text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|22 May 2003
|Filing date
|18 Oct 2002
|Priority date
|18 Oct 2001
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Marion Skeen
|Original Assignee
|Vitria Technologies, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (67), Classifications (9), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
[0001] This application is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 09/984,977 entitled Integrated Business Process Modeling Environment and Models Created Thereby filed on Oct. 31, 2001, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. This application claims benefit of provisional application Serial No. 60/329,765 filed on Oct. 18, 2001, the disclosure of which is also incorporated herein by reference.
[0002] This application contains material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the document or disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office Records, but otherwise reserves all copyrights whatsoever.
[0003] The present invention relates generally to collaborative business applications and more specifically to a model-driven environment for developing collaborative business applications and model-driven collaborative applications.
[0004] It is well known to automate various business systems, such as Customer Relations Management (CRM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), accounting, inventory control, order processing and the like. Historically, such systems were each handled by dedicated software programs that did not integrate well with each other. Early software programs for automating business systems were designed to run independently, with no interaction between various systems. Such programs were custom built for a specific need being addressed and often utilized proprietary protocols. Dedicated "point to point" connections were developed to permit each such system to communicate with another such system. For example, an inventory control system may exchange data with an accounting system through a customized software interface. However, as the number of systems increases, the quantity and complexity of point to point connections also increase. Further, point to point connections are rather inflexible and do not facilitate reconfigurations of systems to accommodate changing business processes.
[0005] The concept of "Enterprise Application Integration" (EAI) refers to the sharing of data throughout applications and data sources within an organization. As enterprises grow and require increased flexibility of data sharing throughout various systems, EAI is used to streamline processes and keep all the elements of the enterprise interconnected. EAI can include database linking, application linking, and data warehousing. Various systems for accomplishing EAI are well known. For example, Service Oriented Architectures (SOA), in which a common set of services are exposed by different layers, are known. Also, Event Oriented Architectures (EOA) in which a publish/subscribe messaging system is used to change the states of activities based on events, is known. Further, standard connectivity protocols and message formats such as Remote Method Invocation (RMI) and extensible Markup Language (XML) have been established to facilitate EAI.
[0006] It is also known to provide an object oriented environment for modeling and configuring the above-described integration of various applications in a graphical manner to further facilitate configuration and reconfiguration of business systems. For example, the BusinessWare™ modeling environment sold by Vitria™ Technology, Inc. permits modeling of the integration of applications in a graphical manner by using "business process models," a technique becoming known as "business process management" (BPM). Business processes can span multiple applications and locations. An objective of BPM is to optimize the various capabilities that exist in business organizations and eliminate the various impediments from which organizations tend to suffer, such as lack of timely information and communication between various systems.
[0007] In order for parties seeking to do business, i.e. trading partners, to communicate and conduct business with one another, business to business (B2B) applications have been developed. Such applications permit the exchange of data, in the form of documents, between trading partners in a predetermined manner in order to facilitate electronic commerce. For example, electronic commerce through automated data interchange is well known. Many large companies have effected electronic commerce for many years using a data interchange format known as "Electronic Data Interchange" (EDI). EDI has proven itself to be very effective. In a typical EDI implementation, various back end information technology systems in a business, such as a CRM system, a billing system, an inventory control system, and the like, are coupled to an "EDI mapper" which is preprogrammed to create an electronic document in a standard EDI document format. Once this is accomplished, the document can be grouped with other documents in a "mail bag" for transmission to the specified trading partner(s).
[0008] Transmission of EDI documents is generally accomplished through a third-party network service, known as a "Value Added Network" or VAN. The VAN is a secure network that serves as a clearinghouse for electronic transactions. Therefore, a trading partner can send all of their documents to a single destination, i.e. the VAN. The documents are placed in an outbox and the VAN pulls the documents in batch mode at periodic intervals. The VAN then routes each document to an electronic inbox. If the intended recipient trading partner does not subscribe to the particular VAN used by the sending trading partner, the transaction can be routed from one VAN to another VAN and then to the appropriate inbox. The recipient trading partner must then "pull," i.e. affirmatively request the document from their inbox to receive the documents.
[0009] EDI is a serial process in which documents are generated from back end systems in response to receipt of other documents. For example an EDI 850 document is a purchase order. When an 850 is sent from a customer to a supplier through the VAN, an EDI 855 purchase order acceptance is generated by the supplier's EDI mapper by pulling the requisite information from the supplier's back end information technology systems, such as inventory systems, and the like. Further, EDI is a "point-to-point" standard. More specifically, EDI transactions are between a pair of trading partners and are not easily shared with other interested partners. If the order of document generation is to be changed, the trading partners must agree to the change and implement the change in each of their back end EDI systems.
[0010] More recently, the popularity of the Internet and extensible markup language (XML) have given rise to methods of data interchange that are less expensive than EDI and thus have lowered the barriers to entry for accomplishing B2B data interchange. Many B2B systems currently are based on XML. Similar to EDI systems, these newer systems allow the internal applications of different companies to share information directly and thus eliminate the need for manual communication relating to transactions. Data is placed between descriptive XML tags as metadata. XML messages are thus rich in metadata making them easy to read and debug. Further, the relative simplicity of XML permits persons with limited training to develop and maintain XML-based applications, in turn making XML applications less expensive to implement. However, there are plural XML "standard" data formats and thus the use of XML does not, in itself, provide compatibility between systems.
[0011] It is also known to interface XML and EDI based systems. For example, the XML-EDI Group, ANSI, Ariba™, CommerceOne™ and Edifecs Commerce™ have proposed various approaches for translating EDI messages into an XML format. Edifecs has develop Guideline XML.(gXML) to facilitate the exchange of EDI implementation guidelines using XML. Therefore, XML and EDI translations into XML are not standardized. This requires that data structures be translated and/or transformed to provide integration of disparate systems.
[0012] The concept of "value chains," i.e., a series of business activities that create value, has become a useful paradigm for analyzing and improving the efficiency of businesses. Such activities include business processes, such as order entry, shipping, invoicing, CRM, and the like. Value chains are dependent on the internal business processes of a company, the business processes of trading partners, such as suppliers, and the relationship between the company and trading partners. It has become popular to experiment with and change value chains to optimize efficiency and profitability. Such change requires reconfiguration of business processes and the integration therebetween. EAI has facilitated such reconfiguration of business systems within each organization.
[0013] A primary objective of many vendors is to provide business collaboration between trading partners. This has given rise to the concept of a "collaboration application". For example, U.S. patent publication 0010741A1 discloses a commerce system in which workflows of various trading partners are integrated. However, this system is not model driven and thus require sspecialized plug-in code.
[0014] As noted above, collaboration is currently achieved using plural products, solutions, and systems. For example, IBM™ distributes WebSphere MQ™ for application integration, WebSphere Process Manager™ for business process management, WebSphere Business Integrator™ for B2B solutions and other products to facilitate collaboration between trading partners. Similarly, SeeBeyond™ distributes e*Gate Integrator™ for application integration, e*Insight Business Process Manager™ for providing modeling of business processes and management and other products to provide a collaboration solution. Other vendors, such as TIBCO™, WebMethods™ and BEA Systems™, provide various products for application integration, business process management, and B2B. Communication is defined by various transformation and adapter products thus further complicating known solutions for business collaboration.
[0015] Known solutions require plural products and specialized integration between existing systems of trading partners in order to provide collaboration. The disparate data structures and formats of various applications to be integrated often requires complex data transformations. Various methods for accomplishing such transformations are well known. However, such methods require complex programming techniques. Further, while business processes and application integration can be structured, i.e. captured in a model, collaboration has been ad hoc, i.e., not capturable in models due to the complexities noted above. Therefore, the concept of a model driven "collaboration application" has not been achieved.
[0016] It is an object of the invention to increase the flexibility of business collaboration by permitting business collaboration applications to be developed in a model driven environment. To achieve this and other objects, a first aspect of the invention is a model driven environment for executing collaborative business applications through which participants can execute business processes. The system comprises a business process module operative to execute business process models representing collaborative business processes, a vocabulary module including a vocabulary model defining common terms and transformations to be used in exchanging documents to be used for transactions, and a services module including a services model representing external events corresponding to states of the business process models executed by the business process model execution module in conformance with the vocabulary models and corresponding transformations.
[0017] The invention is described through a preferred embodiment and the attached drawing in which:
[0018]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a computer architecture of the preferred embodiment;
[0019]FIG. 2 is an example of a process model of the preferred embodiment;
[0020]FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a services model for the process model of the example of FIG. 2;
[0021]FIG. 4 is a block diagram of service implementation of the preferred embodiment;
[0022]FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a vocabulary models of the preferred embodiment; and
[0023]FIG. 6 schematically illustrates the document flow of the preferred embodiment.
[0024] The following description uses terms of art which are defined below:
[0025] Business Collaboration—The process of exchanging information between trading partners to effect business transactions.
[0026] Business Collaboration Application—An executable software application for effecting business collaboration.
[0027] Business Process Model—A state machine that models business processes at a semantic level and defines an executable specification for the underlying business logic.
[0028] Model—A representation in a certain form that captures the important aspects of the thing being modeled from a certain point of view and simplifies the rest.
[0029] Translation—Changing data from one format to another without affecting data structure.
[0030] Transformation—Changing the semantics of a data structure.
[0031] Semantics—The underlying concepts and meaning of data elements.
[0032] Services—A specification of external touchpoints of a business process.
[0033] Simple Object Access Protocal (SOAP)—A protocol that provides a way for applications to communicate with each other over the Internet, independent of platform. SOAP relies on XML to define the format of the information and then adds the necessary HTTP headers to send it.
[0034] Trading Partner—An entity participating in a business transaction.
[0035] Applicant has discovered that collaborative business flow between trading partners can be captured through a series of interrelated models. Accordingly, models can be used to define a collaborative application. Such models are referred to herein as the "vocabulary model," the "services model," and the "process model" herein. Each of these models will be described in greater detail below with respect to a preferred embodiment. While examples of such models, in isolation, are known, applicant has combined the models in a unique way and defined the interrelation therebetween to achieve a truly model driven collaborative application.
[0036]FIG. 1 illustrates architecture 10 for developing, and executing business collaboration applications in a model driven environment. Business process systems, such as ERP system 12, CRM system 14, order processing system 16, and inventory system 18 control associated applications of an organization of a trading partner, supplier 11 in the preferred embodiment, and are coupled to integration server 30 of supplier 11 over a local area network (LAN) or other communication channel within the organization. In addition, trading partner system 38, such as the integration server and other systems of an external trading partner, customer 39 in the preferred embodiment, is coupled to integration server 30 over the Internet or other communication channel, such as a wide area network (WAN). Integration server 30 can be coupled to development server 40 of supplier 11 through appropriate communication channels such as a LAN. Alternatively, the functionality of development server 40 (described below) can be accomplished within integration server 30 or from a remote location. Trading partner system 38 of customer 39 includes a Web client 38 a for communications over the Internet, and trading partner business processes 38 b (such as inventory, order processing and the like). Trading partner business processes 38 b can include computer systems for controlling various business functions of customer 39.
[0037] Development server 40 includes graphical modeling module 42, in the form of software, which provides the modeling environment, including a user interface, for configuring business process models, vocabulary models, a services models. Modeling module 42 can be similar to the modeling module disclosed in the parent application Ser. No. 09/984,977. Modeling module 42 can include the appropriate user interfaces, such as a graphical user interface (GUI) for permitting the appropriate models to be configured, edited, and managed. The models can be configured in any order and in an iterative manner to achieve the desired interrelation therebetween, as described below. Integration server 30 includes business process model execution module 32 for executing business process developed by development server 40 to direct the flow of information between supplier 11, customer 39, and any other trading partners wishing to collaborate.
[0038] After defining the collaborative business processes that need to be automated, a developer then creates graphical models of those processes with graphical modeling module 42. Because the development process is model driven, the "developer" need not have programming skills and can focus on the business requirements of the application. The resulting business process models consist of plural states and transitions defining the logic that is executed to move an instance of the business process model from one state to the next state, as described below. Modeling module 42 can include predefined business process models, such as models graphical designed for a specific industry or a specific business relationship.
[0039] Integration server 30 also includes a messaging layer or infrastructure for integration server 30 and systems 12, 14, 16, 18, and 38. For example, an event-driven publish-subscribe methodology can be deployed via communications channels to transport information between systems. In the case of communication with external systems, data can be transformed by vocabulary module 34, in the manner described below, and transported in an encrypted form over various networks using standard protocols.
[0040] Vocabulary module 34 of integration server 30 defines standard semantics, e.g. common values, terms, documents, and document flows, to be used for message exchange between systems. For example, vocabulary module 34 can include a standard vocabulary of words and corresponding meanings to permit message exchange between systems using disparate messaging formats, EDI and various forms of XML for example. Vocabulary module 34 and the function thereof are described in greater detail below.
[0041]FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a business process model of a collaborative application used with the preferred embodiment. Process model 100 has plural states 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, and 180 connected by transitions represented by arrows in FIG. 2. Transitions define the logic that is executed to move an instance of the process model from one state to the next state. For example, transitions can include the logic for transmitting messages or confirming the receipt of messages required to move to the next state as is well known. Examples of the logic defined by transitions is discussed in detail in application Ser. No. 09/984,977, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The various states of business process model 100 and the underlying business process will be described in greater detail below in connection with the services model and the vocabulary model.
[0042] It can be seen that process model 100 is a supplier-centric model, i.e. includes states of a suppliers business process such as PO Accept state 140, Ship state 170, and Invoice state 180. However, process model 100 can be represented as external events generated and received while hiding internal events to permit collaboration with trading partners, such as customer 39. These external events can be characterized as a services model defining external touchpoints of the business process represented by business process model 100.
[0043]FIG. 3 illustrates services model 102 of by services module 36 in the preferred embodiment. Services model 102 includes Submit RFQ service 122 (corresponding to states 110 and 120 of business process model 100), Submit PO service 132 (corresponding to states 130 and 140 of business process model 100), Change PO service 152 (corresponding to state 150 of business process model 100), and Schedule service 162 (corresponding to state 160 of business process model 100). Since business process model 100 of the preferred embodiment is supplier centric, services of services model 102 represent the external events required by customer 39 required to comply with the supplier centric business process represented by business process model 100. It can be seen that the services do not include shipping, invoicing, or other events that that represent internal actions to be taken by the supplier. The services 102 can be expressed through an interface definition language, or any other type of specification.
[0044] For example Web Services Description Language (WSDL) is a known XML format for describing services as a set of endpoints operating on messages containing either document-oriented or procedure-oriented information, e.g., events. The operations and messages are described abstractly, and then bound to a concrete network protocol and message format to define an endpoint. Related concrete endpoints are combined into abstract endpoints known as "services."
[0045] Services module 36 is used to generate services that define the interaction between trading partners necessary to execute business process model 100 in a collaborative manner. The services can be published by services module 36 for examination and adoption by trading partners in an automated fashion in a known manner. Services can be published as WSDL or in any other manner.
[0046] For example, WSDL includes the following seven basic elements which are used to define a service:
[0047] Service—a collection of related ports;
[0048] 2) Message—a typed definition of the data being communicated;
[0049] 3) Operation—a description of the actions supported by the service;
[0050] 4) Binding—protocol and data format definitions;
[0051] 5) Types—a container for data type definitions;
[0052] 6) Port—a network address or URI to be used as an endpoint; and
[0053] 7) Port Type—a set of operations supported by the endpoints.
[0054] Through these elements WSDL is used to describe the service, specify its location, and describe the operations it exposes. Services described through WSDL can be invoked in various ways, such as through Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) or using HTTP GET. A service invocation ordinarily consists of a request and a response message. FIG. 4 schematically illustrates invocation of a service by trading partner 38 from integration server 30. The example of FIG. 4 illustrates Submit RFQ service 112 only for the purpose of clarity. However, all services of service model 102 can be exposed and invoked in a similar manner.
[0055] As illustrated in FIG. 4, service 112 exposes at least one port 113, i.e., endpoint, which is described in greater detail below. As noted above, port 113 is a network address for message communication. Port 113 includes a port type and binding to completely define an endpoint. In accordance with service 112, request message 115 is passed from trading partner system 38 to integration server 30 and reply message 117 is returned in response to request message 115. In the example of service 112, which is a request for quote service, request message 115 can be a document specifying goods to be quoted, in a form defined by a vocabulary model of vocabulary module 34, and reply message 117 can be a quote document. For example, in the preferred embodiment, request message 115 includes a Request for Quote document and reply message 117 includes a Reply to Request for Quote document as defined by document model 106 discussed below.
[0056] A <definitions> element is the root element of the WSDL document which declares the WSDL namespace as the default namespace for the document. To describe service 122 using WSDL the WSDL <service> element is used. All WSDL elements belong to the WSDL namespace, which is defined as: http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/. Submit RFQ service 122 can be described as follows:
<definitions name ='SubmitRFQ' xmlns='http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/'> <service name='SubmitRFQ'> </service> </definitions>
[0057] Each service is defined using a WSDL <service> element which specifies the name of the port, or plural ports, on which the service is accessible using the <port> element. As noted above, a port, port 113 in FIG. 4 for example, specifies the name of the service address. The defintion of port 113 is set forth below:
<port name='Port113' binding='wsdlns:SubmitRFQSOAPBinding'> <soap:address location='http://localhost/demos/wsdl/vitria/submitrfq.asp'/> </port>
[0058] Each port has a unique name and a binding attribute as described below. If SOAP is used to invoke the service, the <port> element contains a <soap:address/> element with the actual service address. The namespace specified in the Soap address element is used for SOAP-specific elements within WSDL. As noted above, a service does not have to be exposed using SOAP and thus need not include this element. Also, a service may be accessible on many ports to provide for invoking the service through different protocols. For example, SOAP, HTTP GET and SMTP can be used to invoke a service.
[0059] The protocol of messages 115 and 117 is independent of the protocol used to invoke service 122. However, the message structure must be defined in order to fully define the service. In WSDL, the <message> element is used to define the message structure and contains zero or more <part> elements. A <part> corresponds to a parameter or a return value. For example, request message 115 will contain all ByVal and ByRef parameters and response message 117 will contain all ByRef parameters as well as the return value. Each <part> element ordinarily has the same name and data type as the parameter it represents. For example, the message structure of service 122 is set for the below;
<message name='RFQ.GetPrice'> <part name='widget1'/> </message> <message name='RFQ.GetPriceResponse'> <part name='Price'/> </message>
[0060] The WSDL <operation> element serves to tie messages 115 and 117 together as a request-response pair corresponding to service 122. An operation specifying which message is the input and which message is the output, using <input> and <output> elements, is set forth below:
<operation name='SubmitRFQ'> <input message='RFQ.GetPrice'/> <output message='RFQ.GetPriceResponse'/> </operation>
[0061] The collection of all operations exposed by a service is called a "Port Type" and is defined using the WSDL <portType> element as set for the below:
<portType name='SubmitRFQSoapPort'> <operation name='GetPrice'> <input message='RFQ.GetPrice'/> <output message='RFQ.GetPriceResponse'/> </operation> </portType>
