanni (0.1 mi / 0.2 km)
- Bargello Museum (0.2 mi / 0.3 km)
Maxim is in an excellent location - seconds from the Duomo. The hotel itself needs some…
This hotel really is in the middle of everything. A short 10 min walk or less to all…
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Hotel Info: 0800-886-061 (New Zealand Toll Free)from NZ$148
- Double Room
- Single Room
- Superior Double Room
- Quadruple Room
- Triple Room
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At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 26 rooms
- Check-in time starts at 1 PM
- Check-out time is 10 AM
- Express check-in
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed
Extra people
- Rollaway beds available, charges may apply*
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- No parking
- Valet parking *
Nearby Three Star Florence hotels
In the hotel
- Free continental breakfast daily
- Bar/lounge
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Luggage storage
- Elevator/lift
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Library
In the room
- Climate control
- Iron/ironing board (on request)
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer (on request)
- Satellite TV channels
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- In-room safe
Top Florence hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Florence
- C-Hotels ClubFrom
"Good location, close to bus and railway station. Easy to find and plenty of restaurants close by. Breakfast was good with plenty of variety. Would stay here again."Aug 26, 2015
- Hilton Florence Metropole HotelFrom
"Very good hotel. Good staff. Breakfast excellent. Bus shuttle a big bonus"Aug 7, 2015
- Hotel San GiovanniFrom
"We were offered two rooms when we arrived and chose the corner room that had two windows opening out onto the Duomo! The room was spacious, the bed was great, a part of an ancient…"Aug 5, 2015
- Delle CamelieFrom
"Had a few days to fill in Florence. Ended up staying here as it's near to the train station. Hotel is in a quiet part of town and the staff are really friendly which made for an…"Aug 5, 2015
Hotel Maxim, Florence's small print
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 3.50 per person, per night, up to 7 nights. This tax does not apply to children under 12 years of age.
Optional extras
Valet parking is available for an extra charge
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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Thomas Suozzi through the years
Thomas Suozzi's political and personal life in photos.
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High school homecomings on Long Island Farmingdale High School Homecoming Long Island and New York City's top photos Meet Long Island's high school mascots Meet LI's homecoming kings and queens LI high school homecomings: Then and now LI notable deaths Mr. and Miss West Islip contest Throwback LI homecoming king/queen photos 18 things only Long Islanders would understand Promotions, new hires and jobs on Long Island Northport vs. Eastport-South Manor


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344 Views 1 Reply Latest reply: Jan 23, 2013 6:12 PM by Courcoul
Courcoul Jan 23, 2013 6:12 PM
Re: I want to have my macbook Pro desktop on my monitor, like clamshell mode, but is clamshell the only way? in response to Fancypan75
Clamshell without the clamshell? Kinda oximoronic, dont'cha think?
Given that you want the primary window to be the external monitor, "bless" it by opening System Preferences / Displays, arranging the layout of both displays as desired (yeah, both WILL have to be on) then click and drag the mini-menubar on the square representing the internal display onto the other one.


