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Current Ithaca College community members may contribute stories and comments as well as view additional topics by logging in.
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Holiday Season Fire Safety
Contributed by Kristine Marshall on 11/30/2006
Holiday Season Fire Safety Policy
Read more . . . (793 words)
Intergenerational Choir Concert
Contributed by Christine Pogorzala on 11/30/2006
The Ithaca College/Longview Intergenerational Choir will give a concert at the Hockett Family Recital Hall on Tuesday, December 5th at 7:00 p.m.
Read more . . . (67 words)
Contributed by Robert Holt on 11/30/2006
Read more . . . (196 words)
Anthropologist Joel Savishinsky publishes in Anthropology and Aging Quarterly
Contributed by David Turkon on 11/30/2006
Anthropologist Joel Savishinsky's article, "First Impressions and Last Words: Condensing Elderly Lives into Three Line Haiku," was published int the November issue of Anthropology and Aging Quarterly.
Read more . . . (84 words)
2nd Annual Employee Appreciation Program: Thank You for Making a Difference
Contributed by Jane Ray on 11/30/2006
November is coming to a close so please be sure to send a thank you card to a colleague and redeem any coupons you may have received at the Employee Appreciation Reward Center located in the Office of Human Resources in Boardman Place. The Reward Center will be open until Friday, December 8th.
Read more . . . (236 words)
Dessert and Dancing!!!
Contributed by Katherine Cooper on 11/30/2006
The Dominican Republic Education and Outreach Group is hosting and event and you are invited!
Read more . . . (101 words)
Early Arrival Registraton for Spring Semester
Contributed by Jenny Pickett on 11/29/2006
I have listed below the guidelines our office uses when processing early arrival requests. Please review them as you begin to plan for spring opening.
Read more . . . (260 words)
Sustainable Health and Wellness Fair on Saturday, December 9th
Contributed by Marian Brown on 11/29/2006
The Sustainable Health and Wellness Fair will be held on Saturday, December 9th from 10:00a.m - noon in the Hill Center Gym.
Read more . . . (316 words)
Adoption Support Group Meeting
Contributed by Doreen Hettich-Atkins on 11/29/2006
The Ithaca College Adoption Support Group will meet on Tuesday, December 5 at 12:10 in the Campus Center Conference Room.
Read more . . . (80 words)
Personal Training Gift Certificates Would Make Great Gifts!
Contributed by Sarah Hawkins on 11/29/2006
Its that time of the year again!
Read more . . . (262 words)
Ithaca College Dining Celebrates a New Year and a New You!
Contributed by Julie Whitten on 11/29/2006
Ithaca College Dining Services is treating its resident dining customers to great food and fun activities all while hosting an awesome New Years Eve style party.
Read more . . . (255 words)
Dinner and Theatre: A Winning Combination!
Contributed by Julie Whitten on 11/29/2006
Join us on Saturday, December 2nd, for a night of dinner and dazzling performances right on the Ithaca College campus.
Read more . . . (131 words)
"On a Narrow Bridge - Journey of a Gay Jewish Writer" Author Lev Raphael November 30
Contributed by Luca Maurer on 11/29/2006
Prize-winning author Lev Raphael will speak about the intersection of his gay and Jewish identities in his life and career, at 4 pm on Thursday November 30 in the Klingenstein Lounge, Campus Center.
Read more . . . (56 words)
Mike Bovi, Director of College Stores Retiring
Contributed by Carl Sgrecci on 11/28/2006
Mike Bovi, Director of College Stores, has announced his plans to retire from the College as of February 28, 2007.
Read more . . . (98 words)
Demolition of the Green Street Garage Bridge and Helix
Contributed by Robert Holt on 11/28/2006
Demolition of the Green Street Garage bridge and helix that is scheduled for this weekend (7:00 pm, Friday night to 7:00 am, Monday morning).
Read more . . . (326 words)
Students: Get Published in IC's New National Magazine and Get Paid!
Contributed by Bonny Griffith on 11/28/2006
Writers -- Editors -- Photographers -- Videographers -- Bloggers
Read more . . . (145 words)
Resource and Environmental Management Program: Office Hours
Contributed by Mark Darling on 11/28/2006
Do you have a question about recycling? Want to know how to compost on campus? Are you an RA looking for ideas for bulletin boards and floor programs? Pay a visit to your REMP Representative!
Read more . . . (187 words)
Michael Twomey delivers two lectures in Germany
Contributed by Michael Twomey on 11/28/2006
Michael Twomey, English, delivered two invited lectures in Germany during the week of November 12th through 18th.
Read more . . . (122 words)
Anthropologist Turkon presents paper at AAA
Contributed by Michael A. Malpass on 11/28/2006
David Turkon (anthropology) presented a paper, "Some Aspects of the Political Ecology of HIV/AIDS in Lesotho: Problems with Defining Community in Health Interventions," at the 105th annual meetings of the American Anthropological Association (AAA)
Read more . . . (29 words)
Class of 2008 Leadership Opportunities
Contributed by Lynne Pierce on 11/28/2006
Are interested in a great leadership opportunity for your senior year? Do you hold a leadership position on campus now?
Read more . . . (262 words)
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text: Paper Angel Wings by Cocoa Dodo £45$97.51€66.59$74.03 Made to order This item is not available for delivery to United States. quantity by Cocoa Dodo Location: Berkshire, GB read seller's profile see seller's complete range more items from this seller Paper Skull and Crossbones £45$97.51€66.59$74.03 Anchor Key Ring £6$13€8.87$9.87 Anchor Necklace £7.50$16.25€11.09$12.33 Handmade Pewter Pirate Coins £4.25$9.20€6.28$6.99 'Mom' Key Ring £8$17.33€11.83$13.16 Flying Duck Brooch £15$32.50€22.19$24.67 view all you may also like PRODUCT DETAILS CUSTOMER REVIEWS DELIVERY RETURNS Made in Britain ask seller a question save for later These beautiful hand crafted angel wings have been cast in paper giving them a wonderfully soft and delicate feel They are 3 dimensional, come in a box frame and are the perfect way to adorn any little cherub's bedroom Frame size 25 x 25cm product code: 70489 2 customer reviews Fri 31 Jul 2015 Love these wings in relief. They look very expensive and cool. Highly recommended. Fri 10 Aug 2012 Ok. Rather a long delivery time and quite over priced as the frame look rather ikea. read about our product rating system ratings guide trusted independent customer feedbackforum excellent bad good poor This product is dispatched to you by Cocoa Dodo. MAINLAND UK order now and receive this item by price Free Delivery Tuesday 27 October FREEFREEFREEFREE NON-MAINLAND UK estimated delivery price Highlands & Islands of Scotland 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £2.75$5.95€4.06$4.52 Northern Ireland 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £2.75$5.95€4.06$4.52 Other UK Islands 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £2.75$5.95€4.06$4.52 INTERNATIONAL DELIVERY estimated delivery price Not currently available for this region You have 28 days, from receipt of cancellable goods, to notify the seller if you wish to cancel your order or exchange an item. Please note: goods that are personalised, bespoke or made-to-order to your specific requirements, perishable products and personal items sold with a hygiene seal (cosmetics, underwear) in instances where the seal is broken are non-refundable, unless faulty. Read more about our returns policy.Should you choose to return or exchange your order you will need to deliver the item(s) to the UK, where this seller is based. Cocoa Dodo's return policy

