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Barbara, Lady Judge
|Barbara Thomas Judge
|Barbara Suzanne Singer
28 December 1946
New York City, New York, United States
|London, England, United Kingdom
|American and British
|Alma mater
|University of Pennsylvania
|Lawyer and businesswoman
Barbara Thomas, Lady Judge, CBE (née Barbara Suzanne Singer; born 28 December 1946[1] in New York City), known before as Barbara Singer Thomas, is an American-British lawyer and businesswoman who lives in London and has dual citizenship.[2] Lady Judge is Chairman Emeritus of the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA), Chairman of the Pension Protection Fund, and UK Business Ambassador on behalf of UK Trade & Investment.[3][4][5] In February 2015 she was named as the first female chair of the Institute of Directors.[6] She is married to Sir Paul Judge and has a son from her marriage to Allen L. Thomas, an American lawyer.
Education and early career[edit]
Barbara Suzanne Singer was born on 28 December 1946 in Manhattan, New York City.[1]
Singer's father owned a small business. Her mother Marcia Singer was associate dean of students at New York Institute of Technology until 2011 when she was 87 years old.[2][7][8] Born in Manhattan, Singer grew up in Saddle Rock, New York.[7]
In 1966 she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in History from the University of Pennsylvania,[9] where she met her first husband Theodore J. Kozloff.[10] In her graduate studies at New York University School of Law, she specialised in tax law,[11] finishing with a Juris Doctor in 1969.[12][9][13] She won numerous awards for her grades and was an editor of the New York University Law Review.[9][13]
At her first employer, Barbara Singer worked as a corporate lawyer. In 1973, she joined Kaye, Scholer, Fierman, Hays, and Handler, where she specialised in corporate law and financial transactions and became a partner in 1978.[11] At that time she married Allen L. Thomas, a partner at her first firm.[7]
SEC and banking[edit]
In 1980, Barbara Thomas was appointed a member of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in Washington, D.C. for a five-year term.[14] As she was the youngest ever SEC commissioner, this was widely reported and a key stage in her career.[11][15] In November 1983, after the birth of her son, she resigned from the SEC and was appointed the first ever female executive director of a British merchant bank Samuel Montagu & Co.,[16] and moved to Hong Kong with her husband.[9][17][18] In 1987 she became senior vice president of Bankers Trust International Banking in New York.[12] This was the first time that a woman had been appointed as a director of a London-based merchant bank.[19]
Around that time, Barbara Thomas was also involved with Lincoln Savings and Loan Association and American Continental Corporation, two companies whose collapse in 1989 would cause a major financial scandal.[15][20][21] Both companies were run by Charles Keating, for whom she gave a character reference to the SEC in 1988.[15][18] Later she was one of many named in a resulting class action suit and settled out of court.[18][22]
News International and private equity[edit]
In 1993, Barbara Thomas became an executive director of Rupert Murdoch's News International, and in 1994 she moved from New York to London with her husband and her son, whom she wanted to raise in England.[12][17][22] Later she worked in the private equity business in the UK (acquisition of Scotia Haven Food Group and Whitworths Food Group) and founded Private Equity Investor plc.[12]
Thomas was also the first woman on the Board of Overseers of the Wharton School of Management at the University of Pennsylvania and a founding director of the Lauder Institute of Management at Wharton.[12] She is a member of the Board of Trustees of New York Institute of Technology[23] and is also chairman of Executive Alumni.[24]
Nuclear power and pension protection[edit]
Lady Judge became a non-executive director in 2002, and in 2004 the chair, of the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA).[5] After the sale of the UKAEA's decommissioning business to Babcock International Group in 2009, she was succeeded by Roger Cashmore in 2010.[25][26] In the same year she was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for "services to the Nuclear and Financial Services Industries".[27] In February 2010, she was also appointed to the International Advisory Board for the development of nuclear energy in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In February 2011, she led a trade delegation to India to discuss how British companies could take part in the construction of six giant nuclear reactors at Jaitapur on the west coast of the country.[28]
In April 2010, Lady Judge was appointed Chairman of the Pension Protection Fund (PPF), a position that she took up in July 2010.[29] She was the first female chair of the PPF, which provides compensation to employees with pension schemes which may be affected in the event that their employer is declared bankrupt.[30] Lady Judge was reappointed as chair in 2013.[31] Between 2007 and 2010, Lady Judge was a Public Member of the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants, a body which develops ethical standards and guidance for use by professional accountants.[12] Additionally, from 2004 until 2007, Lady Judge was Deputy Chairman of the UK Financial Reporting Council which regulates UK corporate governance and accountants.[32]
Lady Judge is chair of the Energy Institute at University College, London.[33] In January 2006, she was appointed by the School of Oriental and African Studies in London (SOAS) as Chairman of its governing body, and is also Chairman of the advisory board for the London Middle East Institute at SOAS.[34] Elsewhere, Lady Judge is a member of the International Board of Overseers of Sabancı University, Istanbul, and a visiting fellow of the University of Oxford Saïd Business School, at the Centre for Corporate Reputation.[33] In May 2012 she was appointed Chairman of Executive Alumni Ltd, an organisation that helps senior executives who have finished their corporate careers to remain productively involved in business.
In September 2012, Lady Judge was appointed Deputy Chairman of TEPCO Nuclear Reform Monitoring Committee.[35][36] The committee is an advisory body of domestic Japanese and international experts that conducts external monitoring and supervises the activities of the "Nuclear Reform Special Task Force" set up by TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power Company), in order to implement nuclear reform to achieve the world's highest standards of safety awareness, technical capabilities, and social interaction capabilities.[37] Lady Judge has said that she is particularly honored to serve on the committee as it is important to have a woman as part of the group.[38] It was reported that she was being hailed as the "secret weapon" and "saviour"[39] of Japan's nuclear hopes.[40]
In 2015 she was appointed as the first female chair of the Institute of Directors.[41]
Honours and assessment[edit]
In 2010 Lady Judge was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for "services to the Nuclear and Financial Services Industries".[27]
In February 2013 she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4.[42]
Personal interests[edit]
Lady Judge is an advocate for women in business and has stated that she believes women have a responsibility to help other women.[43] In an interview with the Financial Times she noted that much of her drive comes from her mother who taught her that women should work "not because they were poor or alone … [but] because they had a brain and they should use it and they should earn their own money, because money was independence and they should be independent".[44] She has also said that women "can have a serious career and also be a serious mother."[40]
She has a keen interest in food of all kinds and has contributed reviews of restaurants to publications including The Daily Telegraph,[45] Exclusive magazine[46] and The Express.[47] She is also a regular contributor to Forbes magazine, where she writes on restaurants visited on her international business travels.[48]
Lady Judge is a strong proponent for energy conservation. She has written on how nuclear energy can be the critical resource to ensure the security of energy supply which in turn is crucial for national security.[49] She is also chairman of the Energy Institute at University College London.[50]
- ^ a b Lady Judge, CBE, Debrett's.
- ^ a b Maccoby Berglof, Annie (7 October 2011). "Reformer with a City view". Financial Times.
- ^ Lady Judge appointed Chair of Pension Protection fund. DWP. Retrieved on 13 April 2011.
- ^ PM announces new Business Ambassadors. Number10.gov.uk (9 November 2010). Retrieved on 2011-04-13.
- ^ a b NIA – The Nuclear Industry Association – Judge to chair UKAEA. Niauk.org (30 July 2004). Retrieved on 2011-04-13.
- ^ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/5d77f54a-b2e8-11e4-b0d2-00144feab7de.html#axzz3Rr64vDe7
- ^ a b c Nemy, Enid (16 March 1981). "She's now at helm of SEC". Daytona Beach Morning Journal.
- ^ Student Affairs Staff, New York Institute of Technology.
- ^ a b c d 49th Annual Report of th Securities and Exchange Committee (1983), p. xvi.
- ^ "Miss Singer Betrothed To Theodore J. Kozloff". New York Times. 24 January 1967.
- ^ a b c NYU Law – 2009-10 ALMOs: Lady Barbara Thomas Judge (October). Law.nyu.edu. Retrieved on 11 December 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f Lady Barbara Thomas Judge – Business Ambassador Profile. Ukti.gov.uk (2011-03-22). Retrieved on 2011-04-13.
Biography of Lady Barbara Judge. Whartondubai09.com. Retrieved on 2011-12-11.
- ^ a b "Lady Judge (formerly known as Barbara S Thomas)". Retrieved 20 June 2013.
- ^ Judith A. Leavitt, American women managers and administrators:a selective biographical dictionary of twentieth-century leaders in business, education, and government, Greenwood 1985, p268. Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
- ^ a b c Gerth, Jeff (1 January 1990). "Some Lincoln investors escape loss in collapse". The New York Times.
- ^ (now part of HSBC Private BankOur Origins
- ^ a b Sands, Sarah (4 May 2007). "Is this the best connected woman in Britain?". Daily Mail (London).
- ^ a b c Leach, Andrew (12 September 2004). "Judge and friend she'd rather forget". London Evening Standard.
- ^ http://www.lawteacher.net/business-law/essays/organizations-that-control-world-gold-law-essays.php
- ^ Eskey, Kenneth (21 November 1989). "Money, connections equal power". Kokomo Tribune.
- ^ In re AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CORPORATION/LINCOLN SAVINGS AND LOAN SECURITIES LITIGATION, 782 F.Supp. 1382 (1991), p. 10f.
- ^ a b "De lady van Bekaert". Trends (in Dutch). 3 May 2007.
- ^ http://www.nyit.edu/president/board_of_trustees/
- ^ http://executivealumni.com/our-team
- ^ History, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority.
- ^ New chair of United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Appointed, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, 27 July 2010.
- ^ a b Viewing Page 7 of Issue 59446. London-gazette.co.uk (12 June 2010). Retrieved on 2011-04-13.
- ^ UK News, World News and Opinion. The Times. Retrieved on 13 April 2011.
- ^ Lady Judge CBE. Pensionprotectionfund.org.uk. Retrieved on 13 April 2011.
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ Lady Barbara Judge: Kazakhstan is Embracing Nuclear Power – KYTX CBS 19 Tyler Longview News Weather Sports. Cbs19.tv. Retrieved on 13 April 2011.
- ^ a b Lady Barbara Judge. World Foresight Forum. Retrieved on 2011-04-13.
Visiting Fellows. Sbs.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved on 2011-04-13.
- ^ UK – Lady Barbara to the helm at SOAS. Ft.com (24 January 2006). Retrieved on 2011-04-13.
- ^ Photo in center with Dale E. Klein (left), former Chairperson of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,東電の原子力改革監視委が初会合 柏崎再稼働目指し、信頼回復図る [TEPCO First Nuclear Reform Monitoring Committee Meeting, aiming to resume operation of Kashiwazaki–Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant under re-gain the trust by public] (in Japanese). Sankei Shimbun. 12 October 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
- ^ Document Related to the First Nuclear Reform Monitoring Committee Meeting TEPCO News >Press Releases>Press Release (12 Oct 2012) and Framework for the Nuclear Reform, TEPCO News, Press Release (11 Sep 2012)
- ^ http://www.nrmc.jp/en/about/index-e.html
- ^ http://www.nrmc.jp/en/member/detail/1224355_5228.html
- ^ http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/lady-barbara-judge-japans-smart-nuclear-weapon-8497747.html
- ^ a b http://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/05/business/lady-judge-fukushima-japan-nuclear/
- ^ Ashton, James (14 February 2015). "Skeletons should be rattled before public appointments are made". The Independent. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
- ^ "BBC Radio 4, Woman's Hour Power list". Bbc.co.uk. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
- ^ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/28d1585a-98fd-11e3-a32f-00144feab7de.html#axzz3Ck44XpCy
- ^ http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ca5fc8be-e5ce-11e3-a7f5-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3Ck44XpCy
- ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/9312057/Judges-verdict-the-best-desserts.html
- ^ http://www.exclusivemagazines.co.uk/exclusive/
- ^ http://www.express.co.uk/life-style/food/511120/Restaurant-review-L-Effervescence-Shinjuku-ku-Tokyo
- ^ http://www.forbes.com/sites/ladybarbarajudge/
- ^ http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304418404579465172040371470
- ^ http://www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/energy/people/advisors
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Barbara, Lady Judge.
- University of Pennsylvania alumni
- New York University School of Law alumni
- Members of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission
- People associated with SOAS, University of London
- American expatriates in the United Kingdom
- American lawyers
- American businesspeople
- British bankers
- American bankers
- 1946 births
- Living people
- Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
- American women bankers
- American women lawyers
- New York Institute of Technology faculty


