text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 21, 2009
|Filing date
|Jun 24, 2005
|Priority date
|Jul 31, 1995
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Petro Estakhri, Mahmud Assar
|Original Assignee
|Lexar Media, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (102), Non-Patent Citations (37), Referenced by (21), Classifications (32), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/850,790, filed on May 7, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,912,618, issued on Jun. 28, 2005, and entitled"DIRECT LOGICAL BLOCK ADDRESSING FLASH MEMORY MASS STORAGE ARCHITECTURE.," which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/521,420, filed Mar. 8, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,230,234, issued on May 8, 2001 and entitled "DIRECT LOGICAL BLOCK ADDRESSING FLASH MEMORY MASS STORAGE ARCHITECTURE.," which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/311,045, filed May 13, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,115,785, issued on Sep. 5, 2000 and entitled "DIRECT LOGICAL BLOCK ADDRESSING FLASH MEMORY MASS STORAGE ARCHITECTURE." which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/087,720, filed May 29, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,924,113 issued on Jul. 13, 1999, entitled "DIRECT LOGICAL BLOCK ADDRESSING FLASH MEMORY MASS STORAGE ARCHITECTURE." which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/509,706 filed Jul. 31, 1995 U.S. Pat. No. 5,845,313, issued on Dec. 1, 1998, entitled "DIRECT LOGICAL BLOCK ADDRESSING FLASH MEMORY MASS STORAGE ARCHITECTURE."
This invention relates to the field of mass storage for computers. More particularly, this invention relates to an architecture for replacing a hard disk with a semiconductor nonvolatile memory and in particular flash memory.
Computers conventionally use rotating magnetic media for mass storage of documents, data, programs and information. Though widely used and commonly accepted, such hard disk drives suffer from a variety of deficiencies. Because of the rotation of the disk, there is an inherent latency in extracting information from a hard disk drive.
Other problems are especially dramatic in portable computers. Tin particular, hard disks are unable to withstand many of the kinds of physical shock that a portable computer will likely sustain. Further, the motor for rotating the disk consumes significant amounts of power decreasing the battery life for portable computers.
Solid state memory is an ideal choice for replacing a hard disk drive for mass storage because it can resolve the problems cited above. Potential solutions have been proposed for replacing a hard disk drive with a semiconductor memory. For such a system to be truly useful, the memory must be nonvolatile and alterable. The inventors have determined that FLASH memory is preferred for such a replacement.
FLASH memory is a transistor memory cell which is programmable through hot electron, source injection, or tunneling, and erasable through Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. The programming and erasing of such a memory cell requires current to pass through the dielectric surrounding floating gate electrode. Because of this, such types of memory have a finite number of erase-write cycles. Eventually, the dielectric deteriorates. Manufacturers of FLASH cell devices specify the limit for the number of erase-write cycles between 100.000 and 1.000.000.
One requirement for a semiconductor mass storage device to be successful is that its use in lieu of a rotating media hard disk mass storage device be transparent to the designer and the user of a system using such a device. In other words, the designer or user of a computer incorporating such a semiconductor mass storage device could simply remove the hard disk and replace it with a semiconductor mass storage device. All presently available commercial software should operate on a system employing such a semiconductor mass storage device without the necessity of any modification.
SunDisk proposed an architecture for a semiconductor mass storage using FLASH memory at the Silicon Valley PC Design Conference on Jul. 9, 1991. That mass storage system included read-write block sizes of 512 Bytes to conform with commercial hard disk sector sizes.
Earlier designs incorporated erase-before-write architectures. In this process, in order to update a file on the media, if the physical location on the media was previously programmed, it has to be erased before the new data can be reprogrammed.
This process would have a major deterioration on overall system throughput. When a host writes a new data file to the storage media, it provides a logical block address to the peripheral storage device associated with this data file. The storage device then translates this given logical block address to an actual physical block address on the media and performs the write operation. In magnetic hard disk drives, the new data can be written over the previous old data with no modification to the media. Therefore, once the physical block address is calculated from the given logical block address by the controller, it will simply write the data file into that location. In solid state storage, if the location associated with the calculated physical block address was previously programmed, before this block can be reprogrammed with the new data, it has to be erased. In one previous art, in erase-before-write architecture where the correlation between logical block address given by the host is one to one mapping with physical block address on the media. This method has many deficiencies. First, it introduces a delay in performance due to the erase operation before reprogramming the altered information. In solid state flash, erase is a very slow process.
Secondly, hard disk users typically store two types of information, one is rarely modified and another which is frequently changed. For example, a commercial spread sheet or word processing software program stored on a user's system are rarely, if ever, changed. However, the spread sheet data files or word processing documents are frequently changed. Thus, different sectors of a hard disk typically have dramatically different usage in terms of the number of times the information stored thereon is changed. While this disparity has no impact on a hard disk because of its insensitivity to data changes, in a FLASH memory device, this variance can cause sections of the mass storage to wear out and be unusable significantly sooner than other sections of the mass storage.
In another architecture, the inventors previously proposed a solution to store a table correlating the logical block address to the physical block address. The inventions relating to that solution are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,388,083, issued on Feb. 7, 1995. U.S. Pat. No. 5,479,638 issued on Dec. 26, 1995.
Those applications are incorporated herein by reference.
The inventors' previous solution discloses two primary algorithms and an associated hardware architecture for a semiconductor mass storage device. It will be understood that "data file" in this patent document refers to any computer file including commercial software, a user program, word processing software document, spread sheet file and the like. The first algorithm in the previous solution provides means for avoiding an erase operation when writing a modified data file back onto the mass storage device. Instead, no erase is performed and the modified data file is written onto an empty portion of the mass storage.
The semiconductor mass storage architecture has blocks sized to conform with commercial hard disk sector sizes. The blocks arc individually erasable. In one embodiment, the semiconductor mass storage can be substituted for a rotating hard disk with no impact to the user, so that such a substitution will be transparent. Means are provided for avoiding the erase-before-write cycle each time information stored in the mass storage is changed.
According to the first algorithm, erase cycles are avoided by programming an altered data file into an empty block. This would ordinarily not be possible when using conventional mass storage because the central processor and commercial software available in conventional computer systems are not configured to track continually changing physical locations of data files. The previous solution includes a programmable map to maintain a correlation between the logical address and the physical address of the updated information files.
All the flags, and the table correlating the logical block address to the physical block address are maintained within an array of CAM cells. The use of the CAM cells provides very rapid determination of the physical address desired within the mass storage, generally within one or two clock cycles. Unfortunately, as is well known, CAM cells require multiple transistors, typically six. Accordingly, an integrated circuit built for a particular size memory using CAM storage for the tables and flags will need to be significantly larger than a circuit using other means for just storing the memory.
The inventors proposed another solution to this problem which is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,485,595, issued on Jan. 16, 1996. That application is incorporated herein by reference.
This additional previous solution invented by these same inventors is also for a nonvolatile memory storage device. The device is also configured to avoid having to perform an erase-before-write each time a data file is changed by keeping a correlation between logical block address and physical block address in a volatile space management RAM. Further, this invention avoids the overhead associated with CAM cell approaches which require additional circuitry.
Like the solutions disclosed above by these same inventors, the device includes circuitry for performing the two primary algorithms and an associated hardware architecture for a semiconductor mass storage device. In addition, the CAM cell is avoided in this previous solution by using RAM cells.
Reading is performed in this previous solutions by providing the logical block address to the memory storage. The system sequentially compares the stored logical block addresses until it finds a match. That data file is then coupled to the digital system. Accordingly, the performance offered by this solution suffers because potentially all of the memory locations must be searched and compared to the desired logical block address before the physical location of the desired information can be determined.
What is needed is a semiconductor hard disk architecture which provides rapid access to stored data without the excessive overhead of CAM cell storage.
The present invention is for a nonvolatile memory storage device. The device is configured to avoid having to perform an erase-before-write each time a data file is changed. Further, to avoid the overhead associated with CAM cells, this approach utilizes a RAM array. The host system maintains organization of the mass storage data by using a logical block address. The RAM array is arranged to be addressable by the same address as the logical block addresses of the host. Each such addressable location in the RAM includes a field which holds the physical address of the data in the nonvolatile mass storage expected by he host. This physical block address information must be shadowed in the nonvolatile memory to ensure that the device will still function after resuming operation after a power down because Rams are volatile memory devices. In addition, status flags are also stored for each physical location. The status flags can be stored in either the nonvolatile media or in both the RAM and in the nonvolatile media.
The device includes circuitry for performing two primary algorithms and an associated hardware architecture for a semiconductor mass storage device. The˜˜ first algorithm provides a means for mapping of host logical block address to physical block address with much improved performance and minimal hardware assists. In addition, the second algorithm provides means for avoiding an erase-before-write cycle when writing a modified data file back onto the mass storage device. Instead, no era-se is performed and the modified data file is written onto an empty portion of the mass storage.
Reading is performed in the present invention by providing the logical block address to the memory storage. The RAM array is arranged so that the logical block address selects one RAM location. That location contains the physical block address of the data requested by the host or other external system. That data file is then read out to the host.
According to the second algorithm, erase cycles are avoided by programming an altered data file into an empty mass storage block rather than itself after an erase cycle of the block as done on previous arts.
The memory storage 104 is arranged into N blocks of data from zero through N−1. Each of the blocks of data is M Bytes long. In the preferred embodiment, each data block is 512 Bytes long to correspond with a sector length in a commercially available hard disk drive plus the extra numbers of bytes to store the flags and logical block address information and the associated ECC. The memory 104 can contain as much memory storage as a user desires. An example of a mass storage device might include 100 M Byte of addressable storage. There are a plurality of RAM locations 102. Each RAM location 102 is uniquely addressable by controller using an appropriate one of the logical block addresses provided by the host system or the actual physical address of the nonvolatile media. The RAM location 102 contains the physical block address of the data associated with the logical block address and the flags associated with a physical block address on the nonvolatile media.
It is possible that the physical block address can be split into two fields as shown in
A collection of information flags is also stored for each nonvolatile memory location 106. These flags include an old/new flag 110, a used/free flag 112, a defect flag, 114, and a single/sector flag 116. Additionally, there is also a data store 122.
When writing data to the mass storage device of the present invention, a controller determines the first available physical block for storing the data. The RAM location 102 corresponding to the logical block address selected by the host is written with the physical block address where the data is actually stored within the nonvolatile memory array in 104 (
Assume for example that a user is preparing a word processing document and instructs the computer to save the document. The document will be stored in the mass storage system. The host system will assign it a logical block address. The mass storage system of the present invention will select a physical address of an unused block or blocks in the mass storage for storing the document. The address of the physical block address will be stored into the RAM location 102 corresponding to the logical block address. As the data is programmed, the system of the present invention also Sets the used/free flag 112 in 104 and 293 to indicate that this block location is used. One used/free flag 112 is provided for each entry of the nonvolatile array 104.
Later, assume the user retrieves the document, makes a change and again instructs the computer to store the document. To avoid an erase-before-write cycle, the system of the present invention provides means for locating a block having its used/free flag 112 in 100 unset (not programmed) which indicates that the associated block is erased. The system then sets the used/free flag for the new block 112 of 106 and 293 of 100 and then stores the modified document in that new physical block location 106 in the nonvolatile array 104. The address of the new physical block location is also stored into the RAM location 102 corresponding the logical block address, thereby writing over the previous physical block location in 102. Next, the system sets the old/new flag 110 of the previous version of the document indicating that this is an old unneeded version of the document in 110 of 104 and 293 of 100 In this way, the system of the present invention avoids the overhead of an erase cycle which is required in the erase-before-write of conventional systems to store a modified version of a previous document.
Because of RAM array 100 will lose its memory upon a power down condition, the logical block address with the active physical block address in the media is also stored as a shadow memory 108 in the nonvolatile array 104. It will be understood the shadow information will be stored into the appropriate RAM locations 102 by the controller. During power up sequence, the RAM locations in 100 are appropriately updated from every physical locations in 104, by reading the information 106 of 104. The logical address 108 of 106 is used to address the RAM location of 100 to update the actual physical block address associated with the given logical block address. Also since 106 is the actual physical block address associated with the new data 122, the flags 110, 112, 114, and 116 are updated in 293 of 102 with the physical block address of 106 in 100. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the flags can be stored in either the appropriate nonvolatile memory location 106 or in both the nonvolatile memory location and also in the RAM location 102 associated with the physical block address.
During power up, in order to assign the most recent physical block address assigned to a logical block address in the volatile memory 100, the controller will first reads the Flags 110, 112, 114, and 116 portion of the nonvolatile memory 104 and updates the flags portion 293 in the volatile memory 100. Then it reads the logical block address 108 of every physical block address of the nonvolatile media 104 and by tracking the flags of the given physical block address in the volatile memory 100, and the read logical block address of the physical block address in the nonvolatile memory 104, it can update the most recent physical block address assigned to the read logical block address in the volatile memory 100.
A simplified example, showing the operation of the write operation according to the present invention is shown in
The host directs the mass storage device of the example to write data pursuant to the logical block address '3' and then to '4' The mass storage device will first write the data associated with the logical block address '3'. The device determines which is the first unused location in the nonvolatile memory. In this example, the first empty location is location '0'. Accordingly,
The host instructs that something is to be written to logical block address '3' again. The next empty location is determined to be location '2'.
