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Many pesticides are not easily degraded. So once they escape into the environment, their impact can have lasting deadly effects on soil biodiversity, plant diversity and animal diversity. Animals that are already stressed are particularly vulnerable. For example, the USDA and USFWS estimate that about 20% of the endangered and threatened species in the US are jeopardized by use of pesticides.
"The sad reality is that pesticide use is not necessary," says Desbarats. "The pesticide industry is big, valued at well over 33 billion and growing rapidly. These pesticide companies want us to keep using and they spend a lot of money trying to convince the agricultural community of its necessity."
But the true reality is that alternatives to pesticides do exist such as manually or mechanically removing weeds and pests from plants or, using traps and lures to catch pests. Pests can be controlled by removing their pest breeding sites, planting native plants that are resistant amongst the main crop and using bio-control agents such as birds and other pest eating animals.
According to Desbarats "about one third of a pound of pesticides is required for every cotton shirt made. We are literally contributing to the death of farmers in third world countries as well as to the destruction of habitat. I can see some logic in the argument that pesticides are needed to keep feeding the world. It is not a view I agree with, but I can see the reasoning. But where is the justification in the destruction of lives and habitat just to keep us in fast, cheap fashion? I see no logic there."
At the consumer level, there are options. By choosing to buy organic foods and organic clothing, industry will be forced to change. In the US, over 70% of the economy is driven by the consumer so by making
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Monkey and the Mystery of the Snake
Presented by Galapagos Puppets at Arlington Center for the Arts
February 9, 2013
Someone keeps sneaking into the Heavenly Banquet Hall and eating food and decorations meant to welcome the Year of the Snake. Is it the charming and mysterious Snake King? Or a cranky Monkey who wishes the banquet were in his honor? Join Margaret Moody of Galapagos Puppets for this lively episode of Journey to the West, told with traditional Taiwanese hand puppets and choreography.
Please stay and make a simple Chinese Zodiac puppet afterward. Try some oolong tea, too!
More information: www.galapagospuppets.blogspot.com
This program is supported in part by a grant from the Arlington Cultural Council, a local agency which is supported by the Massachusetts Cultural Council, a state agency.
41 Foster Street
Arlington, MA 02474
Admission Info:
Tickets $6, at the door or by e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: 781-643-1228
Accessibility Information:

subset: commoncrawl


text: Behance.net [ New law allows direct sale of Tesla cars in New Jersey By Associated Press March 18, 2015 TRENTON, N.J. (AP) -- New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie signed a measure Wednesday that would allow the sale of Tesla and other zero-emission cars in the state. Read More|Comment Category: Money & Business, New Jersey News Tags: Tesla Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!


