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A parametric approach to list decoding of
Reed-Solomon codes using interpolation
Mortuza Ali and Margreta Kuijper∗ †
April 15, 2011
In this paper we present a minimal list decoding algorithm for Reed-Solomon (RS) codes.
Minimal list decoding for a code C refers to list decoding with radius L, where L is the minimum
of the distances between the received word r and any codeword in C. We consider the problem
of determining the value of L as well as determining all the codewords at distance L. Our
approach involves a parametrization of interpolating polynomials of a minimal Gr¨ obner basis
G. We present two efficient ways to compute G. We also show that so-called re-encoding can
be used to further reduce the complexity. We then demonstrate how our parametric approach
can be solved by a computationally feasible rational curve fitting solution from a recent paper
by Wu. Besides, we present an algorithm to compute the minimum multiplicity as well as the
optimal values of the parameters associated with this multiplicity which results in overall savings
in both memory and computation.
1 Introduction
Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are important linear block codes that are of significant theoretical and
practical interest. A (n,k) RS code C, defined over a finite field F, is a k dimensional subspace of
the n dimensional space Fn. For a message polynomial m(x) = m0+ m1x + ··· + mk−1xk−1, the
encoding operation is to evaluate m(x) at x1,x2,...,xn, where the xi's are n distinct elements of
F. The rich algebraic properties and geometric structures of RS codes lead to the invention of a
number of efficient decoding algorithms such as Sugiyama algorithm [26], Berlekamp-Massey (BM)
algorithm [4, 20], and Welch-Berlekamp (WB) algorithm [28]. These classical decoding algorithms
guarantee correct decoding as long as the number of errors is upper bounded by t = ?(d − 1)/2?,
where d = n − k + 1 is the minimum distance of the code.
In classical decoding, the error correcting radius of t = ?(d − 1)/2? originates from the requirement
of unique decoding since for t > ?(d − 1)/2? multiple codewords within distance t from the received
word r may exist. One way to circumvent this limitation is to increase the decoding radius beyond
?(d − 1)/2? and allow the decoder to output a list of codewords rather than one single codeword.
However, such list decoding is only feasible if there are few codewords in the list. In [9] Guruswami
showed that for a code of relative distance δ = d/n, any Hamming sphere of radius ≤ n(1−√1 − δ)
around a received word r contains only a polynomial number of codewords. Therefore, a (n,k) RS
code with d = n−k+1 can be list decoded up to the error correcting radius of n−?n(k − 1) which
∗M. Ali and M. Kuijper are with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne,
VIC 3010, Australia email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com
†This work was supported by the Australian Research Council(ARC).
Guruswami named as the Johnson bound.
arXiv:1011.1040v3 [cs.IT] 14 Apr 2011
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A list decoding algorithm was first discovered for low rate RS codes by Sudan [25] and later improved
and extended for all rates by Guruswami and Sudan [10]. The Guruswami-Sudan algorithm can
correct errors up to the Johnson bound n −?n(k − 1). Given a received word r, the essential idea
most t values of i ∈ {1,2,...,n}. The Guruswami-Sudan algorithm finds these polynomials in two
steps: the interpolation step and the factorization step. In the interpolation step, it computes a
bivariate polynomial Q(x,r) that passes through all the points (x1,r1),(x2,r2),...,(xn,rn) with a
prescribed multiplicity s satisfying a certain weighted degree constraint (see [10] for the definition
of weighted degree). Then the bivariate polynomial Q(x,r) is factorized to find all the factors of the
form r−m(x), where m is a polynomial of degree less than k. Now a polynomial m is a valid message
polynomial if it is of degree less than k and m(xi) ?= ri for at most t values of i ∈ {1,2,...,n}.
The construction of Q(x,r) with the prescribed multiplicity and weighted degree constraint ensures
that for all valid message polynomials m, r − m(x) appears as a factor of Q(x,r). Even though the
algorithm may produce implausible polynomials, the total number of polynomials L in the list will
satisfy the bound L < (s + 0.5)?n/(k − 1), see [21].
tion of the bivariate polynomial Q(x,r). Computation of Q(x,r) involves solving a system of O(ns2)
homogeneous equations which using Gaussian elimination can be done in time cubic in the number
of equations [27]. Clearly the algorithmic complexity of the interpolation step is dominated by the
multiplicity s. Recently Wu [29] transformed the interpolation problem to a 'rational interpola-
tion problem' which involves smaller multiplicity. Given the received word r, Wu's algorithm first
computes the syndrome s of r followed by the computation of the error locator polynomial Λ and
error correction polynomial B using the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm. Wu demonstrated that all
valid error locator polynomials can be expressed as a parametrization of Λ and B. More specifi-
cally, given a list decoding radius t, Wu's algorithm aims at finding all polynomials λ and β such
that Λ?= λΛ + βB has at most t distinct roots. Wu showed that similar to the Guruswami-Sudan
approach, this problem can be reduced to a curve fitting problem but with significantly smaller
It may be observed that the set of all Q(x,r) ∈ F[x,r] passing through the points (xi,ri), for
i = 1,2,...,n, with multiplicity s is an ideal Is. From this observation several authors including
Alekhnovich [2], Nielsen and Høholdt [23], Kuijper and Polderman [16], O'Keeffe and Fitzpatrick [24],
and Lee and O'Sullivan [19], formulated the interpolation step of the list decoding algorithm as the
problem of finding the minimal weight polynomial from the ideal Is. Clearly the minimal weight
polynomial will appear as the minimal polynomial in a minimal Gr¨ obner basis of Iscomputed with
respect to the corresponding weighted term order. Lee and O'Sullivan also showed that the minimal
polynomial in the ideal Is can be computed more efficiently from a minimal Gr¨ obner basis of a
submodule of F[x]qfor a sufficiently large q1. Let F[x,r]q = {f ∈ F[x,r]|r-deg(f) < q}. Then
F[x,r]qcan be viewed as a free module over F[x]qwith a free basis 1,r,...,rq−1. Then the essential
observation of Lee and O'Sullivan is that the minimal polynomial of Is can be constructed from
the minimal Gr¨ obner basis of a submodule of F[x]qalong with the free basis 1,r,...,rq−1, for large
enough q.
In this paper we employ the theory of minimal Gr¨ obner bases to perform minimal list decoding.
Given the received word r, let L denote the value of dH(r,C) where
of the algorithm is to find all the polynomials m of degree less than k such that m(xi) ?= rifor at
The most computationally intensive operation in the Guruswami-Sudan algorithm is the construc-
dH(r,C) := min
Our main objective is to determine the value of L as well as all codewords c which are at a distance L
from the received word r. Clearly, if L is larger than the classical error correcting radius ?(d−1)/2?,
1Here the integer q is not related to the size of the field.
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the task is a list decoding operation. Our algorithm, unlike the Lee and O'Sullivan approach, starts
with computing a minimal Gr¨ obner basis G of a submodule of F[x]2, rather than F[x]q. We then
demonstrate that all valid message polynomials can be extracted from a parametrization in terms of
the elements of G. For computational feasibility, we show that this parametric approach, like Wu's
algorithm, can be translated into a 'rational interpolation problem'. However, our approach has at
least three features that distinguishes it from Wu's algorithm. Firstly, our parametric formulation
of the problem of list decoding, without the detour of syndrome computation, is simpler than Wu's
formulation. Secondly, while Wu's algorithm, for each valid Λ?, resorts to Forney's formula to
compute the error values, our algorithm immediately leads to a valid message polynomial. Finally,
we provide an algorithm to compute the minimum multiplicity along with the optimal values of the
associated parameters to be used in the rational interpolation step. Use of these optimal parameters
in the rational interpolation step results in savings of both memory and computation as compared
to Wu's algorithm.
The organization of the rest of the paper is as follows. In Section 2, we briefly review the relevant
theory of Gr¨ obner bases. In Section 3, we develop the theory and present the main algorithm
along with two ways to compute the minimal Gr¨ obner basis. In this section we also explain how
so-called re-encoding can be applied to the proposed approach.
parametric approach into a 'rational interpolation problem' and present an efficient algorithm for
the computation of the minimum value of the multiplicity and other parameters to be used in the
rational interpolation step. We demonstrate that the use of these optimal values of the parameters
results in less memory requirement as well as less computational requirement as compared to Wu's
approach. Finally we conclude the paper in Section 5.
In Section 4, we translate the
2 Preliminaries
The theory of Gr¨ obner bases for modules in F[x]qis generally recognized as a powerful conceptual
and computational tool that plays a role similar to Euclidean division for modules in F[x]. More
specifically, minimal Gr¨ obner bases prove themselves as an effective tool for various types of inter-
polation problems. In recent papers [18, 17] this effectiveness was ascribed to a powerful property of
minimal Gr¨ obner bases, explicitly identified as the 'Predictable Leading Monomial Property'. The
proofs in this paper make use of this property. Before recalling the PLM property let us first recall
some terminology on Gr¨ obner bases.
Let e1,...,eqdenote the unit vectors in Fq. The elements xαeiwith i ∈ {1,...,l} and α ∈ N0are
called monomials. Let n1,...,nq be nonnegative integers. In this paper we define the following
two types of monomial orders:
• The (n1,··· ,nq)-weighted term over position (top) order, defined as
xαei< xβej
:⇔ α + ni< β + njor (α + ni= β + njand i < j).
• The (n1,··· ,nq)-weighted position over term (pot) order, defined as
xαei< xβej
:⇔ i < j or (i = j and α + ni< β + nj).
Clearly, whatever order is chosen, every nonzero element f ∈ F[x]qcan be written uniquely as
f =
where L ∈ N, the ci's are nonzero elements of F for i = 1,...,L and the polynomial vectors
X1,...,XLare monomials, ordered as X1> ··· > XL. Using the terminology of [1] we define
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• lm(f) := X1as the leading monomial of f
• lt(f) := c1X1as the leading term of f
• lc(f) := c1as the leading coefficient of f
Writing X1= xα1ei1, where α1∈ N0and i1∈ {1,...,l}, we define
• lpos(f) := i1as the leading position of f
• wdeg(f) := α1+ ni1as the weighted degree of f.
Note that for zero weights n1= ··· = nq= 0 the above orders coincide with the reflected versions
of the standard TOP order and POT order, respectively, as introduced in the textbook [1].
Also note that, unlike with TOP, the introduction of weights does not change the POT ordering of
monomials. In this paper, weighted POT order is needed only because we need the associated notion
of 'weighted degree'.
We now recall some basic definitions and results on Gr¨ obner bases, see [1]. Below we denote the
submodule generated by a polynomial vector f by ?f?.
Definition 2.1 Let F be a subset of F[x]q. Then the submodule L(F), defined as
L(F) := ?lt(f) | f ∈ F?
is called the leading term submodule of F.
Definition 2.2 Let M ⊆ F[x]qbe a module and G ⊆ M. Then G is called a Gr¨ obner basis of M
In order to define a concept of minimality we have the following definition.
Definition 2.3 ([1, Def. 4.1.1]) Let 0 ?= f ∈ F[x]qand let F = {f1,...,fs} be a set of nonzero
elements of F[x]q. Let αj1,...,αjm∈ N0and βj1,...,βjmbe nonzero elements of F, where 1 ≤ m ≤ s
and 1 ≤ ji≤ s for i = 1,...,m, such that
1. lm(f) = xαjilm(fji) for i = 1,...,m and
2. lt(f) = βj1xαj1lt(fj1) + ··· + βjmxαjmlt(fjm).
h := f − (βj1xαj1fj1+ ··· + βjmxαjmfjm).
Then we say that f reduces to h modulo F in one step and we write
− → h.
If f cannot be reduced modulo F, we say that f is minimal with respect to F.
Lemma 2.4 ([1, Lemma 4.1.3]) Let f, h and F be as in the above definition. If f
or lm(h) < lm(f).
− → h then h = 0
Definition 2.5 ([1]) A Gr¨ obner basis G is called minimal if all its elements g are minimal with
respect to G\{g}.
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It is well known [1, Exercise 4.1.9] that a minimal Gr¨ obner basis exists for any module in F[x]qand
that all leading positions of its elements are different. In [18, 17] another important property of a
minimal Gr¨ obner basis is identified; the theorem below merely formulates a well known result.
Theorem 2.6 ( [18]) Let M be a submodule of F[x]qwith minimal Gr¨ obner basis G = {g1,...,gm}.
Then for any 0 ?= f ∈ M, written as
f = a1g1+ ··· + amgm,
where a1,...,am∈ F[x], we have
lm(f) =max
The property outlined in the above theorem is called the Predictable Leading Monomial (PLM)
property, as in [18].Note that this property involves not only degree information (as in the
'predictable degree property' first introduced in [5]) but also leading position information. Most
importantly, the above theorem holds irrespective of which monomial orders top or pot is chosen,
for a proof see [18].
Clearly, in the above theorem m = rank (M) and all minimal Gr¨ obner bases of M must have
rank (M) elements, no matter which monomial order is chosen. Furthermore, we have the following
Theorem 2.7 Let n1,...,nq be nonnegative integers and let M be a module in F[x]q. Let G =
{g1,...,gm} be a minimal Gr¨ obner basis of M with respect to the (n1,··· ,nq)-weighted top order;
denote ?i:= wdeggifor i = 1,...,m. Let˜G = {˜ g1,..., ˜ gm} be a minimal Gr¨ obner basis of M with
respect to the (n1,··· ,nq)- weighted pot order; denote˜?i:= wdeg ˜ gifor i = 1,...,m. Then
˜?i. (3)
G and˜G are bases for M (in a linear algebraic sense) that there exists a unimodular polynomial
matrix U ∈ F[x]q×qsuch that
col {g1,...,gq} = Ucol {˜ g1,..., ˜ gq}.
Without restrictions we may assume that the leading positions within each Gr¨ obner basis are strictly
increasing. Clearly it follows from the above equation that also
We first prove the theorem for the case m = q. It follows easily from the fact that both
where V = col {g1,...,gq}diag {xn1,··· ,xnq} and W = col {˜ g1,..., ˜ gq}diag {xn1,··· ,xnq} Since
U is unimodular we must have deg det V = deg det W. Clearly deg det V =?m
it follows immediately from (4) that the maximum degree of all minors of V equals the maximum
degree of all minors of W. On the other hand, the maximum degree of all minors of V clearly equals
i=1?iand deg det
W =?m
i=1?iand similarly the maximum degree of all minors of W equals?m
i=1˜?ifrom which (3) follows. Next, we prove the general case m ≤ q. For this, we note that
i=1˜?i. The theorem now
We call the sum in (3) the (n1,··· ,nq)-weighted degree of M, denoted by wdeg (M). For zero
weights n1= ··· = nq= 0 the above result expresses that the sum of the degrees of a (reflected)