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What is the Frugal Event Calendar?
The Frugal Event Calendar is a calendar of frugal events in the Indiana area, including nationwide events, consisting of workshops, classes, festivals, consignments sales, and more.
Go to the Main Calendar.
- This event has passed.
Lilly Theater: Bat Encounter (Indianapolis)
October 10, 2012 @ 7:00 PM - October 11, 2012 @ 7:00 PM
Event Navigation
Showtimes at 1 p.m. and 3 p.m.
40 minutes
Recommended for families with children ages 4 and up. Step into the world of bats and meet them face-to-face! Encounter a variety of bats from around the world, observe their behaviors, and hear their high-pitched echolocation with a bat detector. This show features live rescued bats.
Add a Frugal Event
Know of a great frugal event going on in the Indiana area? You can now add your frugal events to the the Frugal Event Calendar easily.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Crag features
Wonderfully rough rock even when wet gives great climbing and the remote location ensures peace and quiet. The north-east buttress is a huge 360m high buttress with 3 grassy terraces forming 4 tiers. The 3rd tier is known as Leac Mor(Great Slab). Routes require several days to dry.
Approach notes
From the old bridge at 928596 follow the path up Coire an Lubhair and go into the upper coire. Approx 2 hours.
Scottish Rock - South (2008), Glen Coe (2001),
Out of print: Glen Coe (1992)
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Editorial: FCAT overrated, but legislators must be careful in tweaking school grading system
In broadening benchmarks for high schools lawmakers must not gloss over grade-inflation concerns
Florida's Legislature is looking for ways to keep FCAT in perspective at high school. Currently, the high-stakes, statewide exams are the Alpha and Omega of school grades. How students perform on these tests determine what letter grades — and what, if any, bonus funds — their schools receive from the Department of Education.
State Sen. Don Gaetz, R-Niceville, wants to broaden the high school report card by factoring in other measurements.
Under his Senate Bill 1908, FCAT would count for only half of a school's letter grade. The remaining 50 percent would be scored according to graduation rates, participation in Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate courses, dual enrollment classes, SAT/ACT results and vocational certifications.
Such indicators are worth measuring. Higher grad rates and vocational certificates are definitely needed, as Florida is anemic on both counts.
Gaetz also makes the valid point that fewer than half of a school's students may actually be taking FCATs in any given year. So, some balance seems in order.
But at least two of the bill's benchmarks could simply invite more grade inflation.
First, mere participation in AP and IB courses isn't enough; passing those class exams is what counts. While Florida's AP enrollment rate far exceeds national averages, test passage rates fall below U.S. performance. A better barometer is success on the test — just as the bill treats SAT/ACT results.
A second pitfall is the graduation rate, which Florida computes more generously than do federal or independent analysts. U.S. Secretary of Education Margaret Spellings' announcement that her agency will set a standard national protocol will, hopefully, get everyone on the same page. Until then, the local numbers are suspect.
One other potential measure of schools curiously neglected by Gaetz is safety. Parents would find it useful to know how much violence there is in a school and how many suspensions there are.
Florida educators eagerly embrace Gaetz's proposal to downplay FCAT. Little wonder. High schools consistently post the lowest scores in their districts. At many urban campuses, including St. Lucie County's, barely one-quarter of 10th-graders test at grade level. How does one put a smiley face on that?
Carefully constructed, Gaetz's diversified report card could present a fuller picture of high school performance. But if it glosses over low FCAT scores with a softer set of standards, SB1908 will be just another clever way to dumb down public education.
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What a day! The strong hands slowly acquired shares most of the day at between $1.20 to $1.23 dumped from the weak hands for whatever reason (tax loss blah blah blah), and pushed up the closing price to positive territory at close ($1.27)
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Brazilian-born designer Paula Hermanny thinks outside the box with her sensational swimwear line Vix, and these black bikini briefs are a covetable case in point. Trimmed with snake-effect faux leather and glamorous gold embellishments, this low-rise pair will wow in your vacation repertoire. Simply add the matching top for a striking set.
Black stretch-polyamidePurple and beige snake-effect faux leather trims, gold-tone hardware, fully lined84% polyamide, 16% elastaneHand wash
Product code: 197990 - Need help? Contact us


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Company Overview of AMFM Operating, Inc.
BOARD MEMBERS AFFILIATED WITH Mark Pitman Mays *
President, Chief Operating Officer, and Director
*Data is at least as current as the most recent Definitive Proxy.
MOST CONNECTED PEOPLE TO Mark Pitman Mays
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|185 Relationships
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|160 Relationships
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|112 Relationships
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Laser Lipo Fat Reduction – Four ($199), Six ($249) or Eight ($299) Treatments at Light Aesthetics Skin & Body Clinic (Up to $2,100 Value)
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The Deal
- $199 for four laser lipo treatments on one area ($1100 value)
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- Bonus: $100 voucher to use towards subsequent treatments
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watercolor paint and graphite on Fabriano paper
I like in this one the figurative criterion (the swan), and the contrast with abstract texture. As usual, creating new beautiful artistic spaces... ;-)
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So I thought the Vanity Fair red carpet would be my last celeb posting for a while, well that was until I saw Diane Kruger in this gorgeous, frothy Chanel Couture look at the Elle Style Awards. I am a sucker for Diane's red carpet style, pink, cute, and lacy Chanel.
Wedding Inspiration: How About Rita Ora's Marchesa Gown
I am on the hunt at the moment for my wedding gown – I have been scouring wedding magazines, Brides.com's extensive bridal galleries, and ever real wedding blog I can find to get inspiration on what would work on my big day. It was only earlier this week after seeing Rita Ora hit the red carpet at the ELLE Style Awards that I realised that you can take a lot from the red carpet gowns that your favourite celebrities wear.
ELLE Style Awards: Emma Watson In Giambattista Valli
Who: actress Emma Watson
Where: At the ELLE Style Awards 2014 held at One Embankment in London
Wearing: A monochrome Giambattista Valli couture mini dress from the spring/summer 2014 collection, teamed with black pointy Christian Louboutin heels and red lippy
Verdict: I love Emma's fresh take on red carpet fashion, you can never really predict what she will wear, and I always seem to love her fashion-forward choices. This mini Giambattista Valli is daring, stunning and has a modern glamour about it – I love the contrasting texture of the sequinned bodice with the waist band and the architectural bow skirt.
It is cute, fun and perfect for a young actress like herself and I am so pleased she didn't over style the look – that skirt doesn't need anything else to make this outfit shine.
Emma was most certainly my best dressed at this year's ELLE Style Awards – I love everything about this look.
Are you a fan of Emma's red carpet style?
[Pics: courtesy of Elle Style Awards]
ELLE Style Awards: Rosie Angelic In Antonio Berardi
Who: Rosie Huntington-Whiteley
Where: At the ELLE Style Awards 2012 held at The Savoy, London
Wearing: A sheer Antonio Berardi dress with cape detail from the spring/summer 2012 collection, teamed with nude sandals
Verdict: After the disappointment of the BAFTAs I was thrilled at the fashions at the ELLE awards and my best dressed had to be Rosie in this angelic-meets-gladiator vibe dress. I love the sheer and silver-embroidered detailing of this dress – it really does look amazing against her complexion, but for me this dress is made exquisite with the addition of the cape – very ethereal – I LOVE IT!!!
I really don't think Rosie can do anything wrong, I love her casual looks and her red carpet style just blows me away. It seems everyone at ELLE agrees as Rosie picked up the well deserved Style Icon award.
[Pic: Mike Marsland]