[0062] The elements described above, can be said to describe abstract data types, messages, and operations. However, these must be bound to concrete physical representation of messages in order to use services in a deployed application. To define the concrete aspects of services the WSDL <binding> element can be used as set forth below:
[0063] <binding name='SubmitRFQSoapBinding' type='wsdins:SubmitRFQSoapPort'>
[0064] </binding>
[0065] Note that the value used for the binding attribute on the <port> element is the same as the name attribute of the <binding> element. Inside the <binding> element is a WSDL SOAP extension element called <soap:binding> which is used to specify the transport protocol (e.g., HTTP, SMTP, or the like).
[0066] Service 122 can include additional details not discussed above, such as how messages are physically represented (as defined by vocabulary module 34), the form and type of variables, and the like. Further, while the example above was described using WSDL conventions, services can be expressed in any manner that is understood by the parties using the services and which provides enough detail of the external events of business process to permit collaboration.
[0067] Vocabulary module 34 includes a repository for storing industry specific vocabularies, data dictionaries and semantics to permit transformation between two or more different message structures. Vocabulary module 34 also includes document definitions of predefined documents.
[0068] In the preferred embodiment, vocabulary module 34 includes one or more vocabularies expressed as models to permit transformation of messages between different data structures. The data structures and formats can be of any type. For example, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/896,125 entitled Data Interchange Format Transformation Method And Dictionary Used Therefor, filed on Jul. 2, 2001, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, describes an EDI vocabulary expressed in XML format that can be used for data translation between EDI and XML. Such a vocabulary, or any other vocabularies, can be used in connection with the invention.
[0069] As noted above, vocabulary module 34 includes definitions which include common values and terms to be used in exchanging documents. Vocabulary module 34 also includes rules which define valid values for various document elements, exception handling, and validation of documents. Vocabulary module 34 is capable of providing translation, restructuring, simple semantic transformation, and complex semantic transformation of documents. Translation refers to changing the data format of a document, such as the translation described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/896,125 referred to above, to express the underlying information in a different data format. Restructuring refers to changing the relationship between various elements in a document. Simple Semantic transformation refers to simple changes in the meaning or context of data, such as in converting from one version of a standard document to any updated version of that same standard document. Complex semantic transformations, on the other hand, refer to transformations between documents in which underlying concepts and meanings are transformed, as discussed in greater detail below.
[0070]FIG. 5 illustrates two vocabulary models of the preferred embodiment. Vocabulary model 200 represents a "ship to" address of a document. Of course, a vocabulary model can include entire documents, transaction sets, or the like, and thus the ship to address of vocabulary model 200 can be merely a portion of the vocabulary model. Further, there can be any number of vocabulary models as needed by the transformation needs of the specific collaborative application. It can be seen that vocabulary model 200 represents the data elements, i.e. terms and the relationship between the data elements of a specific vocabulary. Also, for reference purposes each term can be assigned a term ID. In particular, vocabulary model 200 includes the term "Ship-to-Address", having the ID 2000 and other terms, such as Name of Recipient, Company Name, Street and Apartment Number, City, State, and the like, as child terms of the Ship-to Address term.
[0071] Vocabulary model 210 also, represent a ship to address. However, it can be seen that the structure of vocabulary model 210 is different from that of vocabulary model 200. Further, the semantics of vocabulary model 200 differ from vocabulary model 210. In other words, different terms have different underlying meanings between the vocabulary models 200 and 210. For example, it can be seen that vocabulary model 210 includes the term Address that has child terms Street #, Street Name, Apt #, and Floor #. These terms are not included in vocabulary model 200. Further, vocabulary model 200 does not have terms that correspond to these terms on a one to one basis. It can be seen that much of the same underlying information is expressed by a document using vocabulary model 200, i.e. an instance of vocabulary model 200, and a document using vocabulary model 210. However, the element names, the structural relationship between the element names, and even the underlying information of individual element names are different between the two models.
[0072] In view of the disparities between vocabulary model 200 and vocabulary model 210 noted above, transformation between instances of vocabulary model 200 and instances of vocabulary model 210 require complex transformations that take into account the meaning of each data element of a vocabulary model and the complex relationship between that data element and data elements in other vocabulary models. Such transformations can be accomplished through a graphical user interface for creating expression trees as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 09/544,973, 09/544,972, and 09/544,971 filed on Apr. 7, 2000, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0073] For example, a transformation can be created to fabricate an output field from multiple input fields or from a portion of a single input field. For each output field to be populated with data, a set of rules to create that field is defined. The rules are built using expressions, i.e. algorithms, that manipulate input parameters in a specific manner to produce a single result. The result may be placed in a output field or used as a parameter to another expression. A tree configuration of the various expressions is created to define the set of rules for any particular transformation. As disclosed in detail in the patent applications referenced above, categories of the expressions can be displayed in a window alongside each of the input and output schema, e.g., vocabulary models 200 and 210 respectively. Each node of the expression tree can represent an expression and can include an icon indicating the type of expression and text describing the specifics of the expression. The expressions can be applied to items in the vocabulary models using the graphical interface disclosed in detail in the above referenced patent applications, or in any other manner, to create transformations to be stored in vocabulary module 34 and to be applied to vocabularies in vocabulary module 34 to effect transformation between instances of vocabulary models 200 and 210 in the form of documents, messages, or the like.
[0074] The use of a vocabulary based approach in which vocabulary models express the semantics of documents permits flexible document production and work flows to be achieved. The various vocabulary models and transformations can be represented as a document flow conforming to process model 100.
[0075]FIG. 6 illustrates an example of document model 106 that can be stored in vocabulary module 34. Document model 106 corresponds to process model 100 of FIG. 2 and services model 102 of FIG. 3. Each arrow in document model 106 represents a document and the related transformation required to provide communication between supplier 11 and customer 39. As illustrated in FIG. 6, document model 106 represents plural documents in a logical order exchanged between the parties and corresponding to the various states of business process model 100. Each document is labeled In FIG. 6 with the corresponding EDI document number for reference only. As noted above, the invention can use any document formats, such as EDI, various forms of XML, or other formats. Note that the states of business process model 100 are illustrated to the right of document 106 and the corresponding services of services model 102 are illustrated to the left of vocabulary model 106. In particular, an outbound document generated by customer 39 can be transformed and transported, via the Internet, or any other communications channel, to a trading partner, such as supplier 11 or repurposed as a Web page for processing. Supplier 11 can then create the appropriate response, i.e. a turnaround document. Of course, supplier 11 and customer 39 can have disparate data formats represented by vocabulary models, such as vocabulary models 200 and 210, in the manner discussed above. The entire process can make use of interactive functional acknowledgment processing to ensure non-repudiation. Additionally, an audit trail of documents can be created so a user can view a log of related transactions and their current state. Further, as will be seen below, documents can be created based on earlier documents. Also, documents can be published or otherwise distributed to any desired party. For example, a shipper or facilities manager can be notified of transaction data and events.
[0076] The first document in accordance with document model 106 of the example is a Request for Quote (RFQ). Customer 39 initiates the creation of the RFQ and transmits a copy of this EDI document to integration server 30 in compliance with service 122. This corresponds to state 110 of process model 100. The RFQ is transformed into a corresponding representation by vocabulary module 34, using the methodology described above for example.
[0077] Supplier 11 may choose to accept the entire RFQ or accept the RFQ with changes. If supplier 11 chooses to accept the entire RFQ, a turnaround Reply to RFQ document is automatically generated by vocabulary module 34 and sent to customer 39. This corresponds to quote state 120 of process model 100. If supplier 11 chooses to accept the RFQ with changes, a Response RFQ template document can be automatically generated where supplier 11 may go through each line item and select Accept, Reject, Price Change, or Quantity Change using drop-down menus or the like. After supplier 11 has finished editing the line item(s), the changes will be applied to the Reply RFQ document. Vocabulary module 34 then translates this document to a corresponding Reply to Request for Quote and sends the document to customer 39. Note that service 122 defines the touchpoints necessary for customer 39 to participate in the exchange of the RFQ and Reply to RFQ documents with supplier 11.=
[0078] Document model 106 now proceeds to state 130 of process model 100 for processing a Purchase Order (PO) in accordance with service 132. Customer 39 initiates the creation of PO document in accordance with service 132 and sends a copy of this document to integration server 30. The PO document is transformed into its corresponding representation by vocabulary module 34 and transmitted to supplier 11. Supplier 11 now has a PO to process. Supplier 11 may choose to accept the entire PO or accept the PO with changes by line items. If supplier 11 chooses to accept the entire PO, a turnaround PO Acknowledgment document is automatically generated. If the supplier chooses to accept the PO with changes, a template document is automatically generated, to permit the supplier to go through each line item and to select either Accept, Reject, Price Change, or Quantity Change. After supplier 11 has finished editing the line item(s). The document is transformed to a PO Acknowledgment and sent to customer 39.
[0079] The next transaction that is handled is the 860—Purchase Order Change Request—Buyer Initiated in state 150 of business process model 100. Customer 39 initiates the creation of the 860 PO Change Request EDI document, in accordance with service 152, and sends the document to integration server 30 for processing. The PO Change Request EDI document is transformed into its corresponding XML representation by vocabulary module 34. Supplier 11 now has a PO Change Request XML document to process. The supplier may choose to "Accept" the entire PO and a turnaround PO Change Acknowledgment/Request document is automatically generated, transformed to a PO Change Acknowledgment/Request by vocabulary module 34 and sent to customer 39.
[0080] Now, in accordance with service 162 and state 160, a Planning Schedule is generated. Customer 39 initiates the creation of the Planning Schedule and sends a copy of this document to integration server 30 for processing. The Planning Schedule document is then transformed into its corresponding representation and sent to supplier 11. A shipping schedule can also be generated and sent to supplier 11 and any other appropriate parties at this time.
[0081] Integration server 30 now generate a Ship Notice/Manifest and sends, the same to customer 39 in accordance with state 170 of business process model 100. Shipment and billing notice 857 can be generated and sent in a similar manner. Supplier 11 initiates the creation of the Invoice document that is based on the Ship Notice/Manifest (state 180). The document is transformed into its corresponding representation and transported to accounts payable systems of customer 39. Note that service 162 defines the Planning Schedule, the Shipping Schedule, the Ship Notice Manifest, the Shipment and Billing Notice and the Invoice from the perspective of customer 39. The process and document flow can continue to accomplish payment remittance, funds transfer and accounting using standard documents such as Application Advice, Application Control Totals, and the like, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
[0082] The preferred embodiment permits flexible business processes and document flows to be established between trading partners, even if the trading partners utilize disparate systems. The vocabulary module transforms the documents on the fly and can include plural vocabularies for transforming documents between various formats. The vocabulary module can be modified and customized to meet specific requirements, for example company requirements or industry specific trading requirements. The preferred embodiment allows modification of XML documents using the same information model, making it easy to integrate with trading partners who have different requirements. Further, the ability to link business processes and document flow in a modeling environment permits the business process to be easily modified to accommodate changing business models. Further, truly collaborative applications can be developed in a model driven environment. The use of services corresponding to the model permits trading partners to readily comply with each other's business processes. In other words, a trading partner can develop a collaborative application in a model driven environment and permit other trading partners to comply with the application without exposing the trading partner's business processes to the other trading partners. The business process model, the services model, and the vocabulary model can each be developed in an iterative manner to ensure the proper relationship between each model.
[0083] It can be seen that the preferred embodiment provides a modeling environment for development of collaborative applications by capturing collaborative business processes in interrelated models. This allows the business analyst, not the programmer, to focus on the important work of designing business rules and workflow to solve specific business issues. Predetermined process models, vocabularies, workflows and display mechanisms can be provided to facilitate development of collaborative applications. For example, each of these elements can correspond to specific industries and can be modified as necessary to suit trading partners.
[0084] The invention can be implemented on any device, such as a personal computer, server, or any other general purpose programmable computer or combination of such devices, such as a network of computers. Communication can be accomplished through any channel, such as a local area network (LAN), the Internet, serial communications ports, and the like. The communications channels can use wireless technology, such as radio frequency or infra-red technology. The various elements of the preferred embodiment are segregated by function for the purpose of clarity. However, the various elements can be combined into one device or segregated in a different manner. For example, software can be a single executable file and data files, or plural files or modules stored on the same device or on different devices. Any protocols, data types, or data structures can be used in accordance with the invention. The invention can be used to design, create, manipulate, test or use any collaborative application can be used in combination with any type of system for affecting business processes or other functions. Any appropriate user interface can be used to design, create, and manipulate models. The underlying code can be written in any language.
[0085] The invention has been described through a preferred embodiment. However, various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and legal equivalents thereof.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|4 May 1936
|28 Mar 1939
|American Box Board Co
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|10 Feb 2004
|21 Oct 2008
|International Business Machines Corporations
|Model driven portlet development method, system and program product
|29 Nov 2005
|9 Feb 2010
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Monitor for an information technology system
|28 Jun 2005
|6 Apr 2010
|Microsoft Corporation
|Schematization of establishing relationships between applications
|7 Jan 2003
|20 Apr 2010
|Microsoft Corporation
|Type checking for safe interoperability among web processes
|14 May 2008
|15 Jun 2010
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method for creating, executing and searching through a form of active web-based content
|16 Mar 2005
|20 Jul 2010
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Regenerating data integration functions for transfer from a data integration platform
|24 Feb 2005
|12 Oct 2010
|International Business Machines Corporation
|User interface service for a services oriented architecture in a data integration platform
|24 Feb 2005
|12 Oct 2010
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Multiple service bindings for a real time data integration service
|28 Dec 2004
|7 Dec 2010
|Sap Aktiengesellschaft
|Distribution of integrated business process models
|4 Sep 2008
|4 Jan 2011
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Model driven portlet development system and program product
|5 Jun 2006
|25 Jan 2011
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and system for developing an accurate skills inventory using data from delivery operations
|23 Aug 2005
|1 Mar 2011
|Perot Systems Corporation
|Business rules preprocessing
|5 Jun 2006
|16 Aug 2011
|International Business Machines Corporation
|System and method for calibrating and extrapolating management-inherent complexity metrics and human-perceived complexity metrics of information technology management
|24 Feb 2005
|18 Oct 2011
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Service oriented architecture for a loading function in a data integration platform
|24 Feb 2005
|15 Nov 2011
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Service oriented architecture for a transformation function in a data integration platform
|11 May 2007
|17 Apr 2012
|The Crawford Group, Inc.
|System and method for improved rental vehicle reservation management
|24 Jul 2008
|17 Apr 2012
|The Crawford Group, Inc.
|System and method for allocating replacement vehicle rental costs using a virtual bank of repair facility credits
|13 Oct 2006
|8 May 2012
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Collaborative derivation of an interface and partial implementation of programming code
|20 Apr 2005
|5 Jun 2012
|Oracle International Corporation
|System, apparatus and method for characterizing messages to discover dependencies of services in service-oriented architectures
|30 Aug 2007
|6 Nov 2012
|Software Ag
|Systems and/or methods for location transparent routing and execution of processes
|24 Aug 2004
|6 Nov 2012
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Methods and systems for real time integration services
|17 Dec 2008
|29 Jan 2013
|Hsbc Technologies Inc.
|Automated methods and systems for developing and deploying projects in parallel
|19 Oct 2001
|12 Feb 2013
|The Crawford Group, Inc.
|Extended web enabled multi-featured business to business computer system for rental vehicle services
|16 Apr 2012
|2 Apr 2013
|The Crawford Group, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for tracking repair facility performance for repairs relating to replacement rental vehicle transactions
|5 Jun 2006
|18 Jun 2013
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method and apparatus for discovering and utilizing atomic services for service delivery
|28 Dec 2004
|27 Aug 2013
|Sap Aktiengesellschaft
|Integration of distributed business process models
|14 May 2012
|24 Sep 2013
|Oracle International Corporation
|System, apparatus and method for characterizing messages to discover dependencies of service-oriented architectures
|5 Jun 2006
|8 Oct 2013
|International Business Machines Corporation
|System and methods for managing complex service delivery through coordination and integration of structured and unstructured activities
|10 Jun 2004
|3 Dec 2013
|The Crawford Group, Inc.
|Business to business computer system for communicating and processing rental car reservations using web services
|14 Jul 2010
|17 Dec 2013
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Interactive blueprinting for packaged applications
|25 Nov 2008
|18 Feb 2014
|Microsoft Corporation
|Linking enterprise resource planning data to business capabilities
|16 Apr 2012
|8 Jul 2014
|The Crawford Group, Inc.
|System and method for improved rental vehicle reservation management
|18 Jan 2006
|22 Jul 2014
|Sap Ag
|Decentralised audit system in collaborative workflow environment
|7 Mar 2008
|3 Feb 2015
|Aurea Software, Inc.
|Local transparent extensibility and routing slip extensibility for business process execution language
|4 May 2009
|2 Jun 2015
|Oracle International Corporation
|Creative process modeling and tracking system
|2 Jun 2006
|18 Aug 2015
|International Business Machines Corporation
|System and method for delivering an integrated server administration platform
|29 Jan 2013
|22 Sep 2015
|Hsbc Technology & Services (Usa) Inc.
|Automated methods and systems for developing and deploying projects in parallel
|7 Jan 2003
|1 Apr 2004
|Microsoft Corporation
|Type checking for safe interoperability among Web processes
|15 Sep 2003
|20 May 2004
|Husain Syed Mohammad Amir
|System and method for multi-functional XML-capable software applications on a peer-to-peer network
|5 Sep 2003
|13 Jan 2005
|Bergeron Heather Ellen
|Configuring a semantic network to process transactions
|5 Sep 2003
|10 Feb 2005
|Bergeron Heather Ellen
|Processing transactions using a structured natural language
|7 Oct 2003
|10 Feb 2005
|Bergeron Heather Ellen
|Configuring a semantic network to process health care transactions
|10 Feb 2004
|11 Aug 2005
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Model driven portlet development method, system and program product
|24 Feb 2005
|6 Oct 2005
|Ascential Software Corporation
|Real time data integration services for financial information data integration
|24 Feb 2005
|13 Oct 2005
|Ascential Software Corporation
|Real time data integration services for health care information data integration
|24 Feb 2005
|27 Oct 2005
|Ascential Software Corporation
|Real time data integration for supply chain management
|16 Mar 2005
|17 Nov 2005
|Ascential Software Corporation
|Regenerating data integration functions for transfer from a data integration platform
|24 Feb 2005
|24 Nov 2005
|Ascential Software Corporation
|Multiple service bindings for a real time data integration service
|24 Feb 2005
|24 Nov 2005
|Ascential Software Corporation
|Server-side application programming interface for a real time data integration service
|24 Feb 2005
|24 Nov 2005
|Ascential Software Corporation
|Service oriented architecture for a transformation function in a data integration platform
|26 May 2005
|1 Dec 2005
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Dynamically assembling business process models
|24 Feb 2005
|12 Jan 2006
|Ascential Software Corporation
|Service oriented architecture for a message broker in a data integration platform
|4 Aug 2005
|25 May 2006
|Hitoshi Ashida
|System for supporting to develop an application, and data format producing method and data processing system using said supporting system
|28 Dec 2004
|29 Jun 2006
|Wasim Sadiq
|Integration of distributed business process models
|28 Dec 2004
|29 Jun 2006
|Wasim Sadiq
|Distribution of integrated business process models
|7 Oct 2003
|3 Aug 2006
|Bergeron Heather E
|Processing health care transactions using a semantic network
|20 Apr 2005
|26 Oct 2006
|Carter Frederick H
|System, apparatus and method for characterizing messages to discover dependencies of services in service-oriented architectures
|28 Jun 2005
|28 Dec 2006
|Microsoft Corporation
|Schematization of establishing relationships between applications
|3 Dec 2009
|Hsbc Technologies Inc.
|Automated methods and systems for developing and deploying projects in parallel
|30 Sep 2008
|1 Apr 2010
|Microsoft Corporation
|Modeling and measuring value added networks
|26 Oct 2009
|29 Apr 2010
|Consona Crm Inc. A Washington Corporation
|Systems and methods for executing business processes over a network
|4 May 2009
|4 Nov 2010
|Oracle International Corporation
|Creative Process Modeling And Tracking System
|19 Jan 2012
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Interactive blueprinting for packaged applications
|29 Jan 2013
|15 Aug 2013
|Hsbc Technologies, Inc.
|Automated methods and systems for developing and deploying projects in parallel
|20 Apr 2013
|5 Sep 2013
|Robert Paul Morris
|Methods, Systems, and Computer Program Products For Processing a Request For a Resource in a Communication
|29 Jul 2013
|19 Dec 2013
|Aptean, Inc.
|Systems and methods for executing business processes over a network
|7 Mar 2007
|13 Sep 2007
|Ocean Resource Exchange Llc
|Transferable by-catch quotas
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|21 Jan 2003
Owner name: VITRIA TECHNOLOGY, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SKEEN, DALE MARION;REEL/FRAME:013683/0099
Effective date: 20021216
|2 Apr 2007
Owner name: WELLS FARGO FOOTHILL, INC., AS AGENT, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: PATENT SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:VITRIA TECHNOLOGY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019094/0806
Effective date: 20070330


