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Raquel Allegra's tie-dye cotton-blend top is the perfect blend of comfort and contemporary edge. This loosely cut piece is meticulously shredded by hand - wear it for a night out with leather pants.
HandmadeCharcoal and cream tie-dyed cotton-blend jerseyDraped shredded side panel, asymmetric hem, intentionally raw trimsSlips on50% cotton, 50% polyesterHand wash
Product code: 364585 - Need help? Contact us


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Risks Involved For Harley Davidson Since Integrating E-Business Into Its Supply Chain Management System2
Internal Controls Which Harley Davidson Can Implement To Mitigate The Risks Identified And How Best Can These Controls Be Audited5
Business Risks For The Harley Davidson's Business Partners Due The Company's E-Business System6
Likelihood Of Impact Of E-Business On This Year's Audit At Harley Davidson: A Memo From The Audit Manager8
RISKS INVOLVED FOR HARLEY DAVIDSON SINCE INTEGRATING E-BUSINESS INTO ITS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The main risks associated with e-commerce are those of hackers, viruses, and interception of credit card numbers travelling over telecommunication lines etc (cl.cam.ac.uk, 2009). Certain technological developments seem to mitigate many perceived risks (Kaufman, Leslie, 1999) but some recent surveys have pointed out the issues of high costs involved in using this technology (McCartney, Laton, 1997). Hence no matter how much one believes that e-commerce system implemented at Harley Davidson is full-proof, considerable risks still exists in the system. The author has classified the risks which Harley Davidson is likely to face into following six categories which are information risks, technology risks, business risks, risks related to Branding and Reputation, Integration risks and lastly Project management risks.
Information Risk
Information risk as defined by Miller and Engemann in their paper titled, "Managing Risks In Electronic Commerce" is as follows [Quote], "Information risks stem from information published and contained in web sites and associated with the conduct of e-commerce. Peripheral to information risks are risks associated with misuse of information, such as violation of...

subset: commoncrawl


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CORDELE - A fight broke out a decade ago in the South Central Georgia town of Cordele. It ended a couple of weeks ago. I don't know if there was a winner, but there was a victor.
Mark Green and I have an agreement about reaching the finish line of life. The one of us who gets there first will fulfill the other's last wishes.
If you like standard time, then this is the week you better drink it in. On March 9, we will set our clocks forward and begin observing daylight saving time.
The pharmaceutical companies spend a fortune on what is called DTC or direct-to-consumer advertising.
We used to celebrate the birthdays of George Washington and Abraham Lincoln as holidays.
On the Internet, the source of all information, they have all kinds of lists. In preparation for this column, I conducted a search for the top romance songs and found they have a variety.
Oh, how I once loved snow days.
My mother made sure I had an extensive education about china. Not China, the country, but china, the good kind that went on a properly dressed Sunday table.
The news came in email: Mike Banks had died.
In the first season of "The Andy Griffith Show," the town folks of Mayberry are surprised by the arrival of a female druggist at the local drugstore.
My daddy liked his coffee hot. We had a West Bend percolator that was a fixture in our kitchen for years.
New Year's Day is the one day we can all observe. While there are Chinese, Hebrew and Muslim calendars, if we participate with the world, the clock starts over at the strike of midnight on the first day of the New Year.
My mama has been gone for 17 Christmases. I still remember asking her every year what she wanted for Christmas.
Once upon a time, there was a phenomenon called the Christmas TV special. The biggest stars on television would host other TV stars in an hourlong holiday variety show.
NEW YORK - If you're making a Christmas trip to the Big Apple, I hope you'll stop by and see Billy Crystal.
Page 6 of 28
NEW YORK - Grace is not a word often used to describe New York City. But in a theater on the southern end of the Theater ...
Once a year, "Happy Birthday to You" is your song.
Depending on your age, there are milestone events that are forever etched in your mind. You know exactly where you were when John F. Kennedy ...
I've always had a special place in my heart for older folks. I don't know how that happened, it just did.
You might not know Beloit College in Wisconsin, but a group of faculty and staff members have put the college on the map with their ...
Sometimes in adulthood, I have said some things I regretted, but I never reached over and popped a bar of soap into my mouth.
If you can read this, thank a teacher.
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The RIG stereo headset and mixer keep you connected to your mobile life and your game, so you can play more, and pause less. Connect your phone to the mixer, and with one touch, easily move from game audio to calls. Take a call, dial in your favorite music, pick an EQ profile, or flip back to game chat—master your own mix without ever leaving the game.
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If you need further help setting your homepage, check your browser's Help menu
Using absurd questions to get to the truthSubmitted by:
PoliceOne Senior Editor Doug Wyllie
In Monday's P1 Member tip, a California officer recommended that prior to a body search, you ask the subject, "Do you have anything on you that I should know about?" Good advice. ...
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High Expectations for Biotech Plan
LOWELL, Mass., Oct. 11 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- More than half of Massachusetts CEOs are somewhat optimistic about their own companies, but are concerned about the current state and national economies, according to a new statewide poll of 500 CEOs released today by the Massachusetts Economic Assessment and Analysis Project (MEAAP) -- a joint project of UMass Boston and UMass Lowell.
Fifty-four percent of those surveyed said their own businesses were growing compared to a year ago. While most projected no change in their number of employees over the next 12 months, 34 percent said they planned to hire additional workers and only 4 percent planned to decrease staff over the same period.
Expectations are high about the impact on the state economy of Governor Deval Patrick's $1 billion biotechnology plan, with 74 percent of the CEOs thinking it will be helpful to the state's biotechnology industry. An equal number -- 74 percent -- thought the Patrick plan was likely to increase the state's overall economic growth rate. Interestingly, while only 13 percent of CEO respondents said their companies were involved in any way in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, or medical device or instrumentation industries, 38 percent said they thought the governor's overall approach would be helpful to their companies.
"This survey confirms that the state -- and UMass Lowell -- are appropriately focusing on growing the biotech and life sciences industry," said UMass Lowell Chancellor Marty Meehan. "UMass Lowell has nano-medicine, biomanufacturing, and medical device development initiatives that can spur additional job growth in these critical sectors."
This is confirmed by 48% of the CEO's who indicate that the skilled workforce and proximity to research institutions are the state's greatest competitive advantage.
David Terkla, an economics professor at UMass Boston, who is a member
of the MEAAP analytic
|SOURCE University of Massachusetts Lowell
Copyright©2007 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


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Gotta admit, Earth Starfleet Command's not very diverse
View Single Post
October 19 2012, 03:03 PM
Fleet Captain
Re: Gotta admit, Earth Starfleet Command's not very diverse
teacock wrote:
Personally I think the MU response to first contact is more likely.
Same here, and even if it didnt straight away its likely the first set of aliens to suggest anything in our history didnt
happen the way certain books say it did, there would be war.
I thought the Enterprise crew were fairly diverse, Starfleet Command we only saw a handfull of senior officers and a couple of security guards. If you watch any of the series the crews sometimes look fairly non diverse if your only paying attention to skin colour.
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J by Jasper Conran Designer boy's white striped mock shirt collar polo shirt
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Akua Dixon At Central Brooklyn Jazz Festival
April 22, 2015Add new comment | Filed under: A Blog Supreme, Jazz Night In America
It's not as if there were ever clear paths for cello players beyond the European classical tradition, but Akua Dixon made one for herself. The New York City native found work in the pit band of the Apollo Theater, the multi-racial Symphony of the New World, and the bands of many jazz musicians — including drummer Max Roach's Double Quartet. As she developed her jazz chops, she also started her own string quartet, featured prominently on her new self-titled album. Akua Dixon also features her crafty arranging for strings over jazz standards and Afro-Latin grooves.
Jazz Night In America visits Sistas' Place in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn — a year-round venue which also helps to present an annual month-long grassroots festival in the heavily African-American neighborhood — to take in Akua Dixon's performance at the Central Brooklyn Jazz Festival. In addition to the string ensemble featured on her latest album, Dixon is also joined by her two children: vocalist Andromeda Turre and drummer Orion Turre.
Simón Bolívar Big Band Jazz In Concert
April 21, 2015Add new comment | Filed under: A Blog Supreme, Jazz Night In AmericaSimón Bolívar Big Band Jazz performs at Jazz at Lincoln Center. (Image Credit: Frank Stewart/Jazz at Lincoln Center)
The public youth music education program known as El Sistema has reached hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans, largely through participation in classical music ensembles. In 2007, drummer Andrés Briceño and head of the Simón Bolívar Conservatory of Music Valdemar Rodríguez introduced a jazz program to El Sistema, with the goal of promoting the music throughout Venezuela. The flagship ensemble, Simón Bolívar Big Band Jazz, presents the work of both American jazz masters and Venezuelan composers, and like its orchestral counterparts, has now toured the U.S.
Jazz Night In America presents Simón Bolívar Big Band Jazz during a recent stateside sojourn, from Dizzy's Club Coca-Cola within New York's Jazz at Lincoln Center.
The 2015 NEA Jazz Masters Concert
April 20, 2015Add new comment | Filed under: A Blog Supreme
In a concert and ceremony at Jazz at Lincoln Center in New York, the National Endowment for the Arts recognizes its 2015 class of Jazz Masters. The performance will be webcast live Monday at 7:30 p.m. EDT here and via arts.gov, jazz.org, wbgo.org and Sirius XM radio.
The NEA honors four individuals in 2015: composer and pianist Carla Bley, saxophonist and composer George Coleman, saxophonist and composer Charles Lloyd and venue proprietor Joe Segal.
The honor is the most substantial federally supported award for jazz artistry; those recognized each receive a $25,000 grant. This concert includes performances by Bley and Lloyd, as well as appearances by other NEA Jazz Masters and guest artists from multiple generations. Bassist Christian McBride, who is also host of NPR's Jazz Night In America, will emcee.
Since 1982, the NEA has now recognized 136 Jazz Masters (or group awards), all of whom were living at the time of their selection. In addition to the one-time grant, recipients are also invited to participate in NEA-sponsored performances and education programs across the country.Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.


