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I am back over on the Gentlemen's Blog to Midnite Cinema, the companion blot for my favorite film podcast, writing about Incredible Paris Incident aka Fantastic Argoman aka half a dozen other titles, as is the way for these kinds of movies. Hovercrafts, psychic powers, robots, and men in banana yellow bodystockings will abound.
Tag Archives: Heists Capers & Schemes
League of Gentlemen
"Demobilized officer, finding peace unbearably tedious, would welcome any excitement. Legitimate, if possible, but crime of humorous description, no objection." — Bulldog Drummond, 1929
Basil Dearden's 1960 caper film League of Gentlemen is a little bit like if, instead of ending up solving crimes for a living, Bulldog Drummond ended up committing them; as if his humorous classified ad was answered by a fellow demobilized officer putting together a crew for a heist. Surely the overly complicated ladder theft that results would appeal to Drummond's sense of humor. Unlike the old Bulldog Drummond movies however, beneath the breezy, dryly comical veneer of League of Gentlemen is the sort of political and social unrest that characterized much of Dearden's work in the late 1950s and into the 1960s. The man was a master at making mainstream, commercial films that packed powerful, at times very pro-counter culture messages.
Band of Outsiders
It's time for a Jean-luc Godard review, but where as I struggled with exactly what I should say in regards to Breathless, partially because it seems one of the most written-about films this side of Zombie Lake (which seems to be one of the most reviewed movies on the internet), when it comes to Band of Outsiders, my problem is with having too much to say. So we'll start with the so-called general consensus: Band of Outsiders is Godard for people who don't much care for Godard. Considered by some to be one of Godard's lighter films because it is more accessible and less maverick in its approach, Band of Outsiders still offers up a fine example of the French maverick at his best, and the fact that he doesn't imitate himself should be an example of Band of Outsiders' inventiveness rather than the other way around. Missing from the film, for the most part, are Godard's signature jump cuts and unsteady camera. In their place is one of his more conventional and straight-forward narratives. But don't let the surface simplicity of the film trick you. This is still Godard, and this is still the French New Wave. There's a lot boiling under the surface even if it's not as expressly obvious as in Breathless and the director's other, better known, and more celebrated works.
Lupin III: Elusiveness of the Fog
Referring to anything that happens in a Lupin III cartoon as "realistic" is folly, but the teleivsion special Lupin III: Elusiveness of the Fog pushes the boundaries even for the Lupin universe, where purple midgets in leisure suits threaten the world and Fiats somehow can drive up castle walls. I've always preferred Lupin's slightly more grounded in reality exploits. Granted, we're talking relative frames of reference here, but at the core of things, I like Lupin and his crew matching wits against their foes and pulling heists in a world that seems at least vaguely familiar. Elusiveness of the Fog, however, puts an entirely scifi/fantasy twist on the Lupin formula and gives us a goofy, breezy time travel adventure that manages to be disposably entertaining without being all that good.
Lupin III: Castle of Cagliostro
People who are not familiar with the character of Lupin the Third are still likely to have heard of and perhaps even seen this movie thanks entirely to its being the directorial debut of Hayao Miyazaki in the world of feature film. Even many non-anime, non-animation moviegoers know Miyazaki's name thanks to the man having single-handedly directing more "timeless classics" than the entirety of the Disney animation studios. These films include My Neighbor Totoro, Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind, Kiki's Delivery Service, Princess Mononoke, Spirited Away, and Howl's Moving Castle. Several of his films (most notable Nausicaa) rank among my top films of all time, and I've never let a friend have a little kid without me sending them a copy of My Neighbor Totoro as a gift (usually accompanied by a copy of Godzilla's Revenge, as both should be required viewing for any wide-eyed and adventurous kid who needs to be brought up proper).
Lupin III: Mystery of Mamo
Created by Japanese artist Monkey Punch (surprisingly, not his real name) in the 1960s, Lupin the Third was a mixture of James Bond, Matt Helm, Cary Grant from To Catch a Thief, and whatever guy you can think of who grabs boobs a lot. Bill Clinton, I guess. Lupin the Third was meant to be the jet-setting super-thief great grandson of Arsene Lupin, a beloved French pulp character who was very much the "gentleman thief." Lupin the Third jettisons the gentleman part most of the time but excels in the thievery department. Quite in contrast to his famous relative, Lupin the Third is a crass, horny, occasionally sleazy, always smart-alec guy with a weakness for beautiful girls. Together with his parters in crime Jigen (a former yakuza hitman and reportedly the greatest crack shot in the world) and Goemon (a guy who identifies a little too heavily with the romantic ideal of the mysterious, wandering samurai), Lupin trots the globe in search of treasure to be found, banks to be robbed, chicks to be nailed, and smug rich guys to be kicked in the jaw. Complicating Lupin's life are two more characters: dogged Interpol inspector Zenigata, whose entire life revolves around finally arresting the wily Lupin; and Fujiko (whose name means "peaks"), a big-breasted flirt who is sometimes Lupin's partner, sometimes his rival, and usually both.
Katilon Ke Kaatil
Try to imagine that, like me, your life has become a steady parade of disappointments and squandered potential, but then one day, the following happens: having previously been enlightened as to the existence of a Bollywood ninja movie — a rip-off of American Ninja from the same cast and crew that brought the world Disco Dancer, no less — you go to your little website forum and theorize that, given the popularity of kungfu films in India and the proliferation of Bruce Lee imitators and crappy "Bruceploitation" films during the 1970s, there was no way Bollywood didn't produce at least one film cashing in on the death and popularity of Bruce Lee.
Black Rose
The director Chor Yuen is probably today best known for the sumptuous fantasy wuxia films he crafted while under contract to Hong Kong's Shaw Brothers studio during the seventies and early eighties. Indeed, titles like Killer Clans, The Magic Blade and Clans of Intrigue, marked as they are by Chor's unique ability to meld gauzy, haunted romanticism and state-of-the-art martial arts action within an immediately recognizable and alluringly narcotic visual style, present themselves as signature works, the result of a perfect marriage of director and genre. This makes it all the more surprising that these films were, to some extent, a lucrative tangent occurring well into a long directorial career stretching back to the late fifties–one encompassing equally prolific and accomplished work in the areas of social realism and romantic drama.
Kilink Strip and Kill
Upon sitting down to write a review of the third film in the long-running Turkish Kilink series, I feared I had painted myself into a bit of a corner. As much as I love the Kilink films — and believe me, I love them — I didn't know exactly what was left to say about them. Other than a couple paragraphs dedicated to recounting the basic plot of the film, there was precious little back material I could use to fill in a whole review. Kilink's dubious history as a copyright violation of a copyright violation was covered in previous reviews. Its growth out of the Italian fumetti and fumetti-inspired films was similarly covered. Since solid information on Turkish cult cinema is difficult to find, even in the Turkish language, I wasn't really brimming over with a wealth of material I could fall back on. And yet, I find that I am both physically and mentally incapable of not reviewing a movie called Kilink Strip and Kill in which a grown man dresses up in a skeleton themed body stocking and punches out dudes with thick Luis Tiant mustaches and black suits with white ties.
Black Tight Killers
When we reviewed 3 Seconds Before the Explosion, we stated that it was one of two Nikkatsu Studio espionage films released onto the home video market in the United States, both starring studio mainstay Akira Kobayashi. We also said that 3 Seconds Before the Explosion, daft though it might have been, was the more conservative and conventional of the two. That's because the second espionage film, Black Tight Killers, was constructed out of some mad fever dream by director Yasuharu Hasebe and production designer Teruyoshi Satani after they stayed up all night at a psychedelic go-go cabaret, drunk on Suntory whisky and overdosing on a steady stream of pop art and spy movies. When they awoke the next morning, two things had happened. One, their clothes had vanished; and two, they had apparently made a movie about a photojournalist who gets tangled up with a gang of black leather clad go-go girl assassins who fling razor sharp 45rpm records and are armed with ninja chewing gum, among other things.