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Sitter in 1 portrait
by Jean Baptiste Guth ('GUTH')
Jean Baptiste Guth ('GUTH')(active 1883-1921)
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Artist of 50 portraits
In the 1890s Jean Baptiste Guth was one of an international group of artists who worked for Vanity Fair magazine. They produced caricatures of many of the leading characters of the day, including artists, athletes, royalty, statesmen, scientists, authors, actors, soldiers and scholars. He signed his works 'GUTH'.
"At Rennes." (Alfred Dreyfus and 32 others)
by Jean Baptiste Guth ('GUTH')
chromolithograph, published in Vanity Fair 23 November 1899
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text: Steven Foster Herbalist, author, photographer, conservationist, and researcher, Steven Foster is renowned for his extensive work with Echinacea. He is the co-author of Herbal Emissaries and the Peterson Field Guide to Medicinal Plants, and author of Herbal Bounty-The Gentle Art of Herb Culture, Special Publications Editor for the American Botanical Council (Austin, Texas), and Associate Editor of Herbalgram. Become a Fan × BECOME A FAN Get updates about Steven Foster and recommended reads from Simon & Schuster. Plus, get a FREE eBook when you sign up! Email Address Free eBook available to NEW subscribers only. Offer redeemable at Bookshout.com. Code expires 12/31/2015. See full terms and conditions. By clicking SIGN UP, I acknowledge that I have read and agreed to the Privacy Policy and the Terms of Use. Books by this Author Herbal Emissaries Herbal Emissaries By Steven Foster and Yue ChongxiBy Steven Foster and Yue Chongxi Echinacea Echinacea By Steven FosterBy Steven Foster Get a FREE eBook when you join our mailing list. Plus, receive updates about Steven Foster,recommended reads and more from Simon & Schuster. Email Address Free eBook available to NEW subscribers only. Offer redeemable at Bookshout.com. Code expires 12/31/2015.See full terms and conditions and this month's choices.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 7, 2002
|Filing date
|Apr 10, 2002
|Priority date
|May 12, 1997
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Richard Ness, Igor Fomenkov, William Partlo
|Original Assignee
|Ness Richard M., Fomenkov Igor V., Partlo William N.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (30), Classifications (17), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/690,084 filed Oct. 16, 2000, "Plasma Focus Light Source with Improved Pulse Power System," U.S. Ser. No. 09/590,962, filed Jun. 9, 2000, U.S. Ser. No. 09/442,582, filed Nov. 18, 1999 and U.S. Ser. No. 09/324,526, filed Jun. 2, 1999 which was a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 09/268,243 filed Mar. 15, 1999 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,064,072, U.S. Ser. No. 09/093,416 filed Jun. 8, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,051,841 which is a CIP of Ser. No. 08/854,507 filed May 12, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 5,763,930, all of which are incorporated by reference herein. This invention relates to high-energy photon sources and in particular to highly reliable, high repetition rate x-ray and high-energy ultraviolet sources.
[0002] The semiconductor industry continues to develop lithographic technologies which can print ever smaller integrated circuit dimensions. These systems must have high reliability, cost effective throughput, and reasonable process latitude. The integrated circuit fabrication industry has recently changed over from mercury G-line (436 nm) and I-line (365 nm) exposure sources to 248 nm and 193 nm excimer laser sources. This transition was precipitated by the need for higher lithographic resolution with minimum loss in depth-of-focus.
[0003] The demands of the integrated circuit industry will soon exceed the resolution capabilities of 193 nm exposure sources, thus creating a need for a reliable exposure source at a wavelength significantly shorter than 193 nm. An excimer line exists at 157 nm, but optical materials with sufficient transmission at this wavelength and sufficiently high optical quality are difficult to obtain. Therefore, all-reflective imaging systems may be required. An all reflective optical system requires a smaller numerical aperture than the transmissive systems. The loss in resolution caused by the smaller NA can only be made up by reducing the wavelength by a large factor. Mirrors are available which provide good reflectivity in the wavelength range between about 13.2 and 14 nm. A reliable long-life light source in this range is desired.
[0004] The present state of the art in high energy ultraviolet and x-ray sources utilizes plasmas produced by bombarding various target materials with laser beams, electrons or other particles. Solid targets have been used, but the debris created by ablation of the solid target has detrimental effects on various components of a system intended for production line operation. A proposed solution to the debris problem is to use a frozen liquid or frozen gas target so that the debris will not plate out onto the optical equipment. However, none of these systems have proven to be practical for production line operation.
[0005] It has been well known for many years that x-rays and high energy ultraviolet radiation could be produced in a plasma pinch operation. In a plasma pinch an electric current is passed through a plasma in one of several possible configuration such that the magnetic field created by the flowing electric current accelerates the electrons and ions in the plasma into a tiny volume with sufficient energy to cause substantial stripping of outer electrons from the ions and a consequent production of x-rays and high energy ultraviolet radiation. Various prior art techniques for generation of high energy radiation from focusing or pinching plasmas are described in the following papers and patents:
[0006] J. M. Dawson, "X-Ray Generator," U.S. Pat. No. 3,961,197, Jun. 1, 1976.
[0007] T. G. Roberts, et. al., "Intense, Energetic Electron Beam Assisted X-Ray Generator," U.S. Pat. No. 3,969,628, Jul. 13, 1976.
[0008] J. H. Lee, "Hypocycloidal Pinch Device," U.S. Pat. No. 4,042,848, Aug. 16, 1977.
[0009] L. Cartz, et. al., "Laser Beam Plasma Pinch X-Ray System," U.S. Pat. No. 4,504,964, Mar. 12, 1985.
[0010] A. Weiss, et. al., "Plasma Pinch X-Ray Apparatus," U.S. Pat. No. 4,536,884, Aug. 20, 1985.
[0011] S. Iwamatsu, "X-Ray Source," U.S. Pat. No. 4,538,291, Aug. 27, 1985.
[0012] G. Herziger and W. Neff, "Apparatus for Generating a Source of Plasma with High Radiation Intensity in the X-ray Region, "U.S. Pat. No. 4,596,030, Jun. 17, 1986.
[0013] A. Weiss, et. al, "X-Ray Lithography System," U.S. Pat. No. 4,618,971, Oct. 21, 1986.
[0014] A. Weiss, et. al., "Plasma Pinch X-ray Method," U.S. Pat. No. 4,633,492, Dec. 30, 1986.
[0015] I. Okada, Y. Saitoh, "X-Ray Source and X-Ray Lithography Method," U.S. Pat. No. 4,635,282, Jan. 6, 1987.
[0016] R. P. Gupta, et. al., "Multiple Vacuum Arc Derived Plasma Pinch X-Ray Source," U.S. Pat. No. 4,751,723, Jun. 14, 1988.
[0017] R. P. Gupta, et. al., "Gas Discharge Derived Annular Plasma Pinch X-Ray Source," U.S. Pat. No. 4,752,946, Jun. 21, 1988.
[0018] J. C. Riordan, J. S. Peariman, "Filter Apparatus for use with an X-Ray Source," U.S. Pat. No. 4,837,794, Jun. 6, 1989.
[0019] W. Neff, et al., "Device for Generating X-radiation with a Plasma Source", U.S. Pat. No. 5,023,897, Jun. 11, 1991.
[0020] D. A. Hammer, D. H. Kalantar, "Method and Apparatus for Microlithography Using X-Pinch X-Ray Source," U.S. Pat. No. 5,102,776, Apr. 7, 1992.
[0021] M. W. McGeoch, "Plasma X-Ray Source," U.S. Pat. No. 5,504,795, Apr. 2, 1996.
[0022] G. Schriever, et al., "Laser-produced Lithium Plasma as a Narrow-band Extended Ultraviolet Radiation Source for Photoelectron Spectroscopy", Applied Optics, Vol. 37, No. 7, pp. 1243-1248, March 1998.
[0023] R. Lebert, et al., "A Gas Discharged Based Radiation Source for EUV Lithography", Int. Conf. On Micro and Nano Engineering, September, 1998.
[0024] W. T. Silfast, et al., "High-power Plasma Discharge Source at 13.5 nm and 11.4 nm for EUV Lithography", SPIE Proc. On Emerging Lithographic Technologies III, Vol. 3676, pp. 272-275, March 1999.
[0025] F. Wu, et al., "The Vacuum Spark and Spherical Pinch X-ray/EUV Point Sources", SPIE Proc. On Emerging Lithographic Technologies III, Vol. 3676, pp. 410-420, March 1999.
[0026] I. Fomenkov, W. Partlo, D. Birx, "Characterization of a 13.5 nm for EUV Lithography based on a Dense Plasma Focus and Lithium Emission", Sematech International Workshop on EUV Lithography, October, 1999.
[0027] Typical prior art plasma focus devices can generate large amounts of radiation suitable for proximity x-ray lithography, but are limited in repetition rate and reliability due to large per pulse electrical energy requirements and short lived internal components. The stored electrical energy requirements for these systems range from 1 kJ to 100 kJ. The repetition rates were typically between a few pulses per second to a few hundred pulses per second and these prior art devices were not suitable for production line operation.
[0028] A hollow cathode triggered pinch source which is self-triggered has been described in the literature. However, a disadvantage of this approach is that the output radiation cannot be varied over a significant amplitude range. Adjustment of the output radiation is typically required in laser based lithography sources in order to produce a consistent dose exposure on the wafers and compensate for burst transients associated with the optics in the stepper/scanner as well as energy transients in the source itself. Because the hallow cathode pinch source is self-triggered, there is no rapid means for adjusting the energy delivered to the pinch, and therefore the output radiation energy. The gas pressure inside the device determines the breakdown voltage at which the device triggers and that voltage determines the input energy from the capacitor energy store to the source. In order to vary the output radiation energy, one would have to adjust the gas pressure internal to the pinch. At the high rep-rates required for a production EUV source (for example about 4-5KH3), adjusting the gas pressure would not be feasible on a pulse-to-pulse basis in order to compensate for these normal energy variations. In addition, timing requirements are likely to exist in synchronizing the hollow cathode triggered source radiation with a radiation energy monitor in the stepper. In a self-triggered system, the variation in timing is likely to be unacceptable.
[0029] What is needed is a production line reliable system for producing high energy ultraviolet and x-radiation which operates at high repetition rates with good timing control and avoids prior art problems associated with debris formation.
[0030] The present invention provides a pulse power system for extreme ultraviolet and x-ray light sources. The pulse power system produces electrical pulses of at least 12 J at pulse repetition rates of at least 2000 Hz. The system is extremely reliable and has design lifetime substantially in excess of 10 billion pulses. The system includes a charging capacitor bank, a fast charger for charging the charging capacitor bank in time periods of less than 0.5 ms. A voltage control circuit is provided for controlling the charging voltage capacitor to within less than 0.5 percent of desired values. The system includes a magnetic compression circuit for creating, compressing in duration and amplifying voltage pulses. A trigger circuit discharges the charging capacitor bank into the pulse compression circuit so as to produce EUV or x-ray light pulses with a timing accuracy of less than 10 ns. In a preferred embodiment a pulse transformer with at least two one-turn primary windings and a single one turn secondary winding is included in the pulse compression circuit and increases the pulse voltage by at least a factor of 3.
[0031] The pulse power system described herein is useful for providing high energy electrical pulses at repetition rates in excess of 2000 Hz for several high temperature discharge EUV or x-ray light sources. These include dense plasma focus devices, Z-pinch devices, hollow cathode Z-pinch devices and capillary discharge devices. Inclusion of the pulse transformer is especially recommended when the system is used for dense plasma focus, and the two types of Z-pinch devices.
[0032]FIG. 1 is an electrical drawing of a pulse power system useful as a power source for EUV and soft x-ray sources.
[0033]FIG. 1A shows structure elements of a pulse transformer.
[0034]FIGS. 1B and 1C show test data.
[0035]FIG. 2 shows electrical features of a dense plasma focus EUV device.
[0036]FIGS. 2A and 2B are cross-section drawings of a plasma pinch prototype EUV device.
[0037]FIG. 3 shows features of a conventional Z-pinch device.
[0038]FIG. 4 shows features of a hollow cathode Z-pinch device.
[0039]FIG. 5 shows features of a capillary discharge device.
[0040]FIG. 6 is the FIG. 1 circuit converted for negative potential pulses.
[0041] To produce light in the spectral range of 13-14 nm from plasma requires a very hot plasma corresponding to temperatures of 10's of eV. Plasmas at these temperatures can be created by focusing a very high power (very short pulse) laser beam or a high energy electron beam on the surface of a metal target. It is also possible to produce a plasma in a gas with an electric discharge using any of several special discharge techniques. Some of these techniques are discussed in the papers referred to in the background section. These techniques included (1) a dense plasma focus technique (2) a regular Z-pinch technique, (3) a hollow cathode Z-pinch and (4) a capillary discharge technique. All of these techniques are discussed in greater detail below. For use as a lithography light source for integrated circuit fabrication the light source and the power supply for it should be capable of continuous, reliable, round-the-clock operation for many billions of pulses. This is because the lithography machines and the associated fabrication lines are extremely expensive and any unscheduled down time could represent losses of hundreds of thousands of dollars per hour.