Next, the host instructs that something is to be written to logical block address '4' again. The next empty location is determined to be location '3'.
If on the other hand, the system is unable to locate a block having an unset used/free flag, the system erases the flags (used/free and old/new) and data for all blocks having a set old/new flag and unset defect flag (step 204) and then searches for a block having an unset used/free flag (step 202). Such a block has just been formed by step 204. The system then sets the used/flag for that block and programs the data file into that block (step 206).
If the data is a modified version of a previously existing file, the system must prevent the superseded version from being accessed. The system determines whether the data file supersedes a previous data file (step 208). If so, the system sets the old/new flag associated with the superseded block (step 210). If on the other hand, the data file to be stored is a newly created data file, the step of setting the old/new flag (step 210) is skipped because there is no superseded block. Lastly, the map for correlating the logical address 108 to the physical address 130 is updated (step 2 t 2 i
By Following the procedure outlined above, the overhead associated with an erase cycle is avoided for each write to the memory 104 except for periodically This vastly improves the performance of the overall computer system employing the architecture of the present invention.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the programming of the flash memory follows the procedure commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. In other words, the program impulses are appropriately applied to the bits to be programmed and then compared to the data being programmed to ensure that proper programming has occurred. In the event that a bit fails to be erased or programmed properly, a defect flag 114 (in
The present invention is described relative to a preferred embodiment. Modifications or improvements which apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art after reading this disclosure are deemed within the spirit and scope of this invention.
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|Anthony Cataldo, New flash enhancements up ante. (Intel's 28F400BV-120 and 28F004BV-120, Atmel's AT29BV010 and AT29BV020, and Samsung Semiconductor's KM29V32000 *flash* memory* devices)(Product Announcement), article, Mar. 13, 1995, 4 pgs., Electronic News, v.41, n2056, The Gale Group.
|Book-Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing, Kai Hwang & Faye A. Briggs, McGraw-Hill Book Co., (C) 1984, p. 64.
|Brian Dipert and Markus Levy, Designing with Flash Memory, book, Apr. 1994, 445 pgs., Annabooks, San Diego, USA.
|Dan Auclair, Optimal Solid State Disk Architecure for Portable Computers, symposium, Jul. 9, 1991, 7 pgs., SunDisk Corporation.
|Dave Bursky, Innovative flash memories match DRAM densities; available with a choice of features, flash memories are finding homes in many systems (includes related articles on the origins of flash, and on the differences between NAND and NOR flash memories). article, May 16, 1994, 9 pgs., Electronic Design, v. 42, n. 10, The Gale Group.
|Henry G Baker, Memory Management, book, 1995, 19 pgs., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany.
|Hiroshi Nakamura, Junichi Miyamoto, Kenichi Imamiya and Yoshihisa Iwata, A Novel Sense Amplifier for Flexible Voltage Operation NAND Flash Memories, symposium, 1995, VLSI Circuits Digest of Technical Papers., 2 pgs.
|Hiroshi Nakamura, Junichi Miyamoto, Kenichi Imamiya, Yoshihisa Iwata, Yoshihisa Sugiura and Hideko Oodaria, A Novel Sensing Scheme with On-Chip Page Copy for Flexible Voltage NAND Flash Memories, article, Jun. 1996, 9 pgs . . . vol. E79-C, No.6.
|Jason Gait, The Optical File Cabinet: A Random-Access File System for Write-Once Optical Disks, article, Jun. 1988, 12 pgs., Beaverton, Oregon.
|Kai Hwang and Faye A. Briggs, Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing, book, 1984, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 2 pgs., US.
|Magazine-"State of the Art; Magnetic VS. Optical Store Data in a Flash", by Walter Lahti and Dean McCarron, Byte magazine dated Nov. 1, 1990. 311, vol. 15, No. 12.
|Magazine-Technology Updates, Integrated Cirrcuits, "1-Mbit flash memories seek their role in system design", Ron Wilson, Senior Editor, Computer Design magazine 28 (1989) Mar. 1, No. 5, Tulsa OK, US, pp. 30 and 32.
|Mendel Rosenblum and John K. Ousterhout, The Design and Implementation of a Log-Structured File System, article, 1991, 15 pgs., Berkeley, USA.
|Michael Wu and Wily Zwaenepoel, A Non-Volatile, Main Memory Storage System, 12 pgs., 1994, ACM, San Jose, CA USA.
|Ramon Caceres, Fred Douglis, Kai Li and Brian Marsh, Operationg System Implications of Solid-State Mobile Computers, article, 7 pgs., Oct. 1993, Workshop on Workstation Operting Systems.
|Ron Wilson, Integrated Circuits; 1-Mbit flash memories seek their role in system design, article, Mar. 1, 1989, 2 pgs., No.6, Tulsa, OK.
|Ross S. Finlayson and David R. Cheriton, An Extended File Service Exploiting Write-Once Storage, article, 1987, 10 pgs. ACM.
|S. Mehroura, J.H. Yuan, R.A. Cemea, W.Y. Chien, D.C. Guteman, G. Samachisa, R.D. Noman, M. Mofidi, W.Lee, Y. Fong, A. Mihnea, E. Hann, R.W. Gregor, E.P. Eberhardt, J.R. Radosevich, K.R. Stiles, R.A. Kohler, C.W. Leung, and T.J. Mulrooney, Serial 9Mb F EEPROM for Solid State Disk Applications, symposium, 1992, 2 pgs., Mountain View, CA.
|Sam Weber, *Flash* modules' portability, reusability, small size valued for a host of APPs-Consumer formats flocking to *flash*, article, Jul. 22, 1996, 9 pgs., Electronic Engineering Times, n911, CMP Media.
|Sape J. Mullender and Andrew S. Tanenbaum, A Distributed File Service Based on Optimistic Concurrency Control, article, 1985, 12 pgs., ACM.
|Science Forum, INC., Flash Memory Symposium '95, symposium, 1995, 13 pgs.; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo.
|Stan Baker, But Integration Calls for Hardware, Software Changes: Flash: designers face the dawn of a new memory age, article, Sep. 12, 2003, 5 pgs., Electronic Engineering Times, 1990, N.619, 41, CMP Media.
|Steven H. Leibson, Nonvolatile, in-circuit-reprogrammable memories, article, Jan. 3, 1991, 12 pgs., EDN, Circle No. 12.
|Steven H. Leibson, Nonvolatile, in-circuit-reprogrammable memories, article. Jan. 3, 1991, 12 pgs., EDN, Circle No. 12.
|Takaaki Nozaki, Toshiaki Tanaka, Yoshiro Kijiya, Eita Kinoshita, Tatsuo Tsuchiya and Yutaka Hayashi, A 1-Mb EEPROM with MONOS Memory Cell for Semiconductor Disk Application, article, 1991, 5 pgs., Journal Of Solid-State Circuits, vol.,26, No. 4.
|Toshiba Corporation, SMIL (Smartmedia Interface Library) Hardware Edition Version 1.00, Jul. 1, 2000, 36 pgs., Data Book.
|Toshiba Corporation, SMIL (Smartmedia Interface Library) Software Edition Version 1.00, Jul. 1, 2000, 136 pgs., Data Book.
|Toshiba, MOS Memory (Non-Volatile), 1995, Data Book.
|Toshiba, MOS Memory (Non-Volatile), 1996, 279 pgs., Data Book.
|Toshiba, Toshiba MOS Digital Integrated Circuit Silicon Gate CMOS, (TC58NS512DC) Mar. 21, 2001, 43 pgs., Data Book.
|Toshiba, Toshiba MOS Digital Integrated Circuit Silicon Gate, (TC58512FT), Mar. 5, 2001, 43 pgs., Data Book.
|Toshiba, Toshiba MOS Digital Integrated Circuit Silicon Gate, (TC58DVG02A1FT00), Jan. 10, 2003, 44 pgs., Data Book.
|Toshiba, Toshiba MOS Digital Integrated Circuit Silicon Gate, (TC58DVM92A1FT00), Jan. 10, 2003, 44 pgs., Data Book.
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|Jul 18, 2005
Owner name: LEXAR MEDIA, INC., CALIFORNIA
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text:
Kat Jones & the band Minor Birds are going on a national tour and will be making tons of AMAZING merchandise & art to sell on the road. Read more
Funding Unsuccessful
This project's funding goal was not reached on February 17, 2013.
Kat Jones & the band Minor Birds are going on a national tour and will be making tons of AMAZING merchandise & art to sell on the road.
About this project
That fateful day last December when the nuclear bombs went off and destroyed a great deal of what we then knew as the world, it became apparent that we were all going to have to live differently. Kat Jones & the band Minor Birds are embarking on their Nuclear Migration Spring Tour in March and April because they must. They must bring songs of the apocalypse to you and they must encourage you to, as they say, "keep on keepin' on." These days are often bleak but they hope to embolden you, encourage you, and place the desire within you to survive, at all costs.
They need your help in order to embark on this journey. Your contribution will bring Kat Jones's last album "La Rosa, La Calavera" back from the dead with new artwork and re-mastered to give you better sound fidelity in each of the songs. It will also aid Minor Birds in releasing their new album "Hold Back All My Dark", and it will pay for the recording and releasing of a new single "Muevete" by Kat Jones in the form of a "Lava Buddy" with a digital download! (Muevete is the first picture of what will be featured on her new album Dear Apocalypse) See incentive titled "What in the World is a 'Lava Buddy?'" to clear up your questions of what that means. Your money will also aid us in making a world of merchandise and art to sell on the road that is interesting, compelling, and profitable (this will help them eat and also get to the next town)!
Rarely, do you get the opportunity to receive so many cool things in exchange for your wages... so feel free to look around, choose multiple incentives if you wish, and contact us if you have any questions. We so look forward to seeing you this year!
And look out for Kat Jones's album "Dear Apocalypse" due for release in summer of 2013!!!
Risks and challenges
Our biggest risk right now, is not having the money to complete the projects we have in mind for our art table. We want to bring high quality and accessible art to you, not only in the form of your every day band merchandise, but we desire to bring you creative projects that you can take home that are pieces of art you can enjoy throughout your life. These take time, money, and a great deal of effort and labor to create for you. If we do not meet our Kickstarter goal we will have to pare the art down or go into debt to bring things to you like t-shirts and cds. Not something anyone is stoked about doing in a recession.
We do want to emphasize the fact that this is a PRE-SALE and not a "fund raiser" the way many Kickstarter packages are. We have some very fun, innovative ideas and are looking forward to crafting them for you !!
Have a question? If the info above doesn't help, you can ask the project creator directly.
Select this reward
Pledge $1 or more
About $1.00 USD
1 backer
I'm So Poor But I Love You So Much! Thank you so much for your donation! Both Kat Jones & Minor Birds will send you a personsal "Thank You!" through Twitter.Less
Select this reward
Pledge $5 or more
About $5 USD
5 backers
La Calavera Magnet! You will receive a hand made plaster skull magnet by Kat Jones to celebrate the re-release of "La Rosa, La Calavera" in the mail! This will include a personalized thank you note from Kat Jones!Less
Select this reward
Pledge $5 or more
About $5 USD
1 backer
STICKER! You will receive a limited edition sticker with Joel Wilde's skull from the Nuclear Migration tour poster!Less
Select this reward
Pledge $10 or more
About $10 USD
1 backer Limited (499 left of 500)
What In The World Is A Lava Buddy?! Well, I'll tell you what it's not: it's not a pet rock, that's what it's not. A Lava Buddy is a piece of lava from Mt. St. Helens excavated by Kat Jones and placed lovingly into a box with air holes so that your buddy can breathe. His box has been specially designed and screenprinted just for this occasion, is hand signed and numbered, and he comes with a free download of Kat's new single "Muevete"! You can care for him, love him, throw him at zombies in case of an attack, or when you find yourself to be isolated in you ability to survive the apocalypse, you will still have a friend in your Lava Buddy.Less
Select this reward
Pledge $15 or more
About $15 USD
1 backer Limited (99 left of 100)
POSTER PRINT! Get an 11"x17" print of Joels Skull poster, signed by the artist, before anyone else gets a chance!Less
Select this reward
Pledge $15 or more
About $15 USD
3 backers Limited (97 left of 100)
POSTER PRINT! Get an 11"x17" print of Chelseas Art Nouveau poster signed by the artist, before anyone else gets a chance!Less
Select this reward
Pledge $20 or more
About $20 USD
11 backers
Two Full Length Digital Album Downloads and a digital single! You will receive the re-mastered copy of "La Rosa, La Calavera" by Kat Jones, a digital copy of her new single "Muevete" PLUS! you will receive a digital download of Minor Birds new album, "Hold Back All My Dark"!Less
Select this reward
Pledge $25 or more
About $25 USD
2 backers
GORIGAMI! Did I mention that both Chelsea and Joel are amazing artists? Well, out of the mind of Chelsea Wilde comes Gorigami! Think origami swan or squid but dead and with skeleton printed on the paper so that when you're done folding you essentially have something that looks a lot like a pterodactyl. This particular package is special because it A) is made of limited edition black cranes specifically for this tour and B) comes with one pre-folded piece of gorigami by Chelsea Wilde herself. Just in case you want to keep your paper in the package and collect it like a comic book! Cause it's really that awesome. http://www.etsy.com/listing/116351257/gorigami-crane-pack-1-redLess
Select this reward
Pledge $40 or more
About $40 USD
8 backers Limited (242 left of 250)
La Calavera! This package will provide you with a piece of art to display in your room which has been hand made by Kat Jones! This item will also come with a free digital download of the re-mastered "La Rosa, La Calavera." Your skull will be made of plaster and designed with themes from both La Rosa, La Calavera and her album "Dear Apocalypse" which is set for release in summer of 2013! Don't think Dia De Los Muertos, think modern art on a bad ass skull. You may choose one of 4 different designs, for example: one of them will be a skull painted with chalkboard paint and arriving with 2 pieces of chalk for you to write whatever you like on it, another will be covered in newsprint from the apocalypse!Less
Select this reward
Pledge $45 or more
About $45 USD
6 backers Limited (194 left of 200)
I NEED ALL THE MUSIC IN THE WORLD!!! With this incentive you will receive a limited edition copy of the "La Rosa, La Calavera" re-release with a handmade cover by Kat Jones, the physical copy of Minor Bird's new album "Hold Back All My Dark", and Kat's limited edition "Lava Buddy" (because "Pet Rock" is trademarked and lava from Mt.St. Helens is way cooler) with a free digital download of "Muevete" by Kat Jones.Less
Select this reward
Pledge $50 or more
About $50 USD
1 backer Limited (9 left of 10)
A PERSONAL VIDEO MESSAGE FROM BOTH ARTISTS WHILE THEY ARE ON TOUR TOGETHER! This incentive is fun. With this one we will record a video message just for you and email it to you from wherever we are, be it Dallas, SxSw, middle of nowhere New Mexico, or wherever we are when we decide to make the video. We will say your name and thank you for your contribution. We might even sing you a couple of songs :-)Less
Select this reward
Pledge $60 or more
About $60 USD
0 backers Limited (10 left of 10)
A HAND WRITTEN LYRIC! With this option you will receive a copy of the lyrics of any Kat Jones song you choose written by hand by Kat Jones on acid-free archival paper. 8 inches by 10 inches. She has very nice handwriting. We promise.Less
Select this reward
Pledge $75 or more
About $75 USD
0 backers
TOUR PHOTO BOOK!Less
Did we mention that Chelsea is a photographer by (other) trade? She will be documenting the entire tour with the help of her trusty 35mm camera and some black and white film...
Get all of these shots of our tour compiled into a lovely hardcover book.
Select this reward
Pledge $100 or more
About $100 USD
0 backers Limited (1 left of 1)
ORIGINAL TOUR POSTER ART #1 - Joel Wilde is also a talented illustrator and visual artist, as well as an amazing contra bass player. With this package you will receive THE hand designed artwork for the Nuclear Migration Tour. Joel will sign it for you and you can frame it and put it on your wall :-)Less
Select this reward
Pledge $100 or more
About $100 USD
0 backers Limited (1 left of 1)
ORIGINAL TOUR POSTER ART #2 - Chelsea Wilde is also a talented illustrator, visual artist, and photographer, as well as an amazing singer and piano player. With this package you will receive THE hand designed artwork for the Nuclear Migration Tour. Chelsea will sign it for you and you can frame it and put it on your wall :-)Less
Select this reward
Pledge $100 or more
About $100 USD
0 backers Limited (5 left of 5)
EITHER CHELSEA OR JOEL WILL DRAW YOUR VERY OWN PIECE OF ART! This incentive is amazing because you will get your own piece of original art in exchange for your hard earned dollar. Give them two words. Verbs. Adjectives. Nouns. It does not matter. They will take those words and run them through their brain filters and whatever comes out is what you get.Less
Select this reward
Pledge $300 or more
About $300 USD
1 backer Limited (9 left of 10)
WE WILL PLAY AT YOUR HOUSE! This might be our favorite incentive because then we get to see you! We will come and play a show at your house for your family and friends! We will drive to wherever you are, set up, and play a show for you! The ONLY stipulation is that we have to be able to get to you, so we need you to provide gas money as well, and we have to figure out which date will work with the tour. If you would like to invest in this incentive please email Kat Jones at email@example.com and she will route the tour to you and give you an estimate on how much gas money will cost you as well. Also! Thanks!!! We'll be so happy to see you!LessEstimated delivery:Ships to: Only United StatesManage your pledge
Funding period
- (15 days)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
horse.com > Supplements > Hoof Care > Item # SLT901337
promotional discount applied. Cart total will reflect savings.
Quantity discount will reflect in cart.
Sometimes, manufacturers require that products be advertised only at their suggested prices.
When we choose to sell these items for less, we display the sale price only in the cart. To see the price, click Add to Cart.
One-time delivery
Save 10% with Auto Ship
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Product Reviews by Customers
This item is not eligible for Canadian shipping.
Some items everyday price is so low we can't discount or we have marked down the item to a final sale price. These select items will not be included in your order total when determining if your order qualifies for a promotional event.