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Book your room at Best Western Plus Cedar Court Hotel
Please enter your travel dates.
Collect 200 points
Simply enter your Nectar card number when prompted. Your points will be credited 30 days after you return from your trip.*Offers may apply
*Hotel completely non smoking* Welcome to the BEST WESTERN PLUS Cedar Court Hotel, Harrogate's first hotel dating back to 1671, which was sympathetically restored and reopened in 1999. After a multi-million pound investment, the BEST WESTERN PLUS Cedar Court Hotel offers all the modern facilities you would expect, while retaining the charm and hospitality of a bygone era. Upon your arrival, why not take afternoon tea in one of our spacious lounges or relax and unwind in the comfort of your room. As the evening descends, enjoy an appetizer in the lounge bar before dining in the elegance of the Georgian style Queens Restaurant and relish the opulence of yesteryear. The Queens Restaurant offers mouth watering international cuisine, complimented by quality wines and beverages. We have 10 rooms suitable for both corporate and private functions, which will seat up to 320 guests. The BEST WESTERN PLUS Cedar Court Hotel is ideally situated for visiting the historic cities of York and Ripon as well as the market towns of Knaresborough and Pateley Bridge. The BEST WESTERN PLUS Cedar Court Hotel overlooks the famous Stray that has 200 acres of beautifully tended tree-lined lawns and provides ample free parking. Enjoy your stay.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
Wireless Internet Access, Hairdryers Available, 24 Hour Front Desk, Safe Deposit Box, No Smoking Rooms/Facilities, Free Newspaper, Horseback Riding, Business Center, Lounge, Free Parking, Restaurant, Room Service, Multilingual, Exercise Gym, Air Conditioned, Coffee Maker in Room, High speed internet access, Ironing Board, Data port Available, Jogging Track, Porters, Guest Laundromat, Elevators, Copy Service, Wedding Services, Currency Exchange, Handicapped Rooms/Facilities, Double Bed, Single Bed, Bathrobes, Radio, AM/FM Alarm Clock, Wake-up Service, Television with Cable, Cribs Available, Trouser Press, Secretarial Service, Meeting/Banquet Facilities, City Center, Smoke Detectors,
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- Coffee/tea maker
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Check-in time starts at 14:30:01
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Commercial Services and Supplies
Company Overview of The Confederation of Swedish Enterprise
Executive Profile
Håkan Bryngelson
Director, The Confederation of Swedish Enterprise
|Total Calculated Compensation
|This person is connected to 1 Board Members in 1 different organizations across 4 different industries.
See Board Relationships
Mr. Håkan Bryngelson served as the President of Vasakronan AB. Mr. Bryngelson's experience include: President of LIC Care, Divisional Manager of MoDo and President of Mekandor. Mr. Bryngelson serves as the Chairman of Celtica, Almega and Almega's service employers' associations. Mr. Bryngelson's other Board positions includes Chairman of Almega Tjänsteförbunden, Board Member of Civitas Holding, Norrporten and Svenskt Näringsliv. He served as the Chairman of Tengbomgruppen ...
Corporate Headquarters
Storgatan 19Phone: 46 8 553 430 00
Stockholm, -- 114 82
Fax: 46 8 553 430 99
Board Members Memberships
EducationThere is no Education data available.
Other Affiliations
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As a Forester, you will be challenged to grow physically by training and competition, mentally by developing stronger skills of determination, discipline, and focus, and ultimately, spiritually by growing in your relationship with God.
Whether you find yourself on a mission trip or in a fierce match against a conference foe, our desire is for all players to be prepared to make a positive impact on their families, workplace, and community by the time their tennis career has ended.
HU tennis blanked by league champs
MARION, Ind. - Up against the league's best, the HU women's tennis team became Indiana Wesleyan's latest victim Thursday afternoon at the Sutter Tennis Center by suffering a 9-0 loss in their last regular season match of the fall. With this win, the Wildcats (11-0) wrap up the regular season with a perfect 8-0 league record and the No. 1 seed for the upcoming Crossroads League tournament. IWU has lost just one singles match to a conference foe this season. Despite the...


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So, I've been promising a post on the Folger seminar I'm taking for weeks now (three weeks, to be precise) and since university let out early today and I expect to have no time to work on my dissertation between now and the arrival of the family, I thought "what the hell, let's do this thing." Not that it's a chore–I'm thrilled to be able to share this experience with anyone who cares to have a read-through. 2,534 more words
Tags » Research And Scholarship
From 65 to (Seemingly) 0 to 65 MPH: (Re) Defining Productivity, The Dissertation Year(s)
I am currently experiencing a phenomenon that I was warned about by friends who are farther along in their degrees that I am or who have finished their degrees, but never really believed could happen to me: … 2,005 more words
Kalamazoo Calls for Papers--Robin Hood, Monsters, Pilgrimage, Women, Sarcasm and Snark!
Good morning, Readers!
The long, dry summer spell is over and we are now officially back in classes at my university, which (hopefully) means I'll be back to blogging slightly more regularly. 2,506 more words


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All of the Baldwinsville Central School District's spring athletic teams have qualified for recognition from the New York State Public High School Athletic Association for outstanding academic achievements. In order to qualify, a varsity team must have a team composite grade point average of 90 percent or above. All nine varsity teams met this standard. These team averages will now be ranked against other New York State teams in the same sports for possible additional state recognition.
Congratulations to the following teams and individuals who qualified:
Varsity Girls' Track & Field (97.248 GPA)
Cierra Allen, Sara Bartelli, Jessica Beneway, Randi Bort, Krista Brower, Kallie Castetter, Amanda Chajkowski, Calley Constance, Mckenna Curtis, Casey Devlin, Alexandra D'Huy, Rachel Dominic, Laura Farleman, Lauren Fisher, Grace Geno, Erin George, Julia Gorski, Chandra Hewitt, Shannon Hines, Mayleena Holm, Meghan Hull, Margaret Hurd, Shannon Hurley, Quaneisha Ivey, Julia Johnson, Mary Joncas, Carson Judkins, Elizabeth Knight, Alexis LaGoy, Jacqueline Lalla, Tiffany Mackey, Elena Margrey, Kaitlyn Martin, Paige McKenna, Holly McMahon, Carlie McNamara, Heather Mendiola, Kassey Milana, Rachael Miller, Dana Mitchell, Baily Nash, Dana Norton, Alexi Pateras, Andrea Pateras, Alexandra Pesano, Ashley Pesano, Anne Peterson, Nicole Piontkowski, Christina Pompo, Mallory Porch, Angelica Romeu, Emily Schmid, Samantha Sidorakis, Sydney Slavik, Emily Soeder, Shelby Squire, Emily Thompson, Taylor Toomey, Stephanie Vasteno, Lana Vecchiarelli, Emily Walser, Mallory Warner, Elizabeth Wisely and Yuliya Yakymiv.
Varsity Boys' Track & Field (97.211 GPA)
Alex Almonte, Thomas Ancillotti, Taylor Bailey, Zachary Brown, Daniel Bulger, Matthew Calnan, Shawn Calnan, Justin Dalaba, James Eustice, Andrew Fleming, Christopher Guido, Joel Hargrave, Jonathan Hingre, David Hutter, James Keegan, Stephen Keegan, Gregory Lefancheck, Nathan LoParco, Sean Maar, James Maguire, Alexander Malecki, Jacob Margrey, John Martin, Antonio Martinez, Patrick Miller, Paul Moore, Alexander Nagy, Brett Nephew, Ethan Pacheck, Alec Peinkofer, Joshua Perez, Benjamin Rathbun, Tyler Rawson, Ryan Roman, Connor Ross, Karl Smiley, Mark Stanard, Shaun Thompson, James Wafful, Daniel Walker, Harrison Warner and Michael Watkins.
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Boreham Wood sign Jeffrey on loan
National League side Boreham Wood sign winger Anthony Jeffrey on a loan from Concord Rangers.BBC Sport » 8d
National League side Boreham Wood sign winger Anthony Jeffrey on a loan from Concord Rangers.BBC Sport » 8d
Truro City sign Exeter City's Northern Ireland Under-21 striker Jamie Reid on loan.BBC Sport » 11d
National League side Woking sign Ebbsfleet United defender Craig Braham-Barrett on a one-month loan deal.BBC Sport » 21d
Torquay boss Paul Cox could recall Ashley Yeoman from his loan spell at Truro if the striker does not play more games.BBC Sport » 23d
Truro City sign Torquay United central defender Jamie Richards and former Bristol Rovers right-back Pierce Mitchell.BBC Sport » 30d
Select the table based on the criteria you select, which can include venue, goals scored and conceded and the total goals in the game. The results are presented in our standard True Table format.
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Five For Friday: Figure Skating
Paul D. Bowker Sept. 25, 2015
Six past or reigning U.S. champions are kicking off their season in Oberstdorf, Germany.
Five For Friday: Road Cycling
Paul D. Bowker Sept. 25, 2015
Team USA athletes are competing for world championship medals and Olympic spots in Richmond, Virginia.
Five For Friday: Beach Volleyball
Paul D. Bowker Sept. 25, 2015
Olympic medalists Jen Kessy and Phil Dalhausser headline the field at the Xiamen Open in China.
Five For Friday: Equestrian
Paul D. Bowker Sept. 25, 2015
Which two Olympians will compete at the FEI Nations Cup Jumping Final?
How Lucas Euser's Life Has Changed Since Winning The Jack Kelly Fair Play Award
Brandon Penny Sept. 24, 2015
Euser opens up about the incident that changed his life, as well as his cycling future and finding love.
Taylor Phinney Returns From Horrific Accident To Finish 12th In Cycling Worlds Time Trial
Peggy Shinn Sept. 23, 2015
His performance came 16 months after a compound fracture of his tibia and fibula, and ruptured patella tendon.
After Failing Swim Test, Jordan Wilimovsky Kept Swimming All The Way To Rio Olympics
Scott McDonald Sept. 23, 2015
Jordan Wilimovsky qualified for Rio by winning the 10K at the FINA World Championships.
U.S. Olympic Committee Announces 2015 Award Winners
United States Olympic Committee Sept. 23, 2015
The awards are to be presented this week at the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Assembly in Colorado Springs.
U.S. Men's Volleyball Team Wins First World Cup Title In 30 Years, Qualifies For Rio
Darci Miller Sept. 23, 2015
Team USA finished with a 10-1 record in Japan; Matt Anderson was named tournament MVP.
Big Air At Fenway Brings Snowboarding, Freeskiing To Whole New Ballpark
Tony Lee Sept. 22, 2015
Top U.S. snowboarders and freeskiers are expected to compete at the world cup stop Feb. 11-12, 2016.