[0042] Several prior art pulse power supply systems are known for supplying short electrical high voltage pulses to create the discharges in these devices. However, none of these prior art power supplies provides the reliability and control features needed for high repetition rate, high power long-life and reliability needed for integrated circuit lithographic production. Applicants have, however, built and tested a pulse power system relying in part on technology developed by Applicants for their excimer laser light sources. These excimer lasers producing 248 nm and 193 nm light, are currently extensively used as light sources for integrated circuit fabrication. This preferred embodiment built and tested by Applicants is described in the next section.
[0043] A description of the electrical circuit diagram of this preferred pulse power system is set forth below with reference to FIG. 1 and occasionally to FIGS. 1A, 2A and B.
[0044] A conventional approximately 700 V dc power supply 400 is used to convert AC electrical power from utility 208 Volt, 3 phase power into approximately 700 V dc 50 amp power. This power supply 400 provides power for resonant charger unit 402. Power supply unit 400 charges up a large 1500 μF capacitor bank, C-1. Upon command from an external trigger signal, the resonant charger initiates a charging cycle by closing the command-charging switch, S1. Once the switch closes, a resonant circuit is formed from the C-1 capacitor, a charging inductor L1, and a C0 capacitor bank which forms a part of solid pulse power system (SSPPS) 404. Current therefore begins to discharge from C-1 through the L1 inductor and into C0, charging up that capacitance. Because the C-1 capacitance is much, much larger than the C0 capacitance, the voltage on C0 can achieve approximately 2 times the initial voltage of that on C-1 during this resonant charging process. The charging current pulse assumes a half-sinusoidal shape and the voltage on C0 resembles a "one minus cosine" waveform.
[0045] In order to control the end voltage on C0, several actions may take place. First, the command-charging switch S1 can be opened up at any time during the normal charging cycle. In this case, current ceases to flow from C-1 but the current that has already been built up in the charging inductor continues to flow into C0 through the free-wheeling diode D3. This has the effect of stopping any further energy from C-1 from transferring to C0. Only that energy left in the charging inductor L1 (which can be substantial) continues to transfer to C0 and charge it to a higher voltage.
[0046] In addition, the de-qing switch S2 across the charging inductor can be closed, effectively short-circuiting the charging inductor and "de-qing" the resonant circuit. This essentially removes the inductor from the resonant circuit and prevents any further current in the inductor from continuing to charge up C0. Current in the inductor is then shunted away from the load and trapped in the loop made up of charging inductor L1, the de-qing switch S2, and the de-qing diode D4. Diode D4 is included in the circuit since the IGBT has a reverse anti-parallel diode included in the device that would normally conduct reverse current. As a result, diode D4 blocks this reverse current which might otherwise bypass the charging inductor during the charging cycle. Finally, a "bleed down" or shunt switch and series resistor (both not shown in this preferred embodiment) can be used to discharge energy from C0 once the charging cycle is completely finished in order to achieve very fine regulation of the voltage on C0.
[0047] The DC power supply is a 208 V, 90 A, AC input, 800 V, 50 A DC output regulated voltage power supply provided by vendors such as Universal Voltronics, Lambda/EMI, Kaiser Systems, Sorensen, etc. A second embodiment can use multiple, lower power, power supplies connected in series and/or parallel combinations in order to provide the total voltage, current, and average power requirements for the system. The C-1 capacitor in the resonant charger 402 is comprised of two 450 V DC, 3100 μF, electrolytic capacitors connected together in series. The resulting capacitance is 1550 μF rated at 900 V, providing sufficient margin over the typical 700-800 V operating range. These capacitors can be obtained from vendors such as Sprague, Mallory, Aerovox, etc. The command charging switch S1 and output series switch S3 in the embodiment are 1200 V, 300 A IGBT switches. The actual part number of the switches is CM300HA-24H from Powerex. The de-qing switch S2 is a 1700 V, 400 A IGBT switch, also from Powerex, part number CM400HA-34H. The charging inductor L1 is a custom made inductor made with 2 sets of parallel windings (20 turns each) of Litz wire made on a toroidal, 50-50% NiFe tape wound core with two ⅛″ air gaps and a resulting inductance of approximately 140 μH. National Arnold provides the specific core. Other embodiments can utilize different magnetic materials for the core including Molypermaloy, Metglas™, etc. The series, de-qing, and freewheeling diodes are all 1400 V, 300 A diodes from Powerex, part number R6221430PS.
[0048] Once the resonant charger 402 charges up C0, a trigger is generated by a control unit (not shown) in the resonant charger that triggers the IGBT switches S4 to close. Although only one is shown in the schematic diagram (for clarity), S4 consists of eight parallel IGBT's which are used to discharge C0 into C1. Current from the C0 capacitors then discharges through the IGBT's and into a first magnetic switch LS1. Sufficient volt-seconds are provided in the design of this magnetic switch to allow all of the 8 parallel IGBT's to fully turn on (i.e. close) prior to substantial current building up in the discharge circuit. After closure the main current pulse is generated and used to transfer the energy from C0 into C1. The transfer time from C0 to C1 is typically on the order of 5 μs with the saturated inductance of LS1 being approximately 230 nH. As the voltage on C1 builds up to the full desired voltage, the volt-seconds on a second magnetic switch LS2 run out and that switch saturates, transferring the energy on C1 into 1:4 pulse transformer 406 which is described in more detail below. The transformer basically consists of three one turn primary "windings" connected in parallel and a single secondary "winding". The secondary conductor is tied to the high voltage terminal of the primaries with the result that the step-up ratio becomes 1:4 instead of 1:3 in an auto-transformer configuration. The secondary "winding" is then tied to C2 capacitor bank that is then charged up by the transfer of energy from C1 (through the pulse transformer). The transfer time from C1 to C2 is approximately 500 ns with the saturated inductance of LS2 being approximately 2.3 nH. As the voltage builds up on C2, the volt-second product of the third magnetic switch LS3 is achieved and it also saturates, transferring the voltage on C2 to anode 8 a as shown on FIGS. 14A and 14B. The saturated inductance of LS3 is approximately 1.5 nH.
[0049] Bias circuitry shown in the FIG. 1 at 408 is also used to properly bias the three magnetic switches. Current from the bias power supply V1, passes through magnetic switch LS3. It then splits and a portion of the current passes through bias inductor L5 and back to the bias power supply V1. The remainder of the current passes through the pulse transformer secondary winding and then through magnetic switches LS2 and LS1 and bias inductor L3 back to the bias power supply V1. Bias inductor L2 provides a path back to the power supply from current through the pulse transformer primary to ground. Bias inductors L3 and L5 also provide voltage isolation during the pulse in the SSPPS since the bias power supply V1 operates close to ground potential (as opposed to the potentials generated in the SSPPS where the bias connections are made).
[0050] The C0, C1 and C2 capacitances are made up of a number of parallel, polypropylene film capacitors mounted on a printed circuit board with thick (6-10 oz.) copper plating. The printed circuit boards are wedge shaped such that 4 boards make up a cylindrical capacitor deck which feeds a cylindrical bus for both the high voltage and ground connections. In such a way, a low inductance connection is formed which is important to both the pulse compression and to the stability of the plasma pinch in the DPF itself. The total capacitance for C0 and C1 are 21.6 μF each while the total capacitance for C2 is 1.33 μF. The C0 and C1 capacitors are 0.1 μF, 1600 V capacitors obtained from vendors such as Wima in Germany or Vishay Roederstein in North Carolina. The C2 capacitance is made up of three sections of capacitors stacked in series to achieve the overall voltage rating since the voltage on the secondary of the pulse transformer is about 5 kV. The C2 capacitors are 0.01 μF, 2000 V dc components, again from Wima or Vishay Roederstein. The SSPPS switches are 1400 V, 1000 A IGBT switches. The actual part number is CM1000HA-28H from Powerex. As noted earlier, 8 parallel IGBT switches are used to discharge C0 into C1. The SSPPS series diodes are all 1400 V, 300 A diodes from Powerex, part number R6221430. Two diodes are used for each IGBT switch, resulting in a total of sixteen parallel devices.
[0051] Magnetic switch LS1 is a custom made inductor made with 16 sets of parallel windings (6 turns each) of Litz wire made on a toroidal, ferrite core. The specific core is provided by Ceramic Magnetics of New Jersey and is made of CN-20 ferrite material. The toroid is 0.5″ thick with an I.D. of 5.0″ and an O.D. of 8.0″. Magnetic switch LS2 is a single turn, toroidal inductor. The magnetic core is tape wound on a 8.875″ O.D. mandrel using 2″ wide, 0.7 mil thick, 2605-S3A Metglas™ from Honeywell with 0.1 mil thick Mylar wound in between layers to an outside diameter 10.94″. Magnetic switch LS3 is also a single turn, toroidal inductor. The magnetic core is tape wound on a 9.5″ O.D. mandrel using 1″ wide, 0.7 mil thick, 2605-S3A Metglas™ from Honeywell with 0.1 mil thick Mylar wound in between layers to an outside diameter of 10.94″.
[0052] The pulse transformer is shown at 406, also shown in FIG. 1A has three transformer core. Each of the three transformer cores is tape wound on a 12.8 inch O.D. mandrel 422 using 1″ wide, 0.7 mil thick, 2605-S3A Metglas™ from Honeywell with 0.1 mil thick Mylar wound in between layers to an outside diameter of 14.65″. Each of the three cores 418 are ring shaped, 12.8 inch I.D. and about 14 inch O.D. having heights of 1 inch. FIG. 1A is an axial cross section sketch showing the physical arrangement of the three cores and the primary and secondary "windings". Each of the primary windings actually are formed from two circular rings 420A and 420B bolted to mandrel 422 and rod-like spacers 424. The secondary "winding" is comprised of 48 circularly spaced bolts 426. The transformer operates on a principal similar to that of a linear accelerator, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,142,166. A high voltage current pulse in the three primary "windings" induce a voltage rise in the secondary "winding" approximately equal to the primary voltage. The result is a voltage generated in the secondary winding (i.e., rods 426) equal to three times the primary voltage pulse. But since the low voltage side of the secondary winding is tied to the primary windings a four-fold transformation is provided in this "auto-transformer" configuration.
[0053] Bias inductors L3 and L4 are both toroidal inductors wound on a Molypermalloy magnetic core. The specific core dimensions are a height of 0.8″, an I.D. of 3.094″, and an O.D. of 5.218″. The part number of the core is a-430026-2 from Group Arnold. Inductor l3 has 90 turns of 12 AWG wire wound on the toroid for an inductance of 7.3 mH while L4 has 140 turns of 12 AWG wire wound on it for an inductance of ˜18 mH. Bias inductor L6 is merely 16 turns of 12 AWG wire wound in a 6″ diameter. Bias inductor L4 is 30 turns of 12 AWG wire in a 6″ diameter. Bias inductor L2 is 8 turns of 12 AWG wire in a 6" diameter. Resistor R1 is an array of twenty parallel resistors, each of which is 27 ohm, 2W carbon composition resistor.
[0054] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrical circuit as shown in FIG. 1 provides positive high voltage pulses to the center electrode 8A as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 2B1, and FIG. 2B2. The direction of current flow of each portion of each initial pulse is shown by arrows 409A, 409B and 409C respectively through the primary and secondary sides of the transformer 406 and between the electrodes. (The reader should note the direction of electron flow is opposite the direction of current flow). The reader should note also that during the latter portion of each pulse the current actually reverses as indicated by the trace shown in FIG. 1B.
[0055] In prior art dense plasma focus devices, the central electrode is typically configured as an anode with the surrounding electrode configured as cathode. Thus, the polarity of the electrodes of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2B is consistent with this prior art technique. It is known in the prior art to reverse the polarity of the electrodes; however, the results have typically been a substantial reduction in performance. (For example, see G. Decker, et al., "Experiments Solving the Polarity Riddle of the Plasma Focus," Physics Letters, Vol. 89A, Number 8, 7 June 1982).
[0056] Applicants have in a preferred embodiment of the present invention demonstrated excellent performance by reversing the electrode polarity of a dense plasma focus device. To do this Applicants modified the circuit shown in FIG. 1 to provide a circuit as shown in FIG. 6. The basic design of the FIG. 1 circuit made this task relatively easy. The connections on DC power supply 400 were switched, switches S1, S2, S3 and S4 were reversed and diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 were reversed. Also the polarity of bias power supply V1 was reversed. As a result the initial current flow for each pulse was in the directions shown at 409A, 409B, and 409C in FIG. 6. Thus, the central electrode 8A as shown in the figures including FIG. 2B2 is initially charged negative and the initial current flow in this embodiment is from ground electrodes 8B to central electrode 8A. The electron flow is in the opposite direction; i.e., from central electrode 8A to surrounding electrode 8B. Another technique for reversing polarity is to modify the pulse transformer design to eliminate the "onto" aspect of the transformer. That is to connect the low voltage side to ground instead of the primary high voltage. If this is done polarity can be reversed by merely changing the secondary leads of the pulse transformer. This of course would mean in this case there would be only a factor of 3 increase in voltage rather than 4. But to compensate another primary section could be added.