text: A.W. Jackson | IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information IBDB: The official source for Broadway Information Official Broadway League sites: - sites - broadway.org broadwayleague.com broadwayfanclub.com kidsnightonbroadway.com stagespecs.org tonyawards.com Quick Search For: In This Category: All Show People/Org. Theatre Season A.W. Jackson Producer Productions ProductionsDate of ProductionsCinderella[Musical, Extravaganza, Original] Produced by A.W. Jackson Sep 09, 1861 - Oct 05, 1861 Find out where A.W. Jackson and are credited together © 2001-2015, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. (Copyright and Disclaimer)


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What causes tingling hands and feet? 13 possible conditions
See a list of possible causes in order from the most common to the least.
Raynaud's phenomenon is a condition where blood flow to your fingers, toes, ears or nose is restricted or interrupted. This occurs when the blood vessels in your hands or feet constrict. Episodes of constriction ar...
Megaloblastic anemia is a blood disorder marked by the appearance of very large red blood cells that crowd out healthy cells, causing anemia. Numbness or tingling in hands and feet is common sign.
Pernicious anemia (PA) is an autoimmune disorder in which the body fails to make enough healthy red blood cells (RBCs), resulting in vitamin B-12 deficiency. Most people experience a burning or sore tongue.
Peripheral neuropathy occurs when nerves malfunction because they're damaged or destroyed. You'll notice a tingling, numbness, or weakness, and possibly sweating, constipation, or diarrhea.
The vertebrae in your spine are cushioned by disks composed of a hard outer ring with a gelatinous material inside. Injury or weakness can cause the inner portion of the disk to break through the outer portion.
This condition is considered a medical emergency. Urgent care may be required.
Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare but serious autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks healthy nerve cells of the peripheral nervous system. This leads to weakness, numbness, and tingling, and ca...
Hypoparathyroidism occurs when the parathyroid glands in the neck don't produce enough hormone (PTH). Too little PTH causes low calcium and high phosphorus levels in the body. Many of its symptoms concern low calciu...
Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of types 1 and 2 diabetes due to uncontrolled high blood sugar levels that result in damage to the nerves. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), between 6...
A lack of calcium can lead to diseases like osteoporosis and calcium deficiency disease (hypocalcemia). Severe deficiency can result in numbness and tingling in the mouth, lips, hands and feet, among other signs.
Radiculopathy refers to disease of the spinal nerve roots. Radiculopathy produces pain , numbness, or weakness radiating from the spine.
This condition is considered a medical emergency. Urgent care may be required.
An aneurysm in the brain is a weak area in an artery in the brain that bulges out and fills with blood. It can be unpredictable and life-threatening, and can cause extremely serious conditions.
This condition is considered a medical emergency. Urgent care may be required.
An intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) occurs when blood suddenly bursts into brain tissue, causing damage to the brain, which may present symptoms similar to that of a stroke. Lobar intracerebral hemorrhages occur in th...
This condition is considered a medical emergency. Urgent care may be required.
Food poisoning occurs when you consume foods contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Symptoms are usually uncomfortable but not severe. Serious reactions can be life threatening and require medical treatment.
Please consult a healthcare professional if you have health concerns.
Click to add a symptom to your list
- Top Symptoms
Copyright © 2005 - 2015 Healthline Networks, Inc. All rights reserved for Healthline. Healthline is for informational purposes and should not be considered medical advice, diagnosis or treatment recommendations. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy


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Michael Whelan is much in demand for interviews and lectures about his work and career. Here are some common questions and topics covered in these discussions and his thoughts on the subjects. If you have a question about something not covered, please contact us. We will ask Michael and let you know his answer. If it's a great question, we may include it in the FAQ's.
- We offer many reproductions in our online shop that are already signed by Michael Whelan.
- We post news here on the website and try to give you advance notice whenever Michael is making a personal appearance and he usually signs autographs then.
- If you have a question about a personalization on an item you are ordering from our online shop, please contact us.
- If you have a non-commercial fan art gallery type of site, Michael Whelan may allow you to display a few images with a link back to this website. Please contact us for permission.
- To report a possible copyright infringement, please contact us. Thank you for your help!
- Michael sincerely appreciates all your enthusiasm and support and it is difficult for him to say "no" to fans, but he cannot allow any altering of his images. Every presentation of his artwork reflects on his craft and he cannot guarantee quality reproduction on any site except this one.
- If an image is taken from a book cover or other illustration, there is also the author, musician, or publisher's copyright to consider.
- It would violate copyright laws to use his copyrighted image in any commercial transaction without his express permission, but Michael does allow you to have one of his images reproduced as a tattoo on your own body. Although in strict terms the tattoo artist is being paid for the service and it is a commercial transaction, Michael Whelan grants his permission on a one-time basis.
- If you have some other personal project in mind, please contact us in advance at moc.n1444777101alehW1444777101leahc1444777101iM@la1444777101geL1444777101 for his approval.
Many of his album covers over the years have featured previously created images from his illustration and personal gallery work. For more information about secondary rights, see the question below.
For quickest response be sure to provide relevant details on the project in your initial inquiry, such as how the artwork will be used (as the cover of a book or an interior illustration?), the size of the print run (if applicable), and your budget.
If you have sent an email regarding an order you have placed and not received a reply, please call us at 203-798-6063.
If you have a general question, be sure to read through the FAQ's – your question may be answered here.
We have had an exclusive Michael Whelan website since 1996 with online ordering since 1998.


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prioritybooksvc Reviews and Ratings
prioritybooksvcSeller rating: (536) 99% *
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*This is the seller's all-time positive feedback score, calculated by the number of positive ratings / (positives + negatives)


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Rockfax Description20m. From a short way up the gully, climb the right-hand face of the tower to the last horizontal then step left and improvise those last couple of metres using a pinch-grip if you want! © ROCKFAX
Photo: Jim Moran (L) on The Pinch and Simon Horrox (R) on the first ascent of Borstal Breakout, both 1978 © Al Evans
Submit a new photo of this climb.
keith leonard - 2011


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About Align Technology, Inc.
Align Technology designs, manufactures and markets Invisalign, a proprietary method for treating malocclusion, or the misalignment of teeth. Invisalign corrects malocclusion using a series of clear, nearly invisible, removable appliances that gently move teeth to a desired final position. Because it does not rely on the use of metal or ceramic brackets and wires, Invisalign significantly reduces the aesthetic and other limitations associated with braces. Invisalign is appropriate for treating adults and teens. Align Technology was founded in March 1997 and received FDA clearance to market Invisalign in 1998. Today, the Invisalign product family includes Invisalign, Invisalign Teen, Invisalign Assist, Invisalign Express, and Vivera Retainers.
To learn more about Invisalign or to find an Invisalign-trained doctor in your area, please visit http://www.invisalign.com or call 1-800-INVISIBLE.
Investor Relations Contact Shirley Stacy Align Technology, Inc. (408) 470-1150 email@example.com Press Contact Shannon Mangum Henderson Ethos Communication, Inc. (678) 540-9222 email@example.com
|SOURCE Align Technology, Inc.
Copyright©2009 PR Newswire.
All rights reserved


