text:
NEW YORK — A longtime confidant and adviser to U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan abruptly resigned this week, while two senior management and budgetary experts indicated they plan to leave shortly.
The exodus reflects a period of uncertainty among senior U.N. management as Mr. Annan enters the final two years of his current term, a time that is likely to be focused in large measure on the oil-for-food scandal.
Mr. Annan's longtime chief of staff, Iqbal Riza, resigned abruptly Wednesday, surprising even those closest to the secretary-general.
Catherine Bertini, the head of U.N. management and administration, also hopes to leave by spring. Mrs. Bertini, 54, the former head of the World Food Program, said she would stay on until her successor is found, but said she's looking for a new career path.
And longtime U.N. Controller Jean-Pierre Halbwachs put in for early retirement Tuesday.
"The secretary-general accepts the letter of resignation 'with mixed emotions,' said U.N. spokesman Fred Eckhard of Mr. Riza during the daily press conference. He read from a statement that he had not seen until it was handed to him in the middle of the briefing.
"Mr. Riza has, throughout these years of service to the United Nations, carried out his duties with unflinching dedication to the ideals and principles of the organization."
Although there was a tendency to connect the departures to the oil-for-food program, several diplomats said they accepted the news as a coincidence.
"I honestly can't find a link between them," said one diplomat who has worked with all of them. "Other than all are working for the U.N. for a significant time."
Mr. Riza, 70 and well past the mandatory retirement age of 62, has spoken of retiring for more than a year. But the speed of the announcement, made hours before Mr. Annan departed for the holidays, generated considerable speculation about a hidden motive.
"This was probably as good a time for him to leave as they could find," said one U.N. observer, who noted that as chief of cabinet, the Pakistani national was instrumental in crafting the office's response to questions about the humanitarian program for Iraq.
Mr. Riza, a slender and soft-spoken man known as a prickly gatekeeper to his boss, has worked in the organization since 1978 on various high-profile issues, including the Iraq-Iran conflict, the Nicaragua and El Salvador insurgencies and the Bosnia split from the former Yugoslavia.
Mrs. Bertini, who has also been running the beleaguered staff security office, is an American and a former Republican appointee to the Department of Agriculture.
"I told the secretary-general in September I wanted to look at other things that may be coming my way," she said yesterday afternoon, stressing that she would stay on until a successor has been found. "We didn't agree on a date or anything."
Mrs. Bertini's planned departure puts new pressure on Mr. Annan to stand up to what many here see as U.S. domination within the United Nations.
Senior posts are supposed to rotate geographically, but the past five undersecretaries general for management have been American. That is in part because Washington is the organization's largest single donor.
Officials said that just last week Mr. Annan spoke to U.S. diplomats about finding a successor for Mrs. Bertini.
Mr. Halbwachs is also leaving the United Nations after a long tenure — some 30 years as controller. He told colleagues yesterday that he would accept early retirement.
"His leaving is a real loss," said one diplomat who worked closely with Mr. Halbwachs. "He won't be that easy to replace, I fear."
Other senior posts are vacant or will open up soon.
The head of the U.N. agency that oversees aid to Palestinian refugees, the U.N. Relief and Works Agency, apparently has not yet decided whether to seek a third term. Peter Hansen, of Denmark, has served nine years in the position, incurring the wrath of Israel, the impatience of Arab nations and the distrust of Washington, UNRWA's biggest donor.
The head of UNICEF, Carol Bellamy, an American, will conclude her second term in April. She is unlikely to seek a third term given Washington's insistence that no senior official should serve more than two terms.
That is the Bush administration's rationale for opposing a third term for Mohamed ElBaradei, the Egyptian nuclear scientist who runs the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna. Mr. ElBaradei has refused to go along with Washington on two key issues recently, declining to certify that Iran and Saddam Hussein's Iraq were seeking nuclear weapons.
Also, the U.N. inspector-general's office, filled for one five-year term that cannot be extended or renewed, will be open in April.
Mr. Annan has said that no senior official should serve in one job for more than a decade. Most U.N. agencies have adopted similar time limits.
The Food and Agriculture Organization is about to adopt a two-term rule, but it is not expected to apply to current head Jacques Diouff, who has served 12 years and is seeking another appointment.


