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MILFORD, Mass., Nov. 17, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- SeraCare Life Sciences, Inc. (NASDAQ: SRLS), a global life sciences company providing vital products and services to facilitate the discovery, development and production of human diagnostics and therapeutics, today reported financial results for its 2011 fiscal fourth quarter and year ended September 30, 2011.
(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20110324/NE70714LOGO)
"During the fourth quarter, we drove an improvement in the direction of our product sales, halting a four-quarter trend of year-over-year declines," said Greg Gould, Interim President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. "We believe this improvement is a direct result of our new sales strategy. Specifically, we executed on a high-touch customer interaction initiative to educate key accounts on the full scope of our product portfolio and to deliver exceptional service—resulting in new sales opportunities from existing customers. In addition, we continued to expand our offerings by introducing 12 new products designed to improve patient care during the quarter. We introduced 24 new products in fiscal 2011.
"While, as anticipated, revenues are down in comparison to fiscal year 2010, we have made significant progress in our underlying business operations," said Gould. "We are confident that the actions we're taking and the momentum we are generating will lead to improved top and bottom line financial performance in 2012."
For the quarter ended September 30, 2011, SeraCare reported revenue of $11.0 million, a 17.3 percent decrease compared to $13.3 million in revenue for the quarter ended September 30, 2010. Gross margins remained relatively flat at 39.0 percent, compared to 39.1 percent for the same quarter in the prior year. The Company reported a net loss of $831,000, or ($0.04) per share on a basic and diluted ba
|SOURCE SeraCare Life Sciences, Inc.
Copyright©2010 PR Newswire.
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Sundance Institute to Host Week of Creative Film Producing Initiatives, 7/29-8/4
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Andre's "suffering"
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25-04-2013, 11:45
Azura's Star
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Join Date: May 2011
Posts: 2,881
Originally Posted by
Worth a watch then? Might watch it on catch-up.
I think it needs to be seen in context. I think PA handled it really well & barely said anything, he certainly said nothing judgemental.
I don't think people on here are grasping the whole 'reality show' premise.
Do people seriously think this is the only & main conversation he has had with his kids about this impending baby?
I don't see why he shouldn't mention it. It's there. It's real life. Why should he hide it? 'My mum's having a baby, I want it to be a boy" "Oh good".
Big deal. He could have really used this to get at KP, but he hasn't.
I actually thought that the entire premise of a reality show was that none of it was real.
I don't believe that was the only conversation that PA had with Junior about KP's new baby (and it was quite nice to see that Junior is looking forward to a new brother /sister).
If what PA said has been accurately reported, then I really don't think he said anything wrong.
What I think is utterly wrong is the fact that he allowed the conversation to be included in the programme at all. I just don't see why it was necessary - unless it was yet another shameless attempt by PA to show us just what a great guy and fantastic father he thinks he is.
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- 75% Sensura polyester/25% Stretch nylon
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 26, 2000
|Filing date
|May 1, 1998
|Priority date
|Aug 25, 1995
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Shiaonung Su
|Original Assignee
|Avery Dennison Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (19), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (29), Classifications (32), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/701,767, filed Aug. 26, 1996 U.S. Pat. No. 5,969,069, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/519,570, filed Aug. 25, 1995 abandoned, the contents of both applications being incorporated by reference herein.
This invention relates to water-activatable polymers that are ink jet imprintable and can be used for adhesive image transfer, and constructions made with such polymers.
Labels, tapes and similar constructions are ubiquitous in modern society. Many such constructions include a release liner coated with adhesive, such as a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), which is laminated to a paper or film face stock. Removal of the release liner allows the construction--face stock coated with adhesive--to be adhered to a substrate.
Most PSAs are tacky when dry and cannot readily be used with ink jet printers. Moreover, such PSAs typically are not hydrophilic, making it difficult to print on them directly with water-based ink jet printer inks. Instead, only the face stock or liner is ink-receptive. The unsuitability of such PSAs for use in ink jet printers is compounded by the tendency of the adhesives to block the printer ports in the printers.
Although attempts have been made to formulate water-activatable adhesives, many of the adhesives produced to date have been rubber-based and, therefore, subject to oxidative and UV degradation. Many rubber-based and other adhesives have been solvent borne, and thus objectional for environmental, health and safety reasons. The following patents are representative. U.S. Pat. No.3,681,179 to Theissen discloses a solar control film construction having a water-activatable adhesive system comprising a film coated with a normally tacky and pressure-sensitive adhesive, which is covered by a thin, tack-free, continuous water-soluble layer. A tack-free emulsion acrylic adhesive is not disclosed.
European Patents Nos. 199,468 and 297,451 describe a method for compounding water-activatable hot melt adhesives comprising polyaklylenimine or other vinyl heterocyclicmonomers, a hydroxy-substituted organic compound, a plastizier, tackifier, and This paper or fee is being deposited with the filler, and an antioxidant. No mention is made of making water-activatable emulsion acrylic adhesives.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,331,576 and 4,325,581 to Pickering disclose common water-soluble hot melt adhesives based on polymers containing vinyl pyrrolidone and other heterocyclic monomers. Emulsion acrylics are not disclosed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,052,368 to Larson and U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,824 to Harrington describe water sensitive hot melt adhesives including polyester-based adhesives which typically comprise a copolyester in combination with a plasticizer. The systems are not emulsion acrylics.
None of the above-identified patents disclose or suggest the possibility of making a hydrophilic, acrylic emulsion polymer that is non-tacky when dry and water-activatable to become an adhesive, and that can be used in a "label-less" or "liner-less" construction, i.e., respectively, a construction in which either a face stock or a liner is not required.
In accordance with the present invention, there are provided water-receptive, water-dispersible, acrylic polymers that are non-tacky when dry but become tacky when wet, and which are particularly useful as water-activatable adhesives for image transfer constructions. In one embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises an acrylic-based polymer prepared by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising, based on the total weight of monomers, from about 40 to 70% by weight of one or more alkyl acrylates, the alkyl group of which has from 4 to about 8 carbon atoms; from about 5 to 15% by weight of methyl acrylate; from about 7 to about 17% by weight of vinyl acetate; and from about 10 to 25% by weight of methacrylic acid and/or acrylic acid.
Despite having moderate glass transition temperatures (e.g., from about -20� C. to 0� C. in some formulations), the polymers can be cast as continuous films that, when dry, are non-tacky to the touch at room temperature, but when exposed to moisture, such as the water in an ink jet printer ink, become tacky. Films cast from the emulsion polymers are water-receptive or hydrophilic, repulpable, water-activatable and transparent to visible light. They can be directly printed upon using a water-based ink and, after activation and adhesion to a substrate, can be removed from a substrate by application of water. They are particularly useful as ink jet-imprintable polymers for convertible, decorative adhesive image sheets and similar constructions, and provide up to 100% image transfer at room temperature, using manual pressure. In contrast, most commercially available image transfer sheets provide no more than about 60 to 80% image transfer.
In another aspect of the invention, an ink jet-imprintable, water-activatable adhesive construction is provided. In one embodiment, the construction comprises at least one layer of water-activatable acrylic polymers, coated on at least one water-impermeable layer, such as a layer of UV varnish, which is applied to a coated or uncoated flexible backing (i.e., a release liner). A continuous, water-soluble, protective detack layer is coated on the water-activatable acrylic polymer layer(s). The water-activatable layer is non-tacky when dry, but becomes tacky when exposed to water. Consequently, when printed with a water-based ink jet printer ink, the detack layer dissolves within the region of the printed image, and the polymer layer(s) become tacky within the region of the printed image, but not in other regions that were not directly printed on. The construction is useful as a label or decorative image sheet, and is applied to an object or surface by adhering the water-activated polymer (which is now tacky) to the object and, removing some or all of the flexible substrate or liner.
Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from a consideration of the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
The FIGURE is a schematic, cross-sectional illustration of one embodiment of an ink jet-imprintable, water-activatable construction prepared in accordance with the present invention.
The present invention provides acrylic polymers that are non-tacky when dry, yet hydrophilic, water-dispersible, and water-activatable--even by a small amount of moisture, such as the water in the ink of a personal ink jet printer--and become tacky and functional as a pressure-sensitive adhesive. When applied to a substrate, the activated adhesives adhere to the substrate yet are removable by further application of water. Advantageously, the adhesives are receptive to the inks used in ink jet printers, including colored inks, and are transparent to visible light. The adhesives may also be receptive to inks containing metal flakes or pigments.