[0057] Applicants' experiments have demonstrated some surprising improvements resulting from this change in polarity. An important improvement is that pre-ionization requirements are greatly reduced and may be completely eliminated. Applicants believe this improved performance results from a hollow-cathode type effect resulting from the hollow portion at the top of electrode 8A as shown in FIG. 2A. According to Applicants measurements under various conditions, the quality of pinches is better than pinches produced with the positive central electrode polarity. Applicants estimate increases in EUV output could be up to about a factor of two.
[0058] In order to improve the overall efficiency this fourth generation dense plasma focus device provides for energy recovery on a pulse-to-pulse basis of electrical pulse energy reflected from the discharge portion of the circuit. Energy recovery is achieved as explained below by reference to FIG. 1.
[0059] After the discharge C2 is driven negative. When this occurs, LS2 is already saturated for current flow from C1 to C2. Thus, instead of having energy ringing in the device (which tends to cause electrode erosion) the saturated state of LS2 causes the reverse charge on C2 to be transferred resonantly back into C1. This transfer is accomplished by the continued forward flow of current through LS2. After the transfer of charge from C2 to C1, C1 then has a negative potential as compared to C0 (which at this time is at approximately ground potential) and (as was the case with LS2) LS1 continues to be forward conducting due to the large current flow during the pulse which has just occurred. As a consequence, current flows from C0 to C1 bringing the potential of C1 up to about ground and producing a negative potential on C0.
[0060] The reader should note that this reverse energy transfers back to C0 is possible only if all the saturable inductors (LS1, LS2 and LS3) remain forward conducting until all or substantially all the energy is recovered on C0. After the waste energy is propagated back into C0, C0 is negative with respect to its initial stored charge. At this point switch S4 is opened by the pulse power control. Inverting circuit comprising inductor L1 and solid state diode D3 coupled to ground causes a reversal of the polarity of C0 as the result of resonant free wheeling (i.e., a half cycle of ringing of the L1-C0 circuit as clamped against reversal of the current in inductor L1 by diode D3 with the net result that the energy is recovered by the partial recharging of C0. Therefore, the energy which otherwise would have contributed to the erosion of the electrodes is recovered reducing the charging requirements for the following pulse.
[0061]FIGS. 1B and 1C show test results from a fourth generation plasma pinch prototype device. FIG. 1B shows the pulse shape on capacitor C2 and across the electrodes and FIG. 1C shows a measured photo diode signal with Xenon as the active gas.
[0062] The high repetition rate reliable, long-life pulse power system described above can be utilized to provide high voltage electrical pulses to a variety of extreme ultraviolet or x-ray light sources. These sources included a dense plasma focus device shown in FIG. 2, conventional Z-pinch shown in FIG. 3, a hollow cathode Z-pinch device shown in FIG. 4, and a capillary discharge device as shown in FIG. 5.
[0063] In each case the light source is generally symmetrical about an axis referred to as the "Z" direction. For this reason these sources especially the first three are often referred to as "Z" pinch light sources.
[0064] The principal feature of a dense plasma focus EUV light source is shown in FIG. 2. These are anode 8A, cathode 8B and insulator 8C and a high voltage pulse power source 8D. In this case when high voltage is applied a discharge starts between the cathode and the anode running along the outside surface of insulator 8C. Forces generated by the high plasma current, forces the plasma generally upward then inward creating an extremely hot plasma pinch just above the center of the anode.
[0065] The parameters specified above for the pulse power system shown in FIG. 1 were chosen especially for this light source to produce 12 J pulses of about 5,000 volts with pulse durations of about 100 to about 500 ns. Preferably a preionizer (which may be a spark gap preionizer) is provided as described in more detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/690,084 which has been incorporated by reference herein.
[0066]FIG. 2A shows a cross-section of the fourth generation plasma pinch EUV light source actually built and tested by Applicants which incorporates the pulse power system described in FIG. 1. Many of the electrical components referred to above are designated in FIG. 2A. FIG. 2B is a blow-up of the electrode region of the device showing in greater detail the anode 8A, the cathode 8B and the spark gap preionizers 138.
[0067] A conventional Z-pinch light source is shown in FIG. 3. In this case the discharge starts between the anode and the cathode along the inside surface of insulator 9C. The forces generated by the high-current, forces the plasma to the center of the cylindrical volume formed by insulator 9C and causes the plasma to pinch with extremely hot temperatures near the upper end of the volume.
[0068] The pulse power circuit shown in FIG. 1 with the components described above would work for embodiments of the conventional Z-pinch design, although persons skilled in the art may choose to make changes to coordinate the parameters of the pulse power electrical components with specific design parameters of the Z-pinch. For example, if 5,000 volt pulses are preferred this can be easily accomplished simply with the same basic circuit as shown in FIG. 1 but with one additional one-turn primary winding on the pulse transformer 406. With this design a preionizer is usually provided to help initiate the plasma at the start of each pulse. These preionizers may be spark gap or other preionizer source and are usually powered from a separate source not shown.
[0069] The hollow cathode Z-pinch shown in FIG. 4 is very similar to the conventional z pinch. The difference being that the cathode is configured to produce a hollow below the cylindrically shaped insulator. This design can avoid the need for a preionizer because a very large number of ions and electrons are naturally produced near the top of the hollow region 9E at the beginning of each pulse when the high voltage increases to a sufficiently high level. For this reason this design does not require a high voltage switch to initiate the discharge. The discharge is referred to as having been self-initiated.
[0070] When using the power supply shown in FIG. 1 to provide pulse power for this design, the last saturable inductor L53 could be eliminated or its value reduced substantially since the development of plasma in the hollow in the cathode serves the same purpose as saturable inductor L53 of holding off the discharge until the peaking capacitor C2 is sufficiently charged, then permitting current to flow substantially unimpeded.
[0071] This hollow cathode Z-pinch may be designed for significantly higher pulse voltages than the first two designs. This is no problem with the power supply shown in FIG. 1. A discharge pulses of, for example, 10,000 Volts are easily provided by merely increasing the number of one-turn primary windings of the transformer 406 from 3 to 9.
[0072] A drawing of a conventional capillary discharge EUV light source is shown in FIG. 5. In this design the compression of the plasma created by the high voltage discharge between the cathode and the anode is achieved by forcing the plasma through a narrow capillary which typically has a diameter in the range of about 0.5 mm to 4 mm. In this case the pulse duration is in the order of about 0.5 microseconds to 4 microseconds as compared to about 100 to 500 nanoseconds for the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4. Also, the pulse voltages are typically substantially lower, such as about 1500 volts. However, the same pulse power system provides an excellent electrical power source with minor modifications. A simple modification is to eliminate the last step of magnetic compression which is accomplished by leaving off the C2 capacitor bank and the L53 saturable inductor. The peak pulse voltage could be reduced to 2,000 by windings in pulse transformer 406 from three to one, or the transformer could be eliminated with an increase in the initial charging voltage to provide electrical pulses of a few microseconds and a peak voltage of about 1500 volts.
[0073] It is understood that the above described embodiments are illustrative of only a few of the many possible specific embodiments which can represent applications of the principals of the present invention.
[0074] For example, many of the features disclosed in the several patents and papers cited in the Background section could be incorporated into designs using the pulse power system described. For use as a lithography light source preferred, EUV light in the range of 13.2-14 nm is preferred. Light in this range can be produced using lithium or Xenon as the active source. Buffer gases of lithium or neon are preferred.
[0075] With the use of properly chosen materials, stimulated emission is possible with these designs using the power supply of this invention. In the case of the dense plasma focus the electrode configuration could be modified to provide for a pinch long in a direction transverse to the z direction with stimulated emission in the transverse direction.
[0076] Accordingly, the reader is requested to determine the scope of the invention by the appended claims and their legal equivalents, and not by the examples which have been given.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 4, 1936
|Mar 28, 1939
|American Box Board Co
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 3, 2002
|Nov 9, 2004
|Cymer, Inc.
|Plasma focus light source with improved pulse power system
|May 7, 2002
|Jan 4, 2005
|Cymer, Inc.
|Gas discharge ultraviolet laser with enclosed beam path with added oxidizer
|Dec 22, 2004
|Jul 4, 2006
|Xtreme Technologies Gmbh
|Arrangement for generating pulsed currents with a high repetition rate and high current strength for gas discharge pumped radiation sources
|Mar 17, 2004
|Aug 8, 2006
|Cymer, Inc
|High repetition rate laser produced plasma EUV light source
|Jul 27, 2004
|Jan 16, 2007
|Cymer Inc.
|EUV light source
|Dec 18, 2003
|Feb 20, 2007
|Cymer, Inc.
|Discharge produced plasma EUV light source
|Jul 9, 2004
|Feb 27, 2007
|Energetiq Technology Inc.
|Inductively-driven light source for microscopy
|Jul 9, 2004
|Apr 3, 2007
|Energetiq Technology Inc.
|Inductively-driven light source for lithography
|Mar 10, 2004
|May 15, 2007
|Cymer, Inc.
|Collector for EUV light source
|Jul 9, 2004
|Dec 11, 2007
|Energetiq Technology Inc.
|Inductively-driven plasma light source
|Nov 30, 2005
|Jan 29, 2008
|Qimonda Ag
|Device for generating and/or influencing electromagnetic radiation from a plasma
|Mar 23, 2004
|Mar 18, 2008
|Cymer, Inc.
|DUV light source optical element improvements
|Sep 27, 2006
|Aug 4, 2009
|Energetiq Technology, Inc.
|Inductively-driven plasma light source
|Oct 24, 2008
|Apr 19, 2011
|Cymer, Inc.
|LPP EUV light source drive laser system
|Jan 12, 2007
|May 24, 2011
|Energetiq Technology Inc.
|Inductively-driven plasma light source
|Oct 31, 2007
|Mar 27, 2012
|Energetiq Technology, Inc.
|Method for inductively-driven plasma light source
|Apr 14, 2011
|Jun 11, 2013
|Cymer, Inc.
|LPP EUV light source drive laser system
|Jul 3, 2002
|Jan 9, 2003
|Melnychuk Stephan T.
|Plasma focus light source with improved pulse power system
|Dec 18, 2003
|Aug 19, 2004
|Partlo William N.
|Discharge produced plasma EUV light source
|Dec 22, 2004
|Sep 15, 2005
|Xtreme Technologies Gmbh;
|Arrangement for generating pulsed currents with a high repetition rate and high current strength for gas discharge pumped radiation sources
|Jul 9, 2004
|Jan 12, 2006
|Energetig Technology Inc.
|Inductively-driven light source for lithography
|Jul 9, 2004
|Jan 12, 2006
|Energetiq Technology Inc.
|Inductively-driven plasma light source
|Jul 9, 2004
|Jan 12, 2006
|Energetiq Technology Inc.
|Inductively-driven light source for microscopy
|Jul 7, 2005
|Jan 26, 2006
|Energetiq Technology Inc.
|Inductively-driven plasma light source
|Mar 10, 2004
|Jun 22, 2006
|Partlo William N
|Collector for EUV light source
|Nov 30, 2005
|Jun 22, 2006
|Siegfried Schwarzl
|Device for generating and/or influencing electromagnetic radiation from a plasma
|Sep 27, 2006
|Apr 5, 2007
|Energetiq Technology, Inc.
|Inductively-driven plasma light source
|Dec 21, 2011
|Jun 20, 2012
|Reflector double-stroke amplification soft X-ray laser light-emitting target device and regulating method
|Dec 23, 2003
|Jul 28, 2005
|Xtreme Technologies Gmbh
|Pulse electric current generating apparatus used in microchip manufacture, has capacitor bank comprised of two capacitors, for producing high voltage for discharge
|Dec 23, 2003
|Apr 11, 2013
|Xtreme Technologies Gmbh
|Anordnung zur Erzeugung impulsf�rmiger Str�me hoher Repetitionsrate und hoher Stromst�rke f�r gasentladungsgepumpte Strahlungsquellen
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jun 27, 2002
|Dec 3, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 10, 2007
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 23, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Mar 7, 2014
Owner name: CYMER, LLC, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:CYMER, INC.;REEL/FRAME:032376/0745
Effective date: 20130530
|Apr 10, 2014
Owner name: ASML NETHERLANDS B.V., NETHERLANDS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CYMER, LLC;REEL/FRAME:032659/0256
Effective date: 20140106