text:
The Toxic Lady
In 1994, fumes from a woman's body knocked out most of an emergency room staff. What happened?
by Brian Dunning
Filed under General Science, Health, Urban Legends
|Skeptoid #291
January 3, 2012
Podcast transcript | Listen | Subscribe
By Brian Dunning, Skeptoid Podcast
Episode 291, January 03, 2012
Television news lit up in the United States in February of 1994 when a 31-year-old woman, Gloria Ramirez, died in a hospital emergency room. She'd been acutely ill with advanced cervical cancer, and when she began having pulmonary and respiratory problems, she called paramedics. Soon after she was brought to the emergency room at Riverside General Hospital in southern California, she passed out, and never regained consciousness. So far, there had been nothing unusual or medically out of the ordinary.
One the nurses drew blood from Ramirez, and noted that it both looked and smelled strange. It had an ammonia-like odor, and several people noticed manila-colored crystals floating in the blood. While the emergency room fought to reverse Ramirez' rapidly deteriorating condition, some of the staff began falling ill. Symptoms included dizziness and fainting, a sensation of burning on the skin, nausea, apnea, tremors, even paralysis. Ramirez died, and as her body was moved into isolation, those attending her also fell ill. The emergency room was evacuated to the parking lot. In all, 23 people became ill. Five were hospitalized. One nurse was kept in the hospital for ten days with tremors and apnea. The most seriously ill, a doctor in residence named Julie Gorchynski, stayed in intensive care for two weeks, contracting apnea, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and necrosis of the bone marrow which crippled her legs for months and required at least three surgeries.
Television crews arrived about the same time as the Riverside County hazardous materials team, and as southern California flew into a panic that a woman's body was knocking people out with its fumes, it was hardly noticed that the hazmat team came up empty handed. They found nothing unusual inside the emergency room. They searched for every kind of toxic substance they were equipped to find, and detected nothing that could account for the staff illnesses.
The task fell to the coroner, whose pathologists were charged with autopsying the toxic body. It was the most unusual autopsy the county had ever seen: doctors wearing full airtight suits with respirators, in a special sealed room. They took samples of everything: her tissue, her blood, even air from the bodybag she'd been in. And the final analysis? Nothing. The coroner's office found nothing inconsistent with a victim of cervical cancer, and like the hazmat team, nothing that would have knocked out the hospital staff or been harmful in any way.
The toxic lady, it turned out, was not toxic at all, by the all measures the doctors knew to employ.
And yet two members of the emergency room staff still lay in the hospital with undeniable physical medical conditions, and the rest of the staff all recalled the odors and strange looking blood. Something real had happened that night in February, and all the signs were that Gloria Ramirez, or something inside her, was the cause. Nevertheless, it couldn't be found with any certainty. Many investigations led to dead ends. And in September 1994, nearly seven months after the toxic lady felled the medical staff, the health department released its official report. Ramirez died from cervical cancer, and nothing else. The emergency room victims were found to be free of any explicable medical causes, and were determined to have suffered from a mass sociogenic illness, triggered by a frightening odor of unknown origin.
A sociogenic illness is one that is caused or influenced by social factors, rather than by a physical disease agent. It's a form of mass hysteria where the effect is a perceived illness. The concept of sociogenic illnesses is controversial, and labeling any event to be one always causes dissent and challenge. It's a diagnosis that almost nobody will accept.
During the 1990 gulf war when the first Iraqi SCUD missile struck Israel, 40% of the nearby civilians reported symptoms consistent with a gas attack, exactly as they expected; despite no chemical warhead being in the missile. In 1998, 800 Jordanian schoolchildren were vaccinated, and 122 were admitted to the hospital for what they believed were side effects; but for nearly all of them, no ill effects were found at all. Hundreds more schoolchildren fell ill in Belgium in 1999 after having drunk Coca-Cola, though nothing was found wrong with the beverage and none of the children had anything show up on blood tests. All three of these events are believed to be examples of sociogenic illness. In all cases, the epidemic was probably triggered by a very few victims who responded to some unknown triggering cause, probably a real reaction to something. But the cause was misinterpreted as whatever was obvious at the moment, and others who had been exposed to the same misinterpreted trigger experienced acute stress and fear, and the mass sociogenic illness was initiated.
Much about the Riverside toxic lady episode is consistent with this diagnosis. There were a number of startling surprises when Gloria Ramirez arrived at the emergency room. Besides the ammonia-like smell to her blood and the strange manila crystals in it, staff noticed that the skin on her abdomen had a weird oily appearance and smelled like garlic. Any one of these, or especially all of them together, might have triggered fear, nausea, or other stress reponses in the nurse who drew the blood, which she and others may have interpreted as a physical response to toxic gas. And notably, almost all of the victims were female, and females are historically far more susceptible to sociogenic illness, according to a literature survey published in the British Journal of Psychiatry in 2002. No toxic residue was found by the hazmat team or by the coroner's team. The paramedics who had answered Ramirez' call and brought her to the hospital also came into contact with her blood when they started an intravenous line, and reported no ill effects at all. Despite its seeming improbability for an experienced emergency room staff, the sociogenic illness explanation was not only a good fit for the toxic lady incident, it was almost an open-and-shut case.
But in spite of the official report, toxicology investigations had been going on behind the scenes the whole year. When the coroners found nothing, they enlisted some outside help from an impressive source: the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in northern California. Since there wasn't much doing in the cold war business in 1994, Livermore had set up a forensics lab to offer their expertise to law enforcement agencies who might need it.
While on center stage the sociogenic illness explanation was offered, and Dr. Gorchynski filed a $6 million lawsuit against the hospital, backstage the Livermore team was hard at work. To make a long story short, they finally pieced together a scenario that some see as plausible, and some not so much. Their breakthrough came from gas chromatograph mass spectrometer analysis of the samples from Ramirez, and also from the headspace, which is the air between the sample and the lid of the container. The spectrometer showed one surprising peak that couldn't be accounted for by the drugs Ramirez had been given: a concentration of dimethyl sulfone.
Dimethyl sulfone is one oxygen atom away from a similar chemical, dimethyl sulfoxide, commonly called DMSO. DMSO is sold as a gel in hardware stores as a powerful degreaser, and it's also used by athletes to rub onto sore muscles. In fact, many people put it on their skin to relieve pain from conditions like arthritis. It's not really great for you, but people do it anyway. DMSO also caught the attention of the Livermore researchers because it would explain the greasy appearance of Ramirez' torso and the garlic-like odor.
When the paramedics gave Ramirez oxygen in the ambulance, the high oxygen concentration in her blood would have combined with the DMSO they theorize she had self-administered to relieve pain from her cancer, and formed the dimethyl sulfone observed in the spectrometer results. Ramirez' family insisted that she did not take DMSO, but the spike on the spectrometer is pretty hard to argue with, and she certainly would not have been the first cancer patient to do that. Moreover, her cervical cancer had caused kidney failure (which is actually what killed her), and any DMSO would have built up to very high levels in her blood. In the Livermore researchers' tests to reproduce the process, dimethyl sulfone in blood — when cooled below body temperature by being withdrawn in a syringe — formed nice white crystals, which when viewed through blood plasma, were a dead ringer for the manila-colored crystals reported by the hospital staff.
The problem is that dimethyl sulfone wouldn't have hurt anyone, and this is where the Livermore findings have become a bit controversial. If some of the dimethyl sulfone molecules had broken down in her bloodstream, they would have combined with sulfates to form dimethyl sulfate, which is a powerful nerve gas. It produces all the same symptoms that struck the emergency room staff, with the exception of nausea. It even causes the hepatitis and pancreatitis that struck Julie Gorchynski. When the paramedics started the IV line in the ambulance, the conversion of DMSO to dimethyl sulfone was only just beginning and there would have not been any dimethyl sulfate nerve gas to affect them. But by the time the hospital staff worked on her, there was just enough to knock out those working close to the drawn blood, which is exactly what happened.
Some chemists find this conversion of dimethyl sulfone into dimethyl sulfate to be implausible, but the Livermore researchers argue that this would have inevitably happened to at least some small amount of it. It's impossible to know for sure if this is what happened to Gloria Ramirez, because if it had, all the suspect compounds except the dimethyl sulfone would have evaporated away or broken back down into constituents that are normally found in the body, effectively covering their tracks and eluding the hazmat teams and the coroners. By November, even People magazine reported that the mystery of the toxic lady had indeed been solved, citing Ramirez' use of DMSO as the ultimate cause.
So there were now two pretty solid theories left standing, the sociogenic illness and the DMSO. Neither is perfect, and both have sound criticism.
We don't know for an absolutely certainty, and probably never will, what caused the tragic events on that February night in Riverside. But a review of the facts shows that the title of "toxic lady" is unfair and undeserved. There was nothing toxic about Gloria Ramirez; just an all-too-young cancer victim doing her best to stay alive at the end of a painful and horrible illness. Hopefully we learned something from her case that will prevent future injuries.
© 2012 Skeptoid Media
References & Further Reading
Adams, C. "What's the Story on the Toxic Lady?" The Straight Dope. Creative Loafing Media, Inc., 22 Mar. 1996. Web. 30 Dec. 2011. <http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/999/whats-the-story-on-the-toxic-lady>
Bartholomew, R., Wessely, S. "Protean Nature of Mass Sociogenic Illness: From Possessed Nuns to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Fears." British Journal of Psychiatry. 1 Jan. 2002, Volume 2002, Number 180: 300-306.
Editors. "Doctor Faults State Report On Faintings." New York Times. 4 Sep. 1994, Newspaper.
Gleick, E. "Solved: a Medical Puzzle." People. 21 Nov. 1994, Volume 42, Number 21: 107-108.
Stone, R. "Analysis of a Toxic Death." Discover Magazine. 1 Apr. 1995, Volume 16, Number 4.
Watson, R. "Coca-Cola Health Scare May Be Mass Sociogenic Illness." British Medical Journal. 17 Jul. 1999, Volume 319, Number 7203: 146.
Weir, E. "Mass Sociogenic Illness." Canadian Medical Association Journal. 4 Jan. 2005, Volume 172, Number 1.
Reference this article:
Dunning, B. "The Toxic Lady." Skeptoid Podcast. Skeptoid Media, 3 Jan 2012. Web. 6 Oct 2015. <http://skeptoid.com/episodes/4291>
Oops! 1994 is correct. It's fixed now. Thanks!
Odd, I just heard some football players talking about DMSO on the radio the other day.
The DMSO discovery was, indeed, interesting. While DMSO is metabolized into dimethyl sulfone, I am highly skeptical of any dimethyl sulfate production (I'm an organic chemist). Surely, someone has considered the fact that MSM (methylsulfonyl methane) and dimethyl sulfone are one in the same compound! Why aren't those who take MSM as a "dietary supplement" producing dimethyl sulfate?
Great show, Brian!
Just a question about the text number you mentioned at the end.
Is this service available for other countries, namely Australia?
Marius vanderLubbe, Nullabour Plain, Australia
January 3, 2012 3:41pm
Great show, I've listened to all of your podcasts and they're almost all excellent, but this is my favorite by by far. Well done!
Hi Brian
Love the show. This is a very interesting article indeed! Just out of interest, if the theatre was roughly 50 cubic metres in volume, assuming a concentration of at least 1 ppm of dimethyl sulfate, then the total milligrams excreted by the "toxic lady" would be about 275 mg! Assuming a weight of 60kg, that's about 4.5 µg/L in her bodily fluids. Seems impressive that she survived much longer after that concentration formed (by the defib?)
"Some chemists find this conversion of dimethyl sulfone into dimethyl sulfate to be implausible, but the Livermore researchers argue that this would have inevitably happened to at least some small amount of it."
Thats the bit I like best Nick
No reason why both explanations can't be correct: small amount of dimethyl sulfate causes weird smell and mild symptoms, touching off sociogenic illness.
It must have been a bit of a stretch for the doc's lawyer to pin Hepatitis on this event.
I don't see why both could not be correct. Plus, some people are far more affected by exposure to certain chemicals than others. Each person interprets these exposures in their own context. If a person has reacted to chemicals or smells in the past, there is a tendancy to react to any exposures as threatening. It's just the way our minds work--if you passed out from say, paint thinner fumes, then any time anything resembling that smell comes up, one tends to recoil. It's self-preservation. Sometimes it's not in our best interest of course, and one can often override the reaction by stopping and evaluating whether this reaction is real. I definately agree that the poor woman is remembered for the wrong reasons.
I agree. Some combination of both explanations may be more likely than either on its own.
At 3 minutes & 24 seconds into the recording of this episode, I think you meant to say 1994, instead of 2004. Oops! Maybe you should include a disclaimer with episode now?
It might just be the way my brain works, but a mistake like that would impede my comprehension of this episode.
Thank you, and keep up the good work!
Sociogenic illness doesn't explain Gorchynski's pancreatitis at all. I'm glad they didn't just call it sociogenic and stop investigating. Too often "sociogenic/psychogenic illness" is just a convenient and virtually unfalsifiable non-explanation that stifles further inquiry, sort of like god-of-the gaps.
