text:
Goldwag: I Was A Teenaged Straussian
No, not really. But when I was a freshman in college in 1975, the Poli Sci 101 course that I took was Straussian and neo-conservative to its core. Kenyon College's political science department was (and still is--or at least it was three years ago, as this story in the far right wing journal Human Events confirms) an "oasis" of Straussian and conservative theory. The first text we read, as I recall, was Socrates "Apology." Most of us assumed that Socrates' persecutors were the bad guys, that freedom of thought was strictly good and the suppression of free speech categorically bad. But using Socrates' own mode of questioning, our teachers challenged our blandly liberal presuppositions. Precisely what's good about Democracy? Why shouldn't the state protect itself? Are we sure we understand what the Founders of our own country really meant when they wrote about "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?"
The key Straussian concept is the Straussian text, which is a piece of philosophical writing that is deliberately written so that the average reader will understand it as saying one ("exoteric") thing but the special few for whom it is intended will grasp its real ("esoteric") meaning. The reason for this is that philosophy is dangerous. Philosophy calls into question the conventional morality upon which civil order in society depends; it also reveals ugly truths that weaken men's attachment to their societies....Strauss shockingly admits, contrary to generations of liberal professors who have taught him as a martyr to the First Amendment, that the prosecution of Socrates was not entirely without point. This honesty about the dangers of philosophy gives Straussian thought a seriousness lacking in much contemporary philosophy; it is also a sign of the conviction that philosophy, contrary to the mythology of our "practical" (though sodden with ideology and quick to take offense at ideas) age, matters.This isn't the inherent slipperiness of language that we're talking about, Strauss's isn't the radically deconstructive spirit of Barthes, Derridas, or Paul de Man. Strauss believed, rather, that the authors had deliberately coded their texts; applying sufficient care and scholarship, they could be decoded too. We spent an entire semester working through Allen Bloom's copiously annotated translation of Plato's Republic, for example, which had a surprise on nearly every page.
Though Strauss was an atheist, he was culturally Jewish to the core. And hermeneutics is a prototypically Jewish practice. Kabbalists acknowledge that every Biblical text has four distinct levels of meaning:
Remez (hints), suggestions (mostly through paradoxes and double-meanings) that something lies deeper
Drash (search), allegorical, symbolic, or analogic interpretations
Sod (hidden), its deepest, most mystical level of meaning
A number of leading conservatives in Washington turn out to be Straussians--Locke's piece identifies some of the most prominent circa 2002: "Justice Clarence Thomas; Supreme Court nominee Robert Bork; Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz; former Assistant Secretary of State Alan Keyes; former Secretary of Education William Bennett; Weekly Standard editor and former Quayle Chief of Staff William Kristol; Allan Bloom, author of THE CLOSING OF THE AMERICAN MIND; former New York Post editorials editor John Podhoretz; former National Endowment for the Humanities Deputy Chairman John T. Agresto; and, not meaning to class myself with this august company but in the interests of full disclosure, myself."
Some of the architects and most strident apologists of the Iraq war turned out to be students (or students of students, or protégés of students) of Leo Strauss, among them Wolfowitz, Abram Shulsky, Richard Perle, Elliott Abrams, Lewis "Scooter" Libby, Douglas Feith, and Robert Kagan. Some of them (not all of them, but enough that it was noticeable) were Jewish. Leftists rightfully attacked these neo-conservatives for the disastrous consequences of their militarism, but at times there was an unsettling undertone to their rhetoric. "The anti-Semitism behind the current wave of Strauss hatred, like the anti-Semitism that drives so much talk about the neoconservative "cabal" in Washington, is barely even veiled," Adam Kirsch complained in the New York Sun. "Tim Robbins, in his recent play "Embedded," portrays characters based on Messrs. Wolfowitz and Perle shouting "Hail Leo Strauss," in an echo of the Nazi salute." Extreme rightists were even less circumspect. But how could they not be? I mean, the whole phenomenon was an antisemite's dream. Here was a real-life, flesh-and-blood cabal of influential Jews, academically trained in the art of dissimulation and coded discourse, enacting what seemed to be a well-thought-out, long-held plan to hijack American foreign policy. It could have been ripped right out of the pages of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion:
The art of directing masses and individuals by means of cleverly manipulated theory and verbiage, by regulations of life in common and all sorts of other quirks, in all which the GOYIM understand nothing, belongs likewise to the specialists of our administrative brain. Reared on analysis, observation, on delicacies of fine calculation, in this species of skill we have no rivals, any more than we have either in the drawing up of plans of political actions and solidarity. In this respect the Jesuits alone might have compared with us, but we have contrived to discredit them in the eyes of the unthinking mob as an overt organization, while we ourselves all the while have kept our secret organization in the shade.I never drank the Straussian Kool Aid, but it was offered to me, and by teachers that I respected. Maybe that's why I'm troubled by some of the kneejerk denunciations of Strauss. Writing in Free Inquiry, Shadia Drury declared that,
Strauss thought that the best way for ordinary human beings to raise themselves above the beasts is to be utterly devoted to their nation and willing to sacrifice their lives for it. He recommended a rabid nationalism and a militant society modelled on Sparta. He thought that this was the best hope for a nation to be secure against her external enemies as well as the internal threat of decadence, sloth, and pleasure. A policy of perpetual war against a threatening enemy is the best way to ward off political decay. And if the enemy cannot be found, then it must be invented.Is that a fair summary of Strauss or a caricature of his disciples? I can't answer the question with any authority--I'm not deeply read in Strauss, as she is--most of my exposure to him was second hand, and it was more than thirty years ago, when I was eighteen and nineteen years old.
Anything that provides fodder to anti-Semites is unfortunate, but it's hardly surprising that the most politically ambitious exponents of Straussianism would have found each other in Washington and formed a clique-College Republicans, Dartmouth Review editors, born again Christians and students of Robert Bork do the same thing. There's a creepily culty quality to the ism that his name is attached to today, which never quite made it into the mainstream of American academia, suffered a major backlash in the '60s and '70s, and is experiencing another today, during the reaction against George W. Bush. Most of those guys are bad actors and some of them must have real chips on their shoulders. But do they rise to the level of a cult or a conspiracy or a secret society? I suspect not.
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Butbutbut… academics are all liberals!!! All colleges are run by 'liberal professors' that won't tolerate any other opinions! Therefore, what you say can not be true. But then, you're a liberal, so it figures you'd be lying.
Leftists rightfully attacked these neo-conservatives for the disastrous consequences of their militarism, but at times there was an unsettling undertone to their rhetoric.
Nonsense. Where was this "unsettling undertone [of left-wing antisemitism]"? Robbins pointing out neo-conservatives' fascist leanings isn't antisemitic.
Strauss thought that the best way for ordinary human beings to raise themselves above the beasts is to be utterly devoted to their nation and willing to sacrifice their lives for it. He recommended a rabid nationalism and a militant society modelled on Sparta.
Yeah, but Sparta always reminded me of an ant or termite colony, where sacrifice for the common good went to levels most of us would not tolerate. So much for "raising ourselves above the beasts."
And the Kabbalistic "4 levels of meaning" reminds me of people who read too much into a situation, like conspiracy theorists for example.
I'm not just being coy when I say that Drury may not be doing him justice. Though she has studied him deeply, she has a strong political animus towards his followers (appropriately so). Steven B. Smith's READING LEO STRAUSS: POLITICS, PHILOSOPHY, JUDAISM takes a very different stance–in fact he argues that Strauss was "a friend of liberal democracy-one of the best friends democracy ever had."
My sense is that Strauss was much too deep and too serious a thinker to capture in a sound byte; at the same time, the elitism that underlies a lot of the thinking–much of which comes from Plato of course–is disquieting. I deeply enjoyed reading political philosophy with Straussians when I was a teenager–but even at the time, I felt like it was a bit of a temptation or seduction that I had to resist.
"But do [Straussians] rise to the level of a cult or a conspiracy or a secret society? I suspect not."
con·spir·a·cy n., An agreement to perform together an illegal, wrongful, or subversive act.
Is that how anyone else remembers the Bush administration?
— MrJM
"con·spir·a·cy n., An agreement to perform together an illegal, wrongful, or subversive act.
Is that how anyone else remembers the Bush administration?"
I'd suggest substituting "and" for "or" to make the definition fit just a bit better.
Whenever I hear someone hold up Sparta as a model society, it makes my feet itch. They're assuming that they'll be the Spartans, and that somebody else, probably including me, will be the healots. The Spartans were an even more psychopathic version of what we later saw in the antebellum South: if you worked for a living, you had no rights whatsoever that any judge or court would respect. You owned nothing, and could be raped, killed, maimed, or murdered at any time for any reason or even for no reason by any Spartan soldier, and the Spartans did so at a rate that would have made the worst of the old Southern plantation owners squirm.
And no, I was not unaware of the fact that this is exactly what the philosophical and intellectual leaders of the neoconservative wings of the Republican and Conservative parties (and not a few neoliberals among the DLC Democrats and in "New Labor") fantasize about.
This post touches on some very subtle intellectual stuff — it could be expanded into a book or three. But I suppose the comment thread will devolve into a discussion of how much George W. sucks.
I agree that it is a really big stretch to say people attacked the neo-cons because so many of them were Jewish, particularly since they also attacked the ones that weren't Jewish, and didn't attack Jewish politicians that weren't neo-cons. I do admit that it's interesting that so many prominent Jewish politicians are conservatives when the Jewish population as a whole tends to be more liberal.
the criticism of the neo-cons was about their disastrous foreign policy ideas, and it turned out to entirely correct. how was it anti-semitic?
oh yeah thats right, it wasnt. that was just a shameless way for those assholes to try and dodge the criticism just like they now are dodging responsibility.
The neo-con idea that western liberal democracies would devolve into hedonistic navel gazing without some kind of external enemy has always seemed to me more of a justification for paternalistic elitism and an appeal for aristocratic rule than anything else. And who wouldn't want service to the state to be the highest ideal if you and your buddies are the state?
The idea that Strauss fathered much of neo-con ideology must create a real state of cognitive dissonance among those who both hate liberal ideals and are practicing anti-semites (and I would guess most of the latter are the former as well). Maybe their heads will explode.
Purist idealoges may not be cultists, but they are within rock throwing distance.
I think if you're going to go throwing around a term like "Straussian," you should just take a moment to define what you're talking about. For example, although I consider myself fairly well read, I had no idea that listening to the polkas and waltzes of 19th century Austria could instill in one such contemptible political views.
I know that you're joking, but if this had been a formal essay and not a blog entry I might have noticed that I completely neglected to say who Strauss was. How embarrassing!
Leo Strauss (1899-1973); born in Prussia, taught at the University of Chicago, author of 15 books including WHAT IS POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY? (1959) and THE REBIRTH OF CLASSICAL POLITICAL RATIONALISM (1989).
You kid, but Hitler's musical tastes were not limited to Wagner. The volk music of Strauss and others was of utmost importance to some even more contemptible political views.
It wasn't that the neo-cons were Jewish that was the problem. It was that they were neo-cons. A fair number of neo-cons and their supporters in the press used the unfortunate overlap in ideology and ethnic heritage to stifle discussion. Anyone who criticized the neo-cons was shouted down as an anti-semite, deflecting the discussion away from their outspoken agenda (nuking Iran and starting a multi-generational war in th emiddle east) to nitpicky discussions about the critic and their motive.