text: protest Students Sit In At Dartmouth Over Diversity Issues By Charlotte Albright • Apr 2, 2014 Courtesy VPR About 35 students staged a sit-in in Dartmouth President Philip Hanlon's office Tuesday. They have been pressuring the College to increase enrollment of black, Latino and Native American students to at least 10 percent each, and to hire more faculty from minority groups. The 70 monetary demands outlined in their "Freedom Budget" also include sweeping changes in the curriculum, financial aid, and residential life programs. The Bitter Taste of the Rainbow By Virginia Prescott • Apr 2, 2012 (Photo by p4nc0np4n via Flickr Creative Commons) Successful brands can cost millions of dollars to create, protect, and control. Despite those mammoth efforts, name brands can take on a life of their own. Take Skittles, the brand of candy Trayvon Martin bought shortly before being shot by George Zimmerman. Now, the candy is being used at protests and getting big play in the media, translating to a brand boost of sorts. Occupy New Hampshire Hits Peterborough By Donna Moxley • Nov 17, 2011 Donna Moxley / NHPR People from across southwestern New Hampshire gathered at a park in Peterborough Thursday to rally for the job creation and improvement to the state's roads and bridges. As part of a national protest, more than 100 New Hampshire residents turned out in Peterborough to declare an "economic emergency" for the ninety nine percent. They focused on the country's decaying transportation infrastructure and high unemployment rate, Peterborough resident Joe Graley urged Congress to pass President Obama's jobs plan


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Thanks to emails and calls from people who sensed something wasn't right, we've heard that an FTC imposter scam we've written about before is back.
The email tells you there's a complaint against your business, and wants you to click on a link. Here's what one of the scammy emails said:
Hollywood might have you believe that identity theft means a dozen maxed out credit cards, a warrant for your arrest, and a bill for a spa appointment 2,000 miles away. But in real life, identity theft can be sneakier.
It might start with a small credit card charge you don't recognize. Or a strange new account that shows up on your credit report. Or a letter from the IRS that says you already filed taxes this year. Only you didn't.


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So ive had this dream for about as long as ive been cooking (10 years) to at least live in japan for one year. The culture, knives and people seem so authentic i need to be in it. ive just been fascinated with every thing japan.
Does anyone have any input on what it takes,pay,resume to move to japan and get a "chef" position. Would anyone even give me a chance being from another country >?
Also what type of nest egg would you need to live comfortably till you got on your feet ?
i have a million more questions but we can start with these for now. ANY input would be invaluable.


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IP gas pipeline project fully operational in 2014: Pakistani minister
Tue Sep 4, 2012 4:20PM
Hussain explained that, the project is continuing as scheduled and the work on detailed route survey and the final front end engineering design is scheduled to be completed in September 2012.The Pakistani official also noted that, the procurement activities of items such as pipelines, and compressors have already been started. Pakistan faces shortage of gas due to depletion of natural resources which leave the country with small reserves not enough for producing large amounts of natural gas, he stated. The Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline, projected to cost USD 1.2-1.5 billion, is aimed to export a daily amount of 21.5 million cubic meters of Iranian natural gas to Pakistan. Maximum daily gas transfer capacity of the 56-inch pipeline -- which runs over 900 kilometers from Iran's southern port city of Asalouyeh in Bushehr Province to the city of Iranshahr in Sistan and Baluchestan Province -- is estimated to hit 110 million cubic meters. Iran has already constructed more than 900 kilometers of the pipeline on its soil. TNP/SS


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- Melissa Arnot
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- Pepper Dee
- James Easley
- Chris Ebeling
- Mark Falender
- Leah Fisher
- Lindsay Fixmer
- Eric Frank
- Steve Gately
- JM Gorum
- Casey Grom
- Billy Haas
- Dave Hahn
- Walter Hailes
- Mike Haugen
- Andy Hildebrand
- Joe Horiskey
- Nick Hunt
- Tyler Jones
- JJ Justman
- Andrew Kiefer
- Mike King
- Adam Knoff
- Caleb Ladue
- Ben Liken
- Josh Maggard
- Paul Maier
- Linden Mallory
- Lindsay Mann
- Jeff Martin
- Jess Matthews
- Bryan Mazaika
- Hannah McGowan
- Stoney Molina
- Chase Nelson
- Billy Nugent
- Brent Okita
- Sid Pattison
- Tyler Reid
- Kel Rossiter
- Geoff Schellens
- Hannah Smith
- Mike Soucy
- Garrett Stevens
- Sarah Strattan
- Mark Tucker
- Mike Uchal
- Pete Van Deventer
- Alex Van Steen
- Ed Viesturs
- Christina von Mertens
- Blake Votilla
- Mike Walter
- Seth Waterfall
- Solveig Waterfall
- Peter Whittaker
- Win Whittaker
- Robby Young
Ecuador Volcanoes: Team is Rested And Ready
Posted by: Casey Grom, Solveig Waterfall | December 18, 2013
Categories: *Expedition Dispatches *Ecuador
Elevation: 16,000'
After almost two days of rest at the lovely Chilcabamba the team is feeling refreshed and excited for Cotopaxi. We had a leisurely breakfast and then finished our packing before loading up the van and heading uphill to reach the parking lot that allows us easy access to the mountain. The parking lot sits at about 15,000' and the climbers hut is just about a 1,000' above that. Our timing was perfect today as we hiked to the hut just after a small snow squall and shortly before the weather came back in. Lucky for us!
Our plan tonight is to get up around 11pm again and hopefully be climbing shortly after midnight. I'm expecting the climb take us around 7 hours if all goes according to plan.
Keep your phones nearby tomorrow morning. A lucky winner will make a summit phone call if the weather allows.
Wish us luck
RMI Guide Casey Grom and team
On The Map
Sign Up For Ecuador 2013 Email Alerts
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God's speed! Safe climbing!
Love you Brian M
Posted by: Duane Mycroft on 12/19/2013 at 5:20 am


text: More from SI Report: Dodgers release pitcher Freddy Garcia Report: Dodgers release pitcher Freddy Garcia Marshawn Lynch sports gold cleats for Super Bowl Marshawn Lynch sports gold cleats for Super Bowl Louisville vs. FIU: Game time, live stream, TV coverage Louisville vs. FIU: Game time, live stream, TV coverage Pittsburgh-area high school football player dies after... Pittsburgh-area high school football player dies after... Close Tweet0 Share0 Comment0 Share0 Share0 Stumble It0 Print0 More SI Wire Andrew Bynum suspended by Cavs, reportedly on trading block by Tim Polzer Email Posted: Sat Dec. 28, 2013 Andrew Bynum signed a two-year, $24 million deal with the Cavaliers. (David Liam Kyle/NBAE via Getty Images)The Cavaliers suspended center Andrew Bynum for conduct detrimental to the team, the team announced Saturday.Bynum did not travel with the team to Boston last night for Saturday's game against the Celtics. He has been excused from all team activities indefinitely.Adrian Wojnarowski of Yahoo Sports reports the Cavs believe their partnership with the former All-Star center has rapidly deteriorated.Bynum has almost assuredly played his final game for the Cavaliers, a source with direct knowledge of the franchise's plans told Yahoo Sports after the team announced Saturday it has suspended Bynum indefinitely for conduct detrimental to the team."He doesn't want to play basketball anymore," a league source told Yahoo Sports.The Cavaliers believe Bynum has been a "disruptive" presence within the team and have lost hope the partnership can be salvaged, sources said. Bynum often expressed a lack of desire to play and practice and was convinced by the Cavaliers not to quit previously, sources said.ESPN's Brian Windhorst reports the Cavs will attempt to trade Bynum soon because his two-year, $24 million contract is guaranteed for just $6 million through Jan. 5, 2014. He also could try to negotiate a buyout with the Cavs and try to sign a contract for the veteran's minimum with a contending team if he clears waivers. After being sidelined by knee injuries last season with the 76ers, Bynum is averaging 8.6 points and 5.3 rebounds in 24 games for the Cavs. Promoted Stories Comments


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This tuxedo is a very dark midnight blue, with black satin shawl lapels and a 1 button front. Tailored to modern apparel trends, the Midnight 'Maxwell' is a modern fit featuring higher arm holes, a slightly shorter length (30.5in), and a tapered waist designed to present a more refined silhouette. It is available with black pants, the matching trousers are no longer available for rent.
Don't forget to check out our blog post talking about James Bond's midnight tuxedo in Skyfall, it's a must read!
Available to Rent in Limited Quantities!