overwhelmingly, sociogenic diseases and hypochondrias get in the way of real medical work Max... Its quite common for boards and task groups to sort through 30,000 + documents just to find out they have been barking up the wrong tree.
Usually a syndromes turn out to be due to interauricular tissue transitions. Better known as trend hypochondria.
I am quite happy with sociogenic disease.
Mind you, Brian, Its pretty easy to refer to an MSDS when dealing with a percieved or real disease.
PS I am insensitive to hypochondriacs I meet many every day. If the alternative medicine sales/practices/goods and supplements are a good indicator (and they are) the west has a sociogenic disease plague that is..astoundingly profitable.
Please can I have some of that dingo water? Once through the dingo..I drink the hard stuff in private...
The referenced Straight Dope article put a different spin on the sociogenic illness theory.
"Baffled officials came up with one inane explanation after another. The coroner's office said the ER staff were sickened by the 'smell of death.' The California department of health services blamed the whole thing on mass hysteria. This POd the victims no end, particularly Dr. Gorchynski, who was in the worst shape. She was in the hospital for two weeks, stopped breathing repeatedly, came down with hepatitis and pancreatitis, and later developed bone rot in her knees.
Finally some folks with IQs in the triple digits got into the act."
I find it amasing that after a long term reading skeptoid folk still cant work out that an individual case of pancreatitis is an individual case of pancreatitis.
Back in 1994, the sci.skeptic Usenet newsgroup had extensive discussion of the "Toxic Lady" incident, and the most comprehensive examination was by Camilla Cracchiolo, R.N., who assembled a "Toxic Lady" FAQ, which is gone from its original location but may be found here: http://totse2.net/totse/en/politics/green_planet/toxlady.html
Cecil Adams of "The Straight Dope" covered the story in 1996: http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/999/whats-the-story-on-the-toxic-lady
How is it that no DMSO or MSM commenter, including one chemist, has mentioned the high levels of O2 administered, clearly stated in the article?
A combination of both theories is not unreasonable, but I accept no component of sociogenic factor in the severe elements reported.
Re: the severe elements cannot be sociogenic;
Several years back, I had some health problems:
I presented at the doctor 7 times in a year with so much blood in my urine that it was visible, even without testing, prior to each emergency call to the doctor, I was passing out, feeling terrible and generally was sick enough for my partner to put in emergency calls to my doctor (We get instant emergency appointments here).
Each time, samples were sent for overnight analysis, nothing was found. I had scopes inserted in orifices at both ends, ultrasounds done and a variety of other gynacological and intestinal checks done...all clear. The last time I had it, the bleeding was so severe I was ordered to bed for 10 days, with instructions to take my temperature every hour, and if it increased, call the hospital immediately.
The cause? Finally, when everything else had been ruled out, I was sent to speak to a psychiatrist at the hospital. I had been suffering from stress caused by an undiagnosed anxiety disorder (which I am almost completely over, almost 4 years later). Yup...completely psychogenic. With hindsight, the doctor should maybe have noted that most times I felt better immediately after seeing the doctor, but, I am glad she ruled everything else out first before sending me off to the psychiatrist.
So yes,while most sociogenic/psychogenic illnesses are mild, they can also cause severe symptoms, in rare cases.
Well, this is much less disturbing than what I read about her on another forum...
"Sociogenic illness doesn't explain Gorchynski's pancreatitis at all."
It's quite possible that she already had it and it hadn't been diagnosed.
I know paediatric medicine can very stressful and has a high rate of burn out and heavy drinking and I imagine working the Emergency Rooms must be as bad. Maybe Dr Gorchynski liked a few drinks to unwind.
Wow the power of the human mind and body is amazing! Just when we think we know everything turns out we know nothing!
Both are plausible enough. In my opinion only the fact that Ramirez' family insisted she didnt take any DMSO is indicative enough and so one needs to seriously consider sociogenic factors of illnesses involved. I think a small amount of both theories meets the truth. Combined, they make a strong case. But we can never really know for sure. I think that both happened. The conversion of dimethyl sulfone into dimethyl sulfate is plausible enough and even if a small amount did indeed convert, it's logical to think that some of it is responsible for Gorchynski's pancreatitis. Many thanks Brian.
Well, I doubted her veracity at first, but my goodness the capslock just sold me on it.
OT: I still find this case bizarre, and even though the explanations all sound feasible it still feels like we're missing an element. I don't like unsolved connundrums and this one always feels like no answer will be good enough unless we can prove great big chunks of it.
And Oswald used a MAGIC bullet to shoot JFK & Connolly?
Larry Silverstein (JEW) owned the 3 buildings that IMPLODED on 911 & collected billions on insurance, but it was MUSLIMS that were blamed for the destruction of the Twin Towers & Tower 7.
Americans are a bunch of TV lemmings! If it the TV man says it, its got to be the Truth!
Could it have been as simple as she smelled bad?
failed kidneys (she couldn't expel waste), cancer and bad hygiene led to a confluence of odor. Which spooked the nurses and caused the drama.
I came across a reference to the Ramirez case in Houck and Siegel's "Fundamentals of Forensic Science, the text for a forensic science class that I'll be teaching in the fall. As an organic chemist with over 35 years of experience and having worked with dimethyl sulfide, sulfone and sulfate, I was immediately puzzled by the bizarre explanation of how dimethyl sulfone was converted to the sulfate in vivo. Since my doctoral thesis concerned sulfur chemistry, and I have considerable expertise in this area, I know that it is easy to convert a sulfide to a sulfoxide, and a sulfoxide to a sulfone, as the oxygens are added to the sulfur atom. In order to produce the sulfate from the sulfone, however, one would have to cleave carbon to sulfur bonds, insert an oxygen atom between them and then reassemble the bonds. There is no known mechanism to support this and such a reaction has never been observed either in vitro or in vivo. It just doesn't happen and to suggest otherwise is just pseudoscience.
The sociogenic disease hypothesis is still the most logical explanation
Thanx for that. It goes to a few posts and collective chemistry expressions in the comments section.
Should you enjoy skeptoid note that we normally don't title ourselves on skeptoid. If derision and dissent based argument isnt enough, attacking a title may be an even lower form of fallacy that one invites.
Pick an ugly naming theme so the natives relate.
Madime Dantefer, Greenacres by the sea Oz
August 14, 2013 3:42am
"The Toxic Lady
In 1994, fumes from a woman's body knocked out most of an emergency room staff. What happened?"
- Brian
Maybe she only took a shower twice a year.....?
The sociogenic theory doesn't hold water to me.
Emergency room personnel see and smell MUCH worse than this every day--chronically unwashed homeless people who have fouled themselves, gunshot victims, diabetic carbuncles, TB, gangrene .... You name it, gross and smelly and disgusting is their stock in trade.
The personal example a prior poster gave was actually a psychosomatic illness, caused by a long-standing internal trauma. A sociogenic response is different: mass panic, fueled by ignorance and nerves. Again, not likely in emergency room personnel who see people with transmissible diseases and traumatic injuries on a daily basis.
I hate to say it, but IMHO the sociogenic theory was more easily accepted in large part because the doctor and assisting personnel were female. Yes, even objective trained scientists have biases. Plus, it beats "idiopathic condition of cryptogenic origin." The victims did it!
I realize there are problems with the DMSO theory, but we have no idea what other chemicals were mixed with the DMSO.
I also read an interesting investigation that posited that the cause was meth fumes leaking through an air vent. The emergency room is located in a county that is practically meth central.
Anyway, resorting to "panicked women freaked out" is a cheap shot, when the real answer is, "We still don't know."
I've read that the IV tubes and bags used on her were discarded and never tested, and that he body was improperly stored and had badly decomposed before the autopsy. So the best chances for detecting an actual toxin were considerably reduced. Certainly an odd case.
There was an LA Weekly article that came out years after this all occurred that said that what had actually occurred was that a member of the hospital staff had been manufacturing Methamphetamine in the hospital basement and had been storing P2P (a liquid form of amphetamine)in the IV bags. Apparently, one of the bags ended up in the ER that night and was injected into the body of Gloria Ramirez. I'm currently searching for the article and will provide a link to it once I find it.
Having been a nurse for 17 years prior to change of career and working in both the ICU and ED, I can say for certain that a crew as experienced as those in that hospital that night would have anything but succumbed to a "sociogenic" meltdown like that. We have to deal with some of the most horrific things at times: infections producing smells that will sicken the inexperienced, gangrene/ necrosis stemming from any number of wounds, etc. Doctors and nurses working with and around these things, working with the gore of motor vehicle accidents that do occur, stabbing and gunshot victims don't pass out or get hysterical over smells, blood, guts, brains or protruding bones. Hell, we eat lunch talking about these cases sometimes and certainly don't lose our lunch! In addition, though I am certainly no forensic or organic chemist, it seems there is a possibility, even if remote, that DMSO2 formed and somehow became DMSO4. Now, no, I can't fully articulate how that could happen any better than I can explain idiopathic pain that multiple people experience and are seen for around the world. How does the pain happen if there's nothing to cause it? If we knew, it wouldn't be idiopathic now, would it? ;) Anyway, for those of you men who think yourselves stronger in the stomach than a veteran ED nurse/doctor who also happen to be female, try being an ED tech working with them. I've seen many macho men blow chunks at things we brush off routinely.
Kabryianithayia Shethebat, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
June 17, 2015 4:23am
I can't speak for the chemistry (it's not my area of expertise) but if the patient did use DMSO, any number of chemicals in or on her body could have well leeched into the skin of the people directly caring for her. The danger of DMSO is not the chemical itself but whatever it dissolved and carried through your skin with it. If it gets on your skin, supposedly there is a 'garlic taste' as it enters the rest of your body. (I have not tested this directly as I have never known to get it on myself while using it). Standard practice at our university is to double glove when using it, because it can even get through latex or nitrile gloves. So it seems rather plausible that a few patients got an unexpected toxic dose of something (chemotherapeutic agents, topical medicines in the ER?) via the DMSO while others may have gotten progressively lower doses or had a psychological response.
Having read all the posts, and vaguely remembering the original news item, I posit this: what is ALL the explanations or ones very close were true, with the exception of the poor hygiene theory, and most likely very little if any of the social mass hysteria had any effect, due to trained and experienced hospital staff being exposed the daily horrors of their professions?
The mention of meth fumes from a vent, and the other post referring to a later story that Methamphetamine precursor P2P (1-Phenyl-2-Propanone) may have been unintentionally administered by IV, because someone at the hospital involved in meth cooking had been storing it in IV bags that found their way to the ER?
P2P has the chemical formula C6H5CH2C(O)CH3. Assuming that oxygen was administered to the patient in transit, AND that she had been using DMSO, which received additional levels of Oxygen bonding in vivo, followed by unwitting administration of P2P, could that perfect storm at some possible temperature and pressure alone, have resulted in formation of the sulfate compound, and crystalline precipitate from drawn blood? There has been no mention of what type of chemo, if any was present in her system, or if her condition would have pumped any hepatically (in the liver) built up compound, causing some other further reaction, also not knowing what chemotherapy would have been used on her condition in that year and stage of her illness.
-The Thought Monkey Who Knows Squat
The Thought Monkey Who knows Squat, NYC, NY
July 14, 2015 4:20pm
Every mass hysteria case this article references cites no actual illness being found in the patients involved, and it only being their personal perception. By contrast, find me one other case where very real illnesses such as apnea, hepatitis, pancreatitis, AND necrosis of the bone marrow were produced by mass hysteria, let alone all of them at the same time.
"Sociogenic" illness is a pseudoskeptical explanation, and everyone who stops and thinks about it will know it.
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Due to vendor restrictions this product does not qualify for this offer.
World's Largest Aftermarket Motorcycle Parts and Accessories Superstore!
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These pegs not only look nice but they were a breeze to install. Ten minutes and they were on. Really comfortable ride.
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High school principal Michael Cournoyer is on a leave of absence from the high school, where he just began his first year as principal, his administrative assistant Leslie Moothart said Friday morning.
High school Principal Michael Cournoyer is on a leave of absence from the school, two months after starting the job as principal, Hopkinton school officials confirmed Friday.
Superintendent Cathy MacLeod on Friday said she could not discuss the leave because it is a personnel matter.
High school secretary Leslie Moothart said Cournoyer's leave of absence began Thursday.
School Committee Chairwoman Nancy Burdick said Evan Bishop, the assistant principal is filling in as principal.
"That is what I know," Burdick wrote in an email to the Daily News.
An email sent to Cournoyer's school address bounced back Friday. His name has been removed from the district website and directory.
Cournoyer came to Hopkinton from a job as Holliston High School principal. Previously he was assistant principal of Hopkinton High School and began his career as a high school health teacher at Southbridge High School.
He could not be reached for comment Friday.
Contact Laura Krantz at 508-626-4429 or email@example.com. Follow her on Twitter @laurakrantz.
Comments are currently unavailable on this article
Location, ST | website.com


