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Fargo, SD (Sports Network) - Nate Wolters scored a game-high 18 points to lead
five players in double figures for the South Dakota State Jackrabbits who
rolled over the UMKC Kangaroos, 88-57, in Summit League play at Frost Arena.
Wolters also had six assists and five rebounds for South Dakota State (18-6,
9-2 Summit). Jordan Dykstra scored 16 points and was a rebound shy of a
double-double. Zach Horstman netted 13 points, Chad White tacked on 12 and
Brayden Carlson chipped in 11. The Jackrabbits have won seven straight.
Estan Tyler had 13 points, Trinity Hall had a double-double of 11 points and
10 rebounds and Brad Reid also collected 10 boards for UMKC (6-18, 3-8) which
has lost four straight.
In the first half the Jackrabbits shot 53.3 percent from the field, including
a 6-of-11 effort from beyond the arc, as they rolled to a 50-30 lead at the
Despite cooling to 40.7 percent shooting in the second half, South Dakota
State limited UMKC to just 28.6 percent shooting to coast to the win.
The Jackrabbits outscored the Kangaroos 18-8 on points off turnovers and
had a 42-36 edge in rebounds.
The Sports Network


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AC3 to WAV 7.1/5.1 on the fly
AC3 to WAV 7.1/5.1 on the fly
Apr 1 2012, 11:30
Post #1
Group: Members
Posts: 1
Joined: 1-April 12
Member No.: 98281
Alright I have a Logitech G35 Gaming Headset, It does 7.1 surround sound but it cannot produce surround sound while using Dolby Digital AC3 and DTS files. It connects through USB I tested files using MPC and WMP. Multichannel WAV or WMA seems to play the surround fine on the headset.
What I want to do is run my MKV movies through some filter that takes the ac3 or dts audio from the MKV and plays it back as a WAV or WMA on the fly.
Any help?
Would "AC3 Filter" help? What settings would I use
This post has been edited by BreakYourNeko: Apr 1 2012, 11:45
Apr 2 2012, 01:54
Post #2
Group: Members
Posts: 1418
Joined: 14-April 09
Member No.: 68950
It seems you're using a DirectShow player (which?). Do you know which decoders or other filters are you using? I recommend not using codec packs, right now you can deal with most content with LAV Filters. I recommend madVR as well but that's beside the point (video renderer, nothing to do with your problem). If you just want one player that does it all, VLC is a good choice. (And yes, AC3 Filter will solve your problem, but also probably the decoder you're using right now, only that you haven't configured it correctly.)
This post has been edited by andy o: Apr 2 2012, 01:55
|Lo-Fi Version
|Time is now: 2nd December 2015 - 01:55

subset: commoncrawl


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Lady Bengals win National Title
The Lady Bengal Softball team won the NJCAA Division II National Championship by defeating the Phoenix College 8-0. It is their second national title in three years. Last year, the girls were national runners-up after losing to Phoenix College in the finals.
The Lady Bengals advanced through the tournament by defeating Murray State College, Mercyhurst North East, Jones County, and Phoenix College.


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Topical warming and stimulating arousal cream to get things going in a natural way.
Emerita Response Cream is a stimulating topical cream women can apply a few minutes before sex to stimulate arousal. Just rub a little on as directed and start to feel a tingling sensation that helps with arousal.
Dispense a small amount of the cream onto your fingertip. Apply directly to the external vulvar tissue over the clitoral region. Rub into the area gently and thoroughly. Re-apply as desired.
Rosemary and Niacin are included to increase blood flow and aid arousal.
It began as a family business, which youngest daughter Sharon MacFarland took over in 1983 at the age of 23. Since then Sharon built it into Emerita, a leading national brand of natural wellness products for women.
In the early days, the company marketed natural menopause products through the Transitions For Health catalog and through physicians' offices. The catalog even appeared in an episode of Sex & the City.
Then in the 1990s, the company's flagship progesterone cream Pro-Gest was introduced at natural food stores, launching a whole category of natural wellness products for women over 40. Since then, Emerita has expanded its offerings to include sexual vitality and skin care products, as well.
Emerita has long been a socially-responsible company that's respectful and empowering of its employees, operating in an open and collaborative fashion. It also has a long history as an advocate for women, valuing education about women's health issues.
Privacy Statement - The Short Version We do not spam - we hate it as much as you do. If you sign up for our email, you can unsubscribe at any time. We do not sell, rent or give your email address to anyone. Period.shopOrganic ® is a registered trademark of Border & Black Ventures, LLC.© Copyright 2007-2015. All rights reserved.