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A Laggard in the Race, but a Leader Nonetheless That Russia Is Holding Its First Presidential Election at All Is a Tribute to Candidate Mikhail Gorbachev
John M. Florescu. John M. Florescu is executive producer of "Talking with David Frost. ", The Christian Science Monitor
When the history of the 20th century is written, not many leaders will have played a more influential role than the last president of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev. The man who presided over the collapse of communism and the winding down of the superpower arms race - who arguably brought more freedom to more people than anyone since decolonization - is now battling at the bottom of the Russian electoral heap in his quest for the Russian presidency.
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With the world nervously focused on Russia's uncertain future, it seemed a good time to ask a few questions. We arrived in Moscow during the home stretch of Russia's first presidential campaign to tape an interview for the long-running PBS series, "Talking with David Frost."
We found that Moscow cab drivers have a different take on Gorbachev than the world's diplomatic elite. They speak dismissively about the man who had replaced a rapid triple succession of Kremlin hard-liners. Blame flows mercilessly (and recklessly) in Gorbachev's direction: the loss of an empire, the rise of the deadly Russian mafia, dwindling state subsidies for the elderly. Not even high schoolers, who blithely rollerblade in black hip-hop clothing around the periphery of the Kremlin walls, seem to have a touch of indebtedness to the father of glasnost and perestroika. Indeed, it almost seems impossible that one person could be blamed for so much. Gorbachev's poll ratings hover at 2 percent.
Since Gorbachev resigned on Christmas Day, 1991, his personal empire has moved about eight miles from the 13th-century Kremlin to a sixth-floor, mock Athenian-style building at 49 Leningrad Prospekt. It is here that the Gorbachev Foundation, an ecological think tank, is discreetly housed in the second floor of a building that was described to me as a financial accounting institute. A dreary, Russian-speaking soldier stood at the front door holding a machine gun.
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"Let's go on. Let's begin," he said with the firmness of one accustomed to giving orders.
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January 15, 2010
Back to football for Myron Rolle
Gene Williams
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After a year away from football, former Florida State safety Myron Rolle will put on the helmet and pads again in a couple weeks.
For the first time ever, the Senior Bowl has invited a player to participate in the annual college all-star game that didn't play football in his senior year. And Rolle had a good reason for staying off the gridiron in 2009. For the past few months he has been following up on his Rhodes Scholarship at Oxford University (England) working to earn an M.A. in medical anthropology.
"I really wanted to live out both of my dreams of being a Rhodes Scholar and reaching the pinnacle of academia, and being a professional football player," Rolle said. "The opportunity that I have to play in the Senior Bowl is one that I will certainly cherish and value because NFL teams and scouts haven't seen me in a year. This will be the first time I'm on a stage with some other talented players to display my ability and show that I haven't lost any of my athleticism over the past year."
The switch in focus from academics back to football is in order to prepare for the April NFL draft.
As has been his goal since he set foot on Florida State's campus back in 2006, Rolle has set his sights on this year's draft. To prepare for the NFL's annual right of passage, Rolle understands that he must be ready physically and mentally for the pre-draft workouts and February Combine. To get in the best shape possible, he has been in Orlando the past few weeks working with strength and conditioning guru Tom Shaw.
But even before taking part in Shaw's grueling daily workouts, the former Seminole safety did his best to stay in shape even though he was 4,500 miles from Tallahassee.
"While I was in England I was staying in shape as well. Coach Shaw provided me with a booklet to train and provided me with a lot of different equipment to use in preparation," Rolle said. "I did have opportunity to work out with the rugby team as well, the blues team - the varsity squad... I think my fitness and stamina will be okay. The only thing I haven't done in a year is really hit somebody and been physical. Once I get that first hit out of my system I think it will be like normal again."
When Rolle steps on the field for the first practice on January 25th, he will see some familiar faces. Former defensive teammates Dekoda Watson and Patrick Robinson have also been invited to play in the senior bowl and FSU's Rhodes Scholar is looking forward to the reunion.
"We train every day together here in Orlando," Rolle said. "They are doing very well... We are very excited to play again with each other. We compete every day at the training facility. The chance to be on the same side of the field again is very exciting for all three of us."
When all is said and done where does Rolle expect to fall in the draft?
"I could be a second or third round pick with a good performance and strong workouts," he said.
The 2010 Under Armour Senior Bowl is scheduled for Saturday, January 30, 2010, in Mobile's Ladd-Peebles Stadium. Kickoff is scheduled for 3pm (CT) and it will be nationally-televised by the NFL Network.
Gene Williams is the founder and administrator of Warchant.com and writes stories and features covering all of FSU's sports with an emphasis on football and football recruiting. For seven years, Williams hosted a weekly sports radio show in Tallahassee. He currently appears as a weekly guest on 1010 XL Sports Radio in Jacksonville and 1270 The Team in Tallahassee during football season. Williams is also a former ACC correspondent for College Football News (weekly national newspaper), and contributes to The Osceola. Story about Gene Williams & Warchant.com.
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Closing gap a glimpse into the future of RWC
Matthew Burke 4:18 PM 'Hello and welcome to 2019 Rugby World Cup semi-finals where the feelgood story of the tournament is host ... Japan'. Imagine if those words were spoken during the coverage of next World Cup.
McMahon unfazed by Welsh job ahead
Chris Dutton World Cup rookie Sean McMahon will draw on schoolboy experience to ensure he is up to the biggest challenge of his career when he joins a back-row masterclass at Twickenham.
Gregan, Davies on Wallabies v Wales
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Wales make wholesale changes
Weight difference no worries for Giteau
Mitchell chases down Jonah Lomu
We're not scared of Cheika: Mumm
Editor's picks
Full 2016 Super Rugby Draw
Draw is packed with highlights for Australian Rugby fans.
If your team was a band....
James Polson Still haven't been able to pick a second (or first) side for the World Cup? From ABBA to Anthrax, consult our scientific guide to find out which musical act your pick best resembles.
Your ultimate Cup teams guide
Richard Shute, James Polson, Phil Lutton and Rupert Guinness We bring you all the predictions for every World Cup pool, viewing times for television and betting on all 20 nations contesting the rugby championship tournament to be held in England and Wales.
Picamoles back to face Ireland
9:05 PM Number eight Louis Picamoles will start France's Rugby World Cup Pool D decider against Ireland.
Rugby shamed by Pacific treatment
David Campese Why would the likes of Fiji, Tonga and Samoa want to keep coming back to the World Cup to be treated like this?
Lean Beale ready for challenge
Chris Dutton A "lean and hungry" Kurtley Beale has the spark to ensure the Wallabies inflict more pain on Wales.
McMahon named for Wales clash
Chris Dutton Sean McMahon will go from medical hero to the World Cup cauldron when the Wallabies unleash their raging bull on Wales.
'Not the smartest thing I've done'
Chris Dutton Giteau says he got "caught in the moment" for a match-sealing swan-dive that hammered the final nail into England's World Cup coffin.
All Blacks loss a valuable lesson
Chris Dutton Michael Cheika has warned his players to expect a "boot to our backside" if they rely on momentum against Wales.
#BlameBurgess goes nuclear
Richard Shute Late to work this morning? Weather not to your liking? No worries, just blame Big Sam.
Wales haunted by Wallabies record
Chris Dutton The Wallabies' World Cup squad record holds a remarkable 117-6 win-loss record.
Insight & Analysis
The Wallabies' work in England is done
Malcolm Knox 12:05 AM To catch rugby fever at full tide and share in the excitement, the Wallabies should jump on a plane and come home now.
Rogers all praise for a 'calm and cool' Foley
Rupert Guinness 1:11 AM Former Wallabies and NRL playmaker Mat Rogers has given the thumbs up to Wallabies coach Michael Cheika for picking the "calm head' of Waratah Bernard Foley for the No. 10 jersey.
Wallabies must overcome Welsh 'hwyl'
Spiro Zavos The Wallabies will find Wales easier and harder to defeat than England. Easier, because the psychological pressure is off them. Harder, because Wales pose more problems.
English woes will last for years
Paul Cully A thousand glasses will be raised to the name of Bernard Foley after the Wallabies' superb 33-13 against England on Saturday night.