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Monday - Friday: 5:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. PST
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Our Colonial-inspired Plymouth Collection is a perfect fit for both casual and formal homes. Inspired by a period in American History when decorative elements first began to displace pure utilitarian objects, Plymouth offers a hint of the romance of that era. A braided rope detail is featured on the outer arms, adding a special twist to the design.Mounting Direction: Up/DownShade Included.Warranty: 3-YearsHeight From Outlet Box: 4.25 x 5.25


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Spectre Will Be The Last James Bond Film For Director Sam Mendes
Many people think the most recent James Bond film, Skyfall, was one of the best. Credit for that goes largely to director Sam Mendes, who brought his Oscar-winning skills to the action franchise. He begrudgingly came back for the upcoming film, Spectre, but now says this will probably be his last one. »


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Adam Jones
O's Pull Out Of Oakland With 9-5 Win
The Orioles recovered from a first inning, 2-0 deficit with plenty of offense and pitching that was good enough Sunday, beating the Oakland A's 9-5.
Britton, O's Drop Early Lead In Loss To A's
The Orioles lost the second game of their series against the Oakland Athletics.
O's Walk-Off Again, This Time With Win 81
Manny Machado and the Orioles won a 14-inning thriller, and officially ended their long losing ways.
O-mazing 9th Gives Orioles Another Walk-Off Win
Nate McLouth and Manny Machado helped carry the Birds away with another huge walk-off win.
Hardy's Boys Hammer Tampa 9-2
JJ Hardy hit two home runs in the Orioles 9-2 clobbering over Tampa Bay.
Yanks Win Homer-fest Over Chen and O's
Adam Jones' 3-Run Homer was not enough to drop the Yankees, as the Orioles lost 8-5.
Flipped Script Reflipped, O's Power Past Yankees
Mark Reynolds and the Orioles combined to hit six home runs in their dramatic win over the Yankees.
Jays 6-4 Over O's
They won't all go so easy. Wednesday night in Toronto, things went poorly for the O's, as the Blue Jays salvaged the final game of the three-game series, 6-4. Miguel Gonzalez was on the mound, trying to build on the momentum of his last start Friday night in New York—a seven inning, four hit, zero […]
O's Thump Jays, Tie Yankees For AL East Lead
Zach Britton and the offense jolted the Orioles into first place against the Blue Jays.
O's Earn Series Win In New York
Mark Reynolds crushed two home runs against the Yankees as the Orioles tightened the AL East division race.


text:
Watch Restaurant: A few young waiters at a popular New Jersey restaurant are dreaming of becoming actors or otherwise getting into the artistic community.
|April 17, 1998
|107 mins
|Eric Bross
|John Carroll Lynch Malcolm-Jamal Warner Adrien Brody Zoe Hunter Robert Capelli Jr. Vonte Sweet Lord Kayson Sybil Temtchine Geneva Carr Jeff Bond Rod Maiorano Nicholas Giordano Katie Hammel Gwendolyn Bailey H.M. Coakley
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My Beatport lets you follow your favorite DJs and labels so you can find out when they release new tracks. Log in or create an account today so you never miss a new release.
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Midnight Magic,
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Wolf + Lamb Records
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Life on Planets
So True
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Wolf + Lamb,
Life on Planets
Je Ne Sais Quoi (Remixes)
Life on Planets,
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With Any Future
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Life Hacks. Dating Fun Facts. A great number of people worldwide tend to use the internet to find love and companionship through various online dating sites sending people on casual dates over lunch, brunch, or drinks after work. To attract online daters and contact them to express affection and interest, single men and women place their profile photos, sell their life's resume, and socialize on various media. This include Facebook which is a place where relationships and breakups are public like this "Facebook Big Bang Theory" on YouTube.
Indeed, online dating is social networking but with a different goal in mind. Many claim that the wide geographic reach of online dating also reduces the odds of being humiliated. Easier to endure rejection from afar rather than have someone laugh directly in your face. Alcoholic Fun Facts. Amazing Coincidences. Weird Stuff Life is full of coincidences, some very minor, but occasionally – extraordinary.
This is a list of 15 of the most incredible, unbelievable coincidences. 15. Childhood Book While American novelist Anne Parrish was browsing bookstores in Paris in the 1920s, she came upon a book that was one of her childhood favorites – Jack Frost and Other Stories. Sex Fun Facts. Health Fun Facts. Absolutely True!
The safest number of times to reuse a disposable razor is only 3. Disposable razors have thinner blades than other razors, and are thus more prone to producing microscopic cuts in the skin. The longer you keep using a disposable razor, the more germs it will collect, and the greater the chance that a nick will become infected. When you walk uphill, the level of harmful fats in the bloodstream goes down. When you walk downhill, blood sugar levels are reduced. 90% of the calories in cream cheese come from fat! Make sure your television set is securely supported if you have young children in your house.
If you have an impaired immune system, don't eat alfalfa sprouts. Coffee does not increase the risk of heart attacks. Sweet potatoes contain no more calories than white potatoes, and virtually no fat. Sleep Fun Facts. Sleep Fun Facts. Yawn Fun Fact. By Andrew Newburg | Yawn.
Go ahead: Laugh if you want (though you'll benefit your brain more if you smile), but in my professional opinion, yawning is one of the best-kept secrets in neuroscience. Even my colleagues who are researching meditation, relaxation, and stress reduction at other universities have overlooked this powerful neural-enhancing tool. However, yawning has been used for many decades in voice therapy as an effective means for reducing performance anxiety and hypertension in the throat. Several recent brain-scan studies have shown that yawning evokes a unique neural activity in the areas of the brain that are directly involved in generating social awareness and creating feelings of empathy. One of those areas is the precuneus, a tiny structure hidden within the folds of the parietal lobe.
Why am I so insistent? As a young medical student, I was once "caught" yawning and actually scolded by my professor. Kissing Fun Facts.
No Themed Fun Fact Websites. Coffee Fun Facts. Math Fun Facts. Did you know that it is possible to cut a solid ball into 5 pieces, and by re-assembling them, using rigid motions only, form TWO solid balls, EACH THE SAME SIZE AND SHAPE as the original?
This theorem is known as the Banach-Tarski paradox. So why can't you do this in real life, say, with a block of gold? If matter were infinitely divisible (which it is not) then it might be possible. But the pieces involved are so "jagged" and exotic that they do not have a well-defined notion of volume, or measure, associated to them. In fact, what the Banach-Tarski paradox shows is that no matter how you try to define "volume" so that it corresponds with our usual definition for nice sets, there will always be "bad" sets for which it is impossible to define a "volume"! Presentation Suggestions: Students will find this Fun Fact hard to believe. The Math Behind the Fact: First of all, if we didn't restrict ourselves to rigid motions, this paradox would be more believable.
Brain Fun Facts. The adult human brain weighs about 3 pounds (1,300-1,400 g).
The adult human brain is about 2% of the total body weight. The elephant brain weighs about 6,000 g. The cat brain weighs about 30 g. The average human brain is 140 mm wide. Wordly Fun Facts. 1.
Floating Post Office in Michigan? Michigan is the only place in the world with a floating post office. The J. W. Westcott II is the only boat in the world that delivers mail to ships while they are still underway. Rubik's Cube Fun Facts. By ThinkNice Admin, on June 28th, 2011 Finally!!! Someone has given us a chart that show's exactly how to solve the Rubik's Cube puzzle game. I remember hating these things as a kid back in the 1980s. HarryPotter Fun Facts. Band Fun Facts. School Fun Fact. Catholic Fun Facts. The Catholic Church owns about 237,000 acres in America.


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Noise Control
Noise Monitoring Service supplies data to mine operators.April 8, 2011
Noise Sentinel Mining system gathers data on noise-related issues for mining companies, allowing community concerns to be addressed and pre-empting noise-related issues for mining companies. Supplied on subscription basis, service monitors noise levels 24 hr/day and transmits alerts on excessive noise levels via email or SMS, so users can take immediate action. Service also allows remote monitoring of noise levels via Internet. Read More
Acoustical Floor Underlayment lends to noise control.January 26, 2007
Made from recycled tires using 82% post-consumer recycled content, Iso-Step has mass of 1 or 2 lb/ft² that lends to effectiveness against airborne and structurally borne sound transmission. Environmentally friendly, rubber-based product can be installed over wood or concrete sub floor as well as under hardwood, vinyl, tile, or carpet flooring. Readily available in 4 x 25 ft rolls, underlayment can be installed as free-floating or glue-down system. Read More
- 1