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Dollar Tree completes Dollar Giant stores purchase
CHESAPEAKE, Va. (AP) - Discount retailer Dollar Tree says it has completed the purchase of Canada's Dollar Giant stores for about $52 million in cash.
The Chesapeake-based company said Wednesday the deal includes 86 Dollar Giant Stores, including substantially all assets, inventory, leasehold rights and intellectual property. It is Dollar Tree's first expansion outside the U.S.
Dollar Giant, based in Vancouver, offers a variety of general merchandise, seasonal goods and everyday items priced at $1.25 Canadian dollars or less.
Dollar Tree had 4,009 stores in 48 states as of Oct. 30.
Subscribe to the Ventura County Star
Need Help? Call us at 1-877-710-6182.
Monday-Friday: 6am-3pm / Saturday: 6:30am-10:30am / Sunday: 7am-11am


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- Shopping Index
- Jewelry (unique)
- Diamond Jewelry
- Black Diamond Jewelry
- Black Diamond Bracelet
Black Diamond Bracelet
- Jewelry & Watches
Fine Jewelry
Fashion Jewelry
- Beads & Charms
- Features
- Brands
More Searches
Black Diamond Bracelet6 Items Found
Belk & Co. Black & White Diamond Cuff in Sterling Silver
$1750.00 $875.00
Vince Camuto Tour of Duty Macrame Olive Pyramid Bracelet
$28.00 $13.29
Bulova Marine Star Collection. Men's Bracelet
$399.00 $299.25
Black Diamond Bracelet
Belk Black Diamond Bracelet
Belk offers a unique and different gift idea in the form of a beautiful black diamond bracelet. Our black diamond tennis bracelet exudes elegance and romance. Our collection of exquisite and elite jewelry includes brand name designs and one of a kind pieces that are stunning. We have something for everyone, so he won't feel neglected when you present him with a black diamond bracelet for men. And what woman wouldn't fancy a black diamond bracelet for women? Imagine a black diamond bracelet with your favorite little black dress. Show off your style in the boardroom, or out for an evening on the town, with a black diamond tennis bracelet from Belk.


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Chhapra-Hajipur Signs 5.85 Billion Rupee Project Loan
Dec. 6 (Bloomberg) -- Chhapra-Hajipur Expressways Ltd., which builds roads in India, borrowed 5.85 billion rupees ($130 million) in a project finance term loan, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
State Bank of India arranged the facility, which matures in January 2023 and pays interest of 250 basis points more than State Bank's base rate, the data show.
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Katrina Nicholas at firstname.lastname@example.com
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Will McSheehy at firstname.lastname@example.com


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'Orion II' Sneaker (Toddler & Little Kid)
|Item # 628043
Details & Care
A snappy sneaker with a breathable mesh upper features dual hook-and-loop closures for easy on and off.
- Synthetic upper and lining/rubber sole.
- By Swissies; imported.
- Kids' Shoes.
Watch the video: Kids' Shoes Fit Fundamentals


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Konica Minolta introduces DiMAGE Master software
updated 03:40 pm EDT, Wed September 15, 2004
DiMAGE Master
Konica Minolta Photo Imaging has introduced , a new image editing and enhancing suite for use in conjunction with the Konica Minolta Maxxum 7D, "the world's first digital Single Lens Reflex (SLR) camera with body-integral anti-shake technology." DiMAGE Master is optional software designed to improve creative workflow for professional and advanced digital camera users. The software's newly developed 3D Lookup Table technology for RAW processing enables more accurate color reproduction, and can process any RAW images taken by Konica Minolta digital cameras.


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With a stay at The Houstonian Hotel, Club & Spa in Houston (Galleria), you'll be convenient to Houston Arboretum and Nature Center and Memorial Park. This 4.5-star resort is within close proximity of Uptown Park and Marq*E Entertainment Center.
Make yourself at home in one of the 289 air-conditioned rooms featuring iPod docking stations and minibars. Wired and wireless Internet access is complimentary, while 42-inch flat-screen televisions with cable programming provide entertainment. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature complimentary toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include laptop-compatible safes and desks, as well as phones with free local calls.
Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities
Pamper yourself with a visit to the spa, which offers massages, body treatments, and facials. You're sure to appreciate the recreational amenities, which include 3 outdoor swimming pools, outdoor tennis courts, and indoor tennis courts. This resort also features complimentary wireless Internet access, concierge services, and gift shops/newsstands. Guests can catch a ride on the complimentary shuttle, which operates within 3 mi.
Enjoy a meal at one of the resort's dining establishments, which include 4 restaurants and a coffee shop/café. From your room, you can also access 24-hour room service. Relax with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge or a poolside bar. Cooked-to-order breakfasts are available for a fee.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access, a business center, and limo/town car service. Planning an event in Houston? This resort has 32,000 square feet (2973 square meters) of space consisting of conference space and meeting rooms. Self parking (subject to charges) is available onsite.Hotels.com
24 hour front desk
ATM on-site
Car rental
Babysitting/child services (surcharge)
Business center
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Express check out
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Pets not allowed
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Wheelchair accessible
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Indoor tennis
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MOVIEmeterSEE RANK
Down 21,768 this week
Free Ride (1986)
R | | Comedy | 17 January 1986 (USA)
A group of teenagers borrow a car, unaware that gangsters have stashed mob money in it. The gangsters are determined to get the money back.
Director:Tom Trbovich
Writers:Ron Zwang (screenplay) (as Ronald Z. Wang) , Lee Fulkerson (screenplay), 2 more credits »
Stars:Gary Hershberger, Reed Rudy, Dawn Schneider | See full cast and crew »


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Posted by hackitat on Saturday, December 29, 2012 · Leave a Comment
We are at 29c3 in Hamburg between 27-30 December. If you want to meet up with us don't hesitate to contact us! Easiest way is to ping us on Twitter.
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Minutes 03/08/06
University of Virginia School of
Principles of Medicine Committee
The single agenda item for this meeting was a presentation by David C. Slawson, MD, from the Department of Family Medicine on Evidence Based Medicine. Dr. Slawson is a national expert on Evidence-based medicine and gave a fascinating presentation. Among many ideas, he touched on the concept of:
|Usefulness of information =
|validity x relevance
|Work (time to access)
Dr. Slawson teaches the principles of evidence-based medicine to medical students and faculty at UVa. An article of his on evidence based medicine can be found at:
His presentation stimulated a vigorous discussion among the members of the Principles of Medicine Committee which included a discussion of the place for evidence-based medicine in the early years of the curriculum and the ways in which the first two years of the curriculum might prepare medical students to use evidence-based medicine in the 3rd year of the curriculum.
The discussion identified a number of things that the Principles of Medicine Committee may wish to discuss further:
PDA use early in the curriculum
Emphasis on the probabilistic nature of information
Should we try to use more short answer and/or essays in our assessment of the medical students, instead of our current emphasis on multiple choice questions.
Bill Hobbs suggested that we may want to think about some way that we can assign levels of validity or relevance to the material in the handouts used in 1st and 2nd year medical school courses.
Consider using some clinical correlations in basic science courses as a place to introduce or model evidence-based medicine approaches.
Howard Kutchai suggested an experiment or pilot in which we provide access for medical students (via laptop computers?) to all course content at the time they take their exams. This would be like an open book exam that would emphasize problem-solving and critical thinking instead of memorization and regurgitation of facts.
Next Meeting: Wednesday, April 12th, at 2:00 PM in Rooms 3-6/3-8 Jordan Hall.
Future Agenda Topics:
Schedules for 2006-2007 academic year
Report on the 3 recommendations made to the Curriculum Committee
4th year medical student teaching award
Increased coordination among basic science courses, to include a reduction in overlap or repetition of material.
Discussion of exams versus quizzes and their usefulness
(how many of each are optimum?)
Proposal from some 1st year medical students to have exams given in the morning.
Update on Social Medicine course for 2006-2007
Bob Bloodgood


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As with the previous set of experiments, naturally growing tissues would pull themselves apart in a matter of hours. But by altering the stiffness of the posts, or by increasing the amount of collagen, a key component of the extracellular matrix that holds the tissue together and determines how hard it can pull, the researchers found that they could make the tissues last longer.
"In the control set-up with the amount of collagen you would normally see in the heart, we see this bridge of tissue pull itself apart by day three," Shenoy said, "If you increase the collagen, or make the posts less stiff, you see that the tissues becomes more stable."
"The myosin in the cells are pulling on actin filaments attached to the inside of the cells' membranes, but if you anchor the cells, the contraction rate will decrease, eventually going to zero. That's isometric tension at work," he said.
With these factors quantified, Shenoy and his colleagues were able to build a more comprehensive model of mechanical failure when cells pull on one another. Their model was able to solve a long-standing conundrum found in previous models: all of the molecular components of a cell suggest that it should act like a "strain-hardening" material, something that gets tougher when pulled upon.
"These previous models were passive, they looked at all of the components of the cells but didn't take into account the dynamic role that myosin plays," Shenoy said. "Now that we have these three mechanical factors in our model, the cell-to-cell contacts, the role the extracellular matrix plays, and now the active myosin element, we can truly understand the sources of instability."
Their model enabled the researchers to generate a phase di
|Contact: Evan Lerner
University of Pennsylvania


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Following the shut down of the Google Glass Explorer program and the reorganization of the Google Glass team, some theorized Google Glass may be dead. However Eric Schmidt, executive chairman of Google, says the Google Glass technology is too fundamental for Google to end the project. Read More
Eric Schmidt: Google Glass isn't dead, being 'made ready for users'
Why Google Glass as we know it is dead
Nick Bilton of the New York Times is out with a fantastic piece detailing why Google Glass as we know it has been killed off by the Mountain View based company. Born out of the futuristic Google X lab, the headset was not only plagued by problems, but it was receiving attention from the mass-market that Google just wasn't ready for. Read More
Apple SVP Phil Schiller tears Google Glass to shreds in email exchange
Phil Schiller, Apple Senior Vice President of Marketing, didn't have kind words to share when emailed about Google Glass, the search giant's experimental wearable that's about to be mass produced for consumers in 2015. Read More
Tony Fadell on Nest deal, relationship with Apple, Google data sharing, home automation and more
The iPod Godfather and Nest Labs co-founder and CEO, Tony Fadell, sat down with Bloomberg at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland to talk specifics of the recently announced $3.2 billion Google deal, why he sold to the search monster, Nest's relationship with Apple, the future of controlling household products and a few other topics of interests, here are your soundbites… Read More
Nest founder Tony Faddell spotted with Jony Ive's (RED) Mac Pro
Remember last month when we told you that Jony Ive's one-of-a-kind Mac Pro sold for nearly $1 million at his Product (RED) auction? And do you remember thinking who in the world would pay that much money for a computer? Well it looks like the answer is Tony Faddell.
Photographer Kevin Abosch posted a handful of tweets this afternoon with photos of the 'father of the iPod' and Nest founder posing next to the (RED) Mac Pro, as well as the solid gold EarPods from the same auction. The two items combined sold for close to $1.5 million… Read More
iPod Godfather says Apple built Google Glass style eyewear prototypes
Tony Fadell, the brains behind the popular Nest thermostat, used to work at Apple where he'd helped engineer the iPod music player, earning him a nickname of the iPod Godfather. He also led the development of the first eighteen iterations of the original iPhone. In a recent interview, the famous engineer revealed that Apple in the past had experimented with the idea of a virtual reality headset and has actually built a few prototypes of a Google Glass-style device.
"The craziest thing we talked about was something like Google glass," says former Senior VP of iPod division… Read More
iPod Godfather explains Apple's secret design sauce
Tony Fadell needs no introduction. The brains behind the Nest thermostat, this former Apple engineer also helped engineer the iPod music player and led the development of the first eighteen iterations of the iPhone. He recently talked Apple, Steve Jobs and secrecy inside the walls of Apple's Cupertino HQ.
He also commented on Forstall's departure in an interview with BBC and told Bloomberg that he is "not that dumb" to compete directly with his former employer. And now, Fadell at the Bloomberg Design conference this week once more tried to explain Apple's secret sauce which results in the sexy gadgets people lust after. He also explained the difference between designing products at Apple and Phillips, here are some highlights… Read More
LeWeb: former employees Tony Fadell and Pascal Cagni talk Apple
LeWeb conference is underway in Paris and former Apple engineers Tony Fadell and Pascal Cagni shared interesting tidbits concerning their former employer. The iPod Godfather Tony Fadell last week painted Apple's ousted iOS boss Scott Forstall in unfavorable light, telling BBC that Forstall "got what he deserved".
Nedless to say, Fadell, the 43-year-old computer science engineer of Lebanese origin, spent quite a portion of air time at LeWeb promoting his Nest gadget. The whiz engineer also talked about his pre-Apple career and briefly touched on the subjects of Apple, his business relationship with Steve Jobs, what he learned from Apple's late co-founder and more.
Fadell has big plans for his Nest thermostat, including making the device available across five hundred retail stores. One more video featuring Pascal Cagni is right after the break… Read More
Tony Fadell: Scott Forstall 'got what he deserved'
Ever since Apple announced Scott Forstall is going to be leaving the company next year, people have been trying to piece together what happened. How could this guy, who has been a major factor in Apple's success, be pushed out like that?
We've heard a number of reasons for Forstall's ousting over the past few weeks, ranging from the iOS 6 Maps debacle, to personality conflicts. And today, former Apple executive Tony Fadell offers up a little more insight on the situation… Read More
Nest launches sleeker thermostat, CEO says he'd never compete with Apple
We covered the sexy Nest Learning Thermostat before , with Jeff saying calling it "the thermostat that Cupertino would have created if they were into that sort of thing". Today, the company took the wraps off a new version of the Nest thermostat which has been re-engineered for smaller footprint and now looks even more futuristic. Also, company founder Tony Fadell, a former Apple engineer who worked on the iPhone and iPod projects, explains why he doesn't plan on competing with Apple, despite hiring former Apple engineers on his 130-people team… Read More


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Suspect cited for Salinas fireworks incidents
George Mendoza, 18, was cited as a suspect in the firing of fireworks on the 200 block of West Market Street, according to the Salinas Police Department.
Over the past several days there have been 36 calls of fireworks in the area. At 8:38 p.m. Monday, an officer responded to another call by parking away from the scene and walking into the area.
The officer saw a few fireworks and began to zero int on the location when he saw a man light off a bottle rocket and disappear. He saw a man light off a mortar firework, confronted him and arrested Mendoza without incident.
Mendoza had a mortar firework in his pocket and admitted he and his friends were the ones setting off the fireworks for the past few days.
He was the only one officers were able to contact and he was cited for various fireworks charges.
Aromas man pleads guilty to child molestation
Ramiro Soto, 25, of Aromas, has pleaded guilty to three felony counts of lewd acts on a child and three additional counts of lewd acts on a child accomplished by force, the Monterey County District Attorney's Office said.
Soto will be sentenced to 30 years in state prison, prosecutors said.
Between July 1 and July 11, 2013, Soto repeatedly sexually abused a 9-year-old child living in his home when the child's mother was momentarily out of the home, prosecutors said. The child reported the abuse to an older sister, who contacted the Monterey County Sheriff's Office. Deputies shortly thereafter contacted and arrested Soto.
Sentencing of Ramiro Soto is scheduled for May 1 before Judge Carrie M. Panetta. The charges of lewd acts on a child, and forcible lewd acts on a child are all strikes under California's Three Strikes Law, prosecutors said.
Man pleads no contest to attempted rape
Jose Mauricio Dominguez, 31, of Seaside, has pleaded no contest to the felony offenses of attempted rape, first degree burglary, second degree burglary and attempted second degree burglary and will be sentenced to eight years in state prison, the Monterey County District Attorney's Office said.
According to prosecutors:
On Jan. 12, Dominguez attempted to break into the Cypress Massage Parlor on Casanova Street in Monterey. Unsuccessful there, he crossed the street and broke into the Sundance Spa, where he attempted to rape a woman while she was resting in her room. The woman used a ruse to delay Dominguez from completing the rape, and managed to escape through a side door. She ran away from the crime scene naked, and Good Samaritans called police for her. Dominguez fled to the nearby Peninsula Pool Services where he broke in, used the location as a hideout, and stole items from the business, prosecutors said.
On May 7, Monterey County Superior Court Judge Pamela L. Butler is scheduled to sentence Dominguez to eight years in state prison. The charges of first degree burglary and attempted rape are both strikes under California's Three Strikes Law, prosecutors said.


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Lots of easy finger food ideas for cold finger food, savoury finger food and kids and adult party food. Something to please everyone!
These bruschetta are a little different and very rich and creamy. Swiss cheese and garlic are a great combination. Perfect party finger food.
These adorable little snacks will be a hit at your next party! Watch this recipe being made in the Allrecipes Penguin Party Snacks Video.
These mini quiches are so quick and easy you could get your little one to help you. They are great for entertaining, for kids' parties and as a snack and also great for school lunch boxes and can be whipped up in no time! If you don't have puff pastry I have made these without and they still come out really good.
My mum has been making these sausage rolls for years and always gets compliments. I have added onion, carrot, bread crumbs and bbq sauce but they are even easier and great without!
Chicken mince is seasoned with spring onion, coriander, chilli sauce and lemon juice for a Thai-style snack. These make perfect party nibbles.


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Neoseeker : Videos : Walkthroughs : Mission #62 - Keep your Friends Close...
Mission #62 - Keep your Friends Close...
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Trailer Info
|From: GTASeriesVideos
|Mar 1, 2010
|Category: Walkthroughs


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"Santo Amaro" Santo Amaro by mircaskirca
Santo Amaro Travel Guide: 10 reviews and 76 photos
Santo Amaro is located on the eastern coast of Maranhao, approximately 243 km from Sao Luis, at the boundaries of the National Park of Lencois Maranhenses. It is characterized by beautiful landscapes of beaches, dunes, fields, rivers, lakes and ponds, in the middle of savanna and mangrove forest. The municipality of Santo Amaro do Maranhao is the latest destination of ecotourism of Brazil and the attractions are many.
With a unique natural beauty, it's the ideal place for nature lovers and perfect for those who like adventure. The difficulty to get there only increases the expectation of visitors but it can also discourage many. From Sao Luis there is a four hours bus drive until the village of Sangue and then the adventure starts. Since the road is not paved, access is only through four wheel drive cars. The road is flooded during the rainy season, from March to June.
The area around Santo Amaro do Maranhao and Lagoa da Gaivota can be seen in the haunting Brazilian film Casa de Areia (House of Sand), a 2005 production directed by Andrucha Waddington. The isolation of Lencois Maranhenses at the beginning of the 20th century, when the film plot starts, is not such a distant reality for the region's community.
Reviews (8)
Santo Amaro could be easily called a village of mango trees as almost each house had at least one. And what a good luck... more travel advice
Next to Barreirinhas, Santo Amaro is another access to the Parque National de Lencois Maranhenses which is becoming... more travel advice
While Sandra was relaxing on the river's bank I decided to go on a hike by Rio Alegre. The landscape seemed more... more travel advice
I'm always interested to learn how the local people live. Meeting and trying to communicate with them is one of the... more travel advice
Comments (3)
Aaaah! a village of mango trees- my favourite fruit. The village sounds like a little bit of heaven- peaceful and pretty, and friendly locals. Good general tips and great pics.
Fascinating tips on the mango trees and the simple life of the local people, and on your transportation adventures. I enjoyed looking at your travelogues, too.
Beautiful photos of the children of Santo Amaro!! I too always love to visit OTBP places like this, makes the whole thing more of an adventure! Wow, that late lunch looks very appetizing.
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|W Face Original Route
|350m. The easiest route on the wall, taking a line of carcks and chimneys. The climbing is interestingthough often strenuous but certain sections can remain quite wet for a long time and the route is rarely ascended.
M Lenoir and P Leroux 14/Jul/1947
Submit a new photo of this climb.


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Community Caregivers celebrated the spirit of Valentine's Day by holding a special dinner for the residents of the Omni Senior Living Community on Carman Road in Guilderland. The 14th Annual Itali
To continue reading this article, you must have a paid online subscription.
Log in, or go to our Subscription page for more information »
The 13th Annual Community Caregivers Italian Night dinner was held on Saturday, Feb.
Follow @theAEnews
Copyright © 2013 The Altamont Enterprise.
Albany County, New York


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Gates Used Cars was founded by Dan Gates who began a legacy of 'honest' car sales from the early 1960's. In 1985 his son, Kenny Gates, took over the family business and Gates Used Cars became Incorporated. Gates Used Cars, Inc. has doubled in size and has continued to satisfy it's customers by offering good, clean cars at low prices. We have a number of financing options for our customers. Whether you have good credit or are trying to rebuild your credit, chances are we can help get you in your new ride. You can buy a used car with confidence knowing that we will offer you a copy of the vehicle history report along with having warranties available. Even though Gates Used Cars, Inc. has grown, it is still family owned and operated. Kenny's wife Rene', and daughter in law Dawn handles the title work and all administration while their son, Clint, handles most of the sales and warranties.
We have the "Best deals on Broadway".


text:
John Lewis JLCH400 Chest Freezer, A+ Energy Rating, 134cm Wide, White
Special offer
Product information
Rated an exemplary A+ for energy, the John Lewis JLCH300 chest freezer is ideal for keeping running costs low.
Boasting a 400L capacity, this compact chest freezer is ideal for smaller households, or just for extra storage space.
Convenience You could use this freezer inside your home, in the kitchen or utility room. And or extra convenience, this chest freezer is suitable for use in a dry garage when space is lacking.
A top lid makes accessing your food easy, while 2 spacious baskets inside keep your food neat and organised.
Peace of mind
The John Lewis name is always an assurance of reliable quality, great design and absolute value. Incorporating the latest engineering features and electronic systems, our appliances are thoughtfully and stylishly conceived to meet all the demands of the contemporary kitchen. There's also a 3-year guarantee, backed by our very special reputation for excellent service.
- 24 Hour Freezing Capacity Information How much food can be frozen over 24 hours
- 19kg
- 2 day delivery available
- Express Delivery available
- Average annual energy cost Information How much the appliance costs to run a year (with John Lewis assuming 1kwh = 10p inc VAT). Please contact your electricity supplier for the price you would actually pay for a unit of electricity
- £32.10
- Brand
John Lewis
- Defrost Type Information Prevents build-up of frost, saving you a chore
- Manual
- Dimensions
- H87.6cm x W133.6cm x D66.5cm
- Eligible for International Delivery
- Estimated Annual Energy Consumption Information Typical annual amount used by a 4 person household
- 321kWh
- Fast freeze Information Freezes food more quickly, thus retaining more flavour
- Yes - with auto return
- Gross volume
- Maximum Ambient Operating Temperature
- Minimum Ambient Operating Temperature
- Model name / number
- Net storage (freezer) Information Usable freezer volume
- Noise Level Information How noisy, in decibels, the machine is. The lower the dB, the quieter the appliance
- 45dB
- Number of shelves
- 3 shelves
- Power Cut Safe Time Information How long the appliance can keep your food chilled/frozen in case of a power cut.
- 31 hours
- Reversible door Information Can be reversed by yourself after delivery, or -selected appliances only - by John Lewis (charge applies)
- Star rating of freezer compartment
- 4
- Temperature display
- Temperature warning light Information Warns you if the internal temperature is too high
- Type
- Chest
- Type
- Freestanding
UK mainland delivery within 7 working days; may be longer for N Ireland, island and rural postcodes
Express 2 working day delivery to selected areas
- £19.95
International delivery not available
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John Hine is a veteran Tai Chi teacher who has been training people for over 45 years in Tai Chi, martial arts and runs one of the top established and successful Tai Chi schools in the UK.
Tai Chi can help to alleviate the symptoms of many diseases such as shingles, arthritis, high blood pressure, diabetes and even in weight loss.
Practicing Tai Chi regularly will help in:
• Reduce anxiety and depression.
• Improve balance and coordination.
• Improve the sleep quality, such as staying asleep longer at night and feeling more alert during the day.
• Reduces the bone loss in women after menopause.
• Lowers the blood pressure and much more…
This is not all; it also helps in toning the body with correct posture by allowing the muscles to build up without strain in order to support the soft cartilage and tissues within the joints. People with arthritis or the ones recovering from an injury can find Tai Chi beneficial as it is a low impact exercise program.
Tai Chi program is a home-based, web-learning tool designed to help people learn online sitting at the comfort of their home. To experience a healthy and a stress-free life visit the website http://www.TaiChiWorldOnline.com NOW.


text: WIBX [ Western Man Accused Of Firing Rifle During Dispute By Jim Rondenelli October 17, 2014 A Town of Western man has been arrested for allegedly firing a rifle during a dispute. Read More|Comment Category: Utica-Rome News Tags: arersted, brandon trautner, oneida county sheriff's office Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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Brownstone at Overland Park in Overland Park, KS
One bdrm apartment and 2 bedroom apartment rentals in Overland Park, Kansas. Shawnee Mission Parkway and I-35. Rent an apartment at Brownstone in Johnson County, KS today. Shawnee Mission Schools. Playground. Affordable.
Brownstone at Overland Park6126 Marty Lane, #1, Overland Park, KS 66202 USA
Floor Plans and Pricing
1 Bedroom
|1 Bedroom
|1 Bathroom
|725 sq. ft.
2 Bedrooms
|2 Bedroom
|1 Bathroom
|825 sq. ft.
|2 Bedroom with W&D Hookup
|1 Bathroom
|825 sq. ft.
- |
- |
- |
- Application Fee:
- |
- Deposit:
Property Features
- Property Overview
- Special Features
- Community Features
- Apartment Amenities
- Local Schools
- Pet Policy
Brownstone at Overland Park in Overland Park, KS
Enjoy Overland Park, Kansas apartment home living! Brownstone at Overland Park, professionally managed, offers spacious 1 and 2 bedroom apartment homes and remodeled options, too! Located in the Shawnee Mission School District! Brownstone at Overland Park has excellent access to I-35 and 69 highways and a mile from grocery shopping.Playground, swimming pool and caring management all for residents. A pet friendly community so call for details. Make Brownstone at Overland Park your next home by calling today!
Special Features
- Renovated 1 and 2 Bedroom Apartment Homes
- Near Shopping and Entertainment
- Two-Tone Painting Throughout
- Pet Friendly Community
- Excellent Highway Access to 69 and I-35
- Shawnee Mission School District
- Brand New, Contemporary Kitchens!
- Fun Playground
- Sparkling Swimming Pool
- 24-hour Maintenance
- Hardwood Floors
- Professional, On-Site Management
Community Features
- Apartment
- Bilingual
- Freeway Access
- Garden Style
- Laundry Facility
- Market Rate
- On Street Parking
- Playground
- Pool
- Public Transportation
- Street
- Surface Lot
Additional Information
Apartments in Community: 156
Apartment Amenities
- Air Conditioning
- Carpet
- Ceiling Fan
- Dishwasher
- Garbage Disposal
- Hardwood Floor
- Walk In Closets
- Window Covering
Local Schools
- Crestview Elementary School
- Hocker Grove Middle School
- Shawnee Mission North High School
We believe school data to be accurate, but do not guarantee that. Please be sure to verify where your children will attend school before making your housing decision.
Pet Policy
WE LOVE OUR PETS!!! 1 Pet $300, 2 Pets $450, $20 Pet Rent. $15 per month per Pet Rent
- Cats Allowed
- Pets Allowed
- Small Dogs Allowed
Web Reviews
User Review
User Review
friendly management very easy to get along with. Location is great right by i35 and lots of things around the area. The apartments are small but they are nice and very cheap.
Contact Brownstone at Overland Park
Brownstone at Overland Park
Office HoursMon-Fri: 8:00am-5:00pm Saturday: 10am-4pm
Located just one block west of Metcalf and one block south of Shawnee Mission Parkway (on Marty Lane). Conveniently located 2 miles east of I-35.
As you search for your perfect apartment, please keep in mind that rental rates (including specials and discounts) and availability are very fluid in the apartment industry. Based on many factors, the rental rates (including specials and discounts) and availability can actually change not just daily, but hourly, if not even more quickly. While our advertisers do take steps to keep their information current, the rental rates or availability you may find here now at ForRent.com may not be the same as when you contact the communities.