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Publications (18)92.54 Total impact
Article: Therapeutic Efficacy of a Subunit Vaccine in Controlling Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and Chagas Disease Is Enhanced by Glutathione Peroxidase Over-Expression[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Trypanosoma cruzi-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses are implicated in chagasic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we examined the therapeutic utility of a subunit vaccine against T. cruzi and determined if glutathione peroxidase (GPx1, antioxidant) protects the heart from chagasic pathogenesis. C57BL/6 mice (wild-type (WT) and GPx1 transgenic (GPxtg) were infected with T. cruzi and at 45 days post-infection (dpi), immunized with TcG2/TcG4 vaccine delivered by a DNA-prime/Protein-boost (D/P) approach. The plasma and tissue-sections were analyzed on 150 dpi for parasite burden, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis. WT mice infected with T. cruzi had significantly more blood and tissue parasite burden compared with infected/GPxtg mice (n = 5-8, p<0.01). Therapeutic vaccination provided >15-fold reduction in blood and tissue parasites in both WT and GPxtg mice. The increase in plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO, 24.7%) and nitrite (iNOS activity, 45%) was associated with myocardial increase in oxidant levels (3-4-fold) and non-responsive antioxidant status in chagasic/WT mice; and these responses were not controlled after vaccination (n = 5-7). The GPxtg mice were better equipped than the WT mice in controlling T. cruzi-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Extensive myocardial and skeletal tissue inflammation noted in chagasic/WT mice, was significantly more compared with chagasic/GPxtg mice (n = 4-6, p<0.05). Vaccination was equally effective in reducing the chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the heart and skeletal tissue of infected WT and GPxtg mice (n = 6, p<0.05). Hypertrophy (increased BNP and ANP mRNA) and fibrosis (increased collagen) of the heart were extensively present in chronically-infected WT and GPxtg mice and notably decreased after therapeutic vaccination. We conclude the therapeutic delivery of D/P vaccine was effective in arresting the chronic parasite persistence and chagasic pathology; and GPx1 over-expression provided additive benefits in reducing the parasite burden, inflammatory/oxidative stress and cardiac remodeling in Chagas disease.PLoS ONE 06/2015; 10(6):e0130562. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0130562 · 3.23 Impact Factor
Article: A Two-Component DNA-Prime/Protein-Boost Vaccination Strategy for Eliciting Long-Term, Protective T Cell Immunity against Trypanosoma cruzi[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this study, we evaluated the long-term efficacy of a two-component subunit vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with TcG2/TcG4 vaccine delivered by a DNA-prime/Protein-boost (D/P) approach and challenged with T. cruzi at 120 or 180 days post-vaccination (dpv). We examined whether vaccine-primed T cell immunity was capable of rapid expansion and intercepting the infecting T. cruzi. Our data showed that D/P vaccine elicited CD4+ (30-38%) and CD8+ (22-42%) T cells maintained an effector phenotype up to 180 dpv, and were capable of responding to antigenic stimulus or challenge infection by a rapid expansion (CD8>CD4) with type 1 cytokine (IFNγ+ and TFNα+) production and cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Subsequently, challenge infection at 120 or 180 dpv, resulted in 2-3-fold lower parasite burden in vaccinated mice than was noted in unvaccinated/infected mice. Co-delivery of IL-12- and GMCSF-encoding expression plasmids provided no significant benefits in enhancing the anti-parasite efficacy of the vaccine-induced T cell immunity. Booster immunization (bi) with recombinant TcG2/TcG4 proteins 3-months after primary vaccine enhanced the protective efficacy, evidenced by an enhanced expansion (1.2-2.8-fold increase) of parasite-specific, type 1 CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and a potent CTL response capable of providing significantly improved (3-4.5-fold) control of infecting T. cruzi. Further, CD8+T cells in vaccinated/bi mice were predominantly of central memory phenotype, and capable of responding to challenge infection 4-6-months post bi by a rapid expansion to a poly-functional effector phenotype, and providing a 1.5-2.3-fold reduction in tissue parasite replication. We conclude that the TcG2/TcG4 D/P vaccine provided long-term anti-T. cruzi T cell immunity, and bi would be an effective strategy to maintain or enhance the vaccine-induced protective immunity against T. cruzi infection and Chagas disease.PLoS Pathogens 05/2015; 11(5):e1004828. DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004828 · 7.56 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in southern parts of the American continent. Herein, we have tested the protective efficacy of a DNA-prime/T. rangeli-boost (TcVac4) vaccine in a dog (Canis familiaris) model. Dogs were immunized with two-doses of DNA vaccine (pcDNA3.1 encoding TcG1, TcG2, and TcG4 antigens plus IL-12- and GM-CSF-encoding plasmids) followed by two doses of glutaraldehyde-inactivated T. rangeli epimastigotes (TrIE); and challenged with highly pathogenic T. cruzi (SylvioX10/4) isolate. Dogs given TrIE or empty pcDNA3.1 were used as controls. We monitored post-vaccination and post-challenge infection antibody response by an ELISA, parasitemia by blood analysis and xenodiagnosis, and heart function by electrocardiography. Post-mortem anatomic and pathologic evaluation of the heart was conducted. TcVac4 induced a strong IgG response (IgG2>IgG1) that was significantly expanded post-infection, and moved to a nearly balanced IgG2/IgG1 response in chronic phase. In comparison, dogs given TrIE or empty plasmid DNA only developed high IgG titers with IgG2 predominance in response to T. cruzi infection. Blood parasitemia, tissue parasite foci, parasite transmission to triatomines, electrocardiographic abnormalities were significantly lower in TcVac4-vaccinated dogs than was observed in dogs given TrIE or empty plasmid DNA only. Macroscopic and microscopic alterations, the hallmarks of chronic Chagas disease, were significantly decreased in the myocardium of TcVac4-vaccinated dogs. We conclude that TcVac4 induced immunity was beneficial in providing resistance to T. cruzi infection, evidenced by control of chronic pathology of the heart and preservation of cardiac function in dogs. Additionally, TcVac4 vaccination decreased the transmission of parasites from vaccinated/infected animals to triatomines.PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 04/2015; 9(4):e0003625. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003625 · 4.45 Impact Factor
Article: Caspase-1/ASC Inflammasome-Mediated Activation of IL-1 beta-ROS-NF-kappa B Pathway for Control of Trypanosoma cruzi Replication and Survival Is Dispensable in NLRP3(-/-) Macrophages[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this study, we have utilized wild-type (WT), ASC-/-, and NLRP3-/- macrophages and inhibition approaches to investigate the mechanisms of inflammasome activation and their role in Trypanosoma cruzi infection. We also probed human macrophages and analyzed published microarray datasets from human fibroblasts, and endothelial and smooth muscle cells for T. cruzi-induced changes in the expression genes included in the RT Profiler Human Inflammasome arrays. T. cruzi infection elicited a subdued and delayed activation of inflammasome-related gene expression and IL-1β production in mφs in comparison to LPS-treated controls. When WT and ASC-/- macrophages were treated with inhibitors of caspase-1, IL-1β, or NADPH oxidase, we found that IL-1β production by caspase-1/ASC inflammasome required reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a secondary signal. Moreover, IL-1β regulated NF-κB signaling of inflammatory cytokine gene expression and, subsequently, intracellular parasite replication in macrophages. NLRP3-/- macrophages, despite an inability to elicit IL-1β activation and inflammatory cytokine gene expression, exhibited a 4-fold decline in intracellular parasites in comparison to that noted in matched WT controls. NLRP3-/- macrophages were not refractory to T. cruzi, and instead exhibited a very high basal level of ROS (>100-fold higher than WT controls) that was maintained after infection in an IL-1β-independent manner and contributed to efficient parasite killing. We conclude that caspase-1/ASC inflammasomes play a significant role in the activation of IL-1β/ROS and NF-κB signaling of cytokine gene expression for T. cruzi control in human and mouse macrophages. However, NLRP3-mediated IL-1β/NFκB activation is dispensable and compensated for by ROS-mediated control of T. cruzi replication and survival in macrophages.PLoS ONE 11/2014; 9(11):e111539. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0111539 · 3.23 Impact Factor
Article: Serum-Mediated Activation of Macrophages Reflects TcVac2 Vaccine Efficacy against Chagas Disease[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Chagas disease is endemic in Latin America and an emerging infectious disease in the US. No effective treatments are available. TcG1, TcG2 and TcG4 antigens are highly conserved in clinically-relevant Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) isolates, and recognized by B and T cells in infected host. Delivery of these antigens as a DNA-prime/protein-boost vaccine (TcVac2) elicited lytic antibodies and type 1 CD8(+)T cells that expanded upon challenge infection, and provided >90% control of parasite burden and myocarditis in chagasic mice. Herein, we determined if peripheral blood can be utilized to capture the TcVac2-induced protection from Chagas disease. We evaluated the sera levels of TckDNA/Tc18SrDNA and murine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as indicators of parasite persistence and tissue damage; and monitored the effect of sera on macrophage phenotype. Circulating TckDNA/Tc18SrDNA and mtDNA were decreased by >3-5-fold and 2-fold, respectively, in vaccinated/infected mice as compared to non-vaccinated/infected mice. Macrophages incubated with sera from vaccinated/infected mice exhibited M2 surface markers (CD16, CD32, CD200 and CD206), moderate proliferation, low oxidative/nitrosative burst, and regulatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4+IL-10>TNF-α) response. In comparison, macrophages incubated with sera from non-vaccinated/infected mice exhibited M1 surface markers, vigorous proliferation, substantial oxidative/nitrosative burst, and proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α≫IL-4+IL-10) response. Cardiac infiltration of macrophages and TNF-α and oxidant levels were significantly reduced in TcVac2-immunized chagasic mice. We conclude that circulating TcDNA and mtDNA levels and macrophage phenotype mediated by sera constituents reflects in vivo levels of parasite persistence, tissue damage and inflammatory/anti-inflammatory state; and have potential utility in evaluating disease severity and efficacy of vaccines and drug therapies.Infection and immunity 01/2014; 82(4). DOI:10.1128/IAI.01186-13 · 3.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We characterized the immune responses elicited by a DNA-prime/MVA-boost vaccine (TcVac3) constituted of antigenic candidates (TcG2 and TcG4), shown to be recognized by B and T cell responses in Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) infected multiple hosts. C57BL/6 mice immunized with TcVac3 elicited a strong antigen-specific, high-avidity, trypanolytic antibody response (IgG2b>IgG1); and a robust antigen- and Tc-specific CD8(+)T cell response with type-1 cytokine (IFN-γ(+)TNF-α>IL-4(+)IL-10) and cytolytic effector (CD8(+)CD107a(+)IFN-γ(+)Perforin(+)) phenotype. The vaccine-induced effector T cells significantly expanded upon challenge infection and provided >92% control of T. cruzi. Co-delivery of IL-12 and GMCSF cytokine adjuvants didn't enhance the TcVac3-induced resistance to T. cruzi. In chronic phase, vaccinated/infected mice exhibited a significant decline (up to 70%) in IFN-γ(+)CD8(+)T cells, a predominance of immunoregulatory IL-10(+)/CD4(+)T and IL10(+)/CD8(+)T cells, and presented undetectable tissue parasitism, inflammatory infiltrate, and fibrosis in vaccinated/infected mice. In comparison, control mice responded to challenge infection by a low antibody response, mixed cytokine profile, and consistent activation of pro-inflammatory CD8(+)T cells associated with parasite persistence and pathologic damage in the heart. We conclude that TcVac3 elicited type-1 effector T cell immunity that effectively controlled T. cruzi infection, and subsequently, predominance of anti-inflammatory responses prevented chronic inflammation and myocarditis in chagasic mice.PLoS ONE 03/2013; 8(3):e59434. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0059434 · 3.23 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America and an emerging infectious disease in the US and Europe. We have shown TcG1, TcG2, and TcG4 antigens elicit protective immunity to T. cruzi in mice and dogs. Herein, we investigated antigenicity of the recombinant proteins in humans to determine their potential utility for the development of next generation diagnostics for screening of T. cruzi infection and Chagas disease. Sera samples from inhabitants of the endemic areas of Argentina-Bolivia and Mexico-Guatemala were analyzed in 1(st)-phase for anti-T. cruzi antibody response by traditional serology tests; and in 2(nd)-phase for antibody response to the recombinant antigens (individually or mixed) by an ELISA. We noted similar antibody response to candidate antigens in sera samples from inhabitants of Argentina and Mexico (n = 175). The IgG antibodies to TcG1, TcG2, and TcG4 (individually) and TcG(mix) were present in 62-71%, 65-78% and 72-82%, and 89-93% of the subjects, respectively, identified to be seropositive by traditional serology. Recombinant TcG1- (93.6%), TcG2- (96%), TcG4- (94.6%) and TcG(mix)- (98%) based ELISA exhibited significantly higher specificity compared to that noted for T. cruzi trypomastigote-based ELISA (77.8%) in diagnosing T. cruzi-infection and avoiding cross-reactivity to Leishmania spp. No significant correlation was noted in the sera levels of antibody response and clinical severity of Chagas disease in seropositive subjects. Three candidate antigens were recognized by antibody response in chagasic patients from two distinct study sites and expressed in diverse strains of the circulating parasites. A multiplex ELISA detecting antibody response to three antigens was highly sensitive and specific in diagnosing T. cruzi infection in humans, suggesting that a diagnostic kit based on TcG1, TcG2 and TcG4 recombinant proteins will be useful in diverse situations.PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 01/2013; 7(1):e2018. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002018 · 4.45 Impact Factor
Article: Defects of mtDNA Replication Impaired Mitochondrial Biogenesis During Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Human Cardiomyocytes and Chagasic Patients: The Role of Nrf1/2 and Antioxidant Response[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key determinant in chagasic cardiomyopathy development in mice; however, its relevance in human Chagas disease is not known. We determined if defects in mitochondrial biogenesis and dysregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) coactivator-1 (PGC-1)-regulated transcriptional pathways constitute a mechanism or mechanisms underlying mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency in human Chagas disease. We utilized human cardiomyocytes and left-ventricular tissue from chagasic and other cardiomyopathy patients and healthy donors (n>6/group). We noted no change in citrate synthase activity, yet mRNA and/or protein levels of subunits of the respiratory complexes were significantly decreased in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected cardiomyocytes (0 to 24 hours) and chagasic hearts. We observed increased mRNA and decreased nuclear localization of PGC-1-coactivated transcription factors, yet the expression of genes for PPARγ-regulated fatty acid oxidation and nuclear respiratory factor (NRF1/2)-regulated mtDNA replication and transcription machinery was enhanced in infected cardiomyocytes and chagasic hearts. The D-loop formation was normal or higher, but mtDNA replication and mtDNA content were decreased by 83% and 40% to 65%, respectively. Subsequently, we noted that reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, and mtDNA oxidation were significantly increased, yet NRF1/2-regulated antioxidant gene expression remained compromised in infected cardiomyocytes and chagasic hearts. The replication of mtDNA was severely compromised, resulting in a significant loss of mtDNA and expression of OXPHOS genes in T cruzi-infected cardiomyocytes and chagasic hearts. Our data suggest increased ROS generation and selective functional incapacity of NRF2-mediated antioxidant gene expression played a role in the defects in mtDNA replication and unfitness of mtDNA for replication and gene expression in Chagas disease.Journal of the American Heart Association 12/2012; 1(6):e003855. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.112.003855 · 4.31 Impact Factor