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If I were really looking to get in to large format, (which, if that's where you're thinking of going eventually, I'd just go straight there and skip the medium format) I'd get a nice inexpensive 4x5 field camera that can take a bag bellows, like a Shen Hao HZX-AT II (why the alphabet soup I have no idea, but it's a great little camera) and a 90 mm like a Rodenstock Grandagon 90mm f6.8. The f6.8 is a good compromise between the compactness of the f8 lenses and the cost and weight of the f5.6 lenses.
If you're still looking at medium format because you really want it, go take a look at the Mamiya website to see the range of focal lengths available for the RB/RZ line and the 7. As mentioned previously, the RB/RZ goes down to 50mm, and then has a fisheye 37mm. The 7 has a rectilinear 43, 50, and 65 as well as the normal 80. The KEH website is as good a place as any to see a list of what's available for the Pentax, although at any given moment in time they may not have any of the extreme lenses at the superwide and/or long telephoto ends of the spectrum as they were always specialty lenses and are rare.


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When the same data were analyzed by size of employer, an interesting split emerged:
Among the families with large employers, those living in high-poverty neighborhoods were 1.78 times more likely than families in higher-income areas to be switched to a high-deductible plan, after adjustment for other factors (including level of education, known chronic conditions, overall health burden and health costs incurred).
Families with small employers were *less* likely to be switched to high-deductible plans if they had more children, an above-average burden of illness and higher health-care expenditures at baseline. Those who *were* switched tended to be healthier and have fewer children.
"Our data show that families with children in high-deductible plans may comprise two distinct groups, one with higher-risk characteristics and one with lower-risk characteristics compared to traditional plans," says Galbraith. "This makes it important to monitor the effects of enrollment in high-deductible plans on children's use of needed care, especially for vulnerable populations that are enrolled."
As high-deductible health plans have become more popular, with 10 percent of employers offering a plan with a high deductible and 14.8 million adults enrolled in 2007(1,2), they are also spreading to families with children. There is growing concern among pediatricians that families facing high out-of-pocket costs may be failing to obtain recommended care.
A national survey published in 2007(2) showed that about half of the people enrolled in high-deductible plans did not have a choice of plans.
|Contact: Rob Graham
Children's Hospital Boston


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STOP the cruelty of Greyhound Racing
Greyhound Racing kills!
Greyhound Racing kills!
The Dolphin killing season is due to start again in Japan. Here's what we can do about it.
Fear for Australian animals following a decision by Federal Government to renege in leading animal welfare improvements.
Expansion of palm oil plantations in rainforests is pushing wild orangutans to the brink of extinction.
A day in the life of a bird raised for foie gras includes several force-feedings in which a thick pipe is rammed down
Does an Animal Abuser Live in Your Neighborhood? Our communities have good reason to be concerned about the whereabouts
Animal cruelty - just when is enough- enough? Justice for the Voiceless!
Animal cruelty - once you know, you can't unknow!
Sick ice bucket challenge thugs dunk PUPPY headfirst into freezing water.
Foxes are suffering in a Fur Farm in Quebec.
The annual festival, on June 21 involves eating dog meat hotpot and lychees and drinking liquor on the summer solstice.
PepsiCo can help stop Conflict Palm Oil plantations from destroying the rainforest homes of the last wild orangutans.
Puppy Doe was rehomed through Craigslist, the people who took her sadistically tortured her.
Please express support and sympathy for the families who lost loved ones in the Sandy Hook shooting, and those injured.
ANIMAL LOVING FRIENDS WORLDWIDE PLEASE HELP FIGHT FOR BATMAN. This poor old boy would have suffered greatly. His death
Coca-Cola, in partnership with World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is launching Year Two of Arctic Home. This project is working


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Fund Open to Resident MBL Faculty
The University of Chicago has built an array of programs to create an entrepreneurial ecosystem that can help researchers navigate the path toward commercialization and overcome the hurdles to attracting investment. These programs include the Chicago Innovation Exchange, The New Venture Challenge, accelerator and incubator programs, and the University of Chicago Innovation Fund.
About the Innovation Fund
The Innovation Fund is a philanthropic proof-of-concept fund created to support the evolution of your ideas into products and services. The Fund has now been expanded to $20 million dollars and is open to current UChicago and affiliated lab faculty, staff, and students with technologies in a wide variety of industries.
Applications are due via electronic submission by Thursday, March 12th.
The Innovation Fund is intended to provide proof-of-concept funding for technologies / concepts which:
- are submitted by a current University of Chicago Principal Investigator, student, affiliate (including national labs), or their representative,
- possess the potential to have a substantial commercial impact but are too early to attract commercial investment,
- and cannot be funded through existing granting mechanisms.
It is not intended to fund research / activities that are not directly driving towards an externally validated business outcome.
If you have any questions, contact Jason Pariso, The Director of Operations (email@example.com), or Wolfgang Connell, Chicago Innovation Exchange Program Manager (firstname.lastname@example.com).
— The Innovation Fund Team


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I am trying to bind same data reader object to 2 controls .one is gridview and second is formview.The gridview is getting bind but it formview didn't .Even i am closing the object after binding both. Can anyone please let me know if it is possible or not.If yes then how?
This is my code:-
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
SqlCommand cmd1 = new SqlCommand();
//cmd.CommandText = "SELECT firstname,lastname FROM crudtable";
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT firstname,lastname FROM crudtable";
cmd1.CommandText = "SELECT firstname FROM crudtable";
cmd.Connection = con;
cmd1.Connection = con;
SqlDataReader reader ;
SqlDataReader reader1;
reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
GridView1.DataSource = reader;
FormView1.DataSource = reader;
reader1 = cmd1.ExecuteReader();
ddl.DataSource = reader1;
ddl.DataTextField = "firstname";
Thanks in advance.


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World War II: The Most Devastating War in History
(A Term Paper in Social Studies 2)
Errol Asuncion
Kenneth Flores
Aldrich Jesse Fuertes
Joseph Benjamin Gohel
Trevor Ivan Lim
Olsen Manila
Irwin Posadas
Jeremy Rimando
Cris Villanueva
Submitted to:
Mrs. Aia U. Adato
Saint Louis University – Laboratory High School, Baguio City
This is a 59 page, 66 resource paper discussing the History of World War II. This research discusses about the Start of World War II, "Mini-Wars" of World War II, World War II in Different Countries, Peace Treaties made during World War II, Ending of World War II, Effects of World War II in terms of Casualties and Economy, Introduction of the United Nations to the World and the Concept of World War III. Even though some of us are unaware of what happened during World War II, we are still able to appreciate the efforts of different countries to end this "Most Devastating War" that happened in the world. Indeed, we eventually come to realize that man is free but yet not free from being involved in small fights that may lead to war.
World War II (WWII), also known as the Second World War, (1939-1945), was the deadliest war in history. Over one hundred million soldiers fought in the war, and sixty million people died, including approximately forty million civilians. A total war, World War II blurred the distinction between military and civilian. It was also a true world war, with battles on nearly every continent and on all the oceans. The world's economic, industrial, and scientific output became focused on the war effort. The financial cost of the war was about $1 trillion worldwide, making it the most expensive war in capital as well as in lives. The war split the world into two opposing alliances: the Allied Powers, led by Great Britain, France, the United States, the Soviet Union, and...


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Happy #MMAMonday! Can't wait to get back in there on Sept 20th! #UFC #MMA #Fighting
Miesha Tate Instagram Post - July 21, 2014
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Happy Monday everyone ! #happiness #thelittlethings #birthdayweek
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Happy #SweetSunday -Artwork Credit @Louie39992
Miesha Tate Instagram Post - July 20, 2014
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Happy #FanAppreciationFriday xoxoxo #LoveMyFans #TeamTate #CupCakeNation #CupCakeTate #photogrid @photogridorg
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Happy face ;)
Gabriel Gonzaga Instagram Post - July 16, 2014
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Happy Birthday Poppa Libo! Love you @americantopteam and everything you stand for! Enjoy this day!! @liborioatt #attnation
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Happy #FanAppreciationFriday xoxoxo #photogrid @photogridorg
Miesha Tate Instagram Post - July 11, 2014
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Happy 47th birthday Michele! Such a fun birthday class with @zumateam!
Sarah Kaufman Instagram Post - July 10, 2014
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Happy 3rd B-day to my beautiful princess Aria Idalis Pettis!! Love and miss her so much!!! She is the reason I work so hard... #7-9-11 #daddysgirl
Anthony Pettis Instagram Post - July 09, 2014
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Happy #nationalfriedchickenday #ATL
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Happy #4thofjuly everyone! #independence #merica #1
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Happy #4thOfJuly We are still a young country making mistakes, but there is no place on earth I love more. #USA
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Happy 4th to everyone
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Happy 4th of July! Love this country! #proudtobeAmerican
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Happy 4th my friends from all of us @innovativeresults @fightcampconditioning ... Don't do anything I wouldn't do today ; )
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SAS launched SAS Solutions OnDemand: Drug Development--a hosted solution for aggregating, analyzing and reviewing clinical trials data for small-medium businesses. This cost-effective alternative to an enterprise solution should aid SMBs in delivering new drugs to market faster. More
Phase Forward announced an extended agreement with the FDA in support of the agency's Critical Path Initiative. Under the agreement, the FDA's Center for Disease and Research will broaden its use of Phase Forward's WebSDM software so that study data reviewers can perform advance safety screening, data visualization and comparative analyses--and ensure that safe, effective and affordable medical products are made available to the public. More