subset: commoncrawl


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Introducing the 1MORE Piston: a pair of in-ear monitors we can't fault
1MORE, the company behind the highly-regarded Xiaomi Piston 3.0 headphones, has sent us their own variation of the in-ear monitors. Check out our full review of the product!
1MORE, the company behind the highly-regarded Xiaomi Piston 3.0 headphones, has sent us their own variation of the in-ear monitors. Check out our full review of the product!
Yota produced a truly innovative product with the YotaPhone, and Chinese manufacturer Oukitel is looking to get in on the action. The Oukitel U6, coming in August, also features two displays.
Smartphone manufacturer Oukitel is getting prepared to release a smartphone with a giant 10,000 mAh battery, and we have managed to get our hands on some exclusive photos of the device.
The Ulefone Be Touch has taken a bit of inspiration from the iPhone 6, but it still manages to maintain its distinctiveness and scores higher than the OnePlus One in benchmarks. Check out our review!
Tronsmart's latest car charger is not only Qualcomm Quick Charge 2.0-compatible but it also delivers a maximum output of 54W across four ports making it the world's most powerful to date.
2.5D screens? Ten-core MT6797 SoCs? Dual-batteries? The next year of Chinese smartphones will be really interesting, and this article will prime you on the next 12 months of Chinese handset tech.
Battery life is one of the biggest complaints of smartphone users, but that might soon change if the Doogee starts a trend with the giant 6000 mAh battery in the Doogee S6000 smartphone.
You may not have heard of the Oukitel U9, but it's certainly worth looking out for, because not only does it have some extremely reasonable specs but it actually looks pretty good too.
The Elephone P7000 Pioneer has made a lot of waves and we've managed to get our hands on one for a review. But while you wait on that, check out our unboxing and first impressions!
A few days ago it was rumored that MediaTek might be entering the Google Chromebook scene, and now a 10 minute video has been released of a Chromebook running on a MediaTek MT8173 SoC.
Yahoo! Pipes was a revolutionary product when it was launched some years ago, but unfortunately the service is coming to an end with the announcement of it being shut down in the next few weeks.
Xiaomi isn't a name you instantly associate with wearables, but they're currently trailing behind Fitbit as the world's second largest wearables vendor, beating out Samsung and Garmin.
Hound made headlines when the internal demo was made public a couple of days ago, but is it as fast and flexible as they demoed in the video? We go hands on and check it out for ourselves.
The Elephone P6000 costs just $115 but has better specs than you'd ever expect. We used the the smartphone for a month and found that it performs surprisingly well. Check out our full review here!
We recently reviewed the Mi Band and found that lacking Google Fit integration was a bit of a let down, but that's all changed today with the official app updated to support the Google Fit service.


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Send Hal a message explaining your needs and you will receive a response by email. Have you already emailed Hal or another tutor? If so, you have an account! Sign in now
If you select this option, WyzAnt will ask interested tutors to contact you by email if they are able to help. A maximum of five different tutors will email you and none of your personal information, including your email address, will be released.
1 class away from BA
I truly care about your student first as a person and that allows me to assist him or her in their academic success in school. This is true if your student is struggling in a problem area or if they are focusing on college. Together your student and I will set goals and reach them and your student will gain new confidence in how they study and then overcome their academic challenges and reach their dreams. Family happiness is my goal for everybody.
I am a recent graduate of George Mason University. I studied English and Education. I have taken several grammar, literature, education, and research classes. I am up to date on the latest in public education. You want me with your student because I am willing to spend the extra time with your child. I love children and that is the reason to teach. Furthermore, I have classroom experience and grown children of my own who are succeeding in college. I have classroom experience with children from age 0 to 17 and I welcome all of them.
I will love to to help your child grow Your child will enjoy it more.
Hal I truly care about your student first as a person and that allows me to assist him or her in their academic success in school. This is true if your student is struggling in a problem area or if they are focusing on college. Together your student and I will set goals and reach them and your student will gain new confidence in how they study and
Approved subjects are in bold.
In most cases, tutors gain approval in a subject by passing a proficiency exam. For some subject areas, like music and art, tutors submit written requests to demonstrate their proficiency to potential students. If a tutor is interested but not yet approved in a subject, the subject will appear in non-bold font. Tutors need to be approved in a subject prior to beginning lessons.
I will make the humble beginnings of this country come to life from Colonial Williamsburg up to the Space and Information age of today.
My specialties in English lie in creative composition with an emphasis in grammar.
I have read classic American Literature from Poe to Irving to contemporary authors. I have read a lot of Shakespeare as well as other English writers.
Some of my English classes were film classes so that I make it fun to learn the classics with film. I have excellent analytical skills.
Relating to the students is a natural for me in English and any subject.
I have studied grammar for 3 semesters at George Mason. Two semesters of basic grammar and 1 semester of Linguistics. I am excellent at word and sentence structure. I write well for content and putting paragraphs into papers. I can of course do this for all ages. I can easily spot the common mistakes of punctuation and correct them while your student is still young.
Together, we will get things write and right!
You will understand the classics, read between the lines of the greatest authors, and love every minute of it as well. Mark Twain, Charles Dickens, Edgar Allan Poe, Shakespeare, Hemingway, Shakespeare, Fitzgerald and a few of the modern ones as well!
Hal G. has not yet had a background check. After sending a message to Hal, you will be able to order a background check for $7.99. The check will be processed by First Advantage. For more information, please review the background check information page.
As part of your tutor selection process, we encourage you to run updated background checks. Please also review the safety tips for hiring tutors.


text:
- Application Process
- Meet Your Counselor
- International Applicants
- Transfer Applicants
- Ask Our Alumni
- Portfolio & Audition Requirements
- Information, Brochures & Resources
Portfolio & Audition Requirements
College of Art, Media & Design Portfolio Requirements
College of Performing Arts Audition/Interview Requirements
Division of Liberal Arts Requirements
University-Wide Programs Portfolio Requirements
The University of the Arts seeks students who demonstrate talent and potential in their chosen creative discipline. Therefore, all programs require a portfolio, writing sample, audition and/or interview as part of the application for admission. These evaluations are used to determine acceptance into a program of study, as well as eligibility for merit-based scholarships.
Please use the links above to learn more about portfolio, audition and interview requirements for our programs. If you have questions about any of these requirements, please contact the Office of Admission at 215-717-6049 or 1-800-616-2787 ext. 6049 or firstname.lastname@example.com, and an Admissions Counselor will be happy to assist you.
College of Art, Media & Design
Portfolio Review Days:
**First-time freshmen applicants should call 1.800.616.2787 ext. 6049 to schedule a portfolio review. Transfer students will be contacted by the Office of Admissions to arrange a portfolio review once all college transcripts have been received and evaluated. An official review will only be conducted for students who have submitted an application**
Monday-Friday, 10 am-3 pm
Saturday Portfolio Review Days
November 14, 2015
December 5, 2015
January 30, 2016
February 20, 2016
February 27, 2016
March 19, 2016
April 2, 2016
The University of the Arts participates in National Portfolio Day events around the country, to give students an opportunity to show their in-progress portfolios in an informal setting for feedback and guidance.
College of Performing Arts
Audition/Interview Days:
**Students are required to select an audition/interview date when completing the online application. Please submit your application at least two weeks before your selected date**
November 14, 2015
December 5, 2015
January 30, 2016
February 20, 2016
February 27, 2016
March 19, 2016
April 2, 2016
Ira Brind School of Theater Arts, Off-Campus
November 20, 2015 - Dallas, Texas (Moonifieds)
January 23-24, 2016 - New York, New York (Unifieds)
February 8-10, 2016 - Chicago, Illinois (Unifieds)
February 13-14, 2016 - Los Angeles, California (Unifieds)
School of Music, Off-Campus
February 14, 2016 - Los Angeles, California
School of Dance, Off-Campus
February 6, 2016 - Atlanta, Georgia
February 7, 2016 - Miami, Florida
February 13, 2016 - Los Angeles, California
February 27, 2016 - Dallas, Texas
March 3-6, 2016 - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (National High School Dance Festival)