Article: Delivery of antigenic candidates by a DNA/MVA heterologous approach elicits effector CD8(+)T cell mediated immunity against Trypanosoma cruzi[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this study, we have characterized the immune mechanisms elicited by antigenic candidates, TcG2 and TcG4, delivered by a DNA-prime/MVA-boost approach, and evaluated the host responses to Trypanosoma cruzi infection in C57BL/6 mice. Immunization of mice with antigenic candidates elicited antigen-specific, high-avidity, trypanolytic antibody response (IgG2b>IgG1) and CD8(+)T cells that exhibited type-1 cytolytic effector (CD8(+)CD107a(+)IFN-γ(+)Perforin(+)) phenotype. The extent of TcG2-dependent type 1 B and T cell immunity was higher than that noted in TcG4-immunized mice, and expanded accordingly in response to challenge infection with T. cruzi. The progression of chronic phase in immunized mice was associated with persistence of IgGs, 55-90% reduction in the frequency of proinflammatory (IFN-γ(+) or TNF-α(+)) CD8(+)T cells, and an increase or emergence of immunoregulatory (IL-10(+)) CD4/CD8 T cells. The tissue parasitism, infiltration of inflammatory infiltrate, parasite persistence, and fibrosis were decreased by 82-92% in heart and skeletal muscle of immunized/chronically infected mice. Control mice exhibited a significantly low antibody response, consistent activation of effector CD8(+)T cells dominated by pro-inflammatory phenotype and mixed cytokine profile (IFN-γ+TNF-α>IL-4+IL-10), parasite persistence and pathologic damage in chagasic hearts. We conclude that delivery of TcG2 or TcG4 by DNA-rMVA approach elicits effective antibody and CD8(+)T cell mediated immunity against T. cruzi and Chagas disease. The emergence of type 2 cytokine and T cell response in chronic phase was indicative of prevention of clinical disease.Vaccine 10/2012; 30(50). DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.018 · 3.62 Impact Factor
Article: Serum Proteomic Signature of Human Chagasic Patients for the Identification of Novel Potential Protein Biomarkers of Disease[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Chagas disease is initiated upon infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Among the health consequences is a decline in heart function, and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this manifestation are not well understood. To explore the possible mechanisms, we employed IgY LC10 affinity chromatography in conjunction with ProteomeLab PF2D and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to resolve the proteome signature of high and low abundance serum proteins in chagasic patients. MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis yielded 80 and 14 differentially expressed proteins associated with cardiomyopathy of chagasic and other etiologies, respectively. The extent of oxidative stress-induced carbonyl modifications of the differentially expressed proteins (n = 26) was increased and coupled with a depression of antioxidant proteins. Functional annotation of the top networks developed by ingenuity pathway analysis of proteome database identified dysregulation of inflammation/acute phase response signaling and lipid metabolism relevant to production of prostaglandins and arachidonic acid in chagasic patients. Overlay of the major networks identified prothrombin and plasminogen at a nodal position with connectivity to proteome signature indicative of heart disease (i.e., thrombosis, angiogenesis, vasodilatation of blood vessels or the aorta, and increased permeability of blood vessel and endothelial tubes), and inflammatory responses (e.g., platelet aggregation, complement activation, and phagocyte activation and migration). The detection of cardiac proteins (myosin light chain 2 and myosin heavy chain 11) and increased levels of vinculin and plasminogen provided a comprehensive set of biomarkers of cardiac muscle injury and development of clinical Chagas disease in human patients. These results provide an impetus for biomarker validation in large cohorts of clinically characterized chagasic patients.Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 04/2012; 11(8):435-52. DOI:10.1074/mcp.M112.017640 · 6.56 Impact Factor
Article: Testing the Efficacy of a Multi-Component DNA-Prime/DNA-Boost Vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Dogs[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas Disease, is a major vector borne health problem in Latin America and an emerging infectious disease in the United States. We tested the efficacy of a multi-component DNA-prime/DNA-boost vaccine (TcVac1) against experimental T. cruzi infection in a canine model. Dogs were immunized with antigen-encoding plasmids and cytokine adjuvants, and two weeks after the last immunization, challenged with T. cruzi trypomastigotes. We measured antibody responses by ELISA and haemagglutination assay, parasitemia and infectivity to triatomines by xenodiagnosis, and performed electrocardiography and histology to assess myocardial damage and tissue pathology. Vaccination with TcVac1 elicited parasite-and antigen-specific IgM and IgG (IgG2>IgG1) responses. Upon challenge infection, TcVac1-vaccinated dogs, as compared to non-vaccinated controls dogs, responded to T. cruzi with a rapid expansion of antibody response, moderately enhanced CD8(+) T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production, and suppression of phagocytes' activity evidenced by decreased myeloperoxidase and nitrite levels. Subsequently, vaccinated dogs controlled the acute parasitemia by day 37 pi (44 dpi in non-vaccinated dogs), and exhibited a moderate decline in infectivity to triatomines. TcVac1-immunized dogs did not control the myocardial parasite burden and electrocardiographic and histopatholgic cardiac alterations that are the hallmarks of acute Chagas disease. During the chronic stage, TcVac1-vaccinated dogs exhibited a moderate decline in cardiac alterations determined by EKG and anatomo-/histo-pathological analysis while chronically-infected/non-vaccinated dogs continued to exhibit severe EKG alterations. Overall, these results demonstrated that TcVac1 provided a partial resistance to T. cruzi infection and Chagas disease, and provide an impetus to improve the vaccination strategy against Chagas disease.PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 05/2011; 5(5):e1050. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001050 · 4.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The pathology of Chagas disease presents a complicated and diverse picture in humans. The major complications and destructive evolutionary outcomes of chronic infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in humans include ventricular fibrillation, thromboembolism and congestive heart failure. Studies in animal models and human patients have revealed the pathogenic mechanisms during disease progression, pathology of disease and features of protective immunity. Accordingly, several antigens, antigen-delivery vehicles and adjuvants have been tested to elicit immune protection to T. cruzi in experimental animals. This review summarizes the research efforts in vaccine development against Chagas disease during the past decade.Advances in Parasitology 01/2011; 75:121-46. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-385863-4.00006-X · 6.23 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Inflammation is a host defence activated by exogenous (e.g. pathogen-derived, pollutants) or endogenous (e.g. reactive oxygen species-ROS) danger signals. Mostly, endogenous molecules (or their derivatives) have well-defined intracellular function but become danger signal when released or exposed following stress or injury. In this review, we discuss the potential role of ROS in chronic evolution of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases, using our experiences working on chagasic cardiomyopathy as a focus-point.Advances in Parasitology 01/2011; 76:153-70. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-385895-5.00007-4 · 6.23 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Chagas disease is a major health problem in Latin America, and an emerging infectious disease in the US. Previously, we have screened the Trypanosoma cruzi sequence database by a computational/bioinformatics approach, and identified antigens that exhibited the characteristics of vaccine candidates. We investigated the protective efficacy of a multi-component DNA-prime/protein-boost vaccine (TcVac2) constituted of the selected candidates and cytokine (IL-12 and GM-CSF) expression plasmids in a murine model. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with antigen-encoding plasmids plus cytokine adjuvants, followed by recombinant proteins; and two-weeks later, challenged with T. cruzi trypomastigotes. ELISA and flow cytometry were employed to measure humoral (antibody isotypes) and cellular (lymphocyte proliferation, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell phenotype and cytokines) responses. Myocardial pathology was evaluated by H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. TcVac2 induced a strong antigen-specific antibody response (IgG2b>IgG1) and a moderate level of lymphocyte proliferation in mice. Upon challenge infection, TcVac2-vaccinated mice expanded the IgG2b/IgG1 antibodies and elicited a substantial CD8(+) T cell response associated with type 1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) that resulted in control of acute parasite burden. During chronic phase, antibody response persisted, splenic activation of CD8(+) T cells and IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha cytokines subsided, and IL-4/IL-10 cytokines became dominant in vaccinated mice. The tissue parasitism, inflammation, and fibrosis in heart and skeletal muscle of TcVac2-vaccinated chronic mice were undetectable by histological techniques. In comparison, mice injected with vector or cytokines only responded to T. cruzi by elicitation of a mixed (type 1/type 2) antibody, T cell and cytokine response, and exhibited persistent parasite burden and immunopathology in the myocardium. TcVac2-induced activation of type 1 antibody and lymphocyte responses provided resistance to acute T. cruzi infection, and consequently, prevented the evolution of chronic immunopathology associated with parasite persistence in chagasic hearts.PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 08/2010; 4(8):e797. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000797 · 4.45 Impact Factor
Article: Phenyl-α-tert-butyl-nitrone and Benzonidazole Treatment Controlled the Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Evolution of Cardiomyopathy in Chronic Chagasic Rats[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the pathological importance of oxidative stress-induced injurious processes in chagasic heart dysfunction. Trypanosoma cruzi-induced inflammatory pathology and a feedback cycle of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress may contribute to Chagas disease. Sprague-Dawley rats were infected with T. cruzi and treated with phenyl-alpha-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), an antioxidant, and/or benzonidazole (BZ), an antiparasitic agent. We monitored myocardial parasite burden, oxidative adducts, mitochondrial complex activities, respiration, and adenosine triphosphate synthesis rates, and inflammatory and cardiac remodeling responses during disease development. The cardiac hemodynamics was determined for all rats. Benzonidazole (not PBN) decreased the parasite persistence and immune adverse events (proinflammatory cytokine expression, beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and myeloperoxidase activities, and inflammatory infiltrate) in chronically infected hearts. PBN +/- BZ (not BZ alone) decreased the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level, oxidative adducts (malonyldialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, carbonyls), hypertrophic gene expression (atrial natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic peptide, alpha-skeletal actin), and collagen deposition and preserved the respiratory chain efficiency and energy status in chronically infected hearts. Subsequently, LV dysfunction was prevented in PBN +/- BZ-treated chagasic rats. BZ treatment after the acute stage decreased the parasite persistence and inflammatory pathology. Yet, oxidative adducts, mitochondrial dysfunction, and remodeling responses persisted and contributed to declining cardiac function in chagasic rats. Combination treatment (PBN + BZ) was beneficial in arresting the T. cruzi-induced inflammatory and oxidative pathology and chronic heart failure in chagasic rats.Journal of the American College of Cardiology 06/2010; 55(22):2499-508. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.030 · 16.50 Impact Factor
Article: Trypanosoma cruzi Induces the Reactive Oxygen Species-PARP-1-RelA Pathway for Up-regulation of Cytokine Expression in Cardiomyocytes[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this study, we demonstrate that human cardiomyocytes (AC16) produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines in response to Trypanosoma cruzi. ROS were primarily produced by mitochondria, some of which diffused to cytosol of infected cardiomyocytes. These ROS resulted in an increase in 8-hydroxyguanine lesions and DNA fragmentation that signaled PARP-1 activation evidenced by poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) modification of PARP-1 and other proteins in infected cardiomyocytes. Phenyl-alpha-tert-butylnitrone blocked the mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) formation, DNA damage, and PARP-1 activation in infected cardiomyocytes. Further inhibition studies demonstrated that ROS and PARP-1 signaled TNF-alpha and IL-1beta expression in infected cardiomyocytes. ROS directly signaled the nuclear translocation of RelA (p65), NF-kappaB activation, and cytokine gene expression. PARP-1 exhibited no direct interaction with p65 and did not signal its translocation to nuclei in infected cardiomyocytes. Instead, PARP-1 contributed to PAR modification of p65-interacting nuclear proteins and assembly of the NF-kappaB transcription complex. PJ34 (PARP-1 inhibitor) also prevented mitochondrial poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) and ROS formation. We conclude that T. cruzi-mediated mtROS provide primary stimulus for PARP-1-NF-kappaB activation and cytokine gene expression in infected cardiomyocytes. PAR modification of mitochondrial membranes then results in a feedback cycle of mtROS formation and DNA damage/PARP-1 activation. ROS, either through direct modulation of cytosolic NF-kappaB, or via PARP-1-dependent PAR modification of p65-interacting nuclear proteins, contributes to cytokine gene expression. Our results demonstrate a link between ROS and inflammatory responses in cardiomyocytes infected by T. cruzi and provide a clue to the pathomechanism of sustained inflammation in Chagas disease.Journal of Biological Chemistry 02/2010; 285(15):11596-606. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M109.076984 · 4.57 Impact Factor
Article: Trypanosoma cruzi infection disturbs mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production rate in cardiomyocytes[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this study, we investigated the role of Trypanosoma cruzi invasion and inflammatory processes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a mouse atrial cardiomyocyte line (HL-1) and primary adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes were incubated with T. cruzi (Tc) trypomastigotes, Tc lysate (TcTL), or Tc secreted proteins (TcSP) for 0-72 h, and ROS were measured by amplex red assay. Cardiomyocytes infected by T. cruzi (but not those incubated with TcTL or TcSP) exhibited a linear increase in ROS production for 2-48 h postinfection (max 18-fold increase), which was further enhanced by recombinant cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma). We observed no increase in NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, or myeloperoxidase activity, and specific inhibitors of these enzymes did not block the increased rate of ROS production in infected cardiomyocytes. Instead, the mitochondrial membrane potential was perturbed and resulted in inefficient electron transport chain (ETC) activity and enhanced electron leakage and ROS formation in infected cardiomyocytes. HL-1 rho (rho) cardiomyocytes lacked a functional ETC and exhibited no increase in ROS formation in response to T. cruzi. Together, these results demonstrate that invasion by T. cruzi and an inflammatory milieu affect mitochondrial integrity and contribute to electron transport chain inefficiency and ROS production in cardiomyocytes.Free Radical Biology and Medicine 09/2009; 47(10):1414-21. DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.08.008 · 5.74 Impact Factor
Article: Oxidative Stress in Chagas Disease[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: There is growing evidence to suggest that chagasic myocardia are exposed to sustained oxidative stress induced injuries that may contribute to disease progression. Trypanosoma cruzi invasion- and replication-mediated cellular injuries and immune-mediated cytotoxic reactions are the common source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during acute infection. Mitochondria are proposed to be the major source of ROS in chronic chagasic hearts. However, it has not been established yet, whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a causative factor in chagasic cardiomyopathy or a consequence of other pathological events. A better understanding of oxidative stress in relation to cardiac tissue damage would be useful in the evaluation of its true role in the pathogenesis of Chagas disease and other heart diseases. In this review, we discuss the evidence for increased oxidative stress in chagasic disease, with emphasis on mitochondrial abnormalities, and its role in sustaining oxidative stress in myocardium.Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 02/2009; 2009:190354. DOI:10.1155/2009/190354
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University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
Galveston, Texas, United States
- • Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- • Department of Pathology