Get enough people Godwining every criticism of neo-con policy and agenda and everyone eventually forgets the fact that a large number of very powerful men in the US Government hold views that are completely antithetical to Democracy and are actively abetting global war for fun and profit.
Thanks for this fascinating intro to Strauss, Arthur. I knew nothing about him before reading this.
jaytk — seconded. The "unsettling undertone" to criticism of neo-conservatism is simply that any group believing and acting on the principle that "democracy is too important to be left up to average citizens" is objectivly crypto-facist.
The fact that many of the members of the neo-conservative movement are Jewish is an ironic historical accident. The fact that so many Straussian disciples deluded the nation into war in pursuit of individual wealth and political power is due to their embrace of two principles derived from his teaching: Facist propaganda techniques work, and, the end justifies the means.
What, exactly, is the functional difference between the Straussian "noble lie" and the "big lie" of Joseph Goebbels? And how might one distinguish between the two when it comes to such canards as Saddam's mythical WMD's, nonexistent Nigerian yellowcake, etc. etc.?
You ask if the Straussian circuit in DC rises to the level of a "conspiracy." Some "conspiracies" qualify for tinfoil hats and some qualify for a RICO prosecution, and IMHO much of the conduct of W's neocon advisers falls under the second category.
The fact that Straussianism is dressed up in pseudo-academic language, and that many of its practitioners attempt to silence legitimate criticism by "playing the race card" of anti-semitism, should not obsure the fact that Straussian/neo-con ideology is every bit as incompatible with American principles of government, and every bit as dangerous to our national future, as the racist reactionary populism exemplified by Sarah Palin and the teabaggers.
jaytk & #18 – thirded.
Philosophy is most def dangerous. The problem is that study/understanding of philosophy leads people to assume they are superior to those who have not yet encountered such ideas.
The problem with deciding to apply *any* philosophical theory to real-world political decision making is that there is a rarely a precedent by which to decide if it is going to work.
Furthermore, it is easy to apply such theories to small, controlable examples – but when it comes to such theories operating for the masses, it doesn't work so cleanly. No philosopher anticipated 6 billion people.
Strausian philosophy: interesting, but IMO not great material on which to base a society unless everyone understands – which, as Strauss is the first to point out, will never be the case.
As a former O.T.O. member, I'd be interested in what your impressions are on how Crowley's work affects modern paganism and the self-destruction of the O.T.O. in the U.S. and worldwide.
I will only be guest blogging through the end of the week; not sure if I can fit that in. Let me think about it, though. And I very much appreciate your interest.
Strauss believed, rather, that the authors had deliberately coded their texts; applying sufficient care and scholarship, they could be decoded too. We spent an entire semester working through Allen Bloom's copiously annotated translation of Plato's Republic, for example, which had a surprise on nearly every page.
I don't know much about Strauss, but I think you are distorting Allan Bloom's take on Plato. Bloom wasn't trying to find some secret message; he was trying to strip Plato of all the intellectual barnacles of Christian Neo-Platoism. Obviously, if we want to understand what Plato meant, the opinions of medieval scholars trying to fit his philosophy into a Christian framework aren't very helpful.
I may well be–I remember very little of what was specifically Bloomian about the translation; at the same time, it almost certainly had a permanent influence on my understanding of Plato. Neoplatonism is indeed very different than Plato.
I was the editor of the New York Review's book club (The Readers' Subscription) when The Closing of the American Mind came out. I was so excited to see Bloom's name on the manuscript–and absolutely flabbergasted by how shallow and uninteresting it turned out to be. I bought it anyway and we sold truckloads of books, but it was a disillusioning experience for me. Saul Bellow's Ravelstein is a loving tribute to Bloom, the men were dear friends, but Bellow was too good a writer not to capture his snobbery and bottomless vanity too.
A German student of philosophy once told me that the German translation of Joyce's Ulysses was better than the original because the translator, unlike Joyce, knew what Joyce was trying to say. Strauss always reminds me of this.
Oh God. That is so friggin German. I remember reading a while back about a growing interest in Klezmer music in Germany. One thing that stood out was the sense that the Germans believed they understood the music better than the originators. As a first-generation German Canadian I've come across this attitude far too many times.
"Philosophy calls into question the conventional morality upon which civil order in society depends; it also reveals ugly truths that weaken men's attachment to their societies […]"
I think Strauss gave ideas too much credit. People confronted with truly new and unfamiliar ideas often don't even realize they've bumped into something new. (See Thomas Kuhn, passim.)
…or maybe that was his point. I wonder.
I, too, encountered Strauss via a Straussian prof, in my case Intro Philosophy. My prof was very, very charismatic (he had acolytish students who followed him around in the halls) and while he didn't convert me to his vision of the philosophical lifestyle, he did make me think, more than anyone else has before or since, about the assumptions with which I was walking around. It's mostly him, really, that solidified my position as a lefty atheist.
I also read Shadia Drury's "Leo Strauss and the American Right" at the behest of a friend (also another prof in the department) who was worried I was falling into his trip. He pointed out that while I had been presented with this Straussian presentation as mainstream philosophy, it is in fact as far from the mainstream as you can get in this day and age.
Now, here's the thing: I haven't found one instance of Strauss, Bloom or other people to whom the moniker of "Straussian" has been affixed acknowledging this idea of "secret" meanings in texts, or this supposedly Straussian paradigm of a prof giving one lesson to the masses and pulling aside the brightest students for the "true" lesson after the herd have left the room. This is not to say that it's definitively not true, of course, only that this idea seems like mostly conjecture to me, based on what research I've done.
One glaringly bad example of this assertion being made without foundation was in Drury's book – in it, when she put this idea forth, she cited a Time Magazine article. Having had access to my school's databases at the time, I quickly dug up that article, and it was no more than a small blurb about Strauss, with nothing mentioned about this esoterica whatsoever. I can dig up the relevant Drury quote and the related article if anyone is interested.
This is from Damon Linker's New Republic review of Smith's book, from 2006.
"This is Strauss's notorious doctrine of esoteric writing, which he claimed to have single-handedly recovered from scholarly obscurity by following through on hints and suggestions in the writings of such authors as the eighteenth-century critic and dramatist Lessing, the medievals Maimonides and al-Farabi, and Plato himself, in the Phaedrus and the Seventh Letter. As Strauss describes it in Persecution and the Art of Writing (1952), esotericism was primarily an expression of philosophical prudence. It protected society at large from the acids of skepticism and doubt unleashed by philosophical questioning, while simultaneously protecting philosophers from the righteous indignation of citizens who (rightly) suspect that such questioning undermines belief in the gods of the political community and thus corrupts the virtue of its citizens. Socrates, remember, was charged with atheism and corrupting the young, and this was never far from Strauss's mind. In his view, Socrates's fate stands as a paradigm of the inevitable antagonism between the claims of philosophy and of theological politics. It is an antagonism that only the subterfuges of esotericism are capable of mediating."
Here's the url: http://www.tnr.com/article/books-and-arts/the-philosopher-and-everyone-else
An interesting article, Arthur. Particularly because the government department at my school (Claremont McKenna College) is pretty damned Straussian — understandably, because Strauss himself taught here. Even some of the "liberal" gov majors tend to come out valuing the state above individual anything.
or Listen to:
Leo Strauss before judging him.
I have come to regard Strauss in much the same light as his contemporary Carl Schmitt, for all that the former fled a fascist Europe and the latter sought to become its legal theorist: both were cogent thinkers who developed trenchant critiques of liberal society, but who also consistently underestimated the strength of liberal institutions and who never succeeded in developing an alternative concept of civil society. The fact that self-proclaimed Straussians came to hold a particularly pernicious role in Washington, or that Schmitt's monstrous philosophy of the political was matched by an equal viciousness of spirit, does not change the value of their critiques. Liberalism, alone of all philosophies, demands of its followers a robust but also an honest defense of its principles.
Fellow Kenyon Alum here (Class of 2001). As I remember, the poly sci department was fairly conservative. It didn't, however, seem as militantly conservative as the Human Events article makes it out to be. I knew several liberal poly sci majors who was quite happy with the prof's. (But a quick google stalk of the author reveals him to be a Beta – so there's no real surprise that he's an idiot.)
The kind of analysis that Strauss engages in seems like a sort of paranoid delusion. Yeah, there are "secret messages" in western civilization's major documents that only cognoscenti can decipher. Uh-huh, that seems likely. Put Strauss in some dirty clothes and you wouldn't be able to tell him from a crazy homeless guy. He was merely a high functioning lunatic.
Or was there a secret *fifth* reading of the important texts, deeper even than the fourth, which was really a ruse to flush out and discredit the types who envy the powers and intrigues of tyrants? Well, played, Leo. A polite golf clap from a half-million dead Iraqis and 5000 dead American soldiers.
Or maybe just a philosopher scared so badly by the Nazi regime he lost confidence in any system that couldn't match it for sleazy ruthlessness, and thus a magnet for half-bright, "tough-minded" power-trippers who got beaten up at school or should have been. Ayn Rand for slightly smarter people. What is it about University of Chicago philosophers and economists, anyhow?
Sorry, but I can't see much nuance in a philosopher whose followers have been 21st-century America's biggest bastards to a man (and the odd woman) who pretty much all belong in the Hague.
Strauss was a careful reader of books and introduced other readers to this art. All the rest is calumny trying to make him into more than he was. It pays to read this essay by his daughter Prof. Jenny Strauss Clay:
I don't want to sound like a jerk (especially as I have not yet read the article to which you linked) but isn't that kinda like what we saw on CNN, et. al. recently, getting an opinion about Dick Cheney from his daughter Lynn?
I always get Leo Strauss, Claude-Levi Strauss & Levi Stubbs confused, particularly when I'm in the middle of an exegesis of Standing In The Shadows Of Love, the greatest neo-Platonic Motown song ever.
do I know you? I assume the Human Events writer was the Beta; it certainly wasn't me!
The thing is, as JTode noted, you don't have to be conservative to get caught up in the teaching–it's exciting to discover that all ideas aren't created equal, and that some ideas are literally dangerous. I imagine a super-charismatic Marxist teacher can have the same effect. It's also subtly flattering, because you feel like you're being initiated into a higher form of discourse. I was no conservative but like I said, it was very alluring for me.
Goldswag: "The Masons borrowed the idea of exoteric and esoteric texts from Kabbalah"
Masons were Companies and Guilds for quite some time before any Judaic texts were being widely read in Europe, and seemed to have a deep understanding of symbolism and allegory, most obviously during the era of Cathedral building. Masons Companies were performing seasonal mystery plays in the 1300's, which have as much to do with earlier pagan themes as with biblical ones. There are building customs that predate Christianity, and "Judaism" is as much a Alexandrian construct as Christianity is.
Post 1600's a few antiquarians, probably inspired by the Rosicrucian Manifestoes, and also interested in Builders traditions became "Accepted" Masons, and the Scottish Expatriates in France expanded the Accepted variety in France. It was there that most any mystical fad could be grafted upon Freemasonry, and Kabbalism enters the mix in the mid 1700's. No particular practice of the Kabbalah is included in Symbolic 3 degree Masonry.(which was cobbled out of earlier Mason's company traditions) Obviously, the Scottish (really French) High Grade varieties have small amounts of everything. There are Fringe Masonic groups where it figures more explicitly. It was the Theosophical Society that publicly expounded on any hairbrained speculation of what was hidden in Masonry that led to groups like the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, and few outsiders can tell the difference between them.