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To view item in an alternate color, click on a swatch above.
Item #: 0501-04684-1007
This long hooded imitation fur plus size coat is perfect for cold winter nights!
plus size coats, fake fur, plus size outerwear – long faux fur coat, sizes M (14W-16W), L (18W-20W), 1X (22W-24W), 2X (26W-28W), 3X (30W-32W), 4X (34W-36W)
In Style Now!
Imitation fur is a timeless and elegant touch to add to any plus size coat. You'll stay warm and sophisticated this season in this long faux fur coat.
(based on 361 reviews)
of respondents would recommend this to a friend.
Ratings Distribution
5 Stars
4 Stars
3 Stars
2 Stars
1 Stars
Best Uses
Feels too small
Feels true to size
74% (254 reviews)
(254 reviews)
Feels too large
Feels too short
Feels true to length
91% (298 reviews)
(298 reviews)
Feels too long
82% (270 reviews)
(270 reviews)
Reviewed by 361 customers
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Displaying reviews 1-10
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long fur coat
By oesmom
from Wisconsin
About Me Casual Dresser
Comments about Roamans Women's Plus Size Roaman's Long Imitation Fur Coat:
this coat is a great addition to my wardrobe but it came with a smell....not bad...sort of cedary....but I could not wear it ....so it has been airing out.....
Bottom Line Yes, I would recommend this to a friend
Was this review helpful? Yes / No
- You may also flag this review
Long Faux Fur Coat
By Ansel
from Kansas
If you are trying to look slim - this is not the coat for you - if you don't care and just want the soft fur and the feel of luxury then this coat is the right choice. It is warm, blocks the wind and the button at the top is easy to work with one hand. I love the color and it is very very soft fur.
By Dee
from Central United States
We have cold, snowy, windy, winters here in Oklahoma and this coat is perfect for those days when a comfortable warm coat is needed. I especially love the length, as the cold wind sometimes feels as if it gets right into my bones. The hood is also nice to pull up around my head and shield me from the cold. I searched a long time for a nice coat to dress up or down that would still keep me warm. This is definitely the one. The color is beautiful and looks much more expensive than what I paid for it. I hesitated for a while to buy this and regret that I didn't buy it the first time I saw it. I could not be more pleased.
Beautiful & so Warm!!
By ViVIAN THE BBSBW
from O'Fallon, IL
About Me Classic Dresser
Firstly, I have no complaints about this coat. I have always wanted a white or cream fur coat, this is it! Perfect for my life style.I wear this coat anywhere I'm going when it's cold enough for fur: church, on a night out, even with more casual clothing it always looks classy and chic, which is always my aim when I leave my home, to go anywhere, dressy or semi-casual I feel very well dressed and always toasty warm. I love this coat!
(1 of 1 customers found this review helpful)
Very Warm!!
By Debbie
from Champaign, IL
This coat is WARM! I bought it just before Christmas for these sub-zero Illinois winter days, and I'm so glad I did! I'm 5'3" and it reaches almost to my ankles. When you roll back the cuffs on the sleeves, it makes them a bit more snug, so the cold wind doesn't blow up your arms. The hook-and-eye closures were fairly useless, but since I sew, I removed them and replaced them with "frog" closures (the toggle-and-loop things) which work much better. I haven't had to wash it yet so cannot comment on that, but one of the reasons I bought it is because I can machine wash it. Bottom line: it is very warm. I've worn it when the wind-chill factor is minus 30 degrees, and I barely noticed.
I would buy this coat again.
By Lynn
from GA
I purchased the coat due to a winter storm and a special occasion and it was the perfect purchase. I did not go wrong with this purchase!
Warning-DO NOT TUMBLE DRY LOW!
By Mokey
from Fords, NJ
This coat is so nice & warm, but the hook closures aren't that great & I've had to sew them, so they aren't so loose. There should've been buttons instead of hooks!Also, I washed & machine dried my coat, as per the instructions on the tag...well, now my coat resembles faux black sheep fleece than faux black fur! whatever you do, do not even tumble dry low (like the tag says), put it on air or hang it to dry!
Very Nice
By Bnet
from Virginia
Very nice for any occasion. In the winter.
Beautiful Coat!
By Lin Reviews
from Greensboro, FL
This was a gift to myself:) One of my favorite movies at Christmas was Christmas in Connecticutt, with Barbara Stanwyck, and it opens with her gifting herself a real mink. While I can't do that I CAN do this, and I know it feels just as good! I can't wait until the first chance I get to wear it.
Great Coat
By Totally Satisfied
from Fort Worth, TX
This coat is exactly what I was looking for. I was looking for something that I could really wrap around me and this coat does that. I also wanted a hood and long length, which it has. It is very stylish and I have received several compliments. Love it.
Our goal is your complete satisfaction! If we have not delighted you, all unworn, unwashed or defective merchandise may be returned within 90 days. We are happy to send you a new size, color or style or issue a refund for the purchase price (excluding shipping and handling charges). For returns made after 90 days we will issue a gift card equal to the purchase price (less shipping and handling charges) that can be used toward a future purchase.


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Yeah, our rocks are buried under a couple hundred feet of topsoil and our "mountains" are only a few hundred feet high, but we still have some fun, unique trails. For a first effort I think the video turned out pretty well (except for the case that obviously needs trimmed). I hope you enjoy it.
Iowa MTB Video - 36 MB, 9 minutes
Sorry - trail location must remain undisclosed...
Results 1 to 25 of 36
Thread: Iowa MTB ~VIDEO~
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Gifts by Price
Gifts by Recipient
Gifts by Occasion
Featured Gifts
Daily Sales Up to 70% OFF Limited-time deals start every day at 12 pm ET.
Free Inside Delivery
Product Information:
The Brighton Series Typical #2 consists of a bowfront desk, two suspended pedestals, a credenza shell, and a curved bridge.
Product Details
Special Offer:
12 Issues of Money Magazine
Included with purchase ($20 value).
We're sorry, we have no weights and dimensions for this product.
|Desk Type: Executive desk
|Top Material: Laminate
|Base Material: Laminate
|Application: Professional office
|Design: U-Shape desk
|Bow Front: Yes
|Drawers Included: No
|Drawer Pedestal Included: Yes
|Cabinets Included: No
|Chair Included: No
|Casters Included: No
|Hutch Included: No
|Treadmill Included: No
|Country of Manufacture: China
|Solid Wood Construction: No
About the ManufacturerEstablished in 1939 as the Engineering Supply Company, Mayline has come a long way from its expertise in drafting tables, blueprint files and straightedges. The war years capitalized on their high quality and precision manufacturing for providing highly accurate navigational and mapping accessories for all branches of the military.
Though still a market leader in manual drawing (they invented the straightedge) and large format filing, Mayline has moved to the forefront of office ergonomics. The Mayline Group now includes Tiffany Industries, Kwik File and Mayline products.
More About This Product
Free Inside Delivery
Ships to:
Ships via: Inside Entryway with Upgrade Option
Enter your shipping zip or postal code to calculate shipping estimatesGet Delivery Estimate
We want you to love it. If you don't, you may return your purchase within 30 days of delivery. All you need to do is visit our Self-Service Return Center for instructions. Return credits are issued within 24 hours once the item is received and inspected. Please note that shipping charges are non-refundable. The cost of return shipping will be deducted from your refund. 30-Day Return Policy
Tell Us What You Think!
Tell us what you think about this product. It will help us provide you with better products in the future and help your fellow shoppers make better purchases.Write the first review


text:
About World Health Care Congress Leadership Summits:
The World Health Care Congress Leadership Summit Series addresses the most cutting edge issues for health care executives across a wide range of industry sectors. Designed to expand on topics discussed at invitation-only summits during the World Health Care Congress, this series offers new perspectives on established methodologies, and details solutions to foster innovation and change. For more information, please visit www.worldcongress.com.
For additional information:
Gordon G. Andrew
Senior Vice President
Connextions, Inc.
(407) 563-4440
Cell: (609) 987-0200
Read the full story at http://www.prweb.com/releases/2009/03/prweb2198164.htm.
|Source: PRWeb
Copyright©2009 Vocus, Inc.
All rights reserved