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Researchers have identified an elusive gene responsible for Gray Platelet Syndrome, an extremely rare blood disorder in which only about 50 known cases have been reported. As a result, it is hoped that future cases will be easier to diagnose with a DNA test.
The findings were made following a collaborative study by Professor Willem Ouwehand and Dr Cornelis Albers, who are both based at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and the University of Cambridge, and Dr Paquita Nurden, from the Rare Platelet Disorders laboratory, based in Bordeaux, who have described how they achieved this.
Platelets are the second most abundant cell in the blood. Their main task is to survey the blood vessel wall for damage and to orchestrate its repair where required. On the flip side, platelets also play a "darker" role after vessel wall damage and cause blood clots that may lead to heart attacks or stroke.
Some people are born with platelets that do not function well and these rare conditions are thought to be inherited. Gray Platelet Syndrome poses a risk of bleeds, some of which can be severe and life threatening, e.g. if they occur in the brain. Gray Platelet Syndrome was first identified in the 1970s and is named for the grayish appearance of these platelets when viewed with a microscope.
Identifying the cause of increased bleeding in young patients has been a painstaking process. An important step in translating research findings in human genetics in improvements of patient care has focused around the need to develop simpler and rapid DNA-based diagnostic test. To achieve this, researchers needed to discover the gene responsible for the rare platelet bleeding disorders.
In the past it was a major challenge to discover which genes caused rare disorders because DNA samples from numerous large families affected by the same disorder had to be identified and genetically analysed to pinpoint the region harbouring the causative gene.
|Contact: Don Powell
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute


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William M. Cooper, MACP
William M. Cooper, MACP, a former College Governor and distinguished hematologist, died on Sept. 12, 2006. A resident of Fox Chapel, Pa., he was 87 years old.
Dr. Cooper graduated from Hahnemann Medical School in Philadelphia in 1943. He served with the First Army in Europe during World War II before his residency in internal medicine at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. He completed a fellowship in hematology at the Cleveland Clinic, and in 1951, helped to found the Central Blood Bank of Pittsburgh, where he served as founding medical director.
A member of the faculty at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Dr. Cooper also served as vice chancellor for the Pitt Schools of Health Professions. He was medical director of the Pittsburgh Skin and Cancer Clinic, and in 1987, at the age of 69, he graduated from the University of Pittsburgh School of Law. In 1995, the William M. Cooper Endowment Chair in Medicine became the first teaching chair in the history of Shadyside Hospital.
During his long membership in the College, Dr. Cooper served as Governor for Pennsylvania's Western Region in 1964-1970. He received the Western Pennsylvania Laureate Award in 1985 and was awarded Mastership in 1999.
Michael M. Karl, MACP
Michael M. Karl, MACP, a former College Governor and nationally renowned internist, died on Nov. 22, 2006. A resident of Richmond Heights, Mo., he was 91 years old.
Dr. Karl received his medical degree from the University of Louisville in 1938. In 1940, he joined the faculty of Washington University School of Medicine, where he was named professor in 1972. In 1946, he introduced needle biopsy of the liver in Missouri. Dr. Karl also co-founded the Maryland Medical Group in St. Louis, where he practiced medicine for almost 50 years.
As a member of the national advisory committee of the White House Conference on Family in 1978-1980, Dr. Karl was among the first to call for family leave protections for working parents. He was also an active proponent of medical education and national health insurance and was a co-organizer of one of the first health clinics for the poor in St. Louis, the Jeff-Vander-Lou Medical Clinic.
Dr. Karl was one of few general internists to become a member of the Institute of Medicine and was honored with numerous teaching awards, as well as being named the Most Distinguished Internist by the Osler Society in 1964.
Dr. Karl served as Governor for the Missouri chapter in 1983-1987. Among many awards, Dr. Karl was honored by the ACP with the Missouri Laureate Award in 1988 and the Ralph O. Claypoole Sr. Memorial Award in 1990. He became a Master in 1991.
Charles A. Rosenberg, FACP
Charles A. Rosenberg, FACP, a former College Governor and senior Veteran Administration official, died on Feb. 9, 2007. A resident of Boca Raton, Fla., he was 85 years old.
Dr. Rosenberg received his undergraduate and medical degrees from Syracuse University, before interning at Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago. He completed residencies at the Binghamton (N.Y.) City Hospital, University of Utah Medical Center and the New York Diabetes Camp. As a member of the U.S. Naval Reserve Medical Corps, Dr. Rosenberg served in World War II and the Korean War.
During a long and distinguished career with the Veteran's Administration, Dr. Rosenberg served at V.A. facilities in Syracuse, N.Y., Memphis, Tenn., Albany, N.Y., Batavia, N.Y., Washington, D.C. and Miami, Fla. He held positions including assistant chief medical director for policy and planning and chief of staff of a medical center. A committed educator, he taught at the medical schools of the University of Utah, University of Tennessee, University of Rochester and George Washington University, and the University of Miami. He also conducted research, particularly focused on diabetes and endocrinology.
Dr. Rosenberg served as Governor for the Maryland chapter of ACP from 1969 to 1975. He received Fellowship from the College in 1961.
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'X-Files' Reboot is Adding Mulder And Scully Look-Alikes to the Cast
Robbie Amell and Lauren Ambrose look a little familiar, no?
Robbie Amell and Lauren Ambrose look a little familiar, no?
Listen to "Don't Touch My Ascot," the humorous new song Kiss recorded for the animated movie 'Scooby-Doo! and Kiss: Rock and Roll Mystery.'
The Ghostbusters director and co-writer revealed the uniforms to be worn by Melissa McCarthy, Kristen Wiig, Leslie Jones and Kate McKinnon.
Led Zeppelin weren't the first rock 'n' roll band to be given their own record label, but they were among the most successful.
You can wait until Halloween, but you still won't be as terrified as you will be when you watch this real-life exorcism.
Elton John will be celebrating a milestone on Monday.
The singer will be marking his 100th performance of his Las Vegas show The Million Dollar Piano, and it appears he isn't about to stop anytime soon.
A number of classic rock artists highlight the list of exclusives on tap for Record Store Day 2015, which takes place on April 18.
Early Lloyd, the first African-American to play in the NBA, passed away Thursday. He was 86.
Nowadays when a big chain like Krispy Kreme gives away something free, it usually means it's some national day or so half holiday.
For instance, there were free doughnuts on Halloween. What says ghosts and goblins more than free fried sugar glazed dough?
Oreo Cookies have a knack of being flavored or colored just in time for holidays. Easter and Halloween flavored and colored Oreos hit the stores weeks before the special days.
Kaley Cuoco-Sweeting opened up about her marriage, her career and her breast implants in the February 2015 issue of Redbook.
'Tis the season to be gift giving.
Well, maybe not.