Albert Pike's MORALS AND DOGMA (which I understand does not speak for the whole of the Craft) attributes an enormous influence to Kabbalah. Another–perhaps a better way–to have put it would be to say that many of Masonry's enemies perceived or implied the connection. For example, the anti-Semite and anti-Illuminist Nesta Webster, in SECRET SOCIETIES AND SUBVERSIVE MOVEMENTS: "Jewry in itself contitutes the most effectual Freemasonry in the world."
Kenyon College is a Straussian oasis? That just about blew my mind. Calvin & Hobbes cartoonist Bill Watterson attended that school from 1976 to 1980, and graduated with a political science degree. Is it possible to stand Calvin & Hobbes on its freedom loving head, and see it from a Straussian angle? Egads!
Arthur, I have enjoyed your contributions.
Hopefully we will see you again some time on BoingBoing.
Pike is a neat guy, but he acquired a do it yourself fraternity in a box, which is what the AASR was, via Morin, who had a charter from the "Council of the Emperors of the East and West" IOW, a comic book origin story.
The system almost entirely created by him, bears only nominal relations to even the French degrees of the same name previously in existance. Pike was an amateur Sanskrit scholar, read a bunch of Eliphas Levi and similar Mystical literature as well as the Liberal Arts Canon. He had enough experience with the other Masonic cultures and corresponded with a few of the bright lights of the time. I have to say his grasp of Kabbalah was derivative of his sources, Like Athanasius Kircher and Antoine Joseph Pernety.
The mistake of Conspiratologists is to assume that these are representative of Masonry as it existed before, or as a whole. AASR is a small subsection. My view is that Pike misses the mark entirely; not having a deep enough grasp of previous Masonic cultures, and relied too much on other "experts" (He even says so in the intro to M&D). Instead it falls in line with the pseudoknighthood pomp of Thomas Dunckerley and Andrew Michael Ramsay, which created a pretense of aristocracy to a craftsman's fellowship.
Ms. Clay is answering charges that weren't really leveled at her father and isn't answering the one that was.
No, the Professor didn't head a cabal. He only promulgated ideas that attract the sort of people who would like to form one: people with overheated intellectual imaginations, learning the "true" esoteric meanings of western democratic society's founding philosophers and feeling a need to keep them from the sheeple, for their own good of course. They flatter themselves that their public intellectual dishonesty is in the service of this noble cause.
What could possibly go wrong?
I also encountered a number of self-described Straussians in college. Whatever delusions of grandeur some of these professors and grad students (a phenomenon probably not unique to Straussians) might find themselves under, they don't seem to be taken very seriously by many experts (political, philosophical, psychological, natural scientific, etc.) outside of their small circles, so I'm skeptical of claims that these folks pose a very serious, deep-seated threat to the broader public.
I think the real substantive problems with this "school of thought" (insofar as it contains a virtually uniform take on "modernity") follow the lines of Robert Pippin's (UChicago) criticisms ("The Modern World of Leo Strauss"; "The Unavailability of the Ordinary").
There is a broad (Straussian) tendency to personify "modern" political thought (which, unlike its "ancient" counterpart, doesn't recognize or pretend to recognize some "natural law" antecedent to the human "will") and treat it primarily as some kind of historical accident (and/or politically-motivated error on the part of philosophers like Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, and Kant).
There seems to be a contradiction between the massive (and probably disproportionate) explanatory power (vis-a-vis virtually everything that has happened on Earth since "moderns" began writing) Straussians often grant these figures, and a simultaneous interpretation of that receptivity as more or less accidental and/or mistaken.
Also, certain possibilities–for example, that human rights and equality have a natural (or physiological) basis (supported by more recent developments in empirical psychology than Locke's Treatises or Rousseau's Discourses)–are often foreclosed at the outset because of "subtle hints" in older, (more) elegant texts like Plato's Republic.
Scholarship in any sort of philosophy naturally has a stake in the possibility of its explanatory power, but Straussians could probably be more honest about the limits of the tools with which they sometimes appear to seek to formulate theories of everything.
Just received this very interesting comment on my own blog (http://arthurgoldwag.wordpress.com) from Hume's Ghost of The Daily Doubter (http://dailydoubt.blogspot.com/).
Regarding Shadia Drury, the most damning thing I've seen about Strauss' personal views is the letter he wrote shortly before he emigrated out of Germany in which he described his political principles as "fascist, authoritarian, and imperial†– and that it was only upon these grounds that Hitler could be opposed.
Scott Horton has offered some thoughtful (imo) commentary on the letter in multiple venues, but here's one
Isn't Bloom (or is it Voegelin) basically correct about Plato though?
That because it begins with Socrates "going down", that when we get to the metaphor about the cave in the Republic, it means that his prescriptions of the ideal society are NOT to be taken 'literally' as his own views. They are shadows on the wall of the cave to lead you to something other than the surface of the text.
Makes sense to me :)
I, too, was a teenaged Straussian, student of a Straussian professor (who went on to found the think tank in Israel that issued the report people allege set Bush's foreign policy in the direction of attacking Iraq). One day after class he asked me what I was making of Strauss and Voegelin. I said I was wary of Voegelin but Strauss seemed more straightforward (we were studying Natural Right and History at the time). The prof told me that Strauss was the one who should make me wary. I didn't figure out until a few years later how right he was about that.
I, too, had Straussian professors in college. Our class, too, started off with Plato's 'Apology.' We, too, read Allan Bloom's great translation of Plato's 'Republic' (my copy is signed by Bloom). I am a cautious admirer of Leo Strauss; Straussians, not so much. Straussians' seriousness of purpose and scholarship are worth admiring, but to the extent that they are ideological rather than philosophical, Straussians bother me (not that that bothers them). Much dislike of Straussians could be attributed to their arrogance and hauteur and thus is a matter of style rather than substance. Straussians' choice of water-carriers certainly puts people off. Arrogant frat boy "gentlemen" do the work set out by the Straussians. The ultimate frat boy was, of course, George W. Bush. Not dumb but not thoughtful or curious, Bush was the prototypical instrument of the Straussian enterprise, to the extent it exists. But to emphasize what I passed over earlier, I do NOT equate Straussians with Leo Strauss. I know that is easy to say, something like, "Oh, Jesus was good; it is his followers who give him a bad name." It was Willmoore Kendall, the great conservative and populist who turned me in to a fan of Leo Strauss. Kendall wrote a brilliant review of Strauss's 'Thoughts on Machiavelli' and gave us some sense of the monumental "struggle" going on above our heads. Part of that struggle is the battle between Athens and Jerusalem, between reason and faith. Why are we here? What do we do while we are here? How would we know what to do while we are here? The great political philosophers are in a constant struggle to control how we decide how to live. Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Locke, etc., and now Strauss, Kendall tells us, are battling for our hearts and minds. From the last paragraph of that great, great review, Kendall writes: "Certainly [Strauss] nowhere tells us, in 'Thoughts [on Machiavelli],' how the mischief the Machiavellians have done can be undone. But Strauss's silence on this point is perhaps as explicit a statement as the 'situation' and the 'quality of the times' call for, and what it says is: the mischief can be undone only by a great teacher who feels within himself a strength and vocation not less than Machiavelli's own, who possesses a store of learning not inferior to Machiavelli's own, who will take the best of the young, of this generation and future generations, and, leading them by the hand without arguing with them, habituate them to the denial of Machiavelli's denials." I think Kendall was right about Strauss's strength, vocation, store of learning, and desire to convince this generation and future generations, but I am not as convinced (yet) that what Strauss wants is a "denial of Machiavelli's denials." At present, I am of the opinion that Strauss wanted (in a phrase the Straussians might mock and think sophomoric) the greatest good for the greatest number while being clear-eyed about the evils that face us–including the evil within each of us. I do NOT think Strauss wanted good only for an elite (that would not be Good) though some Straussians and their followers might not mind it as much.
Bogus accusations of anti-Semitism are one of the principle weapons the neocons use to silence their critics. If there were no Jewish neocons, it would have been necessary to invent them. There is nothing anti-Semitic in pointing out the underlying fascism in neocon thought and behavior. There is no ideology within recent memory that matches neconservatism so well as fascism and indeed, its virulent Nazi strain. Many neocons, like Michael Ledeen, are open admirers of fascism and he has written books and articles praising it.
None of those ideologies are mutually exclusive. For instance, you do not have to be anti-Semitic to criticize Israel, but critics of Israel are often anti-Semites. I use the ban-hammer pretty regularly on anti-Semitic commenters, not because of ideological rigidity on my part, but because I check their links and find grossly anti-Semitic propaganda. There may be bogus accusations, but there are a hell of a lot more correct ones.
4) Born again Christian is still very much in use, unfortunately. My sister and her husband (and even more unfortunately my niece and nephew) are born again and use the term.
John 3:3 "Jesus declared, "I tell you the truth, no one can see the kingdom of God unless he is born again."" If they aren't considering themselves born again, they probably have some reading to do…
4) I haven't heard the phrase "born again Christian" in years – it seems to be a throwback to the mid-1980s. Do people consider themselves born again anymore, or is there a more internet-friendly term these days?
I used to use the term, when I was a young, new convert. Frankly I'm glad I grew out of that phase. It's honestly an unhealthy position for a young person to be in where they believe morals and the will of God are on their side, and that they are somehow a different person than they were before. Arrogance and a certain sense of moral superiority becomes a very, very easy trap to fall into.
To Mr. Goldwag:
Thank you for sharing this, it was really stimulating and is likely to spur me to do some very rewarding research of my own on the subject.
@diamondbach "Are these "leading conservatives in Washington" you speak of self-proclaimed Straussians or is this your personal opinion"
The original Robert Locke piece (http://126.96.36.199/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=24239) doesn't say either, would be interested to see some citable source for that info.
When the reaction to the neo-Cons began to pick up steam, a lot of articles started to appear denying that this conservative or that conservative was really a Straussian. Strauss wrote challenging books; I think the odds are good that a lot of so-called Straussians never read him. Allen Bloom did have a lot of students in Washington–in Ravelstein, he's constantly bragging about who he has on the phone.
It's important to remember that neo-Conservatives and Straussians don't completely overlap. The elder Kristol and Podhoretz had/have obvious points of sympathy with them, but as ex-leftists they were born-again conservatives, in a manner of speaking. As you cross generations, everything gets very incestuous and hard to sort out. Elliott Abrams, for example, married Midge Decter's daughter (Decter is married to Norman Podhoretz). Podhoretz's son John attended Chicago, where he almost certainly encountered Bloom.
Which is why this whole set up — the interbreeding, the elitism, the anti-democratic ideals — all strike me as very Royalist. And while your hardcore Royalists sometimes have a soft spot for a dictatorial style of kingship and won't go so far as to openly advocate for a royal line of succession, they do tend to hark back to that 17th-18th century ideal of an ordained Nobel class who engage in war as an art form and concoct twisted philosophies to rationalize them.
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text: friar [Lat. frater=brother], member of certain Roman Catholic religious orders, notably, the Dominicans, Franciscans, Carmelites, and Augustinians. Although a general form of address in the New Testament, since the 13th cent. it has been used to describe members of orders forbidden to hold property. They are called mendicants because they were expected to work or, as later developed, beg for a living and were not bound to a particular monastery. The Council of Trent loosened the restriction on property ownership. Friars differ from cloistered, contempletive monks by their widespread outside activity and by their highly centralized organization. See monasticism.