text:
hotels near headquarters
Download OptionsReleased: August 17, 2012
Hotel accommodations near the FCCThe Federal Communications Commission does not make lodging recommendations.
This list was developed to let visitors know about hotel options close to the
FCC. Wording for the following descriptions is taken from the internet
Address cited in the entry and is not to be construed as an endorsement by the
Commission. Any mention of facilities/services for visitors with disabilities
can be found in italics at the end of the entry. Many other lodging options
Can be found by using Web search engines, tour guides, or telephone books.
Courtyard Marriott Convention Center
Washington DC 20004
In 1999 a 25 million dollar renovation turned this historic landmark bank into
Washington, DC's best located hotel. Surrounded by restaurants and famous landmarks
this unique hotel will ensure that you have a productive trip to Washington, DC. Located
just yards away from DC's convenient Metro station, Ford's Theater, Smithsonian
Museums and just two block's from the MCI Center. Pet policy allows service animals
for people with disabilities.
Grand Hyatt Washington
Washington, DC 20001
Across from the Washington Convention Center and just 2 blocks to MCI Center,
Washington's new sports and entertainment complex, 5 minutes to the U.S. Capitol and
Federal agencies. Within walking distance of major sightseeing attractions. Metro
subway system is directly accessed from the lobby. 24 Accessible rooms (ADA)
Hamilton Crowne Plaza
Washington, DC 20005
Rising majestically above Franklin Square in the heart of Washington DC, the Crowne
Plaza hotel combines historic ambiance and modern amenities to create a totally
satisfying setting for business or leisure. An easy walk to the White House, Smithsonian,
shopping and monuments. Only one block from the Metro.
Henley Park Hotel
Washington, DC 20001
Located in the heart of Washington's metro center, this elegant Tudor-style hotel offers
visitors a European getaway experience. One Hundred eighteen exterior gargoyles and
authentic lead windows give way to an inviting interior surpassed only by the attentive
staff. It is no surprise that guests return to enjoy the white-gloved service, storybook
atmosphere and afternoon tea. Handicap facilities.
Holiday Inn Capitol
Washington, DC 20024
The Holiday Inn Capitol offers the ideal location for any traveler to Washington D.C.
This comfortable 529-room hotel is situated just one block from the National Air and
Space Museum, the most visited museum in the world. The hotel is also one block from
the L'Enfant Metro. Accessibility: Holiday Inn Capitol prides itself on being sensitive to
the needs of all our guests. Thirteen rooms have been adapted for use by persons with
disabilities. These wheelchair-accessible rooms feature walk/wheel-in showers or tubs
with bathtub-wide seats, extra-wide doorways and other convenient facilities are
available. The following equipment is also available for your use: TDD Phones, Shake-
Awake Alarm Clocks, Flashing Light Smoke Detectors, Flashing Light Door Indicators,
Bathtub-Wide Seats.
Hotel Harrington
Washington, DC 20004
The Hotel Harrington is located in the heart of Washington, DC's world famous tourist
district. Just 1/2 block from Pennsylvania Avenue, between the Capitol and the White
House, you can easily walk to all the sights you would like to see. To expand your range,
our superior subway system, Metro, is just two blocks away. We offer 245 guest rooms,
including 26 deluxe family rooms, full service restaurant, fast food restaurant, friendly
pub, local tours, and a nice gift shop.
Hyatt Regency Washington On Capitol Hill
Washington, DC 20001
Occupies a full city block in the heart of Capitol Hill, 2 blocks from the U.S. Capitol and
Union Station; walking distance to national and cultural attractions, restaurants and
theaters. 11 Accessible Rooms
JW Marriott Hotel
Washington, DC 20004
Rising above the most recognizable landmarks of Washington, DC the JW Marriott
remains as one of the most sought-after meeting sites in the city. Ideally located on
Pennsylvania Avenue's Federal corridor, just blocks from the White House, it offers a
celebrated address near the Convention Center, Capitol Hill, the monuments and
museums, renowned restaurants and cultural venues. ADA Accessible rooms available
L'Enfant Plaza Hotel
Washington, DC 20024
Named after our capitol's city planner, Pierre Charles L'Enfant, it's the closest hotel to the
Holocaust museum and only steps from the Air and Space Museum, the Smithsonian, and
the Mall.
Mandarin Oriental
Washington, DC 20024
Grand elegance within walking distance of the nation's most cherished monuments,
Capitol Hill, and the revered museums of the Smithsonian Institution. Ranked by
Institutional Investor magazine as one of the top 100 hotels in the world, Mandarin
Oriental, Washington, DC creates memorable experiences for any traveler to the most
powerful city in the world.
Marriott Metro Center
Washington, DC 20005
In the heart of Washington's East End business district the Marriott at Metro Center is
within 2 blocks of Washington's 4 largest law firms, 1 block to DC Convention Center
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Renaissance Washington DC
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The Liaison Capitol Hill, An Affinia Hotel
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The Liaison Capitol Hill, An Affinia Hotel is close to most everything people come to
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Washington Court Hotel
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Rev. 08/15/12
Note: We are currently transitioning our documents into web compatible formats for easier reading. We have done our best to supply this content to you in a presentable form, but there may be some formatting issues while we improve the technology. The original version of the document is available as a PDF, Word Document, or as plain text.


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Welcome to my homepage!
I am "Assistent" (non-tenured lecturer) at the Chair for Practical Philosophy at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Before coming here, I have held temporary appointments at various universities including Witten/Herdecke, Glasgow and Regensburg. I teach and do research in ethics, philosophy of the social sciences, and related areas.
I completed my PhD in philosophy at the London School of Economics in 2005.
I have published papers in journals such as The Philosophical Quarterly, Philosophy of Science, The Journal of Value Inquiry and the Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung. Two opinion pieces on recent German legislation on organ donations have been published in the German national paper Süddeutsche Zeitung (with Franz Himpsl).
My doctoral dissertation was on John Stuart Mill. It most prominently discussed Mill's distinction between higher and lower pleasures. I defended Mill (and common sense) against some arguably extravagant claims about what a good life would be like.
I currently work on luck egalitarianism and its relation to health and related topics such as organ donations.
I am also involved in a new edition of Mill's works in German. With Michael Schefczyk I will be editing three volumes, the first should be out soon and includes a new translation of Utilitarianism by myself (more).
A big chunk of my time goes into teaching and examining. In the last few years I have taught courses on causality, logic, metaethics, the history of moral philosophy, paternalism, introductory political philosophy, equality, the philosophy of social science, basic income, global justice, advanced moral theory; half of these at graduate level.
To find out more, please use the navigation bars on the right.


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text: "The Hobbit" Trailer Is Out! (VIDEO) By JB Foxx December 21, 2011 3:25 AM Share on Facebook Share on Twitter We're just a year away from the release of Peter Jackson's "The Hobbit", but you don't have to wait that long to check out the trailer! Photo by Marty Melville/Getty Images Filed Under: movie news | movie trailer | peter jackson | the hobbit Category: Entertainment News | Movies | Videos Share on Facebook Share on Twitter More Leave a comment Send to a friend! Print this page Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr! Best of K945 Recommended For You Best of the Web


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For more information contact:
Marc Eiger, Communications, Tel.: 212-438-1280
All information provided by S&P Capital IQ is impersonal and not tailored to the needs of any person, entity or group of persons. Past performance is no indication of future results. S&P Capital IQ and its affiliates provide a wide range of services to, or relating to, many organizations, including issuers of securities, investment advisers, broker-dealers, investment banks, other financial institutions and financial intermediaries, and accordingly may receive fees or other economic benefits from those organizations, including organizations whose securities or services they may recommend, rate, include in model portfolios, evaluate or otherwise address.
This material is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security or other financial instrument. Securities, financial instruments or strategies mentioned herein may not be suitable for all investors. Any opinions expressed herein are given in good faith, are subject to change without notice, and are only current as of the stated date of their issue. Prices, values, or income from any securities or investments mentioned in this report may fall against the interests of the investor and the investor may get back less than the amount invested. Where an investment is described as being likely to yield income, please note that the amount of income that the investor will receive from such an investment may fluctuate. Where an investment or security is denominated in a
|SOURCE S&P Capital IQ
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Do you want to profile your monitor? Your Printer? Read More »
Home » Tag Archives: Printer Calibration
Tag Archives: Printer Calibration
Product Review – i1Photo Pro: Part II From X-Rite
Do you want to profile your Projector? Your Camera? Part II of the i1Photo Pro Review from X-Rite. Read More »


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I've recently read a few articles on making a national route system for the US simular to what they have in Europe. My question is, Are we ultimatly killing the reason why touring is so popular? If our routes become like the interstate, will we just become another car on the road? Will the adventure be gone when you know thousands have already done what you're in the process of doing? Will the little towns along the way become so jaded to the traveling bicyclist that everything becomes a comodity to them when seen as a regular meal ticket? Are we risking the prepackaging of our sport and taking all of the adventure out of it?
Just curious to know what others think.