In one embodiment of the invention, the acrylic polymers are prepared by emulsion polymerization of a monomer mixture comprising, on a percent by weight basis, based on the total weight of monomers (a) from about 40 to 70% of at least one alkyl acrylate having an alkyl group containing 4 to about 8 carbon atoms, with a mixture of two such alkyl acrylates being preferred; (b) from about 5 to 15% of methyl acrylate; (c) from about 5 to 20% of vinyl acetate; and (d) from about 5 to 25% of one or more of methacrylic acid and acrylic acid, with a mixture of the two--e.g., from about 1 to 5% methacrylic acid and from about 5 to 20% acrylic acid--being more preferred.
In a presently preferred embodiment (Example 2, below), the monomer mixture contains no methyl methacrylate. In other embodiments, the monomer mixture can include up to about 5% by weight, more preferably less than about 3.5% by weight, of methyl methacrylate, based on the total weight of monomers.
As stated above, it is preferred to employ a mixture of alkyl acrylates as the first monomeric component. Useful alkyl acrylates include n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, and the like. A mixture of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and butyl acrylate is preferred. Similarly, it is preferred to employ a mixture of acrylic and methacrylic acid as the fourth monomeric component of the polymers. The acid monomers impart polarity and hydrophilicity to the resulting polymers.
The identity and relative amounts of monomers used to form the polymers are selected so that the polymers have a sufficiently high glass transition temperature (Tg) and/or other properties (e.g., high plateau modulus) such that the polymers are non-tacky to the touch at room temperature, when dry. To that end, it is preferred to use a substantial amount of vinyl acetate and/or the acid monomers.
As used herein, the term "non-tacky to the touch" means that the copolymers, when cast as a film and dried, do not feel sticky, under conditions of room temperature (about 20-25� C.) and normal relative humidity (less than about 25% RH). The copolymers appear to remain non-tacky even at higher humidities, though, if the humidity becomes sufficiently high, the copolymers may begin to absorb atmospheric moisture and start to become tacky. A detack layer (described below) is advantageously overlaid on the copolymers to protect them from high atmospheric humidity.
In a preferred embodiment, the monomer mixture comprises, on a percent-by-weight basis, based on the total weight of monomers, from about 10 to 20% butyl acrylate; from about 40 to 60% 2-ethylhexy acrylate; from about 5 to 15% methyl acrylate; from about 10 to 20% vinyl acetate; from about 5 to 20% acrylic acid; and from about 1 to 5% methacrylic acid. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the monomer amounts are, approximately, 12% butyl acrylate, 48% 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; 9% methyl acrylate; 12% vinyl acetate; 16% acrylic acid; and 3% methacrylic acid.
The water-activatable acrylic copolymers are prepared by free-radical emulsion polymerization, preferably in an oxygen-free environment, in the presence of suitable polymerization initiators and emulsifiers (surfactants). Enough surfactant is included to form a stable emulsion without causing phase separation. One or more activators, redox agents and chain transfer agents also are preferably employed in the preparation of the polymers.
Although a variety of nonionic, anionic, and/or cationic surfactants can be used to prepare the acrylic copolymers, it is preferred to employ a mixture of two or more surfactants, for example, Disponil FES77, a sodium lauryl ether sulfate surfactant, available from Henkel of America, Inc. (King of Prussia, Pa.); TSPP (sodium pyrophosphate), available from J. T. Baker (Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc., Phillipsburg, N.J.); and Aerosol OT-75, a sodium dioctyl sulfusccinate surfactant, available from American Cyanamid (Wayne, N.J.). Other nonlimiting examples of useful surfactants include cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, available from Aldrich (Milwaukee, Wis.); AR-150, a nonionic, ethoxylated rosin acid emulsifier available from Hercules, Inc. (Wilmington, Del.); Alipal CO-436, a sulfated nonylphenol ethoxylate available from Rhone-Poulenc; Trem LF40, a sodium alkyl allyl sulfosuccinate surfactant, available from Henkel of America, Inc.; Polystep F-9, a nonylphenol ethoxylate, and Polystep B-27, a sodium nonylphenol ethoxylated sulfate, both available from Stepan Company, Inc. (Winnetka, Ill.); and disodium ethoxylated alkyl alcohol half esters of sulfosuccinic acid, described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,221,706 (incorporated by reference herein), and available from VWR Scientific Corp., Sargent-Welch Division (Westchester, Pa.). Other surfactants include the Triton X-series of surfactants made by Union Carbide (Danbury, Conn.). In general, one probably would not employ both a cationic and an anionic surfactant in the same polymerization reaction. Anionic plus nonionic surfactant combinations, however, are readily used to prepare the emulsion copolymers described herein.
Nonlimiting examples of useful polymerization initiators include water-soluble initiators, for example, persulfates, such as sodium persulfate (Na2 S2 O8) and potassium persulfate; peroxides, such as hydrogen peroxide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP); and azo compounds, such as VAZO™ initiators; used alone or in combination with one or more reducing agents or activators, for example, bisulfites, metabisulfites, ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate (available from Henkel of America, Inc.), ferrous sulfate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, and ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Enough initiator is used to promote free-radical polymerization of the monomers.
It is also preferred to employ a small amount (e.g., from about 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of the monomers) of a chain transfer agent or other molecular weight regulator, to control average polymer chain length of the acrylic copolymers. Nonlimiting examples include n-dodecyl mercaptan (n-DDM), t-dodecyl mercaptan (t-DDM), monothioglycerol, mercapto acetates, and long chain alcohols.
The emulsion polymers are prepared with excellent conversions at a reaction temperature of around 70� C., in the presence of from about 0.5 to about 1% by weight, based on the weight of the monomers, of a persulfate or equivalent catalyst, with the monomer mixture being fed over a period of about 3 hours. Reaction pH can be adjusted by addition of sodium bicarbonate or a similar agent, to within a range of from about 4.0 to about 6.0.
While actual production techniques may vary depending upon particular monomer compositions, available equipment, and other considerations, in general, the emulsion polymers are prepared by first mixing one or more pre-emulsions containing conventional surfactants, sodium bicarbonate, and some or all of the monomers in deionized water; adding reactive surfactants and other reactor ingredients (e.g., Fe-EDTA, AR 150, hydrogen peroxide) to a reactor under nitrogen; heating the reactor to 70� C.�2� C. and then adding a pre-emulsion charge, over time (preferably in stepped or mixed feed sequences); adding an initiator charge containing, for example, potassium persulfate; continuing the pre-emulsion feeds and addition of any accelerators; adding any post-reaction charges (e.g., t-BHP, ascorbic acid, and more water); cooling the reactor contents to below 35� C.; and filtering the emulsion polymer. Before filtering the reaction mixture, a biocide, for example, Kathon LX (available as a 1.5% solution from Rohm & Haas, Philadelphia, Pa.), can be added to prevent bacterial growth.
In some embodiments, the copolymers are prepared by sequential polymerization and the monomers are allowed to react in distinct stages. To that end, separate pre-emulsions of monomers, surfactants, initiators and other components are prepared, a reactor is charged with an initial soap (surfactant) solution and catalyst (initiator) solution, a first pre-emulsion of monomers is gradually fed into the reactor, and polymerization is initiated and allowed to propagate. After polymerization of the first pre-emulsion, a second pre-emulsion of monomers is gradually fed into the reactor and polymerization continues. The result is a copolymer system of emulsified copolymer particles quite distinct from emulsion copolymers prepared by batch polymerization. Although not bound by theory, it is believed that sequential polymerization of the two monomeric pre-emulsions results in an emulsion of domain-type copolymeric particles, each having an inner core of first copolymeric composition and an outer shell or region of second copolymeric composition, partially or totally encapsulating the core.
In the examples and tables that follow, the following abbreviations are used:
______________________________________MonomersBA butyl acrylate2-EHA 2-ethylhexyl acrylateMA methyl acrylateVAc vinyl acetateAA acrylic acidMAA methacrylic acidMMA methyl methacrylateSurfactantsTSPP sodium pyrophosphateDisponil FES77 sodium lauryl ether sulfate surfactantAerosol OT-75 sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate surfactantCatalysts, initiators, and otherAWC sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylateFe-EDTA ferric salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acidt-BHP tert-butyl hydroperoxidenDDM n-dodecyl mercaptanDi-water deionized waterKathon LX 3(2H)-isothiazolone, 5-chloro-2-methyl______________________________________
Water-activatable, emulsion acrylic copolymers were prepared by sequential polymerization using the polymerization protocol described below. The monomer mixture consisted of 12% BA, 48% 2-EHA, 9% MA, 12% VAc, 16% AA, and 3% MAA, based on the total weight of monomers.