subset: commoncrawl


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Negotiate Power and Performance in the Reality of RFID Systems
Download Now
Date Added: Feb 2010
Format: PDF
Recent years have witnessed the wide adoption of the RFID technology in many important application domains including logistics, inventory, retailing, public transportation, and security. Though RFID tags (transponders) can be passive, the high power consumption of RFID readers (interrogators) has become a critical issue as handheld and mobile readers are increasingly available in pervasive computing environments. Moreover, high transmission power aggravates interference, complicating the deployment and operation of RFID systems. In this paper, the authors present an energy-efficient RFID inventory algorithm called Automatic Power Stepping (APS). The design of APS is based on extensive empirical study on passive tags, and takes into consideration several important details such as tag response states and variable slot lengths.


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Thought I would put together a quick reference list for people wanting to get rid of the yellow lights.
DRL / High Beams: 9005
Low Beams: H11
C Light / Rear License Plate: W5W (non LED version)
Fog lights: H16
Interior kits:
08-14: http://www.prolightz.com/index.php/s...4-wrx-sti.html
15+: http://www.prolightz.com/index.php/s...i-led-kit.html
I believe the only difference is the two extra bulbs for the visor lights.
If you have any info on additional lighting that would be great, thanks!


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Photos: Most awkward places to put new Denver International Airport ad screens
This week, Clear Channel announced that it had made an agreement with Denver International Airport to install a "a first-of-its kind digital advertising program" that will feature 118 LCD screens throughout DIA, including six overhead video walls and four, 26-foot high diagonal LED video towers.
What will the results look like? Westword art director Jay Vollmar let his imagination run wild in a baker's dozen of hilarious photo illustrations. Count down the thirteen most awkward screen locations below.
Number 13: You are being watched!
Number 12: Moving sidewalks are tired of being walked on...by ugly shoes
Number 11: Did you forget to pack a ShamWow?
Page down to see more of the most awkward places to put new DIA advertising screens. Number 10: It's your loss
Number 9: The eyes have it
Number 8: Not that kind of grass
Page down to see more of the most awkward places to put new DIA advertising screens. Number 7: Conspiratorial smile
Number 6: Tent sale
Number 5: Getting the gate
Page down to see more of the most awkward places to put new DIA advertising screens. Number 4: Dearly departed
Number 3: Underwearing out your welcome
Number 2: Wipe out!
Number 1: Unidentified Flying Advertisement
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More from our Lists & Weirdness archive: "Ten more weird movie references to Colorado."
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June 28th, 2013 - 06:48 PM
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Poem: 'The Loaning'
Seamus Heaney
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Vol. 3 No. 2 · 5 February 1981 » Seamus Heaney » Poem: 'The Loaning'
page 11 | 157 words