text:
Oskar Werner
TNR Film Classics: 'Fahrenheit 451' (1966)
March 26, 2011
There are some rather dumb—but in a way brilliant—gimmicks that have a strong, and it would almost seem a perennial, public appeal. Books or plays or movies based on them don't even have to be especially well done to be popular: readers and audiences respond to the gimmick. Sometimes this kind of trick idea is so primitive that it's particularly attractive to educated people—perhaps because they're puzzled by why they're drawn to it and so take it to be a much more complex idea than it is. Frankenstein is one of these fantastic, lucrative "ideas"; The Pawnbroker is almost one.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Remove Ads x
Kitab terjemahan - unduh di 4shared. Kitab terjemahan disimpan di layanan berbagi-pakai file gratis 4shared.
| Uploaded via: 4shared site
Share Add to my account
Is owner
View only
Upload & Edit
Members may only view items in this folder.
Members may view, add, edit and delete items in this folder.
Checked by McAfee. No virus detected.
2 comments Add new comment
Wrong code entered. Please, try again.
Enter the code above to post message:
Najihatul M. 1 year ago Reply Spam SpamCancel
kitab terjemahan apa ya?
runihalili 2 years ago Reply Spam SpamCancel
terima kasij te;aj membantu kami
Remove Ads x
Kitab terjemahanFile QR Code