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Store-bought has got nothin' these.
Bulk Recipes to Feed Those in Need
seared tuna with fresh corn and wasabi cream
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8 New Ways with Chicken from O, The Oprah Magazine


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Kidsday meets cast members of the Broadway show 'Matilda'
Kidsday reporters from Raynor Country Day School in Remsenburg-Speonk interviewed Gabriel Ebert and Lesli Margherita, who play Mr. and Mrs. Wormwood in the new Broadway musical "Matilda". Videojournalist: Pat Mullooly (April 16, 2013)
Newsday.com now uses Facebook for our comment boards. Please read our guidelines and connect your Facebook account to comment.
LI homes for history buffs Police: Armed robber tied up 2 store employees Fall fun at Brightwaters Farms festival Huntington hosts annual Columbus Day Parade Cops: Motorcyclist's wife dies in DWI crash Battle of Fort Salonga reenacted for Smithtown's 350th anniversary Cops ID prisoner who stole ambulance Hydroponics help reduce SBU's carbon footprint LIRR sees delays after person was struck by train West Islip homecoming king and queen competition Port Jeff students learn about chainsaw art Under the helmet: Inside LI football helmets


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Our New Store is Now Open
Our new store is now open with a selected number of model kits in different scales, recommended tools and books. I hope you find it useful to help you purchase your hobby supplies and kits. Enjoy!
Visit our store from the "Shop Now" link on the top navigation bar.
You can now get your airplane model kits directly from this web site!


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The Los Angeles Lakers suffered their worst loss in franchise history on Thursday night against the Los Angeles Clippers. But at least Will Ferrell lightened the mood for a moment at the Staples Center.
The NBA team shared an amusing clip on their Instagram account featuring a bunch of couples locking lips for the always entertaining Kiss Cam.
"It was an innocent night on the kiss cam until Will Ferrell got involved" is the (perfect) caption accompanying the short video.
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The two men join together to kiss the lady's cheek at the same time, while glaring at each other.
All in good fun, of course. And quite possibly the only thing to smile about during the blowout match.
The Los Angeles Clippers beat the home team 142-94. Even though it was the Lakers worst loss ever, it was the Clippers' biggest win ever.


text:
Archie: The Married Life Vol #4
The fourth volume of ArchieŌĆÖs highly acclaimed graphic novel series features celebrated writer Paul KupperbergŌĆÖs tight-knit ongoing romantic storyline of Archie as a young newlywed in two very different universesŌĆöone where he marries wealthy socialite Veronica Lodge and the other where he marries girl-next-door Betty Cooper. In this volume, life is turned upside-down for our red-headed hero and both of his alternate universe brides. KevinŌĆÖs wedded bliss is cut short when tragedy strikes the hometown hero and his husband, launching him into a career he never thought heŌĆÖd enter! And the ball gets rolling on Betty and ReggieŌĆÖs reality TV dealŌĆöbut can Betty and Reggie run their shops and stay in a healthy relationship with cameras on them 24/7? Meanwhile an old ŌĆ£friendŌĆØ returns with some shocking news! Featuring a surprise guest appearance by Josie and the Pussycats! Archie: The Married Life Book 4 collects issues 19-24 of the popular Life With Archie magazine.
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Elbit Skylark
|Elbit Skylark
|Miniature UAV
|National origin
|Elbit Systems
|Primary user
|Israel Defense Forces
The Elbit Systems Skylark I and Skylark II are small Miniature UAVs developed by Elbit Systems.
Design and development[edit]
Skylark I[edit]
The Skylark I is a Miniature UAV. It is designed as a manpacked system for tactical surveillance and reconnaissance. The Skylark is launched by hand. The payload consists of a daylight CCD or optional FLIR for night operations. During operation, it sends real-time video to a portable ground station. Recovery involves a deep stall maneuver, landing on a small inflatable cushion. It has a range of 20/40 km.
The Skylark is in operation with the militaries of Australia, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Israel, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and Sweden. It has been deployed in Afghanistan and Iraq.[1] The Skylark I has also been selected by France's Special Forces in March 2008.[2]
Skylark II[edit]
The Skylark II was unveiled in 2006. It has a range of 60 km and is designed to be operated by a two-person crew and to be deployed using HMMWV class field vehicles. In December 2007, South Korea decided to purchase the Skylark II system.[3] Israel planned to bring the Skylark II into service by mid-2013.[4]
Operational history[edit]
The Skylark entered operational service in 2008, and began being used in large quantities for high-tempo support of ground forces during Operation Protective Edge which began on 8 July 2014. Every active and reserve brigade received at least two air vehicles and flew them continuously, sometimes both vehicles at the same time. By August 12, some 18 systems had flown several hundred hours, generating intelligence and streaming target-acquisition data to soldiers on the ground.[5]
On 12 August 2015 Al-Qassam Brigades of Hamas claimed that they had captured a Skylark I and reused it for their own missions. The drone was captured on 22 July 2015 by one of their special commando units, and technically checked it to make sure it was not booby-trapped.[6][unreliable source?]
See also[edit]
- ^ http://www.janes.com/news/defence/systems/jdw/jdw080512_1_n.shtml
- ^ http://www.elbitsystems.com/data/ESLT_Skylark_France.pdf
- ^ http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/935471.html
- ^ Israel; Army prepares to induct Skylark 2 UAV - Dmilt.com, March 15, 2013
- ^ Israeli Forces Praise Elbit UAVs in Gaza Op - Defensenews.com, 12 August 2014
- ^ Al-Qassam Brigades captures Israeli drone last month - The Palestinian Information Center, 12 August 2015
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Elbit Skylark.


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Interior designers Universal Design Studio have completed a 'pop-up' store in Melbourne for Australian menswear designer James Cameron. More »
Interior designers Universal Design Studio have completed a 'pop-up' store in Melbourne for Australian menswear designer James Cameron. More »
A temporary shop designed by shoe designer Tracey Neuls to show her shoe designs has opened in London. More »
American designers Formvision have created a pop-up store for sportswear brand Reebok in New York, USA. More »
Amsterdam-based UXUS Design have created a "pop-up" store for sports show brand K-SWISS at Citadium in Paris, France. More »
French designer Jean Marc Gady will create a "fleeting store" for Louis Vuitton inside the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) in Los Angeles later this month, to coincide with the © MURAKAMI exhibition celebrating the work of Japanese artist Takashi Murakami. More »
Live from Basel: here are some photos we took at Comme des Garçons Guerrilla Store +4161, which has been temporarily set up in an old industrial building in Basel, Switzerland. More »
Fashion Architecture Taste have sent us images of 1.51 Miles of String, a temporary shop within Selfridges department store in London. More »
Shoe brand Camper have sent us images of a new temporary store in Berlin designed by the Campana Brothers. More »
Design Miami update: the temporary art store set up by New York gallery Deitch and PAPER magazine wins our vote for best concept at Design Miami last month. More »
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text:
December 15, 2012
Walla Walla County Sheriff's Deputy Gerrod Martin helps Amaya McDavid, 7, search for a toy for her brother.
Stories this photo appears in:
Cops, kids connect for a cheerier Christmas
WALLA WALLA — Local cops walked the beat of Walmart's aisles Saturday on a mission to give toys to those who might have had to do without this Christmas.
Use the comment form below to begin a discussion about this content.