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Contest update
OK, gang, the entry period for the September contest, with the theme "My Neighborhood", ended at midnight last night, and we have 106 photos (I'll finish posting the stragglers later today). A few more that were added at the last minute to brand-new Flickr accounts may take a day or two to show up.
Because so many people complained that it is too difficult to fairly assess each photo when you have dozens and dozens to review, this evening, Globe assistant photo editor John Blanding will help me cull the entries down to the 50 best photos for voting.
We'll then take a day or two to make sure all of those 50 make it into the Voting Machine, oil the gears, and open voting Friday or Monday.
Meanwhile, voting for the October theme has ended as well, and the winner is ... Up Close, with 30% of the vote. Motion was second with 26%, followed by Silhouettes, 21%; Curves, 12%, and The Color Purple, 11%.
We'll open entries for the October contest soon and set up another poll for November. Thanks to all who submitted neighborhood photos -- and thanks as well for all of your suggestions. I can't tell you how much I appreciate how much you're helping improve this site every week.
Featured Photographer
Life and wildlife in Madagascar


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Piece Description
You are viewing a wonderful pair of English Hepplewhite chairs with amazing hand painted designs. True to the Hepplewhite aesthetic, these have the gorgeous shield backsplat hand carved with the distinctive festoon. The chairs also have the classically fluted legs and elegant arms. They are very comfortable to sit in, solid and sturdy with no wobbles to the joints. The seats have been reupholstered with a light green fabric, so these are free from any previous owners smells such as smoke and pets. Perhaps the best feature is the hand painted designs on every part of the chair. Flowers, rosettes, garlands, arabesques and various other Hepplewhite features are offered in intricate abundance, a real feat of painting and timely to boot. These are a design classic, perfect in all interiors, both classic and contemporary and this stunning quality pair are offered in perfect condition. George Hepplewhite (1727? - June 21, 1786) was a cabinet and chair maker. He was one of the "big three" English furniture makers of the 18th century, along with Thomas Sheraton and Thomas Chippendale. There are no pieces of furniture made by Hepplewhite or his firm known to exist but he gave his name to a distinctive style of light, elegant furniture that was fashionable between about 1775 and 1800. Reproductions of his designs continued through the following centuries. One characteristic that is seen in many of his designs, but not all of them, is a shield-shaped chair back, where an expansive shield appeared in place of a narrower splat design.
Dimensions are in inches:
Height x Width x Depth
40 x 22 x 21 Seat: 19.5
Dimensions are in CM:
Height x Width x Depth
102 x 56 x 53 Seat: 50
Piece: 1258051070
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Walnut Regency Ice Bucket Planter Peat Pot Wine Cooler ...
Victorian Ice Bucket Planter Pot Walnut Brass Inner Peat ...
French Empire Stool Chaise Longue Seat Day Bed ...


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The doctor measures the College Boys heart rate while they Fuck and Suck each other!
More Galleries from College Boy Physicals Click to see all 702 Galleries
There are 2 comments on this gallery
alterego September 25, 2012 - 11:34:05 (See all My Comments)
Wow, this looks like a good one.Reply
marcuspig September 24, 2012 - 16:50:55 (See all My Comments)
Looks like a fun experiment! Can we join in as a guinea pig?!Reply


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Have something with protein before you workout.
How do I live this healthy lifestyle? How do I keep positive??
I mean EVERYTHING...what you ate, how you felt before and after you ate, what your workouts were, how hard or easy it felt when you were doing it, how you felt before and after, why you skipped a workout, your general mood, your motivation level...anything you can think of. This can help identify trends and gives you items to compare to find what's working and what isn't.
I go from eating meat meals to eating meatless meals and I change my workout routine.