text:
Darnell Mayberry: 'If Harden signs, Maynor is gone'
Harden's value is set -- he is a max player because he will get that in free agency. So isn't this season about the big men? If anyone other than Perk can guard Dwight Howard, Perk is probably amnestied and Harden signed, right?
I don't think there's any chance they amnesty Perk. None. He has his flaws, sure. But what will this team look like without Perk in the middle? Scary, right? I know. In my opinion, the Thunder thinks Perk is more valuable to this team's long term future than Harden given the money. It might sounds crazy, but it's really not.
There's been some images of alternate jerseys available on NBA 2K13. Do they bear any resemblance to the Thunder's planned alternate this year? What game will the alternate jerseys be unveiled?
Nah. They're keeping it pretty quiet. All I know is it's not black.Something tells me they'll be out in time for you to make somebody's day on Christmas morning.
What offensive system changes is the Thunder planning for this year (with training camp giving them time to do so, unlike last season)?
There's been a ton of talk about playing Durant and Westbrook in the post more. That alone should open up a lot of options. Brooks also has talked about getting Ibaka more involved, and Collison says he wants to be more aggressive with his shot. Now, all of those things are goals rather than plans. It remains to be seen how the Thunder will actually implement those things.


text:
We asked Jackie Green (Musical Bumps, Cambridge) what it's like to run a Musical Bumps business… here's what she said!
Musical Bumps – expanding in all the right directions!
When we launched the new "licensed teacher" scheme back in November, we didn't dare to dream of the success we're enjoying! With six new areas already launching and other areas reserved, we've only a small handful of licenses available at the special launch price! You'd need to hurry, but it's not too late…. going…going….. click […]
Musical Bumps and Jessie's Fund – exciting news!
Founder of Jessie's Fund, Lesley Schatzberger joins Musical Bumps teachers this April for our annual conference! As a company, we have raised nearly £10,000 for this wonderful charity. Lesley will be telling us more about the work of Jessie's Fund and spurring us on to reach that magic number this year!
Thank you so much!
Musical Bumps has raised over £5,400 for Jessie's Fund thanks to fantastic support from our teachers and the families who come to classes. A wonderful charity providing musical therapy and activities at children's hospices around the UK. Thank you!
We strive to be the best…. here's how!
Musical Bumps may not be the biggest early childhood business out there, but we strive to be the best. So what is it that makes us stand out from the crowd? Real music – our repertoire is chosen to enable children to learn. The songs and games we use all have a purpose; many support […]
And relax!
So – the website is up (thanks in vast quantities go to Rob Wilson of Websites in Business -amazing work!). Nearly all our teachers can get their emails (any blips, send an email to email@example.com and I'll make sure it gets to the right teacher) and it's only Wednesday. As I said in my last […]
£5,400 raised for Jessie's Fund!
Jessie's Fund says THANK YOU! We are delighted to announce that Musical Bumps families and teachers have raised over £5,400 for this amazing charity!
What a week!
It's been quite a week for us…. "but it's still the summer holidays" I hear you all crying. Well for our head office, life continues at a frantic pace right through the holiday period….
Musical Bumps CDs available from our shop.
Buy our CDs here!