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Validating a Model of Chronic Illness and Family Caregiving
Curry, Linda Cox, Walker, Charles A., Moore, Penny, Hogstel, Mildred O., Journal of Theory Construction and Testing
Numerous studies have investigated chronic illness (CI) and family caregiving (FC), but the intimate link between these 2 constructs has not been explored. This study validates parallel structures in a deductive model connecting the constructs of CI and FC. Data used to validate the model's parallel structures were obtained from participants in a caregiver support group. The CI-FC Interaction Model illustrates the similarity of major concepts and processes characterizing CI and FC. The model may provide a framework to facilitate discussions between chronically ill individuals and their family caregivers promoting more effective relationships.
Key Words: Chronic illness, content analysis, family caregiving, model validation
The number of older adults receiving care from family members increased dramatically during the past decade. This increase was influenced by an expanding population of adults age 60 and older, greater life expectancy, and a higher incidence of chronic illness (CI). Despite medical advances, chronic illnesses and the resulting complications are primary causes of hospitalization an^ death (Family Caregiver Alliance, 2007). Family caregivers are a critical resource for assisting older adults with Cl. Although some family caregivers report good health, many exhibit evidence that family caregiving (FC) jeopardizes their health (Bradley, 2003; Son, Erno, Shea, Femia, Zarit, & Stephens, 2007). The impact of FC on caregivers' lives is primarily influenced by the type and intensity of the care they provide. Greater intensity of FC produces greater physical, emotional, and financial consequences for family caregivers (NAC & AARP, 2004).
Several studies demonstrate how professional caregivers interface with chronically ill, older adults (De Geest, 2009), but most studies of CI or FC isolate the experiences of family caregivers and their care recipients (Tally & Crews, 2007; Murray, 2007; Thompson, Hunter, Murray, Ninci, Rolfs, & Pallikkathayil, 2008; De Geest, 2009). Although FC is inextricably linked to the diagnosis, treatment and course of CI, a clear connection between these two constructs is lacking in the literature.
The study's purpose was to validate parallel structures in a deductive model connecting the constructs of CI and FC. Data used to validate the model's parallel structures were obtained from participants in a caregiver support group.
Theoretical Framework
The CI-FC Interaction Model (see Figure 1) began as a class project for undergraduate and graduate nursing students taking courses in gerontology, family health, theory, research, and health care policy. Students and professors analyzed both qualitative and quantitative research studies related to CI or FC. In these studies, recipients of FC included adult and pediatric patients with such life-threatening and chronic conditions as cancer, dementia, heart failure, schizophrenia, and end stage renal disease (Bakas, Lewis & Parsons, 2001; Brown & Stetz, 1999; Coyne, 1997; Lim & Ahn, 2003; Rungreangkulkiu & Gilliss, 2000; Sterling, Peterson & Weekes, 1997; Winslow, 1997). The contexts included hospitals, home care, and long-term care facilities. Students were urged to cull conceptual relationships between the constructs of CI and FC. See Table 1 for concepts and subconcepts.
Dluhy's (1995) method for mapping knowledge in CI inspired model development. Following Dluhy's method, hundreds of FC and CI studies were reviewed. Evidence from these studies revealed 6 major concepts for each construct. The concepts were revised and reorganized many times and became the basis for a mid-range theory, the CI-FC Interaction Model (Walket, 2001).
Chronic illness. Although some studies about CI dealt with the topic optimistically, as experiencing "health within illness" (Lindsey, 1996) or "making meaning of disability" (Gordon, Feldman & Crose, 1998; Youngkhill& McCormick, 2002), most regarded CI as a difficult, if not insurmountable, life challenge for patients and families. …