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The Spotnicks
The Spotnicks are an instrumental rock group from Sweden, who were formed in 1961. They were famous for wearing "space suit" costumes on stage, and for their innovative electronic guitar sound. They have since released 42 albums, selling more than 18 million records, and still tour. History The Spotnicks originated from "Rock-Teddy and The Blue Caps", a group formed in 1957 in Gothenburg by guitarist Bo Winberg (born 27 March 1939), with Bo Starander (born 11 March 1942) (rhythm guitar), and Björn Thelin (born 27 June 1942) (bass guitar).
No stations playing The Spotnicks now
No albums found


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Nice alternative spot to stay for a night or two while exploring the Chicago area. Accommodations are quite nice and the hostess and her dogs are a nice addition. Very much off the beaten path - ok to park over night on the street, but ended up using the public transit which has a stop two blocks away. Very affordable.
If you own or manage Sister's Place, register now for free tools to enhance your listing, attract new reviews, and respond to reviewers.


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Our great range of second-hand music boasts classics and collectables from rock, pop, classical, dance, jazz genres and more. On vinyl and CD, have a browse and see what you can uncover.
Results 1-7 of 7
Les Patineurs - Ballet - Robert Irving/London Symphony - LXT 2746
Santa Claus Is Coming To Town - Glasgow Youth Choir - GYC 001
Symphonie 8 Inachevée / Symphonie N°8 - Schubert/Beethoven - 200.006 WGL
HUDDERSFIELD CHORAL SOCIETY Great Hymns LP HUDDERSFIELD CHORAL SOCIETY - ECS-R 2106
Christmas Carols from Winchester Cathedral The Choir of Winchester Cathedral - SHN 778
A Christmas Treasure - Julie Andrews and Andre Previn - RB6689
Prokofiev: Alexander Nevsky - Reiner, Fritz RB-6530 [mono]
Page 1 of 1 | Showing 1-7 of 7
- This promotion code entitles you to 15% off vinyl items up to £100.
- This promotion code will be valid from 1st October 2015 until 31st October 2015.
- This promotion code is only valid for orders placed online.
- Oxfam offers a standard UK delivery charge of £3.95 on all orders containing donated products sent by Royal Mail, with the exception of wedding dresses and other high-value or bulky items, which incur a mandatory courier charge.
- Oxfam reserves the right to end this promotion at any time.
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© 2015. Oxfam is a registered charity in England and Wales (no 202918) and Scotland (SC039042).
Oxfam GB is a member of Oxfam International.


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biggest loser baked ziti
Yield: 8 Servings
Submitted by danlin79
Updated: December 30, 2008
IngredientsOlive oil spray
1 (14 1/2-ounce) box fiber-enriched ziti or penne rigate (I used Ronzoni Smart Taste)
1 (15-ounce) container fat-free ricotta cheese
2 large egg whites
8 ounces (4 cups) finely shredded reduced-fat mozzarella cheese
1/4 teaspoon garlic powder
Salt, to taste
Ground black pepper, to taste
Crushed red pepper flakes, to taste
3 1/2 cups low-fat, low-sodium, marinara sauce
2 tablespoons grated reduced-fat Parmesan cheese
PreparationPreheat the oven to 450 degrees F. Lightly mist a 13" x 9" x 2" ceramic or glass baking dish with the olive oil spray.
Cook the ziti according to package directions until al dente. Drain.
In a large mixing bowl, mix the ricotta, egg whites, and all but 1 cup of the mozzarella until well combined. Add the garlic powder and season with salt, pepper, and red pepper flakes. Stir in the cooked pasta until well combined.
Spread 1 cup of the marinara sauce on the bottom of the prepared dish.
Add half of the pasta in an even layer over the sauce.
Layer the remaining pasta over the sauce. Spoon the remaining 1 1/2 cups sauce evenly over the top of the pasta, then sprinkle the remaining mozzarella and the Parmesan over the top.
Cover the dish with aluminum foil and bake for 20 minutes. Remove the foil and bake 10 minutes longer, or until the mozzarella is melted. Let stand 5 minutes. Cut into 8 pieces or spoon among 8 bowls and serve.


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MEDFORD, Mass. and HEIDELBERG, Germany, March 10 /PRNewswire/ -- febit holding gmbh today announced the appointment of Michelle Lyles, Ph.D., to the newly created position of vice president, marketing and sales. She will be based in febit inc.'s U.S. headquarters, which is located near Boston in Medford, Mass.
Lyles will manage the US marketing and sales initiatives for febit's genomics technology products and services. These initiatives will include the company's launch of the Geniom(R) RT Analyzer, a fully automated instrument for the hybridization, washing, staining and scanning of microarrays, in the second quarter of this year.
"This is an exciting phase for febit, with the upcoming launch of the Geniom RT Analyzer," said Cord. F. Staehler, president and CEO of febit. "The addition of Michelle to the growing febit team is an important step -- in expanding our presence in the USA, the world's most important market for innovative genomics research products and services."
Lyles has extensive sales and marketing experience in the life sciences industry. Prior to joining febit, she was director of sales with Sigma-Aldrich Corp.'s research biotechnology business unit, where she successfully grew key businesses, built the sales team and created sales processes. Before this, Lyles was vice president of sales and marketing with Genospectra Inc. Earlier in her career, she was a technology manager for high-throughput screening (HTS) systems with PerkinElmer Inc., and product manager for the BioChip Array and sales development manager for HTS assay platforms with Packard Biosciences Co.
"I am thrilled to help bring febit's technology offering to full fruition by putting it in the hands of the life sciences research community," said Lyles. "febit's pioneering technology and team of highly experienced scientists position the company as a leader in genomics."
Lyles earned her Ph.D. in biochemistry at Baylor College of Medicine
and com
|SOURCE febit
Copyright©2008 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