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You may also like
Rate Dr. Brent C. Morgan
Dr. Brent C. Morgan's Ratings
Luckily for me I was looking for a Dr. that could fix what was wrong with me (ruptured disc L-4,L-5) and get me back to work as a firefighter. I like an all business approach and wasn't looking for a fluffy feel good experience. Dr. Morgan was extremely professional and very matter of fact., exactly what I wanted. I've seen him on two different occasions. The first visit he recommended steroid injections due to a bulging disc. Unfortunately 4 years later I suffered a more significant injury and he recommended surgery. I am now 6 years post surgery and have lived a complete pain free life since the surgery. I have been able to perform all duties of a firefighter and feel that in am currently in the best shape of my career. I feel that Dr. Morgan delivered exactly what he said the surgery would do for me. I have and will continue to recommend him to fellow co-workers, family and friends. Thank you Dr. Morgan.
Was this rating useful? 1 [[ userState['ratings'][2712097].votes_count ]]
I've never been a patient of Dr. Morgans, but i have worked with him many times in surgery. He is one of the most arrogant persons you will ever meet. Treats his co-workers extremely poorly. The other negative reviews on this site don't surprise me at all. My advice is to find someone else who will treat you with respect.
Was this rating useful? 0 [[ userState['ratings'][2630320].votes_count ]]
Dr. Morgan was very good to me. I saw him 7 years prior for the same issue, herniated discs in c5/6, and c6/7 plus spinal stenosis. He did not do surgery the first time, though I suspect many would. The second bout with this issue he did lay out all the treatment options, but recommended surgery. He answered all of my questions, told me what to expect and treated me courteously and with respect. He isn't someone you go to for small talk, but, wasn't arrogant or telling me I had to have one option over another. His staff has been very good, always helpful and cheerful. they have been very knowledgable and have answered all questions cheerfully and accurately. I highly recommend him.
Was this rating useful? 0 [[ userState['ratings'][2149095].votes_count ]]
Great neurosurgeon. Very conservative. Treated my wife without surgery and she is better even though other surgeon recommended surgery
Was this rating useful? 0 [[ userState['ratings'][2149094].votes_count ]]
This surgeon is good only if you are having alight threating illness and there are no other doctor. He is good at what he does, may be he is better. This doctors doesn't not explain much and doesn't calm his patient beside just looking or exploring for his surgical interest. Its the bad attitude and non-sympahetic and caring part that bothered me the most. If you get a wrong test done and it is not exactly as he told you. His attitude starts from that and usually he doesn't spend much time with patient to discuss or calm them down and show them treatment options. ONCE AGAIN YOU GOD TO HAVE SURGERY AND NO OTHER OPTION GO HERE. It is my personal experience and Opinion. Take and please take second or third or more opinion before any surgery. good luck folks God bless you all.
Was this rating useful? 1 [[ userState['ratings'][2149093].votes_count ]]
Top knotch DR. He was very knowledgable and saved my sisters life as far as i am concerned.
Was this rating useful? 0 [[ userState['ratings'][2149092].votes_count ]]
Some of the negative reviews below are shocking to me. I had a wonderful experience with Dr. Morgan. His office staff was very pleasant and helpful. Dr. Morgan was very knowledgeable and answered all my questions. I didn't find him arrogant at all like some of the reviews stated. He seems to be a very conservative doctor. I would highly recommend him.
Was this rating useful? 0 [[ userState['ratings'][2149091].votes_count ]]
I should have listened to the other reviewers and picked another doctor. The appt. person was "not available" the 1st 2 1/2 days I called. I was told the appt. would be 45min to 1 hr in length, it was more like 20 min., 18 of which was spent w/ the physician assistant, answering questions that were already answered on the multiple pages of paperwork I had filled out. Dr. Morgan himself is arrogant, does not give the patient a chance to ask questions, dictates the plan of action and leaves the room. PERIOD If you want a physician who asks questions, asks if you have questions or has ANY bedside manner, this is NOT the doc for you, in my humble opinion.
Was this rating useful? 1 [[ userState['ratings'][2149090].votes_count ]]
Br. Morgan was one of the worst doctors I have ever meet. He was too arrogant to give answers to any of our questions. He did not bother telling the family that he had made a slight mishap while he did a brain surgery on my brother. He also was too disrespectful to me, the sister who is able to communicate in high level, and the family put in charge of gathering information. We are lucky he did not kill our brother. He also did an open brain sugery only assisted by a PA, and no other surgen in the OR with this major surgery. He has the skill, but not to the degree to think that he can play God with other people's life. I would not recommend him, or the dirty hospital the new Methedist in Richardson, TX. I had to ask a nurse to wash her hands before handling a post-brain surgery patient twice in the same day. The ICU smeeled like public bathroom! Dr. Morgan needs to take an interpersenal relations workshop. Please get help for your anti-social behavior
Was this rating useful? 1 [[ userState['ratings'][2149089].votes_count ]]
True, Morgan doesn't have a great personality, but he is an excellent physician. He has operated on my lumbar very successfully and removed a tumor from my wife's lumbar 100% good.
Was this rating useful? 0 [[ userState['ratings'][2149088].votes_count ]]
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This Excel tutorial explains how to use the Excel LINEST function with syntax and examples.
The Microsoft Excel LINEST function uses the least squares method to calculate the statistics for a straight line and returns an array describing that line. The LINEST function uses the following line equation:
y = mx + b (for a single range of x values) y = m1x1 + m2x2 + ... + b (for multiple ranges of x values)
The syntax for the LINEST function in Microsoft Excel is:
LINEST( y_values, [x_values], [constant], [additional_statistics] )
The LINEST function can be used in the following versions of Microsoft Excel:
The LINEST function can be used in Microsoft Excel as the following type of function:
Let's look at some Excel LINEST function examples and explore how to use the LINEST function as a worksheet function in Microsoft Excel:
This first example we have entered the y values in column A (cells A2 through A6) and the x values in column B (cells B2 through B6). Then we have entered the following LINEST function in both cells D2 and E2 as follows:
=LINEST(A2:A6,B2:B6,TRUE,FALSE) Result: 0.5
The LINEST function can be written as an array formula. When creating your array formula, you need to do the following:
This creates {} brackets around your formulas as follows:
{=LINEST(A2:A6,B2:B6,TRUE,FALSE)} Result: 0.5
You can see how the formula look in the images below.
The value in cell D2 returns the slope of 0.5 and the value in cell E2 returns the y-intercept of 0.
This formula could also be written as follows (entering values instead of cell ranges):
=LINEST({2,3,5,7,10},{4,6,10,14,20},TRUE,FALSE) Result: 0.5
The LINEST function can be written as an array formula. When creating your array formula, you need to do the following:
This creates {} brackets around your formulas as follows:
{=LINEST({2,3,5,7,10},{4,6,10,14,20},TRUE,FALSE)} Result: 0.5
(scroll to see more)
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Waterfronts: Ventura's Klatt wins Mallory Trophy
Deke Klatt of Ventura Yacht Club won the Mallory Trophy, symbolic of the U.S. Adult Sailing Championship, last weekend on Lake Ontario.
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Walk-Ins Welcome!
Why Tan With Us?
- We are locally owned and operated.
- We are members of the Walla Walla Chamber of Commerce and the International Smart Tan Network, holding us to higher standards of professionalism and education.
- Our employees are certified in the administration of ultraviolet light.
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*Last Tan is 20 Minutes Prior to Closing*
Closed Easter, Mothers Day, Memorial Day, July 4th, Thanksgiving, Christmas & New Years Day.


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How Restore on "Exchange Mailbox" in different "Exchange Mailbox"
Hey Guys.
I have some questions with an Exchange mailbox restore.
I have a server "Exchange 2010", under "DOMAIN1 \ SERVER1" and the mailbox "USER1".
I can do a restore of the mailbox "USER1" in "Exchange 2010", "DOMAIN2 \ SERVER23" and the mailbox "USER59"
? It is possible .. if anyone has the steps would greatly appreciate it.
Comments 1 Comment • Jump to latest comment
Hi Juan,
You'd be able to restore the mailbox using my article below and staging to disk first. GRT restores automatically restore to C:\Temp, and the process assumes you have enough disk space there to temporarily hold the IS. If not, change this under Tools --> Options --> Microsoft Exchange:
During the restore, you would do the following in order to restore to another server:
1. Click Microsoft Exchange Redirection --> Redirect Exchange sets (put the target server name in)
2. Choose the option to Redirect mailboxes or public folders. Put in the mailbox name, and leave everything else as-is.
Run the job.
Alternative ways to access Backup Exec Technical Support:


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August 17, 2006
Bill Kurelic
Even with commitments from two wide receivers, the Buckeyes remain in contact with Ft. Lauderdale (Fla.) Aquinas wideout Leonard Hankerson.Hankerson has not yet begun scheduling his trips.He is still considering Auburn, Central Florida, Florida, Georgia, Miami, Michigan, Mississippi, Mississippi State, North Carolina State, Ohio State, USC, and Tennessee. Only USC has not offered. ...More... To continue reading this article you must be a member. Sign Up Now!
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Brazil's Straw Hat project helps women leave abusive situations
A look at Switzerland's entrenched gun culture
21 Feb 2014 07:37 GMT | Politics, Latin America, Venezuela
Dr Rolando Tomasini, consultant specialised on supply chain and purchasing strategy working with leading multinational corporations from different sectors.
Following the deaths of at least four students and the violent aggression documented and widely communicated over the social media, Venezuelan citizens have protested incessantly all over the country in organized peaceful concentrations that end at each time in violent encounters with the police and government supported paramilitary groups. Images all over the social media clearly show a strong and sustained presence of military and government led troops obstructing, intimidating, and attacking the civilians in violent ways that not only violate human dignity, but most basically, their rights. Videos online show the evolution of these protests attesting the violent and oppressive nature of the government response leading to torture, illegal invasion of private property, raiding headquarters of political parties, excerpting brutal physical violence against students,
The death of at least four students and the violence committed by police and government-supported paramilitary groups will not deter Venezuelan protesters from continuing to march peacefully all over the country against President Maduro's policies.
There is clearly a strong and sustained pattern of military and government-led troops presence, as documented by images and videos posted on several social media platforms, whose mission is to obstruct, intimidate, and attack protesters. Widely communicated videoes showed the official oppressive response leading to torture, illegal invasion of private property, raiding headquarters of political parties as well as inflicting brutal physical violence against students, women, and youngsters by uniformed members of the government.Such climate of terror was heightened by another phenomenon of the Chavist revolution: The urban guerrillas, or "colectivos chavistas" such as the Revolutionary Movement of Tupamaros. These are paramilitary groups, heavily armed with modern military artillery, presumably provided by the government, who are very active in the country instilling fear and terror.
While the government-led military presence is strong, the climate of terror is heightened by another phenomenon of the Chavist revolution: The urban guerrillas, or 'colectivos chavistas'.
At the beginning of this week's protest, Tupamaros leaders openly expressed their willingness to use their weapons and hoods to protect the government against the opposition. They are doing most of the government's dirty work as documented in the videos circulated during every election (i.e. breaking out and shootings at electoral stations), and protest (i.e. strategically located and armed to attack the crowds).
Threat to government
Student protests have been viewed as a threat to this government. Historically, student movements were catalysts and accelerators of social transformation as well as reflecting a strong sign of the severe lack of - and need for - socio-political dialogue. This has been experienced over and over in history, and most recently in the Arab Spring revolutions.
Venezuela is no exception. Students have unanimously led the protests initially triggered by a strong sense of discontent with the government's inability to control the deteriorating economic situation, the scarcity of basic products, the staggering levels of violence, and their frustration with the populist revolutionary speeches that are only fuelling more polarisation, and restraining civil freedoms.
Maduro's response to these protests was also typical of totalitarian regimes. He pointed fingers at opposition leaders like Leopoldo Lopez. The government blamed Lopez for the death of the three students and all the damages created during the protest. Ironically, days earlier President of the National Assembly Diosdado Cabello challenged Lopez, on national television, to come forward, threatening him about the consequences he will face upon being arrested.
Lopez surrendered himself to the armed forced in the middle of a monumental march in the capital city. He explained, in a video, that he would come forward, not to accept the government accusation, but rather to present to the government - on behalf of the opposition - a set of concrete demands including: Disarmament of paramilitary groups, a halt to the violent oppression against civilians, and the freedom of detained students and political prisioners. He also invited citizens to join him in a march dressed in white, as happened on February 18, where he was taken out by car and then helicopter under custody.
Promoting confusion
Instead of assuming political responsbility, Maduro, in a speech further confusing the public, stated that Lopez was driven to a prison outside the capital by Cabello to protect him from Miami-based extreme right groups that have been targeting him. Yet, he contradicted himself when he insisted that Lopez should be held responsible for the deaths and violence which - in reality - had been the work of government troops who only acted upon orders from both Maduro and Cabello.
Lopez or not , the fact of the matter is that government-led violence continues to escalate with more people being aggressed upon, tortured, and shot in the streets. Official figures remain uncertain about how many people have disappeared. A hospital in the city of Valencia reported receiving at least eight wounded shortly following Lopez's arrest due to insurgents who sabotaged the march on their motorcycles shooting civilians in the head.
This week's events show that Maduro was not only leading the government in an undemocratic fashion, but it also confirmed, through the violent and aggressive anti-constitutional responses, the lack of any intention to initiate a process of serious and constructive dialogue for the future. Rather than opening channels for communication, Maduro continues to obstruct public opinion by censoring media, internet, creating barricades, and disregarding the international request to build a sustainable democratic space. He is also reinforcing the social resentment instilled by his predecessor with speeches that rather than uniting the population, trigger unrest and highlight polarised opinions.
Some experts argue that these events are the product of Venezuela's dying petro-populism, others point out that it may be the tipping point for the end of Chavism. Regardless of the root causes, it is uncertain at this point how the next pages of Venezuelan history will be written as both government supporters and opponents stand strong and determined on opposite ends of the shooting range.
Citizens have made it clear they are fed up and are willing to march and protest for their future. The government has failed to accept its responsibility and the decline in popular support. But most importantly is that opposition leaders insist on a democratic solution as the only exit strategy.
Source: Al Jazeera
At least four killed, including a police officer, as thousands gather in capital to demand president's resignation.
Politics, Latin America, Venezuela
Currency regulations have worsened the lifestyle and business prospects of many Venezuelans.
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Tackling the refugee crisis, Iran nuclear deal, and helping rape victims push candidates towards the coveted prize.
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Is this restaurant good for business?
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Good restaurant great staff. plenty of options on the menu so long as you like meat! staff have good english for travellers who "no hablar español"
Food: 7/10
Warning: if you don't like meat, this place isn't for you. As a person who's not a huge fan of meat, I didn't really enjoy the food all that much. The salad bar and the bread were tasty though. This was my second time there and I ordered the set (?) menu. So basically a waiter/waitress comes over...
Though I have tried only vegetable salad, I loved this place. My husband had a lamb picanha, one of the best he tried in Montevideo. The winery makes this restaurant more elegant and cosy. It is a place worth visiting for a lovely romantic dinner.
Had a table with nice night time view on the harbor. Warm welcome and attentive service. Had Italian ante pasti and then some good steak with a bottle of good Uruguayan wine. The steak was cooked as ordered (very rare). It was calm in the restaurant and our waiter was very attentive to us. It's not cheap but it lives...
Its outside beauty - next to the rambla, on the top of the hill - got our attention and we went to dinner during our vacation in Montevideo. Inside the restaurant, the questions started with staff service... the waiters were pretty distracted and time to bring a bottle of wine, water or even soda was terrible.
The meat was OK...
This place is located right in front of the sea and has an indoor and outdoor sitting area. The staff is super friendly and the ambience very relaxed. I've been at La Casa Violeta on multiple occasions with family, friends and colleagues and it never disappoints. The meat is probably the best I've ever had at a restaurant (since Uruguayan's...
If you have been in Montevideo and didn't have a steak at the Casa Violeta restaurant, you just missed the best thing in that city!
Never had a good steak like this one!
Fancy and expensive but offers goos food. We were six people and ordered several different dishes. Steak was great, pasta was honest and seafood was only ok.
Salad bar is not worth the visit and prices are high. Looks like an hotel restaurant with no charm.
The Casa is amazing with its food and surrounding with a nice view of the sea and it's promenade the Rambla.
We had their salad buffet and a juicy steak with a good wine. As a desert we choose the crepe a la Uruguayan style
The salad bar was boring and not worth the price. Our main dish was stake, very small serving and not good at all. The location is very nice though, believe it or not, it is the only restaurant across from the Buceo Marina.
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Man arrested in connection with L.A. synagogue bomb threats
The man arrested in connection with fake bomb threats made against a Los Angeles synagogue was also charged with vandalizing it earlier this month. More ▸
The man arrested in connection with fake bomb threats made against a Los Angeles synagogue was also charged with vandalizing it earlier this month. More ▸
A Los Angeles-area synagogue was the victim of several bomb threats. More ▸
The Simon Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles introduced an application to monitor hate websites. More ▸
Rabbi David Wolpe, a popular author and public speaker, made his debut atop Newsweek's list of the 50 most influential American rabbis. More ▸
Producer Scott Rosenfelt, whose credits include "Home Alone" and "Mystic Pizza," is threatening a major Jewish film festival after its director raised concerns that Rosenfelt's documentary about sexual abuse in the Orthodox Jewish community amounts to a "witch hunt." More ▸
Swastikas were drawn on cars, mailboxes and homes in a heavily Jewish Los Angeles neighborhood. More ▸
The sheriff's deputy who arrested actor Mel Gibson and was subjected to his anti-Semitic rant settled a religious discrimination case against his department. More ▸
The Reform movement's international arm is supporting social justice protesters in Israel. More ▸
A massive billboard calling attention to the plight of captive Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit is going up in Los Angeles. More ▸
Jake Gullenhaal and Michael Pena were out in South Los Angeles with LAPD troops on the Wednesday night as part of a research they're making for their new film "End of Watch." And what happens when you drive around South LA? A bunch of gang members shoot each other around you, obviously. So Jake and Michael were… More ▸
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Max Planck Florida Foundation expands its reach, builds community support
JUPITER - The Max Planck Florida Foundation is ramping up its operations in anticipation of the summer 2012 opening of the Max Planck Florida Institute's (MPFI's) new 100,000-sq.-ft. biomedical research facility on Florida Atlantic University's MacArthur Campus in Jupiter.
Established in the fall of 2010, the Foundation is tasked with raising funds to support the scientific mission, objectives and programs of MPFI, which is the sole U.S.-based Institute of Germany's prestigious Max Planck Society.
"Our first few years in South Florida have been truly remarkable. We have brought world-class scientists to the area, including our CEO & scientific director, Dr. David Fitzpatrick, and have established programs to enhance science education locally, such as the Brain Bee Challenge and the public lecture series," said Dr. Claudia Hillinger, MPFI's vice president of institute development and president of the Foundation.
"If we are to continue this momentum and propel our potentially world-changing research forward in the coming decades, it's vital that we continue to strengthen and expand the reach of the foundation."
The Foundation's board of directors is chaired by George T. Elmore, founder and president of Hardrives, Inc., who is also the first $1 million contributor to the capital campaign. Patricia B. Lester, co-owner of a Florida-based private investment firm, serves as secretary; and Erik Joh, Esq. of Cypress Trust serves as treasurer.
Additional members of the board of directors are Mark W. Cook of Royal Palm Management; Frank J. Folz III of Airspan Networks Inc.; Kenneth Kahn, president of LRP Publications; Michael V. Mitrione, Esq. of Gunster; and Gregory V. Novak of Novak Druce + Quigg, LLP and HalberdCross Private Equity.
In 2011, the Foundation created a steering committee specifically tasked with supporting a capital campaign. Although MPFI was established through generous funding from the State of Florida, Palm Beach County and the Town of Jupiter, after a 10-year period it will become dependent on philanthropy, grants and commercial activities in order to underwrite its annual operating budget in the future.
The goal of the Frontiers Campaign is to build an initial endowment of $40 million that will serve as the foundation of the permanent endowment needed to ensure the Institute's future success, and raise and additional $10 million towards equipment for the new building.
The steering committee is chaired by board member Mark Cook and includes fellow board members Frank Folz, Michael Mitrione, Kenneth Kahn, as well as R.Adm. Phil Whitacre, Ray S. Celedinas, president and CEO of Celedinas Insurance Group, Michael J. Bracci of Northern Trust and Elizabeth Neuhoff.
"Our committee believes strongly in the work being done at the Max Planck Florida Institute," said Cook. "Researchers are using innovative technologies to explore the neural circuits in the brain at the level necessary to achieve major advancements in the understanding and treatment of neurological disorders. Targeted disorders include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, autism and schizophrenia."
The Max Planck Florida Foundation has also launched a Friends Program that includes business and community leaders from around the state and beyond. They held their first event in January that included a tour of the new building in Jupiter.
The foundation also recently announced a partnership with the Quantum Foundation to sponsor a series of private receptions in conjunction with the MPFI winter lecture series. The second season of the popular series is currently underway. On Wednesday, March 7, Dr. Tobias Bonhoeffer, director of the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology in Munich, Germany, will offer an insider's look into how the brain stores information; and on Tuesday, March 27, Dr. Sami Solanki, director at the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany will discuss the mysteries of the sun.
For more information, visit www.mpffoundation.org.
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Thousand Oaks library program helps prepare kindergartners
About 20 youngsters sat on the floor of the Community Room at the Thousand Oaks library on Wednesday listening with rapt attention as Teri Stockdill read a book to them about a dinosaur's first day at school.
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Contact us at 1-800-991-66861.800.991.6686
|The Nike Skinny Dri-FIT® Knit Pant have a modern silhouette with unique knit-in details offering performance and style for any gym workout. Dri-FIT® knit fabric helps keep you dry and cool while the seamless construction helps reduce areas of irritation. The tighter knit ribbing behind the knee offers a greater ease of movement, so you can comfortably perform any movements. The stretch waistband with drawcord provides a personalized fit while the Swoosh design trademark shows off signature style. Dri-FIT® 78% Polyester/16% Nylon/6% Spandex. Imported.