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On Friday evening, the Sanford-Fritch Lady Eagles hosted the Childress Lady Cats for the first District 1-2A matchup of the season.
The game began with the Lady Eagles applying full court pressure to rattle up Childress.
Big plays and defensive stops by the Lady Eagles kept them ahead at end of quarter one 8-6.
The second quarter showed what the Lady eagles have been doing the last few weeks.
They are running the court, playing great defense and dominating the inside.
On Friday evening, the West Texas High Lady Comanches did a pretty good job on the defensive end in their District 1-1A opener against the #8 state ranked Gruver Lady Greyhounds in Gruver.
Unfortunately, 22 turnovers and struggles on the offensive end by the Lady Comanches gave the Lady Greyhounds to opportunity to pull away in the second half on their way to the 50-15 win.
In the first period, the Lady Comanches did a good job applying defensive pressure which limited Gruver's scoring opportunities early in the game.
After a month off for the Christmas break, the Frank Phillips College Plainsmen men's basketball team will return to the court tomorrow afternoon hosting Clarendon College at 4:00 p.m. at the BCAC.
The first half of the season saw the Plainsmen post a 6-8 overall record with the team going 3-3 in their last six games before the Christmas break.
Despite having an under .500 record, the Plainsmen have been outscoring their opponents in averaging 77 points per game and giving up just 73 points per game.
Tonight five Hutchinson County high school varsity basketball teams will be in action, with the Sanford-Fritch Lady Eagles and West Texas High Lady Comanches opening district play.
The Lady Eagles will open District 1-2A play hosting Childress with tip off scheduled for 7:30 p.m. at Sanford-Fritch High School.
The Lady Eagles have looked good in their past couple of games and appear to have a team capable of claiming one of the district's playoff berths and competing with Spearman for the district title.
SPEARMAN-Tuesday evening can be considered one of the more dominating performances the Borger Bulldog basketball team has seen on the court in a couple of years.
Despite the Spearman Lynx attempts to slow down the game and limit scoring opportunities for Borger, the Bulldogs controlled the action from the opening tip off on their way to getting a 50-20 win in Spearman.
SPEARMAN-On Tuesday evening, the Borger Lady Bulldogs were able to get off to a fast start against the Spearman Lynxettes by opening the game taking an 9-0 lead.
Yet despite the fast start, Spearman took advantage of 13 Lady Bulldog turnovers in the first half to battle back and set the tone in the second half, which saw the Lynxettes pull away for the 57-33 win.
The game opened with sophomore Nellie Embers hitting a jumper to get Borger a 2-0 lead just ten seconds into the game.
Sanford-Fritch 41 Miami 40
Panhandle 59 West Texas High 22
JV-Spearman 48 Borger 38
JV-Sanford-Fritch 31 Miami 26
JV-Panhandle 44 West Texas High 35
Panhandle 63 West Texas High 40
Miami 75 Sanford-Fritch 70 Double OT
JV-Panhandle 63 West Texas High 25
Monday afternoon the Borger Bulldog wrestling team opened 2012 hosting Hereford at Tex Hanna Gym.
Several of the Bulldog wrestlers were in position to get wins on the mat, but the breaks fell in favor for Hereford who came away with a 51-6 win in the duel.
Hereford 51 Borger 6
106-Christian Quiroz (HHS) forfeit
113-Alex Glavan (HHS) forfeit
120-Josh Silva (HHS) forfeit
132-Pablo Martinez(HHS) decicion Anthony Bates 15-2
138-Jose Flores(HHS) pinned Zach Robinson 1.51
145-Andrew Porras (HHS) pinned Jacob Cosper 1.29
152-Eli Alvares (HHS) pinned AJ Torres 5.22
Over the past couple of days, the Borger Bulldog and Lady Bulldog varsity basketball teams were busy taking part in tournament play in Lubbock and Breckenridge.
Neither teams came home with tournament titles, but both were able to get into the win column and show improvement in various areas which will help both teams with district play starting in the next couple of weeks.
After beating Sands on Wednesday, the Bulldogs finished the FiberMax Caprock Tournament in Lubbock with a 2-2 record with a win over Levelland and loses to Dimmitt and Tulia.
On Thursday afternoon, the Sanford-Fritch Lady Eagles had no problems with the Hedley Lady Owls winning 70-37 at Sanford-Fritch High School.
Lady Eagles sophomore Mikala Setliff had a big game scoring 28 points to lead the team.
Summer Tubbs added 12 points, Christa White 10, and Mariah Cumings had nine points in the game.


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|6.0L Performance Parts Discussion What has or has not worked for you?
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Ok I plan of doing the SCT with EGR delete,, but it sounds like I should really get a set of gauges! Any suggestions on this topic, and where to mount them,I have a lariat with a sun room? Is this a must to have gauges right away, or possible to wait a little?
Sun Roof that is!!!
I'd suggest that you really need gauges.
I have mine mounted on the a-pillar (this is most common I think) you could also do the mount above the rearview mirror (I think it'll still work with the map lights / moon roof control there, not 100% sure though) and then a digital monitor is always an option too (edge, commander, ect)
At a minimum I'd suggest having a way to watch EGT's (most important), boost & trans temp (if it's an auto)
Fuel press. is good to watch too, as is water and oil temps.
Gauges are very important with a tuned truck.
you can get analog gauges and you can pillar mount them, and you should be able to overhead mount them even with the sunroof.
I will make a suggestion juts for simplicity, Edge has a product called the Insight, its a digital all in one gauge setup up that has a nice dash mount that goes under the driver side grab handle (so you don't loose your handle) and it monitor up to 6 parameters at one time, although the 4 parameters at a time is about the best setup up. You can monitor things such as boost, oil temp, water temps, trans temps, pryometer, etc, etc..
The Insight is also a datalogger, it can pull DTC's (diagnostic trouble codes), simple performance testing such as 1/4 miles times 0-60 times and a few others. Also the Insight can be setup by the user to alert you if a desired "limit" temperature is reached, the screen will flash. Also it has a multi color screen, you can set it to whatever you like.
With that said, you will absolutely get your best bang for you buck when it comes to gauges with the Insight, you could easily spend $2k in analog gauges trying to duplicate what the Insight does and still not have it all. I have the Insight and 7 analog gauges in my personal truck and I love the Insight just because of how simple it is.
We have a package available for $430.00 shipped that includes the Insight, pyrometer probe, dash mount and a can of paint for the dash mount.
Here is one installed in a customers truck:
Here is some more info on what the Insight can do:
Edge Products: Product
we have it available for purchase on our website:
First Coast Diesel Performance -Product- Your Source For Powerstroke Performance
if you have any other questions, please feel free to ask. We do combo packages with gauges, tuners and exhaust systems too if you are interested.
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text:
DC's New 52: Reviews and Discussion (Spoilers welcolme and likely)
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February 19 2014, 01:36 AM
Hound of UIster
Vice Admiral
Re: DC's New 52: Reviews and Discussion (Spoilers welcolme and likely)
And the JSA, All Star Squadron and Infinity Inc were from Earth-2. These elements were already integrated as part of the DC Multiverse. The original CoiE was about creating a blank slate since continuity was viewed at the time as a dead weight and it was assumed that a newer and younger readership would emerge after CoiE. On the other hand Nu52 was about more using the reboot to create a sales boost from the same old group of fans with no underlying assumption that there would be any "new fans".
There are three lights.
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text:
What is Address Search?
Spokeo reverse address search helps people connect with their neighbors and find people by address. Search your neighborhood today to find out current residents, past residents, and family information. Find out who lives on Hunters Lodge Rd today.
Other Spellings
Hunters Lodge Rd is also spelled Hunters Lodge Road.
Troy, VA
Time Zone & Current Time
Troy, VA lies within the Eastern Standard Time (or EST). The current time in Eastern Standard Time is 10:51 AM on 10/09/2015.
Troy, VA
Top Streets
Arkquaige Ln, Beaver Pond Rdg, Blue Ridge Dr, Boston Rd, Boyd Tavern Ln, Brook Mere Ln, Broomsedge Dr, Buck Branch Dr, Buck Ridge Rd, and Bybee Rd
Troy, VA
Population Demographics
Household Income
Home Value
36 years old
61% female
Local Ethnicity
Ethnicity Ratio
About Troy, VA
Troy is an unincorporated community in Fluvanna County, Virginia, United States. It lies just east of U.S. Route 15, between Zion Crossroads to the north and the county seat of Palmyra to the south. Troy's existence was defined by the Virginia Air Line Railway, which operated from 1908 to 1975. In 1998, the Virginia Department of Corrections opened the Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women in the area. (more on Wikipedia)


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WASHINGTON — An environment watchdog released its annual list of the fruits and vegetables with the most and least pesticide residue, and it's bad news for apple fans.
For the fourth year in a row, the Environmental Working Group put apples on the top of its list of the "Dirty Dozen" fruits and vegetables, those it says have the highest concentrations of pesticides relative to other produce..
Avocados top this year's "Clean Fifteen" list, which are fruits and vegetables least likely to have pesticide residues.
The EWG isn't recommending that people stop buying these fruits and vegetables and says the benefit of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables outweighs the risks of exposure to pesticides.
Dirty Dozen:
While hot peppers, kale and collard greens did not meet the criteria for containing pesticides, the group says the three "are frequently contaminated with insecticides that are toxic to the human nervous system."
The group recommends that people who eat a lot of these foods buy organic.
Clean Fifteen
Read the full report from the EWG.
Follow @WTOP and @WTOPliving on Twitter and WTOP on Facebook.
Sunken ships create a marine habitat full of fish, birds and other wildlife in Maryland.