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Chico, a chihuahua belonging to William and Deb Arnold of Three Rivers, was the first animal to be buried Tuesday in the newly created pet section at White Pigeon Township Cemetery.
Dear Dave,
I recently had a closet intervention.
Here are five ways you can have fun this weekend.
Reader question: Is it legal for a real estate agent to work with the seller and the buyer and if it is, then get both commissions? Jonie P.
Schoolcraft sweeps Lady Falcons
Trojans win conference meet
A pair of local township supervisors returned to address St. Joseph County commissioners Tuesday and asked the board to consider sparing funds for improvements to local roads.
Lady Trojans looking to carry momentum from conference championships
MADISON, Wis. (AP) " Linda McQuillen long wondered whether her 1917 home had any connection to Frank Lloyd Wright, thinking at best maybe one of his peers designed it as an imitation of the architect's famous Prairie School style. It turned out she...
WASHINGTON (AP) " The top U.S. commander in Afghanistan recommended on Tuesday that President Barack Obama revise his plan and keep more than 1,000 U.S. troops in the country beyond 2016, just days after a deadly U.S. airstrike "mistakenly" hit a...
Sturgis Directory
Business Name
Location, ST | website.com


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Louisiana Lagniappe
Click below to order Louisiana oranges:
Louisiana Satsumas & Holiday Citrus Combo
Sweet Oranges
Louisiana Navel Oranges
Orlando Tangelos
We are no longer shipping for the 2014/2015 season. Please check back in late Oct. 2015 when we will once again begin shipping Satsumas. Other fruit begin shipping later in the Fall of 2015.
The first fruit to ripen are the fabulous satsumas, usually in mid-late October. Grapefruit, Louisiana Navel, Louisiana Sweet Oranges follow in November. Lastly we begin shipping Tangelos and Blood Oranges in December. Satsumas usually are too ripe for shipping by late December.
Our fruit is not the same fruit you will likely find in your local grocery store. This is tree ripened fruit, grown on a small farm right here in southern Louisiana, then shipped directly to you. Within 24-48 hours of picking, the fruit is washed, packed, and sent on its way! No chemicals, no preservatives, no refrigeration required.
Louisiana Oranges!
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A scarf that adds some bite to a classic suiting pattern. Deconstructed houndstooth is touched by daring pops of color for a look that's smart for both the workday and your day off.
- Abstract houndstooth pattern with neon accents
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- Viscose
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- Imported
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Best Ever Banana Bread Recipe
5 302
Whenever I pass a display of bananas in the grocery store, I can almost smell the wonderful aroma of this bread. It really is good! —Gert Kaiser, Kenosha, Wisconsin
- 1-3/4 cups all-purpose flour
- 1-1/2 cups sugar
- 1 teaspoon baking soda
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 2 eggs
- 2 medium ripe bananas, mashed (1 cup)
- 1/2 cup canola oil
- 1/4 cup plus 1 tablespoon buttermilk
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- 1 cup chopped walnuts
- In a large bowl, stir together flour, sugar, baking soda and salt. In another bowl, combine the eggs, bananas, oil, buttermilk and vanilla; add to flour mixture, stirring just until combined. Fold in nuts.
- Pour into a greased 9-in. x 5-in. loaf pan. Bake at 325° for 1 hour 20 minutes or until a toothpick comes out clean. Cool on wire rack. Yield: 1 loaf.
Originally published as Best Ever Banana Bread in Country October/November 1991, p49
Reviews for Best Ever Banana Bread
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Reviewed Oct. 9, 2015
"The best banana bread i ever had....super moist!!!!"
Reviewed Sep. 30, 2015
"such a tastiest banana bread ever...... the best recipe and easy to make. Thanks TOH."
Reviewed Sep. 27, 2015
"This really is the best banana bread I have made. It is delicious and easy to make. I'm getting rid of all of my old banana bread recipes. Thanks. I tried to give this 5 stars but it didn't happen."
Reviewed Sep. 10, 2015
"DELICIOUS!!!! I have been on the lookout for a really,really good banana bread recipe and this is it! Super easy and great texture. I didn't have walnuts but chopped almonds were just as good. You won't be sorry!"
Reviewed Sep. 9, 2015
"Great flavor and great texture! Will definitely make this one again when I want a banana nut bread. I used pecans instead of walnuts cuz that is what I keep in my freezer."