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text:
Versatile Horse and Rider Entry video :)
Well it is FINALLY complete, my application video for this years Versatile Horse and Rider competition at the Ohio Equine Affaire :) Dodger <3
AW, that is super nice@! I hope you win!
Thank you :)
Great video! I can tell you and your horse have a great relationship and have done a lot of work together! You both look wonderful! Good luck with the competition! :)
I can't tell if you're tiny, or he is huge, or a little of both. But you two look awesome together! Good luck!
LOL thank you both :) And Ponypile it is alittle of both for sure 4'11 to a 16.2 boy hehe!
84 Attachment(s)
I hope you get in!! Is this your first time at Equine Affaire? I was accepted into a couple clinics last year, and it's a fantastic experience. I'm applying again, for it really is great fun :) Let us know if you get that phone call!
What a great pair ~ good luck!
We should know something by March 3rd :) Thank you everyone!
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Junior Boys
Player of the week: Rigel Fernandes
Saturday, March 31, 2012
Rigel Fernandes, 15, of Mangalore, India, shot 1-over-par 145 (70-75) at Feather Sound Country Club in Clearwater, Fla. to win FCWT at Feather Sound by three shots.
This is the Fernandes' second FCWT victory of the season. He won FCWT Saddlebrook Resort Golf at Saddlebrook Resort's Saddlebrook course.
Join The Conversation