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custom external oil/air and oil/water build
Background: I have a 42 foot Toybox, which gets loaded with sand car and couple quads and bikes, the trailer weight alone sits right at 20k. Then I used to haul it all around NV and SoCal to major dunes. The truck ran too hot.
I got the BPD ext kit, and it did way better! But, i still overheat her (get oil into 250+ on long grades). I have the 08 front end so have extra room up front, built a custom setup to hold air/oil cooler out front, and that helped, but I need more. I talked to Ken at BPD and he is very knowledgeable and helpful. He mentioned a custom setup that he has done some personal testing on, and gave me some pointers. Thanks Ken. Anyway here it is in the making:
External Oil / Water cooler by MOCAL the largest one they make. Ran on many race vehicles and well tested in the race industry.
My Current setup as of this morning:
Parts laid out, im going to start with a parelle setup, the oil will feed to a "tee" and go through both coolers:
Pics of the cooler, oil comes in the channel, spreads out, around the fins, and exits:
This is picture of the Plug that goes in the inlet. If all of the coolant ran through at high pressure ,you remove the plug and water flows through middle. With my low pressure system (the old egr supply) I cap the inlet, water has to flow around outside channels, still fills the cooler at the back end, but is forced to flow around the outside.
Tomorrow I will re weld a cage to hold it all and try her out! Im hoping it will "warm" the oil faster when cold, and give me at least a 10 degree extra temp drop when hot. Ken and I figured it should. The oil will take the path of least resistance, which will be the water/oil cooler at startup as it will be warmer. Once hot, I will have to note what temp drops I see. Im very excited, did a lot of research and race vehicles using this exact cooler see major drops in EOT. I will keep this post up to date. Should have time to finish tomorrow. The oil is plumbed off the BPD ext kit, with Tees at the air cooler. The water runs from the exit at the oil cover (where EGR supply was) direct through the cooler and back to degas. I have the GOGO intake, with no egr components at all. I will let you know how it works! I timed my ECT and EOT rise from dead cold this morning. Once the install is done, I will try that again and post the difference in warm up time.
Last edited by jetjock15; 09-08-2012 at 04:55 PM.
Very interesting option.
My one concern would be with the coolant return to the degas bottle, that return port into the degas is very small on the I.D. (about 5/32"), I ran a 5mm drill into mine to open it up slightly. The coolant outlet on the BPD transfer block (and the outlet on the OEM oil cooler) is about 1/2" I.D. and uses 5/8" hose. You might consider splitting the return with a tee and returning into both of the vent/returns on the degas, or get a custom tee made that you could cut into the top radiator hose that would provide a 5/8" return port. Then you could use 10AN hose and fittings for the coolant supply and return.
This sounds pretty interesting. Tagging to see how it works out. If all works well I may try a similar setup minus the bpd cooler and try to ileviate the oil cooler problems with the OEM coolers.
good input artic fox. I have been running the GOGO stage 1 manifold for about a year now and have towed heavy over 6000 miles with it. It eliminates all egr and necks the coolant flow down to 3/8 line, back to bottle. Initially this seemed odd, but lots of guys runnin the GOGO setup without one failure of waterpump or related issues with the flow going right back to degas bottle in 3/8 line. For my bulletproof D cover, i switched out the water out fitting for one that matched when i first installed the GOGO and BPD cooler.
Are you running a different radiator/intercooler? Looked into a water/meth injection for those long grades?
Interested to see where this thread goes. Good luck.
I have heard that BPD was looking into using larger oil coolers for the DRW trucks, that might be a easier solution
Mike I have a banks intercooler, stock radiator. Water temps never been an issue, only oil. I have stayed away from injection kits just cause I'm not sold on reliability. But never did too much research.
Lubbock, I've been in touch with BPD tech plenty, this is the route that will offer the most EOT cooling.
Will work on it today and post more pics
Heres a pic of it together. Very frustrated, started it up and one end of the new cooler leaks. will have to order a new end gasket, very cheap, but i have to pull it all out agian, so a bit frustrating. seems like it should be a good setup when all done. Until next weekend then....
what is the pressure drop across the MOCAL ?
so oil flows in the rectangular areas on both ends and around the round cylinder.
And the coolant flows in the 20 or 30 little holes inside the round cylinder ?
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Tony Wentworth Photographer
Marie L NicoleModel Female Woodbridge, Virginia, US My MM URL: http://www.modelmayhem.com/L2075
Mayhem # 2211088
About MeElizabeth Marie
I am an aspiring author, poet, and model. I am currently working on my first literary work to be published soon by the end of the winter season. As I work towards this endeavor, I am setting several goals to build upon marketing myself into both industries. I am looking for talented, passionate, and genuine photographers to take photos of me that lean more towards authentic portraits. I love black and white photos but I am open to just about anything. Most importantly I am searching for photographers that will help me in advertising myself for right now as a model which I hope will help jump start my publicity as a writer.
CreditsPhotography by Roslyn Parker
Tony Wentworth Photographer
Tony Richards Photographer
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M u M u Photographer
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Jacob Moyer recently harvested this acorn-thief during Pennsylvania's squirrel season. Great job, Jacob!
Equipment Used:
Ben Pearson Recurve
Aluminum Easton arrows
feild points
small game blades
Victor Nowaczewski recently made his first harvest using all primitive homemade gear. Great job, Victor!
Here's Damian Thorne with his latest traditional harvest. Damian tells us: "Was cutting some wood when this little guy came up on the wood pile grabbed my new blackwidow and took a ten yard shot a took this chipmunk OUT!"
Equipment Used:
Black Widow bow 49# @27 in
Easton Full Metal Jackets
Here's Victor Nowaczewski with a recent raccoon harvest. "I shot it as a pest because it kept coming back and eating from our cat's food dish. I was in plain sight but I just stood still and he didn't notice me a few yards away from him until he was shot."
Jacob Moyer has begun the Traditional Journey thanks to his grandfather and a certain well-known hunting personality. Jacob tells us: "So far I shot 6 chipmunks with my recurve. The Person Who inspired me most is my grandfather. Also Tred Barta. I would really like to met him one day. I like doing It the hard way, the Barta way and I'm sticking to it." Sounds like the future of traditional bowhunting is in good hands with guys like Jacob taking up the stick-n-string challenge!
Jacob Moyer is quickly becoming a Chipmunk Champ! Jacob tells us the story about his latest trophy: "I shot this Pope and Young chipmunk while I was hunting for groundhog. It was starting to get dark so when I saw this chipmunk running around I took the shot and it was perfect. The shot was about 8 to 10 yards away. Tred Barta if your looking at this picture, I'm keeping the tradition going."
3Rivers Archery Techs are Longbow and Recurve Experts that are here to help you find exactly what you need to keep you shooting on the range and in the woods. We are #1 in customer service and back our products with 100% Satisfaction Guarantee. Shop with confidence. Call or email us any time with your questions. We are happy to help!


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Dartmouth's Daily Blog
News, commentary, criticism and praise for the College on the Hill, enlivened with history, culture and travel when we feel so moved.
Archived post
This is an archived post. Please click here to see the latest entries.
« President Phil Speaks | Home | Reactions to Hanlon — Then and Now »
Dartmouth's Levin?
After a ploddingly ineffective and financially disastrous Jim Wright, an all-glitz-all-the-time Jim Kim, and IP "Footnote" Folt, let's hope for an effective President in Phil Hanlon '77, along the lines of Yale's outgoing leader Rick Levin.
We need a President who can solve problems big and small, and most importantly, choose a staff of senior administrators who can do the same. President Hanlon (such is my hopefulness and respect for his previous achievements that I will call him "President" from now on, not "President-elect") comes to the College at a truly critical moment: we are not at an "inflection point"; rather, we need a President who can stop an accelerating slide.
Addendum: A member of the faculty takes issue with one comment above:
We do not "need a president who can solve problems big and small." We need a president who can tell the difference. It looks like we will soon have one.
Featured posts
August 14, 2013
Breaking: Of Crips and Bloods and Memories of Ghetto Parties
History repeats itself, first as tragedy and then as farce, or sometimes it just repeats itself. From the New York Times on November 30, 1998: At Dartmouth College, white students at a "ghetto party" dressed…
June 25, 2013
Dean of the College Charlotte Johnson's War on Students Part (2/2)
Part 1, Part 2 Today's post again recounts the events that befell the Freshman. However, the content of the Hanover Police department report reproduced in this space yesterday is supplemented by information from my own…
October 18, 2009
When Love Beckoned in 52nd Street
We were at San Francisco's BIX last evening, enjoying prosecco, cheese, and a bit of music. A full year of inhabitation in Northern California has unraveled to me no decent venue for proper lounging, but…
October 9, 2009
D Afraid of a Little Competish
So our colleague and Dartblog writer Joe Asch informed me that the D has rejected our cunning advertising campaign. Uh-oh. The Dartmouth is widely known as a breeding ground for instant New York Times successes,…
September 4, 2009
How Regents Should Reign
As Dartmouth alumni proceed through the legal hoops necessary to defuse a Board-packing plan—which put in unhappy desuetude an historic 1891 Agreement between alumni and the College guaranteeing a half-democratically-elected Board of Trustees—it strikes one…
August 29, 2009
Election Reform Study Committee
If you are an alum of the College on the Hill, you may have received a number of e-mails of late beseeching your input for a new arm of the College's Alumni Control Apparatus called…