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RICHLAND, Wash. A new analysis shows that the nation's land and water resources could likely support the growth of enough algae to produce up to 25 billion gallons of algae-based fuel a year in the United States, one-twelfth of the country's yearly needs.
The findings come from an in-depth look at the water resources that would be needed to grow significant amounts of algae in large, specially built shallow ponds. The results were published in the May 7 issue of Environmental Science and Technology, published by the American Chemical Society.
"While there are many details still to be worked out, we don't see water issues as a deal breaker for the development of an algae biofuels industry in many areas of the country," said first author Erik Venteris of the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
For the best places to produce algae for fuel, think hot, humid and wet. Especially promising are the Gulf Coast and the Southeastern seaboard.
"The Gulf Coast offers a good combination of warm temperatures, low evaporation, access to an abundance of water, and plenty of fuel-processing facilities," said hydrologist Mark Wigmosta, the leader of the team that did the analysis.
Wooing algae as fuel
Algae, it turns out, are plump with oil, and several research teams and companies are pursuing ways to improve the creation of biofuels based on algae growing algae composed of more oil, creating algae that live longer and thrive in cooler temperatures, or devising new ways to separate out the useful oil from the rest of the algae.
But first, simply, the algae must grow. The chief requirements are sunlight and water. Antagonists include clouds, a shortage of water, and evaporation.
A previous report by the same team looked mainly at how much demand algae farms would create for freshwater. That report demonstrated that oil based on algae have the potential to replace a s
|Contact: Tom Rickey
DOE/Pacific Northwest National Laboratory


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Contact: Wetland Watch President
Leslie Newman
Please check the Education tab at left for an update of LEEP (Lakeshore Environmental Education Program.) and the Information tab to read about our community's efforts to control invasive Phragmites.
Our 2015 garage sale will be at the Barber School in Spring Lake on Saturday, August 1, from 8am to 3pm. All funds raised will support LEEP. We will be at the Barber School on Fri, July 31 from 9am to 1pm, to receive donated items and set up for Saturday.


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Burger King
Watch People Eat a Whopper and a Big Mac For The Very FIRST Time [VIDEO]
Burger King decided to find people from around the world who have NEVER had a Whopper or a Big Mac. The idea was to find out which one people liked better not ever having one their entire life
Would You Eat a Bacon Sundae? [POLL]
Burger King is rolling out a new bbq-themed summer menu...including a bacon sundae.


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Opened 11 years ago
Closed 9 years ago
Last modified 9 years ago
#938 closed defect (bug) (fixed)
maximum number of links in comment "exploit"
|Reported by:
|Owned by:
Function 'check_comment' in comment-functions.php counts the number of 'http:' occurences. So a spammer can post as much links as wished if typed this way :
link
Attachments (2)
Change History (13)
comment:3 @skippy — 10 years ago
- Keywords bg|2nd-opinion added
- Owner changed from anonymous to skippy
- Priority changed from normal to low
- Status changed from new to assigned
Should check_comment check non-http links? FTP / https / ??
Is this a big deal?
comment:4 @markjaquith — 10 years ago
- Keywords bg|dev-feedback added
well, the site.com links would be clickable... so they should probably get counted. I don't think https or FTP is going to be a problem, though.
We could count href="http:// and href=" and combine the two, or move to a regex. Also have to consider href='http:// and href=' so it might be time to go the regex route.
Another issue: http://site.com/ gets penalized twice with the current situation, and if you're using a formatting filter on your comments, those links could get through on their own. Should we be processing the comment text filters before looking for links? That's how it's going to appear on your site...
comment:5 @davidhouse — 10 years ago
The quotes are optional in HTML, so don't require their presence. I.e., blah works in most browsers. I'd suggest checking with:
comment:6 @Nazgul — 9 years ago
- Keywords 2nd-opinion dev-feedback has-patch added; bg|2nd-opinion bg|dev-feedback removed
- Milestone set to 2.1
This ticket hasn't been updated in ages, but I think it's still valid.
I've created a patch for it which should cover most of the given scenarios, but some feedback would be appreciated.
comment:7 @foolswisdom — 9 years ago
- Owner skippy deleted
- Status changed from assigned to new
Clearing owner = skippy
comment:8 @Nazgul — 9 years ago
- Keywords 2nd-opinion dev-feedback removed
- Milestone changed from 2.1 to 2.0.5
Updated patch, based on feedback on IRC:
[06:29] MarkJaquith: BasB: regarding the \/\/ part (http://) ... you're using pipes to delimit the regex, so you shouldn't have to escape those forward slashes
[06:30] MarkJaquith: oh, and let's make it case insensitive
Also marking this as a 2.0.5 candidate.
comment:9 @markjaquith — 9 years ago
- Resolution set to fixed
- Status changed from new to closed
comment:10 @foolswisdom — 9 years ago
[4300] same fix for branches/2.0 -> 2.0.5
comment:11 @anonymous — 9 years ago
- Milestone 2.0.5 deleted
Milestone 2.0.5 deleted