text:
Connecting a MIDI keyboard to your Linux system
A MIDI keyboard is a useful extension to any audio workstation. Learn how to connect a MIDI instrument to your Linux sound studio through a MIDI interface device.
Linux is growing increasingly competitive as an environment for composing and playing electronic music. One important feature of the New Music scene is an electronic keyboard that outputs digital information in MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) format. The MIDI protocol supports communication between electronic musical instruments and computers. MIDI does not transfer sounds, but sound descriptions, such as "play a C-sharp on a grand piano as a quarter note at 80 beats per minute." This approach makes it easier to encode sound events in a far more compact way than would be possible with real sound data streams. At the same time, you can use any suitable MIDI sequencer and a MIDI keyboard to load melodies directly into your computer, where you can then change the notes and beat, transpose the key, or use different instrument sounds for the arrangement.
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Read full article as PDF:051-055_music-studios.pdf (1.08 MB)
Dyreza Malware is Back
Powerful man-in-the-middle attack is now targeting online shopping.
Kernel Developer Matthew Garrett Forks the Linux Kernel
Another high-profile coder says the kernel team needs a kinder, gentler culture.
Bugzilla Bug
Bug database has a bug of its own that could allow an intruder to create an unauthorized account.
US Launches New Strategy for Broadband Access
Report focuses federal resources on achieving universal Internet access.
RC4 Finally Gets the Fork
Leading browser makers say "no" to porous encryption algorithm
IBM Says TOR Network a Vehicle for Ransomware
Report from the X-Force group says attackers are using TOR to hide their crimes
Mozilla Announces new Firefox API
Future Firefox extensions will be compatible with Chrome.
Weird Security Flaw Affected Intel Chips for 16 Years
Better read this if you bought your computer before 2011
OpenSSH 7.0 Secure Shell Arrives
Users should upgrade to the new version as soon as possible
Qemu Flaw Lets the Guest Escape
Xen project announces a privilege escalation problem for Qemu host systems