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290 Metropolitan Ave.,
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Tues-Fri, 3pm-2am; Sat-Sun, 12pm-2am *Hours to expand once weather gets warmer on regular basis
3pm-2am; $5 for pair of Blue Moons served in mason jars
Wed, 3pm-2am; $6 Bud + BBQ (1 beer + 1 pulled pork sandwich or Texas sausage)
Sun, noon-2am; $3 Killians and $2 Lionshead cans
J, M, Z at Marcy Ave.; G, L at Metropolitan Ave.-Lorimer St.
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Three separate yet equally important elements are at play here bikes, beer, and barbeque. Like a reverse mullet, the Shop is business in the back a working garage populated with rows of motorcycles and party in the front, where a relaxed little bar and café services a crowd that skews more fixie than Harley. Friendly staff deliver generously poured cocktails, while the beer selection is meager but functional: Killian's is the only draft on tap, but Blue Moon and cold cans of Bud reign supreme with the no-frills clientele anyway. Paper plates heavy with Elgin sausage, pulled pork, and smoked ribs are also crowd-pleasers, and the kitchen serves them up at an impressive clip. Venture up the skinny spiral staircase to reach a cozy parlor room ideal for group conversations, laptop lounging, or spying other people's rides in the garage below.Garage Rock
The Shop further utilizes its nifty space by regularly booking live shows. Bands work their magic on the same greasy floor the mechanics do, wedging amps and drum kits between the crowd and the bikes. It's very likely the only place in town you can watch a rock show play out in front an army of motorcycles.
Picnics with a view, roller-skating nostalgia, and a party for gay headbangers.