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Launch of Rienso® ▼ (Ferumoxytol) Offers Adult Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease a New Option for the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia PR Newswire ZURICH, November 1, 2012 ZURICH, November 1, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Today, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International GmbH (Takeda) announced the launch of Rienso ^® (ferumoxytol) in the UK, a new intravenous ( IV ) iron therapy to treat iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This follows marketing authorisation granted by the European Commission (EC) in June 2012. Clinical studies demonstrated that Rienso significantly increases haemoglobin levels as compared to oral iron across the spectrum of CKD. ^[ ^1 ^] ^, ^[ ^2 ^] ^, ^[ ^3 ^] Moreover, Rienso was well tolerated by CKD patients with IDA and had an overall treatment-related adverse event rate similar to oral iron treatment based on data from three pivotal Phase III studies involving 1,726 subjects. ^[ ^1 ^] ^, ^[ ^2 ^] ^, ^[ ^3 ^] These outcomes were further supported by additional retrospective observational data from three large haemodialysis studies conducted in the United States involving more than 8,600 patients and more than 33,300 administered doses of Rienso. ^[ ^4 ^] ^, ^[ ^5 ^] "While treatments for iron deficiency anaemia have been widely available for many years, this condition continues to place a significant burden on the everyday life of CKD patients worldwide, and its management should be tailored to appropriately address the clinical consequences of this debilitating disorder" says Professor Iain Macdougall, Consultant Nephrologist and Professor of Clinical Nephrology, King's College London. "Rienso is an effective treatment option for the management of anaemia, and news of its availability in the UK will be warmly received by the renal community." In Europe, incidence rate of end-stage renal disease stands around 135 per 1,000,000 population with anaemia being the most frequent complication. ^[ ^6 ^] CKD is a progressive and incapacitating condition that profoundly affects the lives of patients who suffer from it. One of the reasons for its development is iron deficiency, and the prevalence and severity of anaemia worsens steadily as CKD advances. ^[ ^7 ^] ^, ^[ ^8 ^] The treatment of anaemia in CKD has been shown to reduce hospitalisation and mortality rates, and improve exercise capacity and quality of life. ^[ ^9] "This new treatment option for IDA in CKD marks Takeda's commitment to the development of renal anaemia management. It adds to treatment choice by providing patients with an alternative solution for receiving IV iron therapy" says Trevor Smith, Takeda's Head of Commercial Operations, Europe & Canada. About Rienso ^® (ferumoxytol) Rienso is an IV iron therapy with an approved indication for the treatment of IDA in adult patients with CKD. The maximum total dose of ferumoxytol is 1.02g and is administered as an initial 510mg intravenous injection, followed by a second 510mg intravenous injection 2-8 days later. The treatment course for most adults is two injections of 510mg intravenous iron. Ferumoxytol significantly increases Hb levels in CKD patients with IDA, both on dialysis and in patients not on dialysis compared with oral iron. Clinical trials have also highlighted that ferumoxytol is well tolerated. Ferumoxytol was developed by AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc (AMAG). It received marketing approval as Feraheme from the US Food and Drug Administration on June 30, 2009 and was commercially launched by AMAG in the US shortly thereafter. Ferumoxytol received marketing approval in Canada in December 2011, in the European Union in June 2012 and in Switzerland in August 2012, where it will be marketed by Takeda as Rienso ^® . A Summary of Product Characteristics is available on the European Medicines Agency website ( http://www.ema.europa.eu ). About iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) Iron deficiency is a common cause of anaemia often seen in the later stages of CKD, as renal function deteriorates and erythropoiesis (red blood cell production) declines. IDA can have a profound impact on patients' lives, causing fatigue, shortness of breath and an increase in the risk of cardiovascular (CV) complications including congestive heart failure. ^[ ^9 ^] ^, ^[ ^10 ^] About Takeda Pharmaceuticals International GmbH Takeda Pharmaceuticals International GmbH, headquartered in Zurich, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. As the largest pharmaceutical company in Japan and a leader in the global industry, Takeda's mission is to strive toward better health for patients worldwide through leading innovation in medicine. It has a commercial presence covering around 70 countries, with particular strength in Asia, North America, Europe and fast-growing emerging markets including Latin America, Russia-CIS and China. Takeda is ranked 12th by global Rx sales, 14th in the BRIC countries and 18th in Europe. Areas of focus include cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, immunology and respiratory diseases, oncology and central nervous system diseases, among others. Through the integration of Millennium Pharmaceuticals and Nycomed, Takeda has been transforming itself, broadening its therapeutic expertise and geographic outreach. Additional information about Takeda is available through its corporate website, http://www.takeda.com . About Takeda UK Ltd Takeda UK Ltd, based in High Wycombe in Buckinghamshire, is the UK subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company and is responsible for sales and marketing of the Company's products in the UK. Further information about Takeda UK Ltd is available at http://www.takeda.co.uk References 1.Spinowitz BS, Kausz AT, Baptista J, et al . Ferumoxytol for treating iron deficiency anemia in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19: 1599-1605. 2.AMAG Pharmaceuticals. Data on file. 3.Provenzano R, Schiller B, Rao M, et al . Ferumoxytol as an intravenous iron replacement therapy in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4: 386-393. 4.Schiller B, Bhat P, Sharma A, et al. Safety of Feraheme ^® (Ferumoxytol) in hemodialysis patients at 3 dialysis chains over a 1-year period. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22: 477A-478A. Abstr FR-PO1573. 5.Sharma A, Bhat P, Schiller B, et al. Efficacy of Feraheme ^® (Ferumoxytol) administration on target hemoglobin levels and other iron parameters across 3 dialysis chains. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22: 485A. Abstr FR-PO1603. 6.Meguid El Nahas A, Bello AK. Chronic kidney disease: the global challenge. Lancet 2005; 365: 331-340. 7.Qunibi WY. The efficacy and safety of current intravenous iron preparations for the management of iron-deficiency anaemia: a review. Arzneimittelforschung 2010; 60: 399-412. 8.Schmidt RJ, Dalton CL. Treating anemia of chronic kidney disease in the primary care setting: cardiovascular outcomes and management recommendations. Osteopath Med Prim Care 2007; 1: 14. 9.O'Mara NB. Anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Spectrum 2008; 21: 12-19. 10.National Kidney Foundation. KDOQI clinical practice guidelines and clinical practice recommendations for anemia in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 47:S11-15. Contact: For Media Enquiries: Danny Stepto, Takeda: +41-79-609-9452, email@example.com.
Launch of Rienso® ▼ (Ferumoxytol) Offers Adult Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease a New Option for the Treatment of Iron
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Dress was in stock and arrived within a week along with a cute free purse. It was a great experience.
Prompt despatch, well packaged - the gown actually spent longer sat in UK Customs than it took to get from the USA to the UK! We are very happy and would use you again should the need arise, better quality than anything you can get in the UK and without having to pay an arm and a leg for it.
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Bearden follows Erin Walsh's lead to a Region 2-AAA tournament victory over Oak Ridge
Junior gets Bearden going in 2nd quarter
It took Bearden High School's girls a quarter to get going Friday night in their Region 2-AAA tournament quarterfinal basketball game against Oak Ridge.
Not so coincidently, the Lady Bulldogs caught fire at the same time that standout guard Erin Walsh found her groove.
Walsh scored 11 of her game-high 22 points in the second quarter to spark Bearden to a 53-36 win over the visiting Lady Wildcats in the elimination contest.
Oak Ridge led 10-7 after one quarter as Walsh started 0-for-4 from the field.
But, with the 5-foot-11 junior heating up, Bearden went on a 15-3 run in the second quarter to take command.
"We started slow, but were able to get into a little rhythm," said Bearden coach Justin Underwood.
The Lady Bulldogs (22-8) advance to Monday's regional semifinals against Heritage (20-12) in another
elimination game at Farragut High.
The Lady Mountaineers upset Anderson County, 30-29, Friday night.
"We've got a tough Heritage team Monday night," said Underwood. "They'll want blood, considering we've beaten them three times this season."
Chanler Geer, a freshman post, came up big for Bearden against Oak Ridge with 16 points and 11 rebounds. Tyler Carter grabbed nine rebounds as the Lady Bulldogs won the battle of the boards, 32-25.
"We talked about rebounding being the key," Underwood said. "We rebounded the ball well and shot free throws (21-for-29) well."
The senior tandem of Whitney Mitchell and Kendra Holmes supplied most of the offense for Oak Ridge (16-14) as they accounted for all but six of the Lady Wildcats' points.
Holmes scored 18 points while Mitchell netted 12 points and six rebounds. However, the duo combined to go just 10-for-39 from the field.
"Our plan was to try and stop Mitchell and Holmes," said Underwood. "They've got a very good 1-2 punch with those young ladies."
A pair of protracted dry spells cost Oak Ridge.
The Lady Wildcats scored just one point in the final 7:30 of the second quarter. They also failed to score during the last 6:42 of the third quarter.
Mike Blackerby is a freelance contributor.


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There are many reasons why the Boz™ ball is better than a tennis ball for dogs.
West Paw Design Expands Zogoflex® Line with Two New Mini Dog Toys
The Mini Hurley® and the Mini Zisc® are the newest additions to West Paw Design's growing line of guaranteed-tough Zogoflex® dog toys. Petite versions of two Zogoflex favorites, the new minis are designed to fuel countless hours of fun for small-breed dogs and the people who love them.
The bone-shaped Mini Hurley and flying Mini Zisc disc are made from extremely tough Zogoflex material that has been standing up to chewers since 2004. West Paw Design guarantees the full Zogoflex line against dog damage with a refund or replacement. With a return rate of less than 1 percent, Zogoflex toys are highly rated by customers who are often surprised that these toys can endure the aggressive play that has left many other toys badly damaged.
The new Mini Hurley brings the best of a ball and a bone together in one bouncy, buoyant chew toy. While the material is tough, it's also pliable which means that it is gentle on dogs' mouths. West Paw Design recommends this toy for small-breed dogs that like to chew. The Mini Zisc lets the good times fly at the park, in the yard or at the lake year-round. Gentler on mouths than hard-shell frisbees and faster than those made from fabric, Mini Ziscs are great activity toys for dogs that like to "go long." Both toys are available in three bright colors — Tangerine, Granny Smith Green and Aqua Blue — which makes them easy to spot in water, grass or snow.
Zogoflex toys are also dishwasher safe. All Zogoflex toys are 100%recyclable and West Paw Design's Join the Loop® recycling program gives customers the option to return exhausted toys to be cleaned, re-ground and re-used in new Zogoflex products. West Paw Design also recycles the excess material created during manufacturing which results in a virtually waste-free production process. Products come in 100% recycled packaging and along with being eco-friendly, Zogoflex toys are non-toxic.
Durable, buoyant, eco-friendly, made in the USA, non-toxic, colorful and guaranteed — each Zogoflex toy brings great things together in one completely fun package.
Mini Hurleys (MSRP $7.95)
Mini Ziscs (MSRP $10.95).
More Scoop
This dog ball is better than a Tennis Ball
You know it's time to change your dogs bed when...
You know when it's time to replace (or wash!) your pet's bed when...
Zogoflex Air vs. Zogoflex - What's the difference?
NEW Zogoflex Air play toys for active dogs
West Paw Design Introduces Zogoflex Air™


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Chicago Albums
Best Chicago Songs
Similar artists
Singles and tracks
Chicago music download page - today available 10 Chicago mp3 albums and 253 Chicago songs to download. You can preview any of Chicago mp3s by clicking on the album cover or on the link below. Also, you can see Top Chicago mp3 downloads in the Top Tracks section. To listen to any of these tracks just press 'Preview' button. If you like Chicago mp3 music you can also find some interesting tracks in the Similar Artists. If you can't find or download Chicago music you want - just send a message to our support team.


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DetailsThe Brita 35818 replacement water filter ensures you can enjoy great tasting water from anywhere. After quickly popping into place, these filters will reduce virtually all bad taste and odor, helping to keep you happy and hydrated, wherever you may be! Order the replacement water filters you need for your Brita water bottle from us by 4pm CST today for same day shipping.
- Ships Same Day
- Replace every two months or twenty gallons
- Keep the clean drinking water you deserve close at hand!
- Genuine OEM Product
The BRITA-35818 is comparable with the following part numbers
Brita 35818
Fits the Following Model Numbers
35559 35558
ContaminantsReduces the following contaminants:
Package Qty 2 Used In Brands Brita Manufacturer's Id 35818 UPC 60258358183 Primary Filter Media Activated Carbon Block Filter Life (gallons) 40 Filter Life (liters) 151.2 Filter Life (months) 2 months Certifications NSF/ANSI Standard 42
Customer ReviewsNo reviews have been found


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Publisher's Description+
What's new in this version:
Version 5.3.1:
- Add page background , font size and table alignment setting.
- Support charts insertion and edition.
- Support long press to move cells, rows or columns.
- Support Wifi Direct and hotspot network in SharePlay.
- added the note insertion in top menu.