text:
Obtaining affordable concert tickets is the goal of any avid concertgoer who enjoys a good show but also enjoys saving money. Tickets for Pearl Jam can be expensive, but savvy rock music fans are able to find ticket deals that will provide them with prices within their budgets.
The upcoming tour is going to be a significant time for the band since the talented musicians have not performed in a North American tour for three years. The group will come out with a tenth album on October 15, which is just days after the long-awaited road trip begins.
QueenBeeTickets.com has Pearl Jam tickets on sale in many price ranges. The site has discounted event tickets for concerts, sports games and theater shows on Broadway and touring. Affordably priced concert tickets can be found easily every day.
Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/tickets-for-pearl-jam/on-sale-today/prweb10971386.htm.
|Source: PRWeb
Copyright©2012 Vocus, Inc.
All rights reserved


text:
Tax Carnival Ecstasy – February 15, 2014
Posted on | February 16, 2014 | Comments Off on Tax Carnival Ecstasy – February 15, 2014
Welcome to the February 15, 2014 edition of Tax Carnival Ecstasy. In this edition we start with an article from Bill Smith on taxes and retirement. And Kurt from MyMoneyCounselor.com presents an article on the Alternative Minimum Tax for 2013? Hope you enjoy all the articles, bookmark this carnival, share, tweet, and come back soon.
Bill Smith presents You Need To Know A Lot About Retirement posted at FastSwings, saying, "2014 Taxes are here causing many people to worry a lot about retirement. If you are among these people, i.e. you feel you are far behind in your retirement or haven't started saving for it at all, this tax article will give you some advice on readying yourself for this imminent event."
Bill Smith presents TurboTax Makes the Most of Superbowl Time! posted at 2012 Tax – Free Tax Filing Options, saying, "There is nothing better this time of year than watching the Superbowl especially if your team made it."
Bill Smith presents Healthcare & Intuit TurboTax posted at 2010 Taxes to 2013 Taxes, saying, "To know the ropes of TurboTax Health care and understand the highlighters of Affordable Care Act, turn your glances towards Intuit Inc. to get apprised of the facts."
Bill Smith presents TurboTax And The Earned Income Tax Credit posted at 2013 Taxes, saying, "Individuals who wish to use a tax service may wish to try TurboTax 2013. This is the option that they may need to easily pay their taxes, and be able to get the tax help they can use."
Bill Smith presents H&R Block Deluxe and TurboTax Deluxe posted at 2014 Taxes, saying, "H&R Block Deluxe and TurboTax Deluxe are all online tax software that offers tax solutions."
[email protected] presents Will the Alternative Minimum Tax Zap You for 2013? posted at Money Counselor, saying, "Americans' elected representatives have created a semi-secret weapon to help assure you pay what they deem is your fair share: the Alternative Minimum Tax."
That concludes this edition. Submit your blog article to the next edition of tax carnival ecstasy using our carnival submission form. Past posts and future hosts can be found on our blog carnival index page.
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Exclusive SuperBowl Ad Preview: Turbo Tax 2013 Puts The Fun In Taxes
Posted on | January 29, 2014 | Comments Off on Exclusive SuperBowl Ad Preview: Turbo Tax 2013 Puts The Fun In Taxes
It's hard to put taxes and fun in the same sentence; Taxes are nobody's favorite thing. The confusing jargon and often complicated form names, exceptions and rules lead to many Americans dreading having to file their taxes each year. What a lot of them don't realize though is that filing taxes doesn't have to be so confusing. In fact, it can be easy, with the help of technology.
We let technology guide us through the day, from waking us up in the morning to letting us do our jobs to providing us with entertainment at night. It's hard to imagine there's any American left that doesn't have access to a computer, laptop, smartphone or tablet. TurboTax 2013 utilizes that fact and comes with a super easy tax filing program that lets people do their 2013 tax return with ease. All that's required is answering straightforward questions about life, which – as TurboTax 2013 hypothesizes – nobody can do better than the tax filer himself.
As part of a new campaign to persuade Americans to file their own taxes TurboTax 2013 has come up with a series of fun, endearing advertisements. And to make sure they reach an audience as big as possible the ads will launch as part of the Super Bowl Ads in 2014. After all everyone has to file taxes, and what other platform reaches all kinds of Americans at the same time in such large numbers?
As most people know SuperBowl ads aren't just your regular TV ads, they're the cream of the crop that are in a league of their own. Advertising space of just 30 seconds during the SuperBowl can cost multiple millions. It's therefore no surprise that SuperBowl ads often feature A-list celebrities and have sky-high budgets. SuperBowl ads are funny, endearing or even small works of arts. Their goal is to achieve maximum impact and with the rise of YouTube many of them have gone viral in recent years. Not an easy thing to accomplish for a company dealing with taxes in comparison to, say, a company selling soda or a TV production company.
Conceptualized by advertising agency Wieden + Kennedy, the TurboTax 2013 SuperBowl ads manage to continue the tradition of funny, clever and endearing SuperBowl ad though. From a girlfriend subjecting her unsuspecting boyfriend to one random question after another to a guy flying with a bird in the sky (yes, you read that right) the TurboTax 2013 ads have admirably put the fun in taxes. Check out an exclusive preview below!
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How To File Back Taxes
Posted on | November 5, 2013 | Comments Off on How To File Back Taxes
How To File Back Taxes
All people with income need to file taxes yearly. If you have missed one or more years in the past ten, now is the time to file back taxes. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) can impose steadily increasing fines and penalties the longer you wait.
Why File Back Taxes
There are convincing reasons to catch up on back taxes:
• Reduce penalties; there are separate penalties for not filing, and for not paying; by filing you avoid one penalty even if you cannot afford to pay immediately
• Ease your conscience by meeting legal requirements
• Start the clock on the IRS statute of limitations which is three years to audit and ten years to collect
• If the IRS has sent an inaccurate estimate, filing can correct it
• You may be due a refund for any of the previous three years; unless you file, you will not know
Steps for Filing Back Tax Forms
Follow these steps to file back taxes:
• Gather all W-2s or 1099 forms, receipts and other documents to support deductions and credits for each year
• If you are missing W-2s, 1099s or 1098s to support deductions, ask for copies from the IRS, using Form 4506-T
• Download appropriate tax forms for each year, or use tax preparation software
• Prepare the tax return for each year, using that year's information and guidelines
• Submit the forms, along with as much of a payment as possible to reduce interest charges
• After filing, talk to the IRS to try to reduce penalties and fees
If you need help to file back taxes, consult a tax attorney. He can help gather and complete necessary documents to send to the IRS. This professional can also negotiate a payment plan or settle other issues.
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Tags: Accounting > Back taxes > Federal Election Commission > H&R Block > internal revenue service > irs > IRS tax forms > tax > Tax Law > Tax Preparation > Tea Party > United States
A Look At The 2014 Tax Deadline
Posted on | October 10, 2013 | Comments Off on A Look At The 2014 Tax Deadline
The 2014 Tax Deadline
Like most years, the tax deadline for 2014 falls on April 15. Failure to file federal income taxes by this date results in penalties. Most people seek to avoid these financial penalties and get their taxes in on time. Still, thousands of taxpayers run into trouble and can't meet this deadline each year. Each American adult is required to pay taxes, and taxpayers should strive to meet these deadlines.
Many late filers simply procrastinate until the very end and pay the price. Without a doubt, taxpayers should start gathering their documents as soon as possible. Companies and stock firms usually send out necessary tax forms by the middle of February. Two months is more than ample time to file one's federal taxes. Therefore, the average taxpayer doesn't have a good excuse for not meeting the tax deadline 2014.
For 2014, the six-month extension lasts until October 13, 2014. That date is static and won't be changed by the government shutdown. Anyone can take advantage of this extension, but they must apply for it. Fortunately, each taxpayer is guaranteed an extension, and many states offer automatic extensions. A simple extension doesn't free a person from accrued interest on their tax burden, though.
In the end, tax deadline 2014 is much like every other year. A taxpayer can't wait too long to file their taxes. They could otherwise find themselves spending hundreds or thousands on penalty fees. Sadly, such penalties can push a person into financial distress quite quickly. It's always a better idea to file taxes as early as possible on an annual basis.
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Make Your Individual Financial Troubles A Thing Of the Past With This Useful Info
Posted on | September 10, 2013 | Comments Off on Make Your Individual Financial Troubles A Thing Of the Past With This Useful Info
Individual Financial Troubles
Numerous individuals discover their finances have become one of the most stressful and confusing elements of their adult lives. If you're one of these individuals, do not despair. This short article will give you the advice you need to handle nearly any financial scenario that you might encounter.
Cooking at home can give you a great deal of extra money and help your individual finances. While it may take you some extra time for you to cook the meals, you will save a great deal of money by not having to pay an additional company to make your meals. The business has to pay something to employees, buy materials, buy fuel and nonetheless have to profit. By taking them out of the equation, you are able to see just how much you are able to save.
Also keep in mind to save a little money before spending it. It is simple to invest now, and forget to save later. Because the cash is not accessible, it'll make it easier to stick to your budget.
To teach your kids about individual finance, begin giving them an allowance when they are young. This really is a great method to teach them the value of cash while also teaching them duty. Earning their very own money will make sure that kids will know the worth of working and saving when they are older.
As a college student, you'll wish to decrease the amount that you spend on books and supplies. Rather than purchasing books in the campus book-store, that is generally at retail cost, make buddies with upper-class students who can give you these books at a discount. This can save you hundreds of dollars per semester.
Don't shop for your meals on a daily basis but instead plan your grocery shopping ahead of time for the week. This will keep you from stopping by the store daily and spending carelessly. And if you can skip a week and prepare meals from the food already in your home, even better.
Your personal finances don't need to be the source of endless concern and aggravation. If you owe back taxes, file your back taxes and stop worrying over them. And try applying the suggestions you have just learned, you are able to master practically any monetary scenario. Prior to you realizing it, you'll have turned what was one of your greatest anxieties into one of your greatest strengths.
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Tags: Education > Finance > Home > Meal > Money > Money management > Personal Finance > Save (baseball)
Are Annuities a Good Investment
Posted on | July 18, 2013 | Comments Off on Are Annuities a Good Investment
Are Annuities a Good Investment
There are two different types of annuities: deferred annuities and immediate annuities. The type of annuity you choose depends on how soon you expect to receive payments. If you are looking for a long term investment where you plan on making withdrawals once you reach retirement then you might choose a deferred annuity. If you are looking to make withdrawals sooner than you may want to choose an immediate annuity.
Either type of annuity can be fixed or variable. A fixed annuity acts like a CD from a bank but in this case it is an investment with an insurance company. You have a fixed interest rate that you receive for the annuity and it is usually a higher percentage than a normal CD would bring at a bank.
The guaranteed interest payment from these fixed annuities as well as the minimum amounts that you have to invest makes the fixed annuities appealing for those who are not confident in the ways of the stock market.
Another nice thing is that you do not have to pay taxes on the interest gained until you decide to start withdrawing the money from the annuity. A disadvantage with fixed annuities is that the interest rates might be high to begin with but can drop after the first year of having the annuity. This unknown factor can be a turn off for some who are hoping that they can maintain the rates that they first received when they started their annuity.
If you do not like the new rates and want to withdraw your annuity before it matures then you might be stuck paying surrender charges that will cut into your profits. With a variable annuity you can choose from a variety of investments to put your money into and the rate of payment you receive depends on how well the investments performed. With variable annuities you invest in several different stock or bond like accounts that will help your investment grow over a long period of time. Just like with the fixed annuities you pay no taxes on your gains until you begin withdrawing from your account.
Although with variable annuities you may have an opportunity to have greater growth potential with your investment there are some drawbacks as well. The investments you chose may take a turn for the worse causing your potential growth to plummet. There are drawbacks with the tax rates when you decide to withdraw you money,as well as fees if you decide to withdraw early and there can be high sales commission fees. It is good to do your research before you decide which annuity is best for you or even if an annuity is a good investment.
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Jorge Alba Ramos, better known as Jordi Alba, is a Catalan footballer of FC Barcelona, as a left back.
In 1996 he took his first steps in the At. Hospitalense team, Barcelona. In 1998, he joined FC Barcelona to play in the lower grades. In 2005 he leaves the EU to move to Barca Cornella and then to Valencia CF . n. After a good season he was called by the U-21 to play the World Cup U-20. When summer ended he went back to Valencia for the preseason. That's when he starts to play for the Valencia team. On July 5, 2012 he made his return to the club, making him the first to sign of Tito Vilanova. He has won Liga titles, Spain Super Cup and European Championship in Poland and Ukraine.Read less
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Sergio Ramos García (born on March 30th 1986) is a Spanish soccer player known for his performance in
Sevilla Futbol Club and Real Madrid.
He started in his town soccer club, Camas (Seville), but son entered the Sevilla FC quarry playing in junior categories until his debut in Premier League with the Andalusian team in season 2003/2004. After two promising seasons, Real Madrid recruited him for €26 million, becoming so far the most expensive transfer of a player his age.
This young player (19 years old at his arrival) grew his relevance in the team, becoming second captain and developing that role in absence of the first captain Iker Casillas. His versatility has made him a key figure in Real Madrid, playing in the following season both as right-back and center-back.
He was selected to play in the Spanish National Team when he was only 18 years old. He played in the Euro 2004 under-19 Championship (in 2008 and 2012) and South Africa World Cup 2010. Seven Leagues with Real Madrid must be added to all his titles.
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Gerard Piqué (born February 2, 1987 ) is a Spanish footballer who has played as a central defender for
Manchester United, Real Zaragoza and FC Barcelona. Formed through the ranks of Barça play and all lower categories of Blaugrana , Piqué signed his first professional contract at the Premier League club of Manchester United, with which he made his first team debut in 2006. After a loan spell with Real Zaragoza , the Catalonian returned to the Manchester United, helping the club to win the championship of the Premier League and UEFA Champions League. In May 2008 , Piqué returned to the team that made him and became a key part of the FC Barcelona training, which has experienced a golden age marked by four league championships , four Super Cups, two Copa King, two Champions Leagues , two European Super Cups and two World Clubs . His success is also covered with his international involvement with the Spanish team , in which he debuted at senior level in 2009, which has become a World Cup.Read less
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Camilo Zuñiga, más conocido como "Zuzu", es un futbolista de Chigorodó - Colombia y su actual equipo
es SSC Napoli de la Serie A de Italia.
Debutó en el Atlético Nacional en la Categoría Primera A. En el 2008, es traspasado al Siena de la Serie A italiana, en donde tuvo problemas con el Club por incumplimiento de pago, por tres millones de euros, estipulados en el contrato con el club.
En el 2009, se traslada a Napolí, club actual hasta la fecha. El año pasado volvió a renovar contrato por cinco años con ellos y afirmo: "Amo el equipo y a los hinchas, yo vivo en Nápoles bien y espero terminar mi carrera aquí".
Fecha de nacimiento: 14 de diciembre de 1985
Posición: Centrocampista
Altura: 172 cm
Peso: 72 kg
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The Bedford-Franklin Regional Rail Committee Rail Liaison Committee has settled on a site for a rail passenger station in Bedford. Last week, Brian McCrodden, a member of the committee, briefed Bedford Town Council.
The county supervisors voted 4-3, Monday night, to approve a special use permit for a commercial wedding venue in the Goode area.
The commercial wedding venue will be on Glass Hill Road, a half-mile from its intersection with Otterville Road. Events will be held on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. Outdoor music will end at 10 p.m., an hour before the county's noise ordinance takes effect. Events will be limited to 200 people and a water truck will be used to control dust on the gravel road.
Bedford County's Parks and Rec department held its first art camp last week.
The day camp, held at the Forest Recreation Center, drew 22 children. This camp was for children ages 5 to 10. One for older children is being held this week.
Jenn Fitzgerald, an elementary school art teacher from Campbell County, was the instructor.
"I had worked with her previously," said Stuart Saunders, the program coordinator for Bedford County Parks and Rec.
Army reservists arriving at Bedford's Army Reserve Center nearly spent a weekend making do without water from the Bedford Regional Water Authority.
The Water Authority had disconnected the Reserve Center last week because of non-payment of its last bill. Water service was reconnected before the reservists arrived because Bedford Mayor Bob Wandrei personally paid the Reserve Center's past due amount of $1,259.42.
The board of supervisors authorized, Monday night, spending $38 million to build a new middle school in the Liberty attendance zone as well as a competitive gym for Liberty High School.
Dumpsters will no longer be available for use at the Bedford Landfill off Orange Street beginning July 1.
Residents will still be able to utilize the landfill by going through the scales during regular business hours.
Bedford Town Manager Charles Kolakowski also said area residents may use the dumpster facilities operated by the county in the area – including at Falling Creek, Route 43 near Northside Supply and in Goode.
The school board unanimously voted, with no discussion, to declare Body Camp Elementary School and Thaxton Elementary School surplus and turn them over to the Bedford County Board of Supervisors. The resolution declares them surplus effective Aug. 1.
Monday afternoon, at 5:54 p.m., Bedford County 911 dispatch received a call from a female on Triggs Road, Bedford, stating that she had been robbed by a male subject holding a large "butcher" knife to her stomach and demanding "all of her money."
The victim gave the subject the contents of her wallet. After pushing the victim into a chair in the living room he exited the house by the back door, but not before cutting the phone lines so that a call could not be placed.
At 9:50 p.m. Monday evening, Bedford County 911 dispatchers received a call reporting a possible child abuse on Mt. Airy Road, Lynch Station. A Bedford County sheriff's deputy was dispatched to the location. After arriving on the scene and investigating the complaint Bedford County Social Services Child Protection investigators were contacted and made aware of the complaint.
When he took over as chief at the Bedford Police Department, Todd Foreman stated getting law enforcement involved with the community was crucial.
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The Bedford Bulletin is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Bedford County and Bedford, VA and the surrounding area.