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Product Details
Scion tC 2005-2010, FAB Style Body Kit by Duraflex®. Have your own ideas about how your car should look like? Add style and performance to your car with this superior body kit. This kit offers breathtaking style and improved aerodynamics in one package at a price that can't be beat. Each part may be ordered separately. Professional installation is required.
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Extreme Dimensions® is recognized as one of the premier aerodynamic body part manufacturers in the world. Since their inception in 2000, the company has been dedicated to quality, value and customer service, consistently exceeding industry standards. Today, Extreme Dimensions offers over 7,000 products in carbon fiber, polyurethane and fiberglass. The company employs over 300 people at their 100,000 square foot U.S. headquarters and 200,000 square foot overseas manufacturing facility. Manufacturing and distributing the most innovative and largest selection of aerodynamic products in the industry, Extreme Dimensions' focus is always to meet the needs of the automotive and truck markets.Product Reviews (5)
Every Customer can leave a review about our service and the product that was purchased. In order to leave your review for your new product, please follow the link in the email you receive after completing your purchase. You can rate appearance, ease of installation, price/value and product quality.Duraflex® - FAB Style Body KitAverage Rating: 4.2 of 5APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITYAll Duraflex Reviews(4)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITY2010 Scion tC | Posted by Randle | (Santee, CA)
My body person had a difficult time fitting to the vehicle, but looks great!Was this review helpful for you? YesNoShare this review:(4.5)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITY2010 Scion tC | Posted by Adam | (Killeen, TX)
I love the look of this product. Installation for the shop was more difficult than expected though. Worked all day to get it to fit right. 90% perfect fit. Value is awesome, cheaper than anywhere else and shipping was fast.Was this review helpful for you? YesNoShare this review:(4.3)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITY2010 Scion tC | Posted by Darian | (Fresno, CA)
This product is overall one of the best body kits from Duraflex in my opinion. Fiberglass is quality. Easy to install. Completely worth it for both appearance and performance.2 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful for you? YesNoShare this review:(4.5)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITY2010 Scion tC | Posted by Brandon | (Leander, TX)
This body kit is awesome.3 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful for you? YesNoShare this review:(3.8)APPEARANCEEASE OF INSTALLATIONPRICE/VALUEQUALITY2007 Scion tC | Posted by Miller | (Savannah, GA)
They look nice, but need a lot of fiberglassing to put on the car.11 people found this review helpful.Was this review helpful for you? YesNoShare this review:
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2015 April 28
In Focus
Didn't get to Hannover Messe? Take a virtual tour of the SKF stand and explore SKF innovation on your time, from anywhere in the world.
2015 March 05
SKF Annual Report 2014 available
The report provides a fully integrated format for the financial, environmental and social performance of the SKF Group.
2015 March 02
Power the FutureSKF has developed a new thought leadership report entitled 'Power the Future', that focuses on current and emerging trends in engineering technology and processes. It outlines how the factory, machinery and the workforce will evolve in the near future.
2014 December 15
Knowledge gets noticedThe Internet of Things, Internet of Anything or Industrial Internet. Call it what you will, the principle is the same: building a web of connectivity where machines, people and systems achieve unparalleled levels of productivity and efficiency.
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Company news
2015 April 14, 14:00 CEST
SKF appoints Christian Johansson new CFO
Gothenburg, 14 April 2015: Christian Johansson has been appointed Senior Vice President and CFO of AB SKF.Christian Johansson is...
2015 April 08, 08:00 CEST
SKF's first quarter results to be published on 17 April 2015
Gothenburg, Sweden, 8 April 2015: The SKF Group will publish its results for the first quarter on 17 April 2015 and welcomes investors,...
2015 March 26, 16:00 CET
Annual General Meeting of AB SKF
Gothenburg, 26 March 2015: The Annual General Meeting of Aktiebolaget SKF, parent company of the SKF Group, was held in Göteborg on...
- 2015 April 14, 14:00 CEST
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Boston Medical Center news, features, and physicians in local and national media.
Boston Medical Center - Yawkey Pavilion
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Primary Care-Based Addiction Treatment Lowers Substance Dependence in People with or at High Risk of HIV
Sept. 29, 2015
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Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Use Disorders in Primary Care Increases Patient Access
Aug. 31, 2015
Boston Medical Center Finds Education Intervention with Medical Resident Physicians Leads to Improved Understanding of Transgender Issues
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For more BMC press releases, please click to see our News Release Archive.possible eventual curepossible eventual cure