text:
Member Since:
October 19th, 2009
About Renee Kahn
Renee Kahn was born in New York City in 1945. She started painting at a young age. She attended the Art Student's League of New York and the High School of Music and Art. She majored in art at The City College of New York and for her Masters of Art in Teaching she went to Brown University.
Initially, Ms. Kahn taught fine arts, ceramics and art history in the Providence, Rhode Island school system . Her love of painting lead her to pursue that interest fulltime. Ms. Kahn exhibited locally in Rhode Island and nationally from the 1970"s until she moved to Charleston, SC in 2000.
Since moving to Charleston she has continued to exhibit nationally as well as in numerous locations in South Carolina.
Ms. Kahn's artwork has appeared in Transparent Watercolor by Inessa Derkatsch, and Revealing World Religions by Cynthia Eller.
She was instrumental in starting the group of artists known as the Professional Artists of Charleston.
Ms. Kahn's conceptual approach to the figure has been molded by memories, emotions and her reactions to body language. She expresses her emotions through body language, design and color. Her themes are family, religion, relationships, motherhood, and life's passages.
The goal in her paintings is to create maximum intensity using the least amount of means.
The Grape Bearer by Renee Kahn
The Sleeping Beauties by Renee Kahn
Shadows Move Among Us by Renee Kahn
Mother Earth by Renee Kahn
Shadow Talk by Renee Kahn
The Kite Flyer by Renee Kahn
Wash Day 2 by Renee Kahn
My Protector by Renee Kahn
The Prodigal Son by Renee Kahn
My Confidant by Renee Kahn
Looking Out Of The Red Tent by Renee Kahn
Keepers of Their Faith by Renee Kahn
Returning the Torah by Renee Kahn
The Card Players by Renee Kahn
I Just Don't Get It by Renee Kahn
Masaii Warrior by Renee Kahn
Heated Conversation by Renee Kahn
Heron In The Reeds by Renee Kahn
Flower Child by Renee Kahn
Father and Son by Renee Kahn
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- OSI-Approved Open Source (14)
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Streaming Software
Hot topics in Streaming Softwaresmartcam yourtube smart cam desktop client java camera camera softwares smartcam desktop client video mega cubo
- OS: SymbianOS ×
SmartCam - Smart Phone Web Camera - Turns a camera phone (S60, WinMo6.x, Android, Samsung Bada) with bluetooth or WiFi into a handy webcam ready to use with your PC2,136 weekly downloads
YourTube Pro
YourTube is an open source Qt-based YouTube video downloader for mobile phones.33 weekly downloads
Movino is a solution for streaming and broadcasting live video from smartphones16 weekly downloads
Fun TV
Fun TV is an app which lets you stream TV Channels directly through the built in video player or any other player that supports live streaming. Adobe Flash is absolutely not required. Fun TV is currently available for Symbian & Android.2 weekly downloads
V.R.C.C. (Video Remote Computer Camera) is a freeware and open source system that enables your smartphone to be used as a Webcam and lets you control the smartphone from the PC.1 weekly downloads
MiViBES - Mobile TV/Videobrowser
MiViBES is a Mobile interactive Video Browser Extended Software for mobile devices/smart phones to use a standard web browser simultaneously while playing a video on the same screen. Current supported platforms: S60 Symbian 9.1, Maemo OS2008 (soon)1 weekly downloads
This is a Instant Messenger for mobile(j2me enabled), Currently Supporting Jabber protocol.1 weekly downloads
Cloud of Witnesses
With an ear mounted Bluetooth Camera and a mobile phone app to store and post the video content to YouTube in real time we can change conditions such that cooperation and respect are the Nash equilibrium.0 weekly downloads
J2me media center remote control
A j2me application serving as a remote control for a media center.0 weekly downloads
Mobile Connect
Mobile Connect is a tool used to enable connection of mobile devices supporting J2ME, or other Mobile Operating Systems like Symbian. It can use connection like BlueTooth to transfer data and connect or emulate functions like SMS messaging using PC conne0 weekly downloads
This is an Open IP Multimedia Subsystem for mobile phones at application level. Initially the deployment will be on Symbian S60 platform, but can be ported to other operating systems (including PC based), in the future.0 weekly downloads
SlideME - Slide Messenger Extension
P2P Instant Messenger Extension Client to most IM's for sharing content amongst your friends using torrents.0 weekly downloads
VIPER PBX Project
vpbx VIPER PBX is a VIrtual Performance Enhanced Realtime PBX system integrating Asterisk & Asterisk Realtime API ASTARA with Erlang Softswitch & a VCC Voice Call Continuance server for secure scalable VPBX services for UMA,GSM & SS7 on Linux 2.6.18+.0 weekly downloads
Web Based Information Exchange Television System for Mobile Devices0 weekly downloads
s60cast is a SHOUTcast client for series 60 phones. It is meant work on all s60 phones, from the 7650 forward.0 weekly downloads
WEBIX.TV: Web Based Information Exchange Television System Rich Features: 1. UNIX/Linux Family of OSes supported 2. Mobile Communication Devices suppoted 3. UNICODE/Multilingual compliant 4. Digitally Certified0 weekly downloads