Table 1 summarizes the identities and amounts of monomers, surfactants, initiators, and other components used to prepare the acrylic copolymers of Examples 1-3.
A jacketed, multi-neck reaction vessel equipped with nitrogen inlet valve, stirrer and thermometer was charged with initial reactor charge A, and the temperature was raised to 70� C.
In separate vessels, soap solution B and monomer charges C1 and C2 were prepared. Pre-emulsions I and II were prepared by mixing one-half of soap solution B with monomer charge C1 and one-half with monomer charge C2. When the reactor temperature reached 70� C., catalyst charge D was introduced to the reactor in a single shot. At the same time, pre-emulsion I was fed into the reactor over a period of 90 minutes. Thereafter, pre-emulsion II was fed into the reactor, over a second 90 minute period. Accelerator charge E was also fed into the reactor over the course of the 180-minute period during which the monomers were introduced. Thereafter, any unreacted monomers were removed with cook-off catalyst charge F, which was introduced to the reactor over a 30-minute period. The reactor was then cooled to 35� C., and a biocide (Kathon LX) was added to the reactor as a 1.5% aqueous solution.
The resulting emulsion acrylic copolymers had a pH of from about 4.0 to 6.0; a solids content of about 50%, as determined by gravimetric analysis; a viscosity of about 12,500 cps, as determined with a Brookfield viscometer, RV (#4@12 rpm); Tg of about -17� C., as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); a gel content of about 16%; a number average molecular weight (MN) of from about 12,690 to 14,116; and a weight average molecular weight (MW) of from about 58,000 to 73,000, both MN and MW being determined by gel permeation chromatography.
Water-activatable emulsion acrylic copolymers were prepared as in Example 1, but without using sequential polymerization. Instead, a single monomer charge C was pre-emulsified and fed into the reactor over a 180-minute period. The copolymers had a pH of about 4.0 to 6.0; a 50% solids content; a viscosity of about 5,900 cps; Tg of about -17� C.; a gel content of about 28%; MN of from about 12,400 to 13,400; and MW of from about 77,000 to 86,000.
Acrylic copolymers were prepared using the sequential polymerization reaction protocol of Example 1, but the monomer charges also included methyl methacrylate. Monomer weight percentages were 12% BA, 46% 2-EHA, 8% MA, 12% VAc, 15% AA, 3% MAA, and 5% MMA. The resulting copolymers had a pH of about 4.0 to 6.0; a 52% solids content; a viscosity of about 20,000 cps; and a Tg of about -15� C. The copolymers of Example 3 exhibited poor image transfer properties, as compared to the transfer properties of Examples 1 and 2.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Polymerization Reaction Formulations Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Mass (g) Mass (g) Mass (g) Charge Charge 1 + 2, dry Charge 1, dry 1 + 2, dryReaction Component 1 2 1 + 2 basis 1 basis Charge 1 Charge 2 1 + 2 basis__________________________________________________________________________A) Initial reactor chargeDi-water 210 210 0 210 0 210 210 0Disponil FES77(32.5%) 5 5 1.6 5 1.6 5 5 1.6Fe-EDTA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1B) Soap solutionDi-water 180 180 0 180 0 180 180 0TSPP(59.7%) 2 2 1.2 2 1.2 2 2 1.2Disponil FES77 55 55 17.9 55 17.9 55 55 17.9Aerosol OT75(75%) 6 6 4.5 6 4.5 6 6 4.5C) Monomers and n-DDMBA 55.5 15.5 71 71 72 72 55.5 15.5 71 712-EHA 223 55.8 278.8 278.8 278.8 278.8 223 55.8 278.8 278 8MA 40 10 50 50 50 50 40 10 50 50VAc 70 0 70 70 70 70 70 0 70 70AA 30 62 92 92 92 92 30 62 92 92MAA 6 10 16 16 16 16 6 10 16 16MMA 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 4 28 28n-DDM 1.5 0.2 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.5 0.2 1.7 1.7D) Catalyst chargeDi-water 15 → 15 0 15 0 15 → 15 0Sodium Bicarbonate 9 → 9 9 9 9 9 → 9 9Potassium persulfate 2.25 → 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 → 2.25 2.25E) AcceleratorDi-water 80 → 80 0 80 0 80 → 80AWC 0.75 → 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 → 0.75F) Cook-off catalystt-BHP 1 1 0.7 1 0.7 1 1 0.7Di-water 2 2 0 2 0 2 2 0Ascorbic acid 0.1025 0.1025 0.1025 0.1025 0.1025 0.1025 0.1025 0.1025H) BiocideKathon LX 1.5% 0.81 0.81 0.01 0.81 0.01 0.81 0.81 0.01__________________________________________________________________________
Because the acrylic copolymers of the present invention are non-tacky to the touch when dry, evaluating their adhesive performance is problematic. Nevertheless, shear strength, 90� peel and 180� peel data were obtained for the copolymers of Example 2, using the following technique: test samples were prepared by coating the polymers on a silicone-coated release paper using a bull nose coater, and drying the adhesive for 15 minutes at 70� C. The dry coat weight was about 20 g/m2. The dried sample was then wiped with a damp paper towel, thereby activating the adhesive, and laminated to a paper face stock (50 lb/ream DSX™ paper, a bright white, uncoated paper designed for high speed converting, from Avery Dennison's Fasson Roll Division, Painesville, Ohio), and the release liner was removed. The exposed acrylic copolymer face was then wiped with a damp paper towel, thereby activating the adhesive, and then adhered to a glass or stainless steel panel, and standard shear, 90� peel, and 180� peel tests were performed.
More particularly, shear was determined in accordance with Pressure-Sensitive Tape Council (PSTC) test method #7 (6th Ed.) The overlap dimensions were 1/2 �in. 1/2 in., with a static load of 500 g. The test was conducted at room temperature at a 20 ft/min. draw rate.
90� peel was determined in accordance with PSTC test #2 (6th Ed.) The dwell time was 20 minutes and the pull rate was 12 m/min.
180� peel was determined in accordance with PSTC test #1 (6th Ed.). The dwell period was 20 minutes and the pull rate was 12 m/min.
The results of the adhesive performance tests are presented in Table 2. Failure modes, namely, paper tear, are indicated in parentheses as "pt". Peel values were determined from the untorn sections of the samples, prior to face stock failure.
TABLE 2______________________________________Adhesive Performance of Example 2Shear (min.) 90� Peel (lb/in.) 180� Peel (lb/in.)Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Glass Stainless Steel Glass______________________________________56 min.. 1.6 (pt) 1.9 (pt) 2.9 (pt) 3.6 (pt)______________________________________
Water-activatable pressure-sensitive adhesives prepared in accordance with the present invention are particularly useful as the ink-receptive adhesive component of image transfer sheets, one embodiment of which is shown in the FIGURE. The image transfer sheet 10 comprises 4 primary elements: a flexible backing 20, a water-impermeable layer or layers 40, a hydrophilic, ink-receptive, water-activatable adhesive 60, and a protective, water-soluble detach layer 80. More particularly, in a preferred embodiment, the flexible backing preferably comprises a paper sheet 20, having an outer surface 22 and an inner surface 24. A very thin layer of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) 26 is coated on the inner surface 24 of the paper sheet. A nonlimiting example of LDPE-coated paper is 92 lb. per ream coated paper sold as 9 LDMT-70 bleached/13 LDTL, available from Jen-Coat, Inc. (Wesleyan, Mass.).
Coated atop the LDPE-coated paper is a first layer 40a of water-insoluble UV varnish. The varnish can be applied as a liquid and then cured with ultraviolet (UV) light. In one embodiment, the varnish is applied at a coat weight (measured after drying) of from about 1-5 g/m2, more preferably, about 2.5 to 4.5, g/m2 . Alternatively, a thin layer (approximately 0.5 g/m2) of silicone is used in place of the UV varnish layer 40a.