text: NCGAS http://hdl.handle.net/2022/14531 2015-10-13T14:00:55Z 2015-10-13T14:00:55Z Targeted analysis of recombinant NF kappa B (RelA/p65) by denaturing and native top down mass spectrometry Savaryn, John Paul Skinner, Owen S. Fornelli, Luca Fellers, Ryan T. Compton, Philip D. Terhune, Scott S. Abecassis, Mike M. Kelleher, Neil L. http://hdl.handle.net/2022/19900 2015-05-21T12:14:27Z 2015-05-04T00:00:00Z Targeted analysis of recombinant NF kappa B (RelA/p65) by denaturing and native top down mass spectrometry Savaryn, John Paul; Skinner, Owen S.; Fornelli, Luca; Fellers, Ryan T.; Compton, Philip D.; Terhune, Scott S.; Abecassis, Mike M.; Kelleher, Neil L. Measuring post-translational modifications on transcription factors by targeted mass spectrometry is hampered by low protein abundance and inefficient isolation. Here, we utilized HaloTag technology to overcome these limitations and evaluate various top down mass spectrometry approaches for measuring NF-?B p65 proteoforms isolated from human cells. We show isotopic resolution of N-terminally acetylated p65 and determined it is the most abundant proteoform expressed following transfection in 293T cells. We also show MS1 evidence for monophosphorylation of p65 under similar culture conditions and describe a high propensity for p65 proteoforms to fragment internally during beam-style MS2 fragmentation; up to 71% of the fragment ions could be matched as internals in some fragmentation spectra. Finally, we used native spray mass spectrometry to measure proteins copurifying with p65 and present evidence for the native detection of p65, 71 kDa heat shock protein, and p65 homodimer. Collectively, our work demonstrates the efficient isolation and top down mass spectrometry analysis of p65 from human cells, and we discuss the perturbations of overexpressing tagged proteins to study their biochemistry. 2015-05-04T00:00:00Z The National Center for Genome Analysis Support, IU and You! Ganote, Carrie Barnett, William http://hdl.handle.net/2022/19035 2014-10-21T13:32:07Z 2014-10-07T00:00:00Z The National Center for Genome Analysis Support, IU and You! Ganote, Carrie; Barnett, William Presented at Statewide IT Conference, October 7-8, 2014 2014-10-07T00:00:00Z Quality Control and Assessment of RNA-Seq Data Ganote, Carrie Podicheti, Ram Wu, Le-Shin Doak, Thomas http://hdl.handle.net/2022/19034 2014-10-21T13:31:09Z 2014-07-22T00:00:00Z Quality Control and Assessment of RNA-Seq Data Ganote, Carrie; Podicheti, Ram; Wu, Le-Shin; Doak, Thomas Presented at the Genomics in July Conference, July 22-25 2014 2014-07-22T00:00:00Z Using National Cyberinfrastructure Ganote, Carrie Doak, Thomas http://hdl.handle.net/2022/19033 2014-10-21T13:28:00Z 2014-09-04T00:00:00Z Using National Cyberinfrastructure Ganote, Carrie; Doak, Thomas Presentation given at the Southern Illinois at Carbondale Campus Visit, September 3-4, 2014. 2014-09-04T00:00:00Z