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Comfort Inn Wethersfield - Hartford
A stay at Comfort Inn Wethersfield - Hartford places you in the heart of Wethersfield, convenient to Mill Woods Park and Rocky Hill - Glastonbury Ferry. This hotel is within close proximity of Buttolph Williams House and Keeney Memorial Cultural Center. Read More About Comfort Inn Wethersfield - Hartford
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This resource provides a list of federal program officials in the neurosciences. An informal compendium of names and contact information for nearly 300 research grant and scientific review administrators in 21 organizational units.
URL: http://www.sfn.org/SiteObjects/published/0000BDF20016F63800FD712C30FA42DD/1304F8BE908CE526359306C138737F9F/file/NRF%20Contacts.pdf
Resource ID: nif-0000-09488 Resource Type: Resource Version: Latest Version
director, military, neurodegenerative disease, program officer, 2008, neuroscience
People Resource, Data Set
NRF Contacts
Neuroscience Research Funding Contacts in the Federal Government, Neuroscience Research Funding Contacts
NIH, NIMH, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,


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Shrimp Butter
- Total Time:
- 10 min
- Prep:
- 5 min
- Cook:
- 5 min
- Yield:
- 4 servings
- Level:
- Easy
- 1/2 pound (2 sticks) butter, at room temperature
- 1 tablespoon sherry
- 1 teaspoon lemon zest
- 1 teaspoon House Seasoning, recipe follows
- Cayenne pepper
- 2 (3-ounce) packages cream cheese, softened
- 2 tablespoons chopped onion
- 1 pound shrimp, shelled, deveined, and cooked
- Paprika, for garnish
Put all the ingredients except the shrimp and paprika into a food processor. Process until well mixed. Drop in shrimp and process until either pureed or chopped to desired consistency. (This recipe can be pureed to the consistency of butter or left with chunky pieces of shrimp). Garnish with paprika. Serve on crackers as an appetizer.
1 cup salt
1/4 cup black pepper
1/4 cup garlic powder
Mix ingredients together and store in an airtight container for up to 6 months.
Yield: 1 1/2 cups
Recipe courtesy of Paula Deen
Cooking Tips
More Recipes and Ideas
Herb-Crusted Shrimp
Recipe courtesy of Food Network Kitchen
Grilled Shrimp Cocktail with Horseradish Cream Dipping Sauce
Recipe courtesy of Rachael Ray
3.4 30


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Students Empowered by Software
Advances in computer graphics are bringing bold new dimensions to learning.
Recent advances in the field of computer graphics have particular significance for education. Sophisticated graphics application software running on powerful yet affordable desktop computers has opened new vistas in CAD, visualization, design, modeling, simulation, and animation. Just as important, the ability to combine these multiple software applications with a range of hardware tools has continued to improve, providing capabilities that exceed the sum of the parts. Educators are applying these integrated solutions to support educational objectives and, in many cases, to engage students in modes of learning and exploring never before possible.
Some of the most dramatic examples of how the latest graphics software is transforming the learning experience come from the disciplines of architecture and engineering. Architecture professors, for instance, have discovered that combinations of 3D programs allow students to solve design and construction problems in entirely new ways.
At the University of Houston College of Architecture's Computer Design Center, students take advantage of the dynamic rendering and visualization features of Autodesk's 3D Studio and AutoCAD applications to explore the aesthetics and functionality of architectural spaces.
"We're building computer models that allow students to experience the space they're designing and get more of an understanding of what it feels like to be a participant in that space," says Elizabeth Bollinger, associate professor and director of the center. "3D models let them experiment with conditions that affect the aesthetic quality of that environment, such as color, materials, and lighting."
Bollinger says 3D Studio's materials editing capabilities have proven especially valuable. Students can assign materials and textures to surfaces, either selecting from a built-in library or creating their own. Working on an addition to the Houston Arboretum and Nature Space, they photographed the wooded area surrounding the site, then scanned the photo into the materials editor and applied it to the windows on the 3D image of the interior. The final result helped community members visualize how the expansion would impact the surroundings. "You have the exact effect of looking outside the building and seeing what really exists there," says Bollinger. "That's a very powerful capability, because building a [computerized] 3D model of landscape elements is almost impossible."
Integration among AutoCAD, 3D Studio, and Autodesk's Animator Pro enables the university's architecture students to combine the best features of all three programs. Students routinely enhance animated sequences created in 3D Studio with Animator Pro's special effects, such as fades and dissolves.
There is perhaps no more striking example of the impact new graphics capabilities are having in education than enhancements to computer-aided design software. CAD has lately taken students beyond computerized production of engineering drawings--a relatively recent development in itself--to unprecedented realms of design manipulation and CAD/CAM integration.
"2D capabilities are being enhanced significantly," notes Alan Kalameja, head of the CAD department at Trident Technical College in Charleston, S.C. One powerful new 2D CAD feature Trident students learn is called extended entity data, which allows different kinds of data fields to be attached to design elements.
"Imagine a floor plan with door symbols and windows and appliances," says Kalameja. "You can tag a window with information such as the type of window, supplier, and cost. These attributes can then be used for bill of material extraction, through integration with either a third-party package or one of the popular database programs."
In manufacturing applications, attributes can be transferred to a manufacturing requirements planning (MRP) package, providing not only bill of materials extraction but additional functions such as inventory control and work cell machinery requirements. …


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Annual Washington Post Bucket Event 2010
Trainer Rachel Szukala keeps an eye on student Briena Rippy at the... Fotografia de notíciasAprender,Blackjack,EUA,Horizontal,Instrutor,Interesse Humano,Maryland - Estado,Mesa,Olho,Pessoa a Estudar,PosiçãoPhotographer The Washington PostCollection: The Washington Post 2013 The Washington PostGLEN BURNIE, MD - JAN 22: (L) Trainer Rachel Szukala keeps an eye on student Briena Rippy at the Black Jack table as she (Rippy) learns the fine points of the dealer position. Students learn what it takes to be a dealer at the Maryland Live! Casino as they take lessons from professional dealers in hopes of landing a job. Photo by Michael S. Williamson/The Washington Post via Getty Images


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Martin County 'fared fairly well' in Thursday's storm | Photos
Debra McCaughey, Martin County emergency management director, said she thought Martin County came through Thursday's storm fairly well, noting she thought 11 inches of rain fell in the Sailfish Point area of southern Hutchinson Island.
"Really, all in all, when you consider the amount of rain we had in the short amount of time, we fared fairly well," she said. "I have not gotten any reports of any homes with flood damage."
McCaughey said there were some roadways that had to be closed, but said Martin County appeared to have experienced fewer issues than surrounding areas.
McCaughey was in the Woodbridge mobile home community in Hobe Sound as officials were assessing wind damage that affected about 30 homes.
Martin County engineering crews reported that several areas experienced some flooding Thursday and spent Friday clearing blocked drains, documenting existing conditions and repairing erosion caused by the flood waters.
During the storm, many roads were impassable, including: Northeast Federal Highway, Northeast County Line Road, Southeast Commerce Avenue, Southeast Market Place, Southeast Waaler Street, Southeast Heritage Boulevard, Southeast James Street, and Southeast Conch Bar Avenue.
Many roadways in the coastal portion of the county experienced to 4 inches of flooding over the road crown during the peak of the storm.
The following conditions were also observed or reported:
- Several homes were threatened with flooding in the Hobe Heights subdivision during the storm. County crews sent two flood control pumps to the neighborhood to provide flood protection.
- There are three unconfirmed reports of house flooding on Southeast Bamboo Street, Southeast Craig Street and Southeast James Street. Water levels have receded in all three locations and county crews are inspecting the locations.
- Southeast Orange Blossom Trail in Poinciana Gardens subdivision was impassible Thursday night due to a fallen tree. County crews placed barricades at the tree overnight and removed the hazard Friday morning.
- Hyline Pond in Jensen Beach is nearly out of its banks, and crews were setting up a flood control pump Friday to reduce water levels pursuant to a state permit.
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1999 Chevrolet Tahoe • 64,000 miles
I have a 1999 tahoe seems no one knows how to change cabin filter they say remove 3 screws I dont have 3 screws I have 5 removed still cant see filter cant even get hush panel down maybe I dont have a filter please explain.
November 16, 2012.
November 16, 2012.
It may not have one, just because an auto partsstore lists one those arenormally aftermarket ones and they sell those to be INSTALLED in yours. If you have one the vent atright front of windshield will lift to put it in there.
Nov 16, 2012.
Nov 16, 2012.
This car has many issues. We replaced the transmission in March with a rebuilt one we also replaced the plugs and wires at around the same time. Soon after that we were having trouble ...
1 answer • 2005 Chrysler Pacifica • 170,000 miles
I have a 1999 Ford Escort with a leak. It's an automatic, and that's about all I know about cars. The leak is coming from a part in the transmission. I see three of these parts, but ...
2 answers • 1999 Ford Escort
Electrical problem 2003 Chevy Trailblazer 6 cyl Two Wheel Drive Automatic 76000 miles i have had the battery replaced 3 times at advanced auto parts. each time it last about 2 ...
1 answer • 2003 Chevrolet Trailblazer
Engine Mechanical problem 1994 Oldsmobile Bravada All Wheel Drive Automatic 155000 miles WELL - I BROKE THE ALTERNATOR BRACKET WHERE THE LONG BOLT GOES IN (I PUT THE BOLT THE ...
1 answer • 1994 Oldsmobile Bravada