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Bio: Introspective Sounds has been creating electronic music since the beginning of 2012, and has a style that is truly unique and diverse. Many of his tracks are downtempo and range from hip-hop to more abstract IDM. Each piece that he creates transmits an inspirational meaning and usually has its ow...See Full Bio


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Religion in the Czech Republic
Religion in the Czech Republic was dominated by Christianity until at least the first half of the 20th century; since then it has steadily declined and today the Czech Republic has one of the least religious populations in the world.
Historically, the Czech people have been characterised as "tolerant and even indifferent towards religion".[4] According to the 2011 census, 34.2% of the population stated they had no religion, 10.3% was Roman Catholic and 10.2% followed other forms of religion both denominational or not. 45.2% of the population did not answer the question about religion.[3] From 1991 to 2001 and further to 2011 the adherence to Roman Catholicism decreased from 39.0% to 26.8% and then to 10.3%.[5]
According to a Eurobarometer Poll in 2010,[6] 16% of Czech citizens responded that "they believe there is a God" (the lowest rate among the countries of the European Union), whereas 44% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 37% said that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force".
|Roman Catholic Church
|Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren
|Czechoslovak Hussite Church
|believers identified with another certain religions
|believers not identified with a certain religion
|no religion
|no response, unknown
|total population
Christianity has historically been the largest religion in the country, with virtually all Czechs being Christians until the 19th century. The Czechs gradually converted to Christianity from Slavic paganism between the 8th and the 10th century. Bořivoj I, Duke of Bohemia, baptised by the Saints Cyril and Methodius, was the first ruler of Bohemia to officially adopt Christianity as the state religion. Christianity has been on the decline since the 20th century and today only 13.9% of the Czech population still declare themselves religious of which 10.3% Catholics and less than 1% Protestant.[3]
Roman Catholicism[edit]
Roman Catholicism was the main form of Christianity practiced by the Czechs (96.5% in 1910), until it started to decline after World War I and the breakup of Austria-Hungary due to a popular anti-Austrian and anticlerical mass movement.[10] During the Czechoslovak unification under a Communist regime, most of the properties of the Church were confiscated by the government, although some were later returned. After the Communist regime fell, 39.0% of Czechs were still found to be Catholic in 1991, but the faith has continued to rapidly decline since. As of 2011 only 10.3% of the Czechs still considered themselves Catholic, which is about the same as in Protestant-majority England.
The rapid trend away from Roman Catholic identification and toward irreligion in the Czech Republic stands in stark contrast to the situation in neighboring Poland or Slovakia.
In the 15th century, the religious and social reformer Jan Hus formed a movement later named after him. Although Hus was named a heretic and burnt in Constance in 1415, his followers seceded from the Catholic Church and in the Hussite Wars (1419–1434) defeated five crusades organized against them by the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund. Petr Chelčický continued with the Czech Hussite Reformation movement. During the next two centuries, most of the Czechs became adherents of Hussitism.
After 1526 Bohemia came increasingly under Habsburg control as the Habsburgs became first the elected and then the hereditary rulers of Bohemia. The Defenestration of Prague and subsequent revolt against the Habsburgs in 1618 marked the start of the Thirty Years' War, which quickly spread throughout Central Europe. In 1620, the rebellion in Bohemia was crushed at the Battle of White Mountain, and the ties between Bohemia and the Habsburgs' hereditary lands in Austria were strengthened. The war had a devastating effect on the local population; the people were forced to convert to Roman Catholicism.
Today Protestantism has declined to be a small minority in the country, with only 0.5% of the Czechs adhering to the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren and 0.4% to the Czechoslovak Hussite Church.[3]
The 2001 census counted 6,817 registered Buddhists in the Czech republic.[5] Most of the Vietnamese ethnic minority, which make up the largest immigrant ethnic group in the country, are adherents of Mahayana Buddhism. The Vietnamese mostly dwell in the cities of Prague and Cheb. Thein An Buddhist Temple in the northern province of Varnsdorf was the first Vietnamese-style temple to be consecrated in the Czech Republic, in January 2008. There are also ten Korean Buddhist temples in the Czech Republic, with three each in Prague and Brno.[11]
Ethnic Czech Buddhists are otherwise mostly followers of Vajrayana Buddhism (Tibetan Buddhism). The Vajrayana practitioners are mainly centered on the Nyingma and Kagyu schools. The Karma Kagyu tradition has established about 50 centers and meditation groups. The Diamond Way tradition of Vajrayana Buddhism, founded and directed by Ole Nydahl is active in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia. A large temple of the school is going to be built in the city of Prague.[12]
The revived native religion of the Slavs (Rodnovery in English, Rodnověří in Czech) has a presence in the Czech Republic.[13] The largest organisation is the "Community of the Native Faith". There are also Wiccan followers,[14] and one Kemetic group in the country, Per Kemet.
With its small immigrant population, the Czech Republic has a smaller Muslim community in comparison to other European countries. The 2001 census counted 3,699 Muslims in the country.[5]
The Czech Republic is one of the least religious countries in the world.
- ^ a b "Úvodní stránka - SLDB 2011". czso.cz.
- ^ "Population by religious belief and by municipality size groups" (PDF). Czech Statistical Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-21. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Population by religious belief by regions" (PDF). Czech Statistical Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-04. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
- ^ Richard Felix Staar, Communist regimes in Eastern Europe, Issue 269, p. 90
- ^ a b c "Population by denomination and sex: as measured by 1921, 1930, 1950, 1991 and 2001 censuses" (PDF) (in Czech and English). Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
- ^ "Eurobarometer on Biotechnology 2010 – page 381" (PDF). Retrieved 1 February 2013.
- ^ "Population by denomination and sex: as measured by 1921, 1930, 1950, 1991 and 2001 censuses" (PDF) (in Czech and English). Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
- ^ "Tab 7.1 Population by religious belief and by municipality size groups" (PDF) (in Czech). Czso.cz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-02-21. Retrieved 2013-11-19.
- ^ "Tab 7.2 Population by religious belief and by regions" (PDF) (in Czech). Czso.cz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-04. Retrieved 2013-11-19.
- ^ Wolfram Kaiser; Helmut Wohnout (2004). Political Catholicism in Europe 1918-1945. Taylor & Francis. pp. 181–2. ISBN 978-0-203-64246-7.
- ^ Korean Buddhist congregations in the Czech Republic, Buddha Dharma Education Association, 2006, retrieved 2010-05-01
- ^ S.Parker (12 January 2013). "West Wight Sangha - Biggest Czech Buddhist Centre Being Built in Prague". west-wight-sangha.blogspot.it. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
- ^ Kaarina Aitamurto, Scott Simpson. Modern Pagan and Native Faith Movements in Central and Eastern Europe. Part II, 11: Neo-Paganism in the Czech Republic, Anna-Marie Dostalova. 2013. ISBN 1844656624
- ^ Ryan Scott. Pagans help ring in the spring - Seasonal 'Beltane' rituals flourish in the Czech Republic. The Prague Post, 2011.


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Practical and portable, this Marker Board may be hung from any room divider. Also includes adjustable strap hangers that give you the ability to adjust the height of the board.
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|Product Type: Whiteboard
|Style: Free Standing; Wall Mounted
|Size: Small 2' - 4'
|Sliding Unit: No
|Reversible: No
|Magnetic: No
|Graphic/Grid: No
|Combination Board: No
|Casters: No
Framed: Yes
|Country of Manufacture: United States
About the ManufacturerThe mission of Screenflex is to provide quality affordable portable partitions to enable you to make better use of your facilities. As architects, Screenflex has designed and developed Screenflex partitions with a clear understanding of your budgets, your building costs, and the need to make the best use of every square foot of your buildings.
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text: Glenn Regent | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information Official Broadway League sites: - sites - broadway.org broadwayleague.com broadwayfanclub.com kidsnightonbroadway.com stagespecs.org tonyawards.com Quick Search For: In This Category: All Show People/Org. Theatre Season Glenn Regent Performer Male Productions ProductionsDate of ProductionsSignature[Play, Original] Performer: Glenn Regent [Elnathan Stone]Feb 14, 1945 - Feb 15, 1945 Find out where Glenn Regent and are credited together © 2001-2015, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. (Copyright and Disclaimer)


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Hi guys, im new here. '05 F350 5-speed. A few weeks ago I was driving down the road and the truck just shut off and wouldn't restart, so I had it towed home and it still wouldn't start. I unhooked the batteries and let it sit over night went out the next day and hooked them back up, low and behold it started rite up. It ran rough(which was what was usual since i didnt realized at the time the FICM was bad) but still idled and ran, I revved it up 2 or 3 times and on the last time it just shut off like I had turned off the key, then wouldnt restart. So after doing some testing and finding out the my FICM wasnt putting out the rite voltages I sent it to FICMrepair.com and had it fixed. It came back, I tried starting and still no start, so I went to what seemed to be the next common issues the IPR and the STC fitting, the screen was broke on my IPR, so I replaced the IPR. I replaced the STC fitting which was loose but not falling apart. Then after putting everything back together I hit the key and It fired up, took some cranking but I attributed that to having so much taken apart and things needing to get primed back up. Then I revved it up a couple time and low and behold it shut off again and wouldnt restart. So could anyone give me any ideas of were to look from here? Thanks
Search hpo leak or hpop leak or ipr vs icp and that should solve your issues... Whats ur icp, ipr, fuel pressure readings?
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InEar StageDiver SD-3
" Tested on various classical and jazz pieces, found the SD3 to give commanding performance on all. Note, I used high quality flac versions of all songs tested. SD3's are about two days old and have about 8 hours on them, hardly broken in. They were bought from this shop and imported into the states at the regular retail price. Eartips used were Sony hybrids, peach inner..." --Carlsan
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"Before starting the review I'd like to explain a few thing about myself so you can contextualize my advice/review. I'm a 24 years old student in IT, my passion in life is Sound Design, I also like the mixing / mastering phase of electronic record. I don't play any instrument since I can't due to an accident that cut my tendons and ligaments on one of my hands. I listen almost..." --nofuture
In Ear iPhone Headphones with Microphone and Play/Pause Button in Aluminum on White
The UM1 is a single balanced armature driver universal-fit earphone offering excellent sound at an entry-level price. With comfortable Comply tips, the UM1 provides hours of fatigue free listening with up to 25 dB of ambient noise reduction. The UM1 is the perfect entry-level earpiece for performing and personal listening. Equipped with a durable 50" stereo "Y" cord and a 3.5mm...


text: Norman Feld | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information Official Broadway League sites: - sites - broadway.org broadwayleague.com broadwayfanclub.com kidsnightonbroadway.com stagespecs.org tonyawards.com Quick Search For: In This Category: All Show People/Org. Theatre Season Norman Feld Performer Male Productions ProductionsDate of ProductionsUncle Willie[Play, Comedy, Original] Performer: Norman Feld [Leo]Dec 20, 1956 - Apr 20, 1957 Find out where Norman Feld and are credited together © 2001-2015, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. (Copyright and Disclaimer)


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MJ's hologram performance leaves fans emotional
Michael Jackson's hologram performance that debuted at the Billboard Music Awards left some members of the audience very emotional.
The hologram, which mirrored King of Pop's signature slick dance moves, performed 'Slave to the Rhythm' along with a plethora of background dancers, beaming lights and fire blasts, Stuff.co.nz reported.
A federal judge had earlier ruled that the Billboard Music Awards can use a hologram of the deceased pop icon, rejecting efforts from tech companies seeking to block the digital performance.
(Posted on 19-05-2014)
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Join the Team - Hospitality and Hotel Jobs in Llandudno
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Duty Manager for Maternity Cover, Mainenance Assistant, Houskeeping Assistants, Restaurant Assistants, Bar Assistants, Sommelier or Wine Waiter, Waitress, Chef de Partie, Receptionist


text: This little coffee house was a life saver while I was a student in Harbin. While I loved the local cuisine in Harbin, once in awhile it was oh-so-nice to have a coffee and sandwich here. It is a tiny cafe but charming and I always found the staff to be very polite.