text:
South Girard School
Public School | Grades 8-9 | Phenix City
Phenix City, AL 36869
(334) 298-2527
write a review
South Girard School Reviews
A Very Good Place to Learn
By a Current Student on
South Girard is the best school ever. It is an amazing school with great math and English programs.
Report this review
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National Nurses United
Campaign Finance
Figures are based on itemized contributions reported to the Federal Election Commission and state agencies. Please note that:
- contributions under $200 are not reported, and so are not included in totals.
- only contributions from individuals and organizations to candidates are included. Various accounting measures and more exotic contribution types are excluded.
- contributions are matched based on organization and recipient name reported within each election cycle. Contributions using an incorrect or non-standard version of the name may be missed.
- corporate name changes and mergers may cause figures to differ from those of the Center for Responsive Politics.
- organization totals include known subsidiaries of the organization.
For more information, please see our campaign finance methodology page. Lobbyist bundling data is described on our lobbyist bundling methodology page.
Latest FEC Datacovers through committee's December 31, 2012 filing. independent expenditures updated daily.
Summaryoverview of the committee's finances
- Total Raised:
- $666,544
- Total Spent:
- $674,298
- Cash on Hand:
- $7,146
- Debts:
- $0
Independent Expendituresmoney spent supporting or opposing a candidate
Candidate Support/Oppose Total Spent Ami BeraSupport $54,500 David GillSupport $54,500 Steven Alexzander HorsfordSupport $51,500 Mark A. TakanoSupport $36,952 Julia BrownleySupport $29,500 Barack ObamaSupport $10,152 Scott PetersSupport $4,667
Top Contributorstop donors giving over $100,000
Standardized Donation Informationfederal data covers roughly through Q2 2014
state-level data is not available in bulk for 2014. for current state data, browse http://followthemoney.org/
Top Recipients
- PAC Color Block
- Organization's PAC(s)
- Employee Color Block
- Associated Individuals
Republicans vs. Democratsin dollars. "Other" includes 3rd parties and organizations without official party affiliation.
State vs. Federalin dollars
Top PAC Recipients
- PAC Color Block
- Organization's PAC(s)
- Employee Color Block
- Associated Individuals
Lobbying$135,000 Spent
Figures are based on lobbying activity reported to the Senate Office of Public Records. Reported dollar amounts are required to be accurate only to the nearest $20,000. For organizations whose primary business is lobbying, we display total income and top clients. For organizations that are not primarily lobbying firms, we display total amount spent on lobbying and top lobbying firms hired.
For more information, please see our lobbying methodology page.
Lobbying on Behalf of National Nurses United
Names of Lobbyists
Firm Hired Amount National Nurses United $135,000
Most Frequently Disclosed Lobbying Issues
- Health Issues,
- Medicare & Medicaid,
- Taxes,
- Veterans Affairs
Most Frequently Disclosed Bills
Bill No. Title H.R.807 To amend title 38, United States Code, to repeal the prohibition on collective bargaining with respect to matters and questions regarding compensation of employees of the Department of Veterans Affairs other than rates of basic pay, and for other purposes H.R.2187 Nurse Staffing Standards for Patient Safety and Quality Care Act of 2011 H.R.2373 Home Oxygen Patient Protection Act of 2009 H.R.2381 Nurse and Health Care Worker Protection Act of 2009 S.72 Small Business Paperwork Mandate Elimination Act of 2011
RegulationsMentioned in 19 dockets; Submitted to 1 docket
All data is based on documents downloaded from Regulations.gov. The first table shows mentions: all documents that include the name of the company anywhere in the document or document metadata. The second table shows submissions: all documents where the submitter metadata included the company name. Each table shows the top 10 dockets, ranked by number of occurrences.
Matches are based on a search for the company name. Variations in the company name, such as acronyms, nicknames or alternate names may cause documents to be missed. The mention of a company name in a document may be incidental and does not necessarily indicate that the company has any relevance to the document. Company names that are common English words may erroneously match with text that is not referring to the company.
Not all agencies submit public comments to Regulations.gov. For a list of participating and non-participating agencies see here. Agencies that do submit to Regulations.gov have varying levels of accuracy and completeness.
Regulations and public comments can be downloaded in bulk here.
The tables show occurrences of "National Nurses United" in public comments on proposed federal regulations.
Documents Submitted by the Organization
View all submissions data for National Nurses United
- Submissions
- Agency
- Docket
- Date
Mentions in Document Text
- Mentions
- Agency
- Docket
- Date
View all mentions data for National Nurses United
- Toggle 3 CMS Reform of Hospital and Critical Access Hospitals Conditions of Participation 2011
- Toggle 2 OCC Margin and Capital Requirements for Covered Swap Entities 2011
- Toggle 2 OCC Volcker Rule - Prohibition on Proprietary Trading and Certain Relationships with Hedge Funds and Private Equity Funds 2011
- Toggle 1 CFPB Defining Larger Participants in Certain Consumer Financial Product and Service Markets 2012
- Toggle 1 CFPB HIGH-COST MORTGAGE AND HOMEOWNERSHIP COUNSELING AMENDMENTS TO THE TRUTH IN LENDING ACT (REGULATION Z) AND HOMEOWNERSHIP COUNSELING AMENDMENTS TO THE REAL ESTATE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES ACT (REGULATION X) 2012
- Toggle 1 OCC Regulatory Capital Rules (Part III): Advanced Approaches Risk-based Capital Rules; Market Risk Capital Rule 2012
- Toggle 1 CFPB Regulation Z; Truth in Lending 2011
- Toggle 1 CFPB Policy To Encourage Trial Disclosure Programs; Information Collection 2012
- Toggle 1 ED Federal Student Aid Negotiated Rulemaking Committee 2012
- Toggle 1 NLRB Proposed rule amending representation-case procedures 2011


text:
The Power of Independent Thinking
Ivan Eland on Ramifications of WW1
Recorded: Sunday, July 13, 2014
What are the lessons of World War I? How did it shape the world today? And what does it teach us about global conflict 100 years on? Sr. Fellow Ivan Eland joins a panel discussion on RT television on the ramifications of World War I.
Type: TelevisionIssues: Defense and Foreign Policy, Economic History and Development (International), Government Power, History (International), History (U.S)
Jose Yulo: Western Civilization & Thought
Recorded: Monday, July 7, 2014
Jose Yulo discusses the history of western civilization and ways of thinking about morality and economics.
For information on The Challenge of Liberty Summer Seminar, click here.
Experts: José Maria J. YuloType: Challenge of Liberty SeminarsIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Culture/ Society, Democracy, Economic History and Development (International), Economic Policy, Economists, Fiscal Policy/Debt, Freedom, Political Ideology and Philosophy
Ivan Eland Discusses Economic Sanctions on Russia
Recorded: Monday, June 30, 2014
Sr. Fellow Ivan Eland appears on CCTV to discuss the latest round of economic sanctions on Russia, plus the recent events in Ukraine where a passenger jet was shot down in July.
Experts: Ivan ElandType: TelevisionIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Culture/ Society, Defense and Foreign Policy, Diplomacy and Foreign Aid, Economic Policy, Government Power, Political Ideology and Philosophy
Halbrook on Operation Freedom Radio with Dr. Dave Janda
Recorded: Sunday, June 29, 2014
Research Fellow Stephen P. Halbrook, author of author of Gun Control in the Third Reich appeared on the Operation Freedom radio show with Dr. Dave Janda. Halbrook speaks about his latest book and how the Second Amendment prevents events that occurred in Germany before World War II, where gun control and registration laws enabled the Nazi party to consolidate power and disarm Jews and other so-called enemies of the state.
Experts: Stephen P. HalbrookType: RadioIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Culture/ Society, Freedom, Gun Control, History (International), Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics
Ivan Eland on ISIS in Iraq
Recorded: Saturday, June 28, 2014
Sr. Fellow Ivan Eland, author of Partitioning for Peace appeared on Canada's CTV to talk about recent events in Iraq, where Iraqi forces have gone on the offensive against ISIS militants. Eland gives his perspective on Iraq's history and how his idea of partitioning of Iraq is still an outcome that would bring relative peace in Iraq.
Experts: Ivan ElandType: TelevisionIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Defense and Foreign Policy, History (International), Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Terrorism and National Crises
Eland on CrossTalk: Ukrainian Truce?
Recorded: Friday, June 20, 2014
Sr. Fellow Ivan Eland appeared on RT televisions CrossTalk program, discussing the recent developments in Ukraine. With a new president, will Ukraine now fall under the influence of the west?
Experts: Ivan ElandType: TelevisionIssues: Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Defense and Foreign Policy, Government Power, History (International), Politics, Terrorism and National Crises
Chris Coyne: Exporting Democracy
Recorded: Thursday, June 19, 2014
Chris Coyne addresses the issues related to spreading democracy around the world.
For information on The Challenge of Liberty Summer Seminar,
click here.
Type: Challenge of Liberty SeminarsIssues: Bureaucracy and Government, Civil Liberties/ Human Rights, Defense and Foreign Policy, Diplomacy and Foreign Aid, Economic History and Development (International), Free Market Economics, Freedom, Government Waste/Pork, Political Ideology and Philosophy, Politics, Privatization, Terrorism and National Crises
Dr. Lawrence J. McQuillan: Californias Public Pension Crisis
Recorded: Tuesday, June 17, 2014
On June 17, 2014, Sr. Fellow Lawrence McQuillan spoke at an event for supporters of the Independent Institute. Dr. McQuillan spoke about Californias state pension system, a topic he writes about frequently, including in his forthcoming book California Dreamin: Resolving the Public Pension Crisis.
First he defines the types of pension programs for state employees, he outlined how funding for the programs is not sustainable for the promises made to pension recipients. The state admits to an unfunded liability of $140 billion, but McQuillan says that is actually an underestimate. According to most economists, the true amount of the unfunded liability is $430 billion.
How did this happen? McQuillan explains and offers six solutions to keep the pension systems solvent.
Experts: Lawrence J. McQuillanType: Independent Institute TVIssues: Culture/ Society, Economic History and Development (U.S.), Economic Policy, Fiscal Policy/Debt, Labor and Employment, Political Ideology and Philosophy


text:
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text:
Dear Friends,
StillWater Fibers closed on April 25th.
I have met so many people who have enlightened my life and made me laugh. It has been a wonderful journey. You have been patient, kind and encouraging. When I began I thought it would be OK if it only lasted 3 years, but we are 8+ years later. It is a joy to be here.
A special "Thank You" to my wonderful volunteers without whom I could not have stayed open.
To all of my customers and those who sought a place of refuge, sadly it is time to close.


text:
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In this lesson, learners will discover how certain snakes (pit-vipers) can find prey using a natural infrared sensor and will extend their understandings by exploring infrared technology applications. The lesson features background information for... (View More) the teacher, pre-requisite skills and knowledge for the student, a mini-exploration of infrared image technology, multiple image sets, assessment information, student worksheets, extension and transfer activities, and additional resources. This is lesson 2 on the Infrared Zoo website. (View Less)
Materials Cost: $1 - $5 per group of students
This is an activity about communication. Starting first with the message attached to the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft, learners explore what might be put into a message to a presumed intelligent being who does not understand our language, symbols,... (View More) culture, or how we exist. From this analysis, they decode a simulated message from space. This is Actividad 9.2 as part of El Universo a Sus Pies, a Spanish-language curriculum, available for purchase. (View Less)