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The Blood Type Diet Archives Volume 18
Acid / Alkaline Body Balance, BTD and Food Combining
Posted By: joachim, AB-
Our internal body chemistry very much functions within a specific acid / alkaline body environment. Dr. Hay who advocated proper Food Combining first, stressed to combine proper foods in order to create a healthy alkaline body environment. Dr. D'Adamo also stresses the need for an alkaline body environment, especially for A's and AB's. I have noticed that he is less concerned about O's. Actually, if I have observed correctly he sometimes referres to the term "acidic" when talking about this subject and blood group O. I order to discuss the subject I wrote/quoted:
The acid / alkaline body environment is measured in pH. A pH of 7.0 is considered neutral, everything above is alkaline, everything below is acidic. Our blood must maintain a pH of 7.35 = slightly alkaline. If it drops below that to 7.2 we die. Oxygen cannot be transported throughout the body below a pH of 7.2. The cells of the body in health are alkaline. In disease the cell pH is below 7.0. The more acid the cells become, the sicker we are and feel.
Foods are of two types, acid or alkaline. Our bodies produce acid as a by-product of normal metabolism so we have to constantly replenish our alkaline reserves with food. Ideally there is adequate alkaline in the diet to do this. However, if there is not, the body must extract alkaline from its cells to neutralize the acid. This, of course, causes the cells to become acid, and thus diseased by causing toxaemia or autointoxication. Because our bodies are an alkaline entity, in order to maintain health, the majority of our diet must consist of alkaline foods.
It is interesting to note that all unheated (unchanged by cooking i.e. heat and microwave), living and unprocessed vegetables and fruits are alkaline-forming whereas most, if not all, processed, cooked and fried foods are acid-forming. All dairy products, meat, fish, poultry, sugar, sweets (except raw honey) and unsprouted flour products are acid-forming. One of the best arguments for vegetarians is that they don�t consume acid-forming foods. Another fact: Long, slow breathing makes us alkaline while rapid breathing makes us acid.
The concentration of acid in our system determines our health, as over-acidity will 'burn up" the cells, e.g. making them susceptible to cancer. This further supports the fact that fruits and vegetables are considered healthy, while starchy foods should be consumed in moderation and why eating a lot of overly processed food is generally not a good idea.
Interestingly physical and emotional activities or conditions also cause a change in our body chemistry.
� Alkaline-forming physical activities and conditions are: Moderate sunshine, rest and sleep, deep breathing of fresh air, fasting and under-eating, relaxation, soothing music, moderate exercise, adequate water intake.
� Alkaline-forming mental and emotional activities or conditions are: Laughter, releasing processes, meditation, self-esteem.
� Acid-forming physical activities or conditions are: Lack of rest, lack of oxygen, overeating, stress, noise, excessive or no exercise, dehydration.
� Acid-forming emotional and mental conditions are: Anger, denial, confusion, fear.
Celiac Disease and Gluten Sensitivity
Messages in This Thread
Bill de Creeft O+ 69 yrs(&still a Pup!)Non-sec enfp -- Friday, 4 January 2002, at 4:01 a.m.
Karen Brant -- Thursday, 3 January 2002, at 11:41 p.m.
Maggie in UK, A- Secretor (52) -- Thursday, 3 January 2002, at 4:28 p.m.
Renate B sec. Columbia, MD -- Thursday, 3 January 2002, at 4:23 p.m.
Contact D'Adamo Personalized Nutrition customer service for support on where to begin.
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Lomo Amigos de Musica: Cold War Kids3 8 Share Tweet
Cold War Kids began in the Fall of '04 with jangly guitar, hand claps, and a Harmony amp in a storage room atop Mulberry Street restaurant in Fullerton, CA. Since then, Cold War Kids have self released 3 six-song EP's on Monarchy Music, and toured relentlessly. Much like Blue Note Artists of the '50's, the music of the group walks hand in hand with its graphic design. Bass player Matt Maust is responsible for creating the visual aesthetic by constantly documenting the band, friends, strangers, and situations both on tour and at home.
Cold War Kids began in the Fall of '04 with jangly guitar, hand claps, and a Harmony amp in a storage room atop Mulberry Street restaurant in Fullerton, CA. Since then, Cold War Kids have self released 3 six-song EP's on Monarchy Music, and toured relentlessly. Much like Blue Note Artists of the '50's, the music of the group walks hand in hand with its graphic design. Bass player Matt Maust is responsible for creating the visual aesthetic by constantly documenting the band, friends, strangers, and situations both on tour and at home.
Matt Wignall, the band's resident documentarian, friend, and confidant, travels with the band and captures the most candid of moments. These shots were taken by Matt and Matt, as well as the rest of the band. Their design facet is implemented through gallery shows, artistic web design, and supplement design books coinciding with music releases. Ultimately, Cold War Kids intent is to present themselves not just as four musicians, but as an expanding artistic community in which everyone is invited to take part.
Check out the interview with Matt Wignall, and the incredible LC-A+ tour gallery of the Cold War Kids traveling community.
REAL NAME Matt Wignall
CITY Long Beach
How long have you been a Lomographer (or are you new to this whole thing?).
10 years, I went through a big russian phase in the nineties which involved reading Crime and Punishment,
watching Dr. Zhivago, buying a Russian Watch and on the same website they had these funny LC-A cameras.
It was russia2all.com I don't know if it exists still.
Describe the LC-A+ in five words…
dirty crack head of cameras
The strangest, funniest, or hands-down greatest photographic/Lomographic encounter that you have ever had…
I was in Brighton England with the Cold War Kids and I left my LC-A in their tour bus. I was leaving to photograph in Africa in 2 days and I had no lomo and was beside myself. We were walking down the main drag in Brighton and there was this little camera store with old dirty cameras in the window and nothing Lomo of any kind that was evident. I walked in and asked if he had a lomo, he reached down behind the camera and pulled out a Russian made LC-A. I of course bought it as it was such a beautiful twist of fate, but with the value of the US dollar being low I think it cost me 400 bucks or something.
It was worth it.
If your photos shown here could have a soundtrack of three songs, what would they be?
The Passenger – Iggy Pop
Roadrunner – Modern Lovers
Mexican Dogs – forthcoming cold war kids
How does photography fit into the Cold War Kids' design aesthetic?
I think it plays a huge part, the LC-A+ and LC-A combined make up roughly half of the pictures I take of them.
I'm not sure how it effects Maust, he turns any picture he finds into something crappy and throws his text over it, but he uses my images a lot without having to change them, which would say the Lomo turns out the kind of
lo fi crap that looks pretty sweet when in the hands of a cold war kid.
If you could be anywhere, doing anything, right now > where would it be and what would you do?
I am currently in Stockholm Sweden for a month photographing Mando Diao for their new record. I am using my new LC-A+
daily, and could not be happier. Stockholm is a lovely town. I would not want to be doing anything else.
Your gallery is HUGE, and really amazing! Tell us all the different locations that you shot.
I reckon most of it is in Mexico City and its various suburbs. There may be some other shots in there too that could
conceivably be from New York or the UK, but mostly Mexico City.
A fine town for a Lomo.
What future do you see for analog photography? What do you think sets it apart from digital?
I think analog photography will always be around in the same way there are still guys on the street in Mexico shooting old polaroids of kids sitting on donkeys painted like zebras. There will always be something novel about it. Not only that but little in this life compares to the beauty of a silver gelatin print. It is why I started photographing. I shoot some digital which is a great tool, but film is still my medium when I shoot for myself. It doesn't feel as disposable or something like that.
The one person (living or deceased) who you would most like to photograph.
I keep asking the Swedes I'm with if they can set me up to shoot Bibi Andersson, they all laugh and think I'm joking.
I would be so honored. I think she was such a brilliant actress.
Your advice to future LC-A+ shooters.
Keep film alive, don't let those futurists sons of bitches shut us down.
written by cruzron on 2008-07-03 in #people #lomoamigos #band #lc-a #lomo-amigos #cold-war-kids #music-amigos #interview


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I've collected 60 attractive posters of Famous Movies. The purpose is only to show Designing Technique and Color Scheme used by designers, so that new Designer may get Inspiration. Must tell me what is your favorite Poster by dropping your comments.
It almost seemed difficult to find some good posters tonight. But Finally! You definitely have quite a collection here. Dr. Parnassus is definitely eye catching. Star Wars Ep. 1, and Alice in wonderland. I think im in an odd mood.
Once i initially said I clicked the -Notify me while new comments are added – checkbox now when a comment is added I receive six e-mails with the similar comment. Will there be any way you could take out me from that services? Thanks!
Your thought is excellent; the problem is one thing that does not sufficient persons tend to be speaking intelligently regarding. I'm very comfortable which i stumbled across this in my seek for one thing concerning this.
Next? How is that on top? I barely bothered to scroll past the obvious and over used color scheme of blue and orange. It's been done to death.
This is a huge list, but most of the posters don't look attractive at all…
Don't mean to be harsh, but this list is very weak. A lot of these choices are just embarrassing.
Off the top of my head, missing most obvious ones: Vertigo, Chinatown, D.W. Griffith's Intolerance, Scarface, Forrest Gump, Jaws, Blade Runner, original Star Wars.
Hello.This post was extremely fascinating, particularly since I was browsing for thoughts on this topic last Tuesday.


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|Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Gharbhain
Girvan shown within South Ayrshire
|6,651 (2011 Census)[1]
|OS grid reference
|Council area
|South Ayrshire
|Lieutenancy area
|Ayrshire and Arran
|Sovereign state
|United Kingdom
|Post town
|Postcode district
|Dialling code
|EU Parliament
|UK Parliament
|Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock
|Scottish Parliament
|Carrick, Cumnock and Doon Valley
Coordinates: 55°14′18″N 4°51′22″W / 55.23822°N 4.85614°W
Girvan (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Gharbhain, "mouth of the River Girvan")[2] is a burgh in Carrick, South Ayrshire, Scotland, with a population of about 6,700. It lies 21 miles (34 km) south of Ayr, and 29 miles (47 km) north of Stranraer, the main ferry port from Scotland to Northern Ireland.
Girvan was originally a fishing port. In 1668 it became a municipal burgh incorporated by charter.[3]
The opening of the railways, initially with the Maybole and Girvan Railway at the end of the 1850s encouraged the development of Girvan as a seaside resort[3] with beaches and cliffs. The town is now served by Girvan railway station.
Just north of the town is a William Grant & Sons distillery which opened in 1963. There is a Nestlé factory that manufactures chocolate that is shipped down to York and used in Kit-Kat and Yorkie bars.[3]
Local facilities and festivals[edit]
The McKechnie Institute was endowed by a local businessman and opened in 1889.[4]
The Girvan Folk Music Festival takes place on the first weekend of May each year. Girvan also has a folk music club.
The Lowland Gathering takes place on the first Sunday of June each year in the Victory Park in the centre of the town.
The annual Festival of Light takes place on the first Saturday in November. Its roots lie in the traditional bonfire night celebrations and the Celtic fire festival it replaced.[5]
Nearby places of interest[edit]
Culzean Castle is about 8 miles (13 km) north of the town, and the volcanic island of Ailsa Craig is visible about 10 miles (16 km) offshore. Turnberry golf course and hotel are located 5 miles (8 km) north of Girvan. The coastline south of Girvan is famous for its geology, and also for Sawney Bean's Cave, where the legendary murderer and cannibal Sawney Bean supposedly lived until his arrest and execution in Edinburgh.
Education and community[edit]
Girvan has its own secondary school, Girvan Academy which the majority of local children attend. Roman Catholic families have the option of Queen Margaret Academy in Ayr. The town also has a harbour.[6]
The town's swimming pool was closed in 2009 by South Ayrshire Council, on the grounds that it had reached the end of its operational life. The building has since been demolished and the foundations have been paved over. A new pool is scheduled to start construction in January 2016, and open to the public in March 2017.[7]
Girvan has a Roman Catholic church, "Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary" built around 1863. The Church is in Harbour Lane, situated between Louisa Drive and Henrietta Street, close to the junction with Ailsa Street West.
Girvan has two Church of Scotland congregations: Girvan North Parish Church in Montgomerie Street (with a spire over 100 feet tall) and Girvan South Parish Church.
The town's Episcopalian congregtion of St John was closed in 2014: they had been using the town's Methodist church building for services after their building became unusable in 2009.[8]
Twin town[edit]
Torcy, Seine-et-Marne, France - in honour of a Scottish knight named Sir Thomas Huston originally from Girvan, who fought the English as part of the Auld Alliance during the Hundred Years War. Rewarding him for his bravery during the capture of Meaux in 1439, the King of France granted him the fiefdom of Torcy.
- ^ "Area Profiles". Scotland's Census 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- ^ Ainmean-Àite na h-Alba
- ^ a b c "Girvan; South Ayrshire". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- ^ "McKechnie Institute". South Ayrshire Council. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- ^ "Local legends fire up for Girvan's Festival of light". S1Girvan.com. 5 November 2010. Retrieved 2011-05-01.
- ^ "Girvan-Online.net". Retrieved 26 October 2013.
- ^ http://www.kirkintilloch-herald.co.uk/news/local-headlines/girvan-pool-your-questions-are-answered-1-3831073
- ^ "St John's final service in Girvan tomorrow". Carrick Gazette. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
External links[edit]
- About Girvan
- Salmon Fishing on the River Girvan
- Girvan Online
- South Ayrshire Council
- Girvan Folk Club
- National Library of Scotland: SCOTTISH SCREEN ARCHIVE (archive films relating to Girvan)