text:
Post your Comment
Ansal Plaza Shopping Complex Delhi
Ansal Plaza Shopping Complex in Delhi
The Ansal Plaza is a popular retail... to be in. The Ansal Plaza Shopping
Mall Delhi features a large atrium that is more than forty... events at the Ansal Plaza market Delhi.
The schedule for these events is always
Shopping in Delhi
Shopping in Delhi I heard about Connaught Place and Karol Bagh are best markets for shopping in Delhi. But is there any other market.. from where i can buy something traditional that can be related to Delhi as well as Indian
About South Extension Market Complex Delhi
and meetings.
The shopping in South Extension Market of Delhi that is held here...South Extension Market in Southern Delhi
The southern section of Delhi is home... Extension can be found in the southern area of Delhi. It is right
off of Ring Road
Delhi Hauz Khas Complex Information
Hauz Khas Complex Delhi
The Hauz Khas Complex is a large building space around the southern part of
Delhi. This is a complex that was built in the middle.... These can be
found throughout many columns in the complex.
The New Delhi Hauz
About Palika Bazaar Delhi
shopping mall in
Delhi. However, it is still notable in that it features... at this brilliant shopping centre when visiting Delhi.
The Palika Bazaar features all...Palika Bazaar in Delhi
The area underneath Connaught Place in Delhi is home
Information about Qutub Minar Complex in Delhi
Qutub Minar Monument Complex in Delhi
The Qutub Minar Complex is a series... of centuries.
This is a great site to visit when in Delhi. The Qutub Complex... century and were completed in the early
fourteen-century. The complex consists
About Yamuna Sports Complex New Delhi
Yamuna Sports Complex of Delhi
The Yamuna Sports Complex is a large sports facility that is in the eastern
section of Delhi. This is a relatively new complex in that it was built in 2009
and used as a venue for the 2010 Commonwealth
Greater Kailash M-Block Market Delhi
in the economy exchange of Delhi.
The M-Block market complex Greater Kailash New...Greater Kailash M-Block Market Delhi
The market at the Greater Kailash M-block is one of the most populous market
regions of not only Delhi and its
Tourist Places in Delhi India
of Delhi
Delhi's most expensive shopping centre is Khan market. Here you... to see in Delhi
Azad Hind Gram is modern Tourist complex set up to preserve... Sites'.
Heritage sites of Delhi
Qutub Complex in Delhi
Qutub Complex
About Metro Walk Rohini Delhi
larger than most other shopping malls in
This shopping complex was built...Metro Walk Rohini in Delhi
The Delhi Metro Walk is the largest shopping mall... in Delhi.
The Metro Walk is a complex that takes up about 200,000 square feet
Information about Deer Park of Delhi
of Delhi
There are also many shopping centers near the park that includes Ansal...Deer Park Delhi
Delhi, the capital of India, is not only important for being... such interesting
hotspot of this old city.
Attractions of the Deer Park Delhi
Delhi Tourism
Delhi Shopping Places
Delhi Picture Gallery
Delhi Video Gallery
Delhi Tourism
The capital of India Delhi is an eclectic mélange of old... Delhi tourism has own offer. An array of tourist attractions is elegantly strewn
Web design company in Delhi
Web design company in Delhi
We are professional web design and development company
in Delhi, India. Our team of professional designer and web application
developers provides world class website designing services from our New Delhi
Information about Connaught Place Delhi
Connaught Place of Delhi
The Connaught Place is a valuable commercial centre in Delhi. This is a
massive shopping centre in Connaught Place Delhi... in Delhi that has evolved
over the years to where it features many different types
Shopping in Agra
that the shopping complex is closed on Tuesdays. Innumerable number of tourists comes...Shopping in Agra:
Apart from being a city of history, monumental wonders... if you are fond of shopping. From textiles to jewellery, from marble works
About Delhi as a Tourist Destination
About Delhi as a Tourist Destination Tell me something about Delhi as a tourist destination in India.
Tourism in Delhi
Delhi... of the tourist a never forgetting one. Initial the tourist destinations in Delhi
About Dilli Haat of Delhi
into this place.
Dilli Haat market complex Delhi is truly amazing, as well as a must...Dilli Haat in Delhi
The Dilli Haat is a large market and food court in Delhi... that proper waiting lists can be used for each
state. The experience of shopping
About Crafts House of Delhi
The Craft House of Delhi
The Craft House is a unique shopping facility in Delhi. This is a facility that
is located in the Metropolitan Hotel at Bangla... and crafts that people can find
in Delhi. It is an impressive market to visit
About Bharat Upavan Garden Delhi
of Delhi that is located right in the middle
of the Akshardham Temple Complex...Bharat Upavan Garden of Delhi
The Bharat Upavan Delhi is a large garden... of Delhi is a large garden that features several impressive accents that make
Delhi Chattarpur Temple Information
Chhatarpur Temple in Delhi
The Chhatarpur Temple is a massive temple complex.... In fact, it is not too far from the Qutub Complex
in Delhi near Mehrauli... complex is that people around Delhi can
easily get to the temple. It is placed
History about Alai Darwaza of Delhi
in the Qutub Complex of Delhi. It is on the
southern part of the complex near its...The Alai Darwaza of Delhi
A number of gates were built around Delhi over the centuries. Some of the
earliest gates in Delhi date back to the first half
Delhi Travel Guide
Delhi Shopping Places
Delhi Picture Gallery
Delhi Video Gallery
Delhi Tourism
The capital of India Delhi is an eclectic mélange of old... Delhi tourism has own offer. An array of tourist attractions is elegantly strewn
Agra Shopping Places
Agra Shopping Places
Agra Shopping Places Your visit to the various Agra shopping places will give you a different look of this city that was once seat... and commerce in India. Some of these shopping areas are preserved by traditions
Online Shopping Store Website Templates
Did you planning for create you own Online Shopping Store Websites?
Are you planning for create you own Online Shopping Store Websites? Rose India Technology, a Delhi based Web Designing Company offers awesome Online Shopping Store Web
Pragati Maidan Travel in New Delhi
Pragati Maidan Travel in Delhi
The state of Delhi has become a very popular... for conventions and other
important activities around Delhi. It is a unique spot that gives visitors in
Delhi an opportunity to take a look at many new
About Jamali Kamali Tomb of Delhi
Jamali Kamali Tomb to Visit in Delhi
Jamali Kamali Tomb Delhi is the burial... as possible.
Today the tomb can be reached by tourists around Delhi. Jamali Kamali's Tomb can
be found right near M.G. Road in Delhi. It is actually not too
Gardens in Delhi
Mughal Gardens Delhi
Situated in the compounds of Rashtrapati Bhavan complex...Parks and Gardens in Delhi
Besides skyscrapers, swanky flyovers and dazzling malls; the city of Delhi is also known for its greenery. There are vast
Hotels in Delhi
Hotels in Delhi
An aura of history pervades every nook and corners of the city, swanky flyovers and dazzling shopping malls adding sparkle to the city?s... it Mecca of artists and those having an eye for creativity; it is Delhi
Azad Hind Gram Tour Delhi
Azad Hind Gram: A Must to See in Delhi
The Azad Hind Gram is a space in the western part of Delhi that is noted for
being very conducive to tourists... for the enjoyment of the people who visit the area.
The Azad Hind Gram is a large complex
Delhi Agra Tour Packages
shopping experience.
Once you are through with the sightseeing of Delhi, visit...Delhi-Agra Tour Package
Most of the visitors coming to Indian capital wish... on the banks of river
Yamuna. Owing to these reasons, a Delhi-Agra tour package