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only 8 games out of the wild card.
who knows a win sunday and a winning road trip next week and maybe we can dream again.
only 8 games out of the wild card.
who knows a win sunday and a winning road trip next week and maybe we can dream again.
there's nothing like bowling a 300 game! 13 now and retired.
Ricky henderson has a higher OBP than C. patterson and he's retired. C. Trent 6-14-2008
I was waiting for someone to say this. Here comes the slide now.
I won't believe it until I read it on OhioSportsNews.
Fool's gold (as Bob Huggins always says). Unless we learn to score more runs...
Remember, we are playing the Nationals.
"You only have to bat a thousand in two things; flying and heart transplants. Everything else you can go 4-for-5."
-Beano Cook
If the past seven years are any indication, they'll lose intensity and coast for a lousy 7-10 game stretch. It will begin with blowing the game painfully tomorrow, and then saying it was OK because they won 3 out of 4.
"Don't trust any statistics you did not fake yourself."--Winston Churchill
next week win maybe keep the team together, lose next week then its time to go nuclear.
It's already past time to start dealing what can be dealt. Making this kind of mistake is part of what has kept this team as mediocre as it is. It's a bad team. Does not deserve to be competitive. Many of the parts are vastly overrated by many RZers. Time to deal with it realistically.
Coolstandings.com gives today's Reds a 1.4% chance of winning the wild card. Unless someone replaces the second half of the Reds schedule with a continuous series of games against Washington, I'd say that's about right.
I wasn't looking for them to win it before and I think I'll continue to not "look now."
Not sure why people keep saying we're a "bad" team. The standings/stats tell a different story. Since mid-April we've been an average team-- slightly above .500 actually.
This is a mediocre team, period. The good news for me as a fan is that this is a mediocre team with SIGNIFICANT upside. Our quality starts aren't coming from the Jimmy Haynes' of the world thesedays.
I have virtually ZERO hope of making a playoff run this year-- I think the Reds will finish between 79-83 wins, and that will most certainly not get it done this season. But this team has me intruiged and interested. And with that being the case, I see no harm in at least glancing at the standings from time to time.
Whether it's a bad team or a mediocre team depends on what you consider the goal: if you want the kind of team that is in the playoffs every year, then--in relation to that goal--this team looks pretty bad. I also think RZers generally significantly overrate the upside. The one really franchise changing talent on this club was traded by Krivsky for a promising but very young and inexperienced pitcher who will end up having his best years--if he acquires significantly more command than he now has--in some other organization in the future. There are some interesting parts here now, but not nearly enough depth for this team to compare to the really good teams in the NL. Don't forget this team just lost two or three games at home to Pittsburgh.
Board Moderators may, at their discretion and judgment, delete and/or edit any messages that violate any of the following guidelines: 1. Explicit references to alleged illegal or unlawful acts. 2. Graphic sexual descriptions. 3. Racial or ethnic slurs. 4. Use of edgy language (including masked profanity). 5. Direct personal attacks, flames, fights, trolling, baiting, name-calling, general nuisance, excessive player criticism or anything along those lines. 6. Posting spam. 7. Each person may have only one user account. It is fine to be critical here - that's what this board is for. But let's not beat a subject or a player to death, please.