text:
There are several unknowns as we hurtle toward the end of balloting for Oscar nominations January 14. (Here's the schedule.) What we do know: the race for best picture is still between The King's Speech and The Social Network, the popular heart-tugger vs. the more cerebral critics' fave (see the vot...Read More »
Quentin Tarantino has posted his favorite movies of 2010, all twenty of them. Unlike many critics, Tarantino has no problem with citing movies that are popular hits. And he's seen his share of obscurities as well. Tarantino is an Academy member, though not a typical one. His taste is catholic, rangi...Read More »
The box office continued tepid during what should have been a robust holiday period with North American families on vacation; it was down 26 percent from last year. For the year, the 2010 3-D-pumped domestic box office totaled $10.5 billion, down 0.3 percent from 2009's Avatar-inflated record of $10...Read More »
In Contention's Kris Tapley and I weigh the impact of year-end releases on the Oscar race. Will Another Year's Lesley Manville squeak into best actress contention, is Nicole Kidman hurt by the weak performance of Rabbit Hole? And what about frontrunner Natalie Portman's new pregnancy? What would it ...Read More »
At a horrendous Christmas weekend---which saw a 44% three-day drop in grosses over last year (flush with Avatar)---sequel comedy Little Fockers beat out adult western True Grit, the best--and widest--opening ever for a Coen brothers movie. It's likely that the well-reviewed oater will have longer le...Read More »
The Alliance of Women Film Journalists has posted its nominees for the 2010 AWFJ EDA Awards (full list is below). Nominated for Best Film are Black Swan, Inception, The King's Speech, The Social Network and Winter's Bone. Oddly, The Kids Are All Right received 16 nominations-- but not best picture. ...Read More »
Don't underestimate the Brit factor when it comes to Oscar influence. There are many Brit voters in the Academy. The London Critics Circle just gave boosts to two Brit films, The King's Speech (seven nominations, including Film of the Year, Brit film of Year and Actor of the Year, Colin Firth) and A...Read More »
Award season director contenders Darren Aronofsky (Black Swan), Lisa Cholodenko (The Kids are All Right), David O. Russell (The Fighter), Derek Cianfrance (Blue Valentine), Peter Weir (The Way Back) and Tom Hooper (The King's Speech) talk for 68 minutes, spending time on MPAA ratings and bad behavio...Read More »
Does Blue Valentine or Another Year or Biutiful still have a shot? Will Winter's Bone or The Town make it onto the Oscar Ten? In Contention's @KrisTapley and @GuyLodge and I read the Oscar tea leaves in the wake of the critics votes, Golden Globes, and SAG nominations. We explain why critics' fave T...Read More »
Both Gold Derby and the Gurus 'O Gold are predicting that The King's Speech and The Kids Are All Right will win their respective categories at the Golden Globes January 16. For what it's worth.Read More »


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Every year we hold events to benefit the Georgetown community. We promote fitness through walking and running on roads and trails throughout the year.
Please join us throughout the year in celebrating fitness by joining us as one of our races.
• Poppy 5K & Kids K – Saturday April 25th, 2015
9am – Georgetown High School
A 5k run/race that supports the Red Poppy Festival in Georgetown.
• The DAM Mile – Wednesday May 13th, 2015
6pm – Overlook Park, Lake Georgetown
This fun, club race is a one mile run (or walk) across the Lake Georgetown dam followed by a potluck dinner.
• Race To Build 5k/10k – Sunday June 14th, 2015
A new race in town to benefit the Habitat for Humanity of Williamson County.
• Turkey Trot – Thurs., November 26th, 2015
A 5 mile race held in Georgetown on Thanksgiving morning.
• Vern's No Frills' 5k – 3rd Saturday of each month
This flat, fast course costs only $1 for adults and is free for children. Since it is a no frills race, there are no awards and no food at the end of the race. Vern's shirts and GRC merchandise is sold at the race. Proceeds benefit Berry Springs Park.


text:
News Release
Texas Access to Justice Foundation
Texas Access to Justice Foundation Observes Prime Partner Bank
Recognition Month
The AUSTIN, Texas — The
Texas Access to Justice Foundation is recognizing banks and financial
institutions that help invest in justice through the Texas IOLTA
(Interest on Lawyers' Trust Accounts) program during
Prime Partner Bank
month in November. More than 70 banks and credit unions are committed to
being Prime Partners and directly benefit the funding of civil legal
services in Texas communities.
# # #The Texas Access to Justice Foundation (www.teajf.org), created by the Supreme Court of Texas in 1984, is the primary state-based funding source for the provision of civil legal aid in
Contact: Kimberly Schmitt
Recent News
Oct. 1, 2015
TAJF Announces Grants for Veterans' Legal Services
Sept. 8, 2015
Two New Members Appointed to the TAJF Board
July 30, 2015
TAJF Awards More Than $63 Million in Grants to 30 Legal Organizations for 2015-17
July 3, 2015
TAJF accepting new grant applications for legal services for victims of sexual assault and veterans
June 16, 2015
TAJF Names 2015 Equal Justice Works Fellows
June 3, 2015
Texas Legislature Provides Funding for State's Legal Aid System
May 17, 2015
All Texans should have access to the justice system - McAllen Monitor
May 6, 2015
HB 1079 Moves to Senate -- Addresses Critical Legal Aid Funding Shortfall
May 4, 2015Editorial: Texas must expand funding for legal aid - Dallas Morning News
March 31, 2015More state money is needed to provide legal representation for the poor - Austin American Statesman
March 18, 2015
Legal aid for poor merits legislative approval - San Antonio Express-News
Feb. 18, 2015
Legal Aid Funding Shortfall Creates Risk for Texans and the State - Highlights of Press Conference
Feb. 13, 2015
Press Conference on Legal Aid Funding to be held Feb. 18 at the Capitol
Nov. 10, 2014
Nov. 10-14 is Texas Veterans Legal Aid Week
Nov. 6, 2014
Texas Vets Deserve Access to Justice System - Fort Worth Star-Telegram
November 2014
November is Prime Partner Bank Recognition Month!
Oct. 30, 2014
LSC's 15th Annual Technology Initiative Grants Conference coming to San Antonio in January 2015
Oct. 20, 2014
Pro Bono Week Celebrated at Texas Access to Justice Luncheon
Sept. 12, 2014
TAJF Announces Grants for Veterans' Legal Services
TAJF Announces Grants to 30 Nonprofits for Civil Legal Aid
Sept. 3, 2014
Statement from the Chair on Bank of America Settlement, Funding Legal Aid
July 31, 2014Free Statewide Legal Services to Be Available Remotely on Texas DACA Day
July 1, 2014
Justice Guzman to lead Court's Access to Justice Efforts
June 6, 2014
Texas DACA Day to be Held Aug. 16
March 10, 2014
Growing Number of Texas Lawyers are Banking on Justice - Public News Service
Jan. 30, 2014
TAJF Honors William O. Whitehurst for Efforts in IOLTA Program's Beginning
Jan. 17, 2014
TAJF Marks 30th Anniversary, Joins With LSC For Panel, Texas Pro Bono Service Awards
January 2014
TAJF Turns 30 this year! See information about our Anniversary Kickoff Event, Jan. 23
December 2013
Read about "Success Stories" 2013 and how you can help TAJF write new stories
|© 2015 Texas Access to Justice Foundation
|Home | Privacy Policy | Site Map