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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common cancers in southern China. In addition to environmental factors such as Epstein-Barr virus infection and diet, genetic susceptibility has been reported to play a key role in the development of this disease. The x-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene is important in DNA base excision repair. We hypothesized that two common single nucleotide polymorphisms of XRCC1 (codons 194 Arg→Trp and 399 Arg→Gln) are related to the risk of NPC and interact with tobacco smoking.
We sought to determine whether these genetic variants of the XRCC1 gene were associated with the risk of NPC among the Cantonese population in a hospital-based case control study using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. We conducted this study in 462 NPC patients and 511 healthy controls.
After adjustment for sex and age, we found a reduced risk of developing NPC in individuals with the Trp194Trp genotype (OR = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27–0.86) and the Arg194Trp genotype (OR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.60–1.05) compared with those with the Arg194Arg genotype. Compared with those with the Arg399Arg genotype, the risk for NPC was not significantly different in individuals with the Arg399Gln genotype (OR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.62–1.08) and the Gln399Gln genotype (OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 0.69–2.06). Further analyses stratified by gender and smoking status revealed a significantly reduced risk of NPC among males (OR = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.14–0.70) and smokers (OR = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.14–0.82) carrying the XRCC1 194Trp/Trp genotype compared with those carrying the Arg/Arg genotype. No association was observed between Arg399Gln variant genotypes and the risk of NPC combined with smoking and gender.
Our findings suggest that the XRCC1 Trp194Trp variant genotype is associated with a reduced risk of developing NPC in Cantonese population, particularly in males and smokers. Larger studies are needed to confirm our findings and unravel the underlying mechanisms.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common cancers in the Cantonese population in southern China [1]. Etiological factors include Epstein-Barr virus infection, tobacco smoking, and consumption of salted fish [2-4]. In addition to environmental factors, genetic factors such as chromosomal aberrations, nucleotide polymorphisms of HLA class I and II alleles, glutathione S-transferase M1, and cytochrome P450 2E1 also play a role in the development of NPC [5-9]. Only a few people develop the disease in areas where NPC is endemic even though everyone is exposed to the same environment, suggesting that genetic differences such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) may contribute to NPC carcinogenesis.
Polymorphisms in XRCC1 have been identified at conserved sites, including two SNPs at codons 194 (Arg to Trp) and 399 (Arg to Gln) [10]. These findings suggest that since XRCC1 is essential for removing endogenous and exogenous DNA damage, the Arg399Gln substitution may result in deficient DNA repair [11,12]. On the other hand, the Trp194 allele seemed to be protective against DNA damage, although no significant difference was observed from wild-type in terms of DNA repair capacity.
Molecular epidemiological studies investigating the Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln variants of XRCC1 and their impact on cancer risk have generated inconsistent results. The Arg194 allele is associated with an increased risk of gastric cardia cancer (adjusted OR = 1.86, 95% CI, 1.09–3.20), and the Gln399 allele is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (adjusted OR = 1.53, 95% CI, 0.98–2.39) [13]. Olshan et. al. reported a weak increase in the risk of head and neck cancer associated with the Arg194Trp polymorphism (OR = 1.3, 95% CI, 0.6–2.9) and a decreased risk for the Arg399Gln polymorphism (OR = 0.6; CI = 0.4–1.1) [14]. Other studies have reported that these two XRCC1 variants are associated with elevated risks of esophageal cancer [15], pancreatic adenocarcinoma [16], and breast cancer [17].
In the present study, we investigated the association between the Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln variants of XRCC1, smoking status, and the risk of developing NPC in the Cantonese population living in southern China.
Study subjects
The study group consisted of 462 patients with histologically confirmed, untreated NPC and 511 cancer-free controls. All subjects were ethnic Cantonese living in southern China. The NPC patients were consecutively recruited from February 2000 to September 2003 at Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (Canton). Disease staging was performed in accordance with the China 92 TNM staging system [18]. Population controls were selected from a community screening program for early detection of cancer. For each eligible case, we tried to match one control subject by age (± 5 years) and ethnicity (Cantonese). At recruitment, informed consent was obtained from each subject and each participant was then interviewed to solicit detailed information on demographic characteristics and lifetime history of tobacco use. Overall, 520 eligible cases and 520 eligible controls agreed to further risk factor interviews administered by a trained nurse-interviewer, with the final study consisting of 462 cases (88.8% of eligible) and 511 controls (98.3% of eligible) due to lack of information on smoking and the inability to collect blood from some subjects. Information was collected on the number of cigarettes smoked per day, the age at which the subjects started smoking, and the age at which ex-smokers stopped smoking. Pack-years smoked was calculated to indicate cumulative cigarette dose [pack-years = (cigarettes per day/20) × (years smoked)]. Smokers were considered current smokers if they had smoked up to 1 year before the date of cancer diagnosis (or up to the date of the interview for controls). This study was approved by the Hospital Review Board of Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center.
XRCC1 genotyping
Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and XRCC1 genotypes at the Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln sites were determined by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism as described by Xing et. al. [15]. The primers for the XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism were 5' GCC AGG GCC CCT CCT TCA A 3' and 5' TAC CCT CAG ACC CAC GAG T 3', which generate a 485 bp fragment. The primers for the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism were 5'TCC TCC ACC TTG TGC TTT CT 3' and 5' AGT AGT CTG CTG GCT CTG GG 3', which generate a 517 bp fragment. PCR was performed in a 25 μl reaction mixture containing approximately 100 ng DNA, 1.0 μM each primer, 0.2 mM each dNTP, 2.0 mM MgCl2, 1.0 U Taq DNA polymerase with 1 × reaction buffer (Promega, Madison, WI), and 2% dimethyl sulfoxide. Amplification of the Arg194Trp site was carried out under the following conditions: an initial melting step of 2 min at 95°C, followed by 35 cycles of 30 s at 94°C, 30 s at 57°C, and 45 s at 72°C, and a final elongation of 7 min at 72°C. The reaction conditions for the Arg399Gln site were identical except that the annealing temperature was 61°C.
The restriction enzymes PvuII and BcnI (New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA) were used to distinguish the Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln polymorphisms, respectively. The wild-type Arg194Trp allele generates a single band representing the entire 485 bp fragment and the variant 194Trp allele generates 396 and 89 bp fragments. At the Arg399Gln site, the wild-type allele (Arg/Arg) generates 2 DNA bands (384 and 133 bp), the variant allele (Gln/Gln) has a single 517 bp fragment, and the heterozygote (Arg/Gln) displays all 3 bands (517, 384, and 133 bp). The restriction products were analyzed by electrophoresis on a 2% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide. To verify the results, 15% of the samples were randomly selected for duplicate analyses for 63 cases and 74 controls for the codon 194 polymorphism, and for 64 cases and 75 controls for the codon 399 polymorphism. The genotyping results were concordant with all duplicate samples.
Statistical analysis
The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium was tested to compare the observed and expected genotype frequencies among cases and controls, respectively. χ2 tests were used to examine the differences in genotype distributions between cases and controls. The associations between XRCC1 polymorphisms and risk of NPC were estimated by odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), which were calculated by unconditional logistic regression. The ORs were adjusted for age, gender, and smoking status. All analyses were performed using the Statistical Analysis System (Version. 6.12, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Bonferroni's correction of P-value was evaluated when multiple comparison analysis was used.
A total of 462 NPC cases and 511 controls were recruited for the present study. All subjects were ethnic Cantonese. The age ranges of the NPC patients (45.9 ± 12.2 years) and the control subjects (45.7 ± 15.6 years) did not differ (P = 0.22, Chi-square test) and no significant differences between cases and controls in the frequency matched variable age were observed at the time of the interview. Of these recruited subjects, 417 NPC cases and 495 controls were eligible for testing at the 194Arg/Trp site, whereas 425 NPC cases and 501 controls were eligible for testing at the 399Arg/Gln site. We did not observe a higher male/female ratio in NPC cases than in controls. The NPC patients consumed fewer cigarettes (16.1 pack-years) than did controls (22.8 pack-years; P = 0.04, Chi-square test); the median cigarette consumption was 20 pack-years in both groups. Age, gender and smoking status of the NPC cases and the controls are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1. Characteristics of age, gender and smoking status of cases and controls
XRCC1 polymorphisms and NPC risk
Genotyping (Table 2) showed that the frequencies of the XRCC1 194Arg and 194Trp alleles were 69.0% and 31.0% among controls, respectively, and 76.0% and 24.0% among NPC patients. The distribution of XRCC1 Arg194Trp genotypes among controls (Arg/Arg, 47.5%; Arg/Trp, 43.8%; Trp/Trp, 8.7%) was consistent with values predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P = 0.85, Chi-square test). The frequencies of these three genotypes among NPC patients (Arg/Arg, 55.7%; Arg/Trp, 39.8%; and Trp/Trp, 4.5%) were significantly different from controls (P = 0.009, Chi-square test). The distribution of the Arg/Arg, Arg/Gln and Gln/Gln genotypes at the Arg399Gln site among controls was 53.9%, 40.1% and 6.0%, which was in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P = 0.72, Chi-square test). The distribution of these Arg399Gln genotypes among NPC patients (56.7%, 35.8% and 7.5%, respectively) did not differ from the controls (P > 0.05, Chi-squared test).
Table 2. Association between risk of NPC and XRCC1 genotypes among cases and controls