text:
Nashville, TN (PRWEB) November 18, 2013
All month long, the doctors and staff at Nashville Periodontal Group are educating patients about the importance of effective gum disease treatment in Nashville, TN as part of their recognition of Diabetes Awareness Month. The link between diabetes and periodontal disease is a proven two-way street, making the maintenance of healthy gums an integral part of achieving overall optimal health.
When gums are infected with periodontal disease, bacterium is able to spread from the gums through the body. Naturally, the body works to fight this infection and, as a result of the body's response, blood sugar levels rise. If gum disease is left untreated, the rise in blood sugar level continues for extended periods of time. For people who already have diabetes, this can seriously compromise their ability to manage their disease and open them up to other problems including kidney damage, heart attack, eye damage or stroke. For non-diabetics, a continued elevation of the blood sugar levels puts them at greater risk for contracting gestational diabetes or Type 2 diabetes. This, therefore, opens these patients up to the same risks as all diabetics.
Nashville Periodontal Group offers leading gum disease treatment in Nashville, TN to help combat the problems associated with diabetes and maintain proper oral health. Early action when gum disease is first suspected is always best and the initial signs can include swollen, tender, red or even bleeding gums. As periodontal disease progresses, many other risks such as tooth loss, bone loss, and diabetes emerge.
The risk of periodontal disease among diabetics has been known for some t
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BMW Business E46 CD Changer Radio Tape ALPINE Headunit
on ebay now.. ending in a few hours. cant get any cheaper than this...
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MISSISSAUGA, Ontario, May 9, 2011 /PRNewswire/ --
Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. (NYSE: VRX) (TSX: VRX) announces first quarter financial results for 2011.
"Our performance in the first quarter is a strong start to what I believe will be another successful year for Valeant," said J. Michael Pearson, chairman and chief executive officer. "Our specialty businesses performed well and our branded generic operations, in particular Central Europe, exceeded our expectations this quarter. This strong performance is a testament to our diversified business model that gives us the ability to pursue acquisition opportunities, while continuing to deliver strong operating results."
RevenueTotal revenue was $565.0 million in the first quarter of 2011 as compared to $219.6 million in the first quarter of 2010. Included in total revenue was $36.0 million of alliance and royalty revenue related to the out-license of product rights for Cloderm, a mid-potency steroid with an annual revenue run rate of approximately $7 million, that was completed on March 31, 2011. Product sales were $500.4 million in the fi
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 2, 2004
|Filing date
|Jun 2, 2003
|Priority date
|Jun 2, 2003
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Thomas King, Thomas Ricks, David Murray
|Original Assignee
|King Thomas M., Thomas Ricks, David Murray
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Referenced by (29), Classifications (16), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to satellite positioning system enabled wireless communications devices, for example, cellular telephones having Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, devices and methods therefor.
[0002] The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a worldwide navigation system that is based on a constellation of earth-orbiting satellites, which are used as reference points to calculate positions on earth. GPS based positioning computations are based upon "triangulation" wherein a GPS signal receiver determines distances to several satellites based upon the travel time of GPS signals transmitted from the corresponding satellites. In addition to determining distances to satellites, GPS receivers may also obtain information from GPS signals indicative of positions of the satellites in space. GPS receivers may also correct for GPS signal transmission delay through the atmosphere and perform other functions.
[0003] The integration of GPS receivers with cellular telephones is being driven initially to comply with the emergency location (E-911) mandate of the Federal Communications Commission in the United States. GPS-based position determination technology will also enable location-based applications and value-added services in cellular telephones and other communications devices.
[0004] In GPS enabled cellular telephones, it is common for radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted from cellular transceiver antenna to couple with GPS antenna. As a result, radio energy from the cellular transceiver interferes with the operation of the GPS receiver. The relatively close proximity of the GPS receiver and antenna to the cellular transceiver and antenna in increasingly small handset form-factors favored by consumers aggravates this interference.
[0005] In addition to interfering with the reception and decoding of GPS signals while the cellular transceiver is transmitting, GPS receiver operation may also be disrupted while the cellular transceiver is in idle or receive mode. An automatic gain control (AGC) circuit is typically used to adjust the gain of the signal received by GPS antennas to power levels suitable for processing by the GPS receiver. The coupling of RF energy from the cellular antenna to the GPS antenna, however, generally increases the strength of the signal applied to the input of the GPS receiver. In response, the AGC circuit tends to reduce the gain of the GPS signal applied to the GPS receiver. When the cellular transceiver transitions from transmit to idle or receive mode, the gain applied by the AGC module to the signal at the GPS receiver may then be too low. The AGC module must subsequently increase the applied gain in response to the lower power level, but latency associated with controlling the gain of the GPS signal has an adverse effect on GPS signal processing.
[0006] All known prior art schemes to blank GPS signals during operation or transmission of radio transceiver signals are based upon sending a blanking signal to the GPS receiver upon detecting the presence of a jamming signal outside of the GPS receiver, before the jammer enters the receiver. U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,960 entitled "Reducing Cross-Interference In A Combined GPS Receiver And Communication System" discloses, for example, controlling a GPS receiver based on the power of a radio communications power amplifier. Particularly, U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,960 discloses activating or deactivating the GPS receiver front-end and the processing of GPS signals based upon a power level control signal applied to the radio communications power amplifier. Alternatively, U.S. Pat. No. 6,107,960 discloses halting the processing of GPS signals when the power level control signal is high.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 6,442,375 entitled "Systems And Methods For Maintaining Operation of A Receiver Co-Located With A Transmitter And Susceptible To Interference Therefrom By Sensitization Of The Receiver" discloses desensitizing the GPS receiver to the affects of TDMA signal transmissions. During communication transmissions, an automatic gain control (AGC) module maintains, i.e., prevents the reduction of, gain applied to GPS signals in response to an AGC control logic signal or in response to a communication protocol program signal during TDMA transmission intervals. During idle and receiver modes, the AGC module resumes control of the GPS signal gain. This scheme merely eliminates the latency associated with cyclical GPS signal gain control discussed above, but does not prevent interference of the GPS signal. U.S. Pat. No. 6,442,375 also discloses isolating the GPS receiver from the GPS antenna with RF switch control logic or with a communication protocol program during transmission intervals.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 6,448,925 entitled "Jamming Detection And Blanking For GPS Receivers" discloses turning off a GPS receiver in the presence of jamming, which is detected by increases in the output of chained correlators, or by the presence of clock drift in the absence of temperature changes, or by sudden changes in the signal to noise ratio (S/N) of the received GPS signal. U.S. Pat. No. 6,448,925 relies upon dead reckoning methods in lieu of GPS position determination in the presence of jamming.
[0009] Eric Hoffman disclosed in a publication at the IEEE Position, Location and Navigation Symposium in 1978 entitled "GPSPAC: A Spaceborne GPS Navigation Set" a method of blanking the input of a GPS receiver with an external blanking pulse to permit GPS operation in the presence of high-power on-board radar altimeter emitters.
[0010] The various aspects, features and advantages of the disclosure will become more fully apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon careful consideration of the following Detailed Description thereof with the accompanying drawings described below.
[0011]FIG. 1 is an exemplary receiver susceptible to interference from a co-located transmitter.
[0012]FIG. 2 is a generalized process diagram for eliminating a jamming signal.
[0013]FIG. 3 is a process schematic for detecting and blanking a jamming signal.
[0014]FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary GPS receiver.
[0015]FIG. 5 illustrates the buffering I/Q signal samples at the output of the GPS correlator.
[0016]FIG. 6 illustrates TDMA signals relative to an observation window of a receiver capture buffer.
[0017]FIG. 7 illustrates a plot of the magnitude of capture data relative to an observation window.
[0018]FIG. 8 illustrates sequential data capture windows and processing associated with data capture.
[0019]FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an alternative GPS receiver.
[0020]FIG. 10 is a partial schematic block diagram of an exemplary blanking signal generator.
[0021]FIG. 11 is another partial schematic block diagram of an exemplary blanking signal generator.
[0022]FIG. 12 is another partial schematic block diagram of an exemplary blanking signal generator.
[0023]FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary mobile wireless communications device 100 including a satellite positioning system (SPS) receiver, for example, a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver 110 and a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) transmitter 120, which is part of a cellular wireless transceiver in the exemplary embodiment. In other embodiments, the SPS receiver and transmitter is part of some other mobile communications device, for example, a laptop computer, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a pager, Internet/intranet access device, a personal organizer, palmtop receivers, among other communications devices. In other embodiments, the SPS receiver and transmitter is part of fixed communications device, for example, a fixed base station transmitter.
[0024] Generally, the SPS receiver is susceptible to interference from the transmitter during transmission. In FIG. 1, the exemplary TDMA transmitter transmits data packets in burst pattern 124, which interferes with reception at the GPS receiver. More generally, the receiver susceptible to the interference is a receiver other than the exemplary SPS receiver, and the transmitter that creates the interference is a transmitter other than the exemplary cellular communications transmitter.
[0025] Because the mobile wireless communications devices are relatively small, and the trend is toward increasingly smaller devices, there is an increased likelihood of interference between transmitter and receiver. In FIG. 1, for example, the spatial separation between the GPS antenna 112 and the cellular transceiver antenna 122 is minimal, which creates an environment for radio frequency (RF) coupling from the cellular transceiver antenna 122 to the GPS antenna 112. FIG. 1 illustrates antenna coupling at 126. The interference can also arise from inter-circuit coupling between a transmitter circuit and receiver. FIG. 1 illustrates inter-circuit coupling at 128. Coupling is especially problematic in the embodiments where the circuits are collocated or share portions of their mechanical assembly in order to reduce space usage or reduce cost.
[0026] The interference from the transmitter to receiver may be especially acute where the receiver receives relatively weak signals compared to those transmitted by the transmitter. In FIG. 1, the GPS receiver 110 receives satellite signals 101, 102, 103 . . . from corresponding satellites SV1, SV2, SV3 . . . Satellite signals are typically very weak, the strongest of which are at or below −130 dBm. More typically, environmental blockage of satellite signals, for example, by heavy foliage or building obstructions, can reduce the received satellite signal strength even further. Presently, some satellite receivers are expected to receive signals as low as −150 dBM to −160 dBm. Receiving such a weak GPS signal is difficult without the presence of interference, but becomes impossible when a strong out-of-band interfering signal, or jammer, is present. A GSM transmitter in a hand-held cellular telephone can output at much as +23 dBm of signal energy in the target band (800, 900, 1800, or 1900 MHz) when communicating digital voice and data information to a cellular infrastructure.
[0027] When a sensitive receiver is placed on the same circuit board as a high-power transmitter, it is very difficult to build in sufficient inter-circuit isolation on the circuit card to prevent the transmitter from jamming the receiver, particularly when the receiver must work simultaneously over a much lower signal range. Thus, even with perfect filtering in the receiver antenna, on-board inter-circuit leakage of the transmitter energy path may adversely affect the input of the receiver.
[0028] While the exemplary GPS receiver and transmitter are integrated in a wireless communications handset in FIG. 1, in other embodiments more generally the transmitter and receiver susceptible to the interference may be discrete devices. Thus in other embodiments, the interfering signals may originate from a source that is farther removed in location from the receiver than in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 wherein the GPS receiver 110 and the cellular transmitter 120 are co-located.
[0029] In one exemplary embodiment, a TDMA transmitter sends a data burst during a timeslot equal in duration to 15/26ths of 1 millisecond (ms), the "on" time. The "off time" is approximately 4.615 ms. In this exemplary application, there are eight (8) timeslots per TDMA frame and the handset only transmits during one of these frames. Hence, the transmitter is activated only 12.5% of the time as illustrated in FIG. 1 in which individual data packets separated in time are sent to the infrastructure. Accordingly, it is possible to inactivate GPS receiver during the 12.5% of the time that the transmitter is active, leaving 87.5% of the time for GPS receiver to be active. In the exemplary application, the GPS "off" periods are very short, less than one GPS code period (977.5 microseconds) and only about 1/20 the duration of a GPS data bit. The effective sensitivity loss is a factor of 0.875 or −0.58 dB, which can be overcome by integrating for a time period slightly longer than that required for detecting GPS signals when no jamming signal is present.