A second UV varnish layer 40b, also insoluble in water, is coated on the first UV varnish layer. Because the layers 40a and 40b are applied in separate coating steps, they are separable from one another across their interface 42. The second layer of UV varnish is applied to the dried, first layer of UV varnish at a coating of about 4 to 6 g/m2.
Nonlimiting examples of UV varnishes include Envirocure UV-1801, available from Environmental Ink and Coating Corp. (Morgantown, N.C.), and Clear Coating RCA 01291R, available from Sun Chemical (Rochester, N.Y.). Envirocure UV-1801 is non-yellowing, offers good flexibility and resistance to cracking, provides rapid cure response, and provides good scuff resistance. Clear Coating RCA 01291R is light- and temperature-stable and exhibits high gloss and lay, with excellent adhesion.
A thin (approximately 0.5 g/m2) layer of silicone can be used as an alternative to the first UV varnish layer. Other UV varnish alternatives include water-based, solvent-based, and hot melt varnishes.
A first layer of water-receptive, water-activatable acrylic polymers 60a, prepared as described above, is coated directly on the second UV varnish layer 40b, preferably at a dry coat weight of from about 20 to 25 g/m2. This first layer of acrylic polymers is water-activatable, becoming tacky when wet. It is preferably applied using a Meyer rod. A much thinner layer of water-receptive, water-activatable acrylic copolymers 60b is applied directly to the first layer of acrylic copolymers 60a, using a flexo-gravure coating technique, at a coat weight of from about 2 to 5 g/m2. By applying the second layer of copolymers 60b flexographically, any wire marks in the first layer 60a are filled-in, the roughness of the adhesive coating is reduced by 50 to 70%, and the appearance of the final product is improved. A water-soluble, protective detach layer 80 is coated on the outer surface of the second layer of acrylic copolymers 60b. The detach layer preferably is comprised of polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and a water-soluble starch, and is applied as a water-based coating (approximately 8 to 9% solids), which is then dried to a coat weight of from about 1 to 2 g/m2. A preferred detach layer is applied as a coating comprising 3% PAA, 2% PVOH, 3.5% starch and 91.5% water, on a percent-by-weight basis. More generally, suitable detach layers can be prepared using between about 1 to 8% PAA, 1 to 5% PVOH, and 2 to 10% starch. Preferably, a biocide, such as Kathon LX, available as a 1.5% solution from Rohm & Haas (Philadelphia, Pa.), is added to enhance shelf life.
Although not essential to the image transfer sheet, the detack layer improves product handling and storage, enhances sheet feeding through desktop printers, and generally protects the water-activatable copolymer layers from atmospheric humidity. Properly formulated, as in the preferred embodiment, the detack layer also facilitates a clean break between the printed image and the non-imaged regions of the image transfer sheet. The starch promotes a clean break by rendering the detack layer somewhat brittle. In contrast, films made entirely of PVOH are less brittle and would tend to transfer un-imaged regions along with the imaged regions of the sheet. The starch also helps balance the very hydroscopic PAA. A detack layer formed entirely of PAA, when exposed to a humid environment, would likely become tacky to the touch as it absorbed ambient moisture from the air.
The non-aqueous components of the detack layer--PAA, PVOH, and starch--are available from a variety of vendors, well-known to those skilled in the art of adhesive and printable construction formulations. A presently preferred PVOH is Airvol 107, a water-soluble polymer made by alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetate, available from Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. (Allentown, Pa.). Airvol 107 combines high tensile strength with ease of film formation. A presently preferred starch is Cerestar 12640 Polar Tex-Instant Starch, a pre-gelatanized, stabilized and crosslinked, waxy maize starch (hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate), having a minimum particle size of 90, available from Cerestar U.S.A., Inc. (Hammond, Ind.).
The detack layer can be reformulated depending on the application envisioned for the image transfer sheet. For example, where the image transfer sheet is to be used to transfer water-removable "tatoos" to the skin, the detack layer is formulated in one embodiment with 84.5% water, 2.0% Airvol 107 starch, 10% water-activatable adhesive, and 1.5% Kathon LX biocide. The adhesive (described above) imparts additional tack when wet to promote adhesion to the skin.
It will be appreciated that the thicknesses of each of the layers 20-80 are exaggerated in FIG. 1. In practice, image transfer sheets can be prepared as thin sheets or rolls, such as sheets of labels where, for example, the water-activatable polymer layer has a thickness of from between 0.5 and 2 mils and the flexible backing has a similar small dimensional thickness. More preferably, the two layers of water-activatable copolymers have a combined thickness that is sufficiently great as to minimize dot gain--lateral movement of a dot of ink imprinted on the image transfer sheet. Although, to some degree, this is printer-dependent, in general dot gain can be minimized by constructing the image transfer sheets with water-absorbent materials (i.e., the water-activatable copolymer layers plus the detack layer) having a combined thickness of about one mil (about 0.025 mm).
The image transfer sheet 10 is non-tacky when dry, at room temperature and normal relative humidity (less than about 25% RH). The detack layer 80, however, is water-soluble, and the water-activatable copolymer layers 60a and 60b are water-receptive and become tacky when exposed to even a small amount of moisture, such as the water in a water-based ink jet ink. Consequently, when the image transfer sheet is passed through an ink jet printer and imprinted with an image, tacky regions form in the upper layers 60a, 60b and 80 of the sheet. These layers are thin and water-receptive, and they become activated across their entire cross-sectional thickness, from the outer surface of the detack layer 80 to the interface between the first hydrophilic, water-activatable polymer 60a and the second UV varnish layer 40b. Thus, although printed on the detack layer face of the sheet, the sheet becomes tacky all the way through to the second UV varnish layer, which is water-resistant.
The printed image can be transferred directly to an object by applying the now tacky top surface of the sheet to the object, using manual pressure, and peeling away the unactivated regions of the sheet along with the first UV varnish film layer and the flexible backing. A clean break forms between the imaged (tacky) and non-imaged (non-tacky) regions of the construction. The clean break is facilitated by the brittle detack layer 80 (made brittle by the starch) and the brittle second (inner) UV varnish layer 40. What remains is a crisp, transferred image, protected on its outer surface by the second UV varnish film layer.
Printing tests conducted with Examples 1-3 reveal that the water-activatable acrylic copolymers of Examples 1 and 2 can be used to form image transfer sheets that provides good image transfer--generally exceeding 80%, and even achieving 100% image transfer--after being run through an ink jet printer and applied to a substrate. Similar constructions prepared using example 3, however, provided less satisfactory results, with only partial image transfer.
Using a water-activatable composition prepared in accordance with Example 2 of the present invention, image transfer sheets were constructed in the above-described manner, printed with a solid image in an ink jet printer, and applied to 24 different substrates so that the quality of the transferred images could be evaluated. In each case, the water-activatable copolymers were applied at a coat weight of about 24 to 30 g/m2 (dry weight). After applying an imaged sheet to a substrate at room temperature, using manual pressure, the imaged sheet was allowed to dwell on the substrate for about one to three minutes before peeling back the release liner and the non-imaged areas of the sheet. This allowed any excess moisture in the sheet to permeate the porous substrates. The release liner and non-imaged areas of the sheet were then peeled away, leaving the image transferred to the substrate. In general, images on glass substrates were given about two or three minutes of dwell, while images on paper substrates, which absorb moisture, were allowed to dwell for about one minute. The image transfer test results are presented in Table 3.
TABLE 3______________________________________Image Transfer Test ResultsNo. Test Substrate Image Quality______________________________________ 1 Xerox Paper Good 2 Glossy Paper Good 3 File Folder Good 4 Report Cover Good 5 Sheet Protector Good 6 Vinyl Binder - White Good 7 Polypropylene Binder Poor 8 Glass Good 9 Mirror Good10 Smooth Cardboard Good11 Stainless Steel Good12 Aluminum Good13 Painted Metal Good14 Pine Wood Poor15 Plywood Poor16 Painted Wood Good17 Panel Wood Good18 Ceramic Good19 Formica Good20 Transparency Good21 Cabinet Wood Good22 Manila Folder Good23 Toys (waxy surface) Poor24 Cloth - 100% Cotton (T-shirt) Good______________________________________
As indicated in Table 3, the compositions of the present invention facilitated good image transfer to all but four of the test substrates, at room temperature. The terms "good, "fair" and "poor" are used to describe image transfer from the imprinted transfer sheet to the substrate. For a solid image having a well-defined, smooth border, the term "good" means the image transferred cleanly (more or less completely) to the substrate; "fair" means the transferred image has a broken border, but otherwise the image transferred well; and "poor" means the transferred image is broken, with only partial transfer. For all but four of the substrates listed in Table 3, constructions made with the water-activatable acrylic copolymers formulated according to Example 2 provided good image transfer, and essentially 100% of the imprinted image was transferred from the image transfer sheet to the substrate. In contrast, it is thought that the best commercially available image transfer sheets provide only 60% to 80% image transfer. Waxy surfaces and exposed, rough wood surfaces did not accept image transfer well. Image transfer was improved when the release liner was peeled off in a fast, fluid motion, as opposed to a slow peel-off.