text: More from SI Report: Dodgers release pitcher Freddy Garcia Report: Dodgers release pitcher Freddy Garcia Marshawn Lynch sports gold cleats for Super Bowl Marshawn Lynch sports gold cleats for Super Bowl Louisville vs. FIU: Game time, live stream, TV coverage Louisville vs. FIU: Game time, live stream, TV coverage Pittsburgh-area high school football player dies after... Pittsburgh-area high school football player dies after... Close Tweet0 Share0 Comment0 Share0 Share0 Stumble It0 Print0 More SI Wire Report: NFL considering excluding academically ineligible players from Combine by Erin Weaver Email Posted: Sun Jul. 7, 2013 The NFL is considering banning academically ineligible draft prospects from the Combine . (Joe Robbins/Getty Images)The NFL is considering not extending an invitation to the Combine to players who are academicaly ineligible in college, according to CBSSports.com.CBS's source said the move is being discussed as a result of increased concern with the maturity and commitment of prospects entering the NFL. If the measure were in place for the 2013 Combine, a considerable number of players would not have been invited to Indianapolis for the Combine.NCAA academic eligibility regulates a student-athlete's coursework completion and GPA. From the NCAA's website:In Division I, student-athletes must complete 40 percent of the coursework required for a degree by the end of their second year. They must complete 60 percent by the end of their third year and 80 percent by the end of their fourth year. Student-athletes are allowed five years to graduate while receiving athletically related financial aid. All Division I student-athletes must earn at least six credit hours each term to be eligible for the following term and must meet minimum grade-point average requirements that are related to an institution's own GPA standards for graduation. Promoted Stories Comments


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EURIAS Fellowship Programme is an international researcher mobility programme bringing together 16 Institutes for Advanced Study across Europe. It offers 43 fellowships for the 2016/2017 academic year. EURIAS Fellowships are mainly offered in the fields of the humanities and social … Continue reading
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2015 Amartya Sen Prize Contest: Call for Submissions
The Yale Global Justice Program, Global Financial Integrity, and Academics Stand Against Poverty invite submissions of original essays of ca. 7,000 to 9,000 words on the intelligent use of incentives toward curtailing corporations' use of tax evasion and avoidance, abusive … Continue reading
Call for Abstracts: Commemoration, Contexts and Concepts Conference
Across the island of Ireland, we have entered a ten-year period during which the centenaries of the foundational events of our states and societies will take place. While the conference is about the commemoration of these events, our focus is … Continue reading
24th annual John K. Friesen Conference: Harnessing Technology for Aging-in-Place
Harnessing Technology for Aging-in-Place 24th annual John K. Friesen conference May 14-15, 2015 – Simon Fraser University Vancouver campus | 515 W Hastings Street, Vancouver, Canada This conference explores the range of technologies available or under development for adults 55+ … Continue reading


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Living with Loss, Healing with Hope: A Jewish Perspective (Paperback)
Earl Grollman's "Living When a Loved One Has Died" has brought comfort to more than 250,000 readers. In "Living with Loss, Healing with Hope, " Grollman speaks directly to mourners of the Jewish faith. By weaving quotations from Jewish writers and philosophers into his comforting and expert prose, Grollman guides readers through the journey of mourning, healing, and hope.
A colleague of Grollman's once told him, "Earl, I am not a member of your faith, but if I wanted the soundest emotional and spiritual approach to death, I would be a Jew." Occasionally quoting from sacred texts as well as Jewish writers and philosophers, "Living with Loss, Healing with Hope" illuminates Judaism's powerful recognition of the trauma of grief and of the mourner's responsibility eventually to return to the rhythm of life. In a brief final section, the author guides readers through Jewish funeral observances, Shiva, and beyond, and reminds all that these symbolic customs are 'about change-remembrance, letting go, and moving on.'
About the Author
Rabbi Earl A. Grollman is an internationally recognized bereavement counselor who has been named Hero of the Heartland and given the Distinguished Human Service Award from Yeshiva University, among countless other awards. He is author of the best-selling Living When a Loved One Has Died (Beacon / 2719-7 / $10.00 pb), among many other books, and articles about him and his work have appeared in USA Today, Harper's, Reader's Digest, Ann Landers, People, and in virtually every major American daily. He lives in Belmont, Massachusetts.
Praise For…
Earl Grollman is still the master of consolation. Every word of this little book is a polished jewel. --Harold S. Kushner, author of When Bad Things Happen to Good People
"Rabbi Grollman has been an unfailing source of wisdom for many years. Now, in his latest book, he crowns his work with profound insight, with simplicity, beauty, and compassion. Living with Loss, Healing with Hope is an invaluable resource for mourners. . . . I cannot recommend it highly enough." --Rabbi Chaim Stern, editor of Gates of Repentance
"In this unique volume, Earl Grollman provides mourners with specific Jewish guideposts to move them from grief and despair to measure relief and hope. His insights will help readers to reshape their lives." --Paul Menitoff, executive vice president, Central Conference of American Rabbis
"Rabbi Grollman's. . . . book is a comfort to those still in the throngs of loss-to the person whose mind travels like a butterfly, flitting between memories, navigating diverse emotions. . . . it feeds the heart and soul." --The Jewish Chronicle of Pittsburgh
"In this slim volume, Rabbi Grollman, a prolific writer and sage bereavement counselor, offers the essence of Jewish wisdom concerning the death of loved ones." --Moment


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Was a marriage killer lurking on Dexter?
No way, says costar Julia Stiles, the target of rumors she was a "third party" in the breakup of Michael C. Hall and Jennifer Carpenter.
"I have absolutely nothing to do with the split between Michael and Jennifer," the actress, 29, says in a statement. "We are good friends and enjoyed working together. This is a personal matter between them, and we should respect their privacy."
Adds Stiles, "Although I too prefer to keep my private life, private – I felt compelled ...
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A new game engine takes the series to the next level, and this indoor dirt track racer will put your driving skills to the test Racedrome Offroad.
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Man United draw with Bayern Munich 1-1
Manchester United drew with Bayern Munich 1-1 in their first leg of the European Champions League quarterfinals at Old Trafford Tuesday, Xinhua reported.
Nemanja Vidic put Manchester United ahead in the 58th minute as he headed in a Wayne Rooney corner.
But the visitors levelled the score only nine minutes later. Bastian Schweinsteiger was found by a fine header from substitute Mario Mandzukic and the Germany international midfielder drove the ball into the top corner with his left foot.
Schweinsteiger was sent off two minutes before the time after being shown a second yellow card for bringing down Rooney. He will miss the second leg match next week.
(Posted on 02-04-2014)
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text: Jean Lenox | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information Official Broadway League sites: - sites - broadway.org broadwayleague.com broadwayfanclub.com kidsnightonbroadway.com stagespecs.org tonyawards.com Quick Search For: In This Category: All Show People/Org. Theatre Season Jean Lenox Composer, Lyricist Productions ProductionsDate of ProductionsTintypes[Musical, Revue, Original] Featuring songs by Jean Lenox Oct 23, 1980 - Jan 11, 1981Fascinating Flora[Musical, Comedy, Original] Featuring songs with lyrics by Jean Lenox May 20, 1907 - Sep 07, 1907 Find out where Jean Lenox and are credited together © 2001-2015, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. (Copyright and Disclaimer)


text: Nothing special about this hotel, but also nothing to complain about. The rooms are garish but large and comfortable. Even though the room itself was garish and in need of redecorating the washroom was modern, large, and the shower itself was huge! The WiFi was dodgy, it worked only when it felt like it. The best thing about this hotel... More


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If you're willing to invest in some additional accessories and have a fast Internet connection, the Cricut Explore can be a fun and useful machine for passionate arts and crafts do-it-yourselfers.
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Old developers and new talk about what makes a good Ghost Recon.
Speaking at a conference in San Francisco, the social-networking giant's CEO says VR will eventually become a normal part of life, in the same way mobile devices have.
NASA has tested two prototypes of its "Hedgehog" robot concept to see how they perform in microgravity.
Original content could be a valuable addition to a much-hinted-at Web-based subscription TV service.