For the XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism, individuals with the XRCC1 Trp194Trp genotype had a nearly 0.50-fold decreased risk of developing NPC compared to those with the Arg194Arg genotype (OR = 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27–0.86, P = 0.01); the risk for developing NPC for individuals with the Arg/Trp genotype did not appear to differ significantly (OR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.60–1.05). For the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism, the risk for developing NPC did not differ between individuals with the Arg/Arg genotype and those with the Arg/Gln genotype (OR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.62–1.08) or the Gln/Gln genotype (OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 0.69–2.06)(Table 2). Since the gender frequency was not matched between the groups, we further analyzed the association between the XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln polymorphisms and the risk of developing NPC by gender. Multivariate regression analyses showed that males carrying the XRCC1 194Trp/Trp genotype had a reduced risk of developing NPC (OR = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.14–0.70; P = 0.004) compared with those carrying the Arg/Arg genotype; risk in males was not effected by the 194Arg/Trp heterozygous genotype (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.54–1.10). No association between XRCC1 Arg194Trp variant genotype and the risk of developing NPC was found in females. The OR values were 0.78 (95% CI, 0.46–1.33) and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.47–2.61), respectively, for the XRCC1 194Arg/Trp and 194Trp/Trp genotypes. Moreover, there was also no association between Arg399Gln variant genotype and the risk of developing NPC in either males or females (Table 3).
Table 3. Association between XRCC1 condon 194 and 399 polymorphisms and NPC risk stratified by gender
The association of XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln polymorphisms and the risk of developing NPC was then analyzed by smoking status. Among smokers, subjects carrying the XRCC1 194Trp/Trp genotype had an OR of 0.34 (95% CI, 0.14–0.82; P = 0.01), which was significantly lower than the OR among nonsmokers carrying the Trp/Trp genotype (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.35–1.70) or the Arg/Trp genotype (OR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.48–1.11) (P < 0.01, test for homogeneity). However, no association between Arg399Gln variant genotype and the risk of developing NPC in either smokers or nonsmokers was observed in this study (Table 4).
Table 4. Association between XRCC1 condon 194 and 399 polymorphisms and NPC risk stratified by smoking status
We examined the association between XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln polymorphisms and the risk of developing NPC by age. Though the subjects more than 60 years old carrying the XRCC1 194 Trp/Trp or Arg/Trp genotype had lower ORs of 0.27 (95% CI, 0.03–2.52) and 0.48 (95% CI, 0.23–0.99), respectively; the P-value was not significant after Bonferroni's correction. Similar results were also obtained from the analysis of the association between the XRCC1 Arg194Trp polymorphism and the risk of developing NPC in subjects less 60 years old. No association between the Arg399Gln variant genotype and the risk of developing NPC was observed in either age group (Table 5).
Table 5. Association between XRCC1 condon 194 and 399 polymorphisms and NPC risk stratified by age range (yr)
Humans have developed complex DNA repair systems to defend against the harmful consequences of DNA damage and safeguard the integrity of the genome. The human XRCC1 gene, which encodes a protein that plays a central role in the single-strand break repair or base excision repair pathway [19], was identified by its ability to restore DNA repair and mapped to the long arm of chromosome 19q13 [20]. The gene encodes XRCC1 and three other DNA repair enzymes: DNA ligase I at its 3' end, DNA polymerase β, and polyadenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP), which are involved in the excision and repair of single-strand breaks and in recombinational repair pathways [21,22].
We observed frequencies of 0.26 for the XRCC1 399Gln allele and 6.0% for the Gln/Gln genotype, which are very similar to other studies on Chinese populations [23,24] but significantly lower than those reported for a Caucasian population (0.335 and 11.5%, respectively, n = 1240; P < 0.05) [25]. Studies of associations between the polymorphisms and cancer risk have been inconsistent, possibly because of linkage disequilibrium with a determinant variant of the XRCC1 gene [26]. A close linkage between the 194Trp and 399Arg alleles was previously reported in the Chinese population [27].
This pilot study analyzed two polymorphisms of the XRCC1 gene in relation to the risk of NPC: the amino acid substitutions Arg to Trp at codon 194 and Arg to Gln at codon 399. Arg194Trp resides in the linker region separating the DNA polymerase β domain from the PARP-interacting domain and Arg399Gln residues in the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 product carboxyl-terminus domain. Both are likely to affect the function of the XRCC1 protein. Chinese hamster ovary cell lines with mutations in XRCC1 have a reduced ability to repair single-strand DNA breaks and are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation and alkylating agents [28].
To date, there is only one published NPC study reporting the associations between NPC risk and XRCC1 polymorphisms. An OR of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.43–0.96) was observed among individuals with the Arg280His or His280His genotypes, whereas no association was noted between polymorphisms at codon 399 of XRCC1 and disease [29]. In this study, we observed a lower risk of developing NPC in individuals with the XRCC1 codon194 Trp/Trp genotype (OR = 0.48, 95% CI, 0.27–0.86). The protective effect of the codon 194 Trp allele observed in our study is consistent with several studies of cancers and XRCC1 genotype. Ratnasinghe et. al. observed a decreased risk of lung cancer associated with the presence of at least one variant allele (OR = 0.7, 95% CI, 0.4–1.2) among Chinese tin miners [30]. Subjects with a codon 194 Trp allele were also at decreased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (OR = 0.8, 95% CI, 0.5–1.3) [31] and bladder cancer (OR = 0.6, 95% CI, 0.3–1.0)[32]. However, there are apparently conflicting data showing that the Arg194Trp genotype increases the risk of head and neck cancer (OR = 2.61) [33] and breast cancer [17].
Although several phenotype analysis studies have associated the 399Gln allele with high levels of DNA adduct formation and increased frequency of sister chromatid change, we failed to observe any association between the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism (alone or in combination with smoking) and risk of developing NPC. This result is generally consistent with previous findings for lung cancer [25], bladder cancer [34], esophageal cancer [15], and malignant lymphoma [35]. However, there are again conflicting data in the literature. For example, this polymorphism has previously been shown to be a risk factor for lung cancer [36] and head and neck cancer [31] in smokers, yet it has also been shown to be protective for bladder cancer [32], pancreatic adenocarcinoma [16], and gastric cardia cancer [37]. The conflicting results may stem from the complexity etiology of cancer with regard to exposure to carcinogens, DNA repair genotypes or other genetic factors, and the small sample size.
Cigarette smoke is a major cause of a variety of malignancies including cancers of the larynx, oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus, bladder, and lung. Numerous studies have consistently shown that cigarette smoke may play an important role as an environmental etiological factor in the development of NPC in China [2,38]. Cigarette smoke contains a myriad of genotoxic agents and carcinogens such as nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). XRCC1 399Gln/Gln genotype carriers reportedly have a decreased capacity for repair of NNK-induced sister chromatid exchange [11,39]. Although the biochemical and biological characteristics of these XRCC1 variants have not been fully determined, Lunn et al. [40] reported that the XRCC1 399Gln allele was significantly associated with higher levels of placental aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts and glycophorin A somatic mutations. In this study, we observed a significant protective influence of the XRCC1 194Trp/Trp genotype (OR = 0.34, 95% CI, 0.14–0.82) on NPC risk in smokers, suggesting effect modification by tobacco smoking. The results of the present study are generally consistent with previous findings in a relatively large lung cancer study, which showed a protective effect of the XRCC1 194Trp allele against tobacco-related lung cancers (OR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77 – 0.95). They also reported that the XRCC1 399Gln/399Gln genotype was associated with a decreased cancer risk among heavy smokers (OR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.51–0.99), but an increased cancer risk among light smokers (OR = 1.38, 95% CI, 0.99 – 1.94) [41]. We also observed a significantly lower risk of NPC (OR = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.14–0.70) in males carrying the XRCC1 194Trp/Trp genotype. Laboratory and epidemiologic data have indicated that men and women react differently to tobacco and environmental carcinogens [42,43]. Exactly how cigarette smoking and DNA repair polymorphisms affect the DNA repair capacity is unknown. One possible mechanism is that at high levels of exposure, the DNA repair capacity is saturated even in individuals with a higher repair capacity [44,45]. Our findings may explain such a gender difference. The high incidence of NPC in women cannot be attributed to smoking alone in Chinese and other Asian populations where smoking among women is relatively uncommon. Our results suggest that analysis of germline polymorphisms and epigenetic alterations should be further evaluated in these male populations, particularly in epidemiologic studies of the risks of NPC.
In summary, our study suggests that the XRCC1 Trp194Trp variant genotype is associated with a reduced risk of developing NPC among Cantonese living in southern China. The decrease in risk of NPC associated with this functional polymorphism was more pronounced among smokers and males. No association was observed between the risk of developing NPC and the XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism alone or jointly with smoking, gender, and age. Because of the limited selection of cases, our findings should be confirmed in a larger study.
NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; GSTM1, Glutathione S-transferase M1; XRCC1, X-ray repair cross complementing group 1.
Competing interests
The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
CY, MXP, HMY and DL carried out the molecular genetic studies, drafted the manuscript. HLF and IE participated in the design of the study. ZYX, LDX and SJY conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This work was supported in part by the Chinese State Key Basic Research Project, Contract No. 2004CB518708; the Foundation of Guangdong Science and Technology Committee, Contract No.2003A3080202; and the Foundation of Guangzhou Science and Technology Committee, Contract No.2003I-E0341.
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