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Ars: "In 2034, the difference between current and last-generation filesystems will be at least as obvious in retrospect as the difference between Polaroids and real film is now."
- John Ross Collegepresent
Fallout Shelter - Android Apps on Google Play
BUILD THE PERFECT VAULT Create a brighter future…underground! Select from a variety of modern-day rooms to turn an excavation beneath 2,00
The credit card of the future
No longer do you need to carry multiple credit and debit cards in your wallet
Sanral ordered to pull misleading ads
The ASA has ruled against Sanral on three complaints brought forward about e-toll advertisements due to a lack of evidence to support the ro
Unplugging policies tackle worker burnout
As smartphones and portable devices increasingly dominate our working lives, moves are afoot in France and Germany to prevent the little ele
Meridian Magazine - Where Does the Church Stand on Those Tough Creation ...
How old is the earth? Was there death before the fall? Is there any truth to organic evolution?
Dear Mr. President – please check these facts
The presidency and the Department of Communications made some questionable telecoms claims in The Presidency's recently released Twenty Year
It wasn't apartheid which hurt SA's Internet, it was the ANC government
President Jacob Zuma says that you should thank government for your Internet and cellphone, but here are some facts which will make you thin
Gospel Library
Gospel Library is the gospel study app of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The library includes the scriptures, general conf
The Front Page of the New York Times Had an Error on It for Over a Century
The newspaper discovered it in 1999.
Website security flaws in SA – shooting the messenger
The City of Joburg and Sanral have angered tech-savvy consumers with the way they handled exposure of their website security flaws
Novell Filr
Novell Filr is a file access and sharing solution for the enterprise. With Filr, you have access to all your files in one convenient locatio
Defending the Faith: Sociologist explains how religion benefits even ath...
A prominent sociologist argues that the social impact of religious faith in the United States is not only positive, but dramatically so.
Scientists getting closer to building Star Wars-like lightsabers
A group of MIT and Harvard scientists took a big step toward being able to build a real-life lightsaber.
Charge your cellphone in 30 seconds
High-school student's super-capacitor invention could charge your phone in just 30 seconds
openSUSE. openSUSE is a free and Linux-based operating system for your PC, Laptop or Server. You can surf the web, manage your e-mails and p
EA voted "Worst Company in America", again
EA successfully defends its title of Worst Company in America
Xmarks Bookmark Sync - Chrome Web Store
Backup and sync your bookmarks, passwords and open tabs across computers and browsers. Xmarks is also available for Firefox, Safari and IE.
Meridian Magazine - The Inequalities of "Equal" Marriage
The oft-repeated and oft-unanswered question "How does gay marriage affect you personally?" seems to be a rhetorical trump card. Genderless
Introducing Gmail Tap
Tap into the future of productivity with Gmail Tap for Android and iOS. Double your typing speed with this revolutionary new keyboard. http:
Steam for Linux released
Free to play Team Fortress 2 now available to Linux gamers and it's available through the Ubuntu Software Centre


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Ramada Limited Mount Sterling, Mount Sterling
- Dining venue
- Lobby
- One of the dining venues
Renovation work will only be conducted during business hours. Every effort will be made to minimize noise and disturbance.
- Free continental breakfast, free WiFi, and free parking
Main amenities
- 69 guestrooms
- Indoor pool
- 24-hour fitness center
- Business center
- 24-hour front desk
- Air conditioning
- Self-serve laundry
- Conference space
- Tour/ticket assistance
What's around
- Lykins Park (13.2 mi / 21.2 km)
Wonderful. Very nice. Very convenient with nearby restaurants.
The comforter had cigarette burns in it, even though it was a non-smoking room. The…
Enter dates to check prices
Hotel Info: 1800-687-236 (Australia Toll Free)from A$147
- Comfort Double Room, 2 Double Beds
- Double Room, 2 Double Beds
- Double Room, 2 Double Beds, Smoking
- Comfort Room, 1 King Bed, Smoking
- Efficiency, Standard Room, 1 King Bed
- Double Room, 2 Double Beds, Smoking (Convenient)
- Comfort Room, 1 King Bed
- Suite, 1 King Bed, Smoking, Jetted Tub
- Double Room, 2 Double Beds, Accessible
- Efficiency, Room, 1 King Bed, Smoking
- Comfort Room, 1 King Bed
Recommended hotels
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 69 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 3 floors
- Check-in time 3 PM-midnight
- Check-out time is 11 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed *
- Specific rooms only *
- 2 per room (up to 55 lb)
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Free self parking
In the hotel
- Free continental breakfast daily
- Indoor pool
- 24-hour fitness facilities
- Spa tub
- Business center
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
- Conference space
- Conference space size (feet) - 5000
- Conference space size (meters) - 450
- 24-hour front desk
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Laundry facilities
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
In the room
- Air conditioning
- Coffee/tea maker
- Iron/ironing board
- Hair dryer
- Premium TV channels
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Top Mount Sterling hotels
Nearby hotels
Ramada Limited Mount Sterling, Mount Sterling's small print
Also known as
- Ramada Limited Hotel Mount Sterling
- Ramada Limited Mount Sterling
- Ramada Limited Mt. Sterling Hotel Mount Sterling
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation.
Optional extras
Rollaway beds are available for USD 15.00 per day
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of USD 15 per pet, per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.


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Sure looks like it! ..
Oh hell nah ..
Got dayum .. cold blooded!
Today I confirmed that is indeed AOL Fanhouse national columnist David Whitley's real Twitter account.
This week I've been told by multiple sources at AOL that all Fanhouse contributors are forbidden from mentioning Mariotti in print. While not exactly a startling revelation, Whitley was apparently a little slow on the uptake.


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For The First time on DVD
When three down-on-their-luck losers, Claire (Liza Minnelli), Kibby (Gene Hackman) and Walker (Burt Reynolds), come together in a Mexican border town to start a booze-running operation during the prohibition, egos, enemies and envy collide. But through some mysterious alchemy and a couple of gunfights, the three become immensely successful bootleggers and, even more surprising to them, a fully functioning menage a trois.
A throwback to the great screwball comedies of the 1930s, Lucky Lady was written by Willard Huyck & Gloria Katz (American Graffiti) and directed by the great Stanley Donen (Singin In The Rain).
Product Details
Would you like to update product info or give feedback on images?
Good laughs and typical roles for Hackman, Reynolds, etc. A bit cheesy at times.Published 2 months ago by William
Comedy and romance while having fun smuggling liquor into southern California when alcohol was prohibited in the US.Published 5 months ago by Eric
Great print of an "old" movie, a realy "corny" spoof of the 1920's. Long before computer enhancements, "behind the scenes" shows what the film crews had to... Read morePublished 9 months ago by Nancy Granieri
A funny movie from a long time ago, but still is as funny as it was then. Liza still has one of the funniest lines I've heard in a movie.Published 11 months ago by Willliam
I remember when I first saw this on a VHS my grandfather had used to record it off the TV. Me and my brother were bored and had been looking for something entertaining to watch. Read morePublished 12 months ago by Flame Wolf
|From this Discussion
|is it going to be released in britain
|Be the first to reply


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The NBA takes its first major step to level the playing field for the postseason after the Board of Governors voted unanimously to change two key criteria Tuesday in New York.
TORONTO -- Paul Pierce isn't the only one with gumption.
In case you haven't heard, the NBA playoffs are starting Saturday. In two months we'll know who will be crowned NBA champion. Why wait.
My does time fly. The NBA regular season is coming to an end.


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Talents View in Talent Calculator
- Desperate Prayer
- Body and Soul
- Mindbender
- Dominate Mind
- Power Infusion
- Cascade
- 100
Desperate Prayer
2 min cooldown Instant
Heals the caster for 34,808.
Body and Soul
Your Power Word: Shield and Leap of Faith also increase your target's movement speed by 60% for 4 sec.
40 yd range
1 min cooldown Instant
Creates a Mindbender to attack the target. Caster receives 0.75% mana when the Mindbender attacks. Lasts 20 sec.
Replaces Shadowfiend.
Replaces Shadowfiend.
Dominate Mind
30 yd range 0.5% of base mana
1.8 sec cast
Controls a mind up to level 103 for 30 sec. Does not work versus Mechanical beings. This spell shares diminishing returns with other incapacitating effects.
Power Infusion
2 min cooldown Instant
Infuses the Priest with power for 20 sec, increasing haste by 25% and reducing the mana cost of all spells by 20%.
40 yd range 2.4% of base mana
25 sec cooldown 1.5 sec cast
Launch a Holy bolt that grows in power with distance, healing an ally for up to 1,488, and then bouncing to additional allies 4 times. Each time it bounces, it splits into 2 bolts.
Major Glyphs
Glyph of Penance
DisciplinePassiveIncreases the mana cost of Penance by 20% but allows Penance to be cast while moving.
Glyph of Holy Fire
Discipline, HolyPassiveIncreases the range of your Holy Fire, Smite, and Power Word: Solace spells by 10 yards.
Glyph of Smite
Discipline, HolyPassiveYour Smite spell inflicts an additional 20% damage against targets afflicted by Holy Fire, but that additional damage does not get transferred by Atonement.
Minor Glyphs
Glyph of Borrowed Time
DisciplinePassiveYour Borrowed Time is now displayed visually.
Glyph of ConfessionPassiveTeaches you the ability Confession.
Compels a friendly target to confess a secret.
Glyph of Holy ResurrectionPassiveYour resurrection target appears bathed in holy light for the duration of the Resurrection cast.
- Angelic Bulwark
- Body and Soul
- Surge of Darkness
- Void Tendrils
- Twist of Fate
- Cascade
- 100
Angelic Bulwark
When an attack brings you below 30% health, you gain an absorption shield equal to 15% of your maximum health for 20 sec. Cannot occur more than once every 90 sec.
Body and Soul
Your Power Word: Shield and Leap of Faith also increase your target's movement speed by 60% for 4 sec.
Surge of Darkness
Your Vampiric Touch and Devouring Plague damage has a 12% chance to cause your next Mind Spike not to consume your damage over time effects, be instant, and deal 50% additional damage. Can accumulate up to 3 charges.
Void Tendrils
1% of base mana
30 sec cooldown Instant
Summons shadowy tendrils, rooting up to 5 enemy targets within 8 yards for 20 sec or until the tendril is killed.
Twist of Fate
After healing a target below 35% health, you deal 15% increased damage and healing for 10 sec.
40 yd range 0.75% of base mana
25 sec cooldown Instant
Launch a Shadowy bolt that grows in power with distance, damaging an enemy for up to 6,325, and then bouncing to additional enemies 4 times. Each time it bounces, it splits into 2 bolts.
Major Glyphs
Glyph of Mass DispelPassiveCauses your Mass Dispel to be potent enough to remove Magic effects that are normally undispellable.
Glyph of Mind Flay
ShadowPassiveYour Mind Flay spell no longer slows your victim's movement speed. Instead, each time Mind Flay deals damage you will be granted 15% increased movement speed for 5 sec, stacking up to 3 times.
Glyph of FadePassiveYour Fade ability now also reduces all damage taken by 10%.
Minor Glyphs
Glyph of Dark Archangel
ShadowPassiveWhen you apply Devouring Plague to a target, you take on the form of a Dark Archangel for 8 sec.
Glyph of Shadow
ShadowPassiveAlters the appearance of your Shadowform to be less transparent.
Glyph of Shadow Ravens
ShadowPassiveYour Shadow Orbs now appear as Shadow Ravens.
- Health77274
- Mana65000
- Intellect 1422
- Spell Power 1964
- Crit 17.00%
- Spirit 366
- Haste 17.75%
- Mastery 75.98%
- Multistrike 5.00%
- Versatility 1.37%
- Intellect 1422
- Spell Power 1964
- Haste 17.75%
- Crit 17.00%
- Mastery 75.98%
- Multistrike 5.00%
- Versatility 1.37%
- Strength 388
- Agility 489
- Intellect 1422
- Stamina 1458
- Damage 227–342
- Attack Power 0
- Speed 2.80
- Spell Power 1964
- Mana Regen 2808
- Armor 205
- Dodge 3.00%
- Parry 0.00%
- Block 0.00%
- Crit 17.00%
- Haste 17.75%
- Mastery 75.98%
- Spirit 366
- Bonus Armor 0
- Multistrike 5.00%
- Leech 0.00%
- Versatility 1.37%
- Avoidance 0.00%
Recent Activity
- Earned the achievement The Garrison Campaign for 10 points.
- 2/15/2015
- Earned the achievement So Grossly Incandescent for 10 points.
- 2/15/2015
- Earned the achievement Proving Yourself: Gold Damage for 10 points.
- 2/15/2015
- Earned the achievement Dragonmaw? More Like Dragonfall! for 10 points.
- 2/2/2015
Player vs. Player
- 27394 Honorable kills
Challenge Mode
Raid Progression
Last updated on 02/16/2015


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Sort of Black Gold
Sort of Black is sort of back. This time however gold is the new black. Let us present Sort of Black Gold, the latest addition to the Sort of Black collaboration between Rasmus Storm Cph and TRIWA Sthlm.
Sort of Black Gold comes in two versions SoB Gold and SoB Gold Chrono. Both watches come in a package with interchangeable bands, gold mesh band or black leather band from Swedish organic tannery Tärnsjö.
The watches are monochrome gold, letting variations in textures and depth feature as indicators, with the exception of the matt black contrasting detailing on the hands.
Price: SoB Gold: €260, $340, £215, SoB Gold Chrono: €345, $460, £295.
Sort of Black is a collaboration between Rasmus Storm (CPH) and TRIWA (STHLM ). The collection carries four watches developed in a close collaboration between Rasmus Storm and the design team at TRIWA.
The collaboration will be launched on the 1st of April in ten selected stores worldwide; Colette (Paris), Estnation (Tokyo), Hypebeast Store (HK), Wild Style (LA), STORM Design Art Fashion (Copenhagen), TRIWA Pop Up (Stockholm) and triwa.com just to name a few.
TRIWA Sort of Black Gold - Video Concept
Created by GOODCOMPANY (goodco.tv/)
Director: Nathaniel Brown
Immersed in the worlds of film, fashion, music and all things cool, Nathaniel is a tastemaker. His background as an editor, model and actor all inform the breadth of his work. Nathan has directed recent spots for Dior, Gucci, NYTimes, V Magazine, Sephora and music content for artists including Kanye West, Beyoncé, Zebra Katz, Swedish House Mafia and Theophilus London.
Rasmus Storm
While internationally renowned as one of the leading and most trendsetting lifestyle and fashion stores in Europe, Storm is also a lot more than a retail space. With owner Rasmus Storm acting as driver and mediator, it's a conceptual platform where commercial and artistic expressions meet, cultural meanings are exchanged and new concepts evolve. Everyday they strive to improve the Storm vision and to find and share with you the latest and greatest sources of inspiration. The Storm Store is located at Store Regnegade 1, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Latest Posts
The four TRIWA founders explain the brand's origin and goals.Read More
TRIWA is pleased to announce the arrival of the AW15 collectionRead More
Check out the newest TRIWA collaboration!Read More
New watch faces availableRead More
The TRIWA SS15 Collection
Presenting the Spring Summer 2015 collection.Read More
Falken is Here
We are pleased to present to you the new FalkenRead More


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Register now for free, or sign in with any of these services:
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Mfrs Agts
Be the first cleveland.com user to add photos or videos of Gmz
When it comes to chemical distribution, you want a proactive partner that takes the time to understand your business – and provides you with the custom
GMZ is located at 5115 Excello Ct, West Chester, OH. This business specializes in Manufacturing & Industrial Supplies.


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While it is impossible to know the exact number of deaths due to poor record keeping, it is estimated that 69 people either died, discharged, or deserted during the First Fleet's voyage from Portsmouth to Sydney Cove. Of these, only 29 are thought to be convict deaths.Know More
Prior to the Revolutionary War, Great Britain often sent convicts to the Thirteen Colonies. After the war, America stopped accepting convicts. On December 6, 1785 provisions were made to establish a penal colony in Australia to which British convicts would be shipped. The First Fleet set sail in 1787, arriving in Australia's Botany Bay in January 1788.
An estimated 1,420 passengers are thought to have made the voyage, comprised of convicts and their families, as well as naval officers, British officials and crew members.Learn more about Exploration & Imperialism
Though the exact number of deaths is not known, it is estimated that over a million people were killed or seriously wounded during the Battle of the Somme. Casualties of the World War I battle were French, British and German.Full Answer >
The exact number of deaths from the Dust Bowl remains unknown, but evidence suggests hundreds, even thousands, of Plains residents died from exposure to dust. The Dust Bowl claimed the lives of men, women and children, although children and the elderly were most susceptible to the harmful effects of the dust. The thick dust produced by the Dust Bowl also harmed plants and animals, leaving them dead in the aftermath.Full Answer >
Magellan is credited with the first circumnavigation of the globe, although he died before the voyage was completed. En route, Magellan discovered what is now called the Strait of Magellan. He became the first European to cross the Pacific Ocean and named South America's Tierra del Fuego. Magellan originally set sail from Spain in 1519, in an attempt to find a western sea route to the Spice Islands of Indonesia.Full Answer >
During his voyage on the HMS Beagle, Charles Darwin traveled to the Canary Islands, South America, the Galapagos Islands, Tahiti, New Zealand, Australia and the Southern tip of Africa. According to About.com, this journey took nearly five years and circumnavigated the globe.Full Answer >


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Tastings, Authors, Live Music and Literary Gatherings • 302 East Wesley, Wheaton, IL • (630) 765-7455
We invite you to drop by and check out our reading room. It is a lovely, comfortable spot to read by yourself or a place to catch up with a
friend. It's also available to reserve for a group event, free of charge.
Looking for a place for your next book club or Bible study? It is available whenever the store is open. Contact us in advance at firstname.lastname@example.com to reserve your meeting. You are always welcome to bring in food and drinks.
Pictured here is PPB's Morning Edition Book Club.
PPB now has an entrance easily accessible to all at the NW corner of the building (corner of Scott and Wesley). To use this entrance park on either Scott or
Wesley, please do not park in the parking lot by the loading dock.
Prairie Path Books is tucked within Toms-Price Home Furnishings at 303 E. Front St. in downtown Wheaton. When you enter the front door just follow the signs to the back corner of Toms-Price where you will find our bookstore, comfortably furnished, with a friendly staff, and most importantly a hand picked selection of books (over 5000 titles). You will see from our store logo that we are more than just a bookstore, we are Prairie Path Books, Gatherings & Great Reads. We love gatherings! We host a variety of weekly events to inspire and enlighten, as well as book clubs and story times for kids. And we are proud of our great selection of books! If you are not sure what you are going to read next, come in and we will help you find the perfect read.
Prairie Path Books tucked within Toms-Price Home Furnishings,
302 East Wesley, Wheaton, IL 60187
Contact us
(630) 765-7455
Hours are:
Monday: 10 a.m. to 7:30 p.m.
Tuesday: 10 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.
Wednesday: 10 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.
Thursday: 10 a.m. to 7:30 p.m.
Friday: 10 a.m. to 7:30 p.m.
Saturday: 10 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.
Sunday: 12 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.
Toms-Price Home Furnishings is open a half-hour later than Prairie Path Books each day.
To receive weekly email updates from Prairie Path Books, subscribe here:
Frequent performer
at Prairie Path Books
Toms-Price & Prairie Path Books


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A summary and analysis of the newest shows and generation leaps on telelvision!
Mohi… Ek Khwaab Ke Khilne Ki Kahani is a story about a tribal girl, Mohi who dreams big and aspires to be a successful doctor.Saturday, August 15, 2015 12:30:37 PM
With abundance of similar concepts on Indian Television, this show manages to break the league and bring to the fore and interesting tale...Friday, July 31, 2015 6:15:04 PM
We bring to you the pull factors of Jhalak as this season is nevertheless a reloaded version with many prominent aspectsThursday, July 16, 2015 11:24:04 PM
If you believe and have faith in the almighty, then Kalash - Ek Vishwaas is an apt show for the viewers...Saturday, April 11, 2015 3:43:52 PM
Dil Ki Baatein Dil Hi Jaane, is surely a must watch for the viewers for the chemistry of the lead pair Ram and Anandita...Monday, April 06, 2015 12:40:59 PM
Mooh Boli Shaadi, attracts the youths. The leads of the show are up to their mark in terms of showcasing a cute love story...Monday, March 23, 2015 1:20:35 PM
Life OK's Dream Girl- Ek Ladki Deewani Si, is descent to watch and becomes interesting to see the star power on the show...Wednesday, March 18, 2015 12:38:09 PM
Tere Sheher Mein, appeals the viewers with its fresh and interesting storyline.Monday, March 16, 2015 1:19:51 PM
& TV's Razia Sultan, is enthralling and the ensemble is exceptional on screen.Thursday, March 12, 2015 12:54:28 PM
& TV's Gangaa, is quite promising and the little girl Ruhana Khanna, steals the show.Tuesday, March 10, 2015 2:34:45 PM
Colors' newly launched Swaragini, looks fresh and fine with the two young actresses. The scenic beauty of Kolkata, enthralls the viewers.Monday, March 09, 2015 1:51:10 PM
& TV's one of the mega shows, Begu Sarai, gives the authentic feel and is quite impressive with its stellar ensemble.Monday, March 09, 2015 12:44:37 PM
Aahat - The All New Series, which makes a comeback after many years fails to spread its 'horror' magic in front of the viewers.Wednesday, February 25, 2015 1:39:37 PM
Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat, with its stellar concept and exceptional performance of the star cast, is one of the best historical shows on screen to watch out for.Friday, February 13, 2015 2:25:41 PM
If you are fed up with reality shows, saas-bahu saga and just want to have a quite time with your television set, you can visit scenic Peterson Hill.Friday, February 06, 2015 4:07:37 PM
Colors' crime based show Code Red, is a masterpiece when it comes to narrating and projecting real life crime stories.Monday, February 02, 2015 1:18:18 PM
Tu Mera Hero is like a breath of fresh air which you can enjoy with your entire family and have a daily dose of a good laugh.Thursday, January 29, 2015 4:13:19 PM
One of its kind on TV, Mahakumbh does exceptionally well with its storyline and star cast of the show is quite impressive.Tuesday, January 13, 2015 5:13:00 PM
Adapted from a regional show, Satrangi Sasural is a complete family oriented show and manages to capture the attention of the viewers quite well.Friday, December 19, 2014 1:58:34 PM
Balaji Telefilms' another venture is quite impressive and acting is commendable of the star cast.Wednesday, December 10, 2014 6:29:19 PM
It's the first week of Bigg Boss season 9 and its Voting time!
Check out on Colors' The Anupam Kher Show- Kucch Bhi Ho Sakta Hai ...
Read on to know how alia Bhatt again made fun of herself at a public event.
Sidharth Malhotra recently became Tourism New Zealand's Indian Ambassador.
Disclaimer: All Logos and Pictures of various Channels, Shows, Artistes, Media Houses, Companies, Brands etc. belong to their respective owners, and are used to merely visually identify the Channels, Shows, Companies, Brands, etc. to the viewer. Incase of any issue please contact the webmaster.
Popular Channels :Star Plus | Zee TV | Sony TV | Colors TV | SAB TV | Life OK
Quick Links :Top 100 TV Celebrities | Top 100 Bollywood Celebs | About Us | Contact Us | Advertise | Forum Index


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Bexley Heritage Trust is the charity that manages Hall Place, a stunning Tudor mansion with magnificent gardens and Danson House, a beautifully restored Georgian villa.
Bexley Heritage Trust is a registered charity. We need your support to keep the houses and gardens open for the enjoyment of all.
We receive a small grant from the London Borough of Bexley but rely on the generosity of individuals, trusts and foundations to maintain and develop Hall Place & Gardens and Danson House.


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Hurricane Bud to touch down in Mexico today
May 25, 2012
Hurricane Bud is headed toward Mexico's Pacific coast. The hurricane was a major Category 3 storm, but was recently downgraded to Category 2 as it drew nearer to land. The Associated Press reports Hurricane Bud led to school cancellations and emergency shelter preparations in Jalisco state as heavy rains are expected to reach shore today.
"Hurricane conditions are expected to reach the coast within the hurricane warning area this afternoon," read a report by the U.S. National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida, according to Reuters.
The agency reported there have been sustained wind speeds of 110 miles per hour, and the storm is traveling from the ocean toward Mexico at about eight mph. Along with Jalisco, the states of Colima, Michoacan and southern Nayarit fall within the storm's expected target area when it makes landfall.
While the storm is destined to reach Mexico, experts believe it may not stay long. There's a good chance Hurricane Bud will only stay over the west coast for a short period before traveling back to sea.
Those who want to find out more about Hurricane Bud can make calls to Mexico with phone cards to get the latest updates from their friends.
You Might Also Like...
- PRI candidate Enrique Pena Nieto wins Mexico's presidential elections
- Mexico City zombie walk may have broken current record
- Bird flu epidemic in Mexico is contained, officials say
- Everyone's getting ready for Cinco de Mayo
- Border patrol shows rising concern for people who are going from the U.S. to Mexico


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Falsehood during Planned Parenthood congressional hearing
Re: "Facing Congress, Planned Parenthood chief rebuts videos," Sept. 30 news story.
Apparently Rep. Jason Chaffetz, chairman of the House Oversight committee, was not under oath, as the Planned Parenthood witness was, when he stated Tuesday that he got information on a chart showing an increase in abortions from Planned Parenthood records. That was not the truth, as the chart showed that the source of the information was an anti-abortion organization.
Shouldn't congressmen be held to the same standard for perjury as witnesses?
This letter was published in the Oct. 2 edition.
Submit a letter to the editor via this form or check out our guidelines for how to submit by e-mail or mail.