The best results were seen with solid images and images having a solid border. Small, intricate designs with multiple un-imaged regions tended to show poorer image transfer. Image transfer also tends to fall with decreasing ink content in the imaged regions. Thus, pale images (e.g., light blue, pink, etc.) tend to transfer less completely than do bright, solid color images. In general, high ink coverage, expressed as dpi (dots per inch) yield better quality images and better image transfer.
Another phenomenon sometimes observed with image transfer constructions is the "trailing edge" effect, which may occur when the imprinted transfer sheet is peeled away from a substrate after applying the image to the substrate. This appears to be a function of the peel angle and shear forces involved in peeling the transfer sheet away from the substrate. When the affixed transfer sheet is grasped at one end and lifted away from the substrate, the initial peel angle is acute, and relatively low shear forces are encountered. At the end of the process, however, as the trailing edge of the image transfer sheet is peeled away from the substrate and the transferred image, the peel angle is obtuse, and greater shear forces are encountered.
With well-defined, solid images having generally smooth borders, the un-imaged portions of the transfer sheet break away cleanly from the imaged regions, which are left behind on the substrate and are crisp and distinct. With irregular, intricate designs, and/or very light (low color density) images, however, a small portion of the un-imaged transfer sheet may not completely detach from the trailing edge of the imaged region but, instead, may be left behind on the substrate. If this occurs, the small amount of non-imaged, residual transfer sheet material can be removed without affecting the transferred image by pressing a piece of tape over the residue and lifting the residue from the substrate.
To evaluate the color quality of images printed on image transfer sheets prepared in accordance with the present invention, color density tests were conducted with three different ink jet printers: Canon (Bubble Jet) 620, Hewlett Packard 694C, and Epson Stylus 600. In each case, an image transfer sheet ("sample") was fed through an ink jet printer set at 360 dpi and imprinted with a colored image (yellow, cyan, black, or magenta). The image was transferred to a white photocopy paper substrate and evaluated for color density (a measurement of the intensity of light reflected from the printed image, expressed as a dimensionless quantity), using an X-Rite™ densitometer, Model No. 428. For comparison, regular photocopy paper ("paper") was also imprinted with the same colored images and evaluated for color density. High color densities are preferable to low color densities, and a difference of 0.05 units or more is considered significant. The test results are presented in Table 4.
TABLE 4______________________________________Color Density Test Results Ink Jet PrinterColor Canon HP Epson______________________________________Yellow* Paper 0.86 0.87 0.81* Sample 0.60 0.81 1.22Cyan* Paper 0.99 1.08 1.10* Sample 0.75 1.09 1.42Black* Paper 1.10 1.03 1.25* Sample 1.20 1.29 2.21Magenta* Paper 1.04 1.05 0.99* Sample 1.21 1.14 1.56______________________________________
As indicated in Table 4, the image transfer sheets of the present invention were readily imprinted in all three ink jet printers. Images transferred from the sheets were characterized by high color densities, higher even than the densities on plain photocopy paper, for most colors.
It will be appreciated that, due to the water-absorbent nature of the detack layer and the water-activatable polymer (adhesive) layers, a transferred image that has been applied to a substrate can be removed from the substrate by, e.g., swiping the image with a damp cloth. The UV varnish film protecting the image can be removed with an ordinary household cleaner. In some applications, however, more permanent images are desired and can be formed by, e.g., incorporating one or more crosslinking components or layers into the construction. For example, a crosslinking promoter layer can be coated on top of one or more layers of the water-activatable polymers. Crosslinking could then be promoted by activation with the water in an ink jet ink, with the water carrying the crosslinking agents down into the water-activatable copolymer layer(s) as it migrates into the construction. Non-limiting examples of crosslinking promoters include zinc, aluminum, and zirconium salts, such as zinc acetate, zinc octoate, aluminum acetylacetonate, and zirconyl ammonium carbonate. 0.2 to about 2% by weight of such crosslinkers can be coated on the uppermost layer of water-activatable polymers to form a percolating crosslinker layer.
In another embodiment, an epoxy-functionalized monomer, such as glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), can be added to the monomer mixture used to prepare the water-activatable copolymers. Heat-activated crosslinking (at, e.g., about 120� C.) should result in a water-permanent, three dimensional matrix. A non-limiting example of crosslinking through epoxy-containing PSAs is found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,812,541 (Mallya et al.), which is incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively, improved water-resistance can be targeted by including a fluoroacrylate monomer, such as trifluoroethyl methacrylate, in the monomer mixture. The resulting polymer, though water-activatable, should also be somewhat water-permanent.
Other variations and modifications also fall within the scope of the invention. For example, a UV-curable adhesive can be employed as a second adhesive. Instead of coating two layers of the above-described water-activatable polymers, a UV-curable PSA can be substituted for one of the water-activatable layers, adjacent to the UV varnish. Once cured, the UV-curable PSA layer should improve the water-fastness or permanence of the transferred image. Nonlimiting examples of UV-curable PSAs are found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,504 (Ang), incorporated by reference herein. Other suitable UV-curable adhesives are available from National Starch and Chemical Co. (Bridgewater, N.J.), Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. (Research Triangle Park, N.C.) and H.B. Fuller Co. (St. Paul, Minn.).
Other image transfer constructions and uses for the water-activatable acrylic copolymers described herein are found in the U.S. patent application entitled "Image Transfer Sheets and a Method of Manufacturing the Same," filed concurrently with this application and incorporated herein by reference. That application also discloses a preferred method of manufacturing image transfer sheets.
The present invention is not limited to use with ink jet printers, but may be utilized with other printers, pens, and applicators that use water-based inks, and may also work with comparable hydroxylated solvents, such as isopropanol. In each case, the acrylic copolymers become activated (tacky) when exposed to water or solvent, and the tacky region(s) of an imaged sheet becomes transferable to a substrate. Nor is the invention limited to printed text, i.e., alpha-numeric characters. To the contrary, the adhesives and constructions described herein are intended to be used in a variety of applications, with all manner of graphic, as well as textual, images.Thus, a child can draw on an image transfer sheet with a water-based ink, thereby activating the imaged regions of the sheet, and then transfer the drawing to a substrate using manual pressure.
Throughout the description and the claims, use of the word "about" in relating to a range of numbers is intended to modify both the low and high values recited.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
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|Apr 29, 1969
|Minnesota Mining & Mfg
|Adhesives and adhesive tapes
|Jul 20, 1970
|Aug 1, 1972
|Minnesota Mining & Mfg
|Moisture-resistant solar control film
|Jun 21, 1976
|Oct 4, 1977
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Water-dispellable hot melt polyester adhesives
|Jul 2, 1976
|Feb 14, 1978
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Pressure-sensitive adhesive tape employing moisture resistant acrylate-base copolymer adhesive
|May 26, 1978
|Oct 30, 1979
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Copolyester melt adhesive having improved flow characteristics containing di- and tri-benzoate modifier
|Sep 25, 1978
|Jan 1, 1980
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Acrylic-type pressure sensitive adhesives by means of ultraviolet radiation curing
|Jan 15, 1980
|Apr 20, 1982
|Lucas Industries Limited
|Vehicle load sensing arrangement
|Jan 29, 1981
|May 25, 1982
|Herman Colon
|Water-soluble, pressure-sensitive, hot-melt adhesives
|Nov 2, 1979
|Jul 13, 1982
|Sanyo-Kokusaku Pulp Co., Ltd.
|Pressure sensitive adhesive products
|Aug 31, 1989
|Dec 3, 1991
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Cold sealable cohesive terpolymers
|Feb 5, 1993
|Jul 5, 1994
|Avery Dennison Corporation
|Repulpable pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions
|Apr 26, 1993
|Sep 13, 1994
|Shionogi & Co., Ltd.