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Awe and delight children and adults alike with the Nordic Ware Holiday Tree Bundt Cake Pan. This 3D Christmas tree design is complete with bulb ornaments and a train set motif encircling the base. The Nordicware Holiday Tree cake pan is make of cast aluminum to insure even baking of your Christmas tree bundt cake. The Nordic Ware Holiday Tree cake pan also has a non stick finish to allow the cake to come out easily without damaging the intricate details of this wonderful Holiday bundt cake.
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Is your resume in need of a little disruption?
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making things work better.
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StartUpHire is the place to find Corporate-Sales-Representative jobs in and near . Review the list below of Corporate-Sales-Representative jobs. These Corporate-Sales-Representative jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available. You can refine your job search for Corporate-Sales-Representative jobs in by adding a job title, company name, or keyword to the search box above … or click the "Advanced Search" link for more options. Don't see the employment opportunity you're looking for? Check back soon for more Corporate-Sales-Representative jobs in , or sign up for an email alert (link in upper left) to receive periodic updates on new Corporate-Sales-Representative jobs in , .
Location: Scottsdale, AZ Opening Date: Now Job Description We are looking for a talented and competitive Inside Sales Representative that thrives in a quick sales cycle environment. The successful candidate will play a fundamental role in achieving our ambitious customer9/6/2015 Scottsdale, AZ Save This Job
Position Location: Intematix Corporate Headquarters, Fremont, CA Reports to: VP of Sales General Purpose/Objectives: The sales representative is responsible for actively driving and managing the overall sales process with key accounts in the USA. As the main customer contact for9/8/2015 Fremont, CA Save This Job
What We Do: The Fieldglass Vendor Management System (VMS) allows organizations to better procure and manage their flexible workforces, including contingent labor, independent contractors and services managed through Statements of Work. Leading companies rely on Fieldglass to gain8/17/2015 Chicago, IL Save This Job
ExaDigm, Inc. is an innovator of Point of Sale and Machine-To-Machine (M2M) solutions for the financial services and M2M industries. For more information, visit www.exadigm.com. Job Purpose: The West Coast Sales Representative will sell our POS and M2M solutions within the8/23/2015 Santa Ana, CA Save This Job
Job ID 2015-3098 Job Location US-TX-Austin Category North American Sales Type Full-Time More information about this job About Bazaarvoice Bazaarvoice is a network that connects brands and retailers to the authentic voices of people where they shop. Each month, more than 5008/16/2015 Austin, TX Save This Job
About PreEmptive Solutions PreEmptive Solutions is growing rapidly. We have an immediate need to hire and grow our professional staff. We have more than 5,000 corporate clients in over 100 countries. We are a recognized global leader in software source code protection,8/29/2015 Mayfield Village, OH Save This Job
Location : Eatontown NJ US 07724 Job Type : Full Time Shift/Hours : First Shift (Day) Career Level : Experienced (Non-Manager) Education : Bachelor's Degree Category : Sales/Retail/Business Development Job Description : At Yorktel we don?t make video, we make video work. We8/10/2015 Eatontown, NJ Save This Job
Quantcast, a revolutionary company focused on media analytics and targeted advertising is growing its Corporate Sales team in Austin, TX. Quantcast seeks entrepreneurial media sales professionals to grow company revenues and acquire new advertisers.We are8/21/2015 Austin, TX Save This Job
Quantcast, a revolutionary audience intelligence and addressable advertising service, has aggressive plans for expanding its sales teams.8/25/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Location: Burlington, MA Business Development Representative ? Audit Services Seeking a highly-organized, energetic Business Development Representative to join Black Duck?s name brand, industry-leading Audit Services group. You will work in a range of capacities to develop9/1/2015 Burlington, MA Save This Job
TubeMogul is seeking a Corporate Account Executive to help generate revenue with an emphasis on new product sales to our growing client base. You will have the unique opportunity to be the customer interface of an exciting new technology as TubeMogul continues to establish itself9/5/2015 Emeryville, CA Save This Job
Position OverviewIntacct makes small and midsized businesses (SMBs) and CPA firms more productive and improves company performance by providing award winning cloud computing financial management and accounting applications. We are the preferred provider of financial applications8/8/2015 San Jose, CA Save This Job
Quantcast is looking for an exceptional individual to contribute on our Publisher Development team to the rapid growth of the Measure audience analytics service. The Measure Sales Development Representative (SDR) will be responsible for identifying and en8/19/2015 San Francisco, CA Save This Job
Sprout Social provides social media engagement, publishing and analytic tools for leading brands including GrubHub, Spotify, Urban Outfitters and Zipcar.9/28/2015 Chicago, IL Save This Job
Our Company Imperva - The Data Center Security Leader. We are pioneering the third pillar of enterprise security, filling the gaps in endpoint and network security by directly protecting high-value applications and data assets in physical and virtual data centers. With an8/9/2015 Redwood City, CA Save This Job
Sales Washington, DC, United States The role: Regional Sales Manager, preferred location to be in the Washington DC area The Regional Sales Manager (RSM) will be responsible to sell all Imperva Solutions and Services, by interacting with the existing customers or prospects9/8/2015 Washington, DC Save This Job
Sales New York, NY, United States Regional Sales Manager, New York Imperva (NYSE: IMPV), is a leading provider of cyber security solutions that protect business-critical data and applications. The company?s SecureSphere?, Incapsula? and Skyfence? product lines enable9/8/2015 New York, NY Save This Job
The opportunity- Regional Sales Manager, can be located in either the Bay Area, CA, Portland, OR-- Imperva, Inc. The Regional Sales Manager (RSM) will be responsible to sell all Imperva Solutions and Services, by interacting with the existing customers or prospects within the9/8/2015 Bay Area, CA Save This Job
Regional Sales Manager, Southeast & Carolinas Imperva (NYSE: IMPV), is a leading provider of cyber security solutions that protect business-critical data and applications. The company?s SecureSphere?, Incapsula? and Skyfence? product lines enable organizations to discoverassets9/8/2015 Atlanta, GA Save This Job
Sales Washington DC, DC, United States Regional Sales Manager, Civilian Federal--- Imperva, Inc. Imperva (NYSE: IMPV), is a leading provider of cyber security solutions that protect business-critical data and applications. The company?s SecureSphere?, Incapsula? and Skyfence?9/8/2015 Washington, DC Save This Job


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Artist: Ninety Pound Wuss
Song Title: Intermediate Laceration
could you sense the tension?
thickness was building,
yet for a surprise crimson starlight.
your chanting my curse.
it's a lovesick dead end.
your whitewashed lies.
your clean cut sneer.
your whitewashed lies.
tongue tied undone.
your whitewashed lies.
you've wasted my time again.
it's all wound up in one big surprise.
new action, fresh flesh.
oh, tonight i dance my demise.
could be my last dance.
could be my own death.
can you see me bleed?
i am the wounded.
i am the injured.
oh scarlet, where's my last dance?
oh scarlet, where are you now?
From http://www.lyrics007.com


text:
In an effort to continue my e-biking...Are any of you Homers using this brake? Care to throw out some pros/cons - likes/dislikes???
I'm thinking of selling off my Moto V2's and switching to the X2 with f/r 183mm rotors but I just don't know if I want to give up the awesome braking control of the Moto. Help me out.
Results 1 to 25 of 45
Thread: Hope Tech X2 brake
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NEWPORT – The last few years have been challenging for North Country Hospital, including the year 2013, which included some troublesome issues.
The hospital has a new facilities director who is evaluating all of the entities under North Country Health Systems Inc. to make sure everything is functioning properly and in compliance. Making sure everyone is protected and safe is a top priority, hospital CEO Claudio Fort said in a recent interview.
Please see The Newport Daily Express Monday for the complete story.
ORLEANS–What started as a one-sided display of domination turned into a gritty battle to the finish as the Lake Region girls squared off against the Richford Rockets.
Although Lake Region would ultimately lose 48-43, their second half effort gave the fans at the Don Harter Memorial a glimpse of what this team is capable off when the chips are down and their backs are against the wall.
No. Country 3, CVU/SBHS 2
SO. BURLINGTON–After falling behind 2-0 in the first period, the North Country girls rallied back, scoring once in the first and twice in the second to get the win and move to 5-3 on the season.
"It was a really good game," said NCU coach Claude Paul. "Several players stepped up for us, including Mikaella (Doran) who showed us some glimpses of what she is capable of and Emilie (Paul) who played lock-down defense while covering one of their top players."
NEWPORT-North Country was looking for their second win against the Lyndon Institute Vikings on Saturday afternoon, and they got it, winning by the score of 41-29. For the full story, see the Express on 1-6-13.
NEWPORT-With temperatures hovering near minus 15 degrees, the North Country boys basketball team ran into a hot shooting Colchester Laker squad, and came out on the tough end of a 79-46 score.
The game featured the return of Marquel Taylor-Webster to the area.
Marquel was a member of the UCA squad last season, but transferred to Colchester this school year.
He would put up 6 points in his return.
The Falcons were led by Rejean Roberge, who scored 9 points in the loss.
1-4 North Country will travel to face South Burlington on Monday. Tip-off is at 6:30.
ORLEANS-It was a night of firsts for the Lake Region basketball program on Thursday.
First, the Lake Region girls won their first game of the season, defeating Lyndon 47-38.
Emily Lawson led the way for the 1-4 Lady Rangers with 14 pts.
Said LR coach Joe Houston on getting the all important first win, "It feels really good. We talk about how we're patient, and that the losses are ok because we are building, but it does definitely feels good to get one in the win column."
Please see The Newport Daily Express Friday to read who the first baby is and who her parents are.
The flu virus H1N1, formerly called the swine flu that emerged in 2009, is rearing its ugly head once again; although it really never left the world.
It is being referred to as pH1N1 with the "p" standing for pandemic.
Please see The Newport Daily Express Friday for the complete story.
NEWPORT CITY - CNN, a popular news network, has named the Northeast Kingdom Tasting Center as one of the top 50 places to visit in the United States in 2014.
Last week's ice storm damaged numerous trees and left some Vermonters in the dark for several days. While many have recovered from the damage, maple producers across the state have to wait and see what, if any, the long-term effects will be.