[0030] Jamming can affect the receiver in several ways. In the exemplary GPS receiver application, the low noise amplifier (LNA) of the receiver may saturate under the influence of the jammer signal. LNA saturation may occur even the presence of in-line filters, such as a ceramic pass-band filter, that selectively allow some signals to pass with little attenuation and that attenuate other signals are at different frequencies, for example, frequencies other than the GPS center frequency. In-line filters generally protect the receiver front-end from overloading as long as the undesired signal power produce a signal voltage that is less than the saturation point of the amplifier after attenuation and amplification of the noise. In addition to interfering with the reception and decoding of the received signals while the cellular transceiver is transmitting, receiver operation may also be disrupted while the cellular transceiver is idle or receive mode as the receiver gain is adjusted after the transition. The foregoing examples, some of which are discussed in the Background of the invention, are not intended to be exhaustive.
[0031] In the exemplary process 200 of FIG. 2, interfering signal is detected at block 210. In one embodiment, the jamming signal is detected by observation internally to the receiver affected by the interference or jamming signal, and more particularly by detecting the presence of a jamming signal in the receiver after the jamming signal enters the receiver, rather than by monitoring the source of the jamming signal. In embodiments of the disclosure where the jamming signal is detected within the receiver, no external circuitry is required to detect and blank the receiver, since the receiver self-detects the presence of potentially interfering jammer and self-eliminates the jammer. Thus no additional inputs to the receiver are required, for example, where a GPS receiver is embedded in a cell phone battery pack or in an accessory. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the jamming signal is detected outside the receiver affected by the jamming signal, for example, by detecting the jamming signal at its source.
[0032] In one embodiment, the jamming signal pattern is detected in a correlator output of the GPS receiver, although more generally the jamming signal pattern maybe detected elsewhere in the receiver, which is not necessarily a GPS or SPS receiver. FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary TDMA signal 300 with data bursts 302, 304, 306 . . . that interfere with a receiver having a correlator. FIG. 3 also illustrates a correlator output having corresponding signal characteristics 312, 314, 316 . . . that correspond in time with the jamming signal bursts.
[0033] Generally, the jamming signal is eliminated or at least reduced by blanking the receiver with a blanking signal synchronized with the jamming signal. Many interfering signals are transmitted with repeating or predictable patterns, for example, TDMA over-the-air protocols are known to possess specific pulse repetition intervals (PRI) and pulse width durations (PWD) based on the particular standard with which it complies, for example, GSM transmits data packets having a 477 microsecond pulse duration every 4.615 ms. Thus, a jamming signal having a repeating or predictable pattern, may be blanked with a synchronized blanking signal having similar characteristic. In FIG. 3, a characteristic of the jamming signal at the correlator output, for example, its PRI and/or PWD, is detected at block 320.
[0034] In FIG. 2, at block 220, a blanking signal is generated, having a substantially similar characteristic as the detected jamming signal, based on the pattern of the jamming signal. The blanking signal is also synchronized with the jamming signal. In FIG. 2, at block 230, the blanking signal is used to remove or eliminate the jamming signal in the receiver. In FIG. 3, at block 330, a synchronous blanking signal is generated having substantially the same characteristic as the jamming signal. The exemplary blanking signal pulses 342, 344, 346 . . . have a slightly wider pulse wide duration that the corresponding jamming signal pulses 307, 308, 309 . . . , which ensure complete blanking of the jamming signals. In some embodiments the amplitude of the blanking signal pulses may also be greater than that of the jamming signal pulses.
[0035] In some embodiments, the automatic gain control (AGC) of the receiver is maintained during blanking, rather than attempting to compensate the AGC, thus avoiding known problems in the art. In the exemplary GPS receiver blanking applications, the one or more correlators of the GPS receiver are frozen or suspended during blanking, or the correlator outputs are zeroed during blanking, or alternatively the correlator outputs may be ignored during blanking.
[0036]FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an exemplary GPS receiver 400 capable of self-detection and elimination of periodic jamming signals from a nearby transmitter. The receiver has one or more upper channels 410 for traditional signal processing on received signals including dispreading 412, Doppler wipe-off 414, coherent integration 416 for between 1-20 ms, data demodulation 418, I & Q detection 420, and in some embodiments further filtering such as non-coherent integration 422 in which the final output 424 is used to measure one or more pseudo ranges. The GPS receiver of FIG. 4 is only exemplary, and is not intended to limit the invention. In other embodiments, the receiver may have other forms, for example, it may be a different type of receiver or it may be a GPS or SPS receiver having a different architecture.
[0037] In FIG. 4, in one embodiment, a switch 426 is located in the data path somewhere between the A/D converter 428 and the coherent integrator 416 to enable eliminating the summation data from the integrator 416 leaving the A/D converter that coincides in time to an active local TDMA transmitter, which produces the exemplary jamming signal. In the exemplary embodiment, the switch 426 is located between the Doppler wipe-off 414 and the integrator 416, but in other embodiments the switch could be located elsewhere. In one embodiment, one or more signal data paths are modified as illustrated in the lower signal path 430. The lower signal path contains all the elements of the upper data path, but adds a pulse-repetition interval detector 432 and a blanking pulse generator 434.
[0038] In FIG. 4, the output 435 of the blanking pulse generator 434 is used to control the switch 426 between an open and closed state. The switch also controls the automatic gain control (AGC) 436. The AGC interprets the blanking pattern generator output signal 435 so that the AGC state is held constant (held) during active blanking periods. The AGC is allowed to adapt normally however when the blanking pattern generator output signal 435 is inactive.
[0039] In one embodiment, the lower path 430 detects the presence of the jammer energy by observation of the output of the coherent correlator 438 at some periodic interval, for example, at 1 ms intervals. If the nearby transmitter is a GSM transmitter, then the TDMA pulses occur for a 477-microsecond pulse duration every 4.615 ms. The PRI and PWD of the jammer signal is generally asynchronous relative to the 1 ms period for processing the GPS signal, and thus the blanking pulse 435 must be synchronized with the TDMA jammer signal.
[0040] GPS receivers typically use internal timing signals for processing received GPS signals, which are periodic. For example, the spread spectrum portion of the signal repeats on 1 ms intervals, thus it is required that a coherent integrator sum for at least 1 ms for proper signal detection. The navigation data bit content on the satellite transmitted message sequence is transmitted at a 50 bit per second rate, thus it is also desirable to have internal timing generators within the GPS receiver for processing 20 ms periods of time corresponding to each data bit. A period of time associated with a particular number of integer data bits is typically used to generate internal timing signals, such as 100 ms and 1 second periodic timing events synchronized to the GPS reception process. Thus, there are internal timing signals within a GPS receiver that occur at 1 ms, 20 ms, 100 ms, and 1 second rates that could exist as physical hardware (interrupt) signals or be based on accumulating a certain number of the faster rate signals in a software process. It is these internal timing signals that are used to measure the timing of the TDMA energy pulses relative to the internal GPS timing signals so that blanking pulse generator can be set to the proper timing to eliminate the TDMA signal from the main-stream signal path. Other receivers may have other timing signals that may be used for this purpose. Otherwise it may be necessary to generate timing signals.
[0041] In the exemplary embodiment, the jamming signal energy, which is out-of-band jamming in the exemplary application, causes an increase in the noise floor, which is measurable at the output of the coherent GPS integrate and dump filter. In one embodiment, the PN code generator is turned off to improve the noise measurement.
[0042]FIG. 5 illustrates the collection of I/Q signal samples at the output of the GPS coherent integrator 500 in a buffer 510. In FIG. 6, the I/Q signal samples are collected at a 1 ms rate, for a period of 100 ms (or the period of the GPS measurement epoch period). The 1st sample captured is synchronous with a periodic GPS measurement epoch or with an internal GPS timing signal, such as a 100 ms interrupt or other GPS measurement epoch event. All timing measurements internal to GPS are accomplished relative to the measurement epoch point. In other embodiments, other time periods may be used alternatively. The I & Q samples in the buffer contain a timing record of the output of the 1 ms coherent integrator 500.
[0043] In FIG. 7, the magnitude of all signal samples is computed. Then the magnitude samples are examined for periodic rises in the magnitude that is synchronous with the a-priori known TDMA pulse pattern, which is illustrated in FIG. 6. In FIG. 7, signal characteristics dT1, dT2, dT3 are measured and compared to the known pulse pattern. For the exemplary GSM application, about 21 pulses are present in a 100 ms sample. Since the sample period is 1 ms, there will be some samples that completely contain a TDMA energy burst. Other pulses will overlap two 1-ms sample periods, distributing their energy according to the overlap.
[0044] In one embodiment, all TDMA pulses are evaluated for magnitude and degree of overlap, to measure a dT1 time delay given the known dT2 and dT3 of GSM. A precise measure of dT1 is computed with an accuracy and resolution below the 1 ms sample time. A future 100 ms GPS measurement epoch is selected, for example, the K+2 epoch in FIG. 8. The time delay of the rising edge of the 1st TDMA burst after the K+2 100 ms GPS measurement epoch is called dT4 and can now be computed based on the measured dT1 during the Kth interval, the known pulse repetition rate dT2, and the known time interval between the Kth and the K+2nd measurement epoch intervals (200 ms in this example). Specifically, with 100 ms measurement epoch intervals and 200 ms separating the capture event (801 in FIG. 8) and the prediction event (805). The relationship dT1+N*dT2>=200 ms provides a method to compute the integer number of dT2 pulses contained in the Kth and K+1st 100 ms periods. N is then computed by N=integer((200 ms−dT1)/dT2). The quantity dT4 can be computed as dT4=dT1+N*dT2 −200 ms, which represents the time delay from the start of the K+2th measurement epoch to the arrival of the 1stTDMA pulse after the K+2th measurement epoch. A pulse width modulator can be used as the blanking pattern generator and be pre-set to start on the K+2 future one hundred ms GPS measurement epoch. The pulse width modulator has an initial time delay dT4, which corresponds to the time delay of the 1st TDMA pulse to be generated by the transmitter after the K+2 measurement epoch predicted, and then starts into a pulse pattern that has duration dT3 and repetition rate dT2. This effectively pre-positions a blanking signal that brackets the expected future TDMA bursts, and the pulse pattern continues to run and remain synchronous with the TDMA bursts for many seconds.
[0045] The noise floor of the signal is generally affected with every TDMA transmitter pulse entering the receiver, thus the individual spikes in noise floor correspond with the TDMA energy, and the relative timing of the spikes can be measured. FIG. 7 illustrates two adjacent 100 ms internal GPS timing signals 710 and 720, which bracket a 100 ms signal observation period 730. In FIG. 4, the magnitude of the output of the coherent integrator 438 is observed at 1 ms steps for the 100 ms period, corresponding to period 730 in FIG. 7. The integrator 438 creates one hundred measurements of in-phase and quadrature signals for which one hundred magnitude signals can be created and stored in buffer 440 relative to the start and stop signals, for example, start signal 710 and stop signal 720 in FIG. 7. In FIG. 4, the pulse repetition detector 432 observes the 100 ms duration capture buffer output and measures the PRI of the TDMA jamming signal by measuring period dT2 and a time delay dT1 representing the time delay from the start of the record to the first pulse in the record. The period dT2 and a time delay dT1 are illustrated in FIG. 7.
[0046] There are multiple pulses in the one 100 ms record for which the pulse-to-pulse time delays can all be averaged to accumulate measurements of PRI for the TDMA transmitter. If the PRI of the detected signal corresponds to the PRI of the co-located TDMA transmitter as well as the pulse width dT3, then it is likely that the pulse pattern detected is from the TDMA transmitter and will continue into the future for a period of time. Thus, it is possible using measurements dT1 and dT2, as well as the known PRI of the transmitter, to program a blanking pulse generator, for example, generator 434 in FIG. 4, to generate blanking pulses into the future that will substantially bracket the TDMA energy pulses entering the receiver and eliminate the jamming pulses from the preferred signal processing path.
[0047] In the alternative embodiment of FIG. 9, the upper and lower signal paths of FIG. 2 are combined into a single path, which provides a dual-mode capability of TDMA signal detection and pulse elimination modes. This architecture is based on a faster-than-real-time processor that time-shares multiple satellites on the same hardware block. In FIG. 9, at least one GPS signal processing channel is used in conjunction with a controlling microprocessor 910 and a blanking pulse generator 912. As before, the output of the blanking pulse generator 912 controls a switch 914 and an AGC 916 between active and inactive states. For the case of multiple signal processing channels, each signal processing channel can be used as a jamming signal detector by turning off the corresponding PN Generator 918 while switch 914 is closed. In this mode, the output of the coherent integrator 920 sums are stored into an I, Q Capture FIFO buffer 922. As discussed before, the 1st sample in the FIFO buffer corresponds in time to a GPS timing signal, such as the beginning of a 100 ms event that is synchronized to the GPS signal processing timing. Each subsequent entry in the capture buffer corresponds in time to the entry number times one ms plus the time of the 1st entry. When the FIFO buffer is full, which can be communicated to the microprocessor 910 by a certain one hundred ms interrupt event, the microprocessor 910 extracts the contents of the FIFO buffer and examines it for detection of one or more possible periodic TDMA transmitter pulses, as discussed above. In this case, a software algorithm does the magnitude detection of each of the I, Q pairs, computes a noise floor, and measures substantial increases in the noise floor that correspond to the transmitter PDI/PWD characteristics. The capture events stored in the FIFO buffer are stored relative to the GPS signal processing timing, the microprocessor, which also acts as the GPS receiver controller, computes time delays dT1, dT2, and dT3 shown in FIG. 7, computes the controls for the blanking pattern generator 912 to position the blanking signal in time to correspond to future TDMA energy, thus eliminating it from the GPS signal processing data path for future processing.
[0048]FIG. 8 illustrates how three successive 100 ms GPS timing intervals 801, 803, 805 are used in an interrupted real-time microprocessor to collect data 100 I & Q samples in a buffer, for example the FIFO buffer 922 in FIG. 9. Once collected during interval 801, the microprocessor is interrupted on the start of interval 803 to process the contents of the capture buffer. The microprocessor determines dT1, dT2, dT3 time intervals during the next period 809, computes dT4 and pre-sets the blanking pulse generator with controls that allow it to synchronously start up with the proper time-alignment at the start of interval 805. At the start of interval 805, the blanking pulse generator starts at block 810 and continues to create blanking pulses at the proper PDI/PWD rate to eliminate the TDMA signal continuously during interval 805 and all intervals into the future as well until the microprocessor changes the controls or acquires sufficient GPS measurements for a position computation. After position computation is complete, the entire GPS receiver is turned off. Although the data collection period 801 and data analysis period 803 are 100 ms in duration for the exemplary embodiment, both shorter and longer periods can be employed as long as the data collection period contains at least one transmitter pulse. For GSM applications, the period must be at least 4.615 seconds to guarantee that at least one transmitter pulse will be contained in the captured record.
[0049] In cellular communications applications, the cellular processor can support the detection of jamming signals. For example, the cellular processor could send a serial port message to the GPS function to inform the GPS receiver that the transmitter is on or off. Clearly, if the transmitter is off, there is no reason for GPS to search for and eliminate the periodic jamming signal from the GPS processing path because it is not present. Thus, a simple serial port message could be sent from the cellular telephone controller processor to indicate transmitter-on and transmitter-off conditions, GPS taking appropriate anti-jam measures only if the transmitter is on.
[0050] Another method for the cellular telephone controller processor to aid the detection process is to cover the process of handing over from one slot cycle to another. As discussed, a GSM cell phone can place a transmitter pulse into one (or more) of eight dedicated time slots, or slot cycles. The time slots are numbered 1 through 8. Once a handset is assigned to a particular slot cycle, it remains in that slot cycle most of the time. Thus the method of measuring the timing of the transmitter during a first interval and then setting a blanking pulse to remove the jamming signal in a second later interval works well as long as the transmitter signal remains in the same slot cycle. There are events in the cellular telephone and network that cause a particular handset to be re-assigned from one slot cycle to another, for example, when roaming from one cellular network tower region to another. Such events occur often when the handset is in use in a moving vehicle. The network informs the cell phone to switch to another tower, and typically a slot cycle reassignment occurs at the same time.
[0051] The re-assignment of slot-cycles in cellular communications devices may be addressed by periodically re-measuring the timing of the TDMA jammer, or by having the cellular processor inform the GPS receiver every time a slot cycle reassignment event occurs. Relative timing information for the slot cycle reassignment would be helpful for re-synchronizing the blanking signal. For example, if the slot cycle index changes from slot cycle 2 to slot cycle 5, then some type of message from the cellular telephone controller processor to the GPS processor indicating the change and relative timing would allow the GPS processor to re-assign the blanking pulse generator to accommodate the slot cycle change without having to re-measure the jamming signal timing. A message such as "move timing 3 slot cycles in the positive direction" would greatly aid the performance of such a system.
[0052] Most of the time in a voice call, a GSM communications device operates in only one of eight slot cycles, thus only 12.5% of the total reception time is "covered" by the transmitter signal. A GSM handset can also operate in multi-slot cycle mode such as in a data call, in which more than one slot cycle is used by the handset to transmit and receive data from the network towers. In such a case, the blanking signal generator would need to be able to generate more than one periodic blanking signal. One way to address these issues is for the cellular telephone controller processor to send a one-byte message to the GPS control processor. Each bit of the one byte indicates if the transmitter is active in a particular slot cycle, each bit corresponding to the slot cycle number. If all bits are zero, then this indicates that the transmitter is off because none of the eight slot cycles presently used to actively transmit. If one of the eight bits becomes active, the GPS receiver would then take action to find and eliminate the jamming signal from the GPS path, once the signal is found, the timing associated with the controls of the blanking pulse generator are associated with the slot cycle index of the active slot cycle bit. If the slot cycle bit then changes in the future, the GPS only needs to move the relative timing of the blanking pulse generator to correspond to the timing change indicated by the new active slot cycle bit. This method also covers the case of multi-slot cycles active because at all times, the GPS will know how many slot cycles to blank and the relative timing of one to the other. Thus, the simple one byte message described earlier also covers the case of more than one slot cycle active by simply having all bits associated with active slot cycles in the "1" state. The cellular telephone controller processor send the active slot cycle byte to the GPS receiver every time there was a change in state, for example, for transmit-off the controller sends "00000000", for transmit-on in slot cycle 1 the controller sends "10000000". When the transmit slot cycle changes from slot 1 to slot 5 the controller sends "00001000". When multi-slot cycles are active, for example, slots 1 and 5, the controller sends "10001000". For transmit-off, the controller sends "00000000".
[0053]FIGS. 10-12 illustrate an exemplary blanking pattern generator. The period of the blanking circuit's output waveform may reach up to 224 periods of the controlling clock, as established by 24-bit counter 930 in FIG. 10. If the controlling clock's period is 62.5 ns, this equates to an output waveform that repeats approximately every second. In FIG. 11, up to four pulses may be defined in the period by setting the 24 bit control words pulse 0 start time 32 through pulse 3 start time 34. The pulses share a 24-bit programmable pulse width register 936 that defines the pulse duration. The output signal "blanking pulses" 938 is the signal that is send to switch and AGC, discussed above and illustrate in FIGS. 4 and 9, to prevent the TDMA signal from entering the GPS correlator and to prevent the AGC from adjusting based on the jammer signal.
[0054] In FIG. 11, the blanking pulse generator controls four pulses, each of which can be individually enabled or disabled by software by setting control words "pulse 0 start time" 32 through "pulse 3 start time" 34. Each pulse has a programmable 24-bit start time, so each pulse may start anywhere in the waveform period. All pulses pass through OR circuit 940, and thus the pulses may be defined to overlap, or even to start at the end of the period so that the pulses extend into the next period. Any pulse may be enabled or disabled at any time by appropriate control of a corresponding "pulse enable" signal. A pulse may be moved within the waveform period by disabling it, reprogramming its start time, and then enabling it again.
[0055] In FIG. 10, the period timer 930 creates the waveform period that the blanking pulse generator references. The period timer is programmed with an "intro width" 942 and a "period width" 944. The introduction width specifies an amount of time to wait after the circuit is enabled before beginning the first period. Both the "intro width" and the "period width" registers are 24-bits wide in the exemplary embodiment. The timer 930 starts at 1 and counts until the appropriate width is reached. When such a terminal count is reached (for either the introduction width or the period width), the period timer resets to 1, and begins counting off the period width again.
[0056] In FIG. 12, a fractional error accumulator sends occasional pulses on signal "fractional adjust" 950 to the period timer to force the period timer to adjust for accumulated time error. Both the "intro width" and the "period width" have 8-bit fraction registers that software may define. These registers represent 256ths of the controlling clock. At the end of the introduction width, the error accumulator is loaded with the fractional part of the introduction width. Then, at the end of each period, the fractional part of the period width is added to the error accumulation. When the eight bit accumulation results in a carry-out, the period timer is notified so that it can stretch the next period by a whole clock cycle. Other embodiments may include other blanking signal generator architectures.
[0057] While the present disclosure and what are considered presently to be the best modes of the inventions have been described in a manner that establishes possession thereof by the inventors and that enables those of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the inventions, it will be understood and appreciated that there are many equivalents to the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein and that myriad modifications and variations may be made thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of the inventions, which are to be limited not by the exemplary embodiments but by the appended claims.
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 2, 2003
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text:
Nick Cannon and Mariah Carey have plenty to celebrate this week!
Not only was April 30 the power couple's 6th anniversary, but it was also their twins Moroccan and Monroe's 3rd birthday.
To celebrate the joyous occasions, the cute couple threw a big bash on Wednesday, and of course, they went all out!
The proud parents shared a festive family photo from the party, in which the adorable duo and their tiny tots appeared to be having a great time celebrating their special day.
"Happy Birthday to DemBabies 3 years old!! Happy anniversary to us! 4/30," Mariah wrote on Instagram along with the pic.
Wow, three years-old already? Time sure does fly!
Following in his wife's footsteps, Nick took to Instagram to boast about his beautiful brood, writing, "4/30 was amazing! Happy Birthday to my greatest blessings in the world and Happy Anniversary to the beautiful woman who gave them to me! #Family #Love #LookAtMyToughGuy #RocAboutToSetItOff."
What an adorable family -- and we're loving Monroe's Mini Cooper!
What do you think of Nick and Mariah's party pics? Tell toofab in the comment section below, and click "Launch Gallery" above to see more cute celebrity kids.
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text: ''Spike's Peak'' is a PlatformGame by Creator/{{XONOX}}, released in 1983 for the UsefulNotes/{{Atari 2600}} and UsefulNotes/VIC20 as part of their "double-ender" series of two-game cartridges, and in 1984 for the UsefulNotes/{{Commodore 64}}. Written by Lawrence Holland, who would go on to create ''VideoGame/XWing''.You play Spike, out to climb a [[DeathMountain mountain]]. First, you walk through the Meadows, jumping over {{bears|AreBadNews}} and [[GrimyWater muddy waterfalls]], and hiding from [[AirborneMook eagles]] by ducking into caves. Then you climb up the Rocky Ledge, dodging [[HomingBoulders rockslides]] and a [[LedgeBats boulder]] that flies back and forth across the screen. Then you walk or climb through the Ice Cap, dodging avalanches and the [[BigfootSasquatchAndYeti Abominable Snowman]]. Finally, you walk to the peak and plant your flag.Along the way, you [[ScoringPoints score points]] by reaching higher altitudes, collecting [[FollowTheMoney gold and ice diamonds]], and killing the Snowman with your [[PowerfulPick ice pick]]. Getting hit by rocks or avalanches can take away points. [[EveryTenThousandPoints Every hundred thousand points]], you get an extra [[VideoGameLives life]], for a maximum of three.!!''Spike's Peak'' provides examples of:* AirborneMook: Eagles.* AttractMode* BearsAreBadNews: Bears running from cave to cave in the Meadows.* BigfootSasquatchAndYeti: He wanders around the Ice Cap.* BottomlessPits: The boulder will knock you down these. One of the earliest examples in video games.* CheckPoint: The Rocky Ledge and Ice Cap.* CollisionDamage: Bears, eagles, the boulder, and the Snowman.* CorridorCubbyholeRun: The Meadows. The path is the corridor, the eagles are the threat, caves are the safe zones, and the bears give you advance warning of the eagles - when they are both in caves, one above the other, eagles are coming.* CriticalAnnoyance: When you get too cold.* CrouchAndProne: In the caves in the Meadows.* DeathMountain* DifficultyLevels: You can adjust the difficulty with the Atari's difficulty switches.* EndlessGame: If you reach the summit, Spike lies down for a rest, then walks down the mountain to do it again.* EveryTenThousandPoints: Or rather, hundred thousand points, an extra life.* EverythingTryingToKillYou: Bears, birds, waterfalls, a flying boulder, and the Abominable Snowman. You can also freeze to death in caves in the Meadows or by running out of time on the Ice Cap or the peak.* FakeTrap: Cactus on the Rocky Ledge.* FollowTheMoney: Gold on the Rocky Ledge, and ice diamonds on the Ice Cap.* {{Game Level}}s: Five, one screen each: The start of the trail, the Meadows, the Rocky Ledge, the Ice Cap, and the peak.* GameOver: If you lose three lives.* TheGoldenAgeOfVideoGames* GrimyWater: Waterfalls in the Meadows.* HealThyself: The ice diamonds on the Ice Cap replenish your body heat.* HitPoints: Your body temperature. It's shown as a LifeMeter, and falls when you hide in a cave in the Meadows, or with time on the Ice Cap and the peak.* HomingBoulders: Rockslides and avalanches.* Instant180DegreeTurn* LedgeBats: The boulder.* OneHitPointWonder: You.* PlatformGame: The Meadows is a zigzagging platform, you can jump over bears and hide in caves. The Rocky Ledge and Ice Cap have platforms, but not only can you jump, you can climb the wall up to the next platform.* PowerfulPick: You can kill the Snowman with your ice pick.* ScoringPoints* SideView* SpaceFillingPath: The Meadows, Rocky Ledge, and Ice Cap. On the last two, you can avoid the path and climb straight up.* SkippableBoss: The Snowman. Just move off the path a little and he walks right past.* VideoGameLives: Three.----