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NOTES D'ÉTUDES ET DE RECHERCHE DIRECTION GÉNÉRALE DES ÉTUDES ET DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES PRICE SETTING IN THE EURO AREA: SOME STYLISED FACTS FROM INDIVIDUAL PRODUCER PRICE DATA Philip Vermeulen, Daniel Dias, Maarten Dossche, Erwan Gautier, Ignacio Hernando, Roberto Sabbatini, Harald Stahl February 2007 NER - E # 164
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DIRECTION GÉNÉRALE DES ÉTUDES ET DES RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES DIRECTION DE LA RECHERCHE PRICE SETTING IN THE EURO AREA: SOME STYLISED FACTS FROM INDIVIDUAL PRODUCER PRICE DATA Philip Vermeulen, Daniel Dias, Maarten Dossche, Erwan Gautier, Ignacio Hernando, Roberto Sabbatini, Harald Stahl February 2007 NER - E # 164 Les Notes d'Études et de Recherche reflètent les idées personnelles de leurs auteurs et n'expriment pas nécessairement la position de la Banque de France. Ce document est disponible sur le site internet de la Banque de France « www.banque-france.fr ». Working Papers reflect the opinions of the authors and do not necessarily express the views of the Banque de France. This document is available on the Banque de France Website "www.banque-france.fr".
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1 Price setting in the euro area: Some stylised facts from Individual Producer Price Data1 _______________________________ Philip Vermeulen, Daniel Dias, Maarten Dossche, Erwan Gautier, Ignacio Hernando, Roberto Sabbatini, Harald Stahl2 1 The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of neither the ECB nor the National Central Bank to which they are affiliated. This paper is based on a set of studies, each related to a euro area country, conducted in the context of a Eurosystem research project (Inflation Persistence Network, hereafter IPN). The authors belong to the ECB and to the National Central Banks that have been involved in a research sub-group of the IPN devoted to the analysis of micro producer prices. The contribution of many other members of this research group and co-authors of country studies, (Luis Álvarez, Pablo Burriel, David Cornille, Monica Dias, Silvia Fabiani, Angela Gatulli, Claire Loupias, Pedro Neves, Patrick Sevestre and Giovanni Veronese), without whom this study would not have been possible, is strongly acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank the national statistical institutes for providing the data, and the many members of the IPN and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. 2 Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com Authors affiliations: European Central Bank (Philip Vermeulen), Banco de Portugal (Daniel Dias), National Bank of Belgium (Maarten Dossche), Banque de France (Erwan Gautier), Banco de España (Ignacio Hernando), Banca d'Italia (Roberto Sabbatini), Deutsche Bundesbank (Harald Stahl) Correspondant Banque de France : Erwan Gautier (email@example.com)
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2Résumé Cet article résume un ensemble d'études sur la fixation des prix à la production menées dans 6 pays de la zone euro: Allemagne, France, Italie, Espagne, Belgique et Portugal. Il rassemble les résultats obtenus dans chacune des études nationales et de nouveaux résultats pour la zone euro. Ces études utilisent des données de relevés de prix mensuels. Cinq faits stylisés apparaissent communs à l'ensemble des pays. Les prix à la production changent assez peu fréquemment : chaque mois environ 21% des prix sont modifiés. La fréquence des changements de prix est très hétérogène entre les secteurs : les prix changent très fréquemment dans l'énergie, moins souvent dans les secteurs de l'alimentaire et les biens intermédiaires et assez rarement dans les secteurs des biens durables et des autres biens finis. L'hétérogénéité entre les pays est plus faible et les différences dans le degré de flexibilité entre les secteurs sont communes à l'ensemble des pays. Il n'y a pas de rigidité à la baisse des prix à la production : 45% des changements de prix sont des baisses et 55% des hausses. L'ampleur des changements de prix est assez importante comparée au taux d'inflation. Cet article examine aussi les différents facteurs pouvant expliquer les changements de prix. La structure des coûts, la concurrence, la saisonnalité, l'inflation et les prix « psychologiques » jouent tous un rôle dans la décision de changement de prix. Enfin, les prix à la production semblent plus flexibles que les prix à la consommation. Codes JEL : E31, D40, C25 Mots-clé : Fixation des prix, prix à la production Abstract This paper documents producer price setting in 6 countries of the euro area: Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium and Portugal. It collects evidence from available studies on each of those countries and also provides new evidence. These studies use monthly producer price data. The following five stylised facts emerge consistently across countries. First, producer prices change infrequently: each month around 21% of prices change. Second, there is substantial cross-sector heterogeneity in the frequency of price changes: prices change very often in the energy sector, less often in food and intermediate goods and least often in non-durable non- food and durable goods. Third, countries have a similar ranking of industries in terms of frequency of price changes. Fourth, there is no evidence of downward nominal rigidity: price changes are for about 45% decreases and 55% increases. Fifth, price changes are sizeable compared to the inflation rate. The paper also examines the factors driving producer price changes. It finds that costs structure, competition, seasonality, inflation and attractive pricing all play a role in driving producer price changes. In addition producer prices tend to be more flexible than consumer prices. JEL Codes: E31, D40, C25 Keywords: Price-setting, producer prices
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3 Résumé non-technique Cet article résume un ensemble d'études sur la fixation des prix à la production menées dans 6 pays de la zone euro: Allemagne, France, Italie, Espagne, Belgique et Portugal. Il rassemble les résultats obtenus dans chacune des études nationales de l' « Inflation Persistence Network » (un réseau de recherche de l'Eurosystème) et de nouveaux résultats pour la zone euro. Les données microéconomiques de relevés de prix à la production utilisées pour construire les indices de prix à la production ont été mobilisées dans ces études. Les cinq faits stylisés suivants apparaissent communs à l'ensemble des pays considérés : 1. Les prix à la production changent assez peu fréquemment: chaque mois environ 21% des prix sont modifiés. 2. Il existe une importante hétérogénéité dans la fréquence des changements de prix entre les secteurs : les prix changent très fréquemment dans l'énergie, un peu moins souvent dans les secteurs de l'alimentaire et les biens intermédiaires et encore moins souvent dans les secteurs des biens durables et des autres biens finis. 3. L'hétérogénéité entre les pays est plus faible et les différences dans le degré de flexibilité entre les secteurs sont communes à l'ensemble des pays. 4. Il n'y a pas de rigidité à la baisse des prix à la production : 45% des changements de prix sont des baisses et 55% des hausses. 5. L'ampleur des changements de prix est assez importante comparée au taux d'inflation. Cet article examine aussi les différents facteurs pouvant expliquer les changements de prix comme la structure des coûts, la concurrence, la saisonnalité, l'inflation et les prix « psychologiques ». Nous montrons ainsi qu'une part du coût du travail dans les coûts de production plus importante conduit à des fréquences de changements de prix plus faibles. Au contraire, une part plus importante des consommations intermédiaires hors énergie et énergie correspond à des fréquences de changements de prix plus importantes. Nous obtenons aussi qu'une concurrence plus élevée est associée à des prix plus flexibles. Le taux d'inflation est positivement corrélé avec les fréquences de changements de prix. Nous trouvons enfin que les changements de prix sont plus fréquents en janvier et qu'ils sont moins nombreux en août et décembre.
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4 Enfin, nous effectuons une comparaison de la rigidité des prix à la production et des prix à la consommation. Nous trouvons que les prix à la production semblent plus flexibles que les prix à la consommation. Ces nouveaux résultats permettent de mieux comprendre la fixation des prix à la production et doivent aider la modélisation macroéconomique à mieux comprendre les effets de la politique monétaire.
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5Non-technical summary In this paper, we document producer price setting in 6 countries of the euro area: Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium and Portugal. We collect evidence from available studies of the Inflation Persistence Network (a network of researchers of the Eurosystem) on each of those countries and also provide new evidence. These studies use monthly producer price data from price records used to construct official producer price indexes. The following five stylised facts emerge consistently across countries: 1. Producer prices change infrequently: each month around 21% of prices change. 2. There is substantial cross-sector heterogeneity in the frequency of price changes: prices change very often in the energy sector, less often in food and intermediate goods and least often in non-durable non- food and durable goods. 3. Countries have a similar ranking of industries in terms of frequency of price changes. 4. There is no evidence of downward nominal rigidity: price changes are for about 45% decreases and 55% increases. 5. Price changes are sizeable compared to the inflation rate. We also examine the factors driving producer price changes such as costs structure, competition, seasonality, inflation and attractive pricing. In particular, we find that a higher share of labour costs in the total cost of manufacturing the product corresponds to a lower frequency of price changes where on the contrary, a higher share of non-energy intermediate inputs and of energy goods correspond to a higher frequency of price adjustments. We also find that a higher degree of competition is associated with more flexible prices and that higher inflation is positively correlated with a higher frequency of price adjustment. We also show that price changes occur more often in January. By contrast, price changes tend to occur less over the summer months, particularly in August, and in December. In addition we compare producer prices with consumer prices. We find that producer price tend to be more flexible than consumer prices. This indicates that the retail level adds an additional level of stickiness to prices above the producer level. The new results in this paper broaden our understanding of producer price setting and should help macro economic modelling and ultimately be beneficial for conducting monetary policy.
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6 1. INTRODUCTION During the period from 2003 to 2005, the Eurosystem embarked on a wide study of inflation persistence and price stickiness in the euro area (Inflation Persistence Network, IPN). The IPN analysed price setting practices in the euro area by looking at various databases never exploited in previous empirical research. In particular, micro consumer prices were analysed (Dhyne et al., 2006) as well as information on price setting was collected through firms' surveys (Fabiani et al., 2006). This paper presents a set of new empirical insights in producer price behaviour based on the analysis of detailed micro data provided for the first time by National Statistical Institutes. It brings together results obtained in national studies and it produces empirical evidence for the euro area as a whole, based on a coordinated approach. The approach and the structure of the paper is closely related to the complementary analysis of consumer prices by Dhyne et al. (2006); similarly, its main scope is to collect the stylized facts on producer price setting that can be derived from the analysis of the available data. The emphasis of the paper is on the rigidity of prices. How rigid are producer prices? Do they change often or not? The existent literature on the nature of consumer price setting (Cecchetti, 1986; Kashyap 1995) for a limited set of goods has recently been revived by new evidence stemming from much broader datasets spanning the U.S. and Euro area CPI (Bils and Klenow, 2004; Dhyne et al., 2006). The general finding of those studies is that consumer prices are relatively rigid. Whereas consumer prices are of course relevant for the monitoring of inflation by central banks, it is the prices at the producer level that are ultimately modelled in economists macro-economic models. For instance, rigidity of prices measured by the frequency of price setting is a key element of new Keynesian models that traditionally describe producers as Calvo price-setters (Yun, 1996). A deeper knowledge of producer price setting should help macro economic modelling and ultimately be beneficial for conducting monetary policy. This paper describes the characteristics of producer price setting behaviour based on price records used to construct official producer price indexes. Where they are relevant, complementary findings from one-time surveys of producers are mentioned. In the first part, the behaviour of individual product prices at the establishment level is investigated. The empirical assessment of the periodicity and size of individual price changes using micro price
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7data has been scarce and partial until very recently, due to the limited amount of data available to researchers. Earlier micro-studies on price setting referred mostly to consumer prices and focused on a very limited number of products. The evidence based on individual producer prices is even scarcer. Stigler and Kindahl (1970) and Carlton (1986), analysing transaction prices of intermediate products used in manufacturing, are among the few micro-studies on producer prices. Carlton's (1986) findings indicate quite rigid producer prices. A larger literature studies the managerial decision making processes and practices that are involved with price changes of producers. For instance, the work by Bergen et al. (2003), and Zbaracki et al. (2004) shows that changing prices is a quite involved process that often includes costly information gathering, decision making, communication and customer costs, at least for large enterprises. This could explain the observed rigidity. More recently, in the context of the IPN, some researchers have exploited the large-scale data sets of individual prices underlying the official Producer Price Index (PPI). In particular, the statistical offices of Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium and Portugal allowed researchers to investigate individual price records under strict confidentiality agreements. In this paper their findings on the behaviour of individual producer prices are collected and presented uniformly. The paper is structured as follows. Section 2 presents the main characteristics of the databases. Section 3 provides a set of stylized facts on producer prices that can be derived from the data. Section 4 analyses the determinants of producer price changes. Section 5 compares the flexibility of producer prices with consumer prices. Section 6 concludes. 2. MICRO QUANTITATIVE PRODUCER PRICES FOR THE EURO AREA The statistical offices of individual countries collect monthly price records on individual products at the establishment level to construct the producer price index at the industry and country level. The monthly collection by the statistical offices of price records of products sold by all domestic establishments is done by means of a statistical survey, that is, price records are obtained from a representative sample of establishments and products. The national indices constructed on the basis of the individual price data are further aggregated to obtain euro area wide producer price indices. In Europe, the price record data collection is harmonized by a Directive (that is a European law) of the European Union. In