text:
Cholera Vaccine
How to Report an Adverse Reaction to a Medication »
"Potential drug treatments are tested on paper, in laboratories and eventually in thousands of people. But every drug that goes through this cycle â" every drug that FDA approves â" carries some risk. One of the first lines of defense against "...
Read the How to Report an Adverse Reaction to a Medication article »
Cholera Vaccine
Use of cholera vaccine should be postponed in the presence of any acute illness.
A history of severe systemic reaction or allergic response following a prior dose of cholera vaccine is a contraindication to further use.
Last reviewed on RxList: 12/8/2004
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.
Cholera Vaccine FDA Prescribing Information
Additional Cholera Vaccine Information
Report Problems to the Food and Drug Administration
You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit the FDA MedWatch website or call 1-800-FDA-1088.
Women's Health
Find out what women really need.


text:
This is a fairly standard, but good, emollient body lotion for dry skin. The fragranced formula contains proven emollients along with skin-repairing glycerin and some effective water-binding agents. This contains two forms of vitamin E (tocopherol and tocopheryl acetate) and shea butter for an antioxidant boost, and is an overall good option for dry skin.
One ingredient keeps this from earning a better rating, and that's the preservative methylisothiazolinone. This preservative is typically recommended for use in rinse-off products because it is a fairly common skin sensitizer when used in leave-on products (Source: www.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/regulatory/region/europe/Preserving-with-Methylisothiazolinone-premium-246545731.html?c=n).
Drench your skin in nutrient-rich hydration with this St. Ives Hydrating Vitamin E Lotion. Packed with the powerful antioxidants of Vitamin E, this formula provides immediate moisture, while helping to protect against future dry skin. Apply daily to maintain hydrated skin that looks and feels soft, smooth and healthy.
Water, Glycerin, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Cetearyl Alcohol, Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil, Stearic Acid, Cetyl Alcohol, Urea Tocopherol, Tocopheryl Acetate, Butyrospermum Parkii (Shea) Butter, Dimethicone, Cyclopentasiloxane, Cyclohexasiloxane, Carbomer, PEG-100 Stearate, Fragrance, Triethanolamine, BHT, Phenoxyethanol, Methylisothiazolinone, Caprylyl Glycol, Disodium EDTA.
St. Ives At-A-Glance
Strengths: A couple of water-soluble cleansers, a gentle microdermabrasion alternative; some good, inexpensive body lotions; excellent hand cream.
Weaknesses: Overly abrasive scrubs; ineffective anti-acne products; dated moisturizer; overall, the facial-care products are substandard, even if they are inexpensive.
Two things set this line apart in the minds of consumers familiar with the brand: the Swiss angle and their apricot face scrubs. This notoriety didn't translate to thoughtfully formulated products, though. Instead, most of the scrubs are too abrasive, and the apricot is simply there as an extract, never mind that in a scrub it doesn't have any significant benefit for skin. The same can be said of the selection of supposedly Swiss-based herbs. Most of them have soothing properties, but it doesn't matter to skin if the ingredients came from Switzerland or South Dakota. If anything, the whole Swiss angle is getting a bit tired. You can bet that there are no scientists working high in the Swiss alps to formulate these products. St. Ives is a line with very little worth considering, so feel free to breeze right by as you shop for skin-care products at your local drugstore.
For more information about St. Ives, owned by Unilever, call (800) 333-0005 or visit www.stives.com.
The new Beautypedia Team proudly and unequivocally maintains the commitment to help you find the best products possible for your skin. We do this by relentlessly pursuing and relying on published scientific research so you will have unbiased information on what works and what doesn't-and the sneaky ways you could be making your skin worse, not better!
The Beautypedia Team reviews all products using the same research, criteria, and objectivity, whether the product being reviewed is from Paula's Choice or another brand.
St. Ives used to be my go-to brand for body lotion. The products were inexpensive, worked pretty well and most importantly to me, were not tested on animals/did not contain animal ingredients. I don't know when Unilever bought the brand, but I happened to notice their logo on a bottle one day, and they no longer make the 'no animal testing' promise. Really bummed.
Terms of Use
Thanks for sharing your experience with this product! Approved reviews appear on our site within 3-5 business days.
We reserve the right to reject or modify reviews without notice. All submitted reviews become the property of Paula's Choice, LLC.
Call us Mon–Fri 6am-6pm PT, Sat–Sun 8am-4:30pm PT
Connect with us:
Our Privacy Policy: We will not sell or share any of the information you provide.
Paula's Choice Auto Delivery is a quick and convenient way to make sure you never run out of your favorite products again. Just select the products you can't live without, choose how often you'd like them delivered and we'll take care of the rest.
*Promotion expires 8:59pm PT October 13, 2015. No promo code required; discount automatically applied to the highest-priced single item in cart. Cannot be applied to previous purchases or combined with other offers. Promotion applies to in-stock products only; no rain checks.
**Promotion expires 8:59pm PT, October 13, 2015. No cash value. Applies to US and Canada only.
***Promotion expires 8:59pm PT, October 13, 2015. Choose any 3 from 28 available FREE samples on orders of $5 or more.
Please sign in and access your saved member information.
Are you new to our site?Create an account and enjoy benefits that offer faster checkout, easy order tracking and quick reorders.
Are you new to our site? Checkout as a guest. You will have the option to create an account later in checkout.


text:
Welding Class
Presented by Stonybrook Fine Arts at Stonybrook Fine Arts
January 7 - March 11, 2013
Learn multiple forms of welding and explore cutting techniques to create unique works of art in steel.earn multiple forms of welding including Oxy-Acetylene, Stick, MIG, and TIG, and explore cutting techniques such as flame, plasma, and others to create unique works of art in steel. Various finishing methods are also utilized.
24 Porter Street - Jamaica Plain
Boston, MA 02130
Admission Info:
Phone: 617-522-3331
Accessibility Information: Currently, no accessibility information is available for this event.


text:
Certified Links- By Bossip Staff Categories: Bossip Certified Links, News
Nicki Minaj On The Cover Of King Magazine: Says She Likes Her Men "Super Aggresive" [Photos] (GO)
Diddy's Kids — Too Rich for Their Own Good (GO)
Alyssa Milano and Jennifer Love Hewitt Kiss for the Homeless of the Day (GO)
Is China Good For Africa? (GO)
Keri Hilson Attends T.I.'s AKOO Model Search [Photos] (GO)
EXCLUSIVE: We Had No Idea Bristol Palin Was Our Secret Buyer, Says Couple Who Sold Home (GO)
50 Cent Charges Neighbors To Shovel Snow [Photos] (GO)
Rapper Trick Daddy is Broke! (GO)
Flavor Flav Releasing Autobiography (GO)
Awesome Celeb Quote Of The Day: I Had To Get Naked For Sex Scene (GO)
Do You Celebrate Kwanzaa (GO)
Teen Mom' Amber Portwood Arrested (GO)
"I Dated The Pastor, Dumped Him, Moved On, But Did I Do The Right Thing?" (GO)


text:
Businesses in military towns brace for budget hit
In this Monday, March 4, 2013 photo taken in Fayetteville, N.C., Tom Raper, owner of Bragg Pawn Shop, talks about small business near Fort Bragg military base. His pawn shop is located on Yadkin Road near a main entrance to the base. More than 8,500 civilian employees on the base will be furloughed one day a week starting in late April, the equivalent of a 20-percent pay cut, possibly affecting small businesses near the base. (AP Photo/Gerry Broome)
FAYETTEVILLE, N.C. (AP) — Like many who make their living in the commercial strip outside the gates of Fort Bragg, Mike Thomas is confident the $85 billion in automatic military spending cuts will hurt sales at his used car lot and rim shop.
The vast majority of his customers work on the base, and smaller paychecks means less money for the four-wheel drive Jeeps, chrome wheels and window-rattling sound systems that are his specialty.
While it remains too soon to measure the exact impact for small businesses that thrive on the civilians employed at the nation's largest military posts, owners already are bracing for the damage. Pentagon officials say the automatic budget cuts that took effect March 1 will result in one-day-a-week furloughs for 800,000 civilian employees across the U.S. starting next month, resulting in a 20 percent cut to their paychecks. Soldiers' salaries are exempt Login to read more
Related Posts
Leave a Reply
You must be logged in to post a comment.
« Stroke prevention device misses key goal in study Preservation of Venezuelan leader's body not easy »


text:
Stockholm Archipelago
Tours & Tickets
Stockholm in One Day Sightseeing Tour
See Stockholm in a nutshell on this two-part sightseeing tour by bus and boat, ideal for those with limited time in Sweden's capital. Starting with a ... Read more
Stockholm, Sweden
Duration: 2.5 hours
Kayaking Tour of Stockholm Archipelago
Experience the picturesque Stockholm archipelago up close on this full-day kayaking tour, the most adventurous and eco-friendly way to explore the raw beauty ... Read more
Stockholm, Sweden
Duration: 11 hours
Stockholm Archipelago Sailing Adventure
Sail around Stockholm's spectacular archipelago by yacht on this full-day sailing adventure! As you cruise, try sailing the yacht yourself under the watchful ... Read more
Stockholm, Sweden
Duration: 8 hours (approx.)
Stockholm City Helicopter Tour Including Optional Archipelago Upgrade
Behold bird's-eye views of Stockholm on this exhilarating helicopter tour! Fly in a state-of-the-art helicopter for jaw-dropping aerial views of Sweden's ... Read more
Stockholm, Sweden
Duration: 20 minutes (approx.)
3-Day Stockholm Archipelago Kayaking and Camping Tour
Explore one of Europe's last wildernesses on this 3-day kayaking and camping tour in the Stockholm archipelago! Led by an expert guide, paddle around the ... Read more
Stockholm, Sweden
Duration: 3 days (approx.)


text:
Expensive tickets
View Single Post
October 12 2009, 07:30 PM
Location: In a world which very few others see
Re: Expensive tickets
Holdfast wrote:
I don't tend to spend big money on one-off events like concerts or sporting events (or even generally on lots of vacations/holidays), preferring to spend on items I can use many times. The exception to this rule are restaurants, and I've been known to run some up big bills there. But I don't think that quite falls under the spirit of the thread.
Opposite here ~ for the last couple of years we've had events/trips away as birthday/Christmas pressies. We've done Les Mis in the West End, Waiting for Godot with Patrick Stewart, and Bill Bailley live. The tickets, the transport and the accommodation do add up but I consider the excitement of the build up, the planning of the trip and the memories to be invaluable ~ especially with a great friend who you don't see that often. Oh and the gigs were good too ~ forgot about The Main Event! And things like this you only kick yourself if you miss. Money is for enjoying.
Oh for goodness sake it's not that important.
Unless it is really important ~ then you can always email it to me and I'll ignore it again tomorrow.
Last edited by K'Ehleyr; October 12 2009 at
. Reason: Forgot the main event!
View Public Profile
Send a private message to K'Ehleyr
Find More Posts by K'Ehleyr


text:
India v England: James Anderson helps tourists take control
Fourth Test, Nagpur, day two:
England 330 (145.5 overs), India 87-4 (41 overs)
James Anderson took three wickets to put England in control after day two of the final Test against India in Nagpur.
The paceman bowled both Virender Sehwag (0) and Sachin Tendulkar (2) and had Gautam Gambhir (37) caught behind.
Off-spinner Graeme Swann dismissed Cheteshwar Pujara (26) as India closed on 87-4, still 243 runs behind England, who lead the series 2-1.
"I was jumping up and down when Sehwag went, but with Tendulkar, suddenly he can't score a run and the way the press are on his back, you wouldn't think he's scored all these runs. It's not as easy to get your feet moving at 39 - I think that Usain Bolt won't run as fast at 39 as he does now - but he deserves better than that. Someone has to talk to him and suggests he makes a decision, they can't just drop him after all he's done. And Jimmy Anderson was the icing on the cake for England at the end - they've not won it yet, but they're in a great position to win the match."
Joe Root scored a patient 73 and Swann smashed 56 to help England to 330 all out on a slow, low wicket.
Having reached that score from their overnight total of 199-5, England's bowlers were in an ideal position to apply some pressure on the Indian batsmen.
And, like so many other times before in this series, the home side duly crumbled.
The pitch offered little seam, swing or spin for the Indian bowling, but as soon as Anderson got the new ball in his hand he immediately had India in trouble.
First he got one to come back in and bowl Sehwag, then he returned later in the evening session to nip one back into Tendulkar.
Finally, he got one to shape away from Gambhir, who went for an expansive cover drive and got a faint edge behind to Matt Prior.
However Anderson will also be grateful for the intervention of Swann after he broke up a promising 58-run partnership between Gambhir and Pujara to hand England the momentum.
It was a superb, diving catch by Ian Bell that brought about the end of Pujara's innings, but the batsman will be disappointed after replays showed the ball may not have hit his glove on the way to short leg.
Swann's wicket capped a superb individual day for the off-spinner, who scored his first Test half-century since 2009 in typically belligerent style.
He came to the crease after Prior had played down the wrong line to Ravichandran Ashwin - the wicketkeeper being bowled for a valuable 57 to end a potentially match-changing 103-run partnership with debutant Root - and Tim Bresnan was pinned in front by Ishant Sharma for a second-ball duck.
Rock-solid Root
- Joe Root's knock was the longest debut innings for an England player since Roger Tolchard against India at Eden Gardens in 1976-77
- The last five England batsmen to score 50 in maiden innings before Root were Kevin Pietersen (2005) Alastair Cook (2006), Owais Shah (2006), Matt Prior (2007) and Tim Ambrose (2008).
Root continued where he left off on the first day, as he showed a solid defence while keeping the scoreboard moving. He looked assured and confident from the first ball of the day and his gritty knock was complemented by Swann's strokeplay - the Nottinghamshire man hitting six fours and two sixes in his breezy innings.
Root was eventually out to a leading edge, caught and bowled by leg-spinner Piyush Chawla, while Swann was trapped in front while sweeping as he attempted to plunder some late runs.
Anderson made just four before he also fell victim to Chawla (4-69), but it was the Lancashire man's bowling which changed the complexion of the match and tipped it in favour of England.
Virat Kohli and MS Dhoni remained unbeaten at the close of play, but they have plenty to do to help deny England a first Test series victory in India since 1984-85.
Sorry, there has been a problem displaying comments, we are working to fix this.


text:
Your Cart
Demo Products
Customer Login
When the Mazda MX-5 Miata was introduced 25 years ago, it made a huge impression and was named "Most Trouble-Free Sports Car" in the 1990 J.D. Power Initial Quality Study (IQS). By 1991, the small, lightweight roadster won over the hearts of its drivers worldwide and achieved nearly 30,000 registrations in the United States alone. Although Miata volume has steadily declined since its peak, the iconic car remains a fan favorite and holds the title of best-selling two-seat sports car of all time. As evidence the Miata hasn't rested on its laurels, the roadster has regularly earned recognition as a J.D. Power award winner over the years, including its most recent award in the 2015 IQS Compact Sports Car Segment.
Continue Reading →
It appears General Motors Corp. is the first auto manufacturer to feel the backlash brought on by the Volkswagen diesel scandal (noted as #Dieselgate on social media). The diesel variants of the Chevrolet Colorado and GMC Canyon were slated to hit dealers in the fourth quarter of this year, but it looks like that may be delayed.
The Nissan Altima has enjoyed five consecutive years of sales growth. Fully redesigned three years ago, Nissan is looking to continue this growth with an exciting mid-cycle refresh. Taking cues from the Maxima and Murano, the 2016 Altima has adopted Nissans bold new styling, known as "energetic flow". Nissan announced the refresh earlier this week and promises a new driving feel, improved fuel economy and a sporty SR trim.
Pope Francis is scheduled to begin his September visit to the U.S. later today and will do so in style, thanks to a retrofitted Jeep Wrangler. The Washington Post reports that the vehicle or "popemobile" is already in the hands of the secret service and being prepared for its tours of Washington, D.C., New York and Philadelphia.
Honda made a statement earlier this year at the New York Auto Show when it unveiled the 2016 Civic Concept. Bold styling and a nuclear green paint job showed Honda was serious about the next generation Civic. Almost 6 months later, the folks at Honda have given us a first look at the all-new 2016 Civic Sedan.
Dominance is a term that can be used to describe Tesla's performance in the electric car market. With technology being expensive — and relatively new — there haven't been many competitors that can offer the same performance oriented efficiency. It looks like the people over at Porsche have taken notice and put the target straight on Tesla, with the announcement of the Mission E.
With a 5-star NHTSA safety ratings score, this 5-passenger sedan gets aspiring junior executives to meetings in sporty fashion, with plenty of tech.
Toyota set out to change the car game when it introduced its Prius to the world in 1997. Pioneering a new standard for alternative fuel vehicles for almost 20 years, the Prius has now become the benchmark and has recorded over 3.5 million global sales. Toyota has set the status quo again, under the night sky in Vegas, with the unveiling of the all-new 2016 Prius.
Porsche fans get ready: a new 911 Carrera is headed to dealerships in March of 2016 and it promises to be the fastest Carrera model ever built. Over the weekend, the German automaker announced the 2017 911 Carrera and Carrera S models would be receiving a first ever turbocharged power plant.
Mitsubishi's pint-sized electric vehicle might be the short commuter's dream. Unfortunately, the EV might be a personal finance nightmare as well.


text:
realmagick.com The shrine of knowledge.
Discworld Mud Wizards
A selection of articles related to discworld mud wizards.
Original articles from our library related to the Discworld Mud Wizards. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Discworld Mud Wizards.
- Looking For The Hub Of The Sacreed Wheel: Part 2
- Now the point of any study of how much we share in our search for the Deity must be in what shared behaviors should we expect? For the purposes of the community of A Mystical Grove, this must be in how we revere and cherish Nature in all its manifold...
Religion & Philosophy >> Religions
- Questions and Answers about Power Animals
- Question : So, what does it mean to work with 'power' animals? Are we working with an individual animal, say the 'possum down the street or the wolf at the zoo? Answer : Well, sorry to say, no. When you work with a 'power' animal (I've got to find a better...
Symbology >> Animals
- About Alchemy
- "The science of alchemy I like very well, and indeed, 'tis the philosophy of the ancients. I like it not only for the profits it brings in melting metals, in decocting, preparing, extracting and distilling herbs, roots; I like it also for the sake of the...
Mystic Sciences >> Alchemy
- King James Bible: Leviticus, Chapter 19
- Chapter 19 19:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 19:2 Speak unto all the congregation of the children of Israel, and say unto them, Ye shall be holy: for I the LORD your God am holy. 19:3 Ye shall fear every man his mother, and his father, and keep my...
Old Testament >> Leviticus
- King James Bible: Leviticus, Chapter 20
- Chapter 20 20:1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, 20:2 Again, thou shalt say to the children of Israel, Whosoever he be of the children of Israel, or of the strangers that sojourn in Israel, that giveth any of his seed unto Molech; he shall surely be put...
Old Testament >> Leviticus
- Calcium carbonicum (Oyster Shell)
- This remedy is made of the shell of the oyster. Let's have a look at an oyster: Inside a thick hard calcium-made shell lies a soft and quite formless animal. When the oyster feels at ease it opens its shell and passively lets through the sea water and...
Remedies >> Remedies C
- Mother Of The Gods And The Father Of The Gael
- There is no surviving, or as yet translated, Creation story within Irish mythology. We learn from the Lebor Gabala Erenn, a text from the Christian Middle Ages, of the Tuatha De Danann, or "People of the Goddess Danu", who came to Ireland either...
Deities & Heros >> Celtic, Welsh, Irish & Brittish
Discworld Mud Wizards is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Discworld Mud Wizards books and related discussion.
Suggested Pdf Resources
- Working With Others
- This material may be used, adapted, modified, and distributed by the administration of Discworld MUD. (http://discworld.atuin.
- www.monkeys-at-keyboards.com
- Being A Better Creator Beta Draft
- www.monkeys-at-keyboards.com
- LPC for Dummies 1
- www.monkeys-at-keyboards.com
- Game Design Document
- hostility, wrought by dead wizards and sorcerers. Online. 1.
- www.abydosonline.com
- Media Complexity and Diversity of Use: Thoughts on a Taxonomy of
- research on MUDs, have shortcomings when it comes to paper uses the MUD Discworld to show how a ..
- www.itslearning.com
Suggested Web Resources
- Wizards' Guild - Discworld MUD Wiki
- Aug 13, 2011 You can help Discworld MUD Wiki by expanding it. 'The Wizards' Guild is for the more subtle people of the disc.
- discworld.imaginary-realities.com
- Discworld MUD - Guilds: Wizard
- Mud links Discworld links Player links The Wizards' Guild is for the more subtle people of the disc.
- discworld.atuin.net
- Discworld MUD - Links
- The links below are to sites created by Discworld players.
- discworld.atuin.net
- Zuroc's Discworld MUD Site » Wizard Guilds
- May 12, 2009 Zuroc's Discworld MUD Site. Back in the saddle again.
- zuroc.cyberoptic.co.uk
- Smange's Discworld Mud Info
- Feb 10, 2002 Sable, my lesser used character, is a wizard. There seems to be a lot of help out there for wizards.
- smangesable.tripod.com
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Discworld Mud Wizards Topics
Related searchesrhyming slang
holy spirit
meaning of dreams about carousel
viraja homa
amazon river tidal bore
dream symbol rocking chair
About - Contact - Advertising
© 2000 - 2015 Realmagick.com, All Rights Reserved.
© 2000 - 2015 Realmagick.com, All Rights Reserved.


text:
This major award is the SPHHS's first entry into such a national program. Dean Aelion says, "It's very exciting for us to be among this group of elite schools of public health in the country. It is a significant recognition that our school is becoming known for excellence in its teaching, research and community outreach mission."
A fundamental concept of the training center is to allow new diabetes prevention projects to be community driven. DiFulvio, the UMass Amherst SPHHS project's evaluator, says, "We don't know exactly what each will look like. We do know that public health workers, community health professionals and community leaders will be key designers of the local projects."
Chipkin and Gerber point out that the role of public health has changed in the past 50 years from a focus on communicable diseases such as polio and measles to non-communicable "lifestyle diseases" such as diabetes and lung cancer caused by smoking. Chipkin, an endocrinologist, points out that diabetes and its related problems of obesity, high blood pressure and high cholesterol have huge public health implications for heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney failure and amputation.
One goal for the current and next generation of community public health professionals is to focus on prevention, he stresses. For diabetes, this means improving diet and exercise habits among people who are pre-diabetic. Chipkin also notes that programs will need to involve all ages because obesity and diabetes rates are rising rapidly among children as well as adults.
DiFulvio agrees. "Our collective view among public health practitioners in western Massachusetts cities, towns and rural areas is that diabetes is really affecting people of all ages in our communities. The approach we will take as a training center is: What can we do together to make a difference?"
Chipkin says that this project "is a great opportunity to
|Contact: Janet Lathrop
University of Massachusetts at Amherst


text:
The Rangers? Sean Avery celebrates with teammates after scoring during the third period of Monday?s game against the Maple Leafs.
- Filed Under
NEW YORK - OK, before we start checking for availability in the Canyon of Heroes in June, let's remember this: The Rangers were 10-2-1 out of the gate last season.
So let's keep the cartwheels to a minimum at this point.
But this Rangers team, off to a 5-1 start after their fifth straight win, is different, and it's easy to see that it feels different to the players. ...


text: we went for a birthday meal as we heard other reviews . The food it self was brilliant Hot and tasted great. We waited for half a hour however the place was full. Only down side i could say was tge staff . There was a lady who was behind the bar talking to any one and every one .... read more


text:
Taeli Minnihan, 10, of West Des Moines, left, and Maddie Moody, 10, of Des Moines' Beaverdale neighborhood, work together during an after-school computer programming club at Cowles Montessori School.
- Filed Under
Future computer programmers are already in training at Cowles Montessori School in Windsor Heights.
A new after-school Scratch computer programming class meets every Monday, with boys and girls in third through sixth grades participating.
What is Scratch? ...


text:
Pachelbel, Johann - Canon for Viola and Piano. Arranged by Daniel Dorff. Published by Theodore Presser Company.
Item# 2579 017
- SHAR Price: $5.95
- Sale Price: $5.36
Availability: IN STOCK
SHAR Library:
Curious About Our Sheet Music Difficulty Ratings?
Posted By: Joseph ChapmanRead more
Sun, Nov 04, 2012
Customer Reviews
Overall Rating
Based on 0 Reviews
1-0 of 0 Reviews


text:
Affluent Lifestyle Guide
You might like Best Runway Models >
Shop Celebrity Style: We love the futuristic shape of this Etro gown on Kristen Bell. Kristen added sparkle to the look in the form of Neil Lane earrings and a gorgeous citrine ring from Yvel. Jimmy Choo heels completed the look.