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Hollywood celebrities arent the only ones whose tweets go viral these days. Some military leaders are taking to social media just as other government leaders and agencies are.
The Central Intelligence Agency, for example, made headlines in June with its first tweet: We can neither confirm nor deny that this is our first tweet. It was shared more than 50,000 times in its first hour. Congress and Cabinet members and other political folk dubbed the Hollywood for ugly people are also becoming widely popular on social media.
Verified accounts Twitters way of confirming a popular tweeters identity have been granted to some of the top brass in the military: Army Gen. Martin Dempsey, chairman of the Joint Chiefs (@Martin_Dempsey), and Army Chief of Staff Gen. Raymond Odierno (@GENRayOdierno) keep the conversation going about military leadership at work. And the Air Forces Brig. Gen. John Michel, commanding general of the NATO Air Training Command in Kabul, Afghanistan (@JohnEMichel), has acquired more than 159,000 Twitter followersby staying active on social media and by promoting U.S. military leadership on his website, GeneralLeadership.com.
Social media is really a cross-boundary tool its a force multiplier, and a way to engage people in rich conversation about things that matter to both sides [military and nonmilitary], Michel said in an interview with Air Force Times.
Michels call to social media ramped up after he saw a Washington Post opinion piece, The military needs to reach out to civilians, written by Dempsey last summer. Dempsey wrote: We should tell our stories and recognize that those who arent in uniform might not know what to say or ask. We also have a duty to listen. Our fellow citizens may have different perspectives that we need to hear and understand.
I agree wholeheartedly with the chairman, Michel said. We could and must do better at engaging with the citizens we serve.
Michel said he finds it really cool that Twitter allows both public conversations with all of a users followers and private conversations between a user and one follower.
And as his tweets show, highlighting world events is possible in 140 characters along with photos, videos and links.
Here in Afghanistan, were building an air force in a war zone. And people love being part of this story. And Twitter allows, more than any other tool, to richly share these experiences and make them a part of our story in a way thats particularly compelling, Michel said.
The use of Twitter itself can become the story. During the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, Twitter users could track the number of tweets during specific games by watching a real-time global heat map. Similarly, Air Force Global Strike Command commander Lt. Gen. Stephen Wilson told an Air Force Association congressional breakfast on June 24 that Twitter was his source for monitoring a pair of B-2s and F-16s approaching Osan Air Base, South Korea, last year during a spat between the U.S. and North Korea. The idea was for the aircraft to fly low enough near Osan to be photographed and for that news to circulate around the world through social media; thus indirectly, the flights became the show of force the U.S. intended.
The way the world communicates has changed information spreads more rapidly, news is reported real-time and people are more connected than ever before, Wilson said in an email to Air Force Times. Twitter has become a key component in my communication efforts, because combined with those dynamics is the fact that if you dont tell your story, someone else will.
And Twitter, or any social media platform, can spearhead another story platform: Michel and Col. Matthew Fritz, chief of staff of NATO Air Training Command, together created GeneralLeadership.com, a website that features bloggers E-7s and E-8s, lieutenant colonels and above, and retired top brass from all service branches who connect with the general population to share what we have learned serving our nation across the globe, Michel said.
Most of the 6,000 subscribers to their site dont have any military experience, Fritz said, so the leaders are communicating with the American public at large.
This is a conversation that we are having with our Twitter followers, as well as our LinkedIn followers, and even Google, Fritz said. So something that might start on the website becomes an open conversation, and its amazing how much we can learn, they can learn and what we can learn from each other.
The website is a personal venture done on their personal time, and is not sanctioned or sponsored by the Defense Department, Fritz said. But the authors and curators follow DoD safe posting and safe social media practices. And Michel and Fritz help nurture new authors with editing tips, blog posting, and increasing social media activity.
The fact is, the vast majority of young people in our various service branches are very social-media savvy which makes it all the more important to try and connect to them in ways that are relevant and comfortable for them, Michel said.
And while the communication is not face-to-face, its not any less valuable. Michel said he connects to folks before they go to basic military training [about] how you can succeed, to people who are in Airman Leadership School, and to young officers.
Wilson said it gives him another chance to gain insight into differing opinions and get a near real-time pulse on discussions that involve my command.
I enjoy the ability to quickly highlight Global Strike airmen and mission to potentially more than 1,500 followers, the majority of whom I will never have the chance to meet face-to-face, he said. Whether Im visiting a base and I take photos with airmen and tweet immediately, or tweet an article highlighting airmen, my goal is to communicate [who] Global Strike airmen are and that their work directly contributes to the security of this nation.
Michel and Fritz said they would encourage more leaders to get on social media platforms.
People who are hungry to have a conversation about leadership, about character, about responsibility, integrity... those are the people who interact with us, and now, more active-duty and retired senior leaders are reaching out to us because they have important things to say; theres an important conversation to be had, Fritz said.


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Hi all,
here is my second plugin (first was Indent XML) for Sublime Text. It's called ChangeTracker and it highlights changes made in file since last save. Also it allows to navigate through all the changes made.
Here you can watch short (about 1 min) demo - YouTube
Plugin now on github - https://github.com/alek-sys/ChangeTracker
Hope that it will appear in Package Control soon.
P.S. I see the obvious way for this plugin to grow - highlight not unsaved changes, but uncommited changes (for git / hg / etc) If you have any good ideas or want to take a part in development - you are welcome Just write here or email me - firstname.lastname@example.com


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The Sacramento Kings' DeMarcus Cousins drives around the Phoenix Suns' Hamed Haddadi, right, during the first half of a March 2013 game.
First, former teammate John Wall got paid big. DeMarcus Cousins, another member of coach John Calipari's first University of Kentucky team, appears next in line to receive an NBA max deal.
Sources with knowledge of the Sacramento Kings' contract talks told ESPN's Marc Stein on Monday that Cousins will likely have a new deal signed before Oct. 31, the deadline extensions to 2010 first-round picks. The 6-foot-11 center will likely join the Washington Wizards' Wall and Indiana Pacers' Paul George as players earning in the $80 million range over five years.
Cousins averaged 17.1 points and 9.9 ...


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This sort of thing seems to be getting more and more common with Apple. They seem to announce their stuff long before any partners have signed up. Newspapers and magazines are another example. We heard all about how every magazine would be available and how Apple was going to change the whole industry, but the reality is VERY different.
Now Apple announces Facebook functionality before any deal is cut, while at the same time trying to use a public statment by the CEO to vilify Facebook and make them into some sort of greedy bad guys. That sort of negotiation tactic is nasty and amateurish.
This sort of sleazy tactic is far beneath Apple.
Apple never announced Facebook for Ping.
Kara Swisher asked Steve point blank "Why no Facebook integration." He gave the answer that the terms Facebook demanded were onerous to Apple. This is a fair negotiation tactic. It certainly is no less fair than Facebook blocking the API access to Ping in the eleventh hour so that Apple was forced to either cave in to the demands or change their plans last minute. Apple chose the latter, which is why you have all of the evidence out there about Facebook in Ping (and why you look at this as if Apple ANNOUNCED anything). The screenshots and documentation are simply overcome by events because Facebook shut down the API access and Apple didn't cave.
All is fair in love, war, and negotiation, and it seems to me that Apple and Facebook are simply playing hardball with each other. In terms of social networking, Apple is in a new position: it is not the Gorilla in the room. Facebook is. So don't look at this like an example of Apple running roughshod over the little guy.


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Students accepted to Hartnell College get a tour of the Alisal campus during Migrant Outreach Day in May 2011. The Out of School Youth category (ages 16 to 22) of the migrant education program is seeing an increase in enrollment in Monterey County.
- Filed Under
They're called "Out of School Youth," and they represent a growing target for educators of migrant students in Monterey County.
They are 16 to 22 years old and many of them are on their own, traveling district to district, county to county, state to state, country to country.
Their focus on school has been disrupted for various reasons, but mostly because they're in search of farm work, and the migrant education system - for its own survival - is trying to find them and keep them on track toward high school graduation. ...


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Ohio State fans hold a sign acknowledging the Buckeyes' undefeated record after the Big Ten game Saturday against Michigan.
- Filed Under
They have done everything they could, and now there is nothing left for them to do. It is up to history to judge the 2012 Ohio State Buckeyes. Also, the AP poll voters.
They are unbeaten forever. Unbowed forever. Unblemished forever.
They are also a symbol. And a dilemma. ...


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FORT BRAGG, N.C. — An Army paratrooper at Fort Bragg has been arrested and charged with being involved in a robbery in Philadelphia in 2002.
The Fayetteville Observer reported that 34-year-old Caliph Hassan Samuel was arrested Wednesday by Cumberland County sheriffs deputies.
Samuel is charged with being a fugitive from justice in Philadelphia, where he is charