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The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire: psychometric properties, benchmarking data, and emerging research
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Boyden James
Full Text Available Abstract Background There is widespread interest in measuring healthcare provider attitudes about issues relevant to patient safety (often called safety climate or safety culture. Here we report the psychometric properties, establish benchmarking data, and discuss emerging areas of research with the University of Texas Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. Methods Six cross-sectional surveys of health care providers (n = 10,843 in 203 clinical areas (including critical care units, operating rooms, inpatient settings, and ambulatory clinics in three countries (USA, UK, New Zealand. Multilevel factor analyses yielded results at the clinical area level and the respondent nested within clinical area level. We report scale reliability, floor/ceiling effects, item factor loadings, inter-factor correlations, and percentage of respondents who agree with each item and scale. Results A six factor model of provider attitudes fit to the data at both the clinical area and respondent nested within clinical area levels. The factors were: Teamwork Climate, Safety Climate, Perceptions of Management, Job Satisfaction, Working Conditions, and Stress Recognition. Scale reliability was 0.9. Provider attitudes varied greatly both within and among organizations. Results are presented to allow benchmarking among organizations and emerging research is discussed. Conclusion The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire demonstrated good psychometric properties. Healthcare organizations can use the survey to measure caregiver attitudes about six patient safety-related domains, to compare themselves with other organizations, to prompt interventions to improve safety attitudes and to measure the effectiveness of these interventions.
Swedish translation and psychometric testing of the safety attitudes questionnaire (operating room version)
Goras, Camilla; Wallentin, Fan Yang; Nilsson, Ulrica; Ehrenberg, Anna
Background: Tens of millions of patients worldwide suffer from avoidable disabling injuries and death every year. Measuring the safety climate in health care is an important step in improving patient safety. The most commonly used instrument to measure safety climate is the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). The aim of the present study was to establish the validity and reliability of the translated version of the SAQ. Methods: The SAQ was translated and adapted to the Swedish context. The...
Adaption and validation of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire for the Danish hospital setting
Kristensen, Solvejg; Sabroe, Svend; Bartels, Paul; Mainz, Jan; Christensen, Karl Bang
Purpose Measuring and developing a safe culture in health care is a focus point in creating highly reliable organizations being successful in avoiding patient safety incidents where these could normally be expected. Questionnaires can be used to capture a snapshot of an employee's perceptions of patient safety culture. A commonly used instrument to measure safety climate is the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). The purpose of this study was to adapt the SAQ for use in Danish hospitals, assess its construct validity and reliability, and present benchmark data. Materials and methods The SAQ was translated and adapted for the Danish setting (SAQ-DK). The SAQ-DK was distributed to 1,263 staff members from 31 in- and outpatient units (clinical areas) across five somatic and one psychiatric hospitals through meeting administration, hand delivery, and mailing. Construct validity and reliability were tested in a cross-sectional study. Goodness-of-fit indices from confirmatory factor analysis were reported along with inter-item correlations, Cronbach's alpha (?), and item and subscale scores. Results Participation was 73.2% (N=925) of invited health care workers. Goodness-of-fit indices from the confirmatory factor analysis showed: c2=1496.76, Pmean scores was found within the somatic and the psychiatric samples. Conclusion SAQ-DK showed good construct validity and internal consistency reliability. SAQ-DK is potentially a useful tool for evaluating perceptions of patient safety culture in Danish hospitals. PMID:25674015
Adaption and validation of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire for the Danish hospital setting
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kristensen, Solvejg; Sabroe, Svend
PURPOSE: Measuring and developing a safe culture in health care is a focus point in creating highly reliable organizations being successful in avoiding patient safety incidents where these could normally be expected. Questionnaires can be used to capture a snapshot of an employee's perceptions of patient safety culture. A commonly used instrument to measure safety climate is the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). The purpose of this study was to adapt the SAQ for use in Danish hospitals, assess its construct validity and reliability, and present benchmark data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SAQ was translated and adapted for the Danish setting (SAQ-DK). The SAQ-DK was distributed to 1,263 staff members from 31 in- and outpatient units (clinical areas) across five somatic and one psychiatric hospitals through meeting administration, hand delivery, and mailing. Construct validity and reliability were tested in a cross-sectional study. Goodness-of-fit indices from confirmatory factor analysis were reported along with inter-item correlations, Cronbach's alpha (?), and item and subscale scores. RESULTS: Participation was 73.2% (N=925) of invited health care workers. Goodness-of-fit indices from the confirmatory factor analysis showed: c(2)=1496.76, P<0.001, CFI 0.901, RMSEA (90% CI) 0.053 (0.050-0056), Probability RMSEA (p close)=0.057. Inter-scale correlations between the factors showed moderate-to-high correlations. The scale stress recognition had significant negative correlations with each of the other scales. Questionnaire reliability was high, (?=0.89), and scale reliability ranged from ?=0.70 to ?=0.86 for the six scales. Proportions of participants with a positive attitude to each of the six SAQ scales did not differ between the somatic and psychiatric health care staff. Substantial variability at the unit level in all six scale mean scores was found within the somatic and the psychiatric samples. CONCLUSION: SAQ-DK showed good construct validity and internal consistency reliability. SAQ-DK is potentially auseful tool for evaluating perceptions of patient safety culture in Danish hospitals.
Cross-cultural adaptation of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire - Short Form 2006 for Brazil / Cuestionario de actitudes de seguridad: adaptación transcultural del Safety Attitudes Questionnaire - Short Form 2006 para Brasil / Questionário Atitudes de Segurança: adaptaçăo transcultural do Safety Attitudes Questionnaire - Short Form 2006 para o Brasil
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Rhanna Emanuela Fontenele Lima de, Carvalho; Silvia Helena De Bortoli, Cassiani.
Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a adaptaçăo transcultural do Safety Attitudes Questionnaire - Short Form 2006 para o Brasil. O instrumento foi aplicado em seis hospitais de tręs Regiőes do Brasil. Foi realizada a validade de conteúdo, face e de construto. A análise da confiabilidade do instrume [...] nto foi realizada por meio da análise da consistęncia interna dos itens por meio do alfa de Cronbach. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 1.301 profissionais das enfermarias clínicas e cirúrgicas de seis hospitais. A análise confirmatória mostrou que o ajuste do modelo final dos 41 itens foi considerado satisfatório. Aversăo do instrumento em Portuguęs apresentou alfa de 0,89. As correlaçőes item/total entre os domínios foram consideradas de moderada a forte, com exceçăo do domínio percepçăo do estresse. Conclui-se, portanto, que a versăo do instrumento adaptada para o Portuguęs é considerada válida e confiável nesta amostra. Abstract in spanish El objetivo de este estudio fue el de adaptación transcultural del cuestionario Actitudes de Seguridad - Short Form 2006 para Brasil. Métodos: El instrumento fue aplicado en seis hospitales en tres regiones del Brasil. Se realizó la validez de contenido, la cara y la construcción. El análisis de con [...] fiabilidad del instrumento se realizó mediante el análisis de la consistencia interna de los ítems a través de alfa de Cronbach. Resultados: La muestra del estudio fue compuesto por 1.301 profesionales en salas clínicas y cirugía. El análisis confirmatorio mostró que el ajuste del modelo final de los 41 ítems fue satisfactorio. La versión en portugués del instrumento mostró un alfa de 0,89. Las correlaciones ítem-total entre los dominios se consideran entre moderados y fuertes, con la excepción de dominio Percepción del Estrés. Conclusión: Se concluye, que la versión adaptada del instrumento al portugués se considera válida y fiable en la muestra. Abstract in english The objective of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire - Short Form 2006 for Brazil. The instrument was applied in six hospitals in three regions of Brazil. Content, face, and construct validity was performed. Analysis of the instrument's reliabi [...] lity was performed by verifying the items' internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha. The sample was composed of 1301 professionals working in clinical and surgical wards of six hospitals. Confirmatory analysis showed that the model including 41 items was satisfactory. The Portuguese version presented an alpha of 0.89. The item-total correlations among the domains were moderate to strong, except for the domain Stress Recognition. We concluded that the instrument's version adapted to Portuguese and applied in our sample is valid and reliable.
Trend Analysis of HANARO Safety Culture Attitude
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
HANARO has emphasized and implemented a safety culture as one of the safety management activities for the reactor operation and utilization. A survey in a nuclear plant is a good method to understand the safety culture attitude. The questionnaire for a survey was developed based on IAEA documents in 2008. During the last 2 years the survey was conducted two times for the personnel of the reactor and subsidiary facilities. This paper summarizes 2008 and 2010 survey results and analyzes the trend of a safety culture attitude
Anaesthetists' attitudes to teamwork and safety.
Flin, R; Fletcher, G; McGeorge, P; Sutherland, A; Patey, R
A questionnaire survey was conducted with 222 anaesthetists from 11 Scottish hospitals to measure their attitudes towards human and organisational factors that can have an impact on effective team performance and consequently on patient safety. A customised version of the Operating Room Management Attitude Questionnaire (ORMAQ) was used. This measures attitudes to leadership, communication, teamwork, stress and fatigue, work values, human error and organisational climate. The respondents generally demonstrated positive attitudes towards the interpersonal aspects of their work, such as team behaviours and they recognised the importance of communication skills, such as assertiveness. However, the results suggest that some anaesthetists do not fully appreciate the debilitating effects of stress and fatigue on performance. Their responses were comparable with (and slightly more favourable than) those reported in previous ORMAQ surveys of anaesthetists and surgeons in other countries. PMID:12603453
The Effect of Safety Culture Education on Improvement of Managers' Attitudes towards Patients' Safety
Leila Azimi; Mohammadkarim Bahadori
Background & Objectives: Medical errors have turned into a major problem in health sector. The goal of this study was to measure attitudes of managers towards patients' safety before and after the Safety Culture educational course in an educational hospital of Tehran.Methods: This research is of semi-empirical type and some data have been accumulated using retrospective approach in 2011. Safety attitude questionnaire (SAQ) was applied for data collection. Sampling in this study was done using...
Construction of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire for Assessing Plagiarism
Mirfakhraei, M; Z Cheraghi; A Doosti Irani; P Cheraghi; Poorolajal, J
Background: This study was conducted to develop a questionnaire in order to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the faculty members and students toward plagiarism.Methods: A KAP study was conducted from June to October 2011 enrolling 390 volunteers anonymously (response rate 96%). The questionnaire included the following four parts: (a) general characteristics like gender, academic degree and education level; (b) nine questions regarding knowledge (Min=0, Max=9); (c) nine quest...
Construction of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire for Assessing Plagiarism
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
M Mirfakhraei
Full Text Available Background: This study was conducted to develop a questionnaire in order to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP of the faculty members and students toward plagiarism.Methods: A KAP study was conducted from June to October 2011 enrolling 390 volunteers anonymously (response rate 96%. The questionnaire included the following four parts: (a general characteristics like gender, academic degree and education level; (b nine questions regarding knowledge (Min=0, Max=9; (c nine questions regarding attitude (Min=9, Max=27; and (d eight questions regarding practice (Min=0, Max=8. A pilot study was conducted to assess reliability of the questions regarding knowledge and attitude. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the knowledge and attitude questions was 0.70 and 0.74 respectively.Results: The overall prevalence of at least once plagiarism commission was 38% (SD=0.035. The overall mean score of knowledge, attitude and practice was 5.94 (SD=1.66, 24.12 (SD=2.99, and 0.66 (SD=1.15 respectively. Knowledge of plagiarism was significantly higher among higher academic degrees and females. Their negative attitude toward plagiarism was stronger too. No statistically significant difference regarding plagiarism commission was observed among different academic degrees in both sexes. According to linear regression analysis, plagiarism commission decreased 13% per one unit increase in score of knowledge (P=0.005 and 16% per one unit increase in score of attitude (P<0.001.Conclusions: This knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP questionnaire was developed as a standard tool in order to assess perception of subjects toward plagiarism and to estimate the prevalence and the type of plagiarism commission.
Effectiveness of a Safety Training Course in Changing Employees Attitude Toward Safety Issues and its Dimensions: A Pathological Study
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Effat Jafari
Full Text Available Background and Aim: Millions of occupational accidents and disease cases are reported from work places annually causing considerable human and financial damages. Safety training is globally considered the best strategy to mitigate these damages. In this project a safety attitude questionnaire was used to obtain the required information. The questionnaire contained items about 13 relevant variables: job conscientiousness, fatalism, leadership, safety consciousness, role overload, work pressure, job safety perception, supervisor safety perception, coworker safety perception, management safety perception, safety program and policies perception, interpersonal conflicts at work, and job involvement. Materials and Methods: A total of 204 individuals (101 in the control and 103 in the experiment group in the Isfahan Steel Company completed the safety attitude questionnaire. This was followed by a 4-hour safety training course attended by the experimental group. After 30 days both the experimental and control group completed the questionnaire again. Descriptive statistics and covariate analysis were used the compare the data between the 2 groups. Results: Safety training in the workplace influenced positively the general attitude of the personnel towards safety issues. Further analysis of the data revealed that the training affected statistically significantly only safety consciousness, leadership, and management safety perception. Conclusion: Assessment of safety attitude in the workplace and its dimensions can be used to identify those areas of safety training that need more attention and a better design.
Attitudes of perioperative personnel : Comparative research on safety culture and usage of surgical safety checklist
Eshun, Nea; Eshun, Patrick
This research investigated the perioperative personnel's attitudes on safety culture and usage of surgical safety checklist in Central Ostrobothnia Central Hospital and Oulu University Hospital. Furthermore, the challenges in the utilization of surgical safety checklist by perioperative personnel in these two hospitals were also investigated. This research was conducted by utilizing a quantitative descriptive research design. In this research, data was collected with questionnaires that...
Development of chemistry attitudes and experiences questionnaire (CAEQ)
Dalgety, Jacinta; Coll, Richard K.; Jones, Alister
In this article we describe the development of the Chemistry Attitudes and Experiences Questionnaire (CAEQ) that measures first-year university chemistry students' attitude toward chemistry, chemistry self-efficacy, and learning experiences. The instrument was developed as part of a larger study and sought to fulfill a need for an instrument to investigate factors that influence student enrollment choice. We set out to design the instrument in a manner that would maximize construct validity. The CAEQ was piloted with a cohort of science and technology students (n = 129) at the end of their first year. Based on statistical analysis the instrument was modified and subsequently administered on two occasions at two tertiary institutions (n = 669). Statistical data along with additional data gathered from interviews suggest that the CAEQ possesses good construct validity and will prove a useful tool for tertiary level educators who wish to gain an understanding of factors that influence student choice of chemistry enrolment.
Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Hospital Food Handlers in Davao City
Molina, Jason O.
The study determined the relationships between food safety knowledge and practices of hospital food handlers in Davao City and also between their attitudes and practices regarding food safety. Questionnaire patterned after the Key Food Safety Guidelines of Pacific Northwest Publications was administered to 51 food handlers to generate the data. It was found that hospital food handlers in Davao City are highly knowledgeable and have favorable attitudes in food safety. The extent of food sa...
The Effect of Safety Culture Education on Improvement of Managers' Attitudes towards Patients' Safety
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Leila Azimi
Full Text Available Background & Objectives: Medical errors have turned into a major problem in health sector. The goal of this study was to measure attitudes of managers towards patients' safety before and after the Safety Culture educational course in an educational hospital of Tehran.Methods: This research is of semi-empirical type and some data have been accumulated using retrospective approach in 2011. Safety attitude questionnaire (SAQ was applied for data collection. Sampling in this study was done using census method and included all managers of the educational hospital.Results: This study provided strong evidence to some improvement in the managers' positive attitudes to patient safety before and after safety culture education in the dimensions, as follows: teamwork climate (from 76.4% to 97.3%, safety climate (from 60% to 96.4%, job satisfaction (from 69.1% to 99.1%, stress recognition (from 20.9% to 27.3%, management perception (from 44.5% to 88.2%, and work conditions (from 59.1% to 84.5%. Some statistically significant differences were seen in the positive attitudes to safety culture before and after education in all of dimensions.Conclusion: Education has positive effect on improvement of managers' attitudes towards safety culture. The finding of this study can act as a motivating proof to the health centers to provide safety culture courses in their respective hospitals.
Development and validation of IMAQ: Integrative Medicine Attitude Questionnaire
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Meek Paula M
Full Text Available Abstract Background Complementary/alternative medicine and integrative medicine (CAM/IM are increasingly used in the U.S. We set out to develop and validate a brief questionnaire measuring health care provider and medical student attitudes regarding these approaches to healthcare. Methods IMAQ is a 29-item, 7-point Likert scale rated instrument, developed from focus groups consisting of faculty, fellows, visiting residents, and medical students at a university based integrative medicine program. Respondents included 111 (of 574 contacted internal medicine physicians on an academic medical center CME list and 85 healthcare providers (mostly physicians attending an American Holistic Medical Association Annual Conference (296 attending. Cohorts were selected for expected differences in attitudes toward CAM/IM. Results Factor analysis demonstrated that a 2 factor solution best explained the variance in responses (38%. Factor 1 ("openness to new ideas and paradigms" explained 26% of variance with loadings ranging from 0.79 to 0.3, with factor 2 ("value of both introspection and relationship to patient" contributing an additional 12% of the explained variance with loadings ranging from 0.69 to 0.42. Both factors demonstrated adequate reliability. Factor 1 had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.91, while factor 2 was 0.72. As expected, AHMA conference attendees scored higher (F = 120.00, p 0.05. Conclusions Analysis of the IMAQ provided evidence of its reliability and validity in measuring attitudes toward CAM/IM, specifically openness to new ideas and paradigms, and the value of relationship to self and patient. Initial findings support use of the IMAQ in measuring attitudes of students and practitioners towards CAM/IM interventions as a first step in understanding willingness to use these approaches to healing. It is our desire that this preliminary instrument will continue to be refined as the field of CAM/IM matures.
Analysis of the survey results for the safety culture attitudes of HANARO management division staff
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This report provides the that analysis results of the surveys on the safety culture attitude and related topics for the HANARO Management Division staff. The survey form consisted of the questionnaire on the safety culture attitude, happiness and life style, drinking habit and traffic safety attitude. The key information drawn from the analysis are as follow; First, the level of safety culture attitude of the staff was confirmed and it was found that the attitude improved when the present analysis results were compared with them for the survey in 1998. Second, the degree of happiness that the staff feel is higher than the average Korean and they enjoy more leisure time than the average Korean. Third, the staff drink more alcohol than the average Korean. Thus, the drinking habit must be improved for the health of the staff. Fourth, the questionnaire of the happiness and the traffic safety attitude should be improved to verify the hypotheses on the relation between them and the safety culture attitude
Analysis of the survey results for the safety culture attitudes of HANARO management division staff
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lee, M.; Hwang, S. Y.; Lim, I. C.; Kang, T. J.; Choi, H. Y
This report provides the that analysis results of the surveys on the safety culture attitude and related topics for the HANARO Management Division staff. The survey form consisted of the questionnaire on the safety culture attitude, happiness and life style, drinking habit and traffic safety attitude. The key information drawn from the analysis are as follow; First, the level of safety culture attitude of the staff was confirmed and it was found that the attitude improved when the present analysis results were compared with them for the survey in 1998. Second, the degree of happiness that the staff feel is higher than the average Korean and they enjoy more leisure time than the average Korean. Third, the staff drink more alcohol than the average Korean. Thus, the drinking habit must be improved for the health of the staff. Fourth, the questionnaire of the happiness and the traffic safety attitude should be improved to verify the hypotheses on the relation between them and the safety culture attitude.
Development and Initial Psychometric Assessment of the Plant Attitude Questionnaire
Fan?ovi?ová, Jana; Prokop, Pavol
Plants are integral parts of ecosystems which determine life on Earth. People's attitudes toward them are however, largely overlooked. Here we present initial psychometric assessment of self-constructed Plant Attitude Scale (PAS) that was administered to a sample of 310 Slovakian students living in rural areas aged 10-15 years. The final version of PAS consists from 29 Likert-scale items that were loaded to four distinct dimensions (Interest, Importance, Urban trees and Utilization). Mean scores revealed that Slovakian students lack positive attitudes toward plants and that gender had no effect on their mean attitude scores. Living in a family with a garden was associated with a more positive attitude toward plants. Further correlative research on diverse samples containing urban children and experimental research examining the impact of gardening in schools on student attitudes toward plants is required.
Development and Initial Psychometric Assessment of the Plant Attitude Questionnaire
Fancovicova, Jana; Prokop, Pavol
Plants are integral parts of ecosystems which determine life on Earth. People's attitudes toward them are however, largely overlooked. Here we present initial psychometric assessment of self-constructed Plant Attitude Scale (PAS) that was administered to a sample of 310 Slovakian students living in rural areas aged 10-15 years. The final version…
Development of a questionnaire to assess maternal attitudes towards infant growth and milk feeding practices
Schiff Annie; Landsbaugh Jill R; Lakshman Rajalakshmi R; Hardeman Wendy; Ong Ken K; Griffin Simon J
Abstract Background There is increasing recognition that public health strategies to prevent childhood obesity need to start early in life. Any behavioural interventions need to target maternal attitudes and infant feeding practices, This paper describes the development and preliminary validation of a questionnaire to assess maternal attitudes towards infant growth and milk feeding practices. Methods We designed a 57-item (19 questions), self-administered questionnaire to measure the followin...
Influence of Education on Patient Safety: The Nurses' Attitude Improvement Perspective
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Leila Azimi
Full Text Available Background and Objectives: Medical Errors and adverse events have recently turned into one of the predominant concerns of health-policy makers and health services providers. Promoting safety culture is fundamental to sustainable safety improvement in healthcare settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of training on nurses' attitudes towards safety culture.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over the period of April to September 2011. The nursing staff in Shahid Modarres Hospital were invited to participate in the study (n = 143. A Persian version of Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ was developed and used for measuring safety culture. To evaluate the effect of training on nurses' safety attitudes, the safety culture survey was carried out twice on the sample, ones before training and once after training and the results were compared. The training course contained material on causes of failure in safety systems, harms due to unsafe medical conditions and their outcomes, and concepts and dimensions of safety culture. The second safety culture measurement was carried out three months after the end of the training course. The results of the two evaluations were compared using analytical statistics.Findings: Significant improvement in nurse attitudes towards most safety culture dimensions was observed after training. While the highest improved dimension was Perception of Management (43.3%, Stress Recognition showed the lowest increase (7% following the training. The training was found to enhance the average nurses' safety attitudes by 44%. Meanwhile, the results of path analysis showed a similar pattern of interrelations between safety attitude dimensions and overall measure of safety culture before and after training.Conclusions: Training is an effective strategy for improving nurse attitudes towards safety.
Measuring how people view biomedical research: Reliability and validity analysis of the Research Attitudes Questionnaire
Rubright, Jonathan D.; Mark S. Cary; Karlawish, Jason H.; Kim, Scott Y. H.
With increasing numbers of studies on research ethics and a need to improve the recruitment of research subjects, the ability to measure attitudes toward biomedical research has become important. The Research Attitudes Questionnaire is a significant predictor of the public's attitudes toward and willingness to participate in research, yet limited data are available on its psychometric properties. This study establishes the scale's internal consistency and dimensionality using a large Inte...
The role of attitudes in the safety culture
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The UK Advisory Committee on the Safety of Nuclear Installations has recently published a comprehensive review of the organisational variables shown by research to be associated with strong safety cultures. A pervasive theme is that favourable attitudes towards, for example, the safety regulations, line management of safety, risk taking, team working, job satisfaction etc. are quintessential features of a healthy safety culture. An attitude is a relatively enduring predisposition to behave safely in a very wide range of situations. This paper reports an extensive empirical study in support of this argument. It is claimed that what we need to do, now that so many potential accidents have been engineered out of the system, is to address the hearts and minds of the workforce. It is the diffuse inefficiencies, mistakes, lapses and violations on the part of management and workers that now lie behind the large majority of remaining accidents. The study was carried out in the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant. A series of focus groups was held with all levels of the workforce in order to elicit the main issues and concerns affecting safety at the plant. These were incorporated in a draft questionnaire that was piloted on a representative sample. The final version included 172 statements covering every aspect of safety, with which respondents were invited to agree or disagree on a 7-point scale. The questionnaire was designed to be answerable, in the same form, by employee answerable, in the same form, by employees at every level in the organisation. A final sample of 5,297 was obtained, about 85% of the workforce. Principal components analysis resulted in 1 9 subscales. The most critical finding relates to the validation of these sub-scales. It was found that 17 of the attitudes discriminate, at high levels of significance, between those who have had an accident at some time while working at the plant and those who have not. Further analysis reveals differences between departments, shift versus day workers, 'active area' workers versus others, length of service, age, gender, type of work and level. (author)
Charity donor attitudes and preference :an analysis of a questionnaire survey in Norway
Alima, Ms
Since private donations take a large proportion in charitable giving, the meaning of study individual donors' attitudes and preferences become important. There were some previous researches provided the evidence that donor's decision is not independent. There are factors could increase the donation. In this Master thesis, based on a questionnaire survey conducted in 2011 in Norway, it is aimed to find out whether some factors impact the donors' attitudes or not. These factors include th...
Development and validation of a questionnaire for evaluation of students' attitudes towards family medicine.
Šter, Marija Petek; Švab, Igor; Klemenc-Ketiš, Zalika; Kersnik, Janko
The development of the EURACT (European Academy of Teachers in General Practice) Educational Agenda helped many family medicine departments in development of clerkship and the aims and objectives of family medicine teaching. Our aims were to develop and validate a tool for assessment of students' attitudes towards family medicine and to evaluate the impact of the clerkship on students' attitudes regarding the competences of family doctor. In the pilot study, experienced family doctors were asked to describe their attitudes towards family medicine by using the Educational Agenda as a template for brainstorming. The statements were paraphrased and developed into a 164-items questionnaire, which was administered to 176 final-year students in academic year 2007/08. The third phase consisted of development of a final tool using statistical analysis, which resulted in the 60-items questionnaire in six domains which was used for the evaluation of students' attitudes. At the beginning of the clerkship, person-centred care and holistic approach scored lower than the other competences. Students' attitudes regarding the competences at the end of 7 weeks clerkship in family medicine were more positive, with exception of the competence regarding primary care management. The students who named family medicine as his or her future career choice, found holistic approach as more important than the students who did not name it as their future career. With the decision tree, which included students' attitudes to the competences of family medicine, we can successfully predict the future career choice in family medicine in 93.5% of the students. This study reports on the first attempt to develop a valid and reliable tool for measuring attitudes towards family medicine based on EURACT Educational Agenda. The questionnaire could be used for evaluating changes of students' attitudes in undergraduate curricula and for prediction of students' preferences regarding their future professional career in family medicine. PMID:26040061
Reliability of the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS) and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ).
Yoder, Jan D.; And Others
In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the volume of empirical research directed toward the issue of sex-roles, including the development of evaluative instruments such as the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS) and the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ). The United States Military Academy's Project Athena, designed to examine…
Joint and soft tissue injections in the community: questionnaire survey of general practitioners' experiences and attitudes
Gormley, G.; Corrigan, M.; Steele, W.; Stevenson, M.; Taggart, A.
Methods: A self administered questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 410 (30%) of 1367 GPs in Northern Ireland. Two mailings were used to increase the response rate. Questions explored the GPs' demographic characteristics, types and numbers of injections performed, previous training experience, attitudes towards training, and perceived barriers.
Questionnaire responses concerning safety issues in MR examination
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Recently, the rising numbers of medical implants and scanners with higher static magnetic field have increased safety concerns for magnetic resonance (MR) examination. To determine future safety focus, we distributed anonymous questionnaires to 3250 members of the Japanese Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (JSMRM) and received 978 responses. Safety issues on the questionnaire concentrated on the handling of patients with implants (Q7-18, appendix), acoustic trauma due to scanning (Q19-21, appendix), and MR compatibility within the scanner room (Q22-25, appendix). Ninety-three percent of respondents indicated they had encountered cases with implants or medical materials of unknown MR compatibility; 21.7% reported heating problems and 15.0%, nerve stimulation problems, in patients with implants during MR examination. Although 88.7% of respondents recognized the term ''MR compatibility'', 68.2% indicated limited detailed understanding of the term. Eleven percent had had cases with suspected acoustic injury from MR scanner noise. Scanner noise levels were not clarified in any way in 37.4% cases, but 69.5% applied ear protection to patients. Labeling of ''MR compatibility'' of equipment brought into the MR scanner room was reported by 71.9%. More than 50% experienced MR compatibility issues related to equipment brought into the MR scanner room. With regard to safety issues on metallic objects which are implanted in MR workers, 88.1% indicated they would continue cers, 88.1% indicated they would continue current operations even the implant is inside the body. Respondents identified lectures and seminars by professional societies, safety training by manufacturers, and information from the Internet and literature as the 3 main sources for up-dating safety information for MR examination. (author)
Avasthi, Ajit K.; Varma, Vijoy K.; Nehra, Ritu; Das, Karobi
A self-administered questionnaire (SKAQ) in simple Hindi was constructed and standardized for assessing the knowledge and attitude of a north Indian population towards sex. SKAQ is a 55- item questionnaire split into two parts: a 35-item knowledge-part with dichotomous choice of responses and a 20-item attitude-part scorable on 3-point Likert scale. Higher scores indicated a better knowledge and a liberal attitude. Its test-retest reliability was established and discriminant validity demonstr...
Patient Safety Culture: Nurses' Attitude in Marvdasht Shahid Motahary Hospital, 1392
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Zarei M
Full Text Available Objectives:Improving the safety culture has been implemented as a key strategy to improve patient safety in health care systems. Several surveys have shown that assessment of patient safety attitude and examining to what extent these attitudes exist could be used as an effective tool for promoting patient safety and such data meet the managers' information needs over time. Thus, considering the importance of patient safety as a basic principle in improving the quality of clinical services and patient satisfaction, this study was aimed to examine nurse's attitudes towards the safety culture. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study the study population included nurses who were working in Marvdasht Shahid Motahary hospital, 2013. The sample size was selected by using a stratified randomization method as 114. The data were collected through HSOPSC questionnaire that has been introduced by the Health Care Research and Quality agency in 2004. The questionnaire is composed of eight parts. One part is about demographic and career information and other parts are about different dimensions of the patient safety culture. The collected data were then analyzed using the SPSS software and descriptive statistical tests. Results: The obtained results showed that the manager and supervisor expectations and actions in order to promote patient safety and the overall understanding of patient safety dimensions received the highest rating. On the other hand, staffing and non-punitive response to errors dimensions received the lowest score among the 12 dimensions of patient safety culture. Nonetheless, 44% of the studied population considered the patient safety status in their units as acceptable. However, 39% of the population had not reported any errors in the past 12 months. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the need to improve the safety culture at different dimensions seems necessary. Also, the culture of error reporting without any fear of censure or punishment should be institutionalized in future.
Development of a questionnaire to assess maternal attitudes towards infant growth and milk feeding practices
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Schiff Annie
Full Text Available Abstract Background There is increasing recognition that public health strategies to prevent childhood obesity need to start early in life. Any behavioural interventions need to target maternal attitudes and infant feeding practices, This paper describes the development and preliminary validation of a questionnaire to assess maternal attitudes towards infant growth and milk feeding practices. Methods We designed a 57-item (19 questions, self-administered questionnaire to measure the following four domains- 1 type of milk feeding, decision making and sources of advice; 2 frequency and quantity of milk feeds; 3 attitudes to infant feeding and growth; and 4 theory-based beliefs about following infant feeding recommendations. Forty mothers completed the questionnaire on two occasions six days apart (to assess test-retest reliability and then participated in a semi-structured, open-ended telephone interview covering the same domains (to assess criterion validity. Percentage agreement, Cohen's Kappas (for categorical variables and Spearman's correlation coefficients (for continuous variables were used to quantify reliability and validity. Internal consistency between theory-based constructs (self-efficacy, outcome expectancy and intention was quantified by Chronbach's alpha. Results Of the 57 questionnaire items 51 (89% had percentage agreement above 70% indicating good test-retest reliability, and the remaining 6 items had moderate or substantial levels of agreement (kappa 0.41-0.68. Comparing questionnaire with interview coding (validity, percentage agreement was above 66% for 39/57 items (68%. Of the 16 items with percentage agreement below 66%, only five had kappa values below 0.20 (two items had insufficient interview responses. Internal consistency was 0.51, 0.79 and 0.90 for self-efficacy, outcome expectancy and intention respectively. Conclusions This questionnaire could be a useful tool in understanding the determinants of infant feeding and the 'causal mechanism' of interventions that target infant feeding practices to prevent early obesity.
The aspect of personnel metal attitude in the production safety
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The occurrence of an accident could always be traced to component/system failures and/or human error. The two factors are closely related to competency of the personnel's involved, in which mental attitude is a decisive factor. Furthermore mental attitude could be viewed as an element of Safety (S) Culture. Consequently, S. Culture could might created or at lea ts, be enhanced by the introduction of appropriate values, norms, as well as attitudes. The ABC and TBC of safety norm have been discussed briefly. Whereas mental attitude has been defined and discussed in detail and graded into six levels, namely: attending, responding, complying, accepting, preferring, and integrating. To assure highest level of safety, personnel must achieve integrating level of attitude, in the sense that he would merely do an action on the basis of safety values and/or norms prevailing in the system, not due to external pressure. Furthermore, considering the work as a physical and an emotional activity resulting in stress and strain on the body, Karate exercises have been promoted as an alternative for enhancing mental attitude by means of reducing personnel vulnerability to strain and stress. This method is accomplished by exploiting Roux's Low of conditioning effect and by implementation of an in-depth understanding on the spiritual aspect of Karate. It is concluded that in the field of production safety, there is a positive correlation between Karate, mental attitude, competence, performance, quality, and safety
Psychiatrists' attitudes towards autonomy, best interests and compulsory treatment in anorexia nervosa: a questionnaire survey
Stewart Anne; Fitzpatrick Raymond; Doll Helen A; Tan Jacinta OA; Hope Tony
Abstract Background The compulsory treatment of anorexia nervosa is a contentious issue. Research suggests that psychiatrists have a range of attitudes towards patients suffering from anorexia nervosa, and towards the use of compulsory treatment for the disorder. Methods A postal self-completed attitudinal questionnaire was sent to senior psychiatrists in the United Kingdom who were mostly general adult psychiatrists, child and adolescent psychiatrists, or psychiatrists with an interest in ea...
Body image during pregnancy: an evaluation of the suitability of the body attitudes questionnaire
Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew; Skouteris Helen; Watson Brittany; Hill Briony
Abstract Background Available data suggest that body dissatisfaction is common during pregnancy and may even be a precursor to post-natal depression. However, in order to accurately identify at-risk women, it is essential to first establish that body image measures function appropriately in pregnant populations. Our study examines the suitability of the Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ) for measuring body dissatisfaction among pregnant women by comparing the psychometric functioning of the B...
Knowledge and attitudes towards food safety among Canadian dairy producers.
Young, I; Hendrick, S; Parker, S; Raji?, A; McClure, J T; Sanchez, J; McEwen, S A
The Canadian dairy industry has recently begun implementing an on-farm food-safety (OFFS) program called Canadian Quality Milk (CQM). For CQM to be effective, producers should be familiar with food-safety hazards in their industry and have an adequate understanding of on-farm good production practices that are necessary to ensure safe food. To assess their knowledge and attitudes towards food safety, a postal questionnaire was administered to all (n=10,474) Canadian dairy producers enrolled in dairy herd-improvement organizations in 2008. The response rate was 20.9% (2185/10,474). Most producers (88.7%) reported that they or their families consume unpasteurized milk from their bulk milk tanks and 36.3% indicated that consumers should be able to purchase unpasteurized milk in Canada. Producers who reported completion of a dairy-health management course (OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.60, 0.92) and participation in CQM (OR=0.79, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.97) were less likely to support the availability of unpasteurized milk for consumers, while organic producers (OR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.27, 3.47), younger producers (aged practice. Two-thirds of producers (66.7%) were concerned that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) might preclude successful treatment of sick cattle. Producers who completed a dairy-health management course (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.69), organic producers (OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.69) and producers from Quebec compared to each other province were more likely to indicate concern about AMR. Most producers reported that Salmonella (74.2%) and Escherichia coli (73.0%) could be transmitted through contaminated beef or milk to humans, while most were not sure or did not think that Brucella (70.3%) and Cryptosporidium (88.5%) could be transmitted via these routes. Most producers did not perceive that any type of farm visitor has a high risk of introducing infectious agents into their herds. Producers rated veterinarians as very knowledgeable about OFFS (90.9% answered 4 or 5 on a five-point scale) and a favoured (73.1%) source of information about food safety. In contrast, only 13.2% and 30.2% of producers, respectively, indicated that consumers and government personnel are knowledgeable about OFFS. Targeted continuing education for dairy producers in Canada should address the major gaps in knowledge and attitudes towards food safety identified in this study, and veterinarians should be included as key knowledge-transfer informants. PMID:19962773
Assessment Of Validity And Reliability Of Team STEPPS Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire (T-TAQ In Iran
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Minoo Najafi
Full Text Available Background and Aim: Collaboration within and between healthcare teams facilitates effective healthcare provision. Fundamental strategies in effective healthcare services focus on collaboration and teamwork. This study was an attempt to assess reliability and validity of Team STEPPS Teamwork Attitudes Questionnaire (T-TAQ in Iranian context. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Iran in 2012. Delphi method was applied and the questionnaire was submitted to 11 experts in 2 rounds to determine its face and content validity. Besides, it was translated and back translated to determine external validity. To estimate the reliability of the instrument, test-retest method was used. A sample of 67 medical and nursing senior students was stratified from Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS. T-TAQ is a questionnaire having 30 questions in 5 themes. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS13. Results: The content, face and external validity of the tool were approved by Iranian experts. Meanwhile, applying Cronbach's alpha, total reliability was estimated to be 0.80; moreover, the ICC turned out to be 0.8. Conclusion : Since the validity and reliability of this instrument are confirmed in an Iranian context, it can be used to measure attitude regarding teamwork in this context.
Methodological issues and pitfalls of short safety culture questionnaires:
Jagtman, H. M.; Koornneef, F.; Akselsson, R.; Stewart, S.
Safety culture surveys have been fielded in many different sectors of industrial activities. Many of these surveys consist of a long list of questions which is time consuming for the respondents. As part of the FP6 HILAS project a shorter survey has been developed, which aimed at getting a high response rate. The survey should give insights into employees' views about safety, safety culture and climate. It is aimed at identifying issues for improving safety performance in rapidly developing...
Body image during pregnancy: an evaluation of the suitability of the body attitudes questionnaire
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Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Matthew
Full Text Available Abstract Background Available data suggest that body dissatisfaction is common during pregnancy and may even be a precursor to post-natal depression. However, in order to accurately identify at-risk women, it is essential to first establish that body image measures function appropriately in pregnant populations. Our study examines the suitability of the Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ for measuring body dissatisfaction among pregnant women by comparing the psychometric functioning of the BAQ: (1 across key phases of pregnancy, and (2 between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Methods A total of 176 pregnant women from Melbourne, Victoria filled out a questionnaire battery containing demographic questions and the Body Attitudes Questionnaire at 16, 24, and 32 weeks during pregnancy. A comparison group of 148 non-pregnant women also completed the questionnaire battery at Time 1. Evaluations of the psychometric properties of the BAQ consisted of a series of measurement invariance tests conducted within a structural equation modelling framework. Results Although the internal consistency and factorial validity of the subscales of the BAQ were established across time and also in comparisons between pregnant and non-pregnant women, measurement invariance tests showed non-invariant item intercepts across pregnancy and also in comparison with the non-pregnant subgroup. Inspection of modification indices revealed a complex, non-uniform pattern of differences in item intercepts across groups. Conclusions Collectively, our findings suggest that comparisons of body dissatisfaction between pregnant and non-pregnant women (at least based on the BAQ are likely to be conflated by differential measurement biases that serve to undermine attempts to accurately assess level of body dissatisfaction. Researchers should be cautious in assessments of body dissatisfaction among pregnant women until a suitable measure has been established for use in this population. Given the fact that body dissatisfaction is often associated with maladaptive behaviours, such as unhealthy eating and extreme weight loss behaviours, and with ante-and post-natal depression, that have serious negative implications for women's health and well-being, and potentially also for the unborn foetus during pregnancy, developing a suitable body image screening tool, specific to the perinatal period is clearly warranted.
Do specialty registrars change their attitudes, intentions and behaviour towards reporting incidents following a patient safety course?
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Leistikow Ian P
Full Text Available Abstract Background Reporting incidents can contribute to safer health care, as an awareness of the weaknesses of a system could be considered as a starting point for improvements. It is believed that patient safety education for specialty registrars could improve their attitudes, intentions and behaviour towards incident reporting. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a two-day patient safety course on the attitudes, intentions and behaviour concerning the voluntary reporting of incidents by specialty registrars. Methods A patient safety course was designed to increase specialty registrars' knowledge, attitudes and skills in order to recognize and cope with unintended events and unsafe situations at an early stage. Data were collected through an 11-item questionnaire before, immediately after and six months after the course was given. Results The response rate at all three points in time assessed was 100% (n = 33. There were significant changes in incident reporting attitudes and intentions immediately after the course, as well as during follow-up. However, no significant changes were found in incident reporting behaviour. Conclusions It is shown that patient safety education can have long-term positive effects on attitudes towards reporting incidents and the intentions of registrars. However, further efforts need to be undertaken to induce a real change in behaviour.
Crash risk and aberrant driving behaviors among bus drivers: The role of personality and attitudes towards traffic safety.
Mallia, Luca; Lazuras, Lambros; Violani, Cristiano; Lucidi, Fabio
Several studies have shown that personality traits and attitudes toward traffic safety predict aberrant driving behaviors and crash involvement. However, this process has not been adequately investigated in professional drivers, such as bus drivers. The present study used a personality-attitudes model to assess whether personality traits predicted aberrant self-reported driving behaviors (driving violations, lapses, and errors) both directly and indirectly, through the effects of attitudes towards traffic safety in a large sample of bus drivers. Additionally, the relationship between aberrant self-reported driving behaviors and crash risk was also assessed. Three hundred and one bus drivers (mean age=39.1, SD=10.7 years) completed a structured and anonymous questionnaire measuring personality traits, attitudes toward traffic safety, self-reported aberrant driving behaviors (i.e., errors, lapses, and traffic violations), and accident risk in the last 12 months. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that personality traits were associated to aberrant driving behaviors both directly and indirectly. In particular altruism, excitement seeking, and normlessness directly predicted bus drivers' attitudes toward traffic safety which, in turn, were negatively associated with the three types of self-reported aberrant driving behaviors. Personality traits relevant to emotionality directly predicted bus drivers' aberrant driving behaviors, without any mediation of attitudes. Finally, only self-reported violations were related to bus drivers' accident risk. The present findings suggest that the hypothesized personality-attitudes model accounts for aberrant driving behaviors in bus drivers, and provide the empirical basis for evidence-based road safety interventions in the context of public transport. PMID:25823904
Development of Food Safety Psychosocial Questionnaires for Young Adults
Byrd-Bredbenner, C.; Wheatley, V.; Schaffner, D.; Bruhn, C.; Blalock, L.; Maurer, J.
Food mishandling is thought to be more acute among young adults; yet little is known about why they may engage in risky food handling behaviors. The purpose of this study was to create valid, reliable instruments for assessing key food safety psychosocial measures. Development of the measures began by examining published studies and behavior…
Prisoners' attitudes towards cigarette smoking and smoking cessation: a questionnaire study in Poland
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Konopa Krzysztof
Full Text Available Abstract Background In the last decade Poland has successfully carried out effective anti-tobacco campaigns and introduced tobacco control legislation. This comprehensive strategy has focused on the general population and has led to a considerable decrease in tobacco consumption. Prisoners constitute a relatively small part of the entire Polish population and smoking habits in this group have been given little attention. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking in Polish male prisoners, factors determining smoking in this group, prisoners' attitudes towards smoking cessation, and to evaluate prisoners' perception of different anti-tobacco measures. Methods An anonymous questionnaire including personal, demographic and smoking data was distributed among 944 male inmates. Of these, 907 men aged between 17 and 62 years (mean 32.3 years met the inclusion criteria of the study. For the comparison of proportions, a chi-square test was used with continuity correction whenever appropriate. Results In the entire group, 81% of the subjects were smokers, 12% – ex-smokers, and 7% – never smokers. Current smokers had significantly lower education level than non-smokers (p Conclusion The prevalence of cigarette smoking among Polish prisoners is high. However, a majority of smokers attempt to quit, and they should be encouraged and supported. Efforts to reduce cigarette smoking in prisons need to take into consideration the specific factors influencing smoking habits in prisons.
Direct and Indirect Employee Questionnaires for Assessing Patient Safety in Saudi Hospitals
Mohamed Z. RAMADAN; Khalid S. AL-SALEH
This paper provides information on the reliability and validity of direct and indirect employee questionnaires developed in a study of patient safety that examines the impact of human engineering intervention on both direct and indirect employees. Method: This paper describes the employee questionnaires, which survey various elements of the work system (e.g., heavy workload, inexperience/lack education, staffing issues, fatigue, inadequate technology, distractions, lack of vigilance, lack of ...
Insomniacs' attributions. psychometric properties of the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale and the Sleep Disturbance Questionnaire.
Espie, Ca; Inglis, Sj; Harvey, L.; Tessier, S.
OBJECTIVE: Mental overactivity has been widely implicated in the development and maintenance of insomnia, making the accurate and valid measurement of cognitive variables of some importance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of two existing attributional scales. METHODS: Data are presented from 178 clinic attending insomniacs who completed the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS) and the Sleep Disturbance Questionnaire (SDQ). Stan...
Online questionnaire development: Using film to engage participants and then gather attitudes towards the sharing of genomic data?
Middleton, A.; Bragin, E.; Morley, Ki; Parker, M.
How can a researcher engage a participant in a survey, when the subject matter may be perceived as 'challenging' or even be totally unfamiliar to the participant? The Genomethics study addressed this via the creation and delivery of a novel online questionnaire containing 10 integrated films. The films documented various ethical dilemmas raised by genomic technologies and the survey ascertained attitudes towards these. Participants were recruited into the research using social media, traditio...
Development and validation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4).
Schaefer, Lauren M; Burke, Natasha L; Thompson, J Kevin; Dedrick, Robert F; Heinberg, Leslie J; Calogero, Rachel M; Bardone-Cone, Anna M; Higgins, Mary K; Frederick, David A; Kelly, Mackenzie; Anderson, Drew A; Schaumberg, Katherine; Nerini, Amanda; Stefanile, Cristina; Dittmar, Helga; Clark, Elizabeth; Adams, Zoe; Macwana, Susan; Klump, Kelly L; Vercellone, Allison C; Paxton, Susan J; Swami, Viren
The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3) and its earlier versions are measures designed to assess societal and interpersonal aspects of appearance ideals. Correlational, structural equation modeling, and prospective studies of the SATAQ-3 have shown consistent and significant associations with measures of body image disturbance and eating pathology. In the current investigation, the SATAQ-3 was revised to improve upon some conceptual limitations and was evaluated in 4 U.S. and 3 international female samples, as well as a U.S. male sample. In Study 1, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for a sample of women from the Southeastern United States (N = 859) indicated a 22-item scale with 5 factors: Internalization: Thin/Low Body Fat, Internalization: Muscular/Athletic, Pressures: Family, Pressures: Media, Pressures: Peers. This scale structure was confirmed in 3 independent and geographically diverse samples of women from the United States (East Coast N = 440, West Coast N = 304, and North/Midwest N = 349). SATAQ-4 scale scores demonstrated excellent reliability and good convergent validity with measures of body image, eating disturbance, and self-esteem. Study 2 replicated the factorial validity, reliability, and convergent validity of the SATAQ-4 in an international sample of women drawn from Italy, England, and Australia (N = 362). Study 3 examined a sample of college males from the United States (N = 271); the 5-factor solution was largely replicated, yet there was some evidence of an underlying structure unique to men. Future research avenues include additional item testing and modification of the scale for men, as well as adaptation of the measure for children and adolescents. PMID:25285718
Psychiatrists' attitudes towards autonomy, best interests and compulsory treatment in anorexia nervosa: a questionnaire survey
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Stewart Anne
Full Text Available Abstract Background The compulsory treatment of anorexia nervosa is a contentious issue. Research suggests that psychiatrists have a range of attitudes towards patients suffering from anorexia nervosa, and towards the use of compulsory treatment for the disorder. Methods A postal self-completed attitudinal questionnaire was sent to senior psychiatrists in the United Kingdom who were mostly general adult psychiatrists, child and adolescent psychiatrists, or psychiatrists with an interest in eating disorders. Results Respondents generally supported a role for compulsory measures under mental health legislation in the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa. Compared to 'mild' anorexia nervosa, respondents generally were less likely to feel that patients with 'severe' anorexia nervosa were intentionally engaging in weight loss behaviours, were able to control their behaviours, wanted to get better, or were able to reason properly. However, eating disorder specialists were less likely than other psychiatrists to think that patients with 'mild' anorexia nervosa were choosing to engage in their behaviours or able to control their behaviours. Child and adolescent psychiatrists were more likely to have a positive view of the use of parental consent and compulsory treatment for an adolescent with anorexia nervosa. Three factors emerged from factor analysis of the responses named: 'Support for the powers of the Mental Health Act to protect from harm'; 'Primacy of best interests'; and 'Autonomy viewed as being preserved in anorexia nervosa'. Different scores on these factor scales were given in terms of type of specialist and gender. Conclusion In general, senior psychiatrists tend to support the use of compulsory treatment to protect the health of patients at risk and also to protect the welfare of patients in their best interests. In particular, eating disorder specialists tend to support the compulsory treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa independently of views about their decision-making capacity, while child and adolescent psychiatrists tend to support the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa in their best interests where decision-making is impaired.
Culture and safety culture: Individual and collective attitudes
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper deals with some of the recommendations made in INSAG-4, those placing most importance on certain individual and collective attitudes important for safety. The modest bibliography which begins this communication, places these attitudes into a wider context which must be accounted for if effective safety measures are to take care of the irrational or non-Cartesian side of our actions, communication activities and thoughts. The purpose is to provide a fuller description of the ways in which people ensure safety by focusing on their know-how, the communication activities needed for their activity and the learned and unconscious mechanisms governing the actions determined by the temporal and organizational context in which these people find themselves. Similarly, the validity of their final judgement on the quality of the installation and the availability of the safeguard systems depends on the methods used to transfer and compile information. Knowledge of the transfer methods and the points at which the information becomes blocked could be helpful. (author)
Patient attitudes to clinical trials: development of a questionnaire and results from asthma and cancer patients.
Jenkinson, C.; Burton, Js; Cartwright, J.; Magee, H.; Hall, I.; Alcock, C.; Burge, S.
OBJECTIVE: To develop a questionnaire to assess patients' views of clinical trials, and to report the results from the questionnaire in two patient groups: asthma and cancer. DESIGN: A 43 item questionnaire asking patients about their views to clinical trials was developed on the basis of interviews with trialists and focus groups with patients. The questionnaire was mailed to patients with a diagnosis of either asthma or cancer. A set of items was then selected, via statistical analyses, to ...
Bearing Multilingual Parameters in Mind when Designing a Questionnaire on Attitudes: Does This Affect the Results?
Lasagabaster, David
Although the presence of three (or even more) languages in the curriculum is an expanding phenomenon in Europe, brought about by the concurrence of regionalisation and internationalisation, the number of research studies tackling the analysis of attitudes towards multilingualism is very limited. By examining the attitudes towards Basque, Spanish…
Psychometric Properties of a Standardized Questionnaire of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Iranian Medical Specialists about Viral Hepatitis
Ghasemi, Shahin; Kabir, Ali; Ansari Jafari, Mojtaba; Jalali, Mohammad; Amini, Afshin; Faghihi-Kashani, Amir Hossein; Alavian, Seyed Moayed
Background Good knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of the physicians allow them to handle their patients in such a way that they prevent themselves from contracting, and their patients from spreading, the infection. However, the Iranian standardized KAP questionnaire of physicians about viral hepatitis is not available. So, we developed a standard questionnaire. Objectives The purpose of this study was to provide a standard questionnaire as a basic tool for assessment of the present situation of the KAP of clinicians. It can also be used for evaluating educational programs and interventions on physicians in addition to any trends in their KAP about viral hepatitis. Patients and Methods In order to design and standardize a 29-item self-administered questionnaire, we developed a cross sectional pilot study on 60 Iranian physicians. Ten experts in the field of liver diseases and/or designing the questionnaire answered questions about its validity. Cronbach's Alpha (on 60 physicians that participated in a congress) and factor analysis (on 370 persons; participants of two viral hepatitis congresses in Tehran and Zanjan and physicians of two university hospitals in Ahvaz) were used in the analysis. Results Reliability was 0.7 according to Cronbach's Alpha score. Face validity was higher than 80%. Content validity of the whole parts of the questionnaire was 96.25% for clarity, 91.56% for relevancy, 96.25% for simplicity and 98.44% for consistency of each question with the questions' set. Factor analysis showed that 13 components account for 67.4% of the total variance. Conclusions This study provided evidence that our questionnaire is a feasible, valid and reliable measure of physicians' KAP status in Iran. The factor analysis did not reveal a strong cluster structure. This questionnaire should be interpreted as a one-dimensional element by the sum of all items, rather than a multi-dimensional instrument. PMID:23443850
Factor structure of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (Form A) and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire: an exploratory study.
Chioqueta, Andrea P; Stiles, Tore C
The factor structure of the Norwegian version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire was investigated with a sample of 344 male military recruits. Principal factor analyses with promax rotation indicated four factors for the former, labeled Performance Evaluation, Need for Approval, Autonomous Attitude, and Perfectionism which accounted for 15.5%, 3.6%, 2.6%, and 2.5% of the total variance, respectively. Two factors comprised the latter. Factor 1 was labeled Negative Self-concept and Personal Maladjustment and accounted for 40% of the total variance, and Factor 2 was labeled Desire for Change and Negative Expectations and accounted for 6.3% of the total variance. The findings may be useful in identifying the specific dysfunctional beliefs and negative automatic thoughts exhibited by military recruits. Such information can also contribute to the development of more effective treatment interventions. PMID:17037474
Clinic-based screening for domestic violence: use of a child safety questionnaire
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Sisk Doris J
Full Text Available Abstract Background Domestic violence affects many women during their lifetime. Children living in homes where they are or have been exposed to violence are at increased risk for adverse outcomes. The American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Practice, and the American College of Obstetrics/Gynecology have recently joined in recommending routine screening of all families for the presence of domestic violence. We present our experience with an office-based domestic violence screening questionnaire. Methods A series of four child safety questionnaires (designed for parents of infant, preschool-age, school-age, and adolescent patients, which included specific questions about domestic violence, was given to all mothers presenting to a university out-patient general pediatric clinic. The questionnaires, offered in both English and Spanish, were reviewed for the presence of domestic violence exposure, usually at the time of the clinic visit. The number of women who reported either current or past exposure to domestic violence as disclosed by this active screening process was compared to the number discovered prior to the use of these questionnaires. Results Prior to the use of active screening with a child safety questionnaire, five cases of domestic violence were identified in our clinic population of approximately 5000 children over a 3 month period. Active screening of this population with a parent questionnaire resulted in the identification of 69 cases of current domestic violence exposure (2% of those screened during each of 2 years of screening. Use of the child safety questionnaire was associated with a significantly increased odds of detecting current domestic violence (OR = 3.6, 95% CI [1.4, 9.1], P = 0.007, with 72% [26–84%] of the cases identified being attributable to the use of the questionnaire. Of children screened, 2% were currently exposed to domestic violence, and 13% had been exposed to past domestic violence. Thus a total of 15% of our patient population has been exposed to domestic violence in their homes. Conclusion Children in our clinic population are frequently exposed to domestic violence. Active screening for the presence of current or past domestic violence through the use of a parent questionnaire resulted in a significant increase in our ability to identify such families and provide appropriate referral information.
Influence of parental attitudes towards Internet use on the employment of online safety measures at home.
Floros, Georgios; Siomos, Konstantinos; Dafouli, Evaggelia; Fisoun, Virginia; Geroukalis, Dimitrios
In this paper we present the results of a cross-sectional study of the entire adolescent student population aged 12-18 of the island of Kos and their parents, on Internet safety-related practices and attitudes towards the Internet. Total sample was 2017 students and 1214 parent responders. Research material included extended demographics and an Internet security questionnaire, the Internet Attitudes Scale (IAS) for parents and the Adolescent Computer Addiction Test (ACAT) for children and both parents. Both parents thus provided their views on their children's computer use and an estimate for their degree of computer addiction which was tested against their child's self-report. Results indicated that fathers and mothers who had negative views of the Internet, tended to encourage less their children to engage in online activities and worried more for the possibility that their child is addicted to computer use; their worries weren't correlated with their children's results. Parental views on the Internet had no effect on the level of security precautions they employed at home. Those parents who reported a low level of security knowledge and were unsure as to what their children were doing online, tended to consider their children more likely to be addicted to computer use; those views were confirmed by their children' self-reported results. PMID:22954830
Direct and Indirect Employee Questionnaires for Assessing Patient Safety in Saudi Hospitals
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Mohamed Z. RAMADAN
Full Text Available This paper provides information on the reliability and validity of direct and indirect employee questionnaires developed in a study of patient safety that examines the impact of human engineering intervention on both direct and indirect employees. Method: This paper describes the employee questionnaires, which survey various elements of the work system (e.g., heavy workload, inexperience/lack education, staffing issues, fatigue, inadequate technology, distractions, lack of vigilance, lack of adherence to medical administration policies, time constraints, and patient safety climate, the care process, and employee outcomes (e.g., job satisfaction, stress, perceived quality and safety of care provided. Data from a sample of 932 direct staff members and 99 indirect members were used to examine reliability, convergent validity, and predictive validity. Results: The two groups were different on three of the four groups of variables: measures of employee training and education, measures of reactions to medical errors occurred, and measures of participation to decision making related to medical errors. Managers had more positive perceptions of medical staff participation to decision making than medical staff believe. Medical staff was more satisfied with their job and reported significant fewer errors than manager staff claimed. Finally, managers felt that they offered significantly sufficient training programs to the medical staff than medical staff believed. Conclusion: The results provided evidence for the reliability and validity of the study's employee questionnaires.
Survey Result for the Safety Culture Attitude of HANARO in 2008
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
One of the important aims of a nuclear management system is to foster a strong safety culture. The safety culture activities for HANARO have been implemented and the importance of safety management in nuclear activities has also been emphasized since its first operation. HANARO developed its own safety culture indicators by referring to the IAEA's documents for the purpose of the evaluation of the safety culture attitude. In June 2008 a survey on the safety culture was conducted based on the new safety culture indicators. The result of the survey shows that the safety culture activities contribute positively to its safe operation. But it is necessary to encourage some activities like training, resources and organizational culture. The survey was helpful to understand the general trends of the safety attitudes and to set the safety culture activities necessary for the improvement of its safe operation
Contractors' Attitude towards Enhancing Safety Performance: Case Study on Construction Firms in Penang
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Ulang N. Md
Full Text Available A qualitative study was conducted to investigate the contractors' attitude towards enhancing the safety performance in construction site. Despite the fact that there are many safety initiatives established by the government, the rates of accidents are still in a critically high condition. Thus the purpose of this research is to study the contractors' attitude towards enhancing the implementation of safety management system in construction site in order to increase the safety awareness of construction practitioners in construction site and improve the safety condition of construction sites. This study is conducted through oral interviews with the construction practitioners, and visual inspection of construction sites. The attitudes of contractors are evaluated from 3 aspects: Contractors' efforts in implement and enforce the safety rules, Contractors efforts in overcoming the rate of accidents, and Reasons given by the contractors for not implement safety law.
The 5th questionnaire report of safety control on instrument in nuclear medicine laboratory
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The questionnaire was done every three years from 1986 for the ultimate purpose of safe medical examinations and this 5th one was performed in May, 1998 for the period of April, 1995-March, 1998. Subjects were 1,258 nuclear medicine facilities and answers were obtained in 81.6%. Questionnaire concerned the personnel involved in nuclear medical examinations, instruments, accidents occurred, matters possibly leading to accident, improvement in safety control, serious trouble and breakage of the instrument, request for the instrument manufacturers and so on. Summaries were: numbers of medical radiology technicians were increased, in vitro tests were decreased, SPECT instruments came into wide use, in accident and improvement cases, examination beds were arousing much interest, concerns to examine were further required, communication with the manufacturers was insufficient, and problems for Y2K were pointed out to be resolved. (K.H.)
Online questionnaire development: using film to engage participants and then gather attitudes towards the sharing of genomic data.
Middleton, A; Bragin, E; Morley, K I; Parker, M
How can a researcher engage a participant in a survey, when the subject matter may be perceived as 'challenging' or even be totally unfamiliar to the participant? The Genomethics study addressed this via the creation and delivery of a novel online questionnaire containing 10 integrated films. The films documented various ethical dilemmas raised by genomic technologies and the survey ascertained attitudes towards these. Participants were recruited into the research using social media, traditional media and email invitation. The film-survey strategy was successful: 11,336 initial hits on the survey website led to 6944 completed surveys. Participants included from those who knew nothing of the subject matter through to experts in the field of genomics (61% compliance rate), 72% of participants answered every single question. This paper summarises the survey design process and validation methods applied. The recruitment strategy and results from the survey are presented elsewhere. PMID:24468445
General practitioners and carers: a questionnaire survey of attitudes, awareness of issues, barriers and enablers to provision of services
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Atkins Christine
Full Text Available Abstract Background Approximately one in ten of the UK population are unpaid carers supporting a family member or friend who could not manage without their help, saving the UK economy an estimated Ł87 billion. This role is known to sometimes have a negative impact on carers and to require support both informally and from statutory services. General practice is a first point of contact for carers but research investigating general practitioners' (GPs' attitudes towards carers and awareness of issues facing carers is rare. This study therefore aimed to identify GPs' attitudes, awareness of issues, and perceptions of the barriers and enablers to provision of services. Methods Using a self-completion questionnaire distributed at a series of workshops, this study investigates GPs' attitudes to carers; awareness and knowledge of carers' issues; services offered in general practice and barriers to supporting carers. Results Seventy eight out of a total of 95 GPs (82% response rate from a variety of areas in England completed the questionnaires. The GPs identified time, resources and lack of knowledge as barriers, but only 9% agreed with the statement that there is little support they can offer carers. However, nine in ten GPs (89% feel they have insufficient training here and approximately half of them (47% lack confidence that they are meeting carers' needs. Confidence in identifying carers is also low (45%. Issues that GPs would look out for amongst carers include emotional and physical health problems and financial and isolation difficulties. GPs specifically highlighted educational and isolation issues for young carers. Few services were described that targeted carers. Conclusions GPs recognise that they have an important role to play in supporting carers but would like training and support. Further investigation is needed both to determine how best to train and facilitate GPs and general practice teams in their role in supporting carers and to identify what carers need and want from general practice. Identifying carers' leads or carers' champions amongst practice staff is possibly one way forward. Given the proposed greater commissioning role for primary care, greater understanding here is particularly important.
The 7th questionnaire report of safety control in nuclear medicine
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The questionnaire has been done every three years from 1986 for the ultimate purpose of safe medical examinations and this 7th one was performed for the objective period of April 1, 2001-March 31, 2004. Subjects were 1,275 nuclear medicine facilities and answers were obtained in 77.2%. Questionnaire concerned the personnel involved in nuclear medical examinations (qualifications/medical doctor, pharmacist and radiology technologist and others), instruments (an additional investigation in the present period was conducted on PET/CT with cyclotron and automatic synthesis equipment and on SPECT/CT), accidents experienced, matters possibly leading to accident, improvement in safety control, serious trouble and breakage of the instrument, requests for the instrument manufacturers and so on. Results were: qualified radiology technologists amounted to 70% and doctors, 20%; personnel number for tests in vitro tended decreased; SPECT-camera with 2 detectors increased and with 1, obviously decreased; PET and related equipments greatly increased; check rate for imaging instruments was about 80%; gamma cameras were used over their maximum time limits recommended by manufacturers; actual accidents at examination increased but were not serious; improvements of instruments for safety sensor and of operation to avoid errors were required; mind for preventing accident was improved; many requests for the manufacturers were proposed. (author)
The 6th questionnaire report of safety control in nuclear medicine
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The questionnaire has been done every three years from 1986 for the ultimate purpose of safe medical examinations and this 6th one was performed for the objective period of April 1, 1998-March 31, 2001. Subjects were 1,254 nuclear medicine facilities and answers were obtained in 86.2%. Questionnaire concerned the personnel involved in nuclear medical examinations (medical doctors and pharmacists as well as radiology technologists), instruments (an investigation was additionally conducted on Anger-type camera), accidents experienced, matters possibly leading to accident, improvement in safety control, serious trouble and breakage of the instrument, requests for the instrument manufacturers and so on. Summaries were: numbers of medical radiology technologist increased and a considerable and small number of doctors and pharmacists, respectively, were found involved; tests in vitro were decreased; SPECT-camera with 2 or 3 detectors increased; check rate for imaging instruments was about 80%; cases of actual and possible accident increased but not serious; improvements for automatic operation and of safety sensor were required; mind for preventing accident was important; many requests for the manufacturers were proposed. (K.H.)
Validation of the Portuguese version of the Lithium Attitudes Questionnaire (LAQ in bipolar patients treated with lithium: cross-over study
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Stein Airton
Full Text Available Abstract Background Poor adherence to lithium is very common in bipolar patients and it is a frequent cause of recurrence during prophylactic treatment. Several reports suggest that attitudes of bipolar patients interfere with adherence to lithium. The Lithium Attitudes Questionnaire (LAQ is a brief questionnaire developed as a means of identifying and grouping the problems patients commonly have with taking lithium regularly. The original version is validated in patients, but a validated version in Portuguese is not yet available. Methods One-hundred six patients with bipolar disorder (DSM-IV criteria criteria under lithium treatment for at least one month were assessed using LAQ. LAQ is a brief questionnaire administered under interview conditions, which includes 19 items rating attitudes towards prophylactic lithium treatment. We analysed the internal consistency, concurrent validity, sensitivity and specificity of the Portuguese version of LAQ. Results The internal consistency, evaluated by Cronbach's alpha was 0.78. The mean total LAQ score was 4.1. Concurrent validity was confirmed by a negative correlation between plasma lithium concentration and total LAQ score (r = -0,198; p = 0.048. We analysed the scale's discriminative capacity revealing a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 71% in the identification of negative attitudes of bipolar patients. Conclusion The psychometric assessment of the Portuguese version of LAQ showed good internal consistency, sensitivity and specificity. The results were similar to the original version in relation to attitudes of bipolar patients towards lithium therapy.
Food Safety Attitudes in College Students: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of a Conceptual Model
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Peter Pribis
Full Text Available College students are one of the most at-risk population groups for food poisoning, due to risky food safety behaviors. Using the Likert Scale, undergraduate students were asked to participate in a Food Safety Survey which was completed by 499 students ages 18–25. Data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS statistical software. Four conceptual definitions regarding food safety were defined as: general food safety, bacterial food safety, produce food safety, and politics associated with food safety. Knowledge seems to be an important factor in shaping students attitudes regarding general and bacterial safety. Ethnicity plays a role in how people view the politics of food safety, and the safety of organic foods.
Food Safety Attitudes in College Students: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of a Conceptual Model
Booth, Rachelle; Hernandez, Magaly; Baker, Erica L.; Grajales, Tevni; Pribis, Peter
College students are one of the most at-risk population groups for food poisoning, due to risky food safety behaviors. Using the Likert Scale, undergraduate students were asked to participate in a Food Safety Survey which was completed by 499 students ages 18–25. Data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS statistical software. Four conceptual definitions regarding food safety were defined as: general food safety, bacterial food safety, produce food safety, and politics associated with food safety. Knowledge seems to be an important factor in shaping students attitudes regarding general and bacterial safety. Ethnicity plays a role in how people view the politics of food safety, and the safety of organic foods. PMID:23364131
Youth Attitude to Noise Scale (YANS questionnaire adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese Adaptaçăo para o portuguęs brasileiro do questionário: Youth Attitude to Noise Scale (YANS
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Angela Maria Fontana Zocoli
Full Text Available The growing exposure of teenagers to environmental noise and music has generated interest in studies about the impact of such exposure, as well as the measures taken in these situations. Therefore, it is fundamental to use a valid and reliable instrument. AIM: to validate a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Youth Attitude to Noise Scale questionnaire. STUDY DESIGN: cross-sectional, repeated measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Translation from English into Portuguese, pre-test, linguistic adaptation, review of grammar and idiomatic equivalence, and translation from Portuguese back to English. Instrument application. Retesting within 30 to 90 days. Measurement of the questions used following Likert's scale. Through factorial analysis, explanation for the connections among a set of variables. RESULTS: there was a match between translation and counter-translation. The questions were satisfactorily understood. The factorial analysis was well defined with the use of four factors. The instrument's reproducibility was proven by the 0.75 Cronback Alpha general index. CONCLUSIONS: Significant correlations, indicating the construction and content validity for its use, serving as a tool to assess the attitudes of the youth facing exposure to environmental noise or music.A crescente exposiçăo da populaçăo adolescente ao ruído ambiental e ŕ música tem gerado interesse de estudos sobre o impacto desta exposiçăo, bem como das atitudes tomadas frente a estas situaçőes. Portanto, é fundamental que seja utilizado um instrumento confiável e válido. OBJETIVO: Validar para a língua portuguesa, versăo do questionário Youth Attitude to Noise Scale. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Transversal, medidas repetidas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Traduçăo do idioma inglęs para o portuguęs, pré-teste, adaptaçăo linguística, revisăo da equivalęncia gramatical e idiomática, processo inverso de traduçăo do portuguęs para o inglęs. Aplicaçăo do instrumento. Realizaçăo do reteste, num prazo de 30 a 90 dias. Mediçăo das questőes utilizadas seguindo a escala de Likert. Através da análise fatorial, explicaçăo para a ligaçăo entre um conjunto de variáveis. RESULTADOS: Houve correspondęncia nas traduçőes e contratraduçőes. O entendimento das questőes foi satisfatório. A análise fatorial ficou bem definida com a adoçăo de quatro fatores. A reprodutibilidade do instrumento foi demonstrada pelo índice geral do Alfa de Cronbach de 0,75. CONCLUSŐES: Correlaçőes significativas, indicando a validade de construçăo e conteúdo para seu uso, servindo como instrumento na avaliaçăo das atitudes dos jovens diante da exposiçăo ao ruído ambiental ou ŕ música.
Youth Attitude to Noise Scale (YANS) questionnaire adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese / Adaptaçăo para o portuguęs brasileiro do questionário: Youth Attitude to Noise Scale (YANS)
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Angela Maria Fontana, Zocoli; Thais Catalani, Morata; Jair Mendes, Marques.
Full Text Available A crescente exposiçăo da populaçăo adolescente ao ruído ambiental e ŕ música tem gerado interesse de estudos sobre o impacto desta exposiçăo, bem como das atitudes tomadas frente a estas situaçőes. Portanto, é fundamental que seja utilizado um instrumento confiável e válido. OBJETIVO: Validar para a [...] língua portuguesa, versăo do questionário Youth Attitude to Noise Scale. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Transversal, medidas repetidas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Traduçăo do idioma inglęs para o portuguęs, pré-teste, adaptaçăo linguística, revisăo da equivalęncia gramatical e idiomática, processo inverso de traduçăo do portuguęs para o inglęs. Aplicaçăo do instrumento. Realizaçăo do reteste, num prazo de 30 a 90 dias. Mediçăo das questőes utilizadas seguindo a escala de Likert. Através da análise fatorial, explicaçăo para a ligaçăo entre um conjunto de variáveis. RESULTADOS: Houve correspondęncia nas traduçőes e contratraduçőes. O entendimento das questőes foi satisfatório. A análise fatorial ficou bem definida com a adoçăo de quatro fatores. A reprodutibilidade do instrumento foi demonstrada pelo índice geral do Alfa de Cronbach de 0,75. CONCLUSŐES: Correlaçőes significativas, indicando a validade de construçăo e conteúdo para seu uso, servindo como instrumento na avaliaçăo das atitudes dos jovens diante da exposiçăo ao ruído ambiental ou ŕ música. Abstract in english The growing exposure of teenagers to environmental noise and music has generated interest in studies about the impact of such exposure, as well as the measures taken in these situations. Therefore, it is fundamental to use a valid and reliable instrument. AIM: to validate a Brazilian Portuguese vers [...] ion of the Youth Attitude to Noise Scale questionnaire. STUDY DESIGN: cross-sectional, repeated measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Translation from English into Portuguese, pre-test, linguistic adaptation, review of grammar and idiomatic equivalence, and translation from Portuguese back to English. Instrument application. Retesting within 30 to 90 days. Measurement of the questions used following Likert's scale. Through factorial analysis, explanation for the connections among a set of variables. RESULTS: there was a match between translation and counter-translation. The questions were satisfactorily understood. The factorial analysis was well defined with the use of four factors. The instrument's reproducibility was proven by the 0.75 Cronback Alpha general index. CONCLUSIONS: Significant correlations, indicating the construction and content validity for its use, serving as a tool to assess the attitudes of the youth facing exposure to environmental noise or music.
Pharmacists' attitudes and awareness towards the use and safety of herbs in Kuwait.
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Abahussain NA
Full Text Available Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes among pharmacists in Kuwait towards the use of herbs. Methods: Self-administered questionnaire was designed as the study instrument and distributed among 100 qualified pharmacists working in government and private pharmacies in Kuwait.Results: The mean age was 34.2 (SD=7.5 years. About 51% of pharmacists reported they had used herbal therapy in their lifetime. The majority were interested in herbal information, and their herbal information came mainly from their previous classes during college. Although the pharmacists' knowledge about uses of selected herbs was good, their awareness about side effects of those herbs was modest. About 31% of the pharmacists did not have enough information about potential interactions between herbs and conventional medicines. Conclusion: Herbal information is needed for pharmacy students as part of the Pharmacy College curriculum. Continuing education programs for practising pharmacists about the safety of different herbal products should be established in Kuwait.
Influence of Education on Patient Safety: The Nurses' Attitude Improvement Perspective
Leila Azimi; Amir Ashkan Nasiripour; Mohammad Reza Maleki; Seyed Jamaledin Tabibi; Mahmood Mahmoodi
Background and Objectives: Medical Errors and adverse events have recently turned into one of the predominant concerns of health-policy makers and health services providers. Promoting safety culture is fundamental to sustainable safety improvement in healthcare settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of training on nurses' attitudes towards safety culture.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over the period of April to September 2011. The nursing staff in Sha...
Food Safety Attitude of Culinary Arts Based Students in Public and Private Higher Learning Institutions (IPT)
Mohd Onn Rashdi Abd Patah; Zuraini Mat Issa; Khamis Mohammad Nor
Food safety issue is not new in Malaysia as problems such as unsafe food handling, doubtful food preparation, food poisoning outbreaks in schools and education institutions and spreading of infectious food borne illness has been discussed by the public more often than before. The purpose of this study is to examine the food safety knowledge and attitude of culinary based students from four (4) public and private higher learning institutions (IPT) with prior knowledge on food safety, hygiene...
Healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes and skills regarding patient safety: a systematic literature review.
Brasaite, Indre; Kaunonen, Marja; Suominen, Tarja
The purpose of this literature review was to determine the extent of existing knowledge about healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes and skills related to patient safety. A systematic review was performed using two electronic databases: MEDLINE (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCO) for the period 2000-2012. The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed articles or empirical studies, published in English. The focus groups of the study were physicians, head nurses, nurses and nurse assistants. Altogether, 18 studies met the criteria and were included. Inductive content analysis was carried out to analyse and categorise the data. The investigated themes regarding healthcare professionals' knowledge of patient safety were their existing knowledge level, knowledge deficits and knowledge improvement. Results considered the target groups' overall attitudes to patient safety, attitudes to event reporting and safety attitude improvement. The investigations into healthcare professionals' skills included mathematical skills and those related to achieving patient safety. From this review, it is concluded that further research should be conducted into the investigation of healthcare professionals' knowledge and skills in patient safety. PMID:24708205
Sensitivity to social information, social referencing, and safety attitudes in a hazardous occupation.
McLain, David L
Social referencing, or seeking information cues from others, occurs when a worker must make sense of those aspects of work, like safety hazards, that are ambiguous. This is a central argument of Social Information Processing Theory (SIPT), a social referencing and job characteristics theory of work attitudes. Adapting SIPT to the understanding of safety perceptions and attitudes, this paper hypothesizes relationships between the worker's sensitivity to social information, the worker's social safety cognitions, and the worker's own safety attitudes. Findings from a field study of workers in a hazardous occupation, emergency care/firefighting, confirmed SIPT-predicted relationships among these factors: the worker's belief in management's willingness to provide a safe work environment, the degree of risk the worker associates with his or her job, the worker's concern about the frequency of exposure to hazards, and the worker's personal experiences with hazards. These findings also suggest that a social referencing and job characteristics perspective like SIPT provides a logical and useful theoretical framework for understanding workers' interpretations of safety conditions. This perspective also helps relate theories of safety attitudes to a broad set of theories of social information and organizational behavior. PMID:24933593
Knowledge, skills and attitude of evidence-based medicine among obstetrics and gynaecology trainees: a questionnaire survey
Jeve, Yadava Bapurao; Doshani, Angi; Singhal, Tanu; Konje, Justin
Objectives To determine current evidence-based medicine skills and practice among trainees. Design Questionnaire study. Setting Electronic survey was sent to all obstetrics and gynaecology trainees in East Midlands South Deanery, and responses collected were anonymous. Participants All obstetrics and gynaecology trainees in East Midland South Deanery. Main outcome measures Self-reported attitude, skills and knowledge in various components of evidence-based medicine. Results 69 trainees were included in the study of which 35 responded. Among all respondents, almost 72% of trainees use non-evidence-based methods to find answers for their clinical questions, whereas only 18% use appropriate evidence-based medicine practice for such queries. Just 35% of trainees have minimum skills of literature searching. Most of the trainees struggle to understand various components of evidence-based medicine. Nearly 80% of trainees do not have formal education or training with regard to evidence-based medicine. Conclusions This study highlights the inadequacy of evidence-based medicine skills among trainees and urges that evidence-based medicine be incorporated in formal training along with specialty study modules. PMID:24475342
Results of questionnaire to members of Japanese college of radiology. Their attitude and act for medical exposure
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper describes results of questionnaire conducted to members of Japanese College of Radiology (JCR) about their attitude and act for medical exposure. It asked, concerning medical exposure, about their attribute, attitude, education and knowledge, awareness at routine clinical practice and about occupational dose; was sent to 5,135 JCR members in September, 2011 for sending back within a month; and was replied by 1,177 members (22.9%), of which data were analyzed by chi-square distribution. Answered doctors (M/F of ca. 3/1, 30-59 years old) concerned with the actual practice (89.5%) for >10 years (ca. 67%) and >6 y (ca. 80) of imaging diagnosis (ca. 70%), radiotherapy (ca. 15) and nuclear medicine (300-bed hospital (ca. 70%). They were always or often aware of the medical exposure (>90%); their significantly high awareness was found in hospitals having >4 radiological doctors; and their awareness was significantly correlated with the population of their service area. They were also aware at CT (38%), IVR (interventional radiology) (27), radiotherapy (10) and PET (12), for patients of pediatrics (31%), of pregnancy-possible women (27), receiving frequent tests (30) and undergoing pelvic region imaging (12). Frequent questions to them arose from departments of nurse (28%), pediatrics (18), radiology (17), gynecology (13) and internal medicine (12); from patients often (5%), sometimes (28), rarely (55%) and null (12%). Significant relationship wand null (12%). Significant relationship was found between questions by patients and the bed number/number of radiological doctors/population of medical service area. About 90% of doctors joined the education and training course always, often, or sometimes and about 40% of whom recognized its effectiveness. For accumulated dose restriction, 69.8% of doctors thought negative for patients while 72.1%, positive for volunteers in clinical trials (significant). Doctors who didn't explained patients about the exposure were 16%. Those highly aware of exposure wore the protective lead apron and used other protection devices like screen at fluoroscopy. Thus most of radiological expert doctors aware of exposure take care of patients and themselves at their daily practice. (T.T.)
Attitude of Physicians towards the Follow-up of Renal Transplant Patients: A Questionnaire Survey in Saudi Arabia
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Souqiyyeh Muhammad
Full Text Available The goal of this study was to evaluate the attitude of the physicians towards the follow-up of the renal transplant patients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA. We sent a questionnaire to 168 physicians working in 148 active dialysis centers in the KSA. The study was conducted from June-October 2005. There were 140 physicians (83.3% who answered the questionnaire; they represented 136 (91.9% dialysis centers. There were 43 (31.2% respondents who had a transplant clinic for follow-up of transplant recipients. Of the 96 (69.1% who did not have a clinic, 29 (30.2% claimed expertise for follow-up of transplant recipients, six (6.2% had a laboratory set-up to monitor the immunosuppressive drug levels and 40 (44.4% felt the need for one. There were 121 (89% respondents who would consider the chronic renal failure (CRF patients for transplantation because it is the best form of therapy. Seventy-seven respondents (55% had a protocol for work-up of the CRF patients for transplantation, 31 (22.3% had a coordinator for the work-up of the transplant candidates, 34 (24.5% had regular meetings to decide on the waiting list for transplantation, and 51 (37.8% had affiliation with, or worked at a transplant center. Nevertheless, 127 (90.7% respondents believed that the results of renal transplantation were good enough to recommend the procedure to all patients as early as possible. There were 133 (97.1% respondents who believed that organ shortage was the major factor for the low percentage of renal transplantation. Only 52 (37.1% respondents knew about the recent regulations established by the World Health Organization (WHO for organ donation. There were 63 (48.1% respondents who believed that seeking commercial renal transplantation outside the KSA to be unacceptable because of the medical and ethical complications involved. Many respondents (71.4% from non-MOH hospitals, and those who had transplant clinics believed that the tacrolimus + mycophenolate combination was the most popular immunosuppressive regimen for renal transplant patients. Our survey suggests that the current practices concerning the work-up and follow-up of transplant patients in the dialysis centers in the KSA require refinement in terms of the need to enforce the use of a protocol to guide evaluation and therapy in each dialysis unit.
Assessing the status of airline safety culture and its relationship to key employee attitudes
Owen, Edward L.
The need to identify the factors that influence the overall safety environment and compliance with safety procedures within airline operations is substantial. This study examines the relationships between job satisfaction, the overall perception of the safety culture, and compliance with safety rules and regulations of airline employees working in flight operations. A survey questionnaire administered via the internet gathered responses which were converted to numerical values for quantitative analysis. The results were grouped to provide indications of overall average levels in each of the three categories, satisfaction, perceptions, and compliance. Correlations between data in the three sets were tested for statistical significance using two-sample t-tests assuming equal variances. Strong statistical significance was found between job satisfaction and compliance with safety rules and between perceptions of the safety environment and safety compliance. The relationship between job satisfaction and safety perceptions did not show strong statistical significance.
The Attitude of Civil Engineering Students towards Health and Safety Risk Management: A Case Study
Petersen, A. K.; Reynolds, J. H.; Ng, L. W. T.
The highest rate of accidents and injuries in British industries has been reported by the construction industry during the past decade. Since then stakeholders have recognised that a possible solution would be to inculcate a good attitude towards health and safety risk management in undergraduate civil engineering students and construction…
Pharmacists' attitudes and awareness towards the use and safety of herbs in Kuwait
Abahussain NA; Abahussain EA; Al-Oumi FM
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes among pharmacists in Kuwait towards the use of herbs. Methods: Self-administered questionnaire was designed as the study instrument and distributed among 100 qualified pharmacists working in government and private pharmacies in Kuwait.Results: The mean age was 34.2 (SD=7.5) years. About 51% of pharmacists reported they had used herbal therapy in their lifetime. The majority were interested in herbal informati...
Work ethics and general work attitudes in adolescents are related to quality of life, sense of coherence and subjective health – a Swedish questionnaire study
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Hĺkansson Anders
Full Text Available Abstract Background Working life is an important arena in most people's lives, and the working line concept is important for the development of welfare in a society. For young people, the period before permanent establishment in working life has become longer during the last two decades. Knowledge about attitudes towards work can help us to understand young people's transition to the labour market. Adolescents are the future workforce, so it seems especially important to notice their attitudes towards work, including attitudes towards the welfare system. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse upper secondary school students' work attitudes, and to explore factors related to these attitudes. Methods The sample consisted of 606 upper secondary school students. They all received a questionnaire including questions about quality of life (QOL, sense of coherence (SOC, subjective health and attitudes towards work. The response rate was 91%. A factor analysis established two dimensions of work attitudes. Multivariate analyses were carried out by means of logistic regression models. Results Work ethics (WE and general work attitudes (GWA were found to be two separate dimensions of attitudes towards work. Concerning WE the picture was similar regardless of gender or study programme. Males in theoretical programmes appeared to have more unfavourable GWA than others. Multivariate analyses revealed that good QOL, high SOC and good health were significantly related to positive WE, and high SOC was positively related to GWA. Being female was positively connected to WE and GWA, while studying on a practical programme was positively related to GWA only. Among those who received good parental support, GWA seemed more favourable. Conclusion Assuming that attitudes towards work are important to the working line concept, this study points out positive factors of importance for the future welfare of the society. Individual factors such as female gender, good QOL, high SOC and good health as well as support from both parents, positive experience of school and work contacts related positively to attitudes towards work. Further planning and supportive work have to take these factors into account.
Food Attitudes towards Food Safety Concept among Turkish University Students
Nihat Aycan; Suat Türko?uz; Özlem Toku?o?lu
This study investigated university students? food choices focusing on their reported usual intake and food safety perceptions and conducted at Manisa Celal Bayar University Engineering Faculty, Science and Art Faculty and Education Faculty students. The present study primary investigated how affects the storage style, manufacturing qualification, shelf life and food safety concept, advertisement effect on consuming, natural and fortificated foods to university students. Meanwhile, faculty dif...
Food Attitudes towards Food Safety Concept among Turkish University Students
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Nihat Aycan
Full Text Available This study investigated university students? food choices focusing on their reported usual intake and food safety perceptions and conducted at Manisa Celal Bayar University Engineering Faculty, Science and Art Faculty and Education Faculty students. The present study primary investigated how affects the storage style, manufacturing qualification, shelf life and food safety concept, advertisement effect on consuming, natural and fortificated foods to university students. Meanwhile, faculty differences, sex (male, female and age differences, living area, family features (parent living style, education, brother and sister number etc. of students were determined. In addition, consuming frequency of extensively consumed beverages (soft drinks, cola, tea, coffee, alcoholic drinks and bread as main consuming food were investigated based on sex and faculty criteria as daily, weekly, monthly.
Creation and Usability Testing of a Web-Based Pre-Scanning Radiology Patient Safety and History Questionnaire Set
Robinson, Tracy J.; Duvall, Scott; Wiggins, Richard
Recent advances in technology have significantly changed radiology workflow. The main focus of these changes has been the transition from hard copy film to digital imaging. The next transition will be a "paperless" transformation. Web-based versions of the current paper-based patient safety and history questionnaires were created using PHP and MySQL. Two rounds of usability testing using volunteers were completed using tablet PCs. Volunteers were comprised of ten individuals. Ages of volu...
Implicit attitudes and road safety behaviors. The helmet-use case.
Ledesma, Rubén D; Tosi, Jeremías; Poó, Fernando M; Montes, Silvana A; López, Soledad S
We studied the role of implicit attitudes on road safety behaviors. We also explored the methodological benefits of using implicit measures to complement conventional self-reporting instruments. The results suggest that: (a) implicit attitudes are capable of predicting observed differences in the use of protective devices (helmet use); (b) implicit attitudes correlate with the emotional component of the explicit attitudes (e.g., perception of comfort-discomfort), but appear to be independent of the more cognitive components (e.g., perceived benefits); (c) the emotional component of the explicit attitudes appears to be the major predictor of behavior; and (d) implicit measures seem to be more robust against social desirability biases, while explicit measure are more sensitive to such bias. We conclude that indirect and automatic measures serve as an important complement to conventional direct measures (self-reports) because they provide information on psychological processes that are qualitatively different (implicit) and can also be more robust when it comes to response bias. PMID:25838193
A qualitative exploration of patients' attitudes towards the 'Participate Inform Notice Know' (PINK) patient safety video.
Pinto, A.; Vincent, C.; Darzi, A.; Davis, R.
OBJECTIVE: To explore patients' attitudes towards the PINK video, a patient education video aimed at encouraging hospital patients' involvement in safety-relevant behaviours. DESIGN: Qualitative semi-structured interviews. Detailed field notes were taken during the interviews which were analysed using content analysis. SETTING: One National Health System (NHS) teaching hospital based in London, UK. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-six in-patients aged between 20 and 79 years, 18 of them males. INTERVENTI...
Differences in household attitudes on food defence and food safety: an international comparison
Stinson, Thomas F.; Albisu Aguado, Luis Miguel; Canavari, Maurizio; Larson, Ronald; Gracia Royo, Azucena
This paper reports results from a large, six-nation, internet-based survey of consumer attitudes toward food safety and food defence administered during the fall of 2008. Responses were obtained from separate samples of approximately 1,000 each in Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, the UK, and the USA. Food defence was generally a greater concern, and respondents were less confident that their food supply was well protected against terrorist attack than they were that their food was safe from c...
Patient safety and quality improvement education: a cross-sectional study of medical students' preferences and attitudes
Teigland Claire L; Blasiak Rachel C; Wilson Lindsay A; Hines Rachel E; Meyerhoff Karen L; Viera Anthony J
Abstract Background Recent educational initiatives by both the World Health Organization and the American Association of Medical Colleges have endorsed integrating teaching of patient safety and quality improvement (QI) to medical students. Curriculum development should take into account learners' attitudes and preferences. We surveyed students to assess preferences and attitudes about QI and patient safety education. Methods An electronic survey was developed through focus groups, literatu...
Do specialty registrars change their attitudes, intentions and behaviour towards reporting incidents following a patient safety course?
Leistikow Ian P; Zwart Dorien LM; Jansma José D; Kalkman Cor J; Wagner Cordula; Bijnen Arnold B
Abstract Background Reporting incidents can contribute to safer health care, as an awareness of the weaknesses of a system could be considered as a starting point for improvements. It is believed that patient safety education for specialty registrars could improve their attitudes, intentions and behaviour towards incident reporting. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of a two-day patient safety course on the attitudes, intentions and behaviour concerning the voluntary repor...
Cuestionario para evaluar en médicos conductas, conocimientos y actitudes sobre la higiene de manos Questionnaire to assess behavior, knowledge and attitudes on hand hygiene among physicians
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Joaquín González-Cabrera
Full Text Available Objetivo: La necesidad de generar instrumentos válidos y fiables para medir aspectos relacionados con la higiene de manos es importante para conocer la situación actual y el impacto de las acciones formativas en los profesionales. El objetivo principal del trabajo es validar un cuestionario sobre higiene de manos en médicos y analizar sus propiedades de la medida. Método: Estudio instrumental en el cual se elaboró un cuestionario que se aplicó entre enero de 2010 y marzo de 2011 en el Hospital Clínico San Cecilio (Granada. Éste constó finalmente de 44 ítems que evalúan la conducta del profesional médico antes y después del contacto con el paciente, los conocimientos declarativos y las actitudes sobre la higiene de manos. Se aplicó a 113 profesionales. Resultados: Tras realizar los análisis factoriales se obtuvieron datos que avalan la unidimensionalidad de la herramienta, con un valor de convergencia general que explica el 39,289% de la varianza total y un valor alfa de Cronbach para elementos tipificados de 0,784. Hay diferencias significativas entre la conducta de higiene de manos antes y después del contacto con el paciente (t=-8,991; p Objective: Valid and reliable instruments to measure aspects of hand hygiene are needed to determine the current situation and impact of training among health professionals. The main objective of this study was to describe the development of a questionnaire on hand hygiene among health professionals and to analyze the properties of this instrument. Method: A questionnaire was designed and implemented between January 2010 and March 2011 at the Hospital Clínico San Cecilio (Granada, Spain. The final questionnaire consisted of 44 items that assessed provider behavior before and after contact with the patient, declarative knowledge, and attitudes to hand hygiene. The questionnaire was administered to 113 health professionals. Results: A factor analysis was performed. Data were obtained that supported the unidimensionality of the instrument with a general convergence value that explained 39.289% of the total variance and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.784 for the established elements. Significant differences were found in hand hygiene behavior before and after contact with the patient (t=-8,991, p <0.001. Declarative knowledge and attitudes significantly predicted behavior. Conclusions: The questionnaire shows high internal consistency, reliability, and validity and is thus a valid tool to assess behavior, knowledge and attitudes related to hand hygiene in health professionals. This instrument also detects deficiencies in basic knowledge.
Pharmacists' attitudes and awareness towards the use and safety of herbs in Kuwait
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Nada A., Abahussain; Eman A., Abahussain; Fawaz M., Al-Oumi.
Full Text Available Objetivos: El propósito de este estudio fue investigar el conocimiento y actitudes entre los farmacéuticos en Kuwait hacia el uso de plantas medicinales. Métodos: Se diseńó un cuestionario auto-administrado como instrumento para el estudio y se distribuyó entre 100 farmacéuticos cualificados que tra [...] bajan en farmacias privadas y gubernamentales de Kuwait. Resultados: La edad media fue de 34,2 (DE=7,5) ańos. Alrededor del 51% de los farmacéuticos comunicaron que habían usado plantas medicinale sen su vida. La mayoría estaban interesados en la información sobre plantas medicinales, y su información sobre ellas venía principalmente de la enseńanza en la Universidad. Aunque el conocimiento de los farmacéuticos sobre los usos de las plantas seleccionadas era bueno, su conciencia sobre los efectos adversos era modesta. Alrededor del 31% de los farmacéuticos no tenía suficiente información sobre las posibles interacciones entre las plantas medicinales y los medicamentos convencionales. Conclusión: Se necesita información de plantas medicinales para los estudiantes de farmacia como parte del currículo de la facultad de Farmacia. Deberían establecerse en Kuwait programas de formación continuada para farmacéuticos en ejercicio sobre la seguridad de las diferentes plantas medicinales. Abstract in english Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes among pharmacists in Kuwait towards the use of herbs. Methods: Self-administered questionnaire was designed as the study instrument and distributed among 100 qualified pharmacists working in government and private p [...] harmacies in Kuwait. Results: The mean age was 34.2 (SD=7.5) years. About 51% of pharmacists reported they had used herbal therapy in their lifetime. The majority were interested in herbal information, and their herbal information came mainly from their previous classes during college. Although the pharmacists' knowledge about uses of selected herbs was good, their awareness about side effects of those herbs was modest. About 31% of the pharmacists did not have enough information about potential interactions between herbs and conventional medicines. Conclusion: Herbal information is needed for pharmacy students as part of the Pharmacy College curriculum. Continuing education programs for practising pharmacists about the safety of different herbal products should be established in Kuwait.
Development and validation of the Brazilian version of the Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire (AAQ: An example of merging classical psychometric theory and the Rasch measurement model
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Trentini Clarissa M
Full Text Available Abstract Background Aging has determined a demographic shift in the world, which is considered a major societal achievement, and a challenge. Aging is primarily a subjective experience, shaped by factors such as gender and culture. There is a lack of instruments to assess attitudes to aging adequately. In addition, there is no instrument developed or validated in developing region contexts, so that the particularities of ageing in these areas are not included in the measures available. This paper aims to develop and validate a reliable attitude to aging instrument by combining classical psychometric approach and Rasch analysis. Methods Pilot study and field trial are described in details. Statistical analysis included classic psychometric theory (EFA and CFA and Rasch measurement model. The latter was applied to examine unidimensionality, response scale and item fit. Results Sample was composed of 424 Brazilian old adults, which was compared to an international sample (n = 5238. The final instrument shows excellent psychometric performance (discriminant validity, confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch fit statistics. Rasch analysis indicated that modifications in the response scale and item deletions improved the initial solution derived from the classic approach. Conclusion The combination of classic and modern psychometric theories in a complementary way is fruitful for development and validation of instruments. The construction of a reliable Brazilian Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire is important for assessing cultural specificities of aging in a transcultural perspective and can be applied in international cross-cultural investigations running less risk of cultural bias.
The Use of Questionnaires in Safety Culture Studies in High Reliability Organizations. Literature Review and an Application in the Spanish Nuclear SectorThe Use of Questionnaires in Safety Culture Studies in High Reliability Organizations. Literature Review and an Application in the Spanish Nuclear Sector
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This report examines two aspects related to the use of questionnaires in safety culture research conducted in high reliability organizations. First, a literature review of recent studies that address safety culture through questionnaires is presented. Literature review showed that most studies used only questionnaires as a research technique, were cross-sectional, applied paper-based questionnaires, and were conducted in one type of high reliability organization. Second, a research project on safety culture that used electronic surveys in a sample of experts on safety culture is discussed. This project, developed by CISOT-CIEMAT research institute, was carry out in the Spanish nuclear sector and illustrates relevant aspects of the methodological design and administration processes that must be considered to encourage participation in the study.. (Author)This report examines two aspects related to the use of questionnaires in safety culture research conducted in high reliability organizations. First, a literature review of recent studies that address safety culture through questionnaires is presented. Literature review showed that most studies used only questionnaires as a research technique, were cross-sectional, applied paper-based questionnaires, and were conducted in one type of high reliability organization. Second, a research project on safety culture that used electronic surveys in a sample of experts on safety culture is discussed. This project, developed by CISOT-CIEMAT research institute, was carry out in the Spanish nuclear sector and illustrates relevant aspects of the methodological design and administration processes that must be considered to encourage participation in the study.. (Author)
The Use of Questionnaires in Safety Culture Studies in High Reliability Organizations. Literature Review and an Application in the Spanish Nuclear Sector
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This report examines two aspects related to the use of questionnaires in safety culture research conducted in high reliability organizations. First, a literature review of recent studies that address safety culture through questionnaires is presented. Literature review showed that most studies used only questionnaires as a research technique, were cross-sectional, applied paper-based questionnaires, and were conducted in one type of high reliability organization. Second, a research project on safety culture that used electronic surveys in a sample of experts on safety culture is discussed. This project, developed by CISOT-CIEMAT research institute, was carry out in the Spanish nuclear sector and illustrates relevant aspects of the methodological design and administration processes that must be considered to encourage participation in the study.. (Author)
Knowledge and attitudes of parents and professionals to neonatal BCG vaccination in light of recent UK policy changes: A questionnaire study
Gordon, Morris; Roberts, Hannah; Odeka, Egware
Background Universal BCG vaccination in the UK ended in 2005. The new vaccination policy instead offers a number of different forms of selective vaccination to newborns based on risk of acquiring TB. We set out to assess the attitudes and knowledge of both parents and professionals to the new policy for neonatal BCG vaccination. Methods A short questionnaire was designed, made up of demographic and attitude questions, as well as very basic knowledge questions. The researchers handed out the questionnaire to all parents and professionals in the antenatal and postnatal areas, as well as the paediatric and neonatal units during a 6-week period. The site was the Royal Oldham hospital, a district general hospital with 3250 deliveries per year and multi-ethnic in its population mix. Results A total of 253 completed questionnaires were collected. The ethnic origin of responders was 50.6% White British, 18.2% Bangladeshi, 8.7% Indian, 4% White/Asian, the remaining 18.5% of other origins. 71.5% of responders said they had heard of BCG vaccine. When asked if they knew the new policy for its use, 33.2% answered yes. 24.5% gave the most accurate response when asked who now receives BCG. Conclusion We have found that amongst parents and professionals alike there is a lack of knowledge of the new policy. This has lead to confusion and as knowledge amongst the professionals who identify neonates for vaccination is low, uptake may be sub-optimal. We suggest that units investigate the issue and ensure that the new policy is understood and implemented correctly. PMID:17650337
Versăo e adaptaçăo para o portuguęs brasileiro do questionário: crenças e atitudes sobre prevençăo de perda auditiva Translation and adaptation of the questionnaire "beliefs and attitudes on hearing loss prevention" into Brazilian Portuguese
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Luciana Bramatti
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: validar a versăo para língua portuguesa do questionário "Crenças e Atitudes sobre a Prevençăo de Perdas Auditivas", desenvolvido pelo National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in 1996. MÉTODO: a validaçăo do questionário seguiu as seguintes etapas: traduçăo do idioma inglęs para o portuguęs, pré-teste com um subgrupo de 10 trabalhadores, adaptaçăo lingüística, revisăo da equivalęncia gramatical e idiomática e processo inverso de traduçăo do portuguęs para o inglęs, para verificar se houve descaracterizaçăo do questionário. Participaram do estudo 31 trabalhadores de uma indústria frigorífica, 17 do sexo masculino e 14 do sexo feminino, com idade média de 29 anos e 7 meses. As questőes utilizadas foram medidas seguindo a escala de Likert com cinco graus, onde 1 - corresponde a "concordo totalmente" e 5 - "discordo totalmente". A análise fatorial objetivou explicar a ligaçăo entre um conjunto de variáveis correlacionadas. Os trabalhadores responderam ao primeiro questionário (Versăo A e num prazo de 15 dias responderam ao segundo questionário (Versăo B. RESULTADOS: a reprodutibilidade do instrumento foi demonstrada pelo índice geral de Alfa de Cronbach de 0, 8146 para o formulário A e 0, 8569 para o formulário B. As correlaçőes foram significantes indicando a validade de construto e conteúdo da versăo em Portuguęs Brasileiro para o seu uso com uma populaçăo trabalhadora. CONCLUSŐES: o questionário foi traduzido e adaptado para ser aplicado na populaçăo brasileira, denominado Crenças e Atitudes sobre a Prevençăo de Perdas Auditivas, e servirá como instrumento na avaliaçăo das atitudes e comportamento dos trabalhadores frente ao ruído e prevençăo de perdas auditivas.PURPOSE: to evaluate the Brazilian Portuguese version of the instrument "Beliefs and Attitudes on Hearing Loss Prevention", developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in 1996. METHOD: the development of the Portuguese scale followed the following steps: translation from English into Brazilian Portuguese, pre-test with a group of 10 workers compared to the target population, linguistic adaptation, review of grammatical and idiomatic equivalence, and reverse translation into English in order to check that the instrument remained true to its original version. Following this elements, the Portuguese instrument was validated with the group of 31 workers. The participating workers came from a meat-packing company. Seventeen were males and 14 were females, and their mean age was 29 years and 7 months. The questions were constructed using a 5-point Likert scale where 1 meant "disagree completely" and 5 meant "agree completely." A factorial analysis was conducted in order to check construct validity of correlated questionnaire items. The participants responded to the first questionnaire (version A and 15 days later responded to the second questionnaire (Version B. RESULTS: the validity of the entire instrument was demonstrated by a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.8146 for the version A of the instrument and 0.8569 for the Version B. The significant correlations among related questionnaire items indicate the validity of its format and content for the intended usage with a Brazilian Portuguese version with a population of workers. CONCLUSIONS: the questionnaire was translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and will facilitate the evaluation of attitudes and beliefs of Brazilian-Portuguese speaking workers towards noise and hearing loss prevention.
Versăo e adaptaçăo para o portuguęs brasileiro do questionário: crenças e atitudes sobre prevençăo de perda auditiva / Translation and adaptation of the questionnaire "beliefs and attitudes on hearing loss prevention" into Brazilian Portuguese
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Luciana, Bramatti; Thais Catalani, Morata; Jair Mendes, Marques; Ulisses Gabriel, Martini.
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: validar a versăo para língua portuguesa do questionário "Crenças e Atitudes sobre a Prevençăo de Perdas Auditivas", desenvolvido pelo National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in 1996. MÉTODO: a validaçăo do questionário seguiu as seguintes etapas: traduçăo do idioma inglęs par [...] a o portuguęs, pré-teste com um subgrupo de 10 trabalhadores, adaptaçăo lingüística, revisăo da equivalęncia gramatical e idiomática e processo inverso de traduçăo do portuguęs para o inglęs, para verificar se houve descaracterizaçăo do questionário. Participaram do estudo 31 trabalhadores de uma indústria frigorífica, 17 do sexo masculino e 14 do sexo feminino, com idade média de 29 anos e 7 meses. As questőes utilizadas foram medidas seguindo a escala de Likert com cinco graus, onde 1 - corresponde a "concordo totalmente" e 5 - "discordo totalmente". A análise fatorial objetivou explicar a ligaçăo entre um conjunto de variáveis correlacionadas. Os trabalhadores responderam ao primeiro questionário (Versăo A) e num prazo de 15 dias responderam ao segundo questionário (Versăo B). RESULTADOS: a reprodutibilidade do instrumento foi demonstrada pelo índice geral de Alfa de Cronbach de 0, 8146 para o formulário A e 0, 8569 para o formulário B. As correlaçőes foram significantes indicando a validade de construto e conteúdo da versăo em Portuguęs Brasileiro para o seu uso com uma populaçăo trabalhadora. CONCLUSŐES: o questionário foi traduzido e adaptado para ser aplicado na populaçăo brasileira, denominado Crenças e Atitudes sobre a Prevençăo de Perdas Auditivas, e servirá como instrumento na avaliaçăo das atitudes e comportamento dos trabalhadores frente ao ruído e prevençăo de perdas auditivas. Abstract in english PURPOSE: to evaluate the Brazilian Portuguese version of the instrument "Beliefs and Attitudes on Hearing Loss Prevention", developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health in 1996. METHOD: the development of the Portuguese scale followed the following steps: translation from E [...] nglish into Brazilian Portuguese, pre-test with a group of 10 workers compared to the target population, linguistic adaptation, review of grammatical and idiomatic equivalence, and reverse translation into English in order to check that the instrument remained true to its original version. Following this elements, the Portuguese instrument was validated with the group of 31 workers. The participating workers came from a meat-packing company. Seventeen were males and 14 were females, and their mean age was 29 years and 7 months. The questions were constructed using a 5-point Likert scale where 1 meant "disagree completely" and 5 meant "agree completely." A factorial analysis was conducted in order to check construct validity of correlated questionnaire items. The participants responded to the first questionnaire (version A) and 15 days later responded to the second questionnaire (Version B). RESULTS: the validity of the entire instrument was demonstrated by a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.8146 for the version A of the instrument and 0.8569 for the Version B. The significant correlations among related questionnaire items indicate the validity of its format and content for the intended usage with a Brazilian Portuguese version with a population of workers. CONCLUSIONS: the questionnaire was translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and will facilitate the evaluation of attitudes and beliefs of Brazilian-Portuguese speaking workers towards noise and hearing loss prevention.
Food safety in hospital: knowledge, attitudes and practices of nursing staff of two hospitals in Sicily, Italy
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La Guardia Maurizio
Full Text Available Abstract Background Food hygiene in hospital poses peculiar problems, particularly given the presence of patients who could be more vulnerable than healthy subjects to microbiological and nutritional risks. Moreover, in nosocomial outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease, the mortality risk has been proved to be significantly higher than the community outbreaks and highest for foodborne outbreaks. On the other hand, the common involvement in the role of food handlers of nurses or domestic staff, not specifically trained about food hygiene and HACCP, may represent a further cause of concern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning food safety of the nursing staff of two hospitals in Palermo, Italy. Association with some demographic and work-related determinants was also investigated. Methods The survey was conducted, by using a semi-structured questionnaire, in March-November 2005 in an acute general hospital and a paediatric hospital, where nursing staff is routinely involved in food service functions. Results Overall, 401 nurses (279, 37.1%, of the General Hospital and 122, 53.5%, of the Paediatric Hospital, respectively answered. Among the respondents there was a generalized lack of knowledge about etiologic agents and food vehicles associated to foodborne diseases and proper temperatures of storage of hot and cold ready to eat foods. A general positive attitude towards temperature control and using clothing and gloves, when handling food, was shared by the respondents nurses, but questions about cross-contamination, refreezing and handling unwrapped food with cuts or abrasions on hands were frequently answered incorrectly. The practice section performed better, though sharing of utensils for raw and uncooked foods and thawing of frozen foods at room temperatures proved to be widely frequent among the respondents. Age, gender, educational level and length of service were inconsistently associated with the answer pattern. More than 80% of the respondent nurses did not attend any educational course on food hygiene. Those who attended at least one training course fared significantly better about some knowledge issues, but no difference was detected in both the attitude and practice sections. Conclusion Results strongly emphasize the need for a safer management of catering in the hospitals, where non professional food handlers, like nursing or domestic staff, are involved in food service functions.
The use of child safety seats: A survey on levels of knowledge and attitudes of university employees
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Y?lmaz Palanc?
Full Text Available Child safety seats are the best practice for protecting child occupants. In western world, a significant reduction of child deaths in motor vehicle crashes has occurred over the past years. However, the use of child safety seats will be obligatory in Turkey from 2010 onwards. We aimed to determine the prevalence of safety seat use and survey the opinions of parents about children safety seat use in traffic.Materials and methods: A survey was conducted in Kars province of Turkey. A questionnaire was handed out to parents who were employees in a university. The first part of questionnaire was concerned with the personal properties of participants. The second part was designed to evaluate the level of parents' knowledge on child safety seat.Results: Of the 600 questionnaires distributed, 516 (86% were returned and included in the final analysis. This study showed that 266 participants were having children and automobile. The ownership of child safety seat was only 13.5% among them. The parents reported that the lack of knowledge about child safety seats was the main reason for not having safety seats. Majority of parents stated that they would be more careful in the future about child safety in traffic.Conclusion: This study showed that most parents were uninformed about the necessity of child safety seats. The authorities have to develop new strategies to increase the rate of child safety seat use. J Clin Exp Invest 2011;2(2:157-60
For future energy. Questionnaire survey 'need and safety of nuclear energy'
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The questionnairing has been conducted on students in the department of engineering, and environmental and information studies of Musashi Institute of Technology, and Toyoko Gakuen Women's College for six years. The results are collected by every department and university and college. Abstract of results is 1) about 70% of students thought necessity of nuclear energy, 2) in case of accidents and troubles in relation to nuclear energy, they have a distrust of nuclear power generation and nuclear energy, 3) they put their hope to use natural energies without pollution and destruct of global environment, and 4) the feeling of students was not the same in the literature course as the scientific course, but generally speaking, their results tend to be agreement with an adult member of society. The tasks of university are stated. (S.Y.)
Stigmatizing attitudes in relatives of people with schizophrenia: a study using the Attribution Questionnaire AQ-27 / Atitudes estigmatizantes em familiares de pessoas com esquizofrenia: um estudo utilizando o Attribution Questionnaire AQ-27
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Sara de, Sousa; António, Marques; Curral, Rosário; Cristina, Queirós.
Full Text Available INTRODUÇĂO: Na doença mental, a família pode ser um agente do processo de estigmatizaçăo. Devido ŕ falta de informaçăo adequada e de recursos e ao cansaço decorrente do processo de cuidar, ela pode contribuir para a exclusăo social do familiar doente e desinvestir na sua recuperaçăo. Além disso, pod [...] e também ser detentora de autoestigma, observando-se uma diminuiçăo da autoestima e da autovalorizaçăo da família. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a presença de atitudes estigmatizantes em um grupo de familiares de pacientes com esquizofrenia, relativamente ŕs pessoas com esse diagnóstico. MÉTODO: Neste estudo exploratório, foram inquiridos 40 familiares de pacientes com esquizofrenia tratados na Unidade de Psiquiatria Comunitária do Serviço de Psiquiatria do Centro Hospitalar de Săo Joăo (CHSJ), em Porto, Portugal, utilizando a versăo portuguesa preliminar do Attribution Questionnaire AQ-27. RESULTADOS: As dimensőes do questionário que apresentaram médias mais elevadas foram ajuda, pena e coaçăo, seguidas de segregaçăo, irritaçăo, evitamento, perigo, responsabilidade e, por último, medo. Esses resultados sugerem que os familiares năo atribuem ŕs pessoas com esquizofrenia a responsabilidade de estarem doentes e que mostram preocupaçăo e disponibilidade para ajudar. Eles evitam as pessoas com esquizofrenia mas năo sentem medo delas nem as consideram perigosas. CONCLUSĂO: Os participantes manifestam atitudes positivas e pouco estigmatizantes para com as pessoas com esquizofrenia, decorrentes da sua familiaridade com a doença mental grave, de um processo de atribuiçăo adequado e da baixa percepçăo de perigosidade. Contudo, os valores de coaçăo, pena e segregaçăo podem traduzir algum estigma encoberto que pode influenciar a autodeterminaçăo da pessoa com experięncia de doença mental grave, sugerindo-se intervençőes no âmbito da psicoeducaçăo familiar. Abstract in english BACKGROUND: Family members of people with mental disorders can contribute to stigmatization. Because of the lack of adequate information and resources, and the fatigue resulting from daily care, the family can reinforce social exclusion of the mentally ill and disbelieve recovery. Furthermore, famil [...] y members may also suffer from self-stigma, experiencing a decrease in their own self-esteem and self-worth. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of stigmatizing attitudes towards patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in a group of relatives of patients with this disorder. METHODS: In this exploratory study, we surveyed 40 family members of patients with schizophrenia seen at the Community Psychiatry Unit of the Psychiatry Department at Centro Hospitalar de Săo Joăo (CHSJ), in Porto, Portugal, using a preliminary version of the Attribution Questionnaire AQ-27 in Portuguese. RESULTS: The questionnaire dimensions with the highest mean scores were help, pity, and coercion, followed by segregation, anger, avoidance, dangerousness, responsibility, and fear. These results suggest that relatives do not see people with schizophrenia as responsible for their illness and that they show concern and willingness to help. They avoid but do not fear people with schizophrenia and neither consider them dangerous. CONCLUSION: The participants expressed positive, little stigmatizing attitudes towards people with schizophrenia, probably as a result of their familiarity with severe mental disorder, an adequate attribution process, and low levels of perceived dangerousness. However, the high scores of coercion, pity, and segregation may reflect concealed stigmas that may influence the self-determination of the mentally ill, suggesting the need for psychoeducational interventions aimed at family members.
Stigmatizing attitudes in relatives of people with schizophrenia: a study using the Attribution Questionnaire AQ-27 Atitudes estigmatizantes em familiares de pessoas com esquizofrenia: um estudo utilizando o Attribution Questionnaire AQ-27
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Sara de Sousa
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Family members of people with mental disorders can contribute to stigmatization. Because of the lack of adequate information and resources, and the fatigue resulting from daily care, the family can reinforce social exclusion of the mentally ill and disbelieve recovery. Furthermore, family members may also suffer from self-stigma, experiencing a decrease in their own self-esteem and self-worth. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of stigmatizing attitudes towards patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in a group of relatives of patients with this disorder. METHODS: In this exploratory study, we surveyed 40 family members of patients with schizophrenia seen at the Community Psychiatry Unit of the Psychiatry Department at Centro Hospitalar de Săo Joăo (CHSJ, in Porto, Portugal, using a preliminary version of the Attribution Questionnaire AQ-27 in Portuguese. RESULTS: The questionnaire dimensions with the highest mean scores were help, pity, and coercion, followed by segregation, anger, avoidance, dangerousness, responsibility, and fear. These results suggest that relatives do not see people with schizophrenia as responsible for their illness and that they show concern and willingness to help. They avoid but do not fear people with schizophrenia and neither consider them dangerous. CONCLUSION: The participants expressed positive, little stigmatizing attitudes towards people with schizophrenia, probably as a result of their familiarity with severe mental disorder, an adequate attribution process, and low levels of perceived dangerousness. However, the high scores of coercion, pity, and segregation may reflect concealed stigmas that may influence the self-determination of the mentally ill, suggesting the need for psychoeducational interventions aimed at family members.INTRODUÇĂO: Na doença mental, a família pode ser um agente do processo de estigmatizaçăo. Devido ŕ falta de informaçăo adequada e de recursos e ao cansaço decorrente do processo de cuidar, ela pode contribuir para a exclusăo social do familiar doente e desinvestir na sua recuperaçăo. Além disso, pode também ser detentora de autoestigma, observando-se uma diminuiçăo da autoestima e da autovalorizaçăo da família. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a presença de atitudes estigmatizantes em um grupo de familiares de pacientes com esquizofrenia, relativamente ŕs pessoas com esse diagnóstico. MÉTODO: Neste estudo exploratório, foram inquiridos 40 familiares de pacientes com esquizofrenia tratados na Unidade de Psiquiatria Comunitária do Serviço de Psiquiatria do Centro Hospitalar de Săo Joăo (CHSJ, em Porto, Portugal, utilizando a versăo portuguesa preliminar do Attribution Questionnaire AQ-27. RESULTADOS: As dimensőes do questionário que apresentaram médias mais elevadas foram ajuda, pena e coaçăo, seguidas de segregaçăo, irritaçăo, evitamento, perigo, responsabilidade e, por último, medo. Esses resultados sugerem que os familiares năo atribuem ŕs pessoas com esquizofrenia a responsabilidade de estarem doentes e que mostram preocupaçăo e disponibilidade para ajudar. Eles evitam as pessoas com esquizofrenia mas năo sentem medo delas nem as consideram perigosas. CONCLUSĂO: Os participantes manifestam atitudes positivas e pouco estigmatizantes para com as pessoas com esquizofrenia, decorrentes da sua familiaridade com a doença mental grave, de um processo de atribuiçăo adequado e da baixa percepçăo de perigosidade. Contudo, os valores de coaçăo, pena e segregaçăo podem traduzir algum estigma encoberto que pode influenciar a autodeterminaçăo da pessoa com experięncia de doença mental grave, sugerindo-se intervençőes no âmbito da psicoeducaçăo familiar.
Relationship between knowledge, attitude, behavior, and self-efficacy on the radiation safety management of radiation workers in medical institutions
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Radiation safety managements in medical institutions are needed to protect certain radiation damages as a part of National Coalition. This study investigates the characteristics of self-efficacy that become the major factor on the knowledge, attitude, and behavior on the radiation safety management of radiation workers as an approach of educational aspects and analyzes the relationship between such factors to provide basic materials for improving the activity level of radiation safety managements. In order to implement the goal of this study, a survey was performed for 1,200 workers who were engaged in radiation treatments in medical centers, such as general hospital, university hospital, private hospital, and public health center for 42 days from July 23, 2006. Then, the results of the analysis can be summarized as follows: 1. Average scores on knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the radiation safety management were presented as 75.76±11.20, 90.55±8.59, 80.58±11.70, respectively. Also, the average score of self-efficacy was recorded as 73.55±9.82. 2. Knowledge levels in the radiation safety management showed significant differences according to the sex, age, marriage, education, and experience. Also, males of married, older, highly educated, and largely experienced represented high knowledge levels. Attitude levels in the radiation safety management showed certain significant differences according to the type of medical centers in which private hospitals showed ers in which private hospitals showed a relatively low level compared to that of high levels in university hospitals. Behavior levels in the radiation safety management also represented significant differences according to the age, marriage, education, experience, and types of medical centers. Factors in married, general hospital, older, highly educated, and largely experienced showed high behavior levels. In addition, the self-efficacy showed certain differences according to the marriage and types of medical centers. Factors in married and general hospital demonstrated high self-efficacy levels. 3. Relationship between knowledge, attitude, behavior, and self-efficacy on the radiation safety management showed statistical differences according to the relationship between the knowledge and the attitude, the knowledge and the behavior, the attitude and the behavior, the attitude and the self-efficacy, and the behavior and the self-efficacy. The relationship between the behavior and the self-efficacy was represented as ? = 0.482, which was the strongest relationship in such factors. Also, the knowledge and self-efficacy didn't show certain relationships
Cuestionario para evaluar en médicos conductas, conocimientos y actitudes sobre la higiene de manos / Questionnaire to assess behavior, knowledge and attitudes on hand hygiene among physicians
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Joaquín, González-Cabrera; María, Fernández-Prada; Humberto M., Trujillo Mendoza.
Full Text Available Objetivo: La necesidad de generar instrumentos válidos y fiables para medir aspectos relacionados con la higiene de manos es importante para conocer la situación actual y el impacto de las acciones formativas en los profesionales. El objetivo principal del trabajo es validar un cuestionario sobre hi [...] giene de manos en médicos y analizar sus propiedades de la medida. Método: Estudio instrumental en el cual se elaboró un cuestionario que se aplicó entre enero de 2010 y marzo de 2011 en el Hospital Clínico San Cecilio (Granada). Éste constó finalmente de 44 ítems que evalúan la conducta del profesional médico antes y después del contacto con el paciente, los conocimientos declarativos y las actitudes sobre la higiene de manos. Se aplicó a 113 profesionales. Resultados: Tras realizar los análisis factoriales se obtuvieron datos que avalan la unidimensionalidad de la herramienta, con un valor de convergencia general que explica el 39,289% de la varianza total y un valor alfa de Cronbach para elementos tipificados de 0,784. Hay diferencias significativas entre la conducta de higiene de manos antes y después del contacto con el paciente (t=-8,991; p Abstract in english Objective: Valid and reliable instruments to measure aspects of hand hygiene are needed to determine the current situation and impact of training among health professionals. The main objective of this study was to describe the development of a questionnaire on hand hygiene among health professionals [...] and to analyze the properties of this instrument. Method: A questionnaire was designed and implemented between January 2010 and March 2011 at the Hospital Clínico San Cecilio (Granada, Spain). The final questionnaire consisted of 44 items that assessed provider behavior before and after contact with the patient, declarative knowledge, and attitudes to hand hygiene. The questionnaire was administered to 113 health professionals. Results: A factor analysis was performed. Data were obtained that supported the unidimensionality of the instrument with a general convergence value that explained 39.289% of the total variance and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.784 for the established elements. Significant differences were found in hand hygiene behavior before and after contact with the patient (t=-8,991, p
Attitude of the Korean dentists towards radiation safety and selection criteria
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
X-ray exposure should be clinically justified and each exposure should be expected to give patients benefits. Since dental radiographic examination is one of the most frequent radiological procedures, radiation hazard becomes an important public health concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude of Korean dentists about radiation safety and use of criteria for selecting the frequency and type of radiographic examinations. The study included 267 Korean dentists. Five questions related to radiation safety were asked of each of them. These questions were about factors associated with radiation protection of patients and operators including the use of radiographic selection criteria for intraoral radiographic procedures. The frequency of prescription of routine radiographic examination (an example is a panoramic radiograph for screening process for occult disease) was 34.1%, while that of selective radiography was 64.0%. Dentists' discussion of radiation risk and benefit with patients was infrequent. More than half of the operators held the image receptor by themselves during intraoral radiographic examinations. Lead apron/thyroid collars for patient protection were used by fewer than 22% of dental offices. Rectangular collimation was utilized by fewer than 15% of dental offices. The majority of Korean dentists in the study did not practice radiation protection procedures which would be required to minimize exposure to unnecessary radiation for patients and dental professionals. Mandatory continuing professional education in radiation safety and development of Korean radiographic selection criteria is recommended.
Attitude of the Korean dentists towards radiation safety and selection criteria
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lee, Byung Do [Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan (Korea, Republic of); Ludlow, John B. [Graduate Program in Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (United States)
X-ray exposure should be clinically justified and each exposure should be expected to give patients benefits. Since dental radiographic examination is one of the most frequent radiological procedures, radiation hazard becomes an important public health concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude of Korean dentists about radiation safety and use of criteria for selecting the frequency and type of radiographic examinations. The study included 267 Korean dentists. Five questions related to radiation safety were asked of each of them. These questions were about factors associated with radiation protection of patients and operators including the use of radiographic selection criteria for intraoral radiographic procedures. The frequency of prescription of routine radiographic examination (an example is a panoramic radiograph for screening process for occult disease) was 34.1%, while that of selective radiography was 64.0%. Dentists' discussion of radiation risk and benefit with patients was infrequent. More than half of the operators held the image receptor by themselves during intraoral radiographic examinations. Lead apron/thyroid collars for patient protection were used by fewer than 22% of dental offices. Rectangular collimation was utilized by fewer than 15% of dental offices. The majority of Korean dentists in the study did not practice radiation protection procedures which would be required to minimize exposure to unnecessary radiation for patients and dental professionals. Mandatory continuing professional education in radiation safety and development of Korean radiographic selection criteria is recommended.
A system dynamics approach for modeling construction workers' safety attitudes and behaviors.
Shin, Mingyu; Lee, Hyun-Soo; Park, Moonseo; Moon, Myunggi; Han, Sangwon
Construction accidents are caused by an unsafe act (i.e., a person's behavior or activity that deviates from normal accepted safe procedure) and/or an unsafe condition (i.e., a hazard or an unsafe mechanical or physical environment). While there has been dramatic improvement in creating safer construction environments, relatively little is known regarding the elimination of construction workers' unsafe acts. To address this deficiency, this paper aims to develop a system dynamics (SD)-based model of construction workers' mental processes that can help analyze the feedback mechanisms and the resultant dynamics regarding the workers' safety attitudes and safe behaviors. The developed model is applied to examine the effectiveness of three safety improvement policies: incentives for safe behaviors, and increased levels of communication and immersion in accidents. Application of the model verifies the strong potential of the developed model to provide a better understanding of how to eliminate unsafe acts, and to function as a robust test-bed to assess the effectiveness of safety programs or training sessions before their implementation. PMID:24268437
Food Safety Knowledge, Behavior, and Attitudes of Vendors of Poultry Products Sold at Pennsylvania Farmers' Markets
Scheinberg, Joshua; Radhakrishna, Rama; Cutter, Catherine N.
A needs assessment survey was developed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of poultry vendors at farmers' markets in Pennsylvania, on food safety, regulation, and poultry production. Vendors were administered a 32-question paper survey, in person, during market hours. The results revealed critical vendor practices and identified important…
I like it when my partner holds my hand: Development of the Responses and Attitudes to Support during Pain questionnaire (RASP
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Full Text Available Social support can have beneficial effects on psychological and physiological well-being. During acute bodily pain, however, the effects of social support on pain are mixed. This variability may be due to the multifaceted nature of both pain and social support, as well as individual differences. In this paper, we present the development, psychometric assessment, and initial validation of the first self-report measure designed to address this variability in the general population; the Responses and Attitudes to Support during Pain questionnaire (RASP. The RASP includes questions on social support from the romantic partner as well as healthcare professionals (HCPs and addresses different types of social support and pain responses. The development and validation of the RASP comprised four studies. In Study 1, a preliminary RASP version was completed by 179 healthy individuals regarding any type of acute pain. In Study 2, the reduced RASP was completed by 256 women with experiences of menstrual pain. Principal component analysis indicated a 22-item solution with five underlying dimensions reflecting general partner support, emotional support from HCPs, anxiety in the context of HCPs, pain behaviors during partner support, and distraction by the partner. Construct validity was assessed using a measure of adult attachment style. The RASP showed good validity and test-retest reliability. In Study 3, the 5-factor model received initial support through confirmatory factor analysis in a new sample of 120 individuals with recent musculoskeletal pain. Study 4 provided additional validation of the RASP in a sample of 180 individuals responding in reference to acute back pain. Overall, the RASP is a valid and reliable measure for assessing individual differences in attitudes and responses to social support in relation to acute pain.
Assessing factors that form patient's attitude to treatment preceding hospitalization for acute coronary syndrom (data of questionnaire within the LIS register
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Yu.V. Lukina
Full Text Available Aim. To determine the most significant factors forming patient's attitude to treatment and factors of adherence to treatment preceding hospitalization in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS.Material and methods. A register of patients admitted to Lyubertsy Regional Hospital ?2 for ACS from 01.12.2011 to 01.12.2012 was used in the study. A total of 272 patients (men – 157, women – 115 were enrolled into the study. Age range was between 31 and 89 years, mean age was 63.6±12.6 years. Acute myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 181 patients, unstable angina pectoris – in 91 patients. While in hospital all the patients had filled out the questionnaire on therapy adherence.Results. Half of the 272 patients (133 persons enrolled into the study had regularly been followed-up for chronic diseases in different medical centers; 138 patients (50.7% had not been followed-up before the reference hospitalization. According to the valid Morisky-Green test results 120 patients (44.1% were adherent to treatment, in 141 (51.8% patients the adherence was unsatisfactory, 11 persons (4.1% did not answer the test questions. Younger patients adhered to doctors' recommendations better. According to the patients (125 patients – 46% the most effective strategy to improve treatment adherence was the obtaining of detailed information about their disease and methods of its treatment provided by the doctor. 32 patients (11.8% pointed out the importance of lowering drug costs. 11 patients of 272 respondents demanded more care from their doctor; 4 persons suggested that better quality of medical care organization would help to ameliorate treatment adherence. Regular follow-up for chronic diseases with detailed informing about the condition by a physician positively influences adherence to recommended therapy. Patients of commercial medical centers and patients without any medical follow-up least of all adhered to treatment.Conclusion. Specially designed questionnaire allowed to determine the most significant factors that form patients' attitude to therapy preceding the reference hospitalization and factors of adherence to treatment prescribed before the hospitalization. All the significant factors were related to the physician-patient relationships, what emphasizes the important role of both doctors and patients in improvement of treatment adherence.
A study on the knowledge and attitudes towards radiation therapy and cancer: a questionnaire survey of 142 third grade medical students
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
To get the data for public information and education of medical students about Radiation Therapy (RT). We evaluated the knowledge and attitudes towards the RT and cancer in the third grade medical students who did not receive a lecture before starting the poly-clinic education about radiation oncology in our medical school. We obtained a total of 142 answers from the students that completed the questionnaire. More than half of the third grade medical school. We obtained a total of 142 answers from the students that completed the questionnaire. More than half of the third grade medical students answered 1 question correctly and 5 questions incorrectly among 6 questions about knowledge of RT. Incorrect answers were done about the frequency of RT, hair loss, the period of RT, re-RT, cost of RT. Fifty-six percent of students didn't wish to prolong the survival time from 1 year to 3 years with long courses of chemotherapy and RT. They had bad images about cancer of colorectum, lung, esophagus, liver, breast, cervix which consist of 56.3% of patients receiving RT. Public information about the basic points of RT should be considered. Also the students showed the pessimism about the anticancer treatments such as chemotherapy and RT, so the exact results and positive aspects of anticancer treatment should be educated more. Especially it is needed to inform the students and the public the positive aspects of RT in some cancers (colorectal, lung, esophageal, hepatic, breast, ceral, lung, esophageal, hepatic, breast, cervix cancers) which the students had bad images about
Structure of a Questionnaire on Children's Attitudes towards Inclusive Physical Education (CAIPE-CZ [Struktura ?eského p?ekladu dotazníku "Children's Attitudes toward Inclusive Physical Education" (CAIPE-CZ
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Julie Wittmannová
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The process of educating children with and without disabilities together has had many titles in the past, starting with mainstreaming, changing into integration and finally arriving at the current title of inclusion. While inclusion has become widespread, studies aiming to help us understand this phenomenon and variables that influence it have been limited mainly to the study of inclusion as a process and attitudes of teachers towards inclusive physical education. In order to study inclusion we also need to have questionnaires to measure the beliefs of children without disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to translate and modify the CAIPE-R instrument, to describe the structure of its components and to compare the structure of CAIPE's Czech version (CAIPE-CZ to the original instrument. METHODS: The original questionnaire, CAIPE-R (Block, 1995, was modified and translated using a standard back translation procedure. Data were collected from 140 girls (mean age 13.12 years, SD = 1.61 and 146 boys (mean age 13.26 years, SD = 1.48 and analyzed using SPSS-PC 19.0 software. RESULTS: The results of principal component factor analysis with Varimax rotation have proven the two component structure of the CAIPE-CZ questionnaire. The first four items are loaded in one factor which was titled as "General beliefs about inclusion in physical education". In contrast with the original CAIPE-R questionnaire, the fifth and sixth items are loaded to the second component together with 4 other items. This component was titled "Beliefs about actual behavior". CONCLUSION: CAIPE-CZ was translated using a standardized procedure and shows a high internal consistency and is also sensitive to detecting differences between groups of children with personal experiences with students with disabilities and those without such experiences. Thus CAIPE-CZ is ready to use for future studies about the attitudes of children towards inclusive physical education.[VÝCHODISKA: Spole?né vzd?lávání žák? se zdravotním postižením a žák? intaktních m?lo v minulosti vice názv?. V ?eštin? v sou?asnosti p?evládá termín integrace a v angli?tin? termín inkluze (inclusion. V?tšina výzkumu se prozatím orientovala na postoje u?itel? t?lesné výchovy, ale úsp?šná integrace je podmín?ná porozum?ním také postoj?m intaktních žák?. Z tohoto d?vodu je t?eba kvalitních a standardizovaných metodologických nástroj?. CÍLE: Cílem této studie je p?eložit modifikovaný dotazník CAIPE-R, popsat jeho strukturu a porovnat strukturu ?eského p?ekladu s originálním dotazníkem. METODIKA: Dotazník CAIPE-R (Block, 1995 byl modifikován a p?eložen s využitím standardní procedury zp?tného p?ekladu. Výzkumný vzorek tvo?ilo 140 dívek (pr?m?rný v?k = 13,12 rok? a 146 chlapc? (pr?m?rný v?k = 13,26 rok?. Analýza byla provedena s využitím softwaru SPSS PC 19.0. VÝSLEDKY: Výsledky faktorové analýzy prokázali strukturu dotazníku o dvou škálách, které byly nazvány: "Obecné tvrzení k integraci ve školní TV" a "P?esv?d?ení o vlastním jednání". ?eský dotazník prokázal podobnou strukturu s výjimkou po?tu tvrzení, která se stala sou?ástí první škály. ZÁV?RY: CAIPE-CZ prokazuje vysokou hladinu vnit?ní konzistence (? = 0.84 a je schopen také rozlišit postoje žák?, kte?í mají osobní zkušenosti s d?tmi s t?lesným postižením a t?ch kte?í t
Training method for enhancement of safety attitude in nuclear power plant based on crew resource management
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A conventional training program for nuclear power plant operators has been developed with emphasis on improvement of knowledge and skills of individual operators. Although it has certainly contributed to safety operation of nuclear power plants, some recent incidents have indicated the necessity of an improved training program aiming at improvement of the performance of operators working as a team. In the aviation area, crew resource management (CRM) training has shown the effect of resolving team management issues of flight crews, aircraft maintenance crews, and so on. In the present research, we attempted to introduce the CRM concept into operator training in nuclear power plants as training for conceptual skill enhancement. In this paper, a training method specially customized for nuclear power plant operators based on CRM is proposed. The proposed method has been practically utilized in the management training course of Japan Nuclear Technology Institute. The validity of the proposed method has been evaluated by means of a questionnaire survey. (author)
Exploring the safety implications of young drivers' behavior, attitudes and perceptions.
Hassan, Hany M; Abdel-Aty, Mohamed A
The present study aims at identifying and quantifying significant factors (i.e., demographic, aberrant driving behavior) associated with young drivers' involvement in at-fault crashes or traffic citations at the ages of 16-17 (while having the Operational License) and 18-24 years old (while having the Full License). A second objective was to investigate the main reason(s) for involvement in risky driving behavior by young drivers. The data used for the analyses were obtained from a self-reported questionnaire survey carried out among 680 young drivers in Central Florida. To achieve these goals, the structural equation modeling approach was adopted. The results revealed that aggressive violations, in-vehicle distractions and demographic characteristics were the significant factors affecting young drivers' involvement in at-fault crashes or traffic violations at the age of 16-17. However, in-vehicle distractions, attitudes toward speeding and demographic characteristics were the significant factors affecting young drivers' crash risk at 18-24. Additionally, the majority of participants reported that "running late" is the main reason for taking risk while driving (i.e., speeding, accept short gaps, or drive so close to the car in front) followed by "racing other cars". Additionally, "exceed speed limits" was the main reason for receiving traffic citations at 16-17 and 18-24 age groups. Practical suggestions on how to reduce crash risk and promote safe driving among young drivers are also discussed. PMID:22658949
Empirical Analysis of Construction Safety Climate - A Study
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Full Text Available Safety in the construction industry has always been a major issue. Though much improvement in construction safety has been achieved, the industry still continues to lag behind most other industries with regard to safety. The safety climate of any organization consists of employee's attitudes towards and perceptions of, health and safety behavior. Construction workers attitudes towards safety are influenced by their perceptions of risk, management, safety rulesand procedures. A measure of safety climate could be used to identify those areas of safety that need more attention and improvement. The dynamic nature of safety climate, which has the ability to change on daily basis, means there is a great need for reliable tools that can measure safety climate. Safety climate is a leading performance indicator that can provide insight into safety performance before accidents have occurred. In the present study a questionnaire was framed to ascertain safety climate in major construction rganizations across India involved in construction of Thermal power plants, Hydro power plants, Highway projects, Bridge works, Refinery works, High rise works, Pipe line works and Dam woks and its content validity was verified. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was tested by using Cronbachs alpha coefficient. Data was collected based on questionnaire from employees working in various construction firms in India. The results of questionnaires survey was tested statistically by using the Kruskal – Wallis test to ascertain the attitudes of different categories of employees towards safety climate.
Attitudes associated with behavioral predictors of serious road traffic crashes: results from the GAZEL cohort
Nabi, Hermann; Salmi, Louis Rachid; Lafont, Sylviane; Chiron, Mireille; Zins, Marie; Lagarde, Emmanuel
OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that behavioral predictors of serious road traffic crashes (RTC) are correlated with unfavorable attitudes towards traffic safety. DESIGN: Prospective and cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING: France PARTICIPANTS: 13,447 of the 19,894 living members of the GAZEL cohort, workers and recent retirees of a French national utility company followed up since 1989. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Driving behavior and attitudes towards traffic safety in 2001 by questionnair...
Patient safety and quality improvement education: a cross-sectional study of medical students' preferences and attitudes
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Teigland Claire L
Full Text Available Abstract Background Recent educational initiatives by both the World Health Organization and the American Association of Medical Colleges have endorsed integrating teaching of patient safety and quality improvement (QI to medical students. Curriculum development should take into account learners' attitudes and preferences. We surveyed students to assess preferences and attitudes about QI and patient safety education. Methods An electronic survey was developed through focus groups, literature review, and local expert opinion and distributed via email to all medical students at a single medical school in the spring of 2012. Results A greater proportion of students reported previous exposure to patient safety than to quality improvement topics (79% vs. 47%. More than 80% of students thought patient safety was of the same or greater importance than basic science or clinical skills whereas quality improvement was rated as the same or more important by about 70% of students. Students rated real life examples of quality improvement projects and participation in these projects with actual patients as potentially the most helpful (mean scores 4.2/5 and 3.9/5 respectively. For learning about patient safety, real life examples of mistakes were again rated most highly (mean scores 4.5/5 for MD presented mistakes and 4.1/5 for patient presented mistakes. Students rated QI as very important to their future career regardless of intended specialty (mean score 4.5/5. Conclusions Teaching of patient safety and quality improvement to medical students will be best received if it is integrated into clinical education rather than solely taught in pre-clinical lectures or through independent computer modules. Students recognize that these topics are important to their careers as future physicians regardless of intended specialty.
Development and Validation of the Chinese Attitudes to Starting Insulin Questionnaire (Ch-ASIQ) for Primary Care Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Fu, Sau Nga; Chin, Weng Yee; Wong, Carlos King Ho; Yeung, Vincent Tok Fai; Yiu, Ming Pong; Tsui, Hoi Yee; Chan, Ka Hung
Objectives: To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Chinese questionnaire which assesses the barriers and enablers to commencing insulin in primary care patients with poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes. Research Design and Method: Questionnaire items were identified using literature review. Content validation was performed and items were further refined using an expert panel. Following translation, back translation and cognitive debriefing, the translated Chinese questionnaire...
Food Safety Attitudes in College Students: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of a Conceptual Model
Peter Pribis; Tevni Grajales; Baker, Erica L.; Magaly Hernandez; Rachelle Booth
College students are one of the most at-risk population groups for food poisoning, due to risky food safety behaviors. Using the Likert Scale, undergraduate students were asked to participate in a Food Safety Survey which was completed by 499 students ages 18–25. Data was analyzed using SPSS and AMOS statistical software. Four conceptual definitions regarding food safety were defined as: general food safety, bacterial food safety, produce food safety, and politics associated with food safe...
Work ethics and general work attitudes in adolescents are related to quality of life, sense of coherence and subjective health – a Swedish questionnaire study
Hĺkansson Anders; Andersson Ingemar; Axelsson Lars; Ejlertsson Göran
Abstract Background Working life is an important arena in most people's lives, and the working line concept is important for the development of welfare in a society. For young people, the period before permanent establishment in working life has become longer during the last two decades. Knowledge about attitudes towards work can help us to understand young people's transition to the labour market. Adolescents are the future workforce, so it seems especially important to notice their attitude...
Patient safety: Safety culture and patient safety ethics
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Madsen, Marlene DyrlŘv
Patient safety - the prevention of medical error and adverse events - and the initiative of developing safety cultures to assure patients from harm have become one of the central concerns in quality improvement in healthcare both nationally andinternationally. This subject raises numerous challenging issues of systemic, organisational, cultural and ethical relevance, which this dissertation seeks to address through the application of different disciplinary approaches. The main focus of researchis safety culture; through empirical and theoretical studies to comprehend the phenomenon, address the problems, and suggest possible solutions for improving patient safety through the promotion of safety culture and ethics. I seek to illuminate theissues of patient safety from several perspectives; the organizational healthcare system, in particular the healthcare workers perspectives and experiences, and those of patients who experience the physical effect of poor patient safety. The dissertationconsists of nine papers and an appendix. Paper 1 describes the results of doctors and nurses attitudes towards reporting and the handling of adverse events. Paper 2 is a study and "review" of the international literature of assessment of safety culture inhealthcare. Paper 3 summarizes results of an intervention study introducing a reporting system and using a questionnaire survey of safety culture within three Danish hospitals to measure the effects. Paper 4 reports key results from the study in paper 3,demonstrating significant, consistent and sometimes large differences in terms of safety culture factors across the units participating in the survey. Paper 5 is the results of a study of the relation between safety culture, occupational health andpatient safety using a safety culture questionnaire survey and interviews with staff and management in four hospital departments. The appendix contains the Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire tool that I have developed, tested and revised for use in theDanish hospital setting based on the research projects on safety culture described in papers 3, 4 and 5. Paper 6 concerns the attitudes and responses to adverse events from the patient's point of view, using a questionnaire survey, and comparing these tostaffs responses to the same questions.
Occupational safety motivation : What motivates workers to comply and participate in safety activities?
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Pedersen, Louise; Kines, Pete
Background: Motivation is one of the most important factors for safety behaviour and for implementing change in general. However, theoretical and psychometric studies of safety performance have traditionally treated safety motivation, safety compliance and safety participation unidimensionally. At the same time many motivation questionnaire items are seldom founded on theory and/or do not account for the theories' ontological and epistemological differences, e.g. of how knowledge, attitude and action are related. Present questionnaire items tap into occupational safety motivation in asking whether or not respondents 'are' motivated and whether they feel that safety is important or worthwhile. Another important aspect is 'what' motivates workers to comply to and participate in safety. The aim of this article is to introduce a new theory-based occupational safety motivation scale which is validated with interview data, observations and questionnaire items of actual safety behaviour. Method: Seven safety motivation questionnaire items were developed based on a theoretical model with three forms of motivation for safety compliance/participation: normative, social and calculated motivations. The items were tested on a total of 550 workers from 20 different small, medium and large manufacturing enterprises. Results: Ranking patterns of the seven items were similar across all 20 enterprises. Workers were primarily motivated due to normative safety motivations and only secondarily due to social and calculated motivations. In all enterprises the primary motivations for safety compliance/motivation were that it 'contributed to the prevention of accidents and injuries', and because it was a 'natural part' of their work. Social motivations for safety compliance/participation such as 'gaining respect from colleagues' and 'avoiding negative remarks from a leader/colleague' were of less importance. Interview, observational and additional questionnaire data clarify these results. Conclusion: The article provides insight into 'what' actually motivates workers to comply/participate in safety and possible differences between attitudes and actions.
Usage and Attitudes of Physicians in Japan Concerning Traditional Japanese Medicine (Kampo Medicine): A Descriptive Evaluation of a Representative Questionnaire-Based Survey
E. C. Moschik; Mercado, C.; Yoshino, T.; Matsuura, K.; Watanabe, K.
Kampo medicine has been the primary medical model in Japan until the mid 1800s, regained a prominent role in today's Japanese medical system. Today, 148 herbal Kampo formulas can be prescribed under the national health insurance system, allowing physicians to integrate Kampo in their daily practice. This article aims to provide information about the extent to which Kampo is now used in clinics throughout Japan and about physician's current attitudes toward Kampo. We used the results of a 2008...
Food Safety Attitude of Culinary Arts Based Students in Public and Private Higher Learning Institutions (IPT)
Patah, Mohd Onn Rashdi Abd; Issa, Zuraini Mat; Nor, Khamis Mohammad
Food safety issue is not new in Malaysia as problems such as unsafe food handling, doubtful food preparation, food poisoning outbreaks in schools and education institutions and spreading of infectious food borne illness has been discussed by the public more often than before. The purpose of this study is to examine the food safety knowledge and…
Regulator and industry Co-operation on safety research: challenges and opportunities. Final report and answers to questionnaire
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A Group has been set up by the CSNI to identify and review the issues which hinder closer co-operation on research between regulators and industry, and to propose possible ways for resolving such issues while maintaining regulatory independence in decision-making. The Group has analyzed the potential advantages and disadvantages of regulator-industry collaboration in safety research and has also provided indications on how to overcome possible difficulties that can arise from such collaboration. The Group focused in particular on the issue of regulator independence, on means to preserve it and ways to demonstrate it to the public while undertaking collaboration with industry
Validaçăo de um questionário de atitude em relaçăo ŕ soja e seus derivados com clientes da alimentaçăo coletiva / Validation of a questionnaire to assess food service customer's attitude towards soybeans and its products
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Silvia Magalhăes, Couto; Gabriela Morgado de Oliveira, Coelho; Alessandra Silva de, Souza; Marina de Figueiredo, Ferreira; Victor Augustus, Marin; Haydée Serrăo, Lanzillotti.
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Validar um questionário para verificar a atitude de clientes da Alimentaçăo Coletiva em relaçăo ŕ soja e seus derivados. MÉTODOS: A elaboraçăo do questionário valeu-se de escala de Likert de cinco pontos. As validaçőes foram realizadas com clientes de duas unidades de alimentaçăo e nutriçă [...] o, da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, sendo a primeira uma empresa gráfica e a segunda uma empresa de confecçőes. A validaçăo interna valeu-se do coeficiente de Cronbach para medir confiabilidade. Aplicou-se o teste de normalidade ŕs matrizes de escores para cada item. A constataçăo do comportamento dos escores năo Gausiano indicou utilizaçăo da correlaçăo de Spearman (r) para discriminar itens. Como critério de exclusăo foi definido r negativo ou próximo de zero. A validaçăo externa foi realizada entre o confronto das matrizes representadas pelas médias dos escores de cada item. Utilizou-se a razăo dos desvios-padrăo para avaliar a concordância relativa, considerando-se a associaçăo entre as matrizes resultantes da aplicaçăo do questionário nas duas unidades de alimentaçăo e nutriçăo. RESULTADOS: Participaram da validaçăo 45 e 90 clientes das duas unidades de alimentaçăo e nutriçăo, respectivamente. O procedimento aplicado na unidade de alimentaçăo e nutriçăo da empresa gráfica indicou a retirada de 3 itens dentre os 20 itens originais. O questionário resultante foi replicado na unidade de alimentaçăo e nutriçăo da empresa de confecçăo, sem indicaçăo de exclusăo de itens. O coeficiente de Cronbach foi 0,92 e 0,91, respectivamente, indicando confiabilidade do instrumento para medir atitude. O confronto entre os escores para cada item entre as unidades gerou a razăo de desvio 0,99, que recomenda retirada do item seis, relativo ŕ rotulagem, ou seja, se as informaçőes săo suficientemente claras em relaçăo ŕ soja. CONCLUSĂO: O questionário foi validado, tornando-se um instrumento capaz de informar sobre a atitude de clientes da alimentaçăo coletiva em relaçăo ŕ soja e seus derivados. Abstract in english OBJECTIVE: The objective was to validate a questionnaire that verifies food service customers´ attitude towards soybeans and its products. METHODS: A five-point Likert scale was used to develop the questionnaire. Validation was accomplished with customers of two food and nutrition units in the city [...] of Rio de Janeiro, the first being a printing company and the second a clothing company. Cronbach´s alpha was used to measure internal reliability. The normality test was applied to the score matrices of each item. The identification of scores with non-Gaussian behavior indicated the need to use Spearman's correlation (r) to discriminate items. The exclusion criterion was correlations with negative or close to zero r. The external validation was established by confronting the matrices represented by the mean scores of each item. The standard deviation ratio was used to assess the relative agreement considering the association between the matrices which resulted from the administration of the questionnaires in both Food and Nutrition Units. RESULTS: A total of 45 and 90 clients from the two food and nutrition units respectively participated in the validation process. The procedure administered the printing company unit indicated the removal of three items from the twenty original items. The resulting questionnaire was administered in the clothing company unit, with no indication of item removal. The Cronbach's coefficient was 0.92 and 0.91, respectively showing that the instrument measures attitude reliably. The confrontation between the scores of each item and between the two food and nutrition units generated a deviation ratio of 0.99, which recommends the removal of item number six, regarding labeling, that is, if the information regarding soybeans is sufficiently clear. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire was validated, therefore it is an instrument capable of determining food service customers´ attitude towards soybeans and its
Business and Impact Alignment of Questionnaire
Piterenko, Kateryna
Survey is a quick common instrument for information gathering. One of the most common forms of the survey is a questionnaire. Questionnaire is "a technique for gathering statistical information about the attributes, attitudes or actions of a population by administering standardized questions to some or all its members." [5] In this thesis we are discussing business impact of questionnaire and problems related to questionnaire design. Aim of this project is universal solution for questionn...
Questionnaires for Usability: A Systematic Literature Review
Sure, Mohan
Usability testing is a method to evaluate a product. One way to measure usability is by using questionnaires. A questionnaire consists of a set of questions/statements designed to collect information from the respondent about usability, user satisfaction, knowledge, attitudes, opinions, behaviors, facts, and other information. This thesis on Usability questionnaire mainly focuses on different types of usability questionnaires, their reliability and what they are supposed to measure. It give...
Wood, Jo
An exercise in audit was arranged jointly by the Local Medical Committee and the Royal College of General Practitioners in the Doncaster area. This was followed up by a questionnaire enquiring about attitudes to the audit.
Comparisons Between Occupational Health and Safety Cultures in Kenya and Finland
Väliö, Lauri
This study was commissioned by Kenyan TMS Consulting Group with the purpose to compare and make recommendations on how to improve safety on Kenyan construction sites. The main subject of the thesis was the comparison of occupational health and safety cultures in Kenya and Finland. The study examined Kenyan and Finnish safety cultures, laws and attitudes in general and compared the differences between them based on safety/building ordinances, as well as the feedback from the questionnaires...
Insights into safety attitudes at U.S. nuclear plants from onsite evaluations of operating events
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In 1990, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (U.S. NRC) Office for Analysis and Evaluation of Operational Data (AEOD) established a program to conduct onsite evaluations of human performance in operating events. About 20 such evaluations have been conducted. In addition, AEOD staff have participated in event reviews conducted by U.S. NRC augmented inspection teams. By interviewing key operations personnel and understanding their actions and related decisions during an operating event, insight can be gained into the site's safety culture. Further investigation, evaluation, and understanding of the root causes of the factors that influenced operator performance can yield insight into the licensee's priorities, decision-making processes, communications, and effectiveness of problem identification and corrective action processes, including management effectiveness. This paper provides an overview of AEOD's onsite human performance evaluation program and results from these evaluations. While the results from an individual site visit do not provide a detailed safety culture assessment, such visits do yield insight into a site's safety culture. By incorporating these techniques into routine event investigations, it is possible to identify emerging safety culture issues. (author)
Physician leadership: essential in creating a culture of safety.
Gluck, Paul A
Advances in patient safety require a receptive culture that values transparency, communication, and mutual respect. The Safety Attitude Questionnaire is an effective tool that can be used to assess the safety culture in a variety of clinical settings. Transformational leadership is essential in promoting a culture of safety. There are several strategies available to these leaders that will improve patient safety including Patient Safety Leadership Walkrounds, briefings, huddles, debriefings, and conflict resolution. Finally, leaders must maintain a "just culture" that recognizes most errors involve system deficiencies not human error and that disruptive behavior cannot be tolerated. PMID:20661033
Developing and establishing the validity and reliability of the perceptions toward Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP) and Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA) questionnaires
Steckel, Richard J.
Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP) and Line Operations Safety Audits (LOSA) are voluntary safety reporting programs developed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to assist air carriers in discovering and fixing threats, errors and undesired aircraft states during normal flights that could result in a serious or fatal accident. These programs depend on voluntary participation of and reporting by air carrier pilots to be successful. The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a measurement scale to measure U.S. air carrier pilots' perceived benefits and/or barriers to participating in ASAP and LOSA programs. Data from these surveys could be used to make changes to or correct pilot misperceptions of these programs to improve participation and the flow of data. ASAP and LOSA a priori models were developed based on previous research in aviation and healthcare. Sixty thousand ASAP and LOSA paper surveys were sent to 60,000 current U.S. air carrier pilots selected at random from an FAA database of pilot certificates. Two thousand usable ASAP and 1,970 usable LOSA surveys were returned and analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Analysis of the data using confirmatory actor analysis and model generation resulted in a five factor ASAP model (Ease of use, Value, Improve, Trust and Risk) and a five factor LOSA model (Value, Improve, Program Trust, Risk and Management Trust). ASAP and LOSA data were not normally distributed, so bootstrapping was used. While both final models exhibited acceptable fit with approximate fit indices, the exact fit hypothesis and the Bollen-Stine p value indicated possible model mis-specification for both ASAP and LOSA models.
Consumer Food Safety Risk Perceptions and Attitudes: Impacts on Beef Consumption across Countries
Schroeder, T.C.; Tonsor, G.T.; Pennings, J.M.E.; Mintert, J.
Beef food safety events have contributed to considerable market volatility, produced varied consumer reactions, created policy debates, sparked heated trade disputes, and generally contributed to beef industry frustrations. Utilizing data from a total of 4,005 consumers in the United States, Canada, Mexico and Japan in a Double-Hurdle modeling framework, we examine whether consumers altered their beef consumption behavior because of their risk aversion and risk perceptions stemming from infor...
International Students' Mental Health and Attitude Toward Counseling Centers
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Masoumeh Alavi
Full Text Available The main objective of this study is to identify the state of international students' mental health in a university setting. As the second objective, the study investigates students' attitudes toward seeking help from counseling centers located in their university. A sample of 150 international postgraduate students with mental health problems was selected from a population of 412. For the purpose of data collection a questionnaire was administered. The questionnaire was a researcher-made questionnaire concerning students' attitude toward seeking counseling help. The findings indicated that from the total of 150 international students with mental health problems only 49 had visited the university counseling center. The main reasons behind the reluctance of students to seek counseling help were students' negative culture and beliefs, lack of information regarding the location of the counseling center or places that offer related services, lack of necessity to visit counselors and lack of safety when visiting a counselor.
Helmreich, R. L.
Distinctions are drawn between personality traits and attitudes. The stability of the personality and the malleability of attitudes are stressed. These concepts are related to pilot performance, especially in the areas of crew coordination and cockpit resource management. Airline pilots were administered a Cockpit Management Attitudes questionnaire; empirical data from that survey are reported and implications of the data for training in crew coordination are discussed.
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A strong safety culture leads to more effective conduct of work and a sense of accountability among managers and employees, who should be given the opportunity to expand skills by training. The resources expended would thus result in tangible improvements in working practices and skills, which encourage further improvement of safety culture. In promoting an improved safety culture, NEK has emphasized both national and organizational culture with an appropriate balance of behavioural sciences and quality management systems approaches. In recent years there has been particular emphasis put on an increasing awareness of the contribution that human behavioural sciences can make to develop good safety practices. The purpose of an assessment of safety culture is to increase the awareness of the present culture, to serve as a basis for improvement and to keep track of the effects of change or improvement over a longer period of time. There is, however, no single approach that is suitable for all purposes and which can measure, simultaneously, all the intangible aspects of safety culture, i.e. the norms, values, beliefs, attitudes or the behaviours reflecting the culture. Various methods have their strengths and weaknesses. To prevent significant performance problems, self-assessment is used. Self-assessment is the process of identifying opportunities for improvement actively or, in some cases, weaknesses that could cause more serious errors or events. Self-assessments are an important input to the corrective action programme. NEK has developed questionnaires for safety culture self-assessment to obtain information that is representative of the whole organization. Questionnaires ensure a greater degree of anonymity, and create a less stressful situation for the respondent. Answers to questions represent the more apparent and conscious values and attitudes of the respondent. NEK proactively co-operates with WANO, INPO, IAEA in the areas of Safety Culture and Human Performance. NEK has a strong safety culture, driven from the top with conscious efforts to inculcate the safety thinking in employees from the very start. (author)
Public knowledge, risk perception, attitudes and practices in relation to the swine flu pandemic: A cross sectional questionnaire-based survey in Bahrain
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Essam Janahi
Full Text Available Introduction/Objectives: On 10 August 2010 World Health Organization announced that H1N1 influenza virus had moved into the post-pandemic period and hence it is time for countries to evaluate their response to the pandemic. Many studies have been done about the public perception and behaviours toward H1N1 influenza in the western world; however none has been done so far in the Gulf countries. Therefore, this paper investigates the general public knowledge, risk perception, preventive behaviours and practices during the H1N1 pandemic in Kingdom of Bahrain, as a model for the Gulf countries.Methods: The study was conducted using a cross-sectional questionnaire based survey on 771 Bahraini individuals.Results: Despite that the public showed strong adherence to the personal protective hygiene measures, most of them underestimated the threat of H1N1 pandemic as evident in their knowledge of previous pandemics or in their susceptibility perception. Furthermore, misconceptions and wrong beliefs were common, which indicates a gap in the knowledge and practice of the public. For example, most of the public were against taking H1N1 Influenza vaccine and their negative intension was based on the alleged side effects of the vaccine.Conclusion: This study provides a baseline for an ongoing surveillance programme to help the local authorities in improving their pandemic preparatory plans, especially the governmental educational and media campaign.
Evaluation of community knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions relating to water quality and safety in Luvuvhu catchment of South Africa
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L. Nare
Full Text Available The Health Belief model says for communities to take part in an activity, they need to perceive the risk of failing to take part and the benefits associated with taking part. A study was carried out in Luvuvhu catchment of South Africa to evaluate community knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions relating to water quality and safety. The study was divided into two parts. The first part involved a population of over 8000 people and participatory tools were used to speed up the data collection process. The participants were divided into "sessions" of 45 people each. Each session was divided into 3 groups of 15 people each and each group was then given an assignment to work on and write the findings on flipcharts. Each group then presented at a plenary and the research assistants recorded the findings. The second part was based on the findings from the first part of the study. One major finding was that the communities relied on the physical appearance of water to decide whether the water is safe or not for domestic use. Therefore, the second study aimed at determining the point at which the communities would stop using water for various domestic uses based on the turbidity of the water. Samples of the water with predetermined turbidity values were shown to 1000 participants and each of the participants was asked to indicate where he or she would use the water for various domestic uses such as drinking, cooking, bathing and washing utensils. Although the communities had a wealth of knowledge and practices relating to water quality and safety, their perception of safety using turbidity as an indicator did not tally with scientifically accepted guidelines. Some participants were willing to accept water with turbidity values as high as 39 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU for drinking which is above the recommended maximum turbidity levels in water for domestic use in South African National Standards (SANS 241 of 5 NTU. The communities in Luvuvhu catchment are at risk of contracting water borne diseases and they require health education to raise their level of awareness regarding water quality and safety issues.
Patient safety culture lives in departments and wards: Multilevel partitioning of variance in patient safety culture
Hofoss Dag; Deilkĺs Ellen
Abstract Background Aim of study was to document 1) that patient safety culture scores vary considerably by hospital department and ward, and 2) that much of the variation is across the lowest level organizational units: the wards. Setting of study: 500-bed Norwegian university hospital, September-December 2006. Methods Data collected from 1400 staff by (the Norwegian version of) the generic version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ Short Form 2006). Multilevel analysis by MLwiN vers...
Chinese consumers' attitude towards different pig production systems
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
de Barcellos, Marcia Dutra; Grunert, Klaus G.
This study investigates Chinese consumers' attitude towards different pig production systems by means of a conjoint analysis. While there has been a range of studies on western consumers' attitudes to various forms of food production, little is known about such attitudes in other cultural contexts. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in six Chinese cities and 473 valid questionnaires were obtained. Results indicate that Chinese consumers prefer industrial pig production systems, where traditional pig breeds are raised, over large-scale and small family farms. Farms with maximum attention to food safety which furthermore can provide lean meat with consistent quality are also preferred compared to farms that have less focus on food safety. Chinese consumers also rejected imported pig breeds and tasty but variable meat.
Parent's knowledge, attitudes and behaviours about using child car safety seat: example of Zonguldak
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Meltem Körtüncü
Full Text Available Introduction: Çocuk koltuklar?n?n otomobillerde kullan?lmas?n?n en temel nedeni araç içinde seyahat eden çocu?un kaza s?ras?nda oturdu?u yerden f?rlay?p savrulmas?n? önlemektir. Otomobile sabitlenen koltuklar çocuklar?n ba??n? ve vücudunu korumakta olup her ya? grubu çocu?un boyuna, kilosuna ve araban?n cinsine göre de?i?iklik göstermektedir Purpose: This study has been fulfilled to determine frequency of using child care auto safety seat, the level of knowledge of parents and opinions about this subject. Method and material: The data for this study were collected between the dates of 13 February and 30 June 2012. The group of this study consists of parents who applied to Mithat Pa?a and Çatala?z? and Kilimli Family Health Centers in Zonguldak. The parents who have car and child between 0-9 ages have been included into this study. The parents who have physically and mentally defectives and prematüre children, have been excluded from the study. Results: According to the results of the study, a significant relationship has been found between parents' level of education and the number of children using CCSS. Families using thecar seatwithout knowledge (55% have remarkable. Conclusions and recommendations: All the Health Staffers and the media organizations have responsible for informing and raising awareness on CCSS of parents.
Attitudes towards the surgical safety checklist and factors associated with its use: A global survey of frontline medical professionals?
Vohra, Ravinder S.; Cowley, Jonathan B.; Bhasin, Neeraj; Barakat, Hashem M.; Gough, Michael J.
Background The Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) has been shown to reduce perioperative errors and complications and its implementation is recommended by the World Health Organisation (WHO). However, it is unknown how widely this intervention is used. We investigated attitudes and factors associated with use of WHO SSC in frontline medical professionals across the globe using a survey distributed through social networks. Methods A survey of usage and opinions regarding the SSC was posted on the Facebook and Twitter pages of a not-for-profit surgical news website for one month (March 2013). Respondents were grouped into four groups based on their country's Gross National Income: high, upper middle, lower middle and low income. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate how different factors were associated with the use of the SSC. Results 6269 medical professionals from 69 countries responded to the survey: most respondents were from lower middle (47.4%) countries, followed by: high (35.0%), upper middle (14.6%), and low (3.0%) income countries. In total, 57.5% reported that they used the WHO SSC perioperatively. Fewer respondents used the WHO SSC in upper middle, lower middle and low income countries (LMICs) compared to high income countries (43.5% vs. 83.5%, p < 0.001). Female (61.3% vs. 56.4% males, p = 0.001), consultant surgeons (59.6% vs. 53.2% interns, p < 0.001) and working in university hospitals (61.4% vs. 53.7% non-university hospitals, p < 0.001) were more likely to use the SSC. Believing the SSC was useful, did not work or caused delays was independently associated with the respondents reported use of the SSC (OR 1.22 95% CI 1.07–1.39; OR 0.47 95% CI 0.36–0.60; OR 0.64 95% CI 0.53–0.77, respectively). Conclusion This study suggests the use of the WHO SSC is variable across countries, especially in LMICs where it has the most potential to improve patient safety. Critical appraisal of the documented benefits of the WHO SSC may improve its adoption by those not currently using it. PMID:25973191
Proposal for a questionnaire to assess risk perception concerning a radioactive waste repository
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
One of the key features for public acceptance of nuclear energy is the belief that radioactive waste can be managed safely, in order to protect human beings from its possible harmful effects in present and future generations. In this sense, it is essential to understand how people perceive the risk associated with radioactive waste and which the main factors driving their attitudes toward its disposal are. One of the ways to achieve this understanding is through opinion polls. In this study, a questionnaire focused on the nuclear energy acceptability issue and its association with radioactive waste management was proposed, covering the following aspects: attitudes towards radioactive waste and nuclear power, credibility on institutions and sectors responsible by the nuclear safety, identification of perceived benefits, risk perception of specific technologies and activities, perception of real risk, emotional reaction comprehension and precautionary principle. Results obtained from a pilot questionnaire application are presented and discussed in this paper. (author)
Evaluation of a nurse-led safety program in a critical care unit.
Saladino, Louise; Pickett, Lisa Clark; Frush, Karen; Mall, Anna; Champagne, Mary T
This implementation of a formalized safety program in a critical care unit highlights the importance of the "voice of the caregiver," as it relates to patient safety. This nurse-led program featured executive walkrounds and a multidisciplinary core team whose goal was to prioritize and resolve safety issues identified during the 6-month study period. Unit nurses' scores on the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire remained stable from July 2011 to February 2012. Staff identified 77 safety issues during executive walkrounds; 57% were resolved during the study period. Results indicate the clinical significance of nurse-led patient safety programs. PMID:23052353
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Scholderer, Joachim
An attitude can be defined as the evaluation of an object as positive or negative. The term "object" in this definition should be understood in a broad sense; an attitude object may be any concrete or abstract entity that is in some way represented in our thoughts and memory. In other words, attitude objects are simply the things we like or dislike. Consumer researchers are mainly interested in attitude objects of two classes, products and services, including the attributes, issues, persons, communications, situations, and behaviours related to them. Research on consumer attitudes takes two perspectives: Understanding attitude structure: how is an attitude cognitively represented in a consumer's mind, including its components (intra-attitudinal structure) and its associations with other psychological variables (inter-attitudinal structure)? Understanding information processing: what are the psychological processes through which consumers evaluate new objects (attitude formation), retrieve evaluations from memory (attitude activation), and update evaluations in response to new information (attitude change)? The purpose of this chapter is to familiarise the reader with classical and contemporary attitude theory. Why is this important? Attitudinal concepts can be found in every area of marketing. Concepts like ad liking, brand attitude, quality perception, product preference, perceived benefit, perceived risk, perceived value, and customer satisfaction can all be understood as particular types of attitudes. This is the reason why a thorough understanding of attitudes is one of the most important skills a marketer can have. That same is true in related areas such as communications research: concepts like public opinion, corporate reputation, and corporate image are nothing more than particular types of attitudes. Even the utility concept in economics can simply be regarded as a synonym for attitudes.
Gifted Adolescents' Attitudes toward Suicide.
Sloat, Robert S.; Hayes, Marnell L.
This study examined the attitudes toward and knowledge about suicide of gifted and unselected high school students. A questionnaire was developed which included items about societal factors related to suicide, warning signs of suicide, general knowledge of and attitudes about suicide, personal knowledge about suicide, and the intervention strategy…
A study on safety climate at nuclear power plants
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In the current study, we define safety climate as an organizational environment that induces members of the organization to give consideration to safety or take safety actions. It is of utmost importance that people holding managerial positions in an organization have a good understanding of the characteristics of the safety climate of the organization and implement safety promotion activities effectively. In the current research, we studied the rating scales and the characteristics of a safety climate. A survey was conducted, targeting technical engineers who belong to the three power stations of Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. The questionnaire mainly consisted of questions concerning safety measures taken by individuals and questions concerning safety measures taken by the organization, to which the individuals belong. As a result of a factor analysis of the responses, we extracted five factors, namely, 'confidence in knowledge and skill', attitude of supervisors,' 'safety education in workplace', 'clarity of tasks' and 'safety confirmation/report'. In studying the rating scales of the safety climate, we selected five items from each of the above five factors, and used the total scores of the ratings of the five items as scores of each factor. Then, we examined the correlation between scores of personal factors and scores of organizational environment factors. We treated the scores of safety confirmation/report' and 'confidence in knowledge and skill', which are peence in knowledge and skill', which are personal factors, as criterion variables, and the scores of 'attitude of supervisors', 'safety education in workplace' and 'clarity of tasks', which are organizational environment factors, as predictor variables. As a result, we found that levels of 'safety confirmation/report' and 'confidence in knowledge and skill' can be deduced from the scores of 'attitude of supervisors', 'safety education in workplace' and 'clarity of tasks.' Hence, we have decided to use these three organizational environment factors as the rating scales of the safety climate. In order to study the characteristics of the safety climate at nuclear power plants, we used a causal model with safety confirmation/report' as the result and other factors as forecasting factors. As a result of the covariance structure analysis using the causal model, it was found that 'safety confirmation/report' is an action based on confidence in knowledge and skill', and is supported by 'attitude of supervisors' and 'clarity of tasks.' The analytical results also indicate that 'safety education in workplace' plays an important role in promoting the sharing of information as a medium factor. As described, 'attitude of supervisors,' 'clarity of tasks' and 'safety education in workplace,' all of which are organizational environment factors, are important forecasting factors that influence individuals' safety actions and hence considered as constituents of the safety climate. (author)
The Use of Questionnaires in Safety Culture Studies in High Reliability Organizations. Literature Review and an Application in the Spanish Nuclear Sector; El Uso de Cuestionarios en Estudios de Cultura de Seguridad en Organizaciones de Alta Fiabilidad. Revision de la Literatura y una Aplicacion en el Sector Nuclear Espanol
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
German, S.; Navajas, J.; Silla, I.
This report examines two aspects related to the use of questionnaires in safety culture research conducted in high reliability organizations. First, a literature review of recent studies that address safety culture through questionnaires is presented. Literature review showed that most studies used only questionnaires as a research technique, were cross-sectional, applied paper-based questionnaires, and were conducted in one type of high reliability organization. Second, a research project on safety culture that used electronic surveys in a sample of experts on safety culture is discussed. This project, developed by CISOT-CIEMAT research institute, was carry out in the Spanish nuclear sector and illustrates relevant aspects of the methodological design and administration processes that must be considered to encourage participation in the study.. (Author)
... Traffic Safety Administration, American College of Emergency Physicians) Woods and Camping Safety for the Whole Family (Nemours ... Seniors Crime and Older People (National Institute on Aging) Available in Spanish Safety for Older Consumers: Home ...
Parental attitudes and opinions on the use of psychotropic medication in mental disorders of childhood
Haviara Fotini; Alevizos Elias V; Anagnostopoulos Dimitris C; Lazaratou Helen; Ploumpidis Dimitris N
Abstract Background The limited number of systematic, controlled studies that assess the safety and efficacy of psychotropic medications for children reinforce the hesitation and reluctance of parents to administer such medications. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of parents of children with psychiatric disorders, towards psychotropic medication. Methods A 20-item questionnaire was distributed to 140 parents during their first contact with an outpatient child psychiatri...
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Full Text Available The construction industry is known as one of the most hazardous activities. Therefore, safety on the job site is an important aspect with respect to the overall safety in construction. This paper assesses the safety level perception of the construction building workers towards safety, health and environment on a construction job site in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The above study was carried out by choosing 5 selected large building construction projects and 5 small building construction projects respectively in and around Kuala Lumpur area. In the present study, an exhaustive survey was carried out in these 10 project site areas using a standard checklist and a detailed developed questionnaire. The checklist comprised 17 divisions of safety measurements which are considered and perceived to be important from the safety point of view and was assessed based on the score obtained. The questionnaire comprised the general information with 36 safety attitude statements on a 1-5 Likert scale which was distributed to 100 construction workers. The results of the checklist show the difference of safety levels between the large and small projects. The study revealed that the large projects shown a high and consistent level in safety while the small projects shown a low and varied safety levels. The relationship between the factors can be obtained from the questionnaire. They are organizational commitment, factor influencing communication among workmates, worker related factors, personal role and supervisors' role factors, obstacles to safety and safe behavior factors and management commitment at all levels in line with the management structure and risk taking behavioral factors. The findings of the present study revealed invaluable indications to the construction managers especially in improving the construction workers' attitude towards safety, health and environment and hence good safety culture in the building construction industries.
Desenvolvimento e reprodutibilidade de questionário para avaliar práticas e conhecimentos em segurança alimentar de nutricionistas da área clínica Development and reliability of a questionnaire to assess clinical dietitians' practices and knowledge of food safety
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Luísa Helena Maia Leite
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Os propósitos deste estudo foram desenvolver um questionário para avaliar práticas e conhecimentos em segurança sanitária alimentar, de nutricionistas da área clínica, e medir o nível de reprodutibilidade deste questionário. MÉTODOS: O questionário foi desenvolvido a partir de seis áreas temáticas: prevençăo da contaminaçăo cruzada; higiene pessoal/ambiental; controle de temperaturas e de alimentos de alto risco e segurança alimentar para indivíduos portadores do vírus da imunodeficięncia humana/síndrome da imunodeficięncia adquirida. Para medir o nível de reprodutibilidade, utilizou-se o procedimento de teste e re-teste e a estatística kappa simples. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram os níveis de reprodutibilidade: >0,61 para 95,0%; entre 0,60-0,40 para 2,5% e 0,61, sugerindo que o mesmo representa uma boa opçăo para avaliar as práticas e os conhecimentos em segurança alimentar de nutricionistas da área clínica, visando ao planejamento de estratégias educativas.OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to develop a questionnaire to assess clinical dietitians´ practices and knowledge of food safety and determine the reliability of this instrument. METHODS: The questionnaire was developed around six areas: prevention of cross contamination, personal and environmental hygiene; control of temperature and high-risk foods and food safety for individuals with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by the test-retest method and simple Kappa statistics. RESULTS: The results showed the reliability levels: >0.61 for 95.0%, from 0.60 to 0.40 for 2.5% and 0.61, suggesting that it is a good device to assess clinical dietitians´ practices and knowledge of food safety, which allows for the planning of educational strategies.
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Oya KORKMAZ
Full Text Available Patient safety necessitates building the systems which prevent the errors that may emerge during healthcare services from occurring in such a way to harm patients and taking necessary measures. For this reason, one of the most significant duties of the hospital management is to establish and develop patient safety. Throughout patient safety, a major part of patient care and medical activities is conducted by nurses. Therefore, this study was performed with the intent of evaluating nurses' perception of management's patient safety practices on the grounds that both the number of nurses is high and nurses are a member of the healthcare staff that is object of the patient most. The population of the research comprised of 355 nurses serving at Bulent Ecevit University Practice and Research Hospital. In collecting data, questionnaire forms were used. Factor analysis, ANOVA and t-test were exploited in the statistical analysis of the data. As a result of the conducted statistical analyses, it was found that the management has to lay emphasis on supply factor in terms of patient factor.
Managerial attitude toward quality assurance
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper will present what relationships exist between the attitude toward quality assurance and the variables of training and experience on the part of managers within the nuclear power industry. Managerial attitude toward quality assurance was measured via questionnaires submitted to managers within architect-engineering, nuclear steam supplier, and constructor firms throughout the United States. The data from the completed questionnaires were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test and conclusions were drawn. Additional study results related to major factors for positive and negative attitudes toward quality assurance will be presented
Relationship between students' interests in science and attitudes toward nuclear power generation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In order to study the following two points, we conducted an attitude survey among senior high school students. Study 1 The differences in attitudes between nuclear power generation and other science and technologies. Study 2 The relationship between student's interest in science and attitudes toward nuclear power generation. In the questionnaire, the attitude toward nuclear power generation consisted of four questions: (1) pros and cons, (2) safety, (3) necessity, (4) reliability of scientists and engineers who are involved in nuclear power; and we treat four science and technology issues: (1) genetically modified foods, (2) nuclear power generation, (3) humanoid and pet robots, (4) crone technology. From study 1, on attitude to security toward nuclear power generation, about 80% of respondents answered negatively and on attitude to necessity toward it, about 75% of respondents answered positively. Therefore, we found that the structure of attitude was complicated and that it was specific to nuclear power generation. From study 2, we found students' interests in science that influence the attitude toward nuclear power generation. (author)
Causal model of safety-checking action of the staff of nuclear power plants and the organization climate
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
For those who run an organization, it is critical to identify the causal relationship between the organization's characteristics and the safety-checking action of its staff, in order to effectively implement activities for promoting safety. In this research. a causal model of the safety-checking action was developed and factors affecting it were studied. A questionnaire survey, which includes safety awareness, attitude toward safety, safety culture and others, was conducted at three nuclear power plants and eight factors were extracted by means of factor analysis of the questionnaire items. The extracted eight interrelated factors were as follows: work norm, supervisory action, interest in training, recognition of importance, safety-checking action, the subject of safety, knowledge/skills, and the attitude of an organization. Among them, seven factors except the recognition of importance were defined as latent variables and a causal model of safety-checking action was constructed. By means of covariance structure analysis, it was found that the three factors: the attitude of an organization, supervisory action and the subject of safety, have a significant effect on the safety-checking action. Moreover, it was also studied that workplaces in which these three factors are highly regarded form social environment where safety-checking action is fully supported by the workplace as a whole, while workplaces in which these three factors are poorly regarded do not fully form ors are poorly regarded do not fully form social environment where safety-checking action is supported. Therefore, the workplaces form an organizational environment where safety-checking action tends to depend strongly upon the knowledge or skills of individuals. On top of these, it was noted that the attitude of an organization and supervisory action are important factors that serve as the first trigger affecting the formation of the organizational climate for safety. (author)
Consumers' attitudes towards green food in China : A hierarchical value-attitude model
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Perrea, Toula; Grunert, Klaus G
Green food is perceived by Chinese consumers as environmentally friendly and safe to consume. Through a Value-Attitude model, the paper examines the degree to which attitudes towards green food is determined by consumers' values and their general attitudes towards environment and technology. The link between collectivism, attitudes towards environment and attitudes towards green food is the strongest one. Collectivism also influences attitudes towards technology, which in turn influence attitudes towards green food. However, the lack of significant relationship between individualism and attitudes towards technology points towards the belief of Chinese people that technology is a positive determinant of food safety, and that interest in technology steams from altruistic predispositions.
Language Learners' Acculturation Attitudes
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Vahid Rafieyan
Full Text Available Learning a language involves knowledge of both linguistic competence and cultural competence. Optimal development of linguistic competence and cultural competence, however, requires a high level of acculturation attitude toward the target language culture. To this end, the present study explored the acculturation attitudes of 70 Iranian undergraduate students of English as a Foreign Language, following a one-semester academic sojourn in the United States. The data of the study were collected through a 29-item 5-point Likert scale acculturation attitude questionnaire. Findings indicated that sojourners tended to have close contact with the people of the target society while maintaining their original culture, adopting Integration and Assimilation strategies as their acculturation attitudes. The pedagogical implications of the findings suggested providing opportunities for students of English as a Foreign Language to immerse in the target language culture through organizing academic exchange programs.
Questionnaire Development Resources
Resources made available by DCEG for use in developing study questionnaires. Includes questionnaires reviewed and approved by DCEG's Technical Evaluation Committee, as well as non-reviewed questionnaire modules to be used as starting points for development.
Evaluation of Safety Culture Implementation and Socialization Results
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Evaluation of safety culture implementation and socialization results has been perform. Evaluation is carried out with specifying safety culture indicators, namely: Meeting between management and employee, system for incidents analysis, training activities related to improving safety, meeting with regulator, contractors, surveys on behavioural attitudes, and resources allocated to promote safety culture. Evaluation is based on observation and visiting the facilities to show the compliance indicator in term of good practices in the frame of safety culture implementation. For three facilities of research reactors, Kartini Yogyakarta, TRIGA Mark II Bandung and MPR-GAS Serpong, implementation of safety culture is considered good enough and progressive. Furthermore some indicator should be considered more intensive, for example the allocated resources, self assesment based on own questionnaire in the frame of improving the safety culture implementation. (author)
An evaluation of an airline cabin safety education program for elementary school children.
Liao, Meng-Yuan
The knowledge, attitude, and behavior intentions of elementary school students about airline cabin safety before and after they took a specially designed safety education course were examined. A safety education program was designed for school-age children based on the cabin safety briefings airlines given to their passengers, as well as on lessons learned from emergency evacuations. The course is presented in three modes: a lecture, a demonstration, and then a film. A two-step survey was used for this empirical study: an illustrated multiple-choice questionnaire before the program, and, upon completion, the same questionnaire to assess its effectiveness. Before the program, there were significant differences in knowledge and attitude based on school locations and the frequency that students had traveled by air. After the course, students showed significant improvement in safety knowledge, attitude, and their behavior intention toward safety. Demographic factors, such as gender and grade, also affected the effectiveness of safety education. The study also showed that having the instructor directly interact with students by lecturing is far more effective than presenting the information using only video media. A long-term evaluation, the effectiveness of the program, using TV or video accessible on the Internet to deliver a cabin safety program, and a control group to eliminate potential extraneous factors are suggested for future studies. PMID:24286820
Niels Dupont
CERN Safety rules and Radiation Protection at CMS The CERN Safety rules are defined by the Occupational Health & Safety and Environmental Protection Unit (HSE Unit), CERN's institutional authority and central Safety organ attached to the Director General. In particular the Radiation Protection group (DGS-RP1) ensures that personnel on the CERN sites and the public are protected from potentially harmful effects of ionising radiation linked to CERN activities. The RP Group fulfils its mandate in collaboration with the CERN departments owning or operating sources of ionising radiation and having the responsibility for Radiation Safety of these sources. The specific responsibilities concerning "Radiation Safety" and "Radiation Protection" are delegated as follows: Radiation Safety is the responsibility of every CERN Department owning radiation sources or using radiation sources put at its disposition. These Departments are in charge of implementing the requi...
Effect of national cultural values on safety climate, and safety management system
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This paper investigates the critical role played by the national culture in influencing how workers safely or otherwise behave (mainly in risky situations) on construction sites, and how site managers implement safety management processes and practices. The paper presents the findings of an empirical research study based on a questionnaire survey, administered in Pakistan, targeting construction site managers and workers to gauge the effect national culture has on managers preferences for and perceptions of safety management systems (policies and practices) and than linking this effect to predict workers attitudes and intentional behaviors. (author)
A study on people's awareness of the causal factors of the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident and measures to ensure nuclear power plants safety. Questionnaire survey conducted in the Kansai area
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In this study, we conducted three questionnaire surveys targeting a total of 808 respondents living in the cities of Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe, in order to elucidate people's awareness of the following 1) the causal factors of the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident, 2) measures taken by electric power companies to ensure nuclear power plants safety, 3) management measures for earthquake and tsunami disaster. The results revealed that 1) the causal factors of the accident the respondents were aware of were a) a mega earthquake and tsunami disaster, b) insufficient preparations for an earthquake and tsunami disaster, c) failure to take adequate management decisions and insufficient preparations to prevent severe nuclear power plant accidents, d) high confidence in nuclear power plants safety, 2) most respondents knew about the information concerning the measures taken by electric power companies from television and newspapers, and only a few respondents sought additional information, 3) respondents were anxious about a) the uncertainty of pre-disaster hazard assumptions and management measures, b) limitations of technological countermeasures against the natural disasters, c) the tendency to overvalue the safety measures. (author)
Food Sanitation Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior for the University Restaurants Employees
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wen-Hwa Ko
Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to discuss the food sanitation knowledge, attitude, and behavior for the employees of university restaurants, and furthermore, to explain the interrelations of these various were occurring at school. A questionnaire survey procedure was used. Each two constructs of food sanitation attitude and behavior were analyzed by factor analysis. Data was analyzed by description, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. The correctness rate toward the whole sanitation knowledge of trials was 70%. The overall attitude toward food sanitation was prone to positive and the attitude of employee self-responsibility was superior to the attitude of food sanitation practice. The sanitary guiding behavior was better than the sanitary habit behavior; and there was a significant relationship indicated through Pearson correlation analysis among three various. The sanitation knowledge and sanitation attitude showed a 42.6% predictive power to behavior, the attitude was mediated between knowledge and behavior. The university restaurant employees shared a more pessimistic view toward the benefits of training and the institutions could establish a committee for monitoring food nutrition and sanitation. It provides valuable information for development employees training while seeking to raise school restaurant food safety levels.
Ritter, Lois A. Ed.; Sue, Valerie M., Ed.
Internet-based surveys are still relatively new, and researchers are just beginning to articulate best practices for questionnaire design. Online questionnaire design has generally been guided by the principles applying to other self-administered instruments, such as paper-based questionnaires. Web-based questionnaires, however, have the potential…
Knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding antibiotics use and misuse among adults in the community of Jordan. A pilot study
Shehadeh, Mayadah; Suaifan, Ghadeer; Darwish, Rula M.; Wazaify, Mayyada; Zaru, Luna; Alja'fari, Suzan
Factors associated with antibiotic use, resistance and safety have been well recognized worldwide in the literature. Nevertheless, only few studies have been conducted in Jordan in this area. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, behavior and attitude toward antibiotics use among adult Jordanians. The study represents a cross sectional survey using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Data collected from a random sample of 1141 adult Jordanians, recruited at different settings,...
Is road safety management linked to road safety performance?
Papadimitriou, Eleonora; Yannis, George
This research aims to explore the relationship between road safety management and road safety performance at country level. For that purpose, an appropriate theoretical framework is selected, namely the 'SUNflower' pyramid, which describes road safety management systems in terms of a five-level hierarchy: (i) structure and culture, (ii) programmes and measures, (iii) 'intermediate' outcomes'--safety performance indicators (SPIs), (iv) final outcomes--fatalities and injuries, and (v) social costs. For each layer of the pyramid, a composite indicator is implemented, on the basis of data for 30 European countries. Especially as regards road safety management indicators, these are estimated on the basis of Categorical Principal Component Analysis upon the responses of a dedicated road safety management questionnaire, jointly created and dispatched by the ETSC/PIN group and the 'DaCoTA' research project. Then, quasi-Poisson models and Beta regression models are developed for linking road safety management indicators and other indicators (i.e. background characteristics, SPIs) with road safety performance. In this context, different indicators of road safety performance are explored: mortality and fatality rates, percentage reduction in fatalities over a given period, a composite indicator of road safety final outcomes, and a composite indicator of 'intermediate' outcomes (SPIs). The results of the analyses suggest that road safety management can be described on the basis of three composite indicators: "vision and strategy", "budget, evaluation and reporting", and "measurement of road user attitudes and behaviours". Moreover, no direct statistical relationship could be established between road safety management indicators and final outcomes. However, a statistical relationship was found between road safety management and 'intermediate' outcomes, which were in turn found to affect 'final' outcomes, confirming the SUNflower approach on the consecutive effect of each layer. PMID:23969271
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This annual report of the Senior Inspector for the Nuclear Safety, analyses the nuclear safety at EDF for the year 1999 and proposes twelve subjects of consideration to progress. Five technical documents are also provided and discussed concerning the nuclear power plants maintenance and safety (thermal fatigue, vibration fatigue, assisted control and instrumentation of the N4 bearing, 1300 MW reactors containment and time of life of power plants). (A.L.B.)
Keeping our children safe in motor vehicles: knowledge, attitudes and practice among parents in Kuwait regarding child car safety.
Raman, Sudha R; Landry, Michel D; Ottensmeyer, C Andrea; Jacob, Susan; Hamdan, Elham; Bouhaimed, Manal
Child safety restraints can reduce risk of death and decrease injury severity from road traffic crashes; however, knowledge about restraints and their use in Kuwait is limited. A cross-sectional, self-administered survey about child car safety was used among a convenience sample of parents of children aged 18 years or younger at five Kuwaiti university campuses. Of 552 respondents, over 44% have seated a child in the front seat and 41.5% have seated a child in their lap while driving. Few parents are aware of and fewer report using the appropriate child restraint; e.g., 36% of parents of infants recognised an infant seat and 26% reported using one. Over 70% reported wearing seat belts either "all of the time" (33%) or "most of the time" (41%). This new information about parents' knowledge and practice regarding child car seat use in Kuwait can inform interventions to prevent child occupant injury and death. PMID:23230995
Diseńo y validación de un cuestionario de calidad de los cuidados de Enfermería del Trabajo en los Servicios de Prevención / Design of a questionnaire on the quality of occupational health nursing at the safety management services
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Esperanza, Alonso Jiménez; Pedro, Cabeza Díaz; Gemma, Gutiérrez Fernández; Ana Rosa, Pérez Manjón; Pablo, Tomé Bravo.
Full Text Available Origen y objetivos: El objetivo principal de este trabajo será elaborar un cuestionario que nos permita conocer la percepción de los trabajadores sobre las actividades que realiza la enfermería del trabajo en los diferentes Servicios de Prevención. Método: El cuestionario se divide en tres partes: 1 [...] ) Variables sociodemográficas, formadas por 4 items; 2) Opinión sobre el servicio de prevención, formado por 15 items; 3) Opinión de los trabajadores sobre la atención de enfermería, formado por 23 items. Se analizó el comportamiento métrico del cuestionario respecto a la validez de constructo, de criterio y la consistencia interna, para lo cual, se opta por hacerlo según los criterios básicos de Moriyama y el cálculo de índice ? de Conbrach. Para ello se repartieron 55 cuestionarios de control en los diferentes servicios de prevención de la Comunidad de Cantabria y se trataron los datos con el programa SPSS v.15 de análisis estadístico. Resultados: Se superó el criterio de validación establecido, con resultados superiores al 80% en la valoración de los expertos. Encontramos una buena consistencia interna, evidenciada por un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.837 en cada sección. Conclusión: El cuestionario reúne suficientes propiedades psicométricas para ser considerado una herramienta útil y fiable capaz de medir con objetividad la satisfacción de los trabajadores con los cuidados de la enfermería del trabajo. Abstract in english Introduction and Aim: The main aim of this study is to draw up a "Questionnaire on Satisfaction with Occupational Health Nursing" (Cuestionario de satisfacción con los cuidados de la enfermería del trabajo - CUSACET), which will enable us to gauge users' perceptions with regard to the occupational h [...] ealth nursing work carried out by the various safety management services. Materials and Method: The questionnaire is designed to encompass three dimensions: a. Sociodemographic: consisting of four items. b. Opinion of the safety management services: consisting of fifteen items. c. Opinion of care received from the nursing staff at the safety management service, measured by twenty-three items. We opted to do the validation according to the basic criteria of Moriyama and by applying Cronbach's Alpha index. To this end, 55 control questionnaires were given out at various safety management services in Cantabria. The questionnaires were collected and the data recorded onto the statistical analysis program SPSS v.15. Results: The criterion established for validity was exceeded, with results above 80% in assessment by experts in accordance with Moriyama's basic criteria. We encountered good internal consistency, as evidenced by a Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.837 in each section. Conclusions: This paper presents a new instrument, specifically designed to measure the quality of occupational health nursing care through the perceptions of the users who receive it which is reliable and easy to use.
Adaptaçăo transcultural e reprodutibilidade de questionário para avaliaçăo de conhecimento e atitude de profissionais de saúde frente a casos de abuso físico infantil / Cross-cultural adaptation and reproducibility of a questionnaire to assess the knowledge and attitude of health professionals in cases of child physical abuse
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Fernando, Silva-Oliveira; Efigęnia Ferreira e, Ferreira; Flávio de Freitas, Mattos; Marco Túlio de Freitas, Ribeiro; Luís Otavio de Miranda, Cota; Míriam Pimenta, Vale; Patrícia Maria, Zarzar.
Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar transculturalmente e avaliar a reprodutibilidade de um questionário desenvolvido por uma equipe da Universidade de Londres, usado na avaliaçăo do conhecimento e da atitude de profissionais da atençăo primária frente a casos de abuso físico infantil. A traduçăo seg [...] uiu os critérios descritos por Herdman, 1998, de forma criteriosa, de modo a preservar ao máximo a equivalęncia funcional. O questionário adaptado foi aplicado em 107 profissionais de saúde de Belo Horizonte. Os testes Kappa Simples e Ponderado foram utilizados para avaliar a reprodutibilidade deste instrumento. A maioria das questőes apresentou valores aos testes Kappa acima de 80% (excelente). A versăo brasileira do questionário apresentou-se, portanto, adaptada e com boa reprodutibilidade. Abstract in english The scope of this study was to conduct cross-cultural adaptation and evaluate the reproducibility of a questionnaire designed by a team from the University of London to assess knowledge and attitudes of health professionals during primary care when faced with cases of child physical abuse. The trans [...] lation rigorously followed the criteria described by Herdman (1998), to maintain maximum functional equivalence. The adapted questionnaire was tested on 107 health care professionals from Belo Horizonte. Standard and Weighted Kappa tests were used to evaluate the reproducibility of the instrument. Most of the questions achieved Kappa test values above 80% (excellent). The Brazilian version of the questionnaire was, therefore, adapted and had proven reproducibility.
Black consumer's attitudes towards Advertising
Tladi, W. S.; Le Roux, A. G.
Questionnaire responses of a group of semi-literate and illiterate Blacks were analysed in order to establish the nature of attitudes towards various aspects of advertising. Feelings on the necessity for advertising, its credibility, effectiveness, impact and the nature of the advertising media were investigated. Significant attitudes were established and contrasting views could partly be ascribed to the composition of the experimental group.
Improving occupational safety and health by integration into product development
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Broberg, Ole
A cross-sectional case study was performed in a large company producing electro-mechanical products for industrial application. The objectives were: (i) to study the product development process and the role of key actors', (ii) to identify current practice on integrating occupational safety and health into the development process, especially the efforts and attitudes of design and production engineers', and (iii) to identify key actors'reflections on how to improve this integration. The study was based on qualitative as well as quantitative methods including interviews, questionnaires and studies of documents. A questionnaire regarding product development tasks and occupational safety and health were distributed to 30 design and production engineers. A total of 27 completed the questionnaire corresponding to a response rate of 90 per cent.
Premarital Sexual Behavior, Attitudes, and Emotional Adjustment
Diamant, Louis
No relationship was found between adjustment and premarital sexual intercourse for either male or female subjects. Low permissiveness scores (Attitude Scales on Sexual Permissiveness and Sexual Behavior Questionnaires) were related to maladjustment in males. (DB)
Attitudes of medical students to necropsy
AIM: To compare the attitudes of students towards the necropsy at different stages of their undergraduate career. METHOD: Students in the first, fourth and sixth academic years (n = 283) were asked to respond anonymously to a questionnaire comprised of 26 attitude statements. These statements dealt with the importance of the necropsy in medicine, rapport with the bereaved family and emotional reactions to the necropsy. RESULTS: Of the students, 226 (80%) completed the questionnaire. Overall, ...
Eating attitudes and family relationships
Gunnard, Katarina
A self-administered questionnaire, investigated how eating and drinking differ cross-culturally between Scotland and Spain, and in particular whether Scottish and Spanish family relationships, self-esteem, early patterns and psychosocial factors have an effect on eating attitudes. Self-report questionnaires were distributed to a general population sample consisting of 100 female adults [50 from Barcelona group and 50 from Edinburgh group]. The age ranged between 20-26 years old. The res...
Jordanian School Counselors' Knowledge about and Attitudes toward Diabetes Mellitus
Tannous, Adel G.; Khateeb, Jamal M.; Khamra, Hatem A.; Hadidi, Muna S.; Natour, Mayada M.
This study investigated the knowledge and attitudes of Jordanian school counselors toward diabetes mellitus. A sample of 295 counselors completed a questionnaire consisting of two parts concerning knowledge and attitudes. The face validity of the questionnaire was assessed using an informed panel of judges, and its reliability was established…
Kuruvilla, P. K.; John, Jacob K.
58 subjects doing their compulsory rotating internship were evaluated on their knowledge and attitude to psychiatric illness using a multiple choice questionnaire, case history vignettes and an open ended attitude questionnaire. All of them had had a series of lectures and 4 weeks clinical posting 3 years prior to evaluation and weekly ethics for 3 months in the year before.
Adolescents' Attitudes toward Ecstasy Using
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
N Seyedfatemi
Full Text Available Background & Aim: Using illicit drugs such as Ecstasy is a deviant behavior in adolescents. Attitude toward using illicit drugs can predict its usage. This study was carried out in order to determine the adolescents' attitude toward using Ecstasy in 2006. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, eight hundred adolescents aged 16-18 years who lived in the west of Tehran recruited from public regions of municipality. Data was gathered using authors-structured questionnaire. After filling in informed consents, the questionnaires were completed by the respondents. Results: Findings revealed that 78.9 % of the adolescents had negative attitudes and 17.5% had positive attitudes toward using Ecstasy. Boys and girls attitudes were not significantly different. Conclusion: Regarding relatively high negative attitudes among the adolescents toward Ecstasy using, it seems that investments in health promoting programs were appropriate. Nevertheless, along with these programs, parents and teachers should pay more attention to the issue. Key words: adolescent, attitude, drug abuse, Ecstasy
Literary response and attitude toward reading fiction
Schooten, Erik Joost
De studies betreffen de attitude ten aanzien van het lezen van fictie en de literaire respons van leerlingen in het voortgezet onderwijs. De attitude is gemeten met een vragenlijst gebaseerd op het 'Model of Planned Behavior' van Ajzen en Fishbein (Ajzen, 1991). De gebruikte literaire responsvragenlijst is de door Miall en Kuiken (1995) ontwikkelede Literary Response Questionnaire (LRQ) ... Zie: Samenvatting
Extensionists` Attitude Toward Sustainable Agriculture in Iran
Allahyari, M. S.
This study was conducted to identify the attitudes of extension professionals toward sustainable agriculture concepts. This study used a survey design and was conducted with a random sample of 87 agricultural extensionists in Iran. To identify the attitudes toward sustainable agriculture concepts, a self-designed questionnaire was developed to gather data. Content validity of the instrument was established by a panel of experts. Results indicated that extensionists` attitudes were moder...
Defining safety culture and the nexus between safety goals and safety culture. 1. An Investigation Study on Practical Points of Safety Management
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In a report after the Chernobyl accident, the International Atomic Energy Agency indicated the definition and the importance of safety culture and the ideal organizational state where safety culture pervades. However, the report did not mention practical approaches to enhance safety culture. In Japan, although there had been investigations that clarified the consciousness of employees and the organizational climate in the nuclear power and railway industries, organizational factors that clarified the level of organization safety and practical methods that spread safety culture in an organization had not been studied. The Central Research Institute of the Electric Power Industry conducted surveys of organizational culture for the construction, chemical, and manufacturing industries. The aim of our study was to clarify the organizational factors that influence safety in an organization expressed in employee safety consciousness, commitment to safety activities, rate of accidents, etc. If these areas were clarified, the level of organization safety might be evaluated, and practical ways could be suggested to enhance the safety culture. Consequently, a series of investigations was conducted to clarify relationships among organizational climate, employee consciousness, safety management and activities, and rate of accidents. The questionnaire surveys were conducted in 1998-1999. The subjects were (a) managers of the safety management sections in the head offices of the connt sections in the head offices of the construction, chemical, and manufacturing industries; (b) responsible persons in factories of the chemical and manufacturing industries; and (c) general workers in factories of the chemical and manufacturing industries. The number of collected data was (a) managers in the head office: 48 from the construction industry and 58 from the chemical and manufacturing industries, (b) responsible persons in factories: 567, and (c) general workers: from 29 factories. Items in the questionnaires were selected from among those of existing questionnaires about safety culture, organizational climate, and individual safety consciousness. From the results of investigations, it was supposed that the establishment of a safety management system to which the whole organization is committed and that has top-down and bottom-up cycles is necessary to enhance organization safety. For example, it was clarified that employee safety consciousness is relevant to 'the action of safety management section' and to two kinds of organization climate, i.e., 'good human relationship' and 'frequent discussion on safety'. As for worker motivation for safety, it was clarified that commitment to safety activities was directly influenced by 'safety activities adhering to actual work sites', 'advance check', and 'frequent discussion on safety' as a result of correlation analysis among traits of safety activity, attitude during daily work, and organizational climate (Fig. 1). In addition, it was also supposed that the commitment was influenced by 'good human relationship', 'pride in work', and 'communication between head office and work sites' indirectly according to the result of the same analysis. Thus, it is supposed that ideas to make safety activities adhere to actual work sites and good human relationships are necessary for organization safety as well as for the establishment of the safety management system. The state of the organization and work sites before the safety system and activities are enforced must also be assessed. According to the results, the construction, chemical, and manufacturing industries differed in types of safety systems and activities conducted because the system types and activities to be conducted depended on the type of work or work site. Hence, to diagnose an organization and to provide an appropriate safety system and activities that reflect the diagnosis are important to enforce safety culture from the viewpoint of usability and interface of the safety management system. (authors)
The recent dramatic decline in road mortality in France: how drivers' attitudes towards road traffic safety changed between 2001 and 2004 in the GAZEL cohort.
Constant, Aymery; Salmi, Louis Rachid; Lafont, Sylviane; Chiron, Mireille; Lagarde, Emmanuel
A very significant decline in the number of road casualties has been observed recently in France, concomitantly with a dramatic increase in law enforcement. The aim of this study was (i) to assess changes in attitudes about road traffic accident (RTA) prevention initiatives in France from 2001 to 2004 and (ii) to identify factors associated with an increase in positive attitudes towards RTA prevention initiatives. In 2001 and 2004, 9216 participants reported their attitudes towards traffic sa...
Attitudes toward Life and Death and Suicidality in Young Adults.
Payne, Brenda J.; Range, Lillian M.
Examines attitudes toward life and death, alone and in combination with life events, to determine suicide risk for young adults. Used the Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency Scale for Adolescents, Life and Death Attitudes Scale, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire, Death Anxiety Scale, and Life Experiences Survey to measure responses of 140 young adults…
High School Students' Knowledge and Attitudes regarding Biotechnology Applications
Ozel, Murat; Erdogan, Mehmet; Usak, Muhammet; Prokop, Pavol
The purpose of this study was to investigate high school students' knowledge and attitudes regarding biotechnology and its various applications. In addition, whether students' knowledge and attitudes differed according to age and gender were also explored. The Biotechnology Knowledge Questionnaire (BKQ) with 16 items and the Biotechnology Attitude…
Assessment of safety culture within the radiotherapy department of the Bordeaux University Hospital Centre
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The assessment of the safety culture within a radiotherapy department has been performed by using a Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). It assesses the safety environment, the team cooperation quality, the satisfaction related to professional activity, the approval of management actions, the perception of the work environment quality and of logistic support, and the acknowledgment of the influence of stress on performance. The survey has been performed before and after the support intervention of a hospital audit and expertise mission in relationship with the National cancer Institute (Inca). The comparison of results before and after this support intervention shows a general score improvement for the SAQ. Short communication
Entrepreneurial Attitudes among Potential Entrepreneurs
Akhtar Ali (Corresponding author); Topping, Keith J.; Tariq, Riaz H.
This article explores entrepreneurial attitudes among potential entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Multi-stage sampling maximized representation. Four hundred and eighty masters of business administration (MBA) students (potential entrepreneurs) from six public sector Pakistani universities returned completed questionnaires. Three factors emerged: entrepreneurial acceptability, entrepreneurial intentions and personal factors. Moreover, the perceptions of the potential entrepreneurs on locus of contro...
Stone, D. H.
The design of questionnaires is a craft which has been badly neglected by the medical profession. A questionnaire should be appropriate, intelligible, unambiguous, unbiased, capable of coping with all possible responses, satisfactorily coded, piloted, and ethical. The key steps in designing a questionnaire are to: decide what data you need, select items for inclusion, design the individual questions, compose the wording, design the layout and presentation, think about coding, prepare the firs...
Some correlates of individuals' attitudes toward lesbians.
Simon, A
The relationship between individuals' attitudes toward lesbians and other attitudes and personal characteristics was investigated. A total of 564 participants completed the Attitudes Toward Lesbians (ATL) scale (Herek, 1988) along with items assessing interactions with lesbians. Additionally, smaller portions of the sample received some combination of other questionnaires. Most predictions were supported: attitudes were generally not related to respondent sex and gender role self-concept, and positive attitudes were associated with having positive contact with lesbians, lesbian friends, and contemporary attitudes toward women. Predictions involving the relationship between attitudes and social desirability, sexual permissiveness, and love style received mixed support. The two-fold purpose of the investigation, to provide information about correlates and to replicate past trends, was accomplished. PMID:7594410
C. Schaefer and N. Dupont
"Safety is the highest priority": this statement from CERN is endorsed by the CMS management. An interpretation of this statement may bring you to the conclusion that you should stop working in order to avoid risks. If the safety is the priority, work is not! This would be a misunderstanding and misinterpretation. One should understand that "working safely" or "operating safely" is the priority at CERN. CERN personnel are exposed to different hazards on many levels on a daily basis. However, risk analyses and assessments are done in order to limit the number and the gravity of accidents. For example, this process takes place each time you cross the road. The hazard is the moving vehicle, the stake is you and the risk might be the risk of collision between both. The same principle has to be applied during our daily work. In particular, keeping in mind the general principles of prevention defined in the late 1980s. These principles wer...
Validity Issues in the Likert and Thurstone Approaches to Attitude Measurement.
Roberts, James S.; Laughlin, James E.; Wedell, Douglas H.
Highlights the theoretical differences between the approaches of R. Likert (1932) and L. Thurstone (1928) to attitude measurement. Uses real and simulated data on attitudes toward abortion to illustrate that attitude researchers should pay more attention to the empirical-response characteristics of items on a Likert attitude questionnaire. (SLD)
Attitude toward Plagiarism among Iranian Medical Faculty Members
Seyed Hassan Emami-Razavi; Kiarash Aramesh; Kiana Hassanpour; Abbas Norouzi-Javidan; Mahsa Ghajarzadeh
The goal of this study was to assess attitude towards plagiarism in faculty members of Medical School at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. One hundred and twenty medical faculty members ofTehran University of Medical Sciences were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. They were asked to answer to valid and reliable Persian version of attitude towards plagiarism questionnaire. Attitude toward plagiarism, positive attitude toward self-plagiarism and plagiarism acceptance were assessed. E...
Entrepreneurial Attitudes among Potential Entrepreneurs
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Akhtar Ali (Corresponding author
Full Text Available This article explores entrepreneurial attitudes among potential entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Multi-stage sampling maximized representation. Four hundred and eighty masters of business administration (MBA students (potential entrepreneurs from six public sector Pakistani universities returned completed questionnaires. Three factors emerged: entrepreneurial acceptability, entrepreneurial intentions and personal factors. Moreover, the perceptions of the potential entrepreneurs on locus of control, self efficacy, subjective norms and instrumental readiness were also analyzed. The majority of students showed generally positive attitudes towards entrepreneurship at all six universities. Overall there was a significant difference between negative and positive attitudes (negative mean 184, positive mean 284. There was also some impact of demographic variables, such as university, parental income and profession. Both genders exhibited similar attitudes at most of the sample institutions. The implications for practice and policy are discussed.
M. Plagge, C. Schaefer and N. Dupont
Fire Safety – Essential for a particle detector The CMS detector is a marvel of high technology, one of the most precise particle measurement devices we have built until now. Of course it has to be protected from external and internal incidents like the ones that can occur from fires. Due to the fire load, the permanent availability of oxygen and the presence of various ignition sources mostly based on electricity this has to be addressed. Starting from the beam pipe towards the magnet coil, the detector is protected by flooding it with pure gaseous nitrogen during operation. The outer shell of CMS, namely the yoke and the muon chambers are then covered by an emergency inertion system also based on nitrogen. To ensure maximum fire safety, all materials used comply with the CERN regulations IS 23 and IS 41 with only a few exceptions. Every piece of the 30-tonne polyethylene shielding is high-density material, borated, boxed within steel and coated with intumescent (a paint that creates a thick co...
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
This is a study of risk perception and attitudes with regard to nuclear waste. Two data sets are reported. In the first set, data were obtained from a survey of the general population, using an extensive questionnaire. The second set constituted a follow-up 7 years later, with a limited number of questions. The data showed that people considered the topic of nuclear waste risks to be very important and that they were not convinced that the technological problems had been solved. Experts associated with government agencies were moderately trusted, while those employed by the nuclear industry were much distrusted by some respondents, and very much trusted by others. Moral obligations to future generations were stressed. A large portion (more than 50 per cent) of the variances in risk perception could be explained by attitude to nuclear power, general risk sensitivity and trust in expertise. Most background variables, except gender, had little influence on risk perception and attitudes. The follow-up study showed that the attitude to nuclear power had become more positive over time, but that people still doubted that the problems of nuclear waste disposal had been solved. 49 refs
Development and Adaptation of Iranian Youth Reproductive Health Questionnaire
Safar Ali Esmaeili Vardanjani; Katayon Vakilian; Afsaneh Keramat; Abbas Mousavi
Iran is a young country, and sexual behavior is shaped in this period. This research aimed to provide an assessment tool to evaluate Iranian youth reproductive health. This multistage research was conducted to design a valid questionnaire in the domains of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the youth in order to evaluate behavior change programs. For this reason, after conducting a careful literature review and a qualitative research, the questionnaire was prepared. Forward and backward tra...
Geriatrics in medical students' curricula: questionnaire-based analysis
Wiese, Christoph HR; Fragemann, Kirstin; Keil, Peter C; Bundscherer, Anika Christin; Lindenberg, Nicole; Lassen, Christoph L.; Markowski, Klara; Graf, Bernhard M; Trabold, Benedikt
Background Demographic development is accompanied by an increasingly aging society. Concerning medical education, the treatment of older people as well as the scientific research and exploration of ageing aspects in the coming years need to be considered. Aim of the study was to ascertain medical students' knowledge, interest, and attitudes regarding older patients and geriatric medicine. Methods Each participant completed a self-designed questionnaire. This questionnaire was base...
Impact of work experience placements on school students' attitude towards mental illness
Kennedy, Vanathi; Belgamwar, Ravindra B.
Aims and method Research shows that 16- to 19-year-olds express the greatest level of negative attitudes towards people with mental illness. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of work experience placements in influencing secondary-school students' attitudes towards mental illness and career choices. The Adolescent Attitude Towards Mental Illness questionnaire measured and assessed the adolescents' attitude changes. Pre- and post-evaluation questionnaires assessed changes in their car...
Construcción y validación de un cuestionario para medir conductas, conocimientos y actitudes sobre la higiene de las manos en personal sanitario en formación / Construction and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure Behavior, Knowledge and Attitudes on Hand Hygiene in Health Personnel Training
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Joaquín, González-Cabrera; María, Fernández-Prada; María Dolores, Martínez-Bellón; Milagros, Fernández-Crehuet; José, Guillén-Solvas; Aurora, Bueno-Cavanillas.
Full Text Available Fundamento: La higiene de manos en el contexto sanitario es un comportamiento complejo. Rara vez se ha determinado el papel conjunto de los conocimientos y las actitudes como predictores de la conducta de higiene de manos. El objetivo principal del trabajo es la descripción de la elaboración de un c [...] uestionario sobre higiene de manos y el análisis de sus propiedades de medida. Método: Estudio instrumental en el que se diseńó y validó un cuestionario. Se llevó acabo en enero de 2009. Éste constó finalmente de 50 ítems que evalúan la intención de conducta antes y después del contacto con el paciente, los conocimientos declarativos y las actitudes sobre la higiene de manos. Se aplicó a 431 estudiantes de ciencias de la salud de la Universidad de Granada. Resultados: Se han realizado tres análisis factoriales, obteniendo finalmente un valor de convergencia general que explica el 46,01% de la varianza total y una alta fiabilidad (a=0,843). Existe correlación entre los conocimientos y la intención de conducta antes y después del contacto con el paciente (p Abstract in english Background: Hand hygiene in the health context is a complex behaviour. There have been rarely given the role of the knowledge and attitudes as predictors of hand hygiene behaviour. The main objective of this work is the description of the development of a questionnaire on hand hygiene and the analys [...] is of their measurement properties. Method: An instrument which was designed and validated a questionnaire. It was held in January 2009. It finally has had 50 items that assess risk behaviour intention before and after contact with the patient, declarative knowledge and attitudes about hand hygiene. It has been applied to 431 students of health sciences at the University of Granada. Results: There were three factor analysis, ultimately obtaining a general convergence value that explains 46.01% of the total variance and high reliability (a=0,843). There is correlation between knowledge and behavior intentions before and after patient contact (p
Knowledge, attitude and practices toward pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions in postgraduate students of Tertiary Care Hospital in Gujarat.
Upadhyaya, Het B; Vora, Mukeshkumar B; Nagar, Jatin G; Patel, Pruthvish B
Being key health care professional, physicians, pharmacist and nurses have immense responsibility in reporting adverse drug reaction (ADR). Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) toward pharmacovigilance and ADRs of postgraduate students of our institute. A cross-sectional questionnaires based study was carried out in postgraduate students of the clinical department at tertiary care hospital attached with Govt. Medical College, Vadodara, Gujarat (India). A total of 22 questionnaires about KAP toward ADRs and pharmacovigilance were developed and peer viewed of all questionnaires by expert faculties from our institute. We were contacted directly to postgraduate students of respective clinical department; questionnaires were distributed and taken back after 30 min. The filled KAP questionnaires were analyzed in question wise and their percentage value was calculated by using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Postgraduate residents (n = 101) from different clinical departments were enrolled in the study. Average 34.83% correct and 64.08% incorrect knowledge about ADRs and pharmacovigilance and an average 90.76% students were agreed to reporting ADRs is necessary, mandatory and increased patient's safety. Only 7.92% of postgraduate doctors were reported ADR at institute or ADR reporting center. We concluded that postgraduate students have a better attitude toward reporting ADRs, but have lack of knowledge and poor practices of ADRs. The majority of postgraduate students were felt ADR reporting and monitoring is very important, but few had ever reported ADRs because of lack of sensitization and knowledge of pharmacovigilance and ADR. PMID:25709967
Team climate and attitudes toward information and communication technology among nurses on acute psychiatric wards.
Koivunen, Marita; Anttila, Minna; Kuosmanen, Lauri; Katajisto, Jouko; Välimäki, Maritta
Objectives: To describe the association of team climate with attitudes toward information and communication technology among nursing staff working on acute psychiatric wards. Background: Implementation of ICT applications in nursing practice brings new operating models to work environments, which may affect experienced team climate on hospital wards. Method: Descriptive survey was used as a study design. Team climate was measured by the Finnish modification of the Team Climate Inventory, and attitudes toward ICT by Burkes' questionnaire. The nursing staff (N?=?181, n?=?146) on nine acute psychiatric wards participated in the study. Results: It is not self-evident that experienced team climate associates with attitudes toward ICT, but there are some positive relationships between perceived team climate and ICT attitudes. The study showed that nurses' motivation to use ICT had statistically significant connections with experienced team climate, participative safety (p?=?0.021), support for innovation (p?=?0.042) and task orientation (p?=?0.042). Conclusion: The results suggest that asserting team climate and supporting innovative operations may lead to more positive attitudes toward ICT. It is, in particular, possible to influence nurses' motivation to use ICT. More attention should be paid to psychosocial factors such as group education and co-operation at work when ICT applications are implemented in nursing. PMID:24393065
Unpacking attitude certainty: attitude clarity and attitude correctness.
Petrocelli, John V; Tormala, Zakary L; Rucker, Derek D
Attitude certainty has been the subject of considerable attention in the attitudes and persuasion literature. The present research identifies 2 aspects of attitude certainty and provides evidence for the distinctness of the constructs. Specifically, it is proposed that attitude certainty can be conceptualized, and empirically separated, in terms of attitude clarity (the subjective sense that one knows what one's attitude is) and attitude correctness (the subjective sense that one's attitude is correct or valid). Experiment 1 uses factor analysis and correlational data to provide evidence for viewing attitude clarity and attitude correctness as separate constructs. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrate that attitude clarity and attitude correctness can have distinct antecedents (repeated expression and consensus feedback, respectively). Experiment 4 reveals that these constructs each play an independent role in persuasion and resistance situations. As clarity and correctness increase, attitudes become more resistant to counterattitudinal persuasive messages. These findings are discussed in relation to the existing attitude strength literature. PMID:17201540
Unmarried Mother's Knowledge and Attitudes toward Emergency Contraceptive Pills
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gyeong Mi Lee
Full Text Available PurposeThis study was conducted to identify relationships among knowledge and attitudes of unmarried mothers toward emergency contraceptive pills.MethodsData were collected through structured questionnaires from 135 unmarried mothers enrolled in 7 single mothers' facilities nationwide. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe-test, and Pearson correlation coefficients.ResultsFor knowledge about emergency contraceptive pills, there were significant differences among who live with her before pregnancy, experience of past pregnancies, state of present pregnancy and preparation in using contraceptives. For attitude toward emergency contraceptive pills, there were significant differences according to age, education level and religion. There were significant positive relationships between knowledge and attitudes toward emergency contraceptive pills.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that unmarried women should be better informed about emergency contraceptive pills, and reassured about their safety. Efforts are needed to disseminate up-to-date information to experts in sex education including nurses.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ahmet SEN
Full Text Available Introduction: Because of the dangers in the nature of flight, pilots have to fly in perfect medical conditions. Besides the undesirable effects of the diseases, side effects of the medications used in the treatment might also risk flight safety. In this study, we investigated the drug use attitude of Turkish Armed Forces pilots. Material-Method: In order to investigate their drug use attitude, a questionnaire was given to 408 pilots at GATA Aerospace Medical Center. Drug use attitude, drugs used by pilots and side effects were questioned. Results: 41 % of pilots reported that they used drugs during active flying. But the drug use rate of Army pilots was 57 %, which was higher than the Air Force and Navy pilots. The most common used drugs were analgesics. Conclusion: It is obvious that pilots might use drugs without informing their flight surgeon. Flight surgeons should always educate the pilots about the importance and dangers of self-medication. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2004; 3(9.000: 213-220
Agent-based organizational modelling for analysis of safety culture at an air navigation service provider
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Assessment of safety culture is done predominantly by questionnaire-based studies, which tend to reveal attitudes on immaterial characteristics (values, beliefs, norms). There is a need for a better understanding of the implications of the material aspects of an organization (structures, processes, etc.) for safety culture and their interactions with the immaterial characteristics. This paper presents a new agent-based organizational modelling approach for integrated and systematic evaluation of material and immaterial characteristics of socio-technical organizations in safety culture analysis. It uniquely considers both the formal organization and the value- and belief-driven behaviour of individuals in the organization. Results are presented of a model for safety occurrence reporting at an air navigation service provider. Model predictions consistent with questionnaire-based results are achieved. A sensitivity analysis provides insight in organizational factors that strongly influence safety culture indicators. The modelling approach can be used in combination with attitude-focused safety culture research, towards an integrated evaluation of material and immaterial characteristics of socio-technical organizations. By using this approach an organization is able to gain a deeper understanding of causes of diverse problems and inefficiencies both in the formal organization and in the behaviour of organizational agents, and to systematically identify and evaluate improvystematically identify and evaluate improvement options.
Safety Climate in a Steel-Manufacturing Plant
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Adl J
Full Text Available Background and Aim: Safety climate is a psychological phenomenon and a sub-component of safety culture, which is usually reflected in the shared workforce's perceptions about the state of safety at any particular time. It can provide an indication of the priority of safety in an organization with regard to other priorities such as production or quality. The objective of this study was to assess the safety climate profile in a steel manufacturing plant in Iran and using the results to improve the level of safety. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the UK Loughborough University Safety Climate Assessment Toolkit was used to assess the safety climate in a steel-manufacturing industry in Iran. Information was collected through interviews and questionnaires, focus group discussions, and direct observations in the filed. Safety climate scores were calculated in 17 themes.Results: A graphic representation of the safety climate scores obtained showed that safety climate in the company is at the medium level (4.80 ± 2. The highest and lowest scores were for dimensions of personal priority and need for safety (8.6± 0.8 and accidents and incidents (1±0.00. A non-significant correlation was found between worker's education and work experience on the one hand and their attitude towards safety on the other hand (p>0.05. Both management commitment and personal priority were associated with the workers' age (p= 0.03 and 0.02, respectively, while work environment was associated only with employment status (p = 0.04. Conclusion: Safety climate assessment can be a proactive safety performance indicator used to improve the level of safety in an organisation.
Analysis of Swedish consumers' attitude to Chinese food
Chen, Jie
The aim of this research is to find out what's attitude Swedish consumers have to Chinese food. The questionnaires based on the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) are handed out to 100 Swedish respondents in order to investigate their motivation on Chinese food choice. 78 questionnaires which were filled completely were selected for this study. Eleven factors involved in the questionnaire are labeled health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, natural content, price, weight control, familiarity...
Learning Chemistry at the University level : Student attitudes, motivation, and design of the learning environment
Berg, C. Anders R.
The main purpose of the research this thesis is based upon was to study students' attitudes towards learning chemistry at university level and their motivation from three perspectives. How can students' attitudes towards learning chemistry be assessed? How can these attitudes be changed? How are learning situations experienced by students with different attitude positions? An attitude questionnaire, assessing views of knowledge, learning assessments, laboratory activities, and perceived r...
Safety Culture in Sea and Aviation Transport
Ek, A?sa
The research presented in this thesis investigates sea and aviation transport safety culture, with a focus on perceptions and attitudes. A safety culture reflects the attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and values that individuals share in relation to safety. Safety culture is often identified as being essential to an organization's ability to manage safety-related aspects of its operations. The aims of this research are: to assess individual perceptions and judgments of safety culture in pr...
Facilitating improved road safety based on increased knowledge about driving behaviour and profiling sub-groups of drivers
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Martinussen, Laila Marianne
The aim of the Ph.D. study presented in this thesis was to facilitate improved road safety through increased understanding of methods used to measure driving behaviour, and through increased knowledge about driving behaviour in sub-groups of drivers. More specifically, the usefulness of the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) within a Danish context was explored, sub-groups of drivers differing in their potential danger in traffic were identified, and the relationship between implicit attitudes towards safe and risky driving and self-reported driving behaviour was explored. The methods applied were a questionnaire survey on a random sample of 4,849 drivers, and an implicit attitude test on 55 drivers. The findings are reported in four articles that all are included in this thesis. The main contributions of the thesis are the following: 1. It is shown that Danish drivers' perform aberrant behaviours with underlying mechanisms of lack of focus, emotional stress, recklessness and confusion, and hence it is highly important to further explore means to making drivers become more focused or attentive when driving, and to deal with emotional responses in traffic like impatience and frustration (Article 1). 2. It is shown that the DBQ is a valid measure across sub-groups of drivers (Article 1). 3. A Mini-DBQ is developed, which can be applied when a shorter DBQ instrument is needed(Article 2). 4. It is demonstrated that the DBQ and the DSI together can be used to identify sub-groups of drivers that differ in their potential danger in traffic, and can give a more nuanced picture of drivers' self-assessment of driving behaviour (Article 3). 5. It is suggested that different interventions should be applied in different sub-groups of drivers, and that these drivers are aware of their shortcomings in driving skills, indicating that the problem lies in the drivers' attitudes towards safety (Article 3). 6. It is indicated that rather than viewing safety and risk as two ends of a continuum, safety and risk should be understood as two separate constructs, with different underlying motives. Therefore it is suggested that interventions should focus both on increasing safety and on decreasing risk, as measures to increase attitudes towards safety might not decrease attitudes towards risk (Article 4). 7. It is shown an attitude-behaviour inconsistency within males who report high frequency of violations/errors, with the implication that even though drivers' attitudes towards safety are positive or attitudes towards risk are negative, safe behaviour will not necessarily follow (Article 4).
Attitudes to Mathematics in Primary School Children
Ann Dowker; Karina Bennett; Louise Smith
44 Grade 3 children and 45 Grade 5 children from English primary schools were given the British abilities scales basic number skills subtest, and a Mathematics Attitude and Anxiety Questionnaire, using pictorial rating scales to record their Self-rating for maths, Liking for maths, Anxiety about maths, and Unhappiness about poor performance in mathematics. There were few year group differences in attitudes. Boys rated themselves higher than girls, but did not differ significantly in actual pe...
Open educational resources: staff attitudes and awareness
Vivien Rolfe
Attitudes are changing in education globally to promote the open sharing of educational courses and resources. The aim of this study was to explore staff awareness and attitudes toward 'open educational resources' (OER) as a benchmark for monitoring future progress. Faculty staff (n=6) were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews which facilitated the development of a questionnaire. Staff respondents (n=50) were not familiar with the term OER but had a clear notion ...
Consumer attitude toward food irradiation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Consumer attitudes toward food irradiation were evaluated. The influence of educational efforts on consumer concern for the safety of irradiated products and willingness to buy irradiated foods were measured. Demographic and psychological factors were studied in relation to attitudes. An educational leaflet describing current scientific information regarding the safety, advantages, and disadvantages of food irradiation was developed and used in two studies evaluating attitude change. In the first study, attitude change among two groups of consumers with different philosophic orientations was measured. In a second study, the effectiveness of an educational leaflet received through the mail and a poster display were examined. In a third study response to food irradiation was related to value hierarchy, locus of control, innovativeness, and demographic parameters. Initially, subjects showed a higher concern for other areas of food safety, particularly the use of chemicals and sprays on food, than toward food irradiation. After educational efforts, conventional consumers expressed minor concern toward irradiation whereas ecologically sensitive alternative consumers obtained from a food cooperative expressed major concern. A knowledgeable discussion leader lowered irradiation concern among conventional consumers. In contrast, concern among alternative consumers did not diminish when given the opportunity to discuss safety issues with a knowledgeable person
Questionnaire typography and production.
Gray, M
This article describes the typographic principles and practice which provide the basis of good design and print, the relevant printing processes which can be used, and the graphic designer's function in questionnaire production. As they impose constraints on design decisions to be discussed later in the text, the various methods of printing and production are discussed first. PMID:15677172
Perceptions, attitudes and practices toward research among senior medical students
AlGhamdi, Khalid M; Moussa, Noura A.; AlEssa, Dana S.; AlOthimeen, Nermeen; Al-Saud, Adwa S.
We aimed to explore perceptions, attitudes and practices toward research among medical students. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among senior medical students at the King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Measuring consumer attitudes towards gambling
Venter, D. J. L.; Rousseau, G. G.
The main objective of this study was to measure consumer attitudes towards gambling amongst various sociodemographic groups in Port Elizabeth. The study was based on past research and used a modified version of a questionnaire developed by various authors. The sample (N=355) was drawn, using a non-probability sampling technique from English, Afrikaans and Xhosa speaking respondents in the Port Elizabeth Uitenhage area. Fieldwork was carried out by students of Industrial Psychology at the Univ...
Models of complex attitude systems
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
SŘrensen, Bjarne Taulo
Existing research on public attitudes towards agricultural production systems is largely descriptive, abstracting from the processes through which members of the general public generate their evaluations of such systems. The present paper adopts a systems perspective on such evaluations, understanding them as embedded into a wider attitude system that consists of attitudes towards objects of different abstraction levels, ranging from personal value orientations over general socio-political attitudes to evaluations of specific characteristics of agricultural production systems. It is assumed that evaluative affect propagates through the system in such a way that the system becomes evaluatively consistent and operates as a schema for the generation of evaluative judgments. In the empirical part of the paper, the causal structure of an attitude system from which people derive their evaluations of pork production systems was modelled. The analysis was based on data from a cross-cultural survey involving 1931 participants from Belgium, Denmark, Germany and Poland. The survey questionnaire contained measures of personal value orientations and attitudes towards environment and nature, industrial food production, food and the environment, technological progress, animal welfare, local employment and the local economy. In addition, the survey included a conjoint task by which participants' evaluations of the importance of production system attributes were measured. The data were analysed by means of causal search algorithms and structural equation models. The results suggest that evaluative judgments of the importance of production system attributes are generated in a schematic manner, driven by personal value orientations. The effect of personal value orientations was strong and largely unmediated by attitudes of an intermediate level of generality, suggesting that the dependent variables in the particular attitude system that was modelled here can be understood as value judgments in a literal sense.
Does personality predict medical students' attitudes to learning communication skills?
Beatriz Molinuevo; Rafael Torrubia
Objectives: To determine whether personality is related to medical students' attitudes towards learning communication skills and self-ratings on communication skills. Methods: 524 first- and 507 second-year medical students completed the Communications Skills Attitudes Scale and rated their own communication skills. First-year students answered the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and second-year students the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses, control...
Athletic Trainers' Attitudes and Judgments of Injured Athletes' Rehabilitation Adherence
Fisher, A. Craig; Mullins, Sharon A.; Frye, Patricia A.
Certified athletic trainers (ATCs) in District 2 (n=187) of the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) were asked to complete a questionnaire that assessed the attitudes and judgments of ATCs concerning numerous factors presumed to influence sport injury rehabilitation. Gender and experience differences in ATCs' attitudes and judgments about rehabilitation adherence were examined. Successful and unsuccessful adherence strategies also were reported. The questionnaire consisted of 60 st...
Defining safety culture and the nexus between safety goals and safety culture. 4. Enhancing Safety Culture Through the Establishment of Safety Goals
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Safety culture is the perception of each individual and organization of a nuclear power plant that safety is the first priority, and at Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), we have been practicing it in everyday activities. On the other hand, with the demand for competitiveness of nuclear power becoming even more intense these days, we need to pursue efficient management while maintaining the safety level at the same time. Below, we discuss how to achieve compatibility between safety culture and efficient management as well as enhance safety culture. Discussion at Tepco: safety culture-nurturing activities such as the following are being implemented: 1. informing the employees of the 'Declaration of Safety Promotion' by handing out brochures and posting it on the intranet home page; 2. publishing safety culture reports covering stories on safety culture of other industry sectors, recent movements on safety culture, etc.; 3. conducting periodic questionnaires to employees to grasp how deeply safety culture is being established; 4. carrying out educational programs to learn from past cases inside and outside the nuclear industry; 5. committing to common ownership of information with the public. The current status of safety culture in Japan sometimes seems to be biased to the quest of ultimate safety; rephrasing it, there have been few discussions regarding the sufficiency of the quantitative safety level in conjunction with the safety culture. Safety culture is one of safety culture. Safety culture is one of the most crucial foundations guaranteeing the plant's safety, and for example, the plant safety level evaluated by probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) could be said to be valid only on the ground that a sound and sufficient safety culture exists. Although there is no doubt that the safety culture is a fundamental and important attitude of an individual and organization that keeps safety the first priority, the safety culture in itself should not be considered an obstruction to efforts to implement efficient management. To seek compatibility between safety culture and efficient management, and to build an agreeable common perception among the utility, regulatory body, and the public on rationalizing the safety level to the extent acceptable, two issues must be considered: (a) establishing safety goals and (b) quantifying the safety culture. As for the first issue, currently no generic safety goal for the nuclear industry is available in Japan. This causes difficulty in deciding whether or not a specific action that takes place in a plant leading to a certain amount of risk increment is acceptable. Therefore, it is important for us to have a safety goal established. By establishing the safety goal, we could utilize it for the following usage: 1. to enable prompt response in case a safety level has entered an unacceptable level; 2. to sustain and enhance the safety culture centered by risk information (sustaining safety culture and achieving rational management simultaneously); 3. to use public relations for plant activities, where condemnation for overlooking safety culture might arrive for a minor risk increasing activity. As for the second issue, we must devise a method to quantify the level of safety culture. This could be done based on the safety culture indicators listed in the appendix of IAEA INSAG-4 (Ref. 1). By quantifying the level of safety culture, a comprehensive safety level of a plant can be evaluated by integrating with the safety level based on PSA. For example, when considering on-line maintenance for specific equipment, it is important not only to assess the safety level in terms of PSA but also to assess the level of safety culture in order to have a comprehensive view of the safety level and to compare it with the safety goal. By both establishing safety goals and quantifying the level of safety culture in a nuclear power plant, the ability to assess the comprehensive safety level of a plant and acknowledge the quantitative margin from the safety goal would become very precise. This would enable u
The Impact of Patient Safety Training on Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residents' Attitudes and Knowledge: A Mixed Method Case Study
Buhrow, Suzanne
It is estimated that in the United States, more than 40,000 patients are injured each day because of preventable medical errors. Patient safety experts and graduate medical education accreditation leaders recognize that medical education reform must include the integration of safety training focused on error causation, system engineering, and…
Questionnaire on focus semantics
Renans, Agata; Zimmermann, Malte; Greif, Markus
This is the 15th issue of the working paper series Interdisciplinary Studies on Information Structure (ISIS) of the Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 632. This online version contains the Questionnaire on Focus Semantics contributed by Agata Renans, Malte Zimmermann and Markus Greif, members of Project D2 investigating information structural phenomena from a typological perspective. The present issue provides a tool for collecting and analyzing natural data with respect to relevant linguistic que...
Research on the Maturity of Real Estate Enterprises Safety Culture
Zhang, F.; Zhang, Y.; Jun Liu,; Hanbin Luo
Safety culture plays an important role in enterprise safety production. The paper analyzed the factors of real estate enterprise safety culture construction and then designed the questionnaire and did research on real estate enterprise safety culture. The questionnaire consists of workers information and seven safety culture dimensions, including safety management system level, publicity and education training level, security issues and management participa...
Estonian and Russian Parental Attitudes to Childrearing and Play.
Saar, Aino; Niglas, Katrin
Used Neukater and van der Kooji's parental attitude questionnaire to ask three groups of mothers (Estonian, non-Estonian in Estonia, Russians in Moscow) about their attitudes toward children's education and play. Found that Estonian mothers applied least control and that higher mother education resulted in less child control and instruction. (DLH)
Science Anxiety, Science Attitudes, and Constructivism: A Binational Study
Bryant, Fred B.; Kastrup, Helge; Udo, Maria; Hislop, Nelda; Shefner, Rachel; Mallow, Jeffry
Students' attitudes and anxieties about science were measured by responses to two self-report questionnaires. The cohorts were Danish and American students at the upper secondary- and university-levels. Relationships between and among science attitudes, science anxiety, gender, and nationality were examined. Particular attention was paid to…
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The increasing vulnerability of nuclear power to political pressures fueled by public concerns, particularly about nuclear plant safety and radioactive waste disposal, has become obvious. Since Eisenhower's Atoms-for-Peace program, utility and government plans have centered on expansion of nuclear power generating capability. While supporters have outnumbered opponents of nuclear power expansion for many years, in the wake of the Three Mile Island (TMI) accident the margin of support has narrowed. The purpose of this paper is to report and put in perspective these long-term attitude trends
Testing and Validation of a Hierarchical Values-Attitudes Model in the Context of Green Food in China
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Perrea, Toula; Grunert, Klaus G
Purpose – Values-attitudes hierarchical models are quite frequent in the consumer behaviour literature. In attitudinal models speci?c to food produced in an environmentally friendly way (i.e. "green" food), past research evidence mainly originating in Western cultures posits that the strongest path of the model can be found among collectivistic consumer values, general environmental attitudes, and attitudes speci?c to green food. On the other hand, in non-Western cultures (i.e. China), green food (e.g. organic) is perceived by consumers as safer to consume. With this as point of departure, the present paper aims to examine whether attitudes towards green food in a values-attitudes model in China are determined as postulated in past Western research. Design/methodology/approach – A "typical" (i.e. Western research evidence-based) values-attitudes hierarchical model was developed and a questionnaire comprising 34 items re?ecting the conceptual model was designed. Data collection was focused on six major Chinese cities, as this is where the current changes in eating habits are predominantly taking place. Data were collected by personal interviews conducted by local researchers between January and March 2009 through a mall-intercept method. A total number of 479 respondents were recruited, equally distributed among the six cities. Findings – Collectivistic values and environmental attitudes were still found to be strong determinants of Chinese consumers' attitudes towards green foods; contrary to relevant Western ?ndings, however, collectivism also in?uenced technological attitudes; which, in turn, in?uenced attitudes towards green food jointly with environmental attitudes. These ?ndings point to the conclusion that Chinese consumers, possibly guided by altruistic predispositions, see technology as a positive determinant of both food safety and environmental friendliness in food production. Empirical ?ndings like these highlight the need for adaptation of well-substantiated models to completely customised researchapproaches within new globally rising environments. Originality/value – It is still not quite clear how green food products are perceived in South-East Asian consumer cultures, as well as in other non-Western contexts. This scarcity makes the empirical examination of well-established values-attitudes hierarchies in such contexts valuable from an academic and practitioner's point of view.
Fuzzy measure of secondary students' attitude towards Mathematics
Bhowmik, Monoranjan; Banerjee, Bharati
In this paper we proposed a fuzzy concept for measuring Likert type scale to measure students' attitude towards mathematics with an example of small sample. Students' attitude towards mathematics has been a factor that is known to influence students' achievement in mathematics. The purpose of this study is to find out the students attitude towards mathematics in a selected school of Midnapore (Rural). A total of 20 secondary students were administered with a questionnaire to find out th...
Medical Student Attitudes toward Complementary, Alternative and Integrative Medicine
Abbott, Ryan B.; Hui, Ka-kit; Hays, Ron D.; Mandel, Jess; Goldstein, Michael; Winegarden, Babbi; Glaser, Dale; Brunton, Laurence
While the use of complementary, alternative and integrative medicine (CAIM) is substantial, it continues to exist at the periphery of allopathic medicine. Understanding the attitudes of medical students toward CAIM will be useful in understanding future integration of CAIM and allopathic medicine. This study was conducted to develop and evaluate an instrument and assess medical students' attitudes toward CAIM. The Complementary, Alternative and Integrative Medicine Attitudes Questionnaire (CA...
The eating disorder belief questionnaire: psychometric properties in an adolescent sample.
Rose, KS; Cooper, MJ; Turner, H.
The current study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Belief Questionnaire in older adolescent females. Three hundred and sixty-seven girls aged 17 or 18 who were in secondary school education completed the Eating Disorder Belief Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Eating Attitudes Test. They also provided information on height and weight. The Eating Disorder Belief Questionnaire had an almost identical factor structure to that previously f...
Rajagopalan, Mani; Kuruvilla, K.
The attitudes towards psychiatry of thirty, fourth year medical students were studied before and after a two week clinical posting, using an attitudes questionnaire. The results indicated that a two week posting in the specialty was not sufficient to significantly influence students' attitudes in a positive direction. The implications of these findings for undergraduate psychiatric education are discussed.
Attitudes and beliefs of patients with chronic depression toward antidepressants and depression
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Jacob SA
Full Text Available Sabrina Anne Jacob,1 Ab Fatah Ab Rahman,2 Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Hassali3 1School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Sunway, 2Faculty of Health Sciences, Gong Badak Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA, Kuala Terengganu, 3School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Minden, Malaysia Background: Many patients have erroneous views with regard to depression and its management, and it was noted that these attitudes and beliefs significantly affected their adherence rates.Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to determine the attitudes and beliefs of patients with depression toward depression and antidepressants. A secondary aim was to assess the influence of ethnicity on patients' attitudes and beliefs.Patients and methods: The study involved patients with chronic depression being followed up at an outpatient clinic at a government-run hospital in Malaysia. Patients' attitudes and beliefs were assessed using the Antidepressant Compliance Questionnaire.Results: A total of 104 patients of Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnic groups met the selection criteria. Chinese patients had significantly negative attitudes and beliefs toward depression and antidepressants compared to Malays and Indians (b=-8.96, t103=-3.22; P<0.05. Component analysis revealed that 59% of patients believed that antidepressants can cause a person to have less control over their thoughts and feelings, while 67% believed that antidepressants could alter one's personality; 60% believed it was okay to take fewer tablets on days when they felt better, while 66% believed that antidepressants helped solve their emotional problems and helped them worry less.Conclusion: Patients had an overall positive view as to the benefits of antidepressants, but the majority had incorrect views as to the acceptable dosing of antidepressants and had concerns about the safety of the medication. Assessing patients' attitudes and beliefs, as well as the impact of their respective cultures, can be used in tailoring psychoeducation sessions accordingly. Keywords: Chinese, Malaysia, ethnicity, culture
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards Medication Use among Health Care Students in King Saud University
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Abdullah T. Eissa
Full Text Available Background: Health sciences students are expected to have appropriate knowledge and attitudes toward medication use. However, literary evidence of such expertise among health sciences students of King Saud University is unknown. This study was completed to assess the knowledge about medicines and behavior of health science students towards safe use of medications. It also aims to assess the health knowledge, attitude and practices of the students. Methods: This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire consisting of 24 questions. This was administered by the researcher between October and December 2009 in the colleges of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, applied medical science and nursing of the King Saud University. The survey consisted of three parts: Ten questions assessed the students' knowledge on drug safety (Part 1. Four questions assessed student attitude toward medication consultations by the pharmacist (Part 2 and ten questions involved medication use practices and consultation with pharmacists (Part 3. A stratified sampling method was used to select participants. Results: Pharmacy students had better medication knowledge compared to other health sciences students especially regarding antihypertensive drugs, antibiotics, paracetamol and antacids (p<0.05. Pharmacy students showed a positive attitude regarding the trustworthiness of a pharmacist to give a consultation. Nearly all other health science students showed a negative attitude about dispensing and consultation concerning nutritional supplements by a pharmacist. All health sciences students had a similar perception toward medication use and practice. Conclusion Pharmacy students had better knowledge about medication practice compared to other health sciences students. All other health sciences students lacked the appropriate attitude and practice related to the safe use of medications.
Greek Nurses Attitudes towards Death
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Malliarou Maria
Full Text Available Introduction: Several studies explore the attitudes of nurses caring for dying patients but this is the first oneexploring Greek nurses' attitude toward death.Purpose/Objectives: To assess how Greek nurses feel about death and examine any relationships between theirattitudes and demographic factors.Design: Descriptive quantitative. The sample comprised of 150 hospital nurses (response rate 64%.Method: Voluntary and anonymous completion of the Death Attitude Profile–Revised (DAP-R, and ademographic questionnaire. The Death Attitude Profile–Revised (DAP-R (Wong, Reker, & Gesser, 1994 is a32-item scale that uses a seven-point Likert scale to measure respondents' attitudes toward death. Demographicdata, including gender, age, previous experience working with terminally ill patients, work setting (inpatientversus outpatient, years practising as an RN were collected. No identifying information was collected from theparticipants, ensuring the results were anonymous.Results: 82% of respondents were female with a mean age of 35.54 years (19 min 48 max. The mean nursingexperience was 12.1 years. Average scores on the DAP-R sub-scales ranged from 2.90 (escape sub-scale to 5.63(neutral sub-scale. Statistically significant relationships were noted among gender, and scores on the DAP-R.Nursing experience and age were the variables most likely to predict nurses' attitudes toward death. Nurses withspecific education on palliative care had less difficulty talking about death and dying. The existence ofHospital-based teams (known as palliative care teams, supportive care teams, or symptom assessment teams hadstatistically significant relationship with fear of death and neutral acceptance scoresConclusions: In Greek hospitals nurses with more work experience tended to have more positive attitudes towarddeath and caring for dying patients.
Empirical Analysis of Construction Safety Climate - A Study
S.V.S. Raja Prasad; K.P.REGHUNATH
Safety in the construction industry has always been a major issue. Though much improvement in construction safety has been achieved, the industry still continues to lag behind most other industries with regard to safety. The safety climate of any organization consists of employee's attitudes towards and perceptions of, health and safety behavior. Construction workers attitudes towards safety are influenced by their perceptions of risk, management, safety rulesand procedures. A measure of sa...
Patients' attitude about generics –Bulgarian perspective
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Hristina Lebanova
Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to investigate (1 what is the patients' attitude towards and (2 preferences to use generic medicines in Bulgaria and (3 which are the main factors influencing their opinion.METHODS: Using pseudo-randomization we select a sample of 225 participants, men and women from general population, patients in community pharmacies. For our survey we used a standardized self-questionnaire of ten points. The influence of sex, age, education, medical history, knowledge of generic drugs and experience with generic substitution and medicines was examined through Chi-square tests.RESULTS: The results show that 74% of the participants seemed not to be informed on generic drugs and 26% received valuable and relevant information from their general practitioner or pharmacist. 94% believed that generic medicines are inferior to brand medicines on quality, safety and efficacy.CONCLUSIONS: The main reason for almost all the participants (94% to prefer original medicines, over generics is the insufficient information, they have. The core factors forming patients' opinion and expectations for generic drugs are medical professionals' recommendation and previous experience. The main advantages of the generics according to the participants in the study are the lower price and better accessibility. The results raise the issue of the awareness and level knowledge about generic medicines and the rational drug use in the general population.
Relationship of Psychosocial Safety Climate and Workplace Psychosocial Risks: A Randomized Trail among Personnel of an Oil and Gas Company in Iran
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Dordaneh Amiri
Full Text Available Oil and gas industry is a main revenue generation for Iran, and thousands of employees are involved in various oil and gas fields. From numerous health hazards which commonly occur in the industry one of them is psychosocial hazards. Studies confirmed a crucial step to control and understanding workplace psychosocial risk factors is developing and monitoring of policies, rules, and plans to promote health at work. This research conducted in an Iranian oil and gas company in Tehran in the period of 2011 and 2012. 248 participants were randomly selected and assigned in the study. Two questionnaires HSE and SCAT used in order to assess workplace psychosocial risks and attitude of personnel to safety climate. The result of HSE scores revealed relationships and role sub-scales in psychosocial risks were in abysmal situation. Personnel's attitude to safety climate at the organization displayed communication, priority of safety, and involvement were at the level of "dissatisfied". Also there was a medium positive correlation between work environment and managers' support, relationships and change p<0.01. These findings show that safety climate factors namely communication, work environment, supportive environment, inversely affects workplace psychosocial risks. Overall, the outcomes supported the possibility that personnel attitudes to safety climate at company were predictive of higher psychosocial risks. Progress in safety climate and the psychosocial aspects of safety climate may diminish the experience psychosocial risks. Development of policies and procedures with aim of reduce psychosocial risks should be considered in Iran.
Attitudes about Arms Control and Effects of "The Day After."
Nelson, Linden L.; Slem, Charles M.
An 18-item questionnaire was designed to investigate relationships between attitude towards arms control and beliefs about nuclear weapon effects, probability of war, Soviet goals, and the importance of nuclear arms superiority. Effects of the television movie, "The Day After," were also assessed by administering the questionnaire eight days…
Association du personnel
CERN must remain the centre of excellence that it has been for the last sixty years. Therefore, the Organization must continue to be able to attract, motivate and retain the best specialists coming from all the Member States. This is why, every five years, on the occasion of a five-yearly review, our employment conditions are compared with bodies having similar activities.In order to prepare the next five-yearly review, the topics of which will be decided by the CERN Council in June 2014, the Staff Association has drawn up a questionnaire that gives you the opportunity to tell us what you think about your current employment conditions. You can also indicate how you wish to see them evolve, and to help you we present some proposals for improvement on which you can give your opinion. Above all, do not hesitate, by using the comments' fields available in the questionnaire, to formulate your own suggestions in all areas of your conditions of employment that are of interest to you. Your replies will hel...
Attitudes Towards Career Education: Identification and Change.
Jacobsen, Kaare; Drier, Harry N.
The study explored the problem of teacher resistance to change in educational methods and programs. Stressing the need for educators to change in order to keep abreast of educational developments, researchers adapted and administered an attitude scale, the Comprehensive Career Education (CCE) Staff Development Questionnaire, to 577 teachers in a…
Susceptibility of Job Attitudes to Context Effects
Bowling, Nathan A.; Boss, James; Hammond, Gregory D.; Dorsey, Brittany
Researchers have typically overlooked the possibility that responses to job attitude items might be produced "on the spot" using information that is temporally accessible to participants. In the current study, the authors test this possibility by examining context effects that occur when questionnaire content influences responses to subsequent…
Public Relations Licensure: Practitioner and Educator Attitudes.
Kalupa, Frank B.; Sievers, C. Gay
Two surveys were conducted to determine the attitudes of public relations practitioners and educators regarding whether public relations practitioners should be licensed. Questionnaires were mailed to public relations practitioners to obtain data for the first survey, and a second survey was mailed several months later to public relations…
The Influence of Attitudes about Weight
Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance (JOPERD), 2005
Obesity stereotypes and anti fat attitudes influence the social behavior of middle school students according to a study presented last June at the annual meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Using a series of questionnaires and fat and thin silhouette figures, the researchers quizzed 176 boys and 141 girls between the ages of…
Guides & Reports for Questionnaire Design
Applied Research Program (ARP) staff use a variety of methods to develop and test questionnaires, including established Questionnaire Design Principles, empirical methods such as Cognitive Testing and psychometric methods such as Item Response Theory Modeling.
Relationships between personality traits and attitudes toward the sense of smell
Seo, Han-Seok; Lee, Suji; Cho, Sungeun
Olfactory perception appears to be linked to personality traits. This study aimed to determine whether personality traits influence human attitudes toward sense of smell. Two-hundred participants' attitudes toward their senses of smell and their personality traits were measured using two self-administered questionnaires: the Importance of Olfaction Questionnaire and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. Demographics and olfactory function were also assessed using a self-administere...
Relationships between personality traits and attitudes toward the sense of smell
Olfactory perception appears to be linked to personality traits. This study aimed to determine whether personality traits influence human attitudes toward sense of smell. Two-hundred participants' attitudes toward their senses of smell and their personality traits were measured using two self-administered questionnaires: the Importance of Olfaction Questionnaire and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R). Demographics and olfactory function were also assessed using a self-adm...
Survey and Questionnaire Tutorial
What are the important factors to consider when designing a survey? Would it be best conducted via telephone? Or would it be better to have a face-to-face meeting? These are but a few of the topics covered on this site created as a public service by the StatPac group. Visitors can elect to download the entire report on survey design here, or they can just click through the topics that interest them. Each topic includes a brief discussion of its relative importance, and the areas covered include questionnaire length, time considerations, question wording, and sampling methods. It's a thoughtful and helpful resource overall, and it's one that might be put to good use in an introductory statistics course in college.
Implementation of the safety culture for HANARO safety management
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Safety is the fundamental principal upon which a management system is based. The IAEA INSAG(International Nuclear Safety Group) states the general aims of a safety management system. One of which is to foster and support a strong safety culture through the development and reinforcement of good safety attitudes and behavior in individuals and teams, so as to allow them to carry out their tasks safety. The safety culture activities have been implemented and the importance of a safety management in nuclear activities for a reactor application and utilization has also been emphasized for more than 10 years in HANARO which is a 30 MW multi purpose research reactor that achieved its first criticality in February 1995. The safety culture activities and implementation have been conducted continuously to enhance its safe operation such as the seminars and lectures related to safety matters, participation in international workshops and the development of safety culture indicators, a survey on the attitude of HANARO staff toward the safety culture indicators, a survey on the attitude of HANARO staff toward the safety culture, the development of operational safety performance indicators (SPIs), the preparation of a safety text book and the development of an e Learning program for a safety education purpose
Assessing medical students' attitudes towards learning communication skills – which components of attitudes do we measure?
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Holen Are
Full Text Available Abstract Background The Communication Skills Attitudes Scale (CSAS created by Rees, Sheard and Davies and published in 2002 has been a widely used instrument for measuring medical students' attitudes towards learning communication skills. Earlier studies have shown that the CSAS mainly tests two dimensions of attitudes towards communication; positive attitudes (PAS and negative attitudes (NAS. The objectives of our study are to explore the attitudes of Norwegian medical students towards learning communication skills, and to compare our findings with reports from other countries. Methods The CSAS questionnaire was mailed simultaneously to all students (n = 3055 of the four medical schools in Norway in the spring of 2003. Response from 1833 students (60.0% were analysed by use of SPSS ver.12. Results A Principal component analysis yielded findings that differ in many respects from those of earlier papers. We found the CSAS to measure three factors. The first factor describes students' feelings about the way communication skills are taught, whereas the second factor describes more fundamental attitudes and values connected to the importance of having communication skills for doctors. The third factor explores whether students feel that good communication skills may help them respecting patients and colleagues. Conclusion Our findings indicate that in this sample the CSAS measures broader aspects of attitudes towards learning communication skills than the formerly described two-factor model with PAS and NAS. This may turn out to be helpful for monitoring the effect of different teaching strategies on students' attitudes during medical school.
Perception of Contracting parties on Construction Safety in the Gaza Strip, Palestine
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The construction industry is one of the most hazardous industries in developing countries. Understanding the safety climate or culture of a workplace, the perceptions and attitudes of workforce are important factors in assessing safety needs. The construction industry in Palestine, by its inherent nature, is susceptible to potentially dangerous conditions that affect the safety of all personnel working in construction projects. This paper reports, based on a questionnaire survey, the perception of owners, consultants and contractors towards safety in the Gaza Strip. The results showed that, most of the participants in the survey had accidents in their construction projects. The findings indicated that, main causes of fatalities and injuries are falling from heights, dropped objects and materials and being caught under excavations. Carelessness of workers, lack of safety knowledge and lack of safety training are the main three reasons that contributed to the increase rate of accidents among construction workers in the Gaza Strip. Therefore, contactors should prepare safety training programs which help personnel to carry out various accidents preventive activities effectively. Training material should discuss the cost of accidents, the influence of good safety performance and should stress the safety objectives of the company, the relevant laws and legislation and contractual relationships with clients regarding safety matters. (author)(author)
Safety Culture Indicators in HANARO
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The most important aim of a management system for nuclear facilities is to improve their safety performance and to foster a strong safety culture. The personnel in HANARO not only the regular employees but also the irregular persons should fully understand the importance of a nuclear safety culture. The purpose of the development of HANARO's safety culture indicators is to evaluate and enhance the safety culture in HANARO Center. The indicators has been developed based on IAEA's documents, 'Safety Series No.75-INSAG-4, Safety Culture, 1991', 'TECDOC-860, ASCOT Guideline, 1996' and the safety culture indicators for Korea nuclear power plants prepared by KINS(Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety). It is the first time to try to develop a safety culture indicators for the research reactor. The results will be used to develop a survey for evaluating the level of the safety culture attitude in HANARO Center. A survey is helpful to understand the safety attitudes of the employees and to set the safety culture activities necessary for the improvement of the safe operation. HANARO will continuously pursue the good practice of the safety attitude based on the safety culture indicators to enhance its safety
A Study On Students' Attitude Towards Online Shopping In India
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Vipul Patel
Full Text Available To ensure the success of online business, it is important for the retailers to understand their targeted customers. The aim of this study examines the significance of attitude toward online shopping. The objective of the study was to determine relationship between utilitarian orientation, hedonic orientation and perceived benefits with attitude toward online shopping. A five-level Likert scale was used to determine students' attitudes towards online shopping. A self-administered questionnaire, based on prior literature, was developed and a total of 173 students were selected by random sampling. The analysis demonstrated the determinants of consumers' attitudes towards online shopping.
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Tomas E. Boye
Full Text Available One of the strategy implementations in the achievement of the Nigeria Sport policy development is effective sport marketing (Onifade, 1999. The Nigerian government has been said to be solely responsible for funding and marketing sports hence, achieving the sports developmental goal is at its lowest ebb (Esuku, 2003.This study examined the socio- psychological sports marketing attitudes of the stakeholders in the achievement of sports goal by 2020. It also determined attitudes of stakeholders towards sports marketing. The participants for the study consisted 1,200 Nigerian sampled from twelve States and from the various professions, who are stakeholders to sports marketing (corporate and private organizations, sports Journalists, sports psychologists, sports councils, ministry of sports, coaches, labour unions, University and athletes. They were purposively sampled. The main research tool was the questionnaire that was used to obtain information on the different variables. The descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages were used for the analysis of the demographic information, while inferential statistics of one way analysis of variance (ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses formulated at 0.05 level of significance. The results confirmed that Nigerian government is solely responsible for marketing sports which ought not to be if effective sports marketing must be realized toward the attainment of the millennium goals. Also revealed are fair positive socio- psychological attitudes of few corporate organizations, and negative socio- psychological attitudes from individuals of most corporate organizations. Suggestions were advanced towards the improvement of achieving the sports developmental goals.
Equal Opportunities Questionnaire
The initiative to promote Equal Opportunities at CERN started in 1993. The first Equal Opportunities Officer was appointed in 1996 followed by the creation of the Equal Opportunities Advisory Panel in 1998. Initially the concern was mainly the fair treatment of women in the work-place. Today the emphasis has evolved to ensuring that diversity is used to increase creativity and productivity in the work-place. In order to ensure that all aspects of Equal Opportunities and Diversity are covered, CERN's Equal Opportunities team has prepared a survey to obtain your input. Your answers are confidential and will only be used for generating statistics. The questionnaire is on-line and can be accessed via: https://espace.cern.ch/EOQ. We hope that you will take a few minutes of your time to give your input and would be grateful if you could reply before 15/10/07. For further information about Equal Opportunities at CERN see: http://cern.ch/equal-opportunities The Equal Opportuni...
Equal Opportunities Questionnaire
The initiative to promote Equal Opportunities at CERN started in 1993. The first Equal Opportunities Officer was appointed in 1996, which was followed by the creation of the Equal Opportunities Advisory Panel in 1998. Initially the concern was mainly the fair treatment of women in the work-place. Today the emphasis has evolved to ensuring that diversity is used to increase creativity and productivity in the work-place. In order to ensure that all aspects of Equal Opportunities and Diversity are covered, CERN's Equal Opportunities team has prepared a survey to obtain your input. Your answers are confidential and will only be used for generating statistics. The questionnaire is on-line and can be accessed via: https://espace.cern.ch/EOQ. We hope that you will take a few minutes of your time to give your input and would be grateful if you could reply before 15/10/07. For further information about Equal Opportunities at CERN see: http://cern.ch/equal-opportunities The Equa...
Black consumer's attitudes towards Advertising
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W. S. Tladi
Full Text Available Questionnaire responses of a group of semi-literate and illiterate Blacks were analysed in order to establish the nature of attitudes towards various aspects of advertising. Feelings on the necessity for advertising, its credibility, effectiveness, impact and the nature of the advertising media were investigated. Significant attitudes were established and contrasting views could partly be ascribed to the composition of the experimental group.
Vraelysresponse van 'n groep halfgeletterde en ongeletterde Swartmense is ontleed met die doel om enkele gesindhede ten opsigte van advertensies te bepaal. Die nodigheid, geloofwaardigheid, doeltreffendheid en trefkrag van advertensies asook die aard van advertensiemedia is ondersoek. Betekenisvolle gesindhede kon vasgestel word en afwykings kon gedeeltelik toegeskryf word aan die samestelling van die groep wat ondersoek is.
Towards safety culture strengthening
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Through the amendment of the Reactor Regulation Law in 1999, following review of the JCO criticality accident, the Nuclear Safety Inspection System was established and the Safety Preservation Rules were refined in an attempt to further improve nuclear safety maintenance. According to the Safety Preservation Rules, the safety preservation activities at nuclear power plants must be built upon safety culture.Under such circumstance, the TEPCO issue was revealed in 2002. Triggered by this issue, NISA has been implementing a variety of improvements, one of which involves the establishment of a study group in 2003, to discuss on how to implement safety culture sufficiently and possible recommendations. Subjects such as the followings piled in the report will indicate leading keys in case it is going to realize such efforts: 'Foundation of safety culture is a quality management' and 'Realistic and scientific technique is necessary for the evaluation of safety culture'. In order to respond to these requests, JNES has been developing an Integrated System for Monitoring and Evaluation of Safety Culture, of which concept is structured by 3 elements: (1) 'System for safety (formal structure, method, and activity)', (2) 'Safety attitude and behavior of organizational members' and (3) 'Sharing of safety attitude and behavior of organizational members'. This paper delivers the background of the development, illustrates a representative early sign of declining plant performance extra sign of declining plant performance extracted by a root cause analysis of human and organizational factors, and introduces the Integrated System examined and verified from various viewpoints. (author)
Ek, A?sa; Olsson, Ulf; Akselsson, Roland
A project focusing on identifying and describing maritime risks is being conducted in the heavily trafficked water area of the Sound, situated in northern Europe between Sweden and Denmark. This paper reports of a test of a first version of a questionnaire constructed for measuring safety culture onboard vessels.48 crew members on a Swedish registered passenger/cargo ship completed and returned the questionnaire. The crew members were able to complete the questionnaire with few unanswered que...
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Antibiotic Use among the Public in Kuwait
Awad, Abdelmoneim Ismail; Aboud, Esraa Abdulwahid
Background The emergence and spread of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a growing problem worldwide, which presents a significant threat to public health globally in the 21st century. A substantial evidence has shown that the general community plays a role in the increase and spread of antibiotic resistance. The present study was designed to determine knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotic use. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed using a pretested self-administered questionnaire on a sample of 770 randomly selected Kuwaiti individuals. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used in data analysis. Results The response rate was 88.3%. Nearly three-quarters (72.8%) of respondents had been prescribed antibiotics within 12 months prior to the study period, and 36% of them had not finished the course of treatment. Over one-quarter (27.5%) were self-medicated with antibiotics to treat mainly common cold, sore throat and cough. Self-medication was more prevalent among those who were prescribed antibiotics and those who had attitudes towards using and accessing antibiotic inappropriately. Almost 47% of participants had low knowledge regarding action, use, safety and resistance of antibiotics. Forty one percent of respondents had attitudes towards using and accessing antibiotic inappropriately. Better knowledge was found to be a predictor for positive attitude. Respondents level of agreement that doctors often prescribe antibiotics to meet the patient's expectation, and that doctors often take time to consider carefully the need for an antibiotic were 52.7% and 35.3%, respectively. Conclusions These findings will aid in the assessment of the adequacy of present public educational campaigns. Also, it will provide further insight in designing future multifaceted interventions to promote specific messages to rationalize antibiotic use, and compensate for knowledge and attitude gaps as an effort towards preventing development of antibiotic resistance. PMID:25675405
Social attitudes towards floods in Poland - spatial differentiation
Biernacki, W.; Dzia?ek, J.; Bokwa, A.
Our paper discusses results of research conducted in Southern Poland focusing on social attitudes towards floods - natural hazards frequently observed in Poland. Lately (e.g. 1997, 2001, 2010) several hundred thousand of people suffered from floods occurring in all examined communities. Presented analyses are based on questionnaire survey in which several criteria were used to select places for studies: objective degree of risk, prior experience of extreme events, size of community, strength of social bonds, social capital and quality of life. Nearly 2000 responses (from 9 communities) were gathered from the survey. Our main research questions were following: - are there differences between attitudes in those communities depending on how frequently they have experienced floods? - does settlement size have an impact on social attitudes towards floods, especially on mitigation behaviour? - are urban inhabitants less adapted to floods be upheld and do rural communities show more activity in the face of natural disasters? - what do information and education policies concerning floods look like? Three dimensions of social attitudes towards natural hazards were analyzed: cognitive (knowledge and awareness of local hazards), emotional (feelings towards hazards, like concern and anxiety); and instrumental (actions taken in response to a potential natural disaster). A combination of these three dimensions produces various types of perception and behaviour towards the perceived hazard (Raaijmakers et al., 2008): ignorance when the local population is unaware of a threat and therefore develops no concern and takes no preventive actions; safety when the local population is aware of a threat, but regards its level as either low or acceptable and is therefore not concerned with the threat and makes no preparations for a disaster; risk reduction when a high level of awareness and concern produces the mechanism of reducing the cognitive dissonance and denial of a disaster threat; the local population resigns from taking protective action or passes the responsibility on to the authorities; control when an aware population takes preventive action that help reduce their concern. Above analyses led to comparison of Polish and European social attitudes towards floods.
Attitudes, social representations and social attitudes
Farr, Robert
This paper plays the role of the devil's advocate in relation to Colin Fraser's paper "attitudes, social representations and widespread beliefs". It argues for the alternative perspective which Colin identifies that social representations and social attitudes are epistemologically incompatible theories.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alejandro Castro Solano
Full Text Available El estudio de los valores puede ser abordado desde múltiples perspectivas (filosófica, psicológica, sociológica, etc.. En Psicología, el análisis de las orientaciones valóricas de los individuos ha cobrado especial importancia a partir de las conceptualizaciones de Schwartz (1992, 2001 quien verificó una estructura de diez valores (Poder, Logro, Hedonismo, Estimulación, Autodirección, Universalismo, Benevolencia, Tradición, Conformidad y Seguridad, los cuales se organizan en cuatro bipolaridades (Autotrascendencia, Autopromoción, Conservación y Apertura al cambio en más de 60 países, dando soporte empírico a la clasificación de los valores humanos. Este estudio tiene como objetivos: (a adaptar y validar el Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ de Schwartz (1992, 2001 y (b verificar si existen diferencias individuales según dos contextos objeto de estudio (civil y militar y según sexo y edad. Se recogieron datos de una población argentina (N = 692 en tres contextos diferentes: (a población civil (n = 471, (b oficiales militares (n = 97 y (c cadetes (n = 124. El estudio permitió verificar parcialmente la estructura de los valores propuestos por el autor. La fiabilidad del PVQ resulta muy adecuada en los tres contextos estudiados. Asimismo se pudo verificar que los civiles están más orientados hacia el logro de objetivos personales (Autopromoción y la independencia para decir y hacer lo que uno quiere (Apertura al cambio, mientras que los militares están más orientados hacia los valores relacionados con el mantenimiento del orden social, la seguridad, la conservación de las tradiciones (Tradición y Conformidad. Por otra parte, los resultados mostraron que no existen diferencias en las orientaciones valóricas según sexo y edad.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Assis, K.
Full Text Available Organic farming is gaining popularity all over the world as it can diversify agricultural production system toward attaining improved productivity, farm income as well as food safety. The rise of organic farming was driven partly by consumers' concern with food quality and safety, as well as the protection of the environment. Organic Farming produces safe and nutritious food as it helps prevent soil pollution by stopping risky chemical reactions in the soil and avoiding produce contamination, as well as soil erosion, by wind and rain. One of the important parties that can enable the country to produce more organic products through organic farming is the growers or farmers. The final decision of farmers to use a new practice like organic farming system is usually the result of their knowledge of the practices as well as their perception. Therefore, the main purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the knowledge, perception or attitude, and practices of vegetable growers towards organic farming. A survey method through face-to-face interview by using structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a total of 31 vegetable growers in Kundasang, Sabah which was selected by using simple random sampling method. The findings of the study show that the knowledge of the respondents on organic farming especially pertaining to the use of chemical insecticides, herbicides and fertilizers is still need to be improved, their attitude is also still negative, and they are still dependent on conventional practices (i.e. chemical especially to control pests and diseases.
Paper to Electronic Questionnaires: Effects on Structured Questionnaire Forms
Trujillo, Anna C.
With the use of computers, paper questionnaires are being replaced by electronic questionnaires. The formats of traditional paper questionnaires have been found to effect a subject's rating. Consequently, the transition from paper to electronic format can subtly change results. The research presented begins to determine how electronic questionnaire formats change subjective ratings. For formats where subjects used a flow chart to arrive at their rating, starting at the worst and middle ratings of the flow charts were the most accurate but subjects took slightly more time to arrive at their answers. Except for the electronic paper format, starting at the worst rating was the most preferred. The paper and electronic paper versions had the worst accuracy. Therefore, for flowchart type of questionnaires, flowcharts should start at the worst rating and work their way up to better ratings.
Knowledge and attitudes towards food safety and reported use of good production practices among a sample of cattle producers in Santa Fe, Argentina Conocimiento y actitudes hacia seguridad alimentaria y buenas prácticas de producción adoptadas en productores ganaderos de Santa Fe, Argentina
Young, I.; Raji Amp, A.; Perez, E.; Sanchez, J.; Larriestra, A.; La, Perez; Drivet, O.; Monteverde, M.; Sa, Mcewen
On-farm implementation of good production practices (GPP) and effective translation of food safety knowledge to food-animal producers are recommended to achieve a safer food supply. A pilot study was conducted during 2009-2010 to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards food safety and reported use of GPp among a sample of 930 cattle producers in Santa Fe, Argentina. A response percentage of 31.8% (n = 296) was obtained. Several respondents indicated that they rarely or never isolate sick c...
Attitudes of psychiatry residents toward mental illness
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Pejovi?-Milovan?evi? Milica
Full Text Available Introduction. Attitudes of lay people and physicians towards mentally ill patients are frequently highly biased. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in attitudes of psychiatry and internal medicine residents toward mental illness and to establish the relationship between their attitudes and their personal characteristics. Material and methods. The sample consisted of 45 psychiatry and 36 internal medicine residents. The attitudes toward mental illness were assessed using Opinions about Mental Illness Questionnaire (OMI and personality traits were examined using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ. Results. Our findings showed that in regard to internal medicine residents, psychiatry residents do not consider mentally ill patients to be inferior and dangerous. Psychiatry residents have a benevolent attitude toward the mentally ill. Personality traits of psychiatry residents were not related to their opinions about mental illness. Discussion. The results suggest that there is a need to develop strategies that would bring about changes in the curriculum of training programs for medical residents, including proper training in mental health issues. Such strategies should help in destigmatization of persons with mental disorders and increase the competence of physicians to deal with mentally ill. .
What Do Librarians Think about Marketing? A Survey of Public Librarians' Attitudes toward the Marketing of Library Services
Shontz, Marilyn L.; Parker, Jon C.; Parker, Richard
The purpose of this study was to identify attitudes of public librarians toward the marketing of library services and relate these attitudes to selected independent variables. A questionnaire was mailed to individual members of the New Jersey Library Association. Although most of the respondents had generally positive attitudes toward library…
Professional environment and patient safety in emergency departments.
Lambrou, Persefoni; Papastavrou, Evridiki; Merkouris, Anastasios; Middleton, Nicos
The purpose of this study was to examine nurses' and physicians' perceptions of professional environment and its association with patient safety in public emergency departments in Cyprus. A total of 224 professionals (174 nurses and 50 physicians) participated (rr?=?81%). Data were collected using the "Revised Professional Practice Environment" (RPPE) instrument and the Safety Climate Domain of the "Emergency Medical Services Safety Attitudes Questionnaire" (EMS-SAQ). The mean overall score of RPPE was 2.79 (SD?=?0.30), among physicians 2.84 (SD?=?0.25) and nurses 2.73 (SD?=?0.33) (P-value?=?0.07). Statistically significant differences were observed between the two study groups regarding "staff relationships", "motivation" and "cultural sensitivity" (P-values?differences were observed as regards EMS-SAQ (3.25 vs. 3.16 respectively; P-value?=?0.28). All 8 components of the RPPE exhibited significant association with patient safety. Linear and stepwise regression analyses showed that "leadership" explains 28% of the variance of safety. This relationship suggests improvements in professional environment with the ultimate goal of improving patient safety. PMID:25172578
Effect of the interval of training course on understanding of radiation safety and an improvement of re-training course
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Radiation safety training courses are indispensable educational programs for radiation workers. We have two kinds of courses, which are held before use of radioisotope (beginner's training course) and held annually (re-training course). The interval between two courses was found to give some effects for radiation worker's recognition and knowledge on radiation safety through the result of examination and questionnaire on the radiation safety after training. The average scores of participants indicated that the short interval (3 months) was better than the long interval (almost one year). Furthermore, the average scores of participants in the 2003 training course were higher than those in the 2002 and 2001 training courses. Several participants were found to lack in the basic radiation safety attitude and knowledge. In order to improve these results, the practical training should be given additionally for workers, who lacked in understanding. (author)
Strand V, Education for Survival; Safety Education, Grades K-3.
New York State Univ. System, Albany.
Safety attitudes are developed during early school years, thus safety education should be stressed by early elementary school teachers. Student objectives of safety education for grades K-3 are enumerated in the report. The publication is divided into nine sections: (1) traffic and pedestrian safety, (2) school bus safety, (3) bicycle safety, (4)…
Public attitudes towards industrial, work-related and other risks
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Two reports describing work sponsored by the Health and Safety Executive are presented. The first describes a study of public attitudes towards industrial, work related, nuclear industry related and other risks. The second report describes public attitudes towards the acceptability of risks. (U.K.)
Safety Culture Survey in Krsko NPP
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The high level of nuclear safety, stability and competitiveness of electricity production, and public acceptability are the main objectives of Krsko Nuclear Power Plant. This is achievable only in environment where strong Safety Culture is taking dominant place in the way how employees communicate, perform tasks, share their ideas and attitudes, and demonstrate their concern in all aspects of work and coexistence. To achieve these objectives, behaviour of all employees as well as specific ethical values must become more transparent and that must arise from the heart of organization. Continuous ongoing and periodic self assessments of Safety Culture in Krsko NPP present major tools in implementation process of this approach. Benefits from Periodic interdisciplinary focused self assessment approach, which main intention is finding the strengths and potential areas for improvements, was used second time to assess the area of Safety Culture in Krsko NPP. Main objectives of self assessment, performed in 2006, were to increase the awareness of the present culture, to serve as a basis for improvement and to keep track of the effects of change or improvement over a longer period of time. For the purpose of effective self assessment, extensive questionnaire was used to obtain information that is representative for whole organization. Wide range of questions was chosen to cover five major characteristics of safety culture: Accountability for safety is clear, Safety is integrated into all activities, Safety culture is learning-driven, Leadership for safety is clear and Safety is a clearly recognized value. 484 Krsko NPP employees and 96 contractors were participated in survey. 70-question survey provided information that was quantified and results compared between groups. Anonymity of participant, as well as their willingness to contribute in this assessment implicates the high level of their openness in answering the questions. High number of participant made analysis of results very reliable. Survey results were statistically analyzed and presented to Krsko NPP management board. More specific qualitative analyses were performed for departments. With assistance of Safety Culture Self Assessment team members, leaders of these departments developed specific action plans and disseminated major identified issues. By these feedbacks Krsko NPP ensured better employees understanding of the results of the survey. It is very exceptive that employee's responses will contribute to the overall process and establishment of safety conscious work environment.(author)
Nursing Students' Perceptions, Beliefs and Attitudes: A First Study on Special Pedagogic Activities
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Vassiliki Ioannidi
Full Text Available Background: Studying nursing students' opinions could be a useful guide for the formation of their professionalrole as well as their education and training.Aim: The present study's aim is to examine nurse students' opinion, beliefs and attitude regarding the conceptsof health, health care, health education, health ethics, illness, safety in health care and quality in health care, inan educational environment which promotes cooperative activities in class.Methodology: Seventy four nurse students of the University of Peloponnese participated in the present studyduring the winter semester of 2008-2009. They were asked to describe shortly the meaning of the study concepts,writing down their opinion on a questionnaire that included six questions. Their answers were evaluated usingthe method of content analysis and sorted to exhaustive and mutually exclusive categories.Results: Nursing Students were asked to describe the meaning of the concept of health, health care, healtheducation, health ethics, illness, safety in health care and quality in health care. The result of the students'opinion reveals the way they conceive their professional role, their education and their attitude in real workingconditions and, therefore, the quality of the services they provide and how well prepared they are to demand andto put in a claim for the quality in health care.Conclusions: Further empirical research could aim to replicate or contradict these findings, using a larger sampleand recruiting more university departments.
Adolescents' reported hearing symptoms and attitudes toward loud music.
Landälv, Daniel; Malmström, Lennart; Widén, Stephen E
The aim of the present study was to compare the adolescents' attitudes toward loud music in relation to a set of self-perceived auditory symptoms and psychological variables such as norms, preparedness to take risks and risk-judgment in noisy situations. A questionnaire on hearing and preventive behavior was distributed to 281 upper secondary school students aged 15-19 years. The questionnaire included youth attitude to noise scale, questions about perceived hearing symptoms such as tinnitus and sound sensitivity and finally statements on perceived behavioral norms regarding hearing protection use, risk-taking and risk-judgment in noisy settings. Self-perceived auditory symptoms such as sound sensitivity and permanent tinnitus had a significant relationship with less tolerant attitudes toward loud music. Permanent tinnitus and sound sensitivity together accounted for 15.9% of the variation in attitudes toward loud music. Together with the psychological variables norms, preparedness to take risks and risk-judgment 48.0% of the variation in attitudes could be explained. Although perceived hearing symptoms (sound sensitivity and permanent tinnitus) was associated with less tolerant attitudes toward loud music, psychological variables such as norms, preparedness to take risks and risk-judgment were found to be more strongly associated with attitudes toward loud music and should therefore be considered more in future preventive work. Health promotive strategies should focus on changing not merely individual attitudes, but also societal norms and regulations in order to decrease noise induced auditory symptoms among adolescents. PMID:23955132
Cross-cultural attitudes of flight crew regarding CRM
Merritt, Ashleigh
This study asks if the Cockpit Management Attitude Questionnaire (CMAQ) can detect differences across countries, and/or across occupations. And if so, can those differences be interpreted? Research has shown that the CMAQ is sensitive to attitude differences between and within organizations, thereby demonstrating its effectiveness with American populations. But the CMAQ was originally designed by American researchers and psychometrically refined for American pilots. The items in the questionnaire, though general in nature, still reflect the ubiquitous Western bias, because the items were written by researchers from and for the one culture. Recognizing this constraint, this study is nonetheless interested in attitudes toward crew behavior, and how those attitudes may vary across country and occupation.
The attitudes of medical students to research
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
D, Nel; R J, Burman; R, Hoffman; S, Randera-Rees.
Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The workforce of 'physician-scientists' is ageing and decreasing in numbers. The responsibility to combat this trend rests on future generations of healthcare professionals and it is therefore valuable to evaluate medical students' attitudes towards research. OBJECTIVE: To establish the [...] attitudes of University of Cape Town (UCT) medical students towards research and to investigate the factors influencing these attitudes. METHODS: An anonymous, cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire was administered to medical students from years 1 to 6 studying medicine at UCT in 2011. Questions were primarily closed-ended and consisted of Likert scales. RESULTS: Out of a population of 1 195 medical students, 733 were sampled (63%); 65% were female, 53% were preclinical students (years 1 - 3) and 47% were in their clinical years (year 4 - 6). Overall, 61% of students had a positive attitude towards research and 74% felt that participation in research was important to their medical school education; 22% had been involved in voluntarily extracurricular research, 4% had presented at a scientific meeting and 3% had published in peer-reviewed journals. A number of perceived barriers to student research were identified including a lack of adequate training, time and research opportunities. CONCLUSION: Students believed that research was important and had a positive attitude towards it. However, few had been involved in voluntary research and produced work worthy of presentation and/or publication. Addressing identified barriers and improving students' attitudes may begin to reverse the trend in declining numbers of physician-scientists.
Generational cohorts and their attitudes toward advertising
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Ernest Cyril de Run
Full Text Available This research is aimed at determining the attitudes with regard to advertising from the perspective of generational cohorts in Sarawak. A two-phase of study was conducted to firstly identify generational cohorts in the state and, secondly, to investigate the attitude of each cohort to advertising. Utilizing theories of generations, a qualitative approach by means of personal interviews was used at the outset to identify external events which bring about the formation of cohorts. Accordingly, 48 interviews were conducted and data were content-analyzed. The findings were then incorporated into the second phase of study to investigate cohorts' views about advertising, using theory of reasoned action. A quantitative approach via questionnaire-based survey was administered, and 1,410 copies were collected for analysis. Five distinct cohorts are proposed in the initial findings. They are labeled as Neoteric Inheritors, Prospective Pursuers, Social Strivers, Idealistic Strugglers and Battling Lifers on the basis of their respective engagement with events during the coming-of-age years. The subsequent findings show that beliefs about advertising are significant predictors of the attitudes to advertising, and so are the attitudes with regard to the intention of every cohort. However, their beliefs and attitudes to advertising are found to differ significantly, especially in the older cohort. The study thus highlights the implication of generational differences on the attitudes to advertising.
Individuals' Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Behaviors toward Animal Releasing
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Jeaw-Mei Chen
Full Text Available The aim of this study was to propose and validate "a great variety of animals may be released" and "attitudes toward animal releasing". To achieve this goal, the self-developed Likert-typed questionnaire and demographic data were adapted. The demographic data collected from both stages were analyzed. Only the beliefs, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the participants from the first stage were examined. Regression and path analysis were done for the data from both stages. The questionnaire research was divided into two stages. At the first stage, the questionnaire was answered by people from schools or private businesses in the northern, middle, and southern parts of Taiwan. A total of 1225 valid questionnaires were collected, among which only 9.3% of the participants were found to have ever joined animal releasing activities. At the second stage, the participants were chosen from the religious groups in northern Taiwan that offered animal releasing activities. A total of 151 valid questionnaires were collected. By the regression analysis of demographic data and beliefs of animal releasing, the result shows that "the experience of participating in religious ceremony to be one of the groups" is the strongest predictor; the "participants gender" and "their mother's religions" influence knowledge of animal releasing most. The beliefs of animal releasing can account for much of attitudes than knowledge variables can do. "Beliefs of animal releasing" is more important than "significant others' support" and "significant others' support" is more important than "knowledge of animal releasing." The main findings of the correlation among beliefs, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of animal releasing include the following: 1 through attitude, beliefs mediate behaviors; 2 through attitude, knowledge mediate behaviors; 3 knowledge influences behaviors directly; 4 attitude influences behaviors directly.
Safety culture assessment programme: Statistical analysis of a survey conducted at the IEA-R1 Brazilian research reactor
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Full text: The present study describes the statistical analysis of a survey conducted among the employees of IEA-R1 research reactor to evaluate the current status of safety culture in this installation. IEA-R1 is a 5 MW pool type reactor, cooled and moderated by light water, and it uses graphite and beryllium as reflectors. First criticality was achieved on September 16, 1957 and the reactor has been operating regularly and safely for almost 46 years. The reactor building is located within the premises of IPEN/CNEN-SP, one of the Brazilian institutes for energy and nuclear research, inside the campus of the University of Sao Paulo. The operation, maintenance and irradiation services of IEA-R1 reactor are currently being administered by the Research Reactor Center. The safety culture assessment and enhancement programme of IEA-R1 was launched by the reactor management in 2002. An opinion survey was conducted in order to evaluate the employee's perception in relation to the safety culture of the organization. A questionnaire consisting, mainly, of statements about safety culture aspects was prepared. A total number of 34 individuals participated in the survey representing the personnel of the Operation and Maintenance Division, Irradiation Service Division as well as the technicians specialized in Radiation Protection. The statistical analysis of the survey was developed into three principal steps. In the first step, descriptive techniques were used to estimate paramete techniques were used to estimate parameters of the statistical distribution of the answers to each question of the questionnaire. In the second step, the aspects of safety culture to be investigated were defined by grouping these questions into issue areas. The safety culture aspects determined were: Priority to Safety, Top Management Involvement and Commitment to Safety, Employees' Attitude Towards Safety, Employees' Responsibilities and Commitment to Safety, Employees' Evaluation of Safety Culture Level, Conflict 'Absence of Safety x Reactor Production', Compliance with Regulations and Procedures, Quality of Documentation and Procedures, Openness and Communication, Training and Capabilities, Risk Prevention Notion, Working Conditions, Motivation and Job Satisfaction and Management of Safety. The final step of the analysis consisted of the calculation of the employees' satisfaction level regarding the safety culture aspects previously mentioned. For this latter purpose the Likert - Attitude Scoring Technique was adopted. In this work, the methodology will be described in further details as well as the results and conclusions will be discussed. It is relevant to mention that this analysis has been useful to identify problems and to establish an action plan aiming at the improvement of safety in all the activities performed at IEA-R1 reactor. (author)
Total safety management: An approach to improving safety culture
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A little over 4 yr ago, Admiral James D. Watkins became Secretary of Energy. President Bush, who had appointed him, informed Watkins that his principal task would be to clean up the nuclear weapons complex and put the US Department of Energy (DOE) back in the business of producing tritium for the nation's nuclear deterrent. Watkins recognized that in order to achieve these objectives, he would have to substantially improve the DOE's safety culture. Safety culture is a relatively new term. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) used it in a 1986 report on the root causes of the Chernobyl nuclear accident. In 1990, the IAEA's International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group issued a document focusing directly on safety culture. It provides guidelines to the international nuclear community for measuring the effectiveness of safety culture in nuclear organizations. Safety culture has two principal aspects: an organizational framework conducive to safety and the necessary organizational and individual attitudes that promote safety. These obviously go hand in hand. An organization must create the right framework to foster the right attitudes, but individuals must have the right attitudes to create the organizational framework that will support a good safety culture. The difficulty in developing such a synergistic relationship suggests that achieving and sustaining a strong safety culture is not easy, particularly in an organization whose safety culture is in serious disren whose safety culture is in serious disrepair
Measuring consumer attitudes towards gambling
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D. J. L. Venter
Full Text Available The main objective of this study was to measure consumer attitudes towards gambling amongst various sociodemographic groups in Port Elizabeth. The study was based on past research and used a modified version of a questionnaire developed by various authors. The sample (N=355 was drawn, using a non-probability sampling technique from English, Afrikaans and Xhosa speaking respondents in the Port Elizabeth Uitenhage area. Fieldwork was carried out by students of Industrial Psychology at the University of Port Elizabeth. Results showed significant differences between socio-demographic groups regarding attitudes towards gambling. Cultural influences deduced from home language and religion seems to influence gambling attitudes in particular. These results have important implications for the gaming industry and welfare organisations.
Die hoof doelstelling van hierdie studie was om verbruikerhoudings ten opsigte van dobbel onder verskeie sosiodemografiese groepe in Port Elizabeth te ondersoek. Die studie is gegrond op vorige navorsing in die veld en maak gebruik van n aangepaste vraelys, ontwikkel deur verskeie outeurs. 'n Nie-ewekansige steekproef (N=355 is getrek uit Engels, Afrikaans en Xhosa-sprekende respondente in die Port Elizabeth Uitenhage gebied. Veldwerk is uitgevoer deur Bedryfsielkunde studente van die Universiteit van Port Elizabeth. Bevindinge toon beduidende verskille tussen sosio-demografiese groepe ten opsigte van houdings oor dobbel. Kultuurinvloede afgelei uit taal en godsdiens blyk om dobbelhoudings te beinvloed. Die resultate het belangrike implikasies vir die dobbelspelbedryf en welsynsorganisasies.
Attitudes of Swedes to marginal donors and xenotransplantation
Lundin, Susanne; Idvall, Markus
The aim of our survey was to capture the attitudes of Swedes to marginal donors and xenotransplantation. Modern biotechnology makes it possible to replace non-functioning organs, cells, and genes. Nonetheless, people may have reservations and fears about such treatments. With the survey, Attitudes of the General Public to Transplants, we have sought to expose the ambivalence that arises when medical possibilities are juxtaposed with ideas of risk. The design of the questionnaire originates fr...
Language attitudes and language shift among ethnic migrants in Khartoum
Mugaddam, Abdel Rahim Hamid
This paper investigates language attitudes among ethnic migrant groups in Khartoum, the capital city of Sudan. A questionnaire was used to collect data on language preference, language parents prefer their children to learn, and reasons for language preference. Results suggest that while positive attitude played a significant role in learning Arabic among some of the groups under investigation, it proved to be of no help in maintaining the groups' ethnic languages. Arabic was reported ...
Individuals' Knowledge, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Behaviors toward Animal Releasing
Jeaw-Mei Chen; Mei-Long Lin; Mein-Woei Suen
The aim of this study was to propose and validate "a great variety of animals may be released" and "attitudes toward animal releasing". To achieve this goal, the self-developed Likert-typed questionnaire and demographic data were adapted. The demographic data collected from both stages were analyzed. Only the beliefs, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the participants from the first stage were examined. Regression and path analysis were done for the data from both stages. The que...
Young Egyptians' perceptions, attitudes and knowledge of injuries
Day, Hannah R.; El-setouhy, Maged; El-Shinawi, Mohamed; Assem, Amr; Ismail, Mona; Salem, Marwa; Gordon S. Smith; Hirshon, Jon Mark
The objective of this study was to qualitatively evaluate young Egyptians' perceptions, attitudes, knowledge and behaviour towards injuries before implementation of an extensive questionnaire about injuries among Egyptian youth. In 2008, five focus groups of three to nine participants each were conducted in Cairo, Egypt in Arabic to evaluate young Egyptians' attitudes towards injuries, injury prevention, and their understanding of 'accidents' and fatalism. Participants were 14–26 ye...
What are the attitudes of general practitioners towards research?
Robinson, G; Gould, M.
There is an urgent need for high quality primary care research to provide a firm scientific basis for a primary care-led National Health Service; however, relatively little is known about general practitioners' (GPs') stated practices and attitudes towards research. This cross-sectional questionnaire study documents the attitudes and stated practices of general practitioners towards undertaking and using research. Virtually all 249 (90%) GP responders felt that primary care research was impor...
Adolescent reproductive health and gender role attitudes in Oman.
Yasmin A. Jaffer; Mustafa M. Afifi
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to investigate the attitudes of Omani adolescents towards the different gender roles and women empowerment with regard to taking household decisions, and to study how they influenced the adolescents' knowledge and attitudes towards some reproductive health issues in a national representative secondary schools-based sample of 1670 boys and 1675 girls. METHODS In 2001, through a self administrated questionnaire the adolescents answered 2 indices...
End-of-life decisions : studies of attitudes and reasoning
Lindblad, Anna
The overall aim of this thesis is to study attitudes towards and reasoning for and against end-of-life decisions among physicians and the general public in Sweden. The end-oflife decisions in focus are refraining from life-sustaining treatment, continuous deep sedation, physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. The thesis consists of four studies: STUDY I: Aim To study attitudes and reasoning towards physician-assisted suicide. Methods A postal questionnaire distributed...
Attitudes to smoking and smoking habits among hospital staff.
S. F. Hussain; Tjeder-Burton, S; Campbell, I.A.; Davies, P D
BACKGROUND: Health professionals should take an active role against smoking, so it is relevant to have information on their smoking habits and their attitudes towards smoking, especially with a view to identifying and offering help to those smokers who wish to stop. Staff in Llandough Hospital were surveyed to determine their smoking habits and attitudes, and the findings were compared with those of a similar survey at Llandough in 1987. METHODS: In October 1991 a questionnaire was sent to ea...
Psychological attitudes of nuclear industry workers
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
An investigation was carried out within the frame of occupational medicine on the psychological attitudes of workers in the nuclear industry towards ionizing radiations. Three aspects were considered: awareness of the danger; feeling of safety in the working environment; workers' feelings following incidents or accidents; satisfaction level felt by the workers in the plant
Knowledge and Attitude Towards Epilepsy Among Biology Teachers in Fars Province, Iran
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Ali Akbar ASADI-POOYA
Full Text Available ObjectiveThis study investigates the awareness and perception on "epilepsy" amongst biology teachers in Fars province, Iran.Materials & MethodsA sample of high school biology teachers in Fars province, Iran, filled out an investigator designed questionnaire including questions about their knowledge and attitude concerning "epilepsy". There were 17 questions in the questionnaire. Nine questions addressed the knowledge and the rest were about attitude and perception.ResultsForty two teachers completed the questionnaires. More than two-thirds of the participants had a fairly desirable awareness about the definition; whereas, only approximately 40% knew something about the etiology and treatment of epilepsy. More than two-thirds of the participants had a positive attitude towards epilepsy; however, misconceptions and negative attitudes were observed.ConclusionEducational programs for biology teachers and also other teachers are necessary to improve their knowledge, attitude and perception about epilepsy.
Designing the perfect survey questionnaire is impossible. However, researchers can still create an effective research. To make your questionnaire effective, it is necessary to pretest it before actually using it. The following paper reveals some general guidelines on pretesting and what to do for a more effective marketing research giving the fact that the existing literature highlights the importance and indispensability of pretesting and on the other hand, does not provide sufficient inform...
Public attitudes toward the right to die.
Genuis, S. J.; Genuis, S. K.; Chang, W. C.
OBJECTIVE: To determine public attitudes toward the right to die, euthanasia and related end-of-life decisions. DESIGN: Mail survey based on telephone numbers randomly selected by computer. SETTING: Edmonton. PARTICIPANTS: Of 1347 computer-generated, randomly selected telephone numbers called between February and June 1992, 902 individuals were reached, and 500 eligible contacts (55%) agreed to fill out the mailed questionnaire based on 12 vignettes involving end-of-life decisions. A total of...
Attitude to blood donation in Saudi Arabia
Abdel Gader Abdel Galil; Osman Abdel Moniem; Al Gahtani Furgah; Farghali Mohamed; Ramadan Ali; Al-Momen Abdel Kareem
Background and Objectives: The blood donor system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia depends on a combination of voluntary and involuntary donors. The aim of this study is to explore the attitudes, beliefs and motivations of Saudis toward blood donation. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Donor Centers at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH) Blood Bank and King Saud University Students Health Center, Riyadh. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to donors (n = 517...
Attitude and Willingness towards Tissue Donation in
Sanavi, S.; Afshar, R.; Sanavi, N.
Background: Tissue donation has been promising in prolonging the lives of people with life-threateningdiseases.Objective: To assess the attitude and willingness of high school students towards bone marrow (BM) andblood (as tissue) donation for maintaining a safe and adequate pool.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the high school girls, aged 15–18 years, whostudied in natural sciences, mathematics and humanities. All participants filled a questionnaire consistingof age,...
Students' awareness of and attitudes to AIDS
Brown, J. S.; Irwin, W. G.; Steele, K.; Harland, R. W.
Students' attitudes to and knowledge and awareness of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was assessed by questionnaire. The recent information campaign reached a high proportion of the sample of 1063 students and television was the most memorable medium. Students were generally aware that AIDS was not associated with social contact but there was confusion about the risk of infection from donating or receiving blood, with 17.9% of blood donors now less willing to donate blood. Most...
Patients' attitude about generics – Bulgarian perspective
Hristina Lebanova; Dimitar Manolov; Ilko Getov
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to investigate (1) what is the patients' attitude towards and (2) preferences to use generic medicines in Bulgaria and (3) which are the main factors influencing their opinion.METHODS: Using pseudo-randomization we select a sample of 225 participants, men and women from general population, patients in community pharmacies. For our survey we used a standardized self-questionnaire of ten points. The influence of sex, age, education, medical history, kn...
Family physicians' attitudes toward advance directives.
Hughes, D. L.; Singer, P. A.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the attitudes toward, the experience with and the knowledge of advance directives of family physicians in Ontario. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS: A questionnaire was mailed to 1000 family physicians, representing a random sample of one-third of the active members of the Ontario College of Family Physicians; 643 (64%) responded. RESULTS: In all, 86% of the physicians favoured the use of advance directives, but only 19% had ever discussed them with more than...
Resolving conflicting safety cultures
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Several nuclear power plant sites have been wounded in the crossfire between two distinct corporate cultures. The traditional utility culture lies on one side and that of the nuclear navy on the other. The two corporate cultures lead to different perceptions of open-quotes safety culture.close quotes This clash of safety cultures obscures a very important point about nuclear plant operations: Safety depends on organizational learning. Organizational learning provides the foundation for a perception of safety culture that transcends the conflict between utility and nuclear navy cultures. Corporate culture may be defined as the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs shared by employees of a given company. Safety culture is the part of corporate culture concerning shared attitudes and beliefs affecting individual or public safety. If the safety culture promotes behaviors that lead to greater safety, employees will tend to open-quotes do the right thingclose quotes even when circumstances and formal guidance alone do not ensure that actions will be correct. Safety culture has become particularly important to nuclear plant owners and regulators as they have sought to establish and maintain a high level of safety in today's plants
Parental attitudes and opinions on the use of psychotropic medication in mental disorders of childhood
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Haviara Fotini
Full Text Available Abstract Background The limited number of systematic, controlled studies that assess the safety and efficacy of psychotropic medications for children reinforce the hesitation and reluctance of parents to administer such medications. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of parents of children with psychiatric disorders, towards psychotropic medication. Methods A 20-item questionnaire was distributed to 140 parents during their first contact with an outpatient child psychiatric service. The questionnaire comprised of questions regarding the opinions, knowledge and attitudes of parents towards children's psychotropic medication. Sociodemographic data concerning parents and children were also recorded. Frequency tables were created and the chi-square test and Fisher's exact tests were used for the comparison of the participants' responses according to sex, educational level, age and gender of the child and use of medication. Results Respondents were mostly mothers aged 25–45 years. Children for whom they asked for help with were mostly boys, aged between 6 and 12 years old. A total of 83% of the subjects stated that they knew psychotropic drugs are classified into categories, each having a distinct mechanism of action and effectiveness. A total of 40% believe that there is a proper use of psychotropic medication, while 20% believe that psychiatrists unnecessarily use high doses of psychotropic medication. A total of 80% fear psychotropic agents more than other types of medication. Most parents are afraid to administer psychotropic medication to their child when compared to any other medication, and believe that psychotherapy is the most effective method of dealing with every kind of mental disorders, including childhood schizophrenia (65%. The belief that children who take psychotropic medication from early childhood are more likely to develop drug addiction later is correlated with the parental level of education. Conclusion Parents' opinions and beliefs are not in line with scientific facts. This suggests a need to further inform the parents on the safety and efficacy of psychotropic medication in order to improve treatment compliance.
Jitendra Zaveri
Objective: Objective of the present study is to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of universal work precautions amongst medical laboratory technicians in private hospitals. Methodology: Cross-sectional study of health care workers was conducted using a pretested self-administered questionnaire, which enquired about knowledge, attitude and practices of universal work precautions. The hepatitis B vaccination statuses were also asked. Results: 200 questionnaires were administered t...
Household attitudes and knowledge on drinking water enhance water hazards in peri-urban communities in Western Kenya
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Kimongu J. Kioko
Full Text Available Ensuring safe drinking water remains a big challenge in developing countries where waterborne diseases cause havoc in many communities. A major challenge is limited knowledge, misinformation and attitudes that work against ensuring that drinking water is safe. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and practices of peri-urban households in Kakamega Town of Western Kenya, concerning the collection, treatment and storage of drinking water. Alongside this we examined the role of solid waste disposal in water safety. Three hundred and seventy eight households from four residential regions of varying economic levels were randomly sampled in Kakamega Town. Data was collected via questionnaire interviews that incorporated attitude questions based on a Likert scale of 1?5, and administered to the households and key informants. The results showed most respondents were knowledgeable about ideal methods of water collection, treatment and storage. However, they did not practise them appropriately. Some attitudes among the respondents worked against the ideals of achieving safe drinking water. For instance, many households perceived their drinking water source as safe and did not treat it, even when obtained from open sources like rivers. Further, they preferred to store drinking water in clay pots, because the pots kept the water cold, rather than use the narrow-necked containers that limit exposure to contaminants. Also, hand washing with soap was not practised enough in their daily lives to avoid contact with waterborne hazards. We recommend that the government undertake training programmes on drinking water safety that advocate appropriate water use, hygiene and sanitation strategies.
Factors Influencing Schoolchildren's Responses to a Questionnaire in Wildlife Conservation Education
Ballouard, Jean-Marie; Mullin, Stephen J.; Ajtic, Rastko; Brito, José Carlos; ElMouden, El Hassan; Erdogan, Mehmet; Feriche, Monica; Pleguezuelos, Juan M.; Prokop, Pavol; Sánchez, Aida; Santos, Xavier; Slimani, Tahar; Sterijovski, Bogoljub; Tomovic, Ljiljana; Usak, Muhammet; Zuffi, Marco; Bonnet, Xavier
Questionnaires are important tools for assessing attitudes regarding conservation issues. However, they are not easily comparable and their reliability has been insufficiently assessed. We examined factors influencing responses to open- and closed-ended questions about animal conservation to more than 600 schoolchildren (9 years old on average).…
Value Questionnaires For Marriage and Family Living; A Creative Classroom Activity by Edu-Game.
This booklet is a series of 10 unit-organized questionnaires to stimulate discussion on a variety of topics in the area of marriage and family life. These values clarification activities can help 11th and 12th grade students confirm or reevaluate personal attitudes. The units included in this activity are: Love and Marriage; Male and Female…
IITS Students' Evaluation Questionnaire for the Fall Semester of 1991. A Summary and Report.
Jones, Ted
A mail survey of students enrolled in distance education classes in library science and health education and promotion was conducted after the courses were first offered in the fall semester of 1991. The 77-item questionnaire explored attitudes, opinions, and preferences relating to the Intercampus, Interactive Telecommunications System (IITS),…
Gender differences in attitudes toward nuclear power: a multivariate explanation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in attitudes toward nuclear power and to discover what factors account for these differences. The marginality explanation for these differences suggest that women have less-favorable attitudes toward nuclear power because they are less concerned about energy supplies and economic growth and are less convinced of the benefits of nuclear power for society than are men. The irrationality explanation holds that women are less favorable toward nuclear power because they are less knowledgeable about this technology than are men. The lay-rationality explanation argues that people form attitudes toward nuclear power which are consistent with their relevant beliefs, attitudes and values; thus, this explanation suggests that women's unfavorable attitudes toward nuclear power stem from greater concern about environmental protection, exposing society to risk, and lower faith in science and technology. Data for this study were collected via a mail questionnaire administered to a state wide sample of Washington residents (n= 696)
Knowledge and Attitude of University Students Towards Premarital Screening Program
Rahma Al Kindi; Salha Al Rujaibi; Maya Al Kendi
Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitude of Sultan Qaboos University students towards premarital screening program.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at the students' clinic from January to April 2011. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 590 unmarried Omani students of both genders. The questionnaire consisted of 3 main parts; the first part was based on socio-demographic data, the second part dealt with the students' knowledge a...
Saudi school students' knowledge, attitude and practice toward medicines
Ahmed S. Eldalo; Yousif, Mirghani A.; Abdallah, Mustafa Awad
The current study was aimed to assess Saudi school students' knowledge, attitude and practice about medicines. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was used anonymously among 15–20 year-old adolescents attending tertiary schools in Taif City, KSA. A total of 1022 students completed the questionnaires. Only 15.4% of the respondents knew the medicines' uses. Most of the students 79.6% affirmed that they used to take medicines after consulting physicians, and 45.1% of the students ...
Transmission of social attitudes.
Martin, N G; Eaves, L J; Heath, A. C.; JARDINE, R; Feingold, L M; Eysenck, H. J.
Data gathered in Australia and England on the social attitudes of spouses and twins are largely consistent with a genetic model for family resemblance in social attitudes. There is substantial assortative mating and little evidence of vertical cultural inheritance.
Estudio transversal de las actitudes hacia la ciencia en estudiantes de grados quinto a undécimo. Adaptación y aplicación de un instrumento para valorar actitudes / Cross-sectional study on secondary students' attitudes towards science. Adaptation and application of an attitude questionnaire / Estudo transversal das atitudes em relaçăo ŕ cięncia de estudantes do 5° ano do Ensino Fundamental e 3° ano do Ensino Médio: Adaptaçăo e aplicaçăo de um instrumento de atitudes
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Manuel, Molina; José, Carriazo; Jaime, Casas.
Full Text Available O presente trabalho mostra um estudo das atitudes em relaçăo ŕ cięncia em um grupo de estudantes ao longo de diferentes níveis do Ensino Básico, por meio da implementaçăo, ajuste e aplicaçăo de um instrumento avaliativo proposto originalmente por Barmby, Kind e Jones (2008). A aplicaçăo do instrumen [...] to e de uma entrevista semi-estruturada permitiram obter resultados confiáveis (alfa de Cronbach, a = 0,77) sobre diferentes categorias de atitudes frente ŕ cięncia. Os resultados indicam que, na populaçăo estudada, năo há diferenças significativas em relaçăo a gęnero. Se observaram concepçőes favoráveis a respeito de "a importância da cięncia e da tecnologia" e do "trabalho prático em cięncias", mas desfavoráveis diante das possibilidades futuras de trabalhar no âmbito científico e com manifestaçőes recorrentes sobre imaginários de complexidade em relaçăo ŕ atividade científica. Por fim, é evidente a diminuiçăo progressiva (desde o quinto ano até o terceiro ano do Ensino Médio) das atitudes favoráveis com relaçăo ŕs cięncias. Abstract in spanish El presente trabajo muestra el estudio de las actitudes hacia la ciencia en un grupo de estudiantes a lo largo de los diferentes niveles de secundaria, según la implementación, ajuste y aplicación de un instrumento evaluativo propuesto originalmente por Barmby, Kind y Jones (2008). La aplicación del [...] instrumento y de una entrevista semiestructurada permitieron obtener resultados confiables (alfa de Cronbach, ? = 0,77)sobre diferentes categorías de actitud frente a la ciencia. Los resultados indican que, en la población estudiada, no hay diferencias significativas respecto al género. Se observaron concepciones favorables respecto a la importancia de la ciencia y la tecnología y al trabajo práctico en ciencias, pero desfavorables frente a las posibilidades futuras de trabajar en el ámbito científico y con manifestaciones recurrentes sobre imaginarios de complejidad hacia la actividad científica. Finalmente, es evidente una disminución progresiva (desde grado quinto hasta grado undécimo) de las actitudes favorables frente a las ciencias. Abstract in english This paper presents a study on secondary students' attitudes towards science. It was carried out by designing, adjusting and applying an assessment instrument initially designed by Barmby, Kind and Jones, (2008). The application of this instrument and a pedagogical semi-structured interview allowed [...] the collecting of reliable results (Cronbach alpha, ? = 0, 77), using several attitude categories (attitude components or constructs) for science. According to the obtained data, there are not important differences regarding the gender (male or female students' attitudes). It was found that there are positive conceptions regarding the "importance of science and technology" and the importance of laboratory work in science". However, it was found that the students present unfavourable conceptions regarding the future possibilities of working in the science field. In addition, several recurrent ideas considering the science as a complex activity were observed. Finally, a progressive decrease of the positive attitudes to science was evident from 5th to 11th grade students.
Assessment of Public Attitude Changes toward Exceptional Children as a Result of Public Newspaper Advertisements.
Smith, Sterling; Ogley, Peter
To assess whether newspaper advertising would affect attitudes toward handicapped children, a series of newspaper advertisements were run over a five-month period. It was concluded that the ads produced significant difference in attitudes of persons manifest by their response to the questionnaire. (SB)
Group Supervision Attitudes: Supervisory Practices Fostering Resistance to Adoption of Evidence-Based Practices
Brooks, Charles T.; Patterson, David A.; McKiernan, Patrick M.
The focus of this study was to qualitatively evaluate worker's attitudes about clinical supervision. It is believed that poor attitudes toward clinical supervision can create barriers during supervision sessions. Fifty-one participants within a social services organization completed an open-ended questionnaire regarding their clinical supervision…
Knowledge of and Attitude towards Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Primary School Teachers in Jordan
Al-Omari, Hasan; Al-Motlaq, Mohammad A.; Al-Modallal, Hanan
International studies have revealed variable levels of knowledge and attitudes among teachers regarding attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study investigated Jordanian teachers' ADHD knowledge and their attitudes towards children with this condition. A standardised self-report questionnaire was completed by a convenience sample…
A Cross-Age Study of Science Student Teachers' Chemistry Attitudes
Çalik, Muammer; Ültay, Neslihan; Kolomuç, Ali; Aytar, Ayse
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of some variables (gender and year of study) on science student teachers' (SSTs) chemistry attitudes. An adapted version of Chemistry Attitudes and Experiences Questionnaire was administered to 983 SSTs drawn from four different universities in the region of Eastern Black Sea, Turkey. Significant…
Teachers' Readiness to Implement Nutrition Education Programs: Beliefs, Attitudes, and Barriers
Perikkou, Anastasia; Kokkinou, Eleni; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B.; Yannakoulia, Mary
Teachers' attitudes about school food environments and their readiness to implement school-based nutrition programs were investigated. A total of 1,436 primary-school teachers filled out a questionnaire on their demographic and professional characteristics and their attitudes, beliefs, and barriers for implementing health educational programs. The…
Attitudes toward Cosmetic Surgery in Middle-Aged Women: Body Image, Aging Anxiety, and the Media
Slevec, Julie; Tiggemann, Marika
Our study investigated factors that influence attitudes toward cosmetic surgery in middle-aged women. A sample of 108 women, aged between 35 and 55 years, completed questionnaire measures of body dissatisfaction, appearance investment, aging anxiety, media exposure (television and magazine), and attitudes toward cosmetic surgery (delineated in…
Gender, Age, Attendance at a Place of Worship and Young People's Attitudes towards the Bible
Freathy, R. J. K.
This article discusses the outcomes of a questionnaire survey which sought to ascertain the attitudes of young people towards the Bible. One thousand and sixty-six pupils from Years 6, 9 and 12 in nine English schools participated. The young people's attitudes are discussed in relation to gender, age and attendance at a place of worship. The…
Yes I Can: The Contributions of Motivation and Attitudes on Course Performance among Biology Nonmajors
Partin, Matthew L.; Haney, Jodi J.; Worch, Eric A.; Underwood, Eileen M.; Nurnberger-Haag, Julie A.; Scheuermann, Amy; Midden, W. Robert
Undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory biology course for nonmajors during the fall semester of 2007 were administered the Biology Attitude Scale (Russell and Hollander 1975), a constructed Mathematics Attitude Scale, and a portion of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich and Smith 1993). Together, the…
Attitude of Students Towards Cooperative Learning Methods at Knox Community College: A Descriptive Study
McLeish, Keritha
The study was conducted to determine the attitude of students towards cooperative learning at a community college. Questionnaires were administered to ninety (90) students and twelve (12) lecturers, in-depth interviews were conducted with three lecturers and two classes were observed to investigate the students attitude towards cooperative…
Student Teachers' Attitudes and Concerns about Inclusive Education in Ghana and Botswana
Kuyini, Ahmed Bawa; Mangope, Boitumelo
This study examined student teachers' attitudes and concerns about inclusive education in Ghana and Botswana. A three-part survey questionnaire consisting of background variables, attitudes, and concerns was completed by 202 students from four teacher training institutions in both countries. One of the institutions was a university and the others…
Paediatricians knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding immunizations for infants in Italy
Marinelli Paolo; Di Giuseppe Gabriella; Anastasi Daniela; Angelillo Italo F.
Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate whether paediatricians have appropriate knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours regarding vaccinations for infants in Italy. Methods A random sample of 500 paediatricians received a self-administered anonymous questionnaire covering demographic and professional characteristics; knowledge about the mandatory, recommended, and not indicated vaccinations for infants; attitudes about vaccinations for infants; behaviour regarding curren...
The Influence of Self-Compassion on Academic Procrastination and Dysfunctional Attitudes
Iskender, Murat
In the present study, aims were (1) to determine gender differences in self-compassion, academic procrastination, and dysfunctional attitudes and (2) to examine the relationships between self-compassion, academic procrastination, and dysfunctional attitudes. Participants were 251 university students who completed a questionnaire package that…
Social Reward Questionnaire (SRQ: Development and validation
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Full Text Available Human beings seek out social interactions as a source of reward. To date, there have been limited attempts to identify different forms of social reward, and little is known about how the value of social rewards might vary between individuals. This study aimed to address both these issues by developing the Social Reward Questionnaire (SRQ, a measure of individual differences in the value of different social rewards. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA was run on an initial set of 75 items (N=305. Based on this analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA was then conducted on a second sample (N=505 with a refined 23-item scale. This analysis was used to test a six-factor structure, which resulted in good model fit (CFI=.96, RSMEA=.07. The factors represent six subscales of social reward defined as follows: Admiration; Negative Social Potency; Passivity; Prosocial Interactions; Sexual Reward; and Sociability. All subscales demonstrated good test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Each subscale also showed a distinct pattern of associations with external correlates measuring personality traits, attitudes and goals, thus demonstrating construct validity. Taken together, the findings suggest that the SRQ is a reliable, valid measure that can be used to assess individual differences in the value experienced from different social rewards.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Individual Differences in Attitudes Toward Homosexuality: An Australian Twin Study
Verweij, K. J. H.; Shekar, S.N.; Zietsch, B.P.; Eaves, L. J.; Bailey, J. M.; Boomsma, D.I.; Martin, N.G.
Previous research has shown that many heterosexuals hold negative attitudes toward homosexuals and homosexuality (homophobia). Although a great deal of research has focused on the profile of homophobic individuals, this research provides little theoretical insight into the aetiology of homophobia. To examine genetic and environmental influences on variation in attitudes toward homophobia, we analysed data from 4,688 twins who completed a questionnaire concerning sexual behaviour and attitudes...
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Preferences of Contraceptive Methods in Udupi District, Karnataka
Sonam Zangmu Sherpa; Melita Sheilini; Asha Nayak
Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and preferences on contraceptive methods among the female population, to determine the association between knowledge and attitude on contraceptive methods with the variables.Materials and methods: A Descriptive survey of 136 females between 18- 45 year of age were done using a structured knowledge questionnaire, structured attitude scale and opinionnaire on practice and preference during the month of January 2012 to February 2012 at Mood...
Family resemblance in fat intake, nutrition attitudes and beliefs: a study among three generations of women.
Stafleu, A.
In this thesis nutrition attitudes, beliefs, and fat intake in three generations of women are described. The aim of the study was twofold: the development of methods, and to study family resemblance in food habits. Based on literature study and qualitative pilot studies a questionnaire on beliefs and attitudes towards the consumption of 20 foods was developed for which Fishbein and Ajzen's theory of reasoned action was used as a framework. In addition, an attitude scale was developed towards ...
Support, Inclusion, and Special Education Teachers' Attitudes toward the Education of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Isabel R. Rodríguez; David Saldańa; F. Javier Moreno
This study is aimed at assessing special education teachers' attitudes toward teaching pupils with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and at determining the role of variables associated with a positive attitude towards the children and their education. Sixty-nine special education teachers were interviewed. The interview included two multiple-choice Likert-type questionnaires, one about teachers' attitude, and another about teachers' perceived needs in relation to the specific education of the ...
19 CFR 357.105 - Questionnaires.
...2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Questionnaires. 357.105 Section 357.105...SUPPLY PROCEDURES § 357.105 Questionnaires. For reviews conducted under...the Secretary normally will send questionnaires to potential...
Comparative analysis of positive and negative attitudes toward statistics
Ghulami, Hassan Rahnaward; Ab Hamid, Mohd Rashid; Zakaria, Roslinazairimah
Many statistics lecturers and statistics education researchers are interested to know the perception of their students' attitudes toward statistics during the statistics course. In statistics course, positive attitude toward statistics is a vital because it will be encourage students to get interested in the statistics course and in order to master the core content of the subject matters under study. Although, students who have negative attitudes toward statistics they will feel depressed especially in the given group assignment, at risk for failure, are often highly emotional, and could not move forward. Therefore, this study investigates the students' attitude towards learning statistics. Six latent constructs have been the measurement of students' attitudes toward learning statistic such as affect, cognitive competence, value, difficulty, interest, and effort. The questionnaire was adopted and adapted from the reliable and validate instrument of Survey of Attitudes towards Statistics (SATS). This study is conducted among engineering undergraduate engineering students in the university Malaysia Pahang (UMP). The respondents consist of students who were taking the applied statistics course from different faculties. From the analysis, it is found that the questionnaire is acceptable and the relationships among the constructs has been proposed and investigated. In this case, students show full effort to master the statistics course, feel statistics course enjoyable, have confidence that they have intellectual capacity, and they have more positive attitudes then negative attitudes towards statistics learning. In conclusion in terms of affect, cognitive competence, value, interest and effort construct the positive attitude towards statistics was mostly exhibited. While negative attitudes mostly exhibited by difficulty construct.
Human factors questionnaire as a tool for risk assessment
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The human factors engineering (HFE) as a discipline, and as a process, seeks to discover and to apply knowledge about human capabilities and limitations to system and equipment design, ensuring that the system design, human tasks and work environment are compatible with the sensory, perceptual, cognitive and physical attributes of the personnel who operates systems and equipment. Risk significance considers the magnitude of the consequences (loss of life, material damage, environmental degradation) and the frequency of occurrence of a particular adverse event. The questionnaire design was based on the following definitions: the score and the classification of the nuclear safety risk. The principal benefit of applying an approach based on the risk significance in the development of the questionnaire is to ensure the identification and evaluation of the features of the projects, related to human factors, which affect the nuclear safety risk, the human actions and the safety of the nuclear plant systems. The human factors questionnaire developed in this study will provide valuable support for risk assessment, making possible the identification of design problems that can influence the evaluation of the nuclear safety risk. (author)
Françoise Benz
ACADEMIC TRAINING Françoise Benz tel. 73127 firstname.lastname@example.com SUGGEST AND WIN! Its time to plan the 2004-2005 lecture series. From today until March 19 you have the chance to give your contribution to planning for next year's Academic Training Lecture Series. At the web site: http://cern.ch/Academic.Training/questionnaire you will find questionnaires proposing topics in high energy physics, applied physics and science and society. Answering the questionnaire will help ensure that the selected topics are as close as possible to your interests. In particular requests and comments from students will be much appreciated. To encourage your contribution, the AT Committee will reward one lucky winner with a small prize, a 50 CHF coupon for a book purchase at the CERN bookshop.
Rural Students? Skills and Attitudes Towards Information and Communication Technology
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Hairulliza M. Judi
Full Text Available Problem statement: Despite various initiatives and programmes by the government to incorporate ICT in education, not much research has been done to evaluate the achievement of these initiatives and programmes, including ICT proficiency among students. This study fills in the gap of lack of current information pertaining to the Malaysian secondary school students? ICT competencies, knowledge on internet and attitudes toward computer technology. Approach: Data for this study has been gathered from a survey on 585 students in Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tengku Temenggung Ahmad (SMKTTA in the rural district of Kundang Ulu, Johore. The specific area has been selected by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia under one of its community service projects.The instrument used was a questionnaire comprised of demographic variables and three other sub-scales. The sub-scales are software and hardware usage; motivation for self study and ICT usage competency and Internet usage and safety awareness. Results: Results show that generally, students have moderately positive attitudes toward ICT, have low to moderate level of ICT competencies and have limited knowledge on internet. Conclusion: Findings from this study have implications to the approach of teaching and learning of ICT subjects, their evaluation and assessment and future initiative related to ICT education and infrastructure development towards creating a well-connected society. It is recommended that schools provide enough facilities for students? hands-on experiences. Teachers should incorporate productive computing activities in their teaching such as using spreadsheet, database and programming, besides purposive web searching. Rural internet centres should also be established. Evaluation, monitoring and maintainance of ICT programs is a must to ensure their effectiveness and efficiency. The utmost end result would be the emergence of more ICT proficient personnel who will contribute to the development of the country.
Social attitudes and radioactive waste management
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
There is widespread public concern over nuclear power and radioactive waste. Although the opposition is probably still in the minority, the proportion is sufficient to put the future of the nuclear industry in jeopardy in those countries where there is a choice. It is suggested that, if risk perceptions are to be changed, the whole attitude towards this hazardous technology must be carefully dissected and analyzed. Scientifically designed methods of attitude change can then be implemented. In particular, the social and cultural context that sustains the attitude has to be addressed through its constituent beliefs about employment prospects, safety, economic and political benefits etc. Factual knowledge, on the other hand, is largely irrelevant to attitude orientation. If anything, the antis have substantially more factual knowledge than the pros. The emotional component of the attitude is a crude, fast acting system that often controls the cognitive input and its organization. If attitude change is to succeed, a massive communication/education campaign is required over several years. But it would need to be based on the most relevant messages, originating from highly credible sources, purveyed through the most appropriate media and targeted to the moderate pros and antis and to the uncommitted
College Student Services Accreditation Questionnaire.
Cassel, Russell N.
This questionnaire is intended for use as one aspect in accrediting the "Student Personnel Services" which an institution of higher learning provides for students. Areas in question include personal development, health fostering, vocational preparation, effective personalized learning, economic viability, transpersonal offerings, and satisfactory…
Questionnaire Research in Higher Education.
Inoue, Yukiko
The objective of this paper is to discuss the survey as a research method based on three questionnaire surveys developed and administered in educational settings: (1) a survey exploring the status aspiration and gender awareness of undergraduate women completed by 62 respondents; (2) a survey of computer-assisted instruction completed by 111…
Energy Balance Survey: Adult Questionnaire
The Physician Survey of Practices on Diet, Physical Activity, and Weight Control -- Adult Questionnaire is sponsored by the National Cancer Institute in collaboration with the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
B. Griglio; S. Lomonaco; D. Nucera; M. A. Grassi
Consumers nowadays play a critical role in the prevention of food poisoning. For this reason, the present research was planned to collect data on how aware about food safety consumers are. A questionnaire considering food labelling, hygiene, transport, storage, preparation and kitchen hygiene was designed and submitted to consumers (health district ASL TO5). After questionnaire analysis, a training course was prepared to address specific problems. Kitchens of consentient participants were vis...
The Attitudes & Beliefs on Classroom Control Inventory-Revised and Revisited: A Continuation of Construct Validation
Martin, Nancy K.; Yin, Zenong; Mayall, Hayley
The purpose of this study was to report the psychometric properties of the revised Attitudes and Beliefs of Classroom Control Inventory (ABCC-R). Data were collected from 489 participants via the ABCC-R, Teacher Efficacy Scale, Problems in School Questionnaire, and a demographic questionnaire. Results were in keeping with the construct. The…
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Clinicians in Promoting Physical Activity to Prostate Cancer Survivors
Spellman, Claire; Craike, Melinda; Livingston, Patricia M.
Objectives: This study examined the knowledge, attitudes and practices of clinicians in promoting physical activity to prostate cancer survivors. Design: A purposeful sample was used and cross-sectional data were collected using an anonymous, self-reported online questionnaire or an identical paper-based questionnaire. Settings: Health services…
Technology Teachers' Attitudes toward Nuclear Energy and Their Implications for Technology Education
Lee, Lung-Sheng; Yang, Hsiu-Chuan
The purpose of this paper was to explore high-school (grades 10-12) technology teachers' attitudes toward nuclear energy and their implications to technology education. A questionnaire was developed to solicit 323 high-school technology teachers' responses in June 2013 and 132 (or 41%) valid questionnaires returned. Consequently, the…
Alberta High School Counsellors' Knowledge of Homosexuality and Their Attitudes toward Gay Males
Alderson, Kevin G.; Orzeck, Tricia L.; McEwen, Scott C.
In this study we investigated Alberta high school counsellors' knowledge about homosexuality and their attitudes toward gay males. Three questionnaires were mailed to 648 high school counselling centres; 223 individuals returned the completed questionnaires. Most counsellors attained low scores in measured homo-negativity and high scores regarding…
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Su-Chang Chen, Professor
Full Text Available This study aims to probe into relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention and measure the mediating effect by entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial attitude. A total of 550 questionnaires were distributed to seven universities in Taiwan. After eliminating the questionnaires with incomplete answers and invalid ones, there were 392 validity samples, with a valid return rate of 71.27%. The results indicated that "openness to experience", "extraversion" and "conscientiousness" positively influence entrepreneurship; "neuroticism" negatively influences entrepreneurship; "agreeableness", "openness to experience", "extraversion" and "conscientiousness" influence entrepreneurial attitude; entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial attitude reveal partial mediating effects between "openness to experience", "extraversion" and"conscientiousness" in personality traits and entrepreneurial intention.
An Analysis of Attitudes toward Computer Networks and Internet Addiction.
Tsai, Chin-Chung; Lin, Sunny S. J.
The purpose of this study was to explore the interplay between young people's attitudes toward computer networks and Internet addiction. After analyzing questionnaire responses of an initial sample of 615 Taiwanese high school students, 78 subjects, viewed as possible Internet addicts, were selected for further explorations. It was found that…
An International Comparison of Computer Perceptions, Attitudes and Access.
Chisholm, Ines Marquez; Irwin, Leslie; Carey, Jane M.
This study examined cross-cultural technology training and education. A four-part questionnaire addressed computer training preferences, computer attitudes and perceptions, and computer access among Chinese, Ghanaian, and American students in college business and education classes. The differences in computer ownership among students reflected…
Measuring Attitudes toward Acceptable and Unacceptable Parenting Practices
Budd, Karen S.; Behling, Steven; Li, Yan; Parikshak, Sangeeta; Gershenson, Rachel A.; Feuer, Rachel; Danko, Christina M.
This study investigated the properties of a new rating instrument, the Parenting Questionnaire (PQ), designed to measure attitudes about acceptable and unacceptable parenting practices. In Study 1, subject matter experts representing culturally diverse psychologists, parents, and college students were consulted to identify 110 items receiving high…
Young People, Pornography, and Sexuality: Sources and Attitudes
Wallmyr, Gudrun; Welin, Catharina
The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of and attitudes among young people toward pornography and their sources of information about sexuality. Eight hundred and seventy-six young people ages 15-25 years (555 females and 321 males) who visited a youth center in Sweden for a period of 1 year answered a questionnaire about their use of…
Scale Development: Heterosexist Attitudes in Women's Collegiate Athletics
Mullin, Elizabeth M.
Homophobia and heterosexism in women's athletics have been studied extensively using a qualitative approach. Limited research from a quantitative approach has been conducted in the area and none with a sport-specific instrument. The purpose of the current study was to develop a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure heterosexist attitudes in…
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Full Text Available The Study investigated the attitude of students towards Problem Solving Assessment. Descriptive research design of the survey type was used. Three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A total of 200 secondary school students were selected through stratified random sampling technique. Avalidated questionnaire vetted by experts in measurement and research was used as an instrument for data collection. Independent t-test statistic was used for data analysis. The study revealed that students' attitude towards Attitude of Problem Solving Assessment were significantly positive; that gender and school location significantly influenced students' attitude towards Attitude of Problem Solving Assessment . The results further revealed that there are significant differences between attitude of male and female students in rural and urban schools towards Attitude of Problem Solving Assessment Based on these findings, the researchers recommended that school education board should open well equipped teaching with problem solving assessment in both urban and rural schools .
A Complementary Alternative Medicine Questionnaire for Young Adults
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Christine Patterson
Full Text Available Limited information exists on how adolescents decide to use complementary/alternative medicine (CAM. There are also no instruments specific to CAM, for the young adult population, which makes it difficult to explore knowledge in this area. The purpose of this study was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of the CAM Questionnaire for Young Adults which measures young adults' attitudes about CAM. Participants for this cross-sectional survey were selected from enrolled undergraduate students at an urban university. Factor analysis identified three subscales: 1 positive beliefs about CAM; 2 environmental influence; and 3 psychological comfort. The scale has good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79 and shows beginning demonstration of validity. Its use in this sample revealed that young adults who are female and have used CAM in the past for preventing or treating illness have the most positive attitude towards CAM and the greatest likelihood for continued use. The implication that prevention may play a role in young adults' attitudes about CAM is a potential focus for future research.
Does personality predict medical students' attitudes to learning communication skills?
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Beatriz Molinuevo
Full Text Available Objectives: To determine whether personality is related to medical students' attitudes towards learning communication skills and self-ratings on communication skills. Methods: 524 first- and 507 second-year medical students completed the Communications Skills Attitudes Scale and rated their own communication skills. First-year students answered the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and second-year students the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses, controlling for gender, were conducted to study the impact of personality on attitudes. Analysis of variance followed by post hoc Duncan test was used to compare differences in personality traits depending on students' self-ratings on communication skills. Results: After controlling for gender, personality traits predicted differences in attitudes and were significantly related to medical students' self-ratings. Medical students with higher scores on psychoticism or aggression-hostility showed worse attitudes. Students who tended to have a better self-image scored higher on extraversion, psychoticism, impulsive-sensation seeking, or aggression-hostility traits. Conclusions: Findings support the consideration of personality traits for better student career guidance and counselling. Some students could have more difficulties to internalize certain healthcare professional competencies and show more resistance to attitude change.
Application of the attitude toward enterprise (ATE) test on secondary school learners in South Africa
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Andre G, Steenekamp; Stephan P van der, Merwe; Rosemary, Athayde.
Full Text Available The main aim of this research paper was to discuss the application of the Attitude Toward Enterprise (ATE) Testą developed by Kingston University, London, on secondary school learners in South Africa. A total of 1 748 usable questionnaires were gathered from grade 10 learners in the Sedibeng Distric [...] t and utilised for statistical analysis. Five factors with eigen-values greater than one describing the entrepreneurial attitudes of young learners were extracted during exploratory factor analysis. Tests for reliability and construct correlation produced satisfactory results to recommend the Enterprise Attitude Questionnaire for further use on young learners in South Africa. A comparison of the mean differences between the constructs for demographic variables produced statistically significant differences in a number of instances, but no visible effects or practical significance to suggest that these differences have any effect in practice. Practical recommendations are offered for further employment of the Enterprise Attitude Questionnaire in entrepreneurship research on young learners.
Questionnaires in dictionary use research: A reexamination
Lew, Robert
The present paper re-examines the usefulness of questionnaires in dictionary use research, using Glynn Hatherall's well-known criticism of questionnaires as a starting point. It is argued here that charges directed at questionnaires apply equally easily to the alternatives suggested by Hatherall. It is claimed that some research questions require a questionnaire approach. It is also demonstrated through example that unreliability of questionnaire-based studies may well result from design fact...
Test-taking skills of secondary students: the relationship with motivation, attitudes, anxiety and attitudes towards tests
Scientific Electronic Library Online (English)
Hamzeh M, Dodeen; Faisal, Abdelfattah; Saleh, Alshumrani.
Full Text Available Test-taking skills are cognitive skills that enable students to undergo any test-taking situation in an appropriate manner. This study is aimed at assessing the relationship between students' test-taking skills and each of the following variables: motivation to learn mathematics; mathematics anxiety [...] ; attitudes towards mathematics; and attitudes towards tests. The study was conducted on a random sample of 626 (372 males and 254 females) secondary school students. The following instruments were used in the data collection: the Test-taking Skills Scale (TSS); the Mathematics Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MMSLQ); the Mathematics Anxiety Scale-Revised (MAS-R); the Mathematics Attitude Inventory (MAI); and the Attitude towards Tests Scale (ATS). A positive and significant relationship was reported between students' test-taking skills and each student's motivation to learn mathematics, attitudes towards mathematics, and attitudes towards tests; while mathematics anxiety was shown to have a significant negative relationship with test-taking skills. Test-taking skills account for more than 30% of the variation in motivation to learn mathematics, 25% in attitudes towards mathematics, 17% in mathematics anxiety, and more than 40% in attitude toward tests. The study concluded the improvement of secondary students' testing skills to be significantly correlated with variables that play a substantial role in a student's level of achievement in mathematics.
Perinatal Palliative Care: Barriers and Attitudes of Neonatologists and Nurses in Poland
Aleksandra Korzeniewska-Eksterowicz; Maria Respondek-Liberska; ?ukasz Przys?o; Wojciech Fendler; Wojciech M?ynarski; Ewa Gulczy?ska
Objective. To identify barriers and personnel attitudes towards realization of palliative care principles in neonatological units. Study Design. An anonymous questionnaire was posted to all heads of departments and head nurses of all the 27 neonatological units in the Lodz area. Results. We received 46 (85%) questionnaires. Final analysis comprised 42 properly filled-in questionnaires (by 22 doctors and 20 nurses). In case of prenatal diagnosis of a lethal defect, 77.27% of doctors and 65% of...
Manual Health and Labour Questionnaire
Hakkaart-van Roijen, L.; Essink-bot, M. L. E.
When the indirect costs form a part of an economical evaluation, a standardised method for measuring production losses, as a result of illness, is required. Standardisation will increase the comparability and transparency of the results. The Health and Labour Questionnaire (HLQ) is designed to collect quantitative data on the relation between illness and treatment and work performance. The HLQ data permits the estimation of production losses (costs) of paid and unpaid labour. It contains a...
Knowledge plus Attitude in Radiation Protection
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Since the introduction of the Basic Safety Standards recommendations, the scope of the radiation protection was broadening. On behalf of the incorporation of radiation protection of the patient in medical exposures, the different groups of professionals involved: physicians, medical physicists, radiation protection officers, regulators, etc., have to work together. The objective of radiation protection, that is, to reduces doses from practices, to prevent potential exposures, to detect its occurrence as well as to evaluate and spread such abnormal situations, will be obtained only if it were possible to joint two basic conditions: knowledge and attitude. It should be well known the differences between the backgrounds needed to be for example, a medical physicist or an R.P.O., However, their attitude to solve an eventual problem involving radiation protection should be the same; as well as the behavior of the specialized physician and regulators, in order to add towards common goals. In this work, we show as an example the curricula contents about radiation protection of the cancer of medical physics in the Universidad Nacional de San Martin (UNSAM), and the corresponding module on medical exposures from the Post-Graduate course on Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, held since the 80s in Buenos Aires by the National Commission of Atomic Energy, ARN, IAEA, and the Universidad de Buenos Aires. On the other hand, we describe different attitudes which leads or could different attitudes which leads or could start major radiological accidents, regardless the level of knowledge in radiation protection. We conclude that the larger numbers of accidents are due to problems in the attitude than in the level of knowledge of the person involved. Consequently; we suggest emphasizing the discussion on how to generate positive attitudes in every professional involucrated, independently of its cognitive profile or level. (Author) 2 refs
Reading Habit and Attitude among Malaysian Polytechnic Students
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Subashini Annamalai
Full Text Available This paper reports the results of a study on the reading habit and attitude of the students in a Malaysian Polytechnic. A survey questionnaire adapted from Smith's (1991 Adult Survey of Reading Attitude (ASRA and Pandian's (1997 Reading Habit questionnaire was used for this study. The questionnaire was distributed to 119 polytechnic students from Engineering and Business department in the selected Polytechnic. Results of the study revealed that; (i the polytechnics students have low interest in reading; (ii students do not enjoy reading as much as they enjoy doing other technology related activities. Finally, the paper will discuss the implications of the findings in terms of instructional material development within reading context.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions in health care professional of Tertiary Care Hospital, Bhavnagar
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Dr.Mukeshkumar B Vora
Full Text Available Purpose: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs are adverse consequences of drug therapy. ADRs are representing a major concern of health systems in terms of early recognition, proper management and prevention. Under reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs is a common problem in Pharmacovigilance programs. Poor perceptions of doctors about ADRs and risk management have contributed to high rate of ADR under-reporting in India. Underreporting has also been attributed to lack of time to doctor, misconceptions about spontaneous reporting and lack of information on how to report, where to report and a lack of availability of report forms, and also physicians' attitudes to ADRs. The objective of our study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP of health care professional towards Pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reactions in a tertiary care hospital, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaires based study was carried out in Post graduate students and faculties of tertiary care hospital attached with Govt. Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat. Post graduate students and faculties of different clinical subjects working in the tertiary care teaching hospital, Bhavnagar, Gujarat (India were enrolled and present throughout in study. 22 questionnaires about knowledge, attitude and practices towards ADRs and Pharmacovigilance were developed and peer viewed of all questionnaires by expert faculties from Pharmacology department. We were contacted directly to post graduate students and faculties of respective clinical department, questionnaires were distributed, 30 minutes time given to filled form. Any clarification and extra time was needed, provided to them. The filled KAP questionnaires were analyzed in question wise and their percentage value was calculated by using Microsoft excel spread sheet and online statistical software. Results: In study, postgraduate residents (n=81 and faculties (n=63 from different clinical departments were present throughout study. Of all post graduate students, an average 27.82% and 40.76% faculties were true knowledge about ADRs and Pharmacovigilance. From attitude of students and faculties towards reporting ADRs, an average 91.77% and 91.53% were agreed to reporting ADRs is necessary, mandatory and increased patient's safety. In practice based questionnaires, 74.07% students and 71.43% faculties found difficulty like non-availability of ADR form, do not have time, patient co-operation etc. to report ADR. 47.62% in faculties and 43.21% in students said managing patient are more important than reporting ADR. Only 11.11% and 12.35% of faculties and students were found the factors like how to report, where to report etc. discouraging factors for reporting ADRs. Conclusion: From our study, we concluded that post graduate students and faculties of tertiary care hospital have better attitude towards reporting ADRs, but have lack of knowledge and practices of ADRs. The majority of postgraduate students and faculties were felt ADR reporting and monitoring is very important but few had ever reported ADRs because lack of motivation and knowledge about ADR.
Changes in Attitudes of Japanese Doctors toward Complementary and Alternative Medicine—Comparison of Surveys in 1999 and 2005 in Kyoto
Kenji Fujiwara; Jiro Imanishi; Satoko Watanabe; Kotaro Ozasa; Kumi Sakurada
We surveyed the attitudes of Japanese medical doctors toward complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in 1999. It is supposed that the situation concerning CAM has been changing recently. The aim of the present study is to survey the attitude of doctors toward CAM again, and to examine changes in attitude over the last 6 years. The attitudes of medical doctors belonging to the Kyoto Medical Association toward CAM were surveyed by a structured, self-administered questionnaire in 1999 and 2...
Colonna Dahlman, Roberta
The aim of this paper is to investigate some semantic and syntactical properties of verbs of propositional attitude, using data from English, German, Swedish, Italian and Gallipolino (a dialect from South Italy). The work is based on the distinction between situational and actional attitude as proposed by Ray Jackendoff (Jackendoff, Language, Consciousness and Culture, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2007). Within this theoretical framework, two types of propositional attitude verbs will be distinguish...
Development and applications of a safety assessment system for promoting safety culture in nuclear power plants
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
For past five years, CRIEPI has been continuing efforts to develop and make applications of a 'safety assessment system' which enable to measure the safety level of organization. This report describe about frame of the system, assessment results and its reliability, and relation between labor accident rate in the site and total safety index (TSI), which can be obtained by the principal factors analysis. The safety assessment in this report is based on questionnaire survey of employee. The format and concrete questionnaires were developed using existing literatures including organizational assessment tools. The tailored questionnaire format involved 124 questionnaire items. The assessment results could be considered as a well indicator of the safety level of organization, safety management, and safety awareness of employee. (author)
Consequences of infertility in developing countries: results of a questionnaire and interview survey in the South of Vietnam
Nhu Nguyen; Nhu Giang; Dung Mai; Drukker Anouck J; Wiersema Nicole J; Lambalk Cornelis B
Abstract Background This study explores the psychological, socio-cultural and economic consequences of infertility on couples' life. The purpose of this research is to improve knowledge about the potentially serious implications of infertility in the South of Vietnam. Methods This study included 118 infertile couples who filled in questionnaires and 28 men and women who were interviewed. Results Data of the questionnaire show men and women do not differ in their responses and attitudes toward...
Body-tanning attitudes among female college students.
Yoo, Jeong-Ju; Hur, Won-Moo
This study investigated the attitudes of body-tanning behaviors: suntanning, tanning bed, tanning spray, and sunless tanning product use. Data collected from 208 female college students (M age = 19.8 yr., SD = 2.0; M weight = 63.3 kg, SD = 2.0; M height = 165.9 cm, SD = 8.1) online. The questionnaire comprised four constructs: appearance-based, health-based, and emotion-based tanning attitudes, and body-tanning behaviors. Both appearance-based and emotion-based pro-tanning attitudes were associated with significantly higher body-tanning behaviors. However, health-based pro-tanning attitudes did not significantly affect body-tanning behaviors. The results from both UV- and non-UV exposure-related tanning behaviors provide future intervention strategies, such as establishing a positive body image without a tan and identifying negative emotional consequences as a result of tanning. PMID:24897909
Attitudes of the Japanese elite toward nuclear issues
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The results of a survey by questionnaire on ''the attitudes of Japanese elite toward nuclear issues'' are described as follows: post-TMI Japanese attitude toward nuclear issues, dominant 'must-is-master' attitude toward nuclear power, domestic enrichment and reprocessing seen as more proliferation-prone, high consensus gained on internationalization of enrichment and reprocessing, diminishing psychological deterrent against nuclear proliferation, dim future of nuclear non-proliferation and growing importance of nuclear-age nationalism, knowledge of leaders concerning the number of nuclear power reactors in Japan. For so-called 'consistency' operating in attitude system, the data were cross-tabulated by the question ''Japan should increase nuclear power to free itself from excessive dependence upon oil imports,'' and the resultant cross-tabulations were submitted to chi-square test. Throughout, the presence of attitudinal consistency was confirmed. (J.P.N.)
Analysis of safety culture components based on site interviews
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Safety culture of an organization is influenced by many factors such as employee's moral, safety policy of top management and questioning attitude among site staff. First this paper analyzes key factors of safety culture on the basis of site interviews. Then the paper presents a safety culture composite model and its applicability in various contexts. (author)
Construction Workers Perceptions Toward Safety Culture
Andi Andi
Efforts to reduce construction accidents can be initiated by building good safety culture. Researches concerning safety culture, however, are still limited. This research aims to empirically gauge workerâ??s perception toward safety culture in construction projects. Data were obtained through questionnaire survey to three large construction projects in Surabaya. Two hundreds and seven sets of questionnaires were gathered and used for subsequent analyses. Results show that in general worker...
The Music Experiences and Attitudes Of A First Cohort of Prelingually-Deaf Adolescents and Young Adults CI Recipients
Gfeller, Kate; Driscoll, Virginia; Smith, Rachel See; Scheperle, Christina
The purpose of this study was to examine the musical engagement (participation and attitude) of pediatric CI recipients who were implanted during early childhood and who have reached age 15 or older. A questionnaire was administered to a group of 31 prelingually deaf CI users who receive annual follow up services and assessment in a clinical research center. The questionnaire was used to examine involvement in and attitudes toward music in school, the community, and in the home; social affili...
Attitude Fusion Techniques for Spacecraft
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BjarnŘ, Jonas Bćkby
Spacecraft platform instability constitutes one of the most significant limiting factors in hyperacuity pointing and tracking applications, yet the demand for accurate, timely and reliable attitude information is ever increasing. The PhD research project described within this dissertation has served to investigate the solution space for augmenting the DTU ?ASC stellar reference sensor with a miniature Inertial Reference Unit (IRU), thereby obtaining improved bandwidth, accuracy and overall operational robustness of the fused instrument. Present day attitude determination requirements are met and surpassed by the ?ASC in the low frequency domain. However, the intrinsic limitation in the photon flux available from starlight necessitates relatively long sensor exposure periods for the ?ASCs unparalleled performance to be realized, thus introducing an inherently limited time resolution of the instrument, and affecting operations during agile and complex spacecraft attitude maneuvers. As such, there exists a theoretical foundation for augmenting the high frequency performance of the ?ASC instrument, by harnessing the complementary nature of optical stellar reference and inertial sensor technology. With both sensor types providing measurements of the spacecraft attitude in space, harnessing the extreme accuracy of the ?ASC throughout the low frequency range and the inherent fidelity of miniature accelerometers in the high frequency domain allows the combined instrument to provide unsurpassed accuracy over the entire span of frequencies applicable to spacecraft attitude control systems. Completing the first steps from theoretical possibility towards a proven concept constitutes the primary focus of the project, having necessitated extensive research and development within several diverse technical areas such as highly miniaturized analog and digital electronics, instrument space qualification, test and validation procedures, sensor fusion techniques and optimized software implementations to reach a successful conclusion. The content of the project thus represents cutting edge aerospace technology due to the extreme performance that must be ascertained on all fronts whilst harnessing only a minimum of resources. Considering the physical limitations imposed by the ?ASC instrument as well as the next generation of smaller and more agile satellites, the main design drivers of the IRU implementation become critical parameters such as power consumption, volume and mass in addition to system level robustness and operational safety. The nature of the Ph.D. project requires not only cross disciplinary research, but also the application of emerging technologies never before employed in High-Rel space instrumentation systems.
Nursing students' attitudes toward science in the nursing curricula
Maroo, Jill Deanne
The nursing profession combines the art of caregiving with scientific concepts. Nursing students need to learn science in order to start in a nursing program. However, previous research showed that students left the nursing program, stating it included too much science (Andrew et al., 2008). Research has shown a correlation between students' attitudes and their performance in a subject (Osborne, Simon, & Collins, 2003). However, little research exists on the overall attitude of nursing students toward science. At the time of my study there existed no large scale quantitative study on my topic. The purpose of my study was to identify potential obstacles nursing students face, specifically, attitude and motivation toward learning science. According to research the nation will soon face a nursing shortage and students cite the science content as a reason for not completing the nursing program. My study explored nursing students' attitudes toward science and reasons these students are motivated to learn science. I ran a nationwide mixed methods approach with 1,402 participants for the quantitative portion and 4 participants for the qualitative portion. I validated a questionnaire in order to explore nursing students' attitudes toward science, discovered five different attitude scales in that questionnaire and determined what demographic factors provided a statistically significant prediction of a student's score. In addition, I discovered no statistical difference in attitude exists between students who have the option of taking nursing specific courses and those who do not have that option. I discovered in the qualitative interviews that students feel science is necessary in nursing but do not feel nurses are scientists. My study gives a baseline of the current attitude of nursing students toward science and why these students feel the need to learn the science.
Surveying safety culture at Sellafield reprocessing plant
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Radiological Protection and Conventional Safety Performance have shown continuing improvements at the Sellafield Reprocessing Plant over the past decade, as demonstrated by most safety performance measures. The methods adopted to effect the improvements were both reactive to the events taking place at the time, and proactive, by addressing the perceived causes of poor safety performance as shown by analyses of incidents, using Contributory Factor Analysis, and by adopting methodologies commonly used throughout industry to effect safety improvements. In order to have a more effective safety improvement programme and, in particular, to provide a safety improvement programme directly addressing the people at Sellafield, it was decided to conduct a thorough Attitude Survey across the entire workforce. This paper describes the Safety Performance at Sellafield, the methodology employed to carry out the Attitude Survey, the principle findings and the way in which this Survey will be used to further improve Safety at Sellafield. (author). 6 refs, 7 figs
Public attitudes toward nuclear power generation. Focusing on measurement of attitude intensity
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The purpose of the present study was to 1) examine the differences of the perception between nuclear power generation (NPG) and electric power generation by nuclear fusion, 2) find the structural characteristics of the attitude toward NPG, 3) shed light on the characteristics of knowledge about NPG, and 4) develop a scale to measure the intensity in attitude toward NPG. Subjects (N = 1,582) were randomly assigned into 4 groups and were asked to answer a questionnaire including public attitudes toward NPG and related matters. The results were as follows: 1) the perception of electric power generation by nuclear fusion was less favorable than that of NPG; 2) Items which correlated with attitudes toward NPG were: 'sense of anxiety,' sensitivity to risk,' 'trust in science and technology,' 'evaluation of Japan's nuclear policy', 'evaluation of electric power companies,' and interest in life and environmental issues.' Moreover, people with a strong attitude tended to be rational and had a better knowledge of NPG; 3) The evaluation of the amount of subjective knowledge concerning nuclear power and electric power generation was reliable as a measure of objective knowledge; 4) The measurement method used in this study was characterized by the use of biased questions(ten positively and ten negatively biased questions) which were shown to the subjects using the split-half method. An attempt was made to measure the attitude and its intensity taking into consideration gender, possity taking into consideration gender, positive or negative attitude toward NPG, level of knowledge about NPG, age, and occupation. As a result, differences in intensity between different attributes were found. (author)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The strengthening of safety culture in an organization has become an increasingly important issue for nuclear industry. A high level of safety performance is essential for business success in intensely competitive global environment. This presentation offers a discussion of some principles and activities used in enhancing safety performance and appropriate safety behaviour at the Krsko NPP. Over the years a number of events have occurred in nuclear industry that have involved problems in human performance. A review of these and other significant events has identified recurring weaknesses in plant safety culture and policy. Focusing attention on the strengthening of relevant processes can help plants avoid similar undesirable events. The policy of the Krsko NPP is that all employees concerned shall constantly be alert to opportunities to reduce risks to the lowest practicable level and to achieve excellence in plant safety. The most important objective is to protect individuals, society and the environment by establishing and maintaining an effective defense against radiological hazard in the nuclear power plant. It is achieved through the use of reliable structures, components, systems, and procedures, as well as plant personnel committed to a strong safety culture. The elements of safety culture include both organizational and individual aspects. Elements commonly included at the organizational level are senior management commitment to safety, organizational effectiveness, effective communication, organizational learning, and a culture that encourages identification and resolution of safety issues. Elements identified at the individual level include personal accountability, a questioning attitude, communication, procedural adherence, etc.(author)
Questionnaire: involved actors in large disused components management - Summary Of Responses To The Questionnaire
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The aim of the Questionnaire is to establish an overview of the various bodies [Actors] that have responsibilities or input to the issue of large component decommissioning. In answering the intent is to cover the overall organisation and those bits that have most relevance to large components. The answers should reflect the areas from site operations to decommissioning as well as the wider issue of disposal at another location. The Questionnaire covers the following points: 1 - What is the country (institutional) structure for decommissioning? 2 - who does what and where lie the responsibilities? 3 - Which bodies have responsibility for onsite safety regulation, discharges and disposal? 4 - Which body(s) owns the facilities? 5 - Describe the responsibilities for funding of the decommissioning plan and disposal plan. Are they one and the same body? Whilst there are differences between countries there are some common threads. Regulation is through the state though the number of regulators involved may vary. In summary, the IAEA principles concerning independence of the regulatory body are followed. Funding arrangements vary but there are plans. Similarly, ownership of facilities is a mix of state and private. Some systems require a separate decommissioning license with Spain having the clearest demarcation of responsibilities for the decommissioning phase and waste management responsibilities
A total safety management model
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
In nuclear organizations, quality and safety are inextricably linked. Therefore, the search for excellence means reaching excellence in nuclear safety. The International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, developed, after the Chernobyl accident, the organizational approach for improving nuclear safety based on the safety culture, which requires a framework necessary to provide modifications in personnel attitudes and behaviors in situations related to safety. This work presents a Total Safety Management Model, based on the Model of Excellence of the Brazilian Quality Award and on the safety culture approach, which represents an alternative to this framework. The Model is currently under validation at the Nuclear Engineering Institute, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the results of its initial safety culture self assessment are also presented and discussed. (author)
Students' Attitudes Towards Literature Use and
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Elif Karakaya
Full Text Available Although language teachers are aware of the benefits of using literature in language classrooms in theory, they do not use it "consciously" practically. For this reason, the purpose of the present paper is to "re-highlight" the use of literature in language classrooms and make teachers use it "consciously" in classes. Wherefore, this study was conducted in 2010-2011 education year, at a private language school in Turkey by the participation of 14 students having A2 level English proficiency. Data collection of the study was twofold as descriptive and experimental. The descriptive part was made of an attitude questionnaire towards the use of literature, namely theatrical plays, in language classrooms. The experimental part was conducted in ten-week period. There were two groups as one experimental group which had equal students. While the students of the control group had the lessons of the traditional curriculum of the private language school, the students of the experimental group had the literature, specially theatrical plays, integrated lessons together with the traditional curriculum of the private language school. A vocabulary test was applied to both groups to figure out the vocabulary learning levels of the students. The findings of the attitude questionnaires and vocabulary tests were analyzed by SPSS programme. It was found that there were positive attitudes towards literature integrated lessons and that the use of literature affected students' vocabulary levels. The findings of the present study may be useful for language teachers, text book writers, syllabus designers and language learners.Keywords: literature, language teaching, attitude, theatrical plays, vocabulary learning
Informatics Education in Different Disciplines at University Level: Case Study--A Survey of Students' Attitude toward Informatics Technologies
Tingoy, Ozhan; Gulluoglu, Sabri Serkan
This article presents a quantitative study on attitudes toward the usage of Information Technology related tools and applications. The study was conducted at a private university, Turkey, with 97 female and 113 male students involved as participants. They were each presented with a questionnaire to relate their attitudes toward IT and after…
Evaluating Students' Perceptions and Attitudes toward Computer-Mediated Project-Based Learning Environment: A Case Study
Seet, Ling Ying Britta; Quek, Choon Lang
This research investigated 68 secondary school students' perceptions of their computer-mediated project-based learning environment and their attitudes towards Project Work (PW) using two instruments--Project Work Classroom Learning Environment Questionnaire (PWCLEQ) and Project Work Related Attitudes Instrument (PWRAI). In this project-based…
Similarity-Dissimilarity in Counselor-Counselee Ethnic Match: An Investigation of the Attitudes of Black Counselees Toward White Counselors.
Harrison, Don K.
Attitudes of black counselees toward white counselors were investigated using Rosen's Consequence Model Questionnaire (an adaptation of Edward's decision making paridigm of subjective probability-utility) and Gurin's modification of Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. Pre-measures revealed an overall favorable attitude toward white…
The Long and Winding Road : Emotional Reactions during In Vitro Fertilization and Attitudes towards Cryopreserved Embryos and Oocyte Donation
Skoog Svanberg, Agneta
The main aims were to investigate emotional reactions during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment among women and men, attitudes of IVF couples towards cryopreserved embryos and public attitudes towards various aspects of oocyte donation in Sweden. Assessments of emotional, physical and social reactions were made on a daily reaction scale and attitudes on the basis of study-specific questionnaires. Both women and men experienced the stages of oocyte retrieval and embryo transfer, as well as...
A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Voluntary Blood Donation among Medical Students in Puducherry, India
Latha, S.; Prabhakar Reddy, E.; Srikumar, R.; Chidambaram, R.; Vijayakumar, R.; Kowsalya, V.; Gayathri Fathima, I.; Kishor Kumar, C.
Knowledge, attitude and practice studies have been used to understand the various factors that influence blood donation which is the basis for donor mobilization and retention strategies. Role of youngsters in voluntary blood donation is crucial to meet the demand of safe blood. The present study was aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding voluntary blood donation among the health care students. A validated and pre-tested questionnaire on knowledge, attitude an...
Crano, William D; Prislin, Radmila
Study of attitudes and persuasion remains a defining characteristic of contemporary social psychology. This review outlines recent advances, with emphasis on the relevance of today's work for perennial issues. We reiterate the distinction between attitude formation and change, and show its relevance for persuasion. Single- and dual-process models are discussed, as are current views on dissonance theory. Majority and minority influence are scrutinized, with special emphasis on integrative theoretical innovations. Attitude strength is considered, and its relevance to ambivalence and resistance documented. Affect, mood, and emotion effects are reviewed, especially as they pertain to fear arousal and (un)certainty. Finally, we discuss attitude-behavior consistency, perhaps the reason for our interest in attitudes in the first place, with emphasis on self-interest and the theory of planned behavior. Our review reflects the dynamism and the reach of the area, and suggests a sure and sometimes rapid accumulation of knowledge and understanding. PMID:16318599
The Dubai Community Psychiatric Survey: II. Development of the Socio-cultural Change Questionnaire.
Bebbington, P; Ghubash, R; Hamdi, E
The Dubai Community Psychiatric Survey was carried out to assess the effect of very rapid social change on the mental health of women in Dubai, one of the United Arab Emirates. In order to measure social change at an individual level, we developed a questionnaire covering behaviour and attitudes in a wide range of situations, the Socio-cultural Change Questionnaire (ScCQ). In this paper we give an account of the considerations that determined the form of the ScCQ, its structural characteristics, and its validity. PMID:8511664
A Korean rheumatic diseases screening questionnaire.
Lee, Hye-soon; Oh, Kwang-taek; Kim, Tae-hwan; Jung, Sungsoo; Yoo, Dae-hyun; Bae, Sang-cheol
The aim of our study was to develop a Korean rheumatic diseases-screening questionnaire. The questionnaire was constructed based on American College of Rheumatology criteria for rheumatic diseases and a connective tissue diseases screening questionnaire. Two groups of patients were selected and completed the questionnaire: (i) those with osteoarthritis (n=46), rheumatoid arthritis (n=52), systemic lupus erythematosus (n=50), scleroderma (n=8), polymyositis or dermatomyositis (n=7), Sjogren's ...
Surveys and questionnaires in nursing research.
Timmins, Fiona
Surveys and questionnaires are often used in nursing research to elicit the views of large groups of people to develop the nursing knowledge base. This article provides an overview of survey and questionnaire use in nursing research, clarifies the place of the questionnaire as a data collection tool in quantitative research design and provides information and advice about best practice in the development of quantitative surveys and questionnaires. PMID:26080989
Changes in undergraduate attitudes toward medical ethics.
Tiberius, R. G.; Cleave-hogg, D.
To detect any change in medical students' attitudes toward medical ethics, students from the same class were given a questionnaire on their first day of medical school and again near the end of their fourth year of study. The results showed a strong shift away from the students' initial expectations that they would rely on specialists or scholarly sources in the future; the need for a medical ethics course in the curriculum, while still felt, was less important to them by the fourth year. The...
Attitude change toward food irradiation among conventional and alternative consumers
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
A US survey assessed the extent of attitude change toward food irradiation when consumers were given the opportunity to read about and discuss food irradiation. Consumers showed a higher level of concern for preservatives and chemical sprays than for the use of food irradiation for ensuring food safety. The study further revealed that consumer attitudes toward food irradiation can be positively influenced by an educational effort, and that this influence is most effective when the consumer can interact with someone knowledgeable about food irradiation. Willingness to buy irradiated foods was based on the safety of the process rather than on the advantages of any specific food product
Relationships between personality traits and attitudes toward the sense of smell
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Full Text Available Olfactory perception appears to be linked to personality traits. This study aimed to determine whether personality traits influence human attitudes toward sense of smell. Two-hundred participants' attitudes toward their senses of smell and their personality traits were measured using two self-administered questionnaires: the Importance of Olfaction Questionnaire and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R. Demographics and olfactory function were also assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Gender-induced differences were present in attitudes toward sense of smell. Women participants were more dependent than men participants on olfactory cues for daily decision-making. In addition, as participants evaluated their own olfactory functions more positively, they relied more on olfactory information in everyday life. To determine a relationship between personality traits and attitudes toward sense of smell, Spearman partial correlation analyses were conducted with controlling the factors that might influence attitudes with respect to sense of smell (i.e., gender and self-awareness of olfactory function as covariates. Participants who scoring high in lie-scale (i.e., socially desirable and faking good tended to use olfactory cues both for daily decision-making related to social communication and product purchase. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate a significant association between personality traits and attitudes toward sense of smell.
A Brief Guide to Questionnaire Development
Robert Frary
This comprehensive guide leads the user step-by-step through questionnaire creation. Topics include preliminary considerations, writing the questionnaire items, issues that may come up when giving the questionnaire, statistical considerations, and references for further reading. This resource is intended for novice and professional evaluators.
The Impact of Companies? Age on Safety Culture in the Metal Products Industry
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Maryam Ooshaksaraie
Full Text Available Problem statement: Safety culture is a complex structure in an organization that includes values and attitudes, most of which are potentially changeable and related to actual accident behavior. In this study, the components of safety culture included organizational commitment, management involvement, employee empowerment, reporting system and rewarding system. Approach: The numbers of occupational injuries in industries have steadily increased during recent years. The major objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety culture and to analyze the difference in safety culture in the metal products industry in Iran (Guilan province with regard to companies? age. Metal products industry was chosen because of the higher occupational injuries rates amongst the industries in Iran. Results: The companies were chosen based on their age. A total of 714 respondents from 14 companies participated in the survey. The method used in this study was a questionnaires quantitative type based on a Lickert scale and the data collected were analyzed statistically. The one-way ANOVA was used to test for significant difference in safety culture in the metal products industry with regard to companies? age. The results showed that safety culture was not strong based on the mean for average score of 2.58 which was less than 3 compared to the possible maximum of 5. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed that there was a significant difference among safety culture with respect to companies? age. New companies had stronger safety culture compared to older one. Conclusion: Based on the findings the hypothesis of this study is accepted. This study also indicated that the safety culture in the metal products industry in target population group was not strong however, can be improved through improvement of its five components.
... Prevention Travel & Motor Vehicle Safety En Espańol Travel & Motor Vehicle Safety Pedestrian Safety Main Points Emergency physicians treat thousands ... Department of Transportation. FYI Related links Travel and Motor Vehicle Safety Child Passenger Safety Motorcycle Helmets Teenage Driving Safety ...
An Examination of Democratic Attitudes of Primary School Teachers
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S. Gulec
Full Text Available As democracy can develop better in a society of democratic people, democracy education can also get its intended goals better in a democratic school environment. As the most influential people in a school environment were teachers, this study, too, aimed to determine their levels of democratic attitudes. In the present study, 60 primary school teachers working in the schools attached to the Bursa Metropolitan Municipality were surveyed. The relationships between their attitudes and some variables were studied. These variables included school they work, age, gender, marital status, number of children they have, education level, teaching experience and number of broth-ers or sisters. The questionnaire used for this study was validated by Aydogan & Kukul (2003 based on previous studies made by Gomleksiz (1988, Yildirim (1994 and Atasoy (1997. For the validity of the questionnaire, Cronbach Alpha coefficient (0.829 was calculated. The results suggest that teachers show very positive attitude with a score of 103. When the items were examined individually, some significant relationships were found with the variables. Teachers should have positive democratic attitudes in order to give lessons of democracy to their students. An appropriate and encouraging environment should be prepared in order for students to gain desired democratic outcomes. In a democratic environment, teachers' positive attitudes will help their students to gain critical thinking skills, effective discussion skills, capability for fighting against inequity, cooperation and collaboration skills, and showing empathy and respect for diversity.
Public's attitude toward nuclear energy
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Some comparisons of risk analyses on nuclear power production are discussed. The socio-economic risks are inevitable, though they should be accepted considering the economical benefits from nuclear power. The attitude of public is a major factor in nuclear decisions. A survey has been conducted based on questionaires containing answers from 224 Austrian citizens. Their evaluation is based on factor analysis and compared with the results of other surveys on conventional energy sources. The cost-benefit relations, risks and accident probabilities of nuclear vs. conventional power production have been compared and their socio-economic impacts assessed. The conclusion is that safety associated with nuclear power generation is not worse than that with any other forms of power. (R.P.)
The Internet--friend or foe? A questionnaire study of orthopaedic out-patients.
Gough, M. D.; Stoddard, C. J.; Ackroyd, R.
OBJECTIVE: To examine patients' use of the Internet to obtain medical information, their opinions on the quality of medical Web sites, and their attitudes towards Internet-based consultations. DESIGN: Questionnaire study. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: 398 patients, aged 10-95 years, visiting the orthopaedic outpatient clinics of a London district general hospital over a 2-week period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (i) The rate of Internet use by patients; (ii) the perception of the quality of medical we...
Maslow's Need Hierarchy Related to Educational Attitudes and Self-Concepts of Elementary Student Teachers.
Noad, Brian
The Work Motivation Inventory, Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory, and Adjective Self Description Instrument were administered to 128 University of Houston student teachers. Results indicated that educational attitudes and self-concept, operating jointly, significantly contributed to the variance in Maslow's scales of basic, safety, and…
Attitudes of Turkish Veterinary Educators to Problem-Based Learning
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Ayse Mentes Gurler
Full Text Available The objective of this study was to determine the attitude of veterinary educators to problem-based learning and to examine influential parameters. In this study, veterinary educators from the Ankara, Uludag, Selcuk, Harran and Ondokuz Mayis Veterinary Schools were surveyed. Data were collected from 254 educators by a paper questionnaire. The participants showed intermediate level positive attitude to problem-based learning. In conclusion, it can be said that veterinary educators in Turkey are sensitive to problem-based learning at an intermediate level and that differences in influential factors do not affect the level of sensitivity significantly (p<0.05.
Attitude and Willingness towards Tissue Donation in
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S. Sanavi
Full Text Available Background: Tissue donation has been promising in prolonging the lives of people with life-threateningdiseases.Objective: To assess the attitude and willingness of high school students towards bone marrow (BM andblood (as tissue donation for maintaining a safe and adequate pool.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the high school girls, aged 15–18 years, whostudied in natural sciences, mathematics and humanities. All participants filled a questionnaire consistingof age, religion, education levels and study branch, attitude and willingness towards BM and blooddonation according to a Likert scale.Results: Out of 416 students, with the mean±SD age of 16.3±1.2 years, 31% studied in grade I, 27% ingrade II (25% natural sciences, 27% mathematics, and 48% humanities, 26% in grade III (30% naturalsciences, 34% mathematics, and 36% humanities, and 16% in pre-university level (college (32% naturalsciences, 42% mathematics, and 6% humanities. The students had highly positive attitudes towardBM and blood donation (mean±SD score of 4.2±0.54. The willingness for BM and blood donation wasdeclared respectively, in 87% and 71% of respondents. Moreover, 16% of students wanted to donate onlyto their relatives and 84% to all persons in need of therapy. There was no significant correlation betweenthe donation willingness and educational levels and study branch; however, these variables significantlycorrelated with attitude towards tissue donation (p=0.02, p=0.01, respectively.Conclusion: Despite positive attitude towards BM and blood donation, willingness for BM donation is lesserthan blood which may be attributed to insufficient information about this type of tissue donation. An organizededucational program for high school students in all aspects of tissue donation seems necessary.
A Catalog of Biases in Questionnaires
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Bernard C.K. Choi, PhD
Full Text Available Bias in questionnaires is an important issue in public health research. To collect the most accurate data from respondents, investigators must understand and be able to prevent or at least minimize bias in the design of their questionnaires. This paper identifies and categorizes 48 types of bias in questionnaires based on a review of the literature and offers an example of each type. The types are categorized according to three main sources of bias: the way a question is designed, the way the questionnaire as a whole is designed, and how the questionnaire is administered. This paper is intended to help investigators in public health understand the mechanism and dynamics of problems in questionnaire design and to provide a checklist for identifying potential bias in a questionnaire before it is administered.
A validity study of the SSP-School Inclusion Questionnaire
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Full Text Available The paper is based on the results of a research that aimed to identify the factors influencing school inclusion among disadvantagedstudents. The main outcome of the research was the development of the SSP-School Inclusion Questionnaire, intended to: (1measure school inclusion levels among students; (2 identify students with significantly lower levels of school inclusion, whoneed to be included in intervention programs; and (3 measure the impact of intervention programs using subjective indicators(beneficiaries' perception of school and teachers, feelings of safety in school, school performance. The questionnaire was completedby 480 vocational school students aged 15-19 from a large developed urban area (Cluj-Napoca in Romania. The purpose of theresearch was to test the validity and reliability of the instrument and to propose it to professionals working in education (schoolpsychologists, school counsellors etc. for efficient data collection and for measuring the impact of educational intervention.
Teachers' Attitudes and Concerns towards Integrating Students with Special Needs in Regular Classrooms: A United Arab Emirates Perspective
Bradshaw, Keith
Teachers from schools across the United Arab Emirates were asked to complete two questionnaires. The first questionnaire sought data from the teachers on their experience, qualifications, classes taught and attitudes in relation to inclusion. Information was also sought on the advantages and disadvantages of inclusion, the most difficult…
[Perception and attitude toward pain].
Péoc'h, Nadia
Traditionally, the pain sends back to the infringement of the flesh and the suffering on the infringement of the psyche. The relation of care and the accompanying are due to nature a social fact of relation. In the right line of a first study (Péoc'h et al., 2007) concerning professional representations of health care professionals with respect to the care of the pain, we studied in the context of the theoretical model of the "social thought" (Rouquette, 1973), attitudes, perceptions and the ideological positions of patients about their pain's living. 244 patients hospitalized within the Hospitals of Toulouse have completed a questionnaire included free associations tasks, attitude answers, and answers concerning the ideological dimension of pain (beliefs, religious or anthropological orientation), in fine, a fourth party entered into a phenomenological perspective. The object "pain" will be suspected under the angle of the consciousness and the lived of the patient by using the protocol of the "narrative story of life" (Le Grand, 1989), with a praxeological design. Results indicate that the conceptions of the pain proposed by the patient make references to two different areas: that of the body (evil, handicap) and that of the psyche (evil-being, suffering). The term suffering reveal the social face of the pain in a double constituent: existential (solitude, incomprehension) and ideological (" it is necessary to take its evil in patience ", P = 73,3 %; chi2 = 39,83, p. < .05). The representation universe of the pain comes along with a certain indecision between these two events of the disease : pain versus suffering. PMID:23091918
Danish emergency nurses' attitudes towards self-harm - a cross-sectional study
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
PerbŘll, Penille Wimmer; Hammer, N. M.
AIM: The aim of this study was to examine Danish emergency nurses' attitudes toward people hospitalized after an acetaminophen poisoning. Furthermore, the study examined the relationship between attitudes and factors such as age, gender, and education on self-harm. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was applied. Nurses from seven emergency departments (EDs) in a region in Denmark were asked to complete the Danish version of Attitudes towards Deliberate Self-Harm Questionnaire (ADSHQ). RESULTS: Of the 254 eligible nurses working in the ED, 122 returned the questionnaires, leaving the response rate at 48%. Results show that the emergency nurses generally held positive attitudes toward patients with acetaminophen poisoning. Nurses with longer ED experience held more positive attitudes, and women scored significantly higher than men on the whole scale. Only 19% of the respondents had received education on self-harm, and this education seems to produce more positive attitudes and a greater self-efficacy in relationto managing the patient group. CONCLUSION: Nurses working in the ED generally hold positive attitudes toward patients with acetaminophen poisoning. It is suggested that education on self-harm is a worthwhile endeavor with the potential to strengthen and improve attitudes, for the benefit of both the nurses and the patients.
Danish emergency nurses' attitudes towards self-harm : a cross-sectional study
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Perboell, Penille Wimmer; Hammer, Nanna Maria
AIM: The aim of this study was to examine Danish emergency nurses' attitudes toward people hospitalized after an acetaminophen poisoning. Furthermore, the study examined the relationship between attitudes and factors such as age, gender, and education on self-harm. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was applied. Nurses from seven emergency departments (EDs) in a region in Denmark were asked to complete the Danish version of Attitudes towards Deliberate Self-Harm Questionnaire (ADSHQ). RESULTS: Of the 254 eligible nurses working in the ED, 122 returned the questionnaires, leaving the response rate at 48%. Results show that the emergency nurses generally held positive attitudes toward patients with acetaminophen poisoning. Nurses with longer ED experience held more positive attitudes, and women scored significantly higher than men on the whole scale. Only 19% of the respondents had received education on self-harm, and this education seems to produce more positive attitudes and a greater self-efficacy in relation to managing the patient group. CONCLUSION: Nurses working in the ED generally hold positive attitudes toward patients with acetaminophen poisoning. It is suggested that education on self-harm is a worthwhile endeavor with the potential to strengthen and improve attitudes, for the benefit of both the nurses and the patients.
Offshore safety controls are priority
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Reeve, A.
It is normally a combination of events that conspire to produce disaster, as was the case with the explosion on the Piper Alpha platform on 6th July 1988. A brief synopsis of the complex situation that led to the disaster is given. It has been explained fully in the Cullen report. The influence of the Cullen report in modifying safety attitudes and production priorities and introducing the requirement for formal safety assessments of offshore platforms is examined. (author).
Attitudes, Mathematics, and Evaluation.
Ediger, Marlow
This paper comments on three concepts in mathematics that need harmonizing: attitudes, mathematics, and evaluation. Some ways of evaluating achievement are suggested. Discusses portfolios as an evaluation process and provides information about additional assessment procedures. (ASK)
Managing Cassini Safe Mode Attitude at Saturn
Burk, Thomas A.
The Cassini spacecraft was launched on October 15, 1997 and arrived at Saturn on June 30, 2004. It has performed detailed observations and remote sensing of Saturn, its rings, and its satellites since that time. In the event safe mode interrupts normal orbital operations, Cassini has flight software fault protection algorithms to detect, isolate, and recover to a thermally safe and commandable attitude and then wait for further instructions from the ground. But the Saturn environment is complex, and safety hazards change depending on where Cassini is in its orbital trajectory around Saturn. Selecting an appropriate safe mode attitude that insures safe operation in the Saturn environment, including keeping the star tracker field of view clear of bright bodies, while maintaining a quiescent, commandable attitude, is a significant challenge. This paper discusses the Cassini safe table management strategy and the key criteria that must be considered, especially during low altitude flybys of Titan, in deciding what spacecraft attitude should be used in the event of safe mode.
A quantitative and qualitative inquiry into the attitudes toward science of nonscience college students
Gogolin, Luanne; Swartz, Fred
The attitudes toward science of nonscience college students were investigated using quantitative and qualitative forms of inquiry. Quantitative methods were used to determine (a) how attitudes toward science of nonscience college students compare with attitudes of science majors, and (b) whether attitudes toward science change with instruction. Qualitative assessment was used to investigate attitude development as it relates to science. The subjects were 102 nonscience students and 81 science students. Six attitudinal variables were investigated using the Attitudes Toward Science Inventory (ATSI) as the quantitative instrument. Hotelling's T2 showed a significant difference (p = 0.0001) in attitudes between the two groups. T tests revealed significant differences between the two groups for all six variables. A significant difference (p = 0.0001) was found between pretest and posttest results for the nonscience students. T tests showed significant differences between the two sets of scores for all six variables, indicating a favorable change in attitudes. An interview questionnaire was used to investigate factors contributing to attitude development. The interview results suggested that attitudes toward science are formed by interactions of both school and nonschool variables.
Assessing the relationship between the Driver Behavior Questionnaire and the Driver Skill Inventory: Revealing sub-groups of drivers
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Martinussen, Laila Marianne; MŘller, Mette
The Driver Behavior Questionnaire and the Driver Skill Inventory are two of the most frequently used measures of self-reported driving style and driving skill. The motivation behind the present study was to identify sub-groups of drivers that potentially act dangerously in traffic (as measured by frequency of aberrant driving behaviors and level of driving skills), as well as to test whether the sub-groups differ in characteristics such as age, gender, annual mileage and accident involvement. Furthermore, the joint analysis of the two instruments was used to test drivers' assessment of their own self-reported driving skills and whether the reported skill level was reflected in the reported aberrant driving behaviors. 3908 drivers aged 18–84 participated in the survey. K-means cluster analysis revealed four distinct sub-groups that differed in driving skills and frequency of aberrant driving behavior. The sub-groups also differed in individual characteristics and driving related factors such as annual mileage,accident frequency and number of tickets and fines. The differences between the sub-groups suggest heterogeneity across the population, and since two of the sub-groups reported higher frequency of driving aberrations and lower skill level, they seem more unsafe than the two others. The results suggest that drivers' assessment of their driving skills is reflected in their aberrant driving behaviors, as drivers who report low levels of driving skills, also report high frequency of aberrant driving behaviors, and vice versa. The present findings highlight the need to look into driver's attitudes towards safety, and to devise differential interventions targeting specific problematic groups of the population in the attempt to improve road safety nationwide.
A change of attitude: From rescue to prevention
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The qualitative and quantitative leap recorded by economical companies after the Romanian Revolution occurred in 1989, has positively influenced the functioning of the workplaces and working environment by increasing the employees' occupational safety, well being, health and results of their activities. In fact it has determined a new approach of safety culture. This has resulted in a change of attitude: from rescue to prevention. (author)
Language Learners' Acculturation Attitudes
Vahid Rafieyan; Maryam Orang; Maryam Bijami; Maryam Sharafi Nejad; Lin Siew Eng
Learning a language involves knowledge of both linguistic competence and cultural competence. Optimal development of linguistic competence and cultural competence, however, requires a high level of acculturation attitude toward the target language culture. To this end, the present study explored the acculturation attitudes of 70 Iranian undergraduate students of English as a Foreign Language, following a one-semester academic sojourn in the United States. The data of the study were collected ...
Consumers' Attitude towards Advertising
Uchenna Cyril. Eze; Chai Har Lee
Advertising is a growing business and with advances in the Internet technology, the dynamics and landscape ofthe business has changed as well. Prior findings on consumers' attitude towards advertising are mixed. Thispaper is an attempt to examine young adults' attitude towards advertising. We conceptualized a framework toexamine the influence of six independent variables namely consumer manipulation, product information,hedonic/pleasure, economic condition, social integration, and materia...
Safety culture management: safety culture and its context
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The definition of safety culture adopted in the context of the nuclear industry following the Chernobyl incident focused upon administrative requirements for a safety culture. Successful implementation of such requirements, however, depends on wider changes requiring managerial awareness of characteristics of the context of nuclear safety management. A self-sustaining safety culture needs genuine commitment from each employee in an installation. To promote safety culture successfully, managers need to understand the more subtle aspects of cultural phenomena. To meet this requirement managers need to be sensitive to the development of a set of norms, beliefs, roles, attitudes and practices concerned with minimising the exposure of employees and others to injurious conditions, and with reinforcing an attitude of care. A range of managerial factors need to be taken into account in attaining an appropriate level of managerial responsiveness to the contextual features of a safety culture. A strong safety culture is fostered by: management concern and example; by appropriate recruitment policies; by rewards reinforcing caring attitudes; by the constructive use of employee's innate concerns; by the provision of appropriate information and the discretion to make use of it; and by fostering group pressures which can enhance care. Also, since protecting others from harm has moral implications, in-company arguments in the moral sphere are also relevant. Management strategies, hoe also relevant. Management strategies, however, need to be set in the context of both a consistent set of organisational policies and an appropriate form of organisational rhetoric. Options for shaping in-house features of company policy in relation to safety culture, outlined above, are separate from factors beyond the each of most individual managers. The regulatory environment, visibility and public susceptibility of the industry to safety concerns and the incidence of high-profile negative incidents all pose dilemmas for the individual promoting safety culture. (author)
Utilization of attitude maps in evaluating teachers' attitudes towards assessment
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Feral OGAN-BEKIROGLU
Full Text Available Various methods have been performed to identify teachers' attitudes towards assessment. Recognizing the idea that mapping is one of the most efficient tools, this study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of attitude maps in the evaluation of teachers' attitudes towards assessment. The instrument, composed of open-ended questions, was utilized during the semi-structured interview protocol and used as the study's data collection tool. Attitude maps were constructed during the evaluation process to represent the pre-service teachers' attitudes' towards assessment. The participants' attitudes were determined and categorized as traditional, close to traditional, transitional, close to constructivist, and constructivist. Criterion validity of the results was achieved by comparing the categories drawn from the attitude maps with the categories derived by the survey. Results indicate that attitude mapping is a useful way to evaluate teachers' attitudes towards assessment.
TESOL in-Service Teachers' Attitudes towards Computer Use
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Abbas Ali Rezaee
Full Text Available The way education is being delivered has been altered via the rapid development of computer technology. This is especially the case in the delivery of English language teaching where the combination of various variables is pertinent to computer attitudes to enhance instructional outcomes. This paper reports the study undertaken to elucidate whether the correlation exists between TESOL in-service teachers' attitudes towards computer and their computer attributes scale and to explore the proportion of variance in TESOL in-service teachers' attitudes towards computer that can be explained by their cultural perception scale and computer competence scale. A questionnaire (ATCT was utilized to obtain the necessary information about teachers' characteristics, their computer attributes, cultural perceptions, computer competence and attitudes of the sample (45 TESOL in-service teachers at Universiti Sains Malaysia. The results revealed that there was a significant correlation between teachers' computer attitudes and computer attributes. A further finding revealed that both of cultural perception scale and computer competence scale were predictors of teachers' computer attitudes; yet, cultural perception scale was the best predictor. Suggestions based on these outcomes have been offered in this paper.
Tobacco Harm Knowledge and Attitude among Infertile Couples
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Hooman Sadri Ardakani
Full Text Available Objective: High prevalence of tobacco consumption in childbearing ages is an important topic of consideration as its ill effects have influences on fertility. Worldwide studies have shown that general knowledge on fertility issues is low. Aim of the current study was to assess tobacco harm knowledge and attitude in infertile couples referring to the Avicenna center."nMaterials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. All Avicenna fertility clinics' new patients with infertility complain between November of 2007 and February 2008 was included. Information was collected trough standard knowledge and attitude questionnaire. "nResults: Among 684 individuals (342 couples, the mean score of knowledge and attitude was 0.49±0.79 (from a total of 4, 19.1±2.70 (from a total of 24. The mean knowledge score among women and men was 0.44±0.73, 0.54±0.84, respectively. The mean of attitude score in women and men was 19.35±2.55, 18.85±2.82, respectively. Significant correlation between age, gender, education and tobacco experience with knowledge was not found. Yet, attitude was significantly more appropriate in women, the educated and inexperienced tobacco usage (P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.03, respectively."nConclusion: In the population studied, attitude was appropriate but level of knowledge was low and this suggests more steps should be taken to improve the knowledge.
Medical students' knowledge and attitude toward cancer pain management in Saudi Arabia.
Kaki, Abdullah M.
OBJECTIVES To assess the final year medical students' knowledge, beliefs, and attitude toward cancer pain, and the need for a formal pain curriculum in medical schools. METHODS An epidemiological study was conducted from May 2008 to October 2009 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to assess the students' knowledge and attitude toward cancer pain management. A survey in the form of self-conducted questionnaire was distributed among them. ...
Knowledge and attitude of the primary school male students about the Iranian fluoride mouth rinse
Hamid Reza Poureslami DDS, MSc; Lila Shafie DDS, MSc; Elham Farrokh Gisoure DDS, MSc; Lida Pishbin DDS, MSc
BACKGROUND: This study was designed to assess the knowledge and attitude of male students of Kerman primaryschools about 0.2% sodium fluoride mouthwash solution that students used it once a week.METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 502 boys, eight to nine year-old and students of Kerman primaryschools were selected for the study. The data related to their knowledge and attitude about the sodium fluoridemouthwash were collected by questionnaire.RESULTS: The boy students' knowledg...
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Herbal Remedies in A Group of Infertile Couples
Ladan Kashani; Elmira Hassanzadeh; Arefeh Mirzabeighi; Shahin Akhondzadeh
The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice of herbal remedies (HRs) in infertile patients. This was a cross sectional study in a referral infertility care center. Three hundred and six outpatients, both women and men, presenting for the first time with complaint of infertility at Arash hospital, were recruited. Verbal consent for participation was received. A self administered questionnaire was used. Main outcome measure was knowledge, attitude and practice of pati...
Beliefs and attitudes of French family practitioners toward depression: the impact of training in mental health
Norton, Joanna; Pommié, Christelle; Cogneau, Joël; Haddad, Mark; Ritchie, Karen; Mann, Anthony
OBJECTIVE: To study, in a sample of French Family Practitioners (FPs), beliefs and attitudes toward depression and how they vary according to training received in mental health. METHODS: The Depression Attitude Questionnaire (DAQ) was completed by 468 FPs from all regions of France, recruited by pharmaceutical company representatives to attend focus groups on the management of depression in general practice. RESULTS: A three-factor model was derived from the DAQ, accounting for 37.7% of the t...
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards zoonoses among public health workers in Nyanza province, Kenya
Darryn Knobel; Job Wasonga; Gamaliel Omondi; Eric Ogola; Peter Omemo
We sought to determine the knowledge and attitude of public health workers (PHWs) with respect to emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases and the practice of one health approach in the surveillance of zoonoses in the community. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 randomly selected districts of Nyanza province, Kenya. One hundred and ten randomly-selected PHWs were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected on their knowledge, attitudes and practices about common...
Attitudes and beliefs about placebo surgery among orthopedic shoulder surgeons in the United Kingdom.
Wartolowska, K; Beard, DJ; Carr, AJ
OBJECTIVES: To survey surgeons on their beliefs and attitudes towards the use of placebo in surgery. METHODS: British orthopedic shoulder surgeons, attending a national conference in the United Kingdom, were asked to complete a self-report online questionnaire about their beliefs and attitudes towards the use of placebo related to surgical intervention. The survey included questions about ethical issues, the mechanism of placebo effects, and any concerns regarding its use. RESULTS: 100 surgeo...
Benzodiazepine prescribing behaviour and attitudes: a survey among general practitioners practicing in northern Thailand
Critchley Julia; Garner Paul; Srisurapanont Manit; Wongpakaran Nahathai
Abstract Background Over-prescribing of benzodiazepines appears common in many countries, a better understanding of prescribing practices and attitudes may help develop strategies to reduce prescribing. This study aimed to evaluate benzodiazepine prescribing behaviour and attitudes in general practitioners practising in Chiang Mai and Lampoon, Thailand. Methods Questionnaire survey of general practitioners in community hospitals, to estimate: i) use of benzodiazepines for anxiety/insomnia, pa...
Knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices about colorectal cancer among adults in an area of Southern Italy
Marinelli Paolo; Di Giuseppe Gabriella; Abbate Rossella; Sessa Alessandra; Angelillo Italo F.
Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer for both sexes in developed countries. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices regarding CRC of adults in Italy. Methods A random sample of 1165 adults received a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics; knowledge regarding definition, risk factors, and screening; attitudes regarding perceived risk of contracting CRC and utility of screening test...
Attitude and Needs of Thai People in Selecting Domestic Low-Cost Airlines
Sittichai Charoensettasilp; Chong Wu
This research studies about attitude and needs of Thai people in selecting domestic low-cost airlines. 400 randomly selected samples include Thai people living in Bangkok and used to travel by airlines. Research methodology includes random convenience sampling technique that use questionnaire to gather data. At significance level of 0.05, demographic factors including gender, age, education level, monthly income, and occupation do not affect attitude and needs of Thai people in selecting dom...
The evaluation of HIV/AIDS -related knowledge and attitudes of high school students
Gülden Uzer Ekin
Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge and attitudes of the high school students for HIV / AIDS and also to evaluate the sources from which the information has been received. Material and Methods: 74 male and 39 female high school students (n:113) have participated in the study. The survey questionnaire was developed by the researchers and implemented by UNICEF and it contained 22 questions assessing knowledge and attitudes. Survey interviewing method was applied to students. ...
The transmission of work-related attitudes: a social learning analysis.
O Shea, Deirdre; Kirrane, Melrona
Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to focus on personal and social background factors as potential channels for the transmission of work related attitudes in young adults. The paper aims to examine the extent to which gender, parental job type, job status, and education, as well as school experience, influence the development of attitudes towards work and family life. Design/methodology/approach – The study comprised a quantitative (questionnaire based) survey with a sample of 782 fina...
The Role of Attitudes and Decision Makinig on Product Choice. Case Study: Cellular Phones
Tajzadeh Namin A. A.; Rahmani Vahid; Tajzadeh Namin Aidin
The process of deciding over (choosing) a brand may be influenced by situation and content. "Brand attitude" and "corporate attitude" affect consumer's brand choice and re-buying rate. The findings of the study can provide companies and active players in production, marketing, and sale of cell phones with practical suggestions as well as guidelines on how to meet consumer's needs. In this descriptive survey, a questionnaire with 57 questions was used to gather required data. The s...
Graduate Nursing Students' Knowledge of Computer Terminology and Attitudes Toward Computers
Merrow, Sherry Lynne
The purpose of this paper is to describe the knowledge of and attitudes toward computers of graduate nursing students before and after an elective course "Computers in Nursing". At the beginning of the course students completed a questionnaire which included questions about computer access and use, knowledge of computer terminology and computer use, and attitudes toward computers. Prior to the course students had widely varying self-rated knowledge of computer terminology scores. Self-rated k...
Knowledge, attitude and practices of pediatricians regarding the prevention of oral diseases in Italy
Marinelli Alessandra; Ga, Nobile Carmelo; Di Giuseppe Gabriella; Angelillo Italo F
Abstract Background Pediatricians are in an ideal position to advise families about the prevention and management of oral diseases in children. The objective of the study was to determine knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding the prevention of oral diseases among pediatricians in Italy. Methods A systematic random sample of 1000 pediatricians received a questionnaire on socio-demographic and practice characteristics; knowledge on risk factors; attitude and practices towards the prevent...
Tobacco use prevalence, knowledge and attitudes among Italian hospital healthcare professionals
Siliquini, Roberta; Gualano, Maria Rosaria
Healthcare professionals play a key role in tobacco use prevention because they are considered as model by patients. This multicenter study was aimed to evaluate smoking prevalence, knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco among Italian hospital professionals.A cross-sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire administered to healthcare professionals in seven Italian hospitals, to investigate personal and occupational data, knowledge, attitudes, job setting, clinical activities, smok...
Food Sanitation Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior for the University Restaurants Employees
Wen-Hwa Ko
The purpose of this study was to discuss the food sanitation knowledge, attitude, and behavior for the employees of university restaurants, and furthermore, to explain the interrelations of these various were occurring at school. A questionnaire survey procedure was used. Each two constructs of food sanitation attitude and behavior were analyzed by factor analysis. Data was analyzed by description, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. The correctness rate toward the whole...
Medical education in pediatrics: attitude assessment in health promotion and preventive care
Zardo Lina Aparecida; Bozzetti Mary Clarisse
OBJECTIVES: to evaluate attitudes in childcare and primary care in pediatrics, as well as aspects of training and medical education for residents in pediatrics consistent with the current medical paradigm. METHODS: the subjects were 133 residents of six pediatrics residency services in the city of Porto Alegre, RS. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed consisting of a questionnaire and an attitude measurement scale (Likert scale). Thirty propositions related to the issues of chil...
Attitudes of Students at Sultan Qaboos University towards the Nursing Profession
Raghda K. Shukri; Bakkar, Bakkar S.; Monther A. El-Damen; Ahmed, Samira M.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the attitudes of Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) students towards the nursing profession. Methods: A sample of 377 students (male = 130; female = 247) were selected from different colleges of SQU, including the College of Nursing. A questionnaire was constructed and validated to assess the attitudes of SQU students towards the nursing profession. Results: Findings revealed that both male and female students in all academic years and colleges had...
Entrepreneurial behaviour of Dutch dairy farmers under a milk quota system: goals, objectives and attitudes
Bergevoet, R. H. M.; Ondersteijn, C. J. M.; Saatkamp, H. W.; Woerkum, C. M. J.; Huirne, R. B. M.
An empirical model, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, was developed to test the hypothesis that differences in farmers' goals, objectives and attitudes are a determinant of strategic and entrepreneurial behaviour and will, therefore, result in differences in farm size. The theory states that a person's behaviour results from his/her goals and intentions, attitudes, perceived behavioural control and social norms. Data (n=257) were gathered from a questionnaire that was sent to a select...
Spoken English in the EFL classroom : A study of Swedish pupils' attitudes towards spoken English
Sköld, Lovisa
The purpose of this essay is to investigate pupils' attitudes towards spoken English and towards speaking in front of their friends, and how these attitudes appear to be related to their oral communication and communicative behaviour in the classroom. The material was collected by video taping two classes, a questionnaire in these two classes and by interviewing their teacher. The results show that motivation and anxiety are psychological factors that play a significant role in the learning...
Attitudes toward psychopharmacology among hospitalized patients from diverse ethno-cultural backgrounds
Zullino Daniele F; Gex-Fabry Marianne; Thorens Gabriel; Eytan Ariel
Abstract Background Biological factors influencing individual response to drugs are being extensively studied in psychiatry. Strikingly, there are few studies addressing social and cultural differences in attitudes toward psychotropic medications. The objective of this study was to investigate ethno-culturally determined beliefs, expectations and attitudes toward medication among a sample of hospitalized psychiatric patients. Methods An ad hoc questionnaire was designed to assess patients' ex...
A survey of cross-infection control procedures: knowledge and attitudes of Turkish dentists
Emir Yüzbasioglu; Duygu Saraç; Sevgi Canbaz; Sinasi Sarac?, Y.; Seda Cengiz
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and behavior of Turkish dentists in Samsun City regarding cross-infection control. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was designed to obtain information about procedures used for the prevention of cross-infection in dental practices and determine the attitudes and perceptions of respondent dental practitioners to their procedures. The study population included all dentists in the city of Samsun, Turkey, in ...
Prospective biology teachers' attitudes toward animal dissection : implications and recommendations for the teaching of biology
Villiers, J. J. R.; Villiers, Rian; Sommerville, Jaqui E. M.
A sample of 242 prospective biology teachers at a South African university responded to a questionnaire on animal dissection in a science-related context. The students were required to answer questions relating to their experiences and attitudes toward animal dissection. The influence of gender, culture, and religion on their attitudes is discussed. The implications of the findings for teaching biological science are considered and a number of recommendations are made in regard to animal diss...
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Motivations towards Blood Donation among King Abdulaziz Medical City Population
Najd Alfouzan
Background. Blood donation is remarkably safe medical procedure. However, attitudes, beliefs, and level of knowledge may affect it. Objectives. To measure the level of knowledge regarding blood donation, find out positive and negative attitudes, identify the obstacles, and suggest some motivational factors. Methodology. A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC). Participants were selected by convenient nonrandom sampling technique. A self-created questionnair...
The Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Canadian Master of Physical Therapy Students Regarding Peer Mentorship
Quesnel, Martine; King, Judy; Guilcher, Sara; Evans, Cathy
Purpose: To describe Canadian Master of Physical Therapy (MPT) students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding peer mentorship. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey study was conducted. An online questionnaire was sent to 945 MPT students via e-mail, using a modified Dillman approach. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Canadian MPT students. Results: A total of 260 MPT students (27.5%) responded to the quest...
Attitude towards Business Ethics: Examining the Influence of Religiosity, Gender and Education Levels
Choe Kum-Lung; Lau Teck-Chai
This study aims to explore the influence of religiosity, gender and education levels on attitude towards businessethics. Religiosity has long been regarded as the key determinant in shaping ethical values. The well-establishedscale of Attitude Towards Business Ethics Questionnaire (ATBEQ) was adapted. Religiosity was measured usingthe Religious Commitment Inventory Scale (RCI-10). There are two dimensions of religiosity – intrapersonalreligiosity and interpersonal religiosity. Results showe...
Determinants of Nurses' Attitudes toward the Care of Patients with Alcohol Problems
Crothers, Cara Elizabeth; DORRIAN, Jillian
Nurses (n = 49, age = 39 ± 11?y) from an Australian metropolitan hospital completed the Marcus Alcoholism, Seaman Mannello Nurses' Attitudes toward Alcoholism, and the shortened Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaires. The majority had personal (73%) and/or professional (93%) experience with people with alcohol problems. Not one reported receiving drug and alcohol training. On average, nurses held neutral to positive attitudes toward alcohol problems; however, 14.3% complete...
A Catalog of Biases in Questionnaires
Bernard C K Choi, Phd; Anita W P Pak, Phd
Bias in questionnaires is an important issue in public health research. To collect the most accurate data from respondents, investigators must understand and be able to prevent or at least minimize bias in the design of their questionnaires. This paper identifies and categorizes 48 types of bias in questionnaires based on a review of the literature and offers an example of each type. The types are categorized according to three main sources of bias: the way a question is designed, the way the...
Clima de segurança do paciente: percepçăo dos profissionais de enfermagem Clima de seguridad del paciente: percepción de los profesionales de enfermería The climate of patient safety: perception of nursing professionals
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Mayara Carvalho Godinho Rigobello
Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a percepçăo do clima de segurança dos profissionais de enfermagem atuantes nas clínicas médicas e cirúrgicas de um Hospital de Ensino. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, descritivo e com abordagem quantitativa. Foi utilizado o Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ - Short Form 2006, traduzido para a língua portuguesa. RESULTADOS: A percepçăo do clima de segurança dos profissionais variou conforme o gęnero, a clínica, a categoria profissional e o tempo de atuaçăo. A satisfaçăo no trabalho foi demonstrada por todos os profissionais, com escores acima de 75, enquanto o domínio Percepçăo da Geręncia apresentou valores mais baixos. CONCLUSĂO: A satisfaçăo do profissional, o diálogo e o suporte ŕ equipe por parte da administraçăo săo essenciais para a garantia da segurança do paciente. Conhecer a percepçăo dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre o clima de segurança contribui para a melhoria do cuidado em saúde e para a reduçăo dos riscos ao paciente.OBJETIVO: Evaluar la percepción del clima de seguridad de los profesionales de enfermería que actúan en las clínicas médicas y quirúrgicas de un Hospital de Enseńanza. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y con abordaje cuantitativo. Fue utilizado el Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ - Short Form 2006, traducido para la lengua portuguesa. RESULTADOS: La percepción del clima de seguridad de los profesionales varió conforme el género, la clínica, la categoría profesional y el tiempo de actuación. La satisfacción en el trabajo fue demostrada por todos los profesionales, con scores arriba de 75, en cuanto que el dominio Percepción de la Gerencia presentó valores más bajos. CONCLUSIÓN: La satisfacción del profesional, el diálogo y el soporte al equipo por parte de la administración son esenciales para la garantía de la seguridad del paciente. Conocer la percepción de los profesionales de enfermería sobre el clima de seguridad contribuye para la mejoría del cuidado en salud y para la reducción de los riesgos del paciente.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perception of the safety climate of nursing professionals working in the medical and surgical clinics of a teaching hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional, descriptive study using a quantitative approach. We used the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ - Short Form 2006, translated into the Portuguese language. RESULTS: The perception of the safety climate of the professionals varied according to gender, clinic, professional category and time of work. Job satisfaction was demonstrated by all professionals, with scores above 75, while the domain of Perception of Management presented much lower values. CONCLUSION: Professional satisfaction, dialogue and support for the team on the part of the administration are essential to ensuring patient safety. To know the perception of nursing professionals about the climate of safety contributes to the improvement of health care and to the reduction of risks to the patient.
Attitude of resident doctors towards intensive care units? alarm settings
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Garg Rakesh
Full Text Available Intensive care unit (ICU monitors have alarm options to intimate the staff of critical incidents but these alarms needs to be adjusted in every patient. With this objective in mind, this study was done among resident doctors, with the aim of assessing the existing attitude among resident doctors towards ICU alarm settings. This study was conducted among residents working at ICU of a multispeciality centre, with the help of a printed questionnaire. The study involved 80 residents. All residents were in full agreement on routine use of ECG, pulse oximeter, capnograph and NIBP monitoring. 86% residents realised the necessity of monitoring oxygen concentration, apnoea monitoring and expired minute ventilation monitoring. 87% PGs and 70% SRs routinely checked alarm limits for various parameters. 50% PGs and 46.6% SRs set these alarm limits. The initial response to an alarm among all the residents was to disable the alarm temporarily and try to look for a cause. 92% of PGs and 98% of SRs were aware of alarms priority and colour coding. 55% residents believed that the alarm occurred due to patient disturbance, 15% believed that alarm was due to technical problem with monitor/sensor and 30% thought it was truly related to patient?s clinical status. 82% residents set the alarms by themselves, 10% believed that alarms should be adjusted by nurse, 4% believed the technical staff should take responsibility of setting alarm limits and 4% believed that alarm levels should be pre-adjusted by the manufacturer. We conclude that although alarms are an important, indispensable, and lifesaving feature, they can be a nuisance and can compromise quality and safety of care by frequent false positive alarms. We should be familiar of the alarm modes, check and reset the alarm settings at regular interval or after a change in clinical status of the patient.
The Effects Of Grade Level, Gender, And Ethnicity On Attitude And Learning Environment In Mathematics In High School
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Thienhuong N. Hoang
Full Text Available The purpose of this study was to investigate different factors (grade level, gender, and ethnicity that might affect the attitudes and learning environment perceptions of high school mathematics students in Los Angeles County, California, USA. The study involved the administration of the administration of the What Is Happening In This Class? (WIHIC questionnaire and an attitude questionnaire based on the Test of Mathematics-Related Attitude (TOMRA to 600 Grades 9 and 10 mathematics students in 30 classes in one high school. Quantitative research method was used in collecting information from the sample. The quantitative data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and MANOVA. The results showed that male consistently reported slightly more positive perceptions of classroom environment and attitudes than did females. Anglo students' scores consistently are a little higher than Hispanic students' scores. There is strong evidence of associations between students' attitudes and the learning environment.
The development of a questionnaire to measure students' motivation towards science learning
Tuan, Hsiao-Lin; Chin, Chi-Chin; Shieh, Shyang-Horng
The purpose of this study was to develop a questionnaire that measures students' motivation toward science learning (SMTSL). Six scales were developed: self-efficacy, active learning strategies, science learning value, performance goal, achievement goal, and learning environment stimulation. In total, 1407 junior high school students from central Taiwan, varying in grades, sex, and achievements, were selected by stratified random sampling to respond to the questionnaire. The Cronbach alpha for the entire questionnaire was 0.89; for each scale, alpha ranged from 0.70 to 0.89. There were significant correlations (p?<?0.01) of the SMTSL questionnaire with students' science attitudes (r?=?0.41), and with the science achievement test in previous and current semesters (rp?=?0.40 and rc?=?0.41). High motivators and low motivators showed a significant difference (p?0.01) on their SMTSL scores. Findings of the study confirmed the validity and reliability of the SMTSL questionnaire. Implications for using the SMTSL questionnaire in research and in class are discussed in the paper.
Cultivating a Culture of Medication Safety in Prelicensure Nursing Students.
Bush, Peggy A; Hueckel, Rémi M; Robinson, Dana; Seelinger, Terry A; Molloy, Margory A
Safety education in nursing has traditionally focused at the level of individual nurse-patient interactions. Students and novice clinicians lack clinical experience to create context and understand the complexity of the health care system and safety science. Using the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses quality and safety competency as a framework, the objective of this education project was to design comprehensive, engaging, learner-centered, online modules that increase knowledge, skills, and attitudes about medication safety. PMID:25719569
Attitudes of deaf adults toward genetic testing for hereditary deafness.
MIDDLETON, A; Hewison, J; Mueller, R F
Recent advances within molecular genetics to identify the genes for deafness mean that it is now possible for genetic-counseling services to offer genetic testing for deafness to certain families. The purpose of this study is to document the attitudes of deaf adults toward genetic testing for deafness. A structured, self-completion questionnaire was given to delegates at an international conference on the "Deaf Nation," held at the University of Central Lancashire in 1997. The conference was ...
Attitude of resident doctors towards intensive care units? alarm settings
Garg Rakesh; Bhalotra Anju; Goel Nitesh; Pruthi Amit; Bhadoria Poonam; Anand Raktima
Intensive care unit (ICU) monitors have alarm options to intimate the staff of critical incidents but these alarms needs to be adjusted in every patient. With this objective in mind, this study was done among resident doctors, with the aim of assessing the existing attitude among resident doctors towards ICU alarm settings. This study was conducted among residents working at ICU of a multispeciality centre, with the help of a printed questionnaire. The study involved 80 residents. All residen...
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Mothers Regarding Infant Feeding Practices
Sushma Sriram; Priyanka Soni; Rashmi Thanvi; Nisha Prajapati; Mehariya, K. M.
Background: Present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers towards infant feeding practices. Materials and methods: The mothers of infants, coming to a tertiary care centre, Ahmedabad, on outpatient basis were interviewed using a pre-designed questionnaire. Total 150 mothers were interviewed. Results: Out of the total, 18% mothers were illiterate.58.67% mothers have been counselled by doctor about feeding. Regarding breast feeding, 96% knew about exclus...
Communication with the seriously ill: physicians' attitudes in Saudi Arabia.
Mobeireek, A F; al-Kassimi, F A; al-Majid, S A; al-Shimemry, A
OBJECTIVES: To study some ethical problems created by accession of a previously nomadic and traditional society to modern invasive medicine, by assessment of physicians' attitudes towards sharing information and decision-making with patients in the setting of a serious illness. DESIGN: Self-completion questionnaire administered in 1993. SETTING: Riyadh, Jeddah, and Buraidah, three of the largest cities in Saudi Arabia. SURVEY SAMPLE: Senior and junior physicians from departments of internal m...
Attitudes of Jordanian Youth towards Violence against Women
Faisal Ibrahim Mohammad Al-Matalka; Mohammad. M. Hussainat
This study aimed to examine the attitudes of Jordanian youth towards violence against women. A sample of 2216 youth was randomly selected from all the twelve Governorates in Jordan. A questionnaire was developed to attain the goal of this study, means, standard deviation, t value, and p – value were used. Results showed that Jordanian youth accept violence against women mean > 3, 00, significance level < 0, 05. The findings also showed the most important causes of violence against wom...
Pre-Service EFL Teachers' Attitudes towards 'Language Acquisition Courses'
Nalan K?z?ltan
This study discusses the attitudes of pre-service English language teachers towards "Language Acquisition Courses? in English Language Teacher Education Programs. The data have been collected through a developed questionnaire of 20 questions given to 324 students in the department of Pre-service English Language Teacher Education at Ondokuz May?s University. SPSS has been used for the evaluation of the data. The results indicate that the pre-service teachers of English believe in the imp...
Asthma knowledge attitudes and quality of life in adolescents.
Gibson, P. G.; Henry, R. L.; Vimpani, G. V.; Halliday, J.
Adolescents with asthma, their peers, and their teachers were studied in order to establish the level of knowledge concerning asthma and its management, their attitudes towards asthma, and the degree quality of life impairment due to asthma. A community survey was conducted among year 8 high school students (n = 4161) and their teachers (n = 1104). There was a good response rate to the questionnaires from students (93%) and teachers (61%). Twenty three per cent of students had asthma and this...
What factors can enhance Dynamic Career Attitudes of University students?
Karavdic, Senad; Baumann, Miche?le
In order to develop a University programme to prepare students for the demands of the job market our experimental study analyzes the relationships between the job search capabilities, the employability soft-skills, the domain autonomy of the quality of life and the dynamic career attitudes. During a class, 46 undergraduate students were invited to complete a self-administered paper pencil questionnaire that explores the Job search capabilities (JSC=26 items), Employability soft-skills (ESS 32...
Asthma knowledge, attitudes, and quality of life in adolescents.
Gibson, P G; Henry, R L; Vimpani, G V; Halliday, J.
Adolescents with asthma, their peers, and their teachers were studied in order to establish the level of knowledge concerning asthma and its management, their attitudes towards asthma, and the degree quality of life impairment due to asthma. A community survey was conducted among year 8 high school students (n = 4161) and their teachers (n = 1104). There was a good response rate to the questionnaires from students (93%) and teachers (61%). Twenty three per cent of students had asthma and this...
The Effects of Podcasting on College Student Achievement and Attitude
Jeff Francom; Tom Ryan; Mumbi Kariuki
This mixed methods study investigated the impact of weekly podcasts, written and recorded by course instructors to summarize college course content, on student achievement and attitudes. Weekly summative podcasts were posted on an Internet website in Windows Media format and downloaded by college students. After four weeks of podcasts, students were assessed and evaluated and results were compared to similar classes that did not use podcasts. Students completed a questionnaire and were interv...
Attitudes and Behaviors of Practicing Community Pharmacists Towards Patient Counselling
Adepu R; Nagavi B
The present study was conducted to assess the attitudes and behaviors of practicing community pharmacists towards patient counselling and use of patient information leaflets in the state of Karnataka. Convenient sampling method was adopted to collect the responses with the help of self-completion questionnaires. A total of 258 practicing community pharmacists in the age group of 22-60 y of both gender with practicing experience of 2-30 y participated in the study. Majority of respondents (80&...
Knowledge and Attitude of Family Physicians Regarding Adult Vaccination
Zeynep Baykan; Melis Naçar; Serap Bor Özdemir; Serpil Poyrazo?lu; Fevziye Çetinkaya
Objective: The aim of this study was to establish the knowledge and attitude of family physcians offering primary health care, towards adult vaccination and their own vaccination coverage. Methods: This descriptive study was performed in May 2009 in Kayseri, Turkey. 282 family physician accepted to fill a questionnaire about adult vaccination. Results: Most of the family physcians (83.0%) thought adult vaccination as a modality of protection and 66.7% wanted a vaccination scheme just like the...
University Students' Attitudes towards Cell Phone Learning Environment
Muhanna, Wafa N.; Awatif M. Abu-Al-Sha'r
This study aims at investigating Jordanian university undergraduate and graduate students' attitudes towards the learning environment where cell phones are used as learning tools in classroom. To achieve this goal, the researchers distributed two questionnaires among two groups of two different levels of randomly chosen university students at the Faculty of Educational Sciences at Al-al-Bayt University. The first one addresses 30 undergraduate students, 12 male and 18 female. The other addres...
Attitudes and behaviors towards clinical guidelines: the clinicians' perspective.
Mansfield, C. D.
Objectives--To find out what attitudes hospital doctors have towards the culture of clinical guidelines; to ascertain perceived knowledge and use of clinical guidelines; and to investigate why hospital doctors think that clinical guidelines may not be used and how they think that the use of guidelines can be encouraged. Design--Postal questionnaire survey be tween October 1993 and January 1994. Setting--Hospitals within Oxford region. Subjects--409 doctors of all grades working in one of six ...
Sexuality related attitudes and behaviors of Turkish university students.
Askun, Duysal; Ataca, Bilge
In this study, sexual attitudes and behaviors of Turkish university students were explored by taking many influential agents both at the distal and the proximal levels into consideration. A total of 563 students from three universities located in three cities completed a questionnaire that assessed their virginity status, first intercourse, sexual permissiveness, pornography usage, endorsement of traditional sexual double standards, and the perception of parental attitudes about sexuality. The results showed that women and students from rural areas were more traditional and conservative in their attitudes and behaviors regarding sexuality. The perception of maternal restriction about sexuality was related to sexual conservatism, negative affective reaction at first coitus, and endorsing traditional sexual double standards. The results are discussed in terms of various degrees of influences originating from proximal and distal variables in the Turkish context. PMID:17629783
Safety Day Prize Competition: results and answers
HSE Unit
The three winners of the Safety Day Prize Competition are... • 1st Prize: Fernando LEITE PEREIRA – smoke detector • 2nd Prize: Thomas DE BORTOLI – water filter jug • 3rd Prize: Matti KALLIOKOSKI – safety goggles Please see the image below for the answers to the questionnaire. If you have any questions regarding the Safety Day, please contact: firstname.lastname@example.com. And again, thank you to all the participants!
Safety culture in operation of nuclear power plants in CSFR
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Three aspects are discussed of safety culture in the operation of nuclear power plants in Czechoslovakia, namely, the rewards and sanctions, the individual attitudes and procedures, and plant safety experience as defined in Sections 3.2.4, 126.96.36.199 and 18.104.22.168, respectively, of the IAEA report on Safety Culture by the INSAG, 1991. (Z.S.)
Research reactor management. Safety improvement activities in HANARO
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Safety activities in HANARO have been continuously conducted to enhance its safe operation. Great effort has been placed on a normalization and improvement of the safety attitude of the regular staff and other employees working at the reactor and other experimental facilities. This paper introduces the activities on safety improvement that were performed over the last few years. (author)
Relationship between Nurses' Attitudes toward Learning Organizations with Organizational Commitment
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Elnaz Asghari
Full Text Available Background & Aim: Recognizing and modifying organizational commitment and its related factors is important. It seems that nurses' attitudes towards learning organizations influence their organizational commitment. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nurses' attitudes towards learning organizations and organizational commitment. Methods & Materials: In this descriptive-correlative study, 719 nurses working in Rasht educational hospitals were recruited to the study. We gathered data using the Porter organizational commitment questionnaire and the Jeong learning organization questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Spearman and t-tests in the SPSS-18. Results: Most of the nurses were female (94.7% and registered (35.3%. The mean (SD age of the nurses was 32.13 (6.98. The mean (SD of the organizational commitment was 27.10 (42.50. The mean (SD of the learning organization was 92.72 (10.04. The relationship between the organizational commitment and nurses' attitudes towards learning organizations was statistically significant (r=0.482; P<0.0001. Conclusion: It seems improving nurses' attitudes towards learning organizations may result in better organizational commitments
Public knowledge and attitudes toward Epilepsy in Tehran
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K. Gharegozli
Full Text Available Background: Despite advances in medical science and modern technology, epilepsy remains as a stigmatized condition and negative public attitude toward epilepsy is a common phenomenon especially in developing countries such as Iran. It is the major factor causing serious social discrimination against people with epilepsy which in turn may be more devastating than the disorder itself. Thorough understanding of the knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy is essential to modify these negative attitudes. Methods: We conducted a face-to-face questionnaire interview survey in crowd locations of Tehran in August, 2004-April 2005. A total of 1079 persons all more than 15 years old were asked to fill the questionnaire. Results: Eighty eight percent of respondents had heard about epilepsy before, 42.2% of them knew one person with epilepsy. However, out of responses about the causes of epilepsy, 52/4% said it was caused by brain damage, 26.4% said it was an inherited disease,, 14.3% said it was due to fever, 34.8% believed stress as the cause of it and1.1% said evil spirits was the cause. 56.9% considered pregnancy to be appropriate for epileptics. 94% believed children with epilepsy could go to school and have normal education. Conclusion: According to this survey, public knowledge and attitudes about epilepsy in study population is not satisfactory. It is suggested that additional efforts must be made to increase the knowledge of the general population through education programs especially among school children.
Attitude toward plagiarism among Iranian medical faculty members.
Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa; Norouzi-Javidan, Abbas; Hassanpour, Kiana; Aramesh, Kiarash; Emami-Razavi, Seyed Hassan
The goal of this study was to assess attitude towards plagiarism in faculty members of Medical School at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. One hundred and twenty medical faculty members of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. They were asked to answer to valid and reliable Persian version of attitude towards plagiarism questionnaire. Attitude toward plagiarism, positive attitude toward self-plagiarism and plagiarism acceptance were assessed. Eighty seven filled-up questionnaires were collected. Mean total number of correct answers was 11.6±3.1. Mean number of correct answers to questions evaluating self-plagiarism was 1.7±0.4 and mean number of correct answers to questions evaluating plagiarism acceptance was 1.4±0.2. There was no significant correlation between plagiarism acceptance and self-plagiarism (r=0.17, P=0.1). It is essential to provide materials (such as workshops, leaflets and mandatory courses) to make Iranian medical faculty members familiar with medical research ethics issues such as plagiarism. PMID:23292631
Attitude toward Plagiarism among Iranian Medical Faculty Members
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Seyed Hassan Emami-Razavi
Full Text Available The goal of this study was to assess attitude towards plagiarism in faculty members of Medical School at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. One hundred and twenty medical faculty members ofTehran University of Medical Sciences were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. They were asked to answer to valid and reliable Persian version of attitude towards plagiarism questionnaire. Attitude toward plagiarism, positive attitude toward self-plagiarism and plagiarism acceptance were assessed. Eighty seven filled-up questionnaires were collected. Mean total number of correct answers was 11.6 ± 3.1. Mean number of correct answers to questions evaluating self-plagiarism was 1.7 ± 0.4 and mean number of correct answers to questions evaluating plagiarism acceptance was 1.4 ± 0.2. There was no significant correlation between plagiarism acceptance and self-plagiarism (r=0.17, P=0.1. It is essential to provide materials (such as workshops, leaflets and mandatory courses to make Iranian medical faculty members familiar with medicalresearch ethics issues such as plagiarism.
Attitudes to vaccination: a critical review.
Yaqub, Ohid; Castle-Clarke, Sophie; Sevdalis, Nick; Chataway, Joanna
This paper provides a consolidated overview of public and healthcare professionals' attitudes towards vaccination in Europe by bringing together for the first time evidence across various vaccines, countries and populations. The paper relies on an extensive review of empirical literature published in English after 2009, as well as an analysis of unpublished market research data from member companies of Vaccines Europe. Our synthesis suggests that hesitant attitudes to vaccination are prevalent and may be increasing since the influenza pandemic of 2009. We define hesitancy as an expression of concern or doubt about the value or safety of vaccination. This means that hesitant attitudes are not confined only to those who refuse vaccination or those who encourage others to refuse vaccination. For many people, vaccination attitudes are shaped not just by healthcare professionals but also by an array of other information sources, including online and social media sources. We find that healthcare professionals report increasing challenges to building a trustful relationship with patients, through which they might otherwise allay concerns and reassure hesitant patients. We also find a range of reasons for vaccination attitudes, only some of which can be characterised as being related to lack of awareness or misinformation. Reasons that relate to issues of mistrust are cited more commonly in the literature than reasons that relate to information deficit. The importance of trust in the institutions involved with vaccination is discussed in terms of implications for researchers and policy-makers; we suggest that rebuilding this trust is a multi-stakeholder problem requiring a co-ordinated strategy. PMID:24788111
Hashmall, Joseph A.; Lennox, Scott E.
Even assuming perfect attitude sensors and gyros, sensor measurements on a vibrating spacecraft have apparent errors. These apparent sensor errors, referred to as pseudonoise, arise because gyro and sensor measurements are performed at discrete times. This paper explains the concept of pseudonoise, quantifies its behavior, and discusses the effect of vibrations that are nearly commensurate with measurement periods. Although pseudonoise does not usually affect attitude determination it does affect sensor performance evaluation. Attitude rates are usually computed from differences between pairs of accumulated angle measurements at different times and are considered constant in the periods between measurements. Propagation using these rates does not reproduce exact instantaneous spacecraft attitudes except at the gyro measurement times. Exact sensor measurements will therefore be inconsistent with estimates based on the propagated attitude. This inconsistency produces pseudonoise. The characteristics of pseudonoise were determined using a simple, one-dimensional model of spacecraft vibration. The statistical properties of the deviations of measurements from model truth were determined using this model and a range of different periods of sensor and rate measurements. This analysis indicates that the magnitude of pseudonoise depends on the ratio of the spacecraft vibration period to the time between gyro measurements and can be as much as twice the amplitude of the vibration. In cases where the vibration period and gyro or sensor measurement period are nearly commensurate, unexpected changes in pseudonoise occur.
Measuring Attitudes Toward Inclusion
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André Kunz
Full Text Available The considerable worldwide demand for an inclusive education system has driven Switzerland to reconsider the approach of segregated schooling for children with Special Educational Needs (SEN. Recently, an agreement was signed among the states with the intention to adopt a more inclusive practice in school. There is evidence suggesting that an inclusive practice established at policy level is not enough, as many times it becomes teacher's effort to translate the policies in classroom setting. The effectiveness of inclusive practices can be tightly related to the attitude of teachers, parents and students to inclusion of children with SEN in mainstreaming classes. Attitude towards inclusion is an observable construct but it presents difficulties in terms of measurement. For this purpose, in order to evaluate the attitude to inclusion of teachers, parents and students, an American Scale, the 11-items Parent Attitude to Inclusion (Palmer et al., 1998a, 1998b, 2001 and the version for teachers (Stanley, Grimbeek, Bryer, Beamisch, 2003; Bryer, Grimbeek, Beamish, Stanley, 2004, has been slightly modified and translated into German language. The resulting scales have been used to collect data in Switzerland in two regions. Results show that the German version of the scale can be potentially used for reliable measurement of attitudes toward inclusion in German speaking countries.
Attitudes of Muslim physicians and nurses toward religious issues.
Hafizi, Sina; Koenig, Harold G; Arbabi, Mohammad; Pakrah, Mohammad; Saghazadeh, Amene
There is a growing body of evidence that suggests a positive role for religious involvement in physical and mental health. Studies have shown that attitudes of physicians toward religion affect their relationship with patients and their medical decisions, and in this way may ultimately affect treatment outcomes. Attitudes of nurses toward religion could also influence whether or not they address patients' unmet spiritual needs. To assess attitudes of physicians and nurses toward religion and how these attitudes vary by education level and demographic characteristics, a total of 800 physicians, medical students, and nurses from some of the largest hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were approached, of whom 720 completed questionnaires (148 nurses, 572 medical students and physicians). The survey questionnaire included the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), Hoge Intrinsic Religiosity Scale, a brief measure of Negative Religious Coping (NRCOPE), and the brief Trust/Mistrust in God Scale. Religious attitudes and practices were compared between physicians (medical students and physicians) and nurses. Regression analysis revealed that except for intrinsic religiosity, physicians were not less religious than nurses on any other dimension of religiosity. Training level (year of training) was a predictor of religiosity, with those having less training being the most religious. The findings suggest that there are few religious differences between nurses and physicians in Iran. However, religiosity may become less as the training level increases. Lack of emphasis in training on the important role that religion plays in health care may result in a decrease in religious involvement and the development of negative attitudes toward religion over time (displaced by a focus on the technological aspects of health care). PMID:23690131
[Attitude of hemophilic adult individuals towards their disease].
Carruyo-Vizcaíno, Cecilia; Vizcaíno, Gilberto; Carrizo, Edgardo; Arteaga-Vizcaíno, Melvis; Sarmiento, Sandra; Vizcaíno-Carruyo, Jennifer
The mental health of hemophilic individuals and their families play an important role on the integral treatment of the disease. The knowledge of the beliefs and attitudes perceived by the patients toward their disease will make possible a positive influence in their clinical improvement, their response to the treatment, as well as their quality of life. On the basis of the Azjen and Fishbein's Theory of Reasoned Action, a questionnaire was applied to 43 adult hemophilics to determine the salient beliefs about their disease. These beliefs permitted to elaborate a main structured questionnaire named Attitude Model in Patients with Hemophilia (Modelo de Actitud en Pacientes con Hemofilia, MAPACHE, in spanish), which was administered to the individuals and thus, the attitude toward their disease was obtained. Seventy two percent (72%) gave a major importance to the clinical aspects of the disease (hemorrhage, joint discomfort and trauma), 40% knew the general concepts of hemophilia (heredity, care and seriousness of the disease), 20% mentioned the implications of the psychosocial factors and only 18% had knowledge concerning the coagulation factors deficiency and the appropriate treatment. The MAPACHE showed a slightly positive score attitude (4.44 +/- 1.12 SEM) towards the disease in the majority of the groups (74.5%); with 26% of the hemophilics with a negative attitude. There were no significant differences between attitude and clinical parameters. It is recommended that a multidisciplinary team of caregivers should focus their efforts toward education and preventive measures in order to avoid the complications and consequences of the disease, to make possible a better quality of life in individuals with hemophilia. PMID:15469070
Nature and operation of attitudes.
Ajzen, I
This survey of attitude theory and research published between 1996 and 1999 covers the conceptualization of attitude, attitude formation and activation, attitude structure and function, and the attitude-behavior relation. Research regarding the expectancy-value model of attitude is considered, as are the roles of accessible beliefs and affective versus cognitive processes in the formation of attitudes. The survey reviews research on attitude strength and its antecedents and consequences, and covers progress made on the assessment of attitudinal ambivalence and its effects. Also considered is research on automatic attitude activation, attitude functions, and the relation of attitudes to broader values. A large number of studies dealt with the relation between attitudes and behavior. Research revealing additional moderators of this relation is reviewed, as are theory and research on the link between intentions and actions. Most work in this context was devoted to issues raised by the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. The present review highlights the nature of perceived behavioral control, the relative importance of attitudes and subjective norms, the utility of adding more predictors, and the roles of prior behavior and habit. PMID:11148298
Questionnaire Design: Asking Questions with a Purpose
Ellen Taylor-Powell
This short document guides the user through the stages of creating and implementing an effective questionnaire. The types of questions and how they should be worded are addressed, and many good examples of the different types of questions that could go into a questionnaire are presented. This resource is intended for novice evaluators.
Applying Learning Strategy Questionnaires: Problems and Possibilities
Schellings, Gonny
This article discusses measuring learning strategies by means of questionnaires. In "multi-method" research, in which think-aloud measures are compared with questionnaires, low or moderate correlations are found. A conclusion often drawn is that learners are not able to verbally report on their learning activities. Alternative explanations concern…
Tools and Techniques for Evaluating the Effects of Maintenance Resource Management (MRM) in Air Safety
Taylor, James C.
This research project was designed as part of a larger effort to help Human Factors (HF) implementers, and others in the aviation maintenance community, understand, evaluate, and validate the impact of Maintenance Resource Management (MRM) training programs, and other MRM interventions; on participant attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and ultimately on enhanced safety performance. It includes research and development of evaluation methodology as well as examination of psychological constructs and correlates of maintainer performance. In particular, during 2001, three issues were addressed. First a prototype process for measuring performance was developed and used. Second an automated calculator was developed to aid the HF implementer user in analyzing and evaluating local survey data. These results include being automatically compared with the experience from all MRM programs studied since 1991. Third the core survey (the Maintenance Resource Management Technical Operations Questionnaire, or 'MRM/TOQ') was further developed and tested to include topics of added relevance to the industry.
Sports Ideology, Attitudes toward Women, and Anti-Homosexual Attitudes.
Harry, Joseph
Tests the associations of sports ideology with sexist and antihomosexual attitudes in a sample of 304 college students. It was found that sports ideology is positively associated with sexist and antihomosexual attitudes but only among males. Reciprocal causal influences between sexist attitudes and sports ideology are discussed. (SLD)
A Study on Change in the Attitude of Students towards English Language Learning
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C. Vijaya Bhaskar
Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to find out whether there is any change in the attitude of students towards English Language Learning (ELL when they come for college education after completing the school education. The transformation in the attitude of students from school to college was examined in terms of marks, interest towards English language, self- motivation to learn the language, participation in the class, understanding the importance of English in securing a job and learner-centred language teaching methods that ensure more freedom to the learners. About 52 first year Mechanical Engineering students from Tamil medium stream took part in this research. To examine their shift in attitude towards ELL, an attitude questionnaire was administered and a semi-structured interview was conducted. The findings of the study indicated that there was a significant shift in their attitude towards ELL at their college level.
Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure University Students' Biotechnology Attitude
Erdogan, Mehmet; Özel, Murat; U?ak, Muhammet; Prokop, Pavol
The impact of biotechnologies on peoples' everyday lives continuously increases. Measuring young peoples' attitudes toward biotechnologies is therefore very important and its results are useful not only for science curriculum developers and policy makers, but also for producers and distributors of genetically modified products. Despite of substantial number of instruments which focused on measuring student attitudes toward biotechnology, a majority of them were not rigorously validated. This study deals with the development and validation of an attitude questionnaire toward biotechnology. Detailed information on development and validation process of the instrument is provided. Data gathered from 326 university students provided evidence for the validity and reliability of the new instrument which consists of 28 attitude items on a five point likert type scale. It is believed that the instrument will serve as a valuable tool for both instructors and researchers in science education to assess students' biotechnology attitudes.
Youth violence in South Africa: exposure, attitudes, and resilience in Zulu adolescents.
Choe, Daniel Ewon; Zimmerman, Marc A; Devnarain, Bashi
Exposure to violence is common in South Africa. Yet, few studies examine how violence exposure contributes to South African adolescents' participation in youth violence. The aims of this study were to examine effects of different violence exposures on violent attitudes and behavior, to test whether attitudes mediated effects of violence exposures on violent behavior, and to test whether adult involvement had protective or promotive effects. Questionnaires were administered to 424 Zulu adolescents in township high schools around Durban, South Africa. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test associations among violence exposures and both violent attitudes and behavior. Victimization, witnessing violence, and friends' violent behavior contributed directly to violent behavior. Only family conflict and friends' violence influenced violent attitudes. Attitudes mediated effects of friends' violence on violent behavior. Multiple-group SEM indicated that adult involvement fit a protective model of resilience. These findings are discussed regarding their implications for prevention. PMID:22594214
Science Process Skills and Attitudes toward Science among Palestinian Secondary School Students
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Afif Hafez Zeidan
Full Text Available The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between the Palestinian secondary school studentsknowledge level of science process skills and their attitudes toward science, and the effect of gender and residence ofthese students on their knowledge level of science process skills and on their attitudes toward science. The studyused an 18 - question science process skills test and a 25-item attitudes toward science questionnaire. The associationbetween knowledge level of science process skills and attitudes toward science were significant with a correlationcoefficient of 0.69. The results of the study indicated that there were significant differences in science process skillsdue to gender favoring females; and due to residence favoring villages students. However, there were no significantdifferences in attitudes toward science due to the variables.
Attitude Toward Death in Healthy People and Patients With Diabetes and Cancer
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Masoumeh Nozari
Full Text Available Abstract Background: A person's beliefs can influence the progression of his/her disease; and battling an illness can trigger severe anxiety about death. This study aims to compare the attitude toward death between healthy people and those suffering from diabetes and cancer.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 300 individuals were selected by convenient sampling method. Three groups were matched by gender, age, education, and monthly income. Information was collected through a Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAPR questionnaire and Analyzed Via Covariance (ANCOVA.Results: The results indicated no difference in death attitude among the three groups (f=2.705, p<0.05. All the three groups displayed a higher mean in neutral and approach acceptance.Conclusion: In this study, it was found that disease did not seem to change death attitudes; rather the patients' current attitude had been shaped by previous stages of their sickness.
Awareness and Attitude of Healthcare Workers to Cosmetic Surgery in Osogbo, Nigeria
Opeyemi Adeniyi Adedeji; Ganiyu Oladiran Oseni; Peter Babatunde Olaitan
This study aimed at understanding the level of awareness and elucidates the attitude and disposition of healthcare workers to cosmetic surgery in Osogbo, Nigeria. A questionnaire-based survey was done at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, in 2012. Questionnaires were administered to 213 workers and students in the hospital. These were then analysed using SPSS version 16.0 with frequencies, means, and so forth. Respondents were 33 doctors, 32 nurses, 79 medical students, 60 nursing students, 4...
Heterogeneity among smokers and non-smokers in attitudes and behaviour regarding smoking and smoking restrictions
Poland, B.; J. Cohen; Ashley, M.; Adlaf, E; Ferrence, R; Pederson, L.; Bull, S.; Raphael, D.
OBJECTIVE—To determine if smokers and non-smokers cluster into meaningful, discrete subgroups with distinguishable attitudes and behaviours regarding smoking and smoking restrictions.?DESIGN—Qualitative research with 45 smokers guided development of questionnaire items applied in a population based telephone survey of 432 current smokers and 1332 non-smokers in Ontario, Canada.?METHODS—Cluster analysis of questionnaire items used to categorise adult smokers and non-smokers; compa...
The Development of Attitudes About Physical Punishment: An 8-Year Longitudinal Study
Deater-deckard, Kirby; Lansford, Jennifer E.; Dodge, Kenneth A.; Pettit, Gregory S.; Bates, John E.
We examined young adolescents' endorsement of parental use of corporal punishment to elucidate processes underlying the intergenerational transmission of discipline strategies. The community sample was ethnically and socioeconomically diverse. Mothers completed interviews and questionnaires when the target children were entering kindergarten (n = 566) and in 6th and 8th grades. Adolescents completed questionnaires when they were in 8th grade (n = 425). Adolescents' attitudes about corpora...
Su-chang Chen, Professor; Ling-ling Jing, Lecturer; Ming-hung Sung, Master
This study aims to probe into relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention and measure the mediating effect by entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial attitude. A total of 550 questionnaires were distributed to seven universities in Taiwan. After eliminating the questionnaires with incomplete answers and invalid ones, there were 392 validity samples, with a valid return rate of 71.27%. The results indicated that "openness to experience", "extraversion" a...
Attitude of Working Mothers to Exclusive Breastfeeding in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria
I. A. Ekanem; A. P. Ekanem; A. Asuquo; V. O. Eyo
Attitude of working mothers on breastfeeding was studied between December, 2011 and February, 2012 in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria. One hundred willing mothers were interviewed using self-administered questionnaires, for literate mothers and oral administration of questionnaires to illiterate mothers. Data were analyzed using student's t-test and chi-square statistics. Our results have confirmed that some factors such as age, tribe, religion, occupation, marital status, ...
Assessing Attitudes of Female Freshman Agricultural Undergraduates towards Entering Agricultural Majors
Reza Movahedi
The study aimed at assessing attitudes and perceptions of female freshman agricultural undergraduate students toward entering agricultural majors using survey and correlation methodologies. The statistical population consisted of 326 female freshman undergraduate students of agricultural fields in agricultural college at Bu-Ali-Sina University between 2008 and 2009. Among them, a number of 141 samples were selected randomly. Research tool was a questionnaire. Reliability of the questionnaire ...
Attitude toward Child Abuse among Mothers Referring Health Centers of Tabriz
Jabraeili, Mahnaz; Asadollahi, Maliheh; Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohhammad; Hallaj, Marzieh
Introduction: Parental attitude is an important factor in prediction of child abuse. Awareness of people's attitudes is important in the prediction of their behavior and controlling it. This study was conducted to determine the mothers' attitudes toward child abuse. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 261 mothers referred to the 13 health centers of Tabriz with children aged 2-12, they were selected by a multistage method and their attitudes were assessed using a questionnaire within 2 months. Higher score were representing more negative attitudes. Results: The results showed that the mean score of total attitude toward child abuse was significantly higher than the middle and was significantly associated with mothers' educational level, employment status, attendance status, number of children they have, and economic status. Conclusion: The results showed that although the mothers' attitudes toward child abuse were negative, because of the relationship between mothers' attitudes with their demographic characteristics, it is necessary to enhance mothers' quality of life, and their social and spiritual support to improve their attitudes and prevent the child abuse. PMID:25821761
The Relationship between Attitude towards Politics and the Quality of Political Translation
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Nazanin Shadman
Full Text Available This research attempted to investigate the relationship between the attitudes of translators towards politics and the quality of their political translations. To this end, 30 students, majoring in English translation, were selected as the participants of the study. An attitude questionnaire was devised and administered to estimate the attitudes of the translator trainees towards politics. They were then asked to translate extracts of three political texts taken from "BBC News". The translations were rated and the results were compared with their responses to the attitude questionnaire. The study followed an ex post facto design with no treatment. Analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between translator trainees' attitudes towards politics and the quality of their renderings of political texts. Based upon the findings of the study, the paper also aims at making certain useful suggestions to promote a better instruction on political translation. It briefs on how families, mass-media, most importantly, translation teachers, attempt to implant positive attitudes towards politics in students and, at the same time, how they can play a very crucial role in forming, shaping and affecting attitudes towards politics.
Psychiatric curriculum and its impact on the attitude of Indian undergraduate medical students and interns
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Lingeswaran Anand
Full Text Available Context: Psychiatry is given very less importance in the Indian undergraduate medical curriculum and this affects the attitudes of students toward psychiatry and mentally ill patients. Aim: To study the attitude of undergraduate medical students and interns toward psychiatry and mentally ill patients. Materials and Methods: Undergraduate medical students and interns of a private medical college and research institute in South India consented to form our sample. We studied the General Health Questionnaire, overall level of satisfaction in ongoing Medical course using Visual Analog Scale, attitudes toward psychiatry scale and the attitudes toward mentally ill patient?s scale of the students, with their informed consent. SPSS version 18 was used for analysis of data. Results: Participation rate was 96%. Mean age of entire sample was 20.56 years. The total mean score on the General Health Questionnaire was 13.52 in first year but became worse toward internship (18.2. The level of satisfaction in the medical course dipped from 86% at baseline to 20% during internship. Equally high scores were noted in the attitude toward mentally ill scale. On the attitude toward psychiatry scale, there were more views on psychiatry as being an unscientific specialty, psychiatrists being considered poor role models, and psychiatric teaching was of low quality and psychiatry was the least preferred career choice. Conclusions: The undergraduate medical students have a very unfavorable attitude toward psychiatry and mentally ill patients.
The study of nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding cancer pain management
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Mamishi N
Full Text Available Background & Aim: Knowledge of nursing is necessary for caring people suffering from pain. Regarding pain management and nursing role in order to put into practice exact pain management and availing comfort, possessing knowledge and positive attitude toward nursing care in this population have an important role. Methods & Materials: This descriptive (cross- sectional study determines cancer nurses knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management in hospitalized patients in related wards in Tehran University of medical sciences. Total of 113 nurses (from 132 questionnaires were sent, 113 of them were completed who work in cancer wards in Tehran University of medical science hospitals were selected by convenience sampling (accidental sampling. For data gathering, questionnaires were used. Statistical analysis was performed using ?2 test, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. To compare results and for describing the results, descriptive analysis were used. Results: Results indicates that knowledge and attitude of samples is in a high school (level of knowledge 76% and level of attitude 86.6%. The correlation between knowledge and attitudes is (R=0.350, (p=0.000 that means there is a direct relation between nurses knowledge and attitudes and by increasing one of them? the other will increase. Conclusion: Some of features like level of education, taking part in continuing education, working in chemotherapy and radiotherapy ward, operating room and facing to cancer patients, influence on nurses knowledge and attitudes.
Attitude stability of spinning satellites
Caughey, T. K.
Some problems of attitude stability of spinning satellites are treated in a rigorous manner. With certain restrictions, linearized stability analysis correctly predicts the attitude stability of spinning satellites, even in the critical cases of the Liapunov-Poincare stability theory.
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B. Griglio
Full Text Available Consumers nowadays play a critical role in the prevention of food poisoning. For this reason, the present research was planned to collect data on how aware about food safety consumers are. A questionnaire considering food labelling, hygiene, transport, storage, preparation and kitchen hygiene was designed and submitted to consumers (health district ASL TO5. After questionnaire analysis, a training course was prepared to address specific problems. Kitchens of consentient participants were visited and data on hygiene (check-lists, samples from equipment and fridge surfaces, and fridge temperatures were collected. Questionnaires showed a lack of knowledge on correct food storage, handling, and kitchen hygiene. Households visits showed fridge temperatures above 4°C, highly contaminated washing sponges, and the presence of Listeria spp. in a fridge of a high risk consumer. These results evidence the role of consumer training in reducing foodborne diseases incidence.
Effects of the criticality accident at Tokai-mura on the public's attitude to nuclear power generation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The objective of our study was to clarify the effects on the public's attitude of nuclear power and the criticality accident that occurred at the JCO plant in Tokai-mura, Ibaraki Prefecture. For this purpose, we conducted an awareness survey in the Kansai and Kanto areas two months after the accident. Analysis was made on the basis of the comparison of the survey results with the data that the Institute of Nuclear Safety System had accumulated through continuous awareness surveys on nuclear power generation (regular surveys) since 1993. The public's reactions were twofold. On one hand, there were emotional reactions about accidents in nuclear facilities and a reduction in the sense of security. On the other hand, there were reactions concerning the image of nuclear power plant workers and demand on electricity utilities for enhanced employee education and training. The latter reactions correspond to the problems pointed out after the JCO accident. Regarding the utilization of nuclear power generation, the opinion that 'the utilization of nuclear power generation is unavoidable' accounts for 60% of those surveyed. With the opinion that 'nuclear power generation should be utilized' added, 70% of those surveyed take an affirmative attitude to nuclear power utilization. This situation has remained about the same since 1998, the year before the JCO accident. Using the quantification method III to analyze a number of questionnaires about nuclear power generation such as theabout nuclear power generation such as the anxiety about it, we determined overall attitude indexes regarding nuclear power to perform a time sequence comparison. The comparison shows that the attitude after the JCO accident tended to be more negative than in 1998. However, no significant difference in the overall indexes is seen between 1993 and 1998. Judging the comparison results on the basis of the time span starting in 1993 allows us to conclude that the JCO accident has not greatly contributed to worsening the attitude towards nuclear power generation. Regarding the regional difference, the effect in the Kanto area, which includes Tokai-mura where the accident occurred, was about the same as that observed in the Kansai area. Regarding the gender gap, it is confirmed that the accident affected women more strongly than men. (author)
Safety in relation to risk and benefit
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
The proper definition and quantification of human safety is discussed and from this basis the historical development of our present very high standard of safety is traced. It is shown that increased safety is closely associated with increased wealth, and the quantitative relationship between then is derived from different sources of evidence. When this factor is applied to the production of wealth by industry, a safety benefit is indicated which exceeds the asserted risks by orders of magnitude. It is concluded that present policies and attitudes in respect to the safety of industry may be diametrically wrong. (orig.)
Star trackers for attitude determination
Liebe, Carl Christian
One problem comes to all spacecrafts using vector information. That is the problem of determining the attitude. This paper describes how the area of attitude determination instruments has evolved from simple pointing devices into the latest technology, which determines the attitude by utilizing a CCD camera and a powerful microcomputer. The instruments are called star trackers and they are capable of determining the attitude with an accuracy better than 1 arcsecond. The concept of the star tr...