|Method of applying a skin-protective composition
|Aug 5, 1993
|Apr 18, 1995
|Avery Dennison Corporation
|Transparent paper label sheets
|Jun 7, 1995
|Jul 16, 1996
|Avery Dennison Corporation
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|Oct 15, 1976
|Jun 16, 1981
|Francis T. Chau
|Water-moistenable adhesive coatings
|Mar 26, 1986
|Oct 29, 1986
|Moisture-actuated hot melt adhesive
|Jun 24, 1988
|Jan 4, 1989
|H.B. Fuller Company
|Hot melt adhesive comprising an N-substituted polyalkyleneimine and acid functional component
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Hackh s Chemical Dictionary By Grant May 27, 1981 pp. 17 and 167.
|Hackh's Chemical Dictionary By Grant May 27, 1981--pp. 17 and 167.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
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|May 1, 1998
|Aug 21, 2001
|Avery Dennison Corporation
|Image transfer sheets and a method of manufacturing the same
|Jun 9, 2000
|Jan 14, 2003
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Inkjet printable media
|Dec 20, 1999
|Feb 25, 2003
|Avery Dennison Corporation
|Water-soluble pressure-sensitive adhesives
|Nov 2, 2000
|Apr 1, 2003
|Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
|Image forming method
|Jun 9, 2000
|Apr 29, 2003
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Polypropylene card construction
|Oct 25, 2001
|Sep 30, 2003
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Process for making protected printed images
|Nov 15, 2002
|Feb 17, 2004
|3M Innovative Properties Co
|Materials and methods for creating waterproof, durable aqueous inkjet receptive media
|Feb 7, 2001
|Jul 20, 2004
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Ink fixing materials and methods of fixing ink
|Jun 30, 2000
|Aug 3, 2004
|Avery Dennison Corporation
|Drawable and/or traceable binder
|Nov 25, 2002
|Nov 30, 2004
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Inkjet printable media
|Oct 22, 2002
|Apr 5, 2005
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Ink jet transfer printing process
|Mar 7, 2002
|Aug 9, 2005
|Basf Ag
|High solids dispersion for wide temperature, pressure sensitive adhesive applications
|Feb 19, 2003
|Dec 13, 2005
|Engle Lori P
|Media for cold image transfer
|Jun 10, 2004
|Feb 28, 2006
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Methods of fixing ink
|Dec 18, 1998
|Sep 26, 2006
|Basf Aktiengesellschaft
|Polymer composition for use as aqueous floor adhesive
|Jul 2, 2003
|Oct 9, 2007
|Basf Aktiengesellschaft
|Pressure sensitive adhesives for plasticized PVC backings
|Nov 17, 2006
|Jan 12, 2010
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Method of making a microsphere transfer adhesive
|Sep 27, 2006
|Mar 15, 2011
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Tear resistant solar control multilayer film
|Apr 20, 2009
|Dec 11, 2012
|Entrochem, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for continuous production of partially polymerized compositions and polymers therefrom
|Nov 4, 2008
|Jul 1, 2014
|Entrotech, Inc.
|Method for continuous production of (meth)acrylate syrup and adhesives therefrom
|Jul 2, 2003
|May 20, 2004
|Basf Akiengesellschaft
|Pressure sensitive adhesives for plasticized PVC backings
|Jun 10, 2004
|Nov 11, 2004
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Methods of fixing ink
|Feb 22, 2005
|Jun 30, 2005
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Imaged substrate process and articles
|May 17, 2004
|Nov 17, 2005
|Sun Yu
|Invisible temporary tattoo
|Jun 24, 2004
|Oct 19, 2006
|Kazue Watanabe
|Ink-accepting layer forming material and aqueous ink
|Mar 26, 2004
|Oct 26, 2006
|Kazue Watanabe
|Coloring composition and coating composition
|May 15, 2009
|May 19, 2011
|Obun Printing Company, Inc.
|Writing paper and method for manufacturing writing paper
|Nov 16, 2001
|Sep 25, 2003
|Avery Dennison Corp
|Sheet structure and method for adhesive image transfer
|Jan 23, 2013
|Aug 15, 2013
|Basf Se
|Aqueous polymer dispersion that can be used as a tackifier for adhesives and can be produced by emulsion polymerisation based on c1 to c20 alkyl (meth)acrylates
|U.S. Classification
|526/318.44, 526/318.4
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 25, 1998
Owner name: AVERY DENNISON CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SU, SHIAONUNG;REEL/FRAME:009307/0459
Effective date: 19980618
|Apr 14, 2004
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 27, 2004
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 23, 2004
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20040926


text:
Newport News homicide suspect arrested in New York
Newport News police say both victims of a shooting Thursday evening have died.
Newport News police say both victims of a shooting Thursday evening have died.
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text: Mary Catherine Garrison | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information Official Broadway League sites: - sites - broadway.org broadwayleague.com broadwayfanclub.com kidsnightonbroadway.com stagespecs.org tonyawards.com Quick Search For: In This Category: All Show People/Org. Theatre Season View more items Mary Catherine Garrison Performer ( b. Dec 19, 1973 Clarksdale, Mississippi, USA ) Female ProductionsSpecial Events ProductionsDate of ProductionsLend Me a Tenor[Play, Comedy, Farce, Revival] Performer: Mary Catherine Garrison [Maggie]Apr 04, 2010 - Aug 15, 2010Accent on Youth[Play, Comedy, Revival] Performer: Mary Catherine Garrison [Linda Brown]Apr 29, 2009 - Jun 28, 2009Top Girls[Play, Original] Also Starring: Mary Catherine Garrison [Patient Griselda/Jeanine/Kit/Shona]May 07, 2008 - Jun 29, 2008Rabbit Hole[Play, Original] Performer: Mary Catherine Garrison [Izzy]Feb 02, 2006 - Apr 09, 2006Assassins[Musical, Drama, Original] Starring: Mary Catherine Garrison [Lynette "Squeaky'' Fromme]Apr 22, 2004 - Jul 18, 2004The Man Who Came to Dinner[Play, Comedy, Revival] Performer: Mary Catherine Garrison [June Stanley]Jul 27, 2000 - Oct 08, 2000 Special EventsDate of Special EventsAssassins[Special, Benefit, Original] Performer: Mary Catherine Garrison [Lynette "Squeaky'' Fromme]Dec 03, 2012 - Dec 03, 2012 Find out where Mary Catherine Garrison and are credited together © 2001-2015, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. (Copyright and Disclaimer)


text:
BISE Lahore Board 10th class result 2013
The result for the annual examination of 10 thclass under the board of intermediate and secondary education Lahore is to be announced on July 25th. The news must have pleased many students as they have waited so long for this day to come. We have already seen many rumors about the date of result declaration of the Punjab's largest board but we hope that this is the right date.
Recently the news said that the result is to be released on 6th July 2013 but that turned out to be a rumor though the source was quite confident about the first week of July. WE cannot say anything sure about this new date as well until the board comes forward and announce it officially. We are also trying to get in touch with the administration of the BISE Lahore to get a word from them but as per their previous behavior, they are not letting us know anything about it.
The examination of the 10th class were conducted in the March and April 2013 and now after a long wait of three months, the students are now looking forward to the result which is yet to be officially announced.
The BISE Lahore is the largest board among the nine other educational boards of the Punjab province which is working under the umbrella of Education ministry of Punjab Government. The areas which are the responsibility of the board are Lahore district, Kasur district, Okara district, Sheikhupura district and Nankana Sahib district.
We wish all the candidates a very bwst of luck from our side about the matric result 2013 which holds the primary importance in Pakistan's education system. For any queries and updates, all you have to do is to stay with us.
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The Sword Inn Hand4
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"I stayed at the Sword Inn for a night and the experience was excellent. The staff were helpful and friendly...."
"we had two beautiful rooms stayed overnight for a wedding hosts couldnet have been more helpful great breakfast and spotless rooms would def..."
"An overnight stay in a village. Accomodation beautifully clean and comfortable, although the room was a little dark. Staff were very friendl..."
About the hotel
The Sword Inn Hand is a delightful 14th century free house, set in the picturesque village of Westmill, in the heart of rural Hertfordshire. This ideal village setting is within easy reach of Buntingford, Royston, Stansted, Duxford and Hertford. We enjoy calm, peaceful and well appointed surroundings and, as our guests, you can take pleasure in the unique quality and charm of our luxury, en-suite bedrooms.
Each one individually styled with splendid views over the garden, open countryside and the village church. During your stay you will also have the opportunity to sample some of the excellent food that we have on offer. Inspired chef, Peter Moor, takes great pleasure in creating mouth-watering menus from fresh, local produce delivered to us daily. In our renowned restaurant, you can relax and enjoy being looked after by our well trained and attentive staff and delight in the best that Hertfordshire has to offer. No matter what your taste, be it for meat, fish, vegetarian or have special dietary needs, then we are sure that you will have a memorable meal.
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Showing Saturday 10 October 2015 to Sunday 11 October 2015Change Search
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100% would recommend it to a friend
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Great Food and nice accommodation.
Shower was poor in room 2 but everything else was great
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Excellent but please Put Wifi In The Rooms
I had a lovely stay here.
The hosting was attentive and I felt very welcome. The food was terrific and I will definitely return. Just one request - please put wifi in the bedrooms. Highly recommended.
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text:
Operating Income Rises 172% to Record $2.3 Million
CHICAGO, May 8 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ --
Second quarter highlights:
Year-to-date highlights:
The Female Health Company (NYSE Amex: FHC), which manufactures and markets the FC and FC2 Female Condom(R), today reported its operating results for the second quarter and first half of FY2009. The Company will host an investor conference call at 11:00 a.m. Eastern Time today, May 8, 2009, to discuss its operating results and other topics of interest (see details below).
For the three months ended March 31, 2009, the Company's net revenues increased 14% to $7.3 million, compared with $6.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2008. For the quarter ended March 31, 2009, unit sales increased 21% over the same period in FY 2008. The Company's net income attributable to common stockholders increased 67% to $1,951,786, or $0.07 per diluted share, during the second quarter of FY2009, compared with $1,165,936, or $0.04 per diluted share, in the corresponding period of the previous fiscal year.
|SOURCE Female Health Company
Copyright©2009 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


text:
And They Say We're Nuts
You just can't make this stuff up. Remember "angry white men" in 1994? They've got nothing on the Angry Left. The Washington Post has the goods today in a devastatingly hilarious snapshot.
The main subject of the piece has a blog with fairly strong readership. This is how she describes her evolution:
Then George W. Bush was elected. Then came 9/11, Afghanistan, Iraq, Guantanamo Bay, Abu Ghraib, the Patriot Act, secret prisons, domestic eavesdropping, the revamping of the Supreme Court, and the thought "It has come to the point where the worst people on Earth are running the Earth." And now, "I have become one of those people with all the bumper stickers on their car," she says. "I am this close to being one of those muttering people pushing a cart.
"I'm insane with rage and grief.
"But I also feel more connected than I ever have."
Howard Dean, your troops are ready. It gets better.
The front door opens and in comes her 6-year-old son, Terry, home from school, who starts batting around a blue balloon at the other end of the living room, batting it closer to her, closer, closer. She searches through her iTunes library until she finds one of her favorite downloads -- not music, but a speech by a character named Howard Beale in the movie "Network." She presses "play" and turns up the volume. "I want you to get mad!" Beale shouts at one point. "I want you to get mad!" she shouts along, startling Terry. "What?" he says, backing away with his balloon.
When a parody of an angry man gets you revved up and scared your kid, something's wrong.
The Post found a colorful subject for the story, but strongly implies she's one among many. The Kossacks will be hoppin' mad over this.
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- Child Status Protection Act (Cspa)
- An amendment to the Immigration and Nationality Act passed in 2002 (Public Law 107-208). The CSPA helps children applying for green cards or visas, either in family-based immigration categories or as derivatives on a parent's asylum application, to maintain their eligibility even after they reach age 21. That's the age at which, in immigration law terms, people are normally too old to be considered "children."


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Nude Father & Son Photos
Being Naked
I talk to you nude now.I'm sry about being so Tom!I'm just wishing that eve never ate that apple.There is nothing better in this life than to be nude.Nude beaches,nudists camps,lets all get nude + be happy about that.Makes me want streak.I'll do that
Being Naked
I talk to you nude now.I'm sry about being so Tom!I'm just wishing that eve never ate that apple.There is nothing better in this life than to be nude.Nude beaches,nudists camps,lets all get nude + be happy about that.Makes me want streak.I'll do that
Nude Beaches
we love our nude beaches, nude resorts, family friendly nude resorts, and nude swingers clubs. Any one in southern California looking to get together with a bi couple?
I love being nude. I really don't like clothing. Unfortunately, I have a roommate, so I can't walk around nude. San Diego has one nude beach but it's a steep climb down and I'm disabled, so I can't make it.
Nudist Resorts
We're a bi couple looking for singles, couples, nude resorts, and nude families in southern California
Nude Camping
nude + camping,sounds like fun.Maybe like being on a pontoon boat + skinny dipping.being nude is my big deal,I love it,along with being an exhibitionist.So why not go camping without clothes,I'd even prop my ass up in the air for all to see.
Age Play
I'm in Utah and would love to find an older guy to have some fun father/daughter role playing with.
Sex With Guy And His Dad
i would love to voyeur a father and son blowing each other or a bareback fuck and possibly participate
We're a central Orange county bi married couple looking for bi singles and couples for hot regular sex and singles, couples, and nude families for nude beach/resort/home fun
Camping Nude
i am deffinately a nudist. i love doing anything nude,but camping nude is the greatest. i
swimming,laying on the beach,walking thru the woods,camping,or just kicking around the campfire with friends,all naked,and no clothes allowed all weekend
Nude Camping
i absolutely love camping nude !!! i love to do anything nude,hahaha
We're a bi couple in the Phoenix area looking for bi singles and couples as well as any nude resorts and swinging nude resorts in our area.
Bisexual Nudist
well,i am bi,and i am a nudist ! i love being nude all the time,especially outdoors in the summer,at a nude beach,or otherwise. would love to have some friends along . i would love to have friends that are the same,so we can have some fun together
Same Room Swap
I started off taking my wife (then my girlfriend) to a nude beach. She loved being naked and was very turned on by it. We then progressed to swing clubs where we watched and were watched. Then we tried soft swap and loved it. Finally we went full swap. Have you tried a nude beach?
mmmm would like to meet a couple or single partner to get some photos taken? any couples or singles interested? drop me a note
Amateur Porn
Nothing like the real thing, , , , Photos, Video & Stories, When they are real, their all good
Have Fun & Be Happy
tanning nude
***Currently looking ONLY for Couples and women. Thanks ! Happily married bisexual woman/man. Both are looking to meet bi couples and women, selective bi men. We are totally in love with one another and likes to meet other bi couples, bi women and selective bi men who are confidence in themselves. We are avid nudists and love to be naked as much as possible.
nude parties, bbq, camps, orgies, foursome, threesome, resorts, hot tubs. Note: playing the straight card..If there are couples whereas the women are (bi) playing only and the men are not (straight or acting straight) that is fine as well. Lets have the women have their fun. We normally do not respond to interests without photos. This is electronic age, photos are easily obtainable-camera, most phones has cameras, etc Thanks.
BI sixties couple We are open to most type of sex.both like both oral. Prefer people over 40 y/o Able to meet most days or night, can host He is 6' 210# grey hair and beard, blue eyes She s 5'4" 160# 40c light brown hair grey eyes. We are nudist, love the nude beach. Wish there where more places around to go nude
56yo bisexual male. first love will always be women, love everything about them, being Bi sexual for me means having fun in whatever feels good, with women, couples and men. would like to find a group of friends that would like to get together for bi-group parties, MF, MFM, MMF, FFM, MM and MMMMFFFF......the more the merrier. like oral with both M&F, yummy pussies and big cocks are all ways a turn on. Being nude with friends in and out of the bedroom, camping, hiking or a nude beach.. Would like to find
playmate/s into this lifestyle. not ready to come out to family or friends not in the lifestyle, so if you wish to see a face pic. ask shaved and trim down below.
i am a very young looking male who wants to meet asap with a young girl and her younger brother or her father or mother...or sisters...or mommy and daddy...the nastier the better....i love it all ....ass to mouth..DP...sharing cum....i want to be involved in a gangbang or orgy ...ask me anything u want to know please...