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8particular, the methodological manual from Eurostat (Eurostat, 2002) explains that the following rules apply for the collection of prices by the statistical offices: • The appropriate price is the ex-factory price including all duties and taxes except value added tax (VAT). • All price-determining characteristics of the products are taken into account, including quantity of units sold, transport provided, rebates, service conditions, guarantee conditions and destination. The specification of the product must be such that in subsequent reference periods, the establishment is able uniquely to identify the product and to provide the appropriate price per unit of the product. • The prices are actual transaction prices, not list prices. • The price collected in period t should refer to orders booked during period t not the moment when the commodities leave the factory gate. • If transport costs are included, this should be part of the product specification. All statistical offices apply these rules so that price records are comparable across countries. Notwithstanding the above, we are aware that statistical offices are likely not to be able to follow strictly the guidelines for all products at all times (e.g. a list price might be used if no transaction occurred during the month); consequently, there might be some random variation left due to procedures internal to statistical offices, we are not aware of. There might also be some random variation (and even errors) in the reporting by establishments. Note for instance that the guidelines from Eurostat for the price record taking do not say anything about whether the establishment has to follow the same customer over time (if possible). Some establishments with long term relationships may report prices for the same product and the same customer, month after month (so that prices might not change much), whereas other establishments may have varying customers month after month. Although it is a priori possible that part of the differences across countries in the statistics provided in this paper could be due to methodological rather than economic differences, we do not believe this to be a major issue. In addition, as it will be shown below, the fact that statistics are remarkably similar across countries is reassuring of the possibility of deriving broad stylized facts that are relatively robust for the euro area as a whole. In all countries, researchers were able to follow the price of a product at a particular establishment.
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9Price records in all countries contained at least the following information: the actual price, a product code, an establishment code, a code indicating product replacement, and the year and the month of the record. By following prices for a given product from the same establishment, price trajectories are observed. The product code for Germany, France, Italy Belgium and Portugal is the PRODCOM code, which is the official classification code of products produced within the European Union, whereas for Spain it is a numeric sub-variety code which prevents identification of the specific product for the researcher. Monthly quantitative price records, namely individual price trajectories, that is sequences of price quotes for a specific product from a specific establishment, were made available for Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Belgium and Portugal, all together accounting for a weight of around 87% of the euro area PPI. Researchers in these countries had access to nearly the complete set of micro data underlying the computation of the national PPI, with the exception of Italy where only a representative subset of price records referred to 60 products was made available. A complete and detailed description of each national database is provided in country analyses (Table 1). Table 1 - Coverage of the national databases Country Paper Percentage of PPI basket covered in the national analysis Period covered Belgium Cornille and Dossche (2006) 83 January 2001- January 2005 France Gautier (2006) 92 January 1994- June 2005 Germany Stahl (2006) 100 January 1997 - February 2003 Italy Sabbatini et al. (2005) 441 January 1997- December 2002 Portugal Dias, Dias and Neves (2004) Almost 100 January 1995 – December 2000 Spain Álvarez et al. (2005) 99.4 November 1991 - February 1999 (1) Estimated on the basis of 3-digit weights (see Sabbatini et al., 2005) For all countries, each individual price record corresponds to a precisely defined product, manufactured by a particular establishment in a particular month and year. The products included in the PPI basket can be classified in 6 different product categories: food products, non-durable non-food products, durable products, intermediate goods, energy and capital goods. Appendix A contains the classification of NACE-3 digit industries into those 6 groups.
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10Before analysing the characteristics of the price setting behaviour in the euro area, it is useful to recall in which inflation environment this study takes place. The average yearly inflation, as measured by the aggregate producer price index over the period of the respective databases was 1.0% in Germany, 0.7% in France, 1.5% in Italy, 2.1% in Spain, 1.5% in Belgium and 1.7% in Portugal. Hence in all countries this was a low inflation period. However it has to be kept in mind that average inflation hides the fact that PPI inflation is generally quite volatile from month to month. 3. THE CROSS-SECTIONAL AND TIME SERIES PATTERNS OF PRODUCER PRICE CHANGES This section presents a set of stylised facts on the cross-sectional and time series patterns of producer price changes in the euro area. The main statistic used is the monthly frequency of price changes, whose magnitude is compared across countries and industries. The monthly frequency of price changes can be defined as the share of prices that are changed in a given month. Say 100 establishments provide the prices of bricks of clay in month t-1 and month t. If 20 of the prices differ from t to t-1, the frequency of price changes of bricks of clay in month t is 0.20. Clearly, the frequency of price changes can be calculated at different levels of aggregation across good categories (for individual products such as "bricks of clay", for items belonging to the same category such as "NACE 264, Manufacture of bricks tiles and construction products, in baked clay", for higher aggregate categories such as NACE 26 "Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products", in the extreme case for all manufactured goods) and across time periods. A specific problem arises when calculating frequencies at different levels of aggregation: frequencies at higher levels of aggregation are derived by weighting those calculated at lower levels of aggregation. For instance, the frequency of price changes at aggregate NACE 26 is calculated as a weighted average of the frequencies of the subgroups of NACE 26, that is NACE 261, NACE 262, and so on up to NACE 268. Furthermore, the frequency of each of those subgroups, say NACE 264, is a weighted average of the frequencies of the products belonging to the subgroup NACE 264. At the lowest level of aggregation usually no weights are available, so that all products in that subgroup get the same weight. All statistics in this paper are calculated using country specific PPI weights. Country PPI weights differ as countries do not have the same industrial structure; that is some products or product
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11categories are produced more in some countries than in other countries. In Appendix B we present more formally how the frequency of price changes has been computed. The frequency of price changes of a particular product or product group provides condensed information on the outcome of price setting. Clearly it has to be interpreted with caution, since the frequency may not be independent of the causes of price changes. If a particular product has a very low frequency of price changes this could be due to the fact that it is not flexible at all (that is it does not react promptly to causes) or that it does not need to be adjusted since the underlying factors driving the price level do not change. Fact 1 – Producer prices change rather infrequently. The frequency of monthly price changes ranges from 0.15 in Italy to 0.25 in France. Table 2 provides the (average weighted) frequency of price changes for all goods. We find an average frequency of price changes for the euro area of 21%, higher than the average frequency of price changes of 15% found by Dhyne et al. (2006) for consumer prices. The reference to average frequencies is, however, not a reliable indication of the differences in the degree of price stickiness, as the composition of the CPI and PPI baskets differs considerably. A detailed comparison of frequency differences between consumer and producer goods is given in section 5. The frequency of Germany, France, Spain, Belgium and Portugal are all lying in a narrow interval between 0.21 and 0.25. The highest frequency occurs in France (0.25), the lowest in Italy (0.15). However, for Italy energy products are excluded, whereas they usually have the highest frequency of price changes; this narrows the above range, implying that the average weighted frequency across euro area countries is very similar. However, the lower frequency of Italy cannot be fully explained by the absence of energy products. In fact, as we discuss later, the frequency of price changes for different product categories tends to be smaller in Italy than in the Euro area (table 3). Moreover, when looking at 19 different 2 digit NACE industries, 16 have a higher frequency in Germany than in Italy, so that it appears that producer prices in Italy are somewhat stickier.
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12Table 2: Frequency of price changes all goods Frequency Frequency of price increases Frequency of price decreases Belgium 0.24 0.13 0.11 France Germany Italy1 0.25 0.14 0.11 0.22 0.12 0.10 0.15 0.09 0.07 Portugal 0.23 0.14 0.10 Spain 0.21 0.12 0.09 Euro area2 0.21 0.12 0.10 (1) Energy prices are excluded. – (2) The euro area is calculated using the relative weights of total industry producer price index of the euro area (domestic). Fact 2 – There is a substantial degree of heterogeneity in the frequency of price changes across industries, which can be classified in three broad classes. Price changes are very frequent for energy products, relatively frequent for food and intermediate products and relatively infrequent for capital goods, non-durable non-food and durable products. Table 3 shows the frequency of price changes according to 6 product categories. From this table it is clear that the frequency of price changes is heterogeneous across and within main industrial groupings and across countries. Energy prices change most frequently in all countries, which is due to oil products in the energy component. The euro area frequency of price changes for energy is 72%. Food prices, with a euro area frequency of 27% as well as intermediate goods, with a euro area frequency of 22 %, also change quite often. On the contrary, capital goods prices (euro area frequency of 9%), non-durable non- food (euro area frequency of 11%) and durable goods prices (euro area frequency of 10%) change least frequently. The fact that energy prices change most frequently is likely due to volatile supply. When looked into more detail it seems that there are frequent price changes for products that are simple and have not undergone a series of transformations. This is consistent with the observation in Bils and Klenow (2004) that prices of raw goods are changed more often than processed goods. This implies that the costs of those products are closely linked to the corresponding raw material price which is presumable set daily on exchanges. A case is, for example, the frequency of price changes of "flour" and "bread": such frequencies are above 40% and equal to 6%, respectively, both in Italy and in Portugal. Other products with
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13generally high frequency of price changes are, for instance, textile fibers, paper and paper board, veneer sheets, plywood, dairy products, non-ferrous metals, metal wires, sugar, coffee, etc. All these products have undergone little transformation from input to end product. The heterogeneity of price changes across industries seems therefore akin to the heterogeneity across products and product groups found by Dhyne et al. (2006). For instance, in the CPI, energy prices, and unprocessed food have the highest frequency, two categories of products that have undergone little transformation. On the other hand, capital goods, non-durable non-food and durable products generally consist of a whole series of inputs such as raw materials, labour, R&D, etc. Table 3 – Frequency of price change by product category (1) Non- durable Durable Food non- food products Intermediate products Energy Capital goods Belgium 0.20 0.11 0.14 0.28 0.50 0.13 France Germany 0.32 0.10 0.13 0.23 0.66 0.12 0.26 0.14 0.10 0.23 0.94 0.10 Italy 0.27 0.10 0.07 0.18 na 0.05 Portugal 0.21 0.05 0.18 0.12 0.66 na Spain 0.24 0.10 0.10 0.28 0.38 0.08 Euro area 0.27 0.11 0.10 0.22 0.72 0.09 (1) For each component, the euro area figure is computed as the average of the national results, weighted with the national weights of the considered sub-index in the euro area PPI. The average weighted frequency of price changes masks a lot of heterogeneity across product groups. To document this heterogeneity, the frequency of price changes was calculated at the 2-digit industry level for each country according to the NACE classification (from NACE 15 to NACE 36). The distribution of those 2-digit industry level frequencies, for all countries jointly (unweighted), is represented in Figure 1.3 The mode of the distribution is around 0.09. The distribution also shows large outliers of high frequencies. The highest frequencies of price change correspond to "Manufacture of refined petroleum products" (NACE 23) (frequencies above 85%) and "Manufacture of basic metals" (NACE 27) (frequencies above 50%). The distribution is wide for all countries. This is illustrated in Table 4 which reports country specific minimum and maximum two digit industry level frequencies of price changes as well as the country specific standard deviation of the distribution of the two-digit
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Reading over some of the bb today I see many weary of the next short attack, or the next downturn. Shorts are down to a million as of a week ago, and I'll bet they are even lower now. A new focus has ORT in reversal uptrend mode, new Bd members with impecable credentials, Veolia sending in a heavyweitght to make sure RB doesn't screw up any more, and to ENSURE ORT SURVIVES SO AS TO PROTECT THE MEGA MILLIONS VEOLIA AND ORT WILL MAKE IN THE FUTURE ON RMR, Agm soon, more NRs in the near future, Commissioning at any time a possiblity, new investors drinking the coolaide, what more do you want. This baby is moving back up!!! Major resistance in the 1.20 to 1.30 range. If we break those numbers, we are majorly off and running.. Keep the faith. Veolia sure has a lot of faith in ORT, why shouldn't we!!!!!


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