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Welcome to Matlock Angling Club
Welcome to the Matlock Angling Club website. Matlock Angling Club is a small, affordable, accessible Club of approximately 300 members with fishing venues on local ponds, canals and lengthy stretches of the River Derwent.The club offers a variety of fishing opportunities including pleasure angling, match fishing, fly fishing for trout and grayling and specimen hunting. All our waters are well maintained by our members and regularly bailiffed. The Club is proactive and dedicated to its on-going improvement programme whilst at the same time keen to maintain the picturesque qualities of our waters here in the Derbyshire Dales. Matlock Angling Club has an active match section at both local and national level and a thriving Junior development programme.


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Symbolism (arts) Distinct from, but related to, the style of literature, symbolism of art is related to the gothic component of Romanticism.
The term "symbolism" is derived from the word "symbol" which derives from the Latin symbolum, a symbol of faith, and symbolus, a sign of recognition, in turn from classical Greek συμβόλον symbolon, an object cut in half constituting a sign of recognition when the carriers were able to reassemble the two halves. Children's literature. A mother reads to her children, depicted by Jessie Willcox Smith in a cover illustration of a volume of fairy tales written in the mid to late 19th century.
Children's literature or juvenile literature includes stories, books, magazines, and poems that are enjoyed by children. Modern children's literature is classified in two different ways: genre or the intended age of the reader. Children's literature can be traced to stories and songs, part of a wider oral tradition, that adults shared with children before publishing existed.
Digital art. Wade GuytonUntitled (2008) Epson UltraChrome inkjet prints on linen 84 x 587 inches still from Jeremy Blake's Winchester Redux, a 5 min. digital video with sound, continuous loop (2004)
Graham Johnson. Folk art. Detail of 17th century calendar stick carved with national coat of arms, a common motif in Norwegian folk art.
Folk art encompasses art produced from an indigenous culture or by peasants or other laboring tradespeople. In contrast to fine art, folk art is primarily utilitarian and decorative rather than purely aesthetic.[1] Folk Art is characterized by a naive style, in which traditional rules of proportion and perspective are not employed. Closely related terms are Outsider Art, Self-Taught Art and Naïve art.[2]
French. American. Canadian. Italian Renaissance. Era[edit] The European Renaissance began in Tuscany (Central Italy), and centred in the cities of Florence and Siena.
It later spread to Venice, where the remains of ancient Greek culture were brought together, providing humanist scholars with new texts. The Renaissance later had a significant effect on Rome, which was ornamented with some structures in the new all'antico mode, then was largely rebuilt by humanist sixteenth-century popes. High Renaissance. Overview[edit]
Leonardo da Vinci. Leonardo is revered for his technological ingenuity.
File:Última Cena - Da Vinci 5.jpg. Michelangelo. Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), commonly known as Michelangelo (Italian pronunciation: [mikeˈlandʒelo]), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.[1] Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his fellow Italian Leonardo da Vinci.
In a demonstration of Michelangelo's unique standing, he was the first Western artist whose biography was published while he was alive.[2] Two biographies were published of him during his lifetime; one of them, by Giorgio Vasari, proposed that he was the pinnacle of all artistic achievement since the beginning of the Renaissance, a viewpoint that continued to have currency in art history for centuries. Life Early life, 1475-88. Raphael. Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino[2] (April 6 or March 28, 1483 – April 6, 1520[3]), better known simply as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance.
His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for its visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Abstract art. Robert Delaunay, 1912-13, Le Premier Disque, 134 cm (52.7 in.), Private collection.
Abstract art, nonfigurative art, nonobjective art, and nonrepresentational art are loosely related terms. They are similar, but perhaps not of identical meaning. Both geometric abstraction and lyrical abstraction are often totally abstract. Among the very numerous art movements that embody partial abstraction would be for instance fauvism in which color is conspicuously and deliberately altered vis-a-vis reality, and cubism, which blatantly alters the forms of the real life entities depicted.[3][4] History[edit]
Romanticism. Defining Romanticism[edit] Basic characteristics[edit] Defining the nature of Romanticism may be approached from the starting point of the primary importance of the free expression of the feelings of the artist. Art of Europe. The art of Europe encompasses the history of visual art in Europe. European prehistoric art started as mobile rock, and cave painting art, and was characteristic of the period between the Paleolithic and the Iron Age.[1] Written histories of European art often begin with the art of the Ancient Middle East, and the Ancient Aegean civilisations, dating from the 3rd millennium BC.
Parallel with these significant cultures, art of one form or another existed all over Europe, wherever there were people, leaving signs such as carvings, decorated artifacts and huge standing stones. However a consistent pattern of artistic development within Europe becomes clear only with the art of Ancient Greece, adopted and transformed by Rome and carried; with the Empire, across much of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.
[citation needed] Post-Impressionism. Post-Impressionism (also spelled Postimpressionism[1]) is the term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art since Manet. Fry used the term when he organized the 1910 exhibition Manet and the Post-Impressionists. Post-Impressionists extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations: they continued using vivid colours, often thick application of paint, and real-life subject matter, but they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary colour. Overview[edit] Expressionism.
Expressionism was a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it radically for emotional effect in order to evoke moods or ideas.[1][2] Expressionist artists sought to express meaning[3] or emotional experience rather than physical reality.[3][4] Impressionism. Impressionism is a 19th-century art movement that originated with a group of Paris-based artists. Their independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870s and 1880s, in spite of harsh opposition from the conventional art community in France. The name of the style derives from the title of a Claude Monet work, Impression, soleil levant (Impression, Sunrise), which provoked the critic Louis Leroy to coin the term in a satirical review published in the Parisian newspaper Le Charivari.
Overview[edit] Radicals in their time, early Impressionists violated the rules of academic painting. They constructed their pictures from freely brushed colours that took precedence over lines and contours, following the example of painters such as Eugène Delacroix and J. Classicism. Art history. Renaissance. The Renaissance (UK /rɨˈneɪsəns/, US /ˈrɛnɨsɑːns/, French pronunciation: [ʁənɛsɑ̃s], from French: Renaissance "re-birth", Italian: Rinascimento, from rinascere "to be reborn")[1] was a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. Edwardian era. The Edwardian era or Edwardian period in the United Kingdom is the period covering the reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910, and is sometimes extended beyond Edward's death to include years leading up to World War I.
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (also known as the Pre-Raphaelites) was a group of English painters, poets, and critics, founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. The three founders were joined by William Michael Rossetti, James Collinson, Frederic George Stephens and Thomas Woolner to form the seven-member "brotherhood".
Great Scans of Great Art. History painting. History painting, is a genre in painting defined by its subject matter rather than artistic style. History paintings usually depict a moment in a narrative story, rather than a specific and static subject, such as a portrait. Joseph Stella. Gustave Dore. Caravaggio. Gustav Klimt. John William Waterhouse. George Wesley Bellows. Jasper Johns. Johyn Everett Millais. Mark Rothko. Millet. Tintoretto. John Baptist Medina. Rosa Bonheur. Emanuel Leutze. Joan Miro. Edouard Manet. William Blake. Edgar Degas. Maud Lewis. John Collier. Theophile Steinlen.
Precisionism. Spanish Renaissance. This article is about the Spanish Renaissance of the 15th-16th centuries. El Greco.


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- Filed Under
Two Southwest Florida men are among 255 accused child predators served with arrest warrants during a five-week operation conducted by several state and federal agencies.
Some 61 victims of child sexual exploitation were also identified, authorities announced Monday.
John Baptista Malheiro, 53, of Cape Coral was served a state search warrant and arrested on June 7 by the Florida Department of Law Enforcement and Homeland Security Investigations Fort Myers. He is accused of distributing child pornography via computer network and was actively downloading child exploitation ...


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The Style Gallery is a great new way for you to view, love, and share outfit photos. It's meant to showcase
all the expressive, creative, and inspirational personalities of our community!
Love you too!
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Ladylike and graceful in your light pink, one-shoulder dress, you float around the banquet hall, greet your many friends, and thank them for attending this charity dinner. Your dress features a charming, pleated bodice, a ruched waistband, and a cute, puffy skirt that lays atop a petticoat-like layer and satin lining. When the program begins, you sit at your table with your sweetie, who compliments your choice of dazzling accessories - exquisite, silver earrings that match your bracelet and grey satin heels!
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It's been a hell of last week to me and I just got my spare time this week (hopefuly) so here it goes..I'm open again for requests & commissions...
Please read the rules & terms before send me a note HERE
Available slots HERE
50,000 PAGEVIEWS!!! thank you allWell, I am not an illustrator. I am a writer and that doesn't always make it easy to promote my creative work online or on deviantart. Still, thanks to many talented illustrators and painters that understood my concepts and visions, we have collaborated to create an awesome gallery. I really should have left all the work up while i was on hiatus but oh well. it is back up now and thanks to the community, I just hit a milestone! 50,000 page views!
feels great and although i didn't hit 1000 watchers yet, i hope to this year... somehow.
I can't put up an illustrative work to mark the occasion but I can pay it forward a bit... by showcasing my favourite work of some of my watchers. so here is the showcase gallery
this is just a selection from my watchers. hopefully i can do a round 2 some time. thanks again everyone for the pageviews, watches and favs!