I have been a bisexual man now for a few years. I believe that bisexuality is so right in many ways and I would absolutely love to chat with someone about my views. Bisexuality seems so perfect for me. I am also a nudist; I love to be nude (as I am now writing this). That, like bisexuality seems natural. I went to a place recently that I had an opportunity to sit about in the nude around a swimming pool and had a great conversation with another man. It was just two men chatting, no sexual contact, and no suggestion of sexual intercourse of any type between us. I found it relaxing and beneficial mentally and physically.
ually, to me, there is a time and place for everything. I would love to find friends and then proceed from there. It would be nice to have a group of friends, both men and women that is uninhibited to show and share their bodies, no matter the physical looks they have. I go for the psyche over the physical and you will need that to have a great friendship. The physical of a relationship is just a bi product of the psyche. Once I get to know someone and we hit it off I can talk your leg off so be warned. I will chat about a variety of things.
58 yr old bi male nudist couple.We luv to be nude on our 40 acres in arizona. also at our pool and backyard in vegas. we are not meeting people at this time our lives are very busy thanks
Curious with no experience with couples or gay sex. Consider myself a naturist, I like being nude. Have been straight my entire life but am now wondering about other experiences. I'm usually easy going and a little shy at times. I am educated and am retired.
I'm a loving and caring bisexual male. I like the way I am and don't care who knows about the way I am. I'm discreet about it for others. I like to be nude. I like to cook,the outdoors and spending time with others. I'm not good at talking, kind of shy. I'm a bottom not a top.
outdoors man, work alot, like fantisizing about bi relations and looking at men and womens nude bodys.love tanning naked or almost naked.
Open-minded and very laid back. Looking for a bi-friend and hang out partner. I especially enjoy being nude with a good friends, giving/receiving oral, long massages, and open to more if all are in agreement. I'm honest, sincere, 100% D/D free, and request the same in return.
MWC, nudist, enjoy fun times, no means no, no pressure. Would like to find a bi female or bi or sub male or bi couple to join us in fun. Age is just a number, seeking mature fun people. NO means NO. Non smokers or at least smoke outside. Prefer people who will be nude all the time with us.
Older bi male here looking for new friends. Just a harmless old fart who enjoys erotic fun with men, women, and couples. I love having friends on my pontoon boat for "nude cruising", and other play. I'm also seeking a female partner for swinging encounters with others that have the same interests.
61yo bisexual male, just an everyda y type of person i love to go to flea markets and yard sales and just check things and the sights out. i love convertables and fixing things. i have made a massage room with some interesting things in there .im really searching for local friends .i like cooking . i love being nude any time i can
Professional, Clean, Laid-back, Drama Free, Athletic, BI-oral guy here in DFW area Texas... Normal interests include exercise, sports, movies, motorcycle, and travel...
ual interests include Swingers clubs, Gentlemens clubs, Nude beaches/resorts, and 69... Don't do drugs, and disease free (tested) seeking same!
I'm a Very Clean person, Easy going. I'm 6'2" Tall, 210Lbs, White, Clean cut complexion. Enjoy going to Gunnison Beach for my Tan. For people that don't know Gunnison is the only Nude Beach in New Jersey. Looking to meet a sane, safe, discreet Couple & Singles for fun times.. By trade I'm into construction & home repairs. I Enjoy helping out good friends around the house for free. You pickup the supplies I'll do the work.
i am bi-curious, Corey is bi-sexual. I love to read and get jokes on my email. I am a bbw. We bothhave a great sense of humor and like most everyone we meet. corey is a bbm, into woodworking. We travel a long way to work so weekends are when we like to meet people. We are very open minded people and both of us are nudist.We live way out in the woods so we like to be nude all the time. (hard to put clothes on to go to work) lol!! I am interested in young, petite women for bi-sexual fun.
I'm a very mellow person who still nevertheless feels strongly about issues -- political, economic, sexual, etc. I have a very strong sex drive and really get off being with a male/female couple, pleasuring both of them and being pleasured by both. I can be a bit kinky, enjoying mild bdsm, spanking, and toys of all sorts. Though generally a top I can role play and switch if the situation warrants it, especially if the lady wishes to use a strap-on on me. I'm also a bit of an exhibitionist and love to strip my clothes off even though everyone else may be clothed. I like posing for nude pictures (mild to wild) alone or with others. I'm single and can entertain in my place.
If anyone in South Florida is interested in someone taking good photos of them, you can contact me. I am interested in doing some people photography. I am interested in doing nude photos. However, if you want non-nude, that's fine too.
Does Wal-Mart develop nude pics? I know Osco used to but they have stopped doing it. I really would like some nude photos on the site along with some clothed ones....
I love being nude and I would love to have a nude job,poising nude,nude house cleaning,nude pool guy or nude handyman or putting on a nude show
I would love to get some photos into my profile, including nude ones. But right now I don't have a lover that could take them for me. Does anyone know how I could go about looking for a professional photographer that shoots erotic photos. Is there a particularly good set of keywords to google on? I've tried, to no avail. I'm sure such a service must exist, especially in bigger cities (I'm in Ottawa, Canada, for example, but Toronto and Montreal are also nearby).
Is there a nice girl there with big boobs and nude photos
Anyone in the Portland area that could take some nude photos of me for my bio on this site?
Does anyone know of a photo studio in San Diego that will take nude photos?
Does anyone know if there are any photo studios in San Diego that are willing to take nude photos?
Good Lawyer vs. Bad Lawyer
What's the difference between a good lawyer and a bad lawyer? A bad lawyer can let a case drag out for several years. A good lawyer can make it last even longer.
~ ~ ~ ~
Lawyer's Son
The lawyer's son wanted to follow in his father's footsteps, so he went to law school. He graduated with honors, and then went home to join his father's firm. At the end of his first day at work he rushed into his father's office, and said, "Father, father, in one day I broke the accident case that you've been working on for ten years!" His father responded: "You idiot, we could live on the funding of that case for another ten years!"
Be Happy
D i c k
i have always wished to attend a nude beach as well. love being nude and seen nude.
When browsing/searching I would like to see icons next to a person's name indicating if they have photos. There should be an icon for free photos, an icon for paid photos, and an icon for locked photos.
It would also be cool if you could search on who has free/paid photos, so you don't get profiles with only locked ones. I also think it would be cool to search on audio files, just to see what people are posting.
Finally, another site we're on has a once-click "new photos" search that will show the newest photos posted to the site. A nice feature for the voyeuristic!
Thanks, otherwise this is the best site we've seen!
A mother, father and young son are visiting the circus. The elephants walk out into the circus ring and the little boy says to his mother, "What's that?"
"That's the elephant's tail," she replies.
"No, under the tail," says the youngster. The mother is clearly embarrassed and says, "Oh, nothing."
The boy turns to his father and repeats the same question. His father looks and says, "That's the elephant's penis, son."
"So, why did mum say it was nothing?" asks the boy.
The father draws himself up to his full height and says, "Son, I've spoiled that woman."
hey there, we're looking for slender bi lovers in the Tempe/Phoenix area. We're also looking for some nudist friends and even a nude family or two
Can anyone recommend a good nude swingers club in the area? Any good nude resorts?
I am looking to meet guys who like to fuck other guys,am cool with women watching or joining in or taking photos! I cannot host and transportation can be a problem so the closer to Parma,the better!Will send nude pix on request,looking to hookup ASAP.
Hello, we're a bi married couple looking for other nudists for fun at home, nude beaches, and nude resorts. We're interested in males, females, singles, couples, and families. We dont have many friends yet and we love being nude so this seems like a good way to spend time and make friends. Anyone interested?
They say that the new super computer knows everything. A skeptical man came and asked the computer, "Where is my father?"
The computer bleeped for a short while, and then came back with "Your father is fishing in Colorado."
The skeptical man said triumphantly, "You see? I knew this was nonsense. My father has been dead for twenty years."
"No", replied the super computer immediately. "Your mother's husband has been dead for twenty years. Your father just landed a three pound trout."
Be Happy
D i c k
While cleaning little Billy's room, his mother found several S&M magazines under his mattress. In shock, she called for his father to see what she had found. She said " Look at all these dirty magazines." As his father flipped through the S&M magazines, the mother was pacing with her head in her hands. She said "What should we do about this?" The father raising his eyes from the S&M magazines replied " For God's sakes, Dont Spank Him!"
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You guys are doing an awesome job with this site. �What a great concept! �Hope to chat sometime!
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Yellow Rose
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