text:
- NicaraguaRetailFunding via MiCredito
Elena AngelinaNicaraguaServicesFunding via MiCredito
Ana CeliaNicaraguaRetailFunding via MiCredito
Yessenia Del Socorro
Update on Yessenia Del SocorroYessinia lives in the municipality of Nindiri with her husband and children. Her future plans are to finish building her home. Between the two of them they divide the household expenses, because both work for a private company.
With this loan that she has been granted, she will buy materials for putting up another wall. This will effectively close off the home so that they can have greater privacy and security. She is grateful for the support from Afodenic and Kiva.
Previous Loan DetailsYessenia lives with her family in the Nindiri municipality. She works for a private company, just like her husband does. They struggle day to day in order to improve their living conditions. She is very happy to have the support of Afodenic through Kiva loans. With the loans she has gotten ... More from Yessenia Del Socorro's previous loan »
Additional Information
About AFODENICThis loan is administered by AFODENIC, La Asociación para el Fomento al Desarrollo Nicaragua, a Kiva Field Partner based in Managua, Nicaragua. Founded in 1999, AFODENIC was created to promote the socio-economic and cultural development of sectors that are excluded from commercial banking. Integrating economic and human resources, AFODENIC offers affordable and adaptable financial services aimed at strengthening the family unit of their clients, who include students, producers, and micro- and small entrepreneurs from rural and urban areas. AFODENIC is a socially responsible institution engaged in society and making a positive impact on its professional partners and communities.
Supporting a borrower through AFODENIC contributes to the pursuit of innovation in mitigating poverty in Nicaragua. Visit AFODENIC's partner page for more information.
Concurrent and Successive Loans
Our Field Partners often work with borrowers over a series of loans as the borrowers build credit, take out bigger loans, and expand their businesses. In order to make it easier for our Field Partners to post loans for borrowers who have been listed on Kiva before, we allow them to post successive and concurrent loans for their Kiva borrowers. This means that our Field Partners are able to post a borrower's second, third, etc., loan on Kiva without having to re-enter all of the borrower's information.
This borrower has been listed on Kiva before, so you'll see an updated loan description, as well as excerpts of the original descriptions from earlier loans. Most borrowers take out loans consecutively, meaning that they receive a second loan after having repaid the first. However, sometimes our Field Partners give out concurrent loans, allowing borrowers to take out one primary loan and a secondary "add-on" loan along with it. These "add-on" loans are typically smaller than the borrower's primary loan and serve a different purpose. Because Field Partners can now post loans as successive and concurrent loans, you will be able to track borrower progress over time and see the various ways a borrower is working with our Field Partners through funds from Kiva's lenders.
About Housing Loans
Many poor families cannot afford housing that meets their needs. When you make a housing loan on Kiva, you give people access to flexible capital to obtain or improve their homes. Better housing means better health, sanitation, and even educational outcomes for children. A house can also be much more for entrepreneurs who run businesses out of their homes. In this way, housing and small business loans on Kiva share a common purpose: to alleviate poverty and enable families to enjoy more stable lives.
About Nicaragua
68View loans »
- Repayment Term
- 20 months (Additional Information)
- Repayment Schedule
- Monthly
- Pre-Disbursed:
- Apr 22, 2013
- Listed
- Jun 3, 2013
- Currency Exchange Loss:
- Possible
- Expired:
- Jul 3, 2013


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WASHINGTON, DC, August 30, 2011The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) submitted comments to the US Food and Drug Administration on the draft guidance document titled, "Commercially Distributed In Vitro Diagnostic Products Labeled for Research Use Only or Investigational Use Only: Frequently Asked Questions." AMP is very concerned that this guidance could compromise the quality of patient care by severely reducing the availability of certain reagents and laboratory developed testing services that have become the standard of care for many diseases or conditions. Specifically, if enforced in its broadest sense without sufficient accommodations for low test volume or sufficient time for manufacturers to achieve submission compliance, the draft guidance document could result in reduced availability of testing services would limit a healthcare provider's ability to manage patient care, and ultimately limit patient access to new or improved molecular tests.
"Some products used for laboratory tests are available only as research or investigational use only products," explained AMP Professional Relations Chair Dr. Elaine Lyon. "If this guidance were to be finalized, we're concerned that patients won't be able to access tests such as those for Hepatitis C genotyping, newborn screening and HLA testing," added Dr. Lyon.
AMP supports FDA clearance and approval of research use only (RUO) and investigational use only (IUO) products, especially test kits and test systems. However, to prevent disruption of patient care, accommodations should be made to ensure continued patient access to critical tests as manufacturers come into compliance and/or instances where low test volume would deter a manufacturer from submitting an application to the FDA for that product.
"While AMP appreciates the FDA concern over the use of RUO and IUO products in laboratory developed tests, the Association questions the underlying assumption that the guidance will en
|Contact: Don Hunt, Lambert, Edwards & Associates
Association for Molecular Pathology


text:
By Rick Popely on September 21, 2013
Could you tell me which crossovers have rear air conditioning? I want a crossover but have to have rear air conditioning for my kids. We live in Texas.
Grace, Corsicana, Texas
Several three-row crossover SUVs are available with rear air conditioning, including popular models such as the Buick Enclave (and similar Chevrolet Traverse and GMC Acadia), Ford Explorer and Flex, Honda Pilot, Hyundai Santa Fe, Mazda CX-9, Nissan Pathfinder and Toyota Highlander.
The specifics can differ by brand and model, so they may not all have fully independent controls for the middle and third rows of seats, but they all have rear vents that should keep your kids cool during the summer deep in the heart of Texas. In some cases, rear air conditioning may be available only on certain models (such as the Highlander Limited), so you should be sure to check this out while shopping.
The Cars.com Vehicle Recommender can help with your search. Though rear air conditioning isn't one of the search criteria, you can sort SUVs based on other major comfort and convenience features, number of seats, price, fuel economy and other factors.
Have a car question you'd like us to answer? Send us an email at email@example.com.
Find the Right New Crossover
Research Crossover SUVs
Why Does Your Air Conditioning Need Recharging?
Contributor Rick Popely has covered the auto industry for decades and hosts a weekly online radio show on TalkZone.com . Email Rick


text:
By David Thomas on February 17, 2010
Kia has animated hamsters, but Subaru is letting real live dogs drive their vehicles in a series of humorous ads aimed at dog lovers. The concept is built around the fact that 50% of Subaru owners also own dogs. We're not sure the industry even tracks that stat.
The ads look strange because the car is moving as if a dog were actually driving it, with stilted movements and all. And while the dogs can do some things like pay cash for dog food, they can't parallel park. There are seven different ads on this Subaru site, but our favorite is the third one, where the two dogs get their parking spot nabbed by a rude kitty.
Subaru: Dog tested. Dog approved.
Managing Editor David Thomas has a thing for wagons and owns a 2010 Subaru Outback and a 2005 Volkswagen Passat wagon. Email David


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WASHINGTON -- In the scheme of things, how and whether people celebrate Valentine's Day doesn't usually qualify as one of the world's more pressing concerns.
We're at war, after all. Who cares whether men and women find each other in a romantic clutch on a day already corrupted by ceaseless commercialism?
But Valentine's Day does matter because, no longer a holiday of hearts and flowers, it has become a feminist political vehicle in the gender wars. Think armada.
Usurped in 1998 by Eve Ensler and her vagina warriors -- conscripts to Ensler's blockbuster play ``The Vagina Monologues'' -- Feb. 14 is now called ``V-Day.'' That stands for violence, victory and vaginas -- not exactly a compelling prompt to uncork the Veuve Clicquot.
Ensler's V-Day, unlike the lowly valentine, isn't a small gesture. It is an institution on many college campuses, a global movement and a multimillion-dollar industry aimed, at least initially, at stopping violence against women and girls.
No one can argue against such a noble cause, even if it does mean pretending that talking publicly about one's privates is a sign of intellectual vigor. But let's be honest as long as we're being open: The subtext of the monologues is implicitly anti-male -- misandrist messages pimped as high art.
For anyone left on the planet who doesn't know what the monologues are, they're a series of soliloquies in which characters wax indelicately about their delicates. Subjects include rape, incest, domestic battery, genital mutilation, lesbianism and, shall we say, self-discovery.
One can read Ensler's book in about two cups of coffee -- or two stiff drinks, if women rhapsodizing about their inner sanctum isn't your cuppa tea.
It can't be denied that Ensler hit the G-spot when she conceived of her one-woman play. Apparently, women around the globe were amazed and delighted to learn that other people had one, too!
Ensler has gotten rich and, to her credit, has raised more than $30 million to help oppressed and abused women, especially those in other countries where golf club memberships haven't yet risen to the level of a human rights issue.
Today the monologues are performed in dozens of countries and on hundreds of college campuses, with attendant smaller dramas that range from the silly to the obscene. Ubiquitous on participating campuses are orgasm workshops, sex toy parties, V-shaped lollipops and the occasional supersized dirigible.
Not to be a spoilsport, but it's not as though vaginas have only suddenly come to mankind's attention. And the Big O, though universally regarded with awe, is not advanced physics.
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What Are You Watching Tonight? Thur 5/24
What Will You Be Watching This Thursday Night?
What vacation calories count??? ;)
Quoting jbyrd898:
After my little one goes to bed, I am going to watch the second episode of Games of Thrones. Other than that nothing, because I have a weight watchers meeting. It wont go well. I was at the beach last week and ate like a pig.
I love renting movies from the library!
Quoting BeachMommy07:
Sex and the city movie I rented from the library
The Office and America's Got Talent, with Duets during commercials.