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Book your room at Quality Inn & Suites By the Parks
Standard Room, 2 Double Beds, Non SmokingMax Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)
Standard Room, 1 King Bed, Non SmokingMax Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 2 infants)
Suite, 2 Double Beds, Non SmokingMax Occupancy: 5 guests (up to 4 children, 4 infants)
Get an overview of this hotelFamily-friendly hotel with free breakfast and free area shuttle
This family-friendly Kissimmee hotel is located near the airport, 2.2 mi (3.5 km) from Disney's Animal Kingdom® Theme Park, and within 6 mi (10 km) of Disney's Hollywood Studios® and Disney's Blizzard Beach Water Park. Old Town and Disney's Winter Summerland Miniature Golf Course are also within 6 mi (10 km).
Hotel Features
An outdoor pool, coffee/tea in the lobby, and a business center are available at this hotel. Free buffet breakfast is provided, as well as free WiFi in public areas, free self parking, and a free area shuttle. Other amenities include laundry facilities, a 24-hour front desk, and multilingual staff.
Room Amenities
All 111 rooms provide conveniences like refrigerators and microwaves, plus free WiFi and LCD TVs with cable channels. Premium bedding, coffee makers, and free newspapers are among the other amenities available to guests.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. A business center is on site. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. A theme park shuttle and an area shuttle are complimentary for guests. This family-friendly hotel also offers an outdoor pool, multilingual staff, and coffee/tea in the lobby. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
- 24-hour front desk
- Free area shuttle
- ATM/banking
- Business center
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Elevator/lift
- Free breakfast
- Free RV, bus, truck parking
- Free self parking
- Free WiFi
- Laundry facilities
- Luggage storage
- Multilingual staff
- Number of floors - 3
- Outdoor pool
- Television in lobby
- Free theme park shuttle
- Total number of rooms - 111
Family Friendly Amenities
- Area shuttle (complimentary)
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
- Microwave
- Outdoor pool
- Refrigerator
- Theme park shuttle (complimentary)
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking, Free RV, bus, truck parking
Room Amenities
- Access via exterior corridors
- Air conditioning
- Cable TV service
- Climate control
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free newspaper
- Free toiletries
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Daily housekeeping
- Desk
- Free local calls
- Free WiFi
- Hair dryer
- In-room safe
- Iron/ironing board
- Microwave
- Premium bedding
- Premium TV channels
- Private bathroom
- Refrigerator
- Shower/tub combination
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary buffet breakfast.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible parking
Hotel Policies
Check-in time ends at 1 AM
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Minimum check-in age is 21
Check-out time is 11 AM
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Kids stay free! Up to 10 children under 1 years old stay free when using existing bedding.
- Rollaway/extra beds are available for USD 10 per night.
- Free cribs (infant beds)!
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Minimum Spring Break check-in age is 18 years old.
Optional extras
- Rollaway bed fee: USD 10 per night
We should mention
Up to 10 children 1 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.


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Unable to adjust Stockroom item quanities in Asset Management 7.1
Created: 19 Mar 2013 | 1 comment
Receiving an error when trying to modify quanities after perpetual inventory. Error is referenced in TECH180550.
When trying to save a Stockroom after changing its Order Level, the error "An error occurred saving changes. Deleted row information cannot be accessed through the row." occurs.
The solution,
This issue will be resolved in a future version of Asset Management. Until then, please contact Symantec Technical Support for a point fix to resolve this issue.
Curious if anyone has a workaround in place?
Operating Systems:
Discussion Filed Under:


text:
Baltimore City Police
Sponsored By
Family Of Fallen Officer Wants Jury To Hold Police ResponsibleShot 20 times by fellow officers. Now the family of a Baltimore City police officer asks a jury to hold the police department responsible for his death.
Family Of One Of The Officers Involved In Freddie Gray Arrest Speaks OutSix Baltimore City officers are the subject of the investigation into how Freddie Gray suffered the spinal injury that eventually caused his death.
3 Killed In Weekend Violence, Tactical Alert Teams InitiatedBaltimore City police are on high alert Saturday night following a huge spike in violence.
Baltimore Police Searching For Clues In 15-Year Cold CaseFor 15 years family and police continue to search for answers in the brutal murder of a woman outside in broad daylight.
Police Lock Down City School After Report Of Armed SuspectA Baltimore City elementary and middle school was on lockdown Thursday morning after police got a tip about an armed student in the building.
2 Shot In NW BaltimoreBaltimore police are investigating a double shooting reported on North Eutaw Street.
Police Say Incident Was 'Unfounded' In Search For Missing 5-Year-OldPolice rolled out a heavy response on Thursday afternoon after a 5-year-old was reportedly kidnapped during a car theft.
Baltimore City Police Rescue Dog On I-83Baltimore City Police say a 911 caller helped save the life of a lost dog.
Under Armour Could Provide Baltimore City Police UniformsDozens of Baltimore City police officers could soon be outfitted with some new gear, thanks to Under Armour---but the city says, not so fast.
Freshman Found Dead At Johns Hopkins Univ.Baltimore City Police say they are investigating after a freshman was found dead at Johns Hopkins University on Monday.
Police Identify Officer Who Fatally Shot Knife-Wielding Man Baltimore police have identified the officer who fatally shot a knife-wielding man who had been threatening to kill members of his family.
Details Released On Thursday's Police-Involved Shooting In BaltimoreOne man shot, another tased after a police pursuit in Northwest Baltimore. Investigators say both men confronted officers as they attempted to get away.


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Hi, 19. Site walker/validator: need to add a "registered user" feature first, because this feature could be abused (many requests on a server in a short period of time)? Is there any scheduled date this feature will be added to the validator? -- Martin Tsachev http://martin.f2o.orgReceived on Sunday, 1 September 2002 04:56:53 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Wednesday, 7 January 2015 15:30:36 UTC