text:
CLEVELAND, Nov. 12 /PRNewswire/ -- Intelect Medical, Inc., an early stage company developing an implantable neuromodulation system for stroke and traumatic brain injury recovery, announced it has closed a licensing and financing deal, led by existing investor Boston Scientific Corporation (NYSE: BSX). Existing investor, Greatbatch, Inc. (NYSE: GB), also participated in the equity portion of the round that will provide between $11 million and $13.5 million plus the potential for future payments. The company plans to use the proceeds to continue its investigational work on traumatic brain injury (TBI) recovery therapy, in an expanded clinical feasibility study in Europe, and for a U.S. trial for its stroke recovery therapy, both using deep brain stimulation (DBS).
As part of the arrangement, Boston Scientific receives a co-exclusive license to Intelect's Dimension(R) Visual Programming Software for certain fields of use within DBS. The Dimension(R) software, currently under development, will provide clinicians with graphical information about changes in the stimulation field created around electrodes in the brain as electrical parameters are adjusted. Intelect's software is based on the work of Cameron McIntyre, Ph.D. and his colleagues at the Cleveland Clinic's Lerner Research Institute Department of Biomedical Engineering.
"We are pleased to broaden our partnership with Intelect Medical," said
Michael Onuscheck, President of Boston Scientific Neuromodulation. "This
relationship will improve our foot print i
|SOURCE Intelect Medical, Inc.
Copyright©2008 PR Newswire.
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text:
LAGUNA HILLS, Calif., Feb. 26 /PRNewswire/ -- There are some people who seem to have it all: success in a career, a great outlook on life, a sleek physique ... an all-around "glow." While it may seem that luck is always on their side, the key to their success is a tried-and-true model: set a goal and work to achieve it. "I Count(TM): 10 Simple Steps to a Healthy Life" (published by iUniverse) reveals that by applying this concept to health and fitness goals, dramatic results will be achieved.
Authored by two former high-profile professionals, the book speaks to career-oriented individuals through the program's STAR(TM) Process, encouraging followers to Set, Track, Achieve and Reward daily wellness goals. Like a successful business model, the program focuses on meeting daily metrics, holding the reader personally accountable for making this daily goal.
The heart of the program is walking -- a low-impact, inexpensive exercise that can be done just about anywhere. Teeming with compelling statistics on the power of walking, "I Count(TM)" encourages readers to set and track goals measured in steps, achieved by walking, running, biking or any number of exercises. In addition, the book provides realistic, affordable tips on health topics from nutrition to finding others to support your goals. Co-authors Susan Parks and Patricia Bonavia share tips, tools and best practices to make the journey a success -- without having to devote countless hours and dollars.
"Fitness can be achieved, no matter how busy and budget-constrained you are," said Susan Parks, co-author of "I Count(TM)" and Founder/CEO of WalkStyles, Inc. "When I started working 15-plus-hour days, I made a commitment to myself to walk 10,000 steps each day. I made this happen each and every day, and through this, found fitness, balance and focus." Parks engaged her co-author Patricia Bonavia to track
|SOURCE iUniverse
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