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National Distance Learning Week
National Distance Learning Week
UWG Online is celebrating National Distance Learning Week, November 10-14, 2014.
Sponsored by the United States Distance Learning Association (USDLA), National Distance Learning Week helps increase awareness and appreciation for distance learning and how it helps people reach their educational goals. Because of online education opportunities at UWG, people studying from 31 states and 3 countries have earned their University of West Georgia education—often while balancing full-time commitments with work, family and community.
UWG Online will be offering the following activities in recognition of 2014 National Distance Learning Week.
Daily Social Media Activities
Connect with us on Facebook or Twitter to participate in daily social media activities for a chance to win promotional items! You can submit some entries to us via email (firstname.lastname@example.com), or watch for the daily social media posts November 10th-14th to submit your contest entries then. Selected entries will be widely promoted via UWG Online social media. Participants will receive an UWG|Online promotional item of their choice. Submissions accepted through 5pm ET on November 14th.
Monday, Nov. 10: Tell Us Your Story
What do you like most about online learning? How has distance learning at UWG affected the way you are reaching your goals? Post a comment on our UWG Online Facebook page or Twitter - share photos, videos, whatever you'd like.
Tuesday, Nov. 11: Veterans Day Photo Contest
Share a photo in honor of a veteran or other U.S. Armed Services personnel (since Nov 11th is also Veterans Day!) - include title and rank, branch of military served in and whether you served during a war, including the specific conflict (if you have this info available).
Wednesday, Nov. 12: Share Your Favorite Online Success Story
Tell us about your favorite online course, instructor, student success story, project, research, or anything you'd like to brag about in relation to online education! Share your story on our UWG Online Facebook page or Twitter - share photos, videos, whatever you'd like.
Thursday, Nov. 13: UWG Gear Photo Contest
Submit a photo of yourself or your family decked out in your favorite UWG gear, on our UWG Online Facebook page or Twitter - share photos, videos, whatever you'd like. Participants will receive an UWG|Online promotional item of their choice.
Friday, Nov. 14: Traveling Wolfie Photo Contest
Share a photo of yourself with Wolfie (you can just hold up a photo) that showcases your city, home or anywhere you like to study, on our UWG Online Facebook page or Twitter - share photos, videos, whatever you'd like.
Super Skills Series for FACULTY and STAFF
Wednesday, November 12 Presentation104 Best Practices in D2L • 9:00 a.m. -10:00 a.m. • Nursing #115 (bring your mobile device)Dr. Tobin will present best practices in Desire2Learn such as ways to increase student engagement, instructor presence, interactivity, academic integrity, and even how to integrate game-based learning, plus much more.Wednesday, November 12 WorkshopsThree Paths to Academic Integrity • 10:30 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. • Nursing #121The primary approach to academic integrity on many campuses is "catching cheaters." From this presentation, you'll get three specific strategies that your institution and faculty members can implement within the next ten days to help increase campus-wide academic honesty (and, yes, still catch those cheaters). "Your academic-integrity workshop stimulated conversation and action on our campus. It was definitely worth the money!" —Verena Van Fleet, Director, Office of Educational Technology, Northwestern Health Sciences UniversityDoing Well by Doing Good • 2:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m. • Nursing #121 (assessing online courses)How are online courses designed and taught differently than face-to-face courses? I'll show you how student ratings, peer observations, & administrative evaluations can align to the online medium, and I'll share five use-them-now practices from my book Evaluating Online Teaching (Jossey-Bass, 2015). "Super job. Thanks for making something arduous so entertaining." "Excellent job of presenting complex information in an easy-to-understand manner. Nobody really put all of this together for me like you did."Leadership Forum • 4:15 p.m. - 5:15 p.m. • Nursing #121In this session, you will have a chance to ask questions about how other institutions similar to UWG have implemented their own online programs, increased student retention, and instituted various best practices. Bring your questions about teaching evaluation, program design, accessibility and more.Thursday, November 13 WorkshopUniversal Design for Learning is a Secret Retention Tool • 9:00 a.m. - 11:00 a.m. • Nursing #112UDL strategies are typically discussed as ways to accommodate learners with disabilities, but they make courses more engaging and flexible for everyone. This workshop, presentation, or keynote helps to increase student retention by using Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in higher-education course design. "Dr. Tom Tobin presented an interesting and thought-provoking presentation that not only educated the audience, but began discussions on our campus about utilizing Universal Design for Learning."Attend all three workshops and be eligible to win prizes at the end of the last workshop from Dr. Tobin.
Online Google Hangout Events
UWG|Online Training: Getting to Know CourseDen
When: November 10, 2014Time: 2:00 PMLocation: FDC/Old Auditorium or Google Hangouts
Get familiar with Brightspace by D2L 10.2, our learning environment! During this 90-minute training session, participants will be introduced to our LE, the Course Builder Tool, and the many ways to enhance and engage your students using CourseDen.
Sessions are available live on Google Hangouts On Air. Participation in the Google Hangout On Air is limited to the first 15 participants that login. You can also watch live on YouTube. To register: http://goo.gl/ytHtrr
UWG|Online Training: Gradebook
When: November 14, 2014
Time: 2:00 PM
Location: FDC/Old Auditorium of Google Hangouts
- Identify the differences between Weighted and Point Grading Schema
- Reflect on the existing grading schema in your syllabus
- Configure the Gradebook using the Wizard
- Create Categories and Grade Items
- Learn to associate course items with grade items
- Learn how to show accurate cumulative grades to students throughout the semester
Sessions are available live on Google Hangouts On Air. Participation in the Google Hangout On Air is limited to the first 15 participants that login. You can also watch live on YouTube. Need help joining, call the FDC at x95289. To register: http://goo.gl/ytHtrr
Students:If you can't get your hands on a picture of Wolfie, UWG|Online will be in the library (next to Starbucks) from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. We will have a picture of Wolfie and promotional items to give away.
Online Webinars
The USDLA will also be sponsoring online webinars (coming soon!) and they have archived ones posted here: http://www.usdla.org/v/vspfiles/satellite_sites/2014_NDLW/learners.html
View UWG|Online's archived iApollo (faculty) webinars (http://tinyurl.com/uwgonline) and sessions applicable to both students and faculty: http://www.youtube.com/uwgonline.
Thank you for helping us celebrate and for supporting distance learning at UWG!


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|Quick links:
Latest Team Rankings
Free Rivals Alerts
Member Services
|ShopMobileRadio RSSRivals.com Yahoo! Sports
|College Teams
|High Schools
Ralph Webb #26
The Latest: Seymour dismissed — 11/19/2014
Vanderbilt running back Jerron Seymour has officially been dismissed by the Commodore football team, VandySports.com has learned. Publisher Chris Lee first learned of Seymour's dismissal earlier on Tuesday and the news was later confirmed by VU sources on Wednesday. [details]


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King James Pure Bible Search3.0.0
editor's review
2 comments
King James Pure Bible Search is a software application that provides users with a simple means of analyzing and searching the Holy Book, as well as look up words in the built-in dictionary.
Quick setup and structured interface
The installation process does not take very longs, as it does not offer to download any third-party products, while the interface you come by presents a well-organized build. It consists of a menu bar, multiple buttons, a few drop-down menus and some panes in which to display search parameters, results and a selected chapter of the Bible.
Browse the Bible with ease and start searching
First and foremost, you should know it is possible to browse the entire Holy Book by simply selecting chapters and books that interest you and scrolling through it. You can search for a specific passage by inputting a keyword, while it is also possible to filter your results by enabling the case or accent sensitive option, excluding or disabling certain outcomes, or taking advantage of the built-in list of common phrases.
Look up words in the dictionary and add notes
Clicking on a word from the scripture browser is going to bring up the explanations in the integrated dictionary, while you can also highlight particular sentences or words, so as to find them easier at a later date. It is possible to add notes to a specified location, as well as open multiple search windows, so as to multi-task with ease.
To sum up, King James Pure Bible Search is a pretty efficient piece of software when it comes to analyzing the King James Version of the Bible. All jobs are completed in due time, the interface is user-friendly, Help contents are incorporated, and the amount of resources required is insignificant. There are sufficient options to keep you glued to your computer for quite a while, and our tests did not reveal any errors or bugs.
top FREE alternatives
top PAID alternatives


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Wallpaper: Derek Fisher – Forever a Laker from Laker Fanatics
Courtesy of @LakerFanatics
Courtesy of @LakerFanatics
Gary Lee - Long time Lakers fan who likes food, tech stuff and anything entrepreneury.
Contact Us | Privacy Policy | © 2015 Medium Large, LLC. All Rights Reserved
Medium Large, LLC - All data and information provided on this website is for informational purposes only. The views and opinions expressed on this website are those of the authors and do not reflect the views or opinions of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Los Angeles Lakers, it's employees, or its' affiliates. LakersNation.com is an independent fan site and not associated with or represent National Basketball Association or the Los Angeles Lakers. Furthermore, LakersNation.com makes no representations as to accuracy, suitability, or validity of any information on this website and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses, injuries, or damages arising from its display or use. All information is provided on an as-is basis.


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Blue Cheese Stuffed Potatoes
4 ounces lrg baking potatoes (about 8 each
1/2 cup dairy sour cream ( can use low fat)
1/4 cup blue cheese crumbled
1 tablespoon fresh chives or thinly sliced green onion
1 tablespoon fresh parsley snipped
1/8 teaspoon pepper
milk (optional)
Wash and scrub potatoes thoroughly with a brush; pat dry. Prick potatoes with a fork. Bake in a 350 degree oven for 70 to 80 min or until tender. Cut a lengthwise slice from the top of each potato. Discard skin from slice and place pulp in a bowl. Scoop pulp out of each potato, leaving a 1/4 inch thick shell. Add pulp to the bowl.
Mash the potato pulp with a potato masher or an electric mixer on low speed. Add the sour cream, blue cheese, chives or green onion, parsley, garlic salt and pepper. Stir or beat until smooth. (If necessary, stir in 1 to 2 tablespoons milk to make mixture of desired consistency.) If desired, season to taste with additional garlic salt and pepper. Spoon the potato mixture into the potato shells. Place in a 2-quart rectangular or square baking dish.*
Makes 4 servings.
NOTES : 8/8/98 These are excellent!! If you like blue cheese, you are sure to love these!
4.0 servings
Saturday, December 19, 2009 - 2:48am


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Weve shown that the MYC pathway is among the transcriptional programs that require USP22, Dr. McMahon says. Identifying USP22 as a global transcription regulator helps explain why it is part of this aggressive stem cell signature.
Dr. McMahon and his group determined how USP22 works at the biochemical level and found that it is part of a large complex of proteins called human SAGA. According to Dr. McMahon, these proteins are responsible for turning on genes, helping them get expressed more efficiently. This suggests that the genes that are turned on by the USP22 complex are important for altering cancerous cells in such ways that they become more aggressive and metastatic.
Discovering the identity of the 11-gene signature that predicts aggressive, therapy- resistant tumors a few years ago was certainly a critical advance in terms of the ability to diagnose and stratify patients, Dr. McMahon says. Since USP22 is an enzyme, the type of protein that is easiest to target with drugs, our new findings may help extend these earlier discoveries to the point where therapeutics can be developed. There are already drugs being used in cancer patients that attack other enzymes in this pathway, and there are companies interested in extending this to find USP22 inhibitors.
|Contact: Steve Benowitz
Thomas Jefferson University


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Leader Reflection and Planning
Reflecting on the time with your group, how do you feel the participants integrated the sixth Principle? Did they understand that they have choices leading to a peaceful, fair, and free world?
Look ahead to the next session we will explore the Unitarian Universalist seventh Principle, "We believe in caring for our planet Earth and every living thing that shares it with us." Explore your feelings about the seventh Principle between now and the next session.
Share, Print, or Explore
For more information contact firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Latest Headlines
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The No. 24 Arkansas baseball team (21-13) raced out to an early lead Wednesday ...
Due to the threat of inclement weather, Arkansas baseball's series opener with ...
LITTLE ROCK, Ark. (KTHV) - A nation-wide crack down on synthetic drugs landed five Arkansans behind bars.
The bust, called "Operation Spicy Possum," left the following men facing drug charges with intent to distribute: Amjad Kattom, 36; Sahar Kattom, 34; Yousef Qattoum, 37; Abdul Aziz Farishta, 50; and Adam Kattoum, 20. Each is facing conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to distribute a controlled substance and analogues of a controlled substance. Eassa Rawashdeh, 23, had also been implicated in the crime but has not been arrested.
Authorities said the men sold the drugs in several central Arkansas businesses including Sunshine Food, Sunshine Mart, Woodrow Discount Store, Joseph's Discount Store, Smokey's Discount tobacco, and Hip hop Sportwear from July 2012 to June 2013.
They could face up to 20 years in prison and/or a $1 million fine with no less than three years of supervised release.
Authorities said the arrests are part of a much larger operation in 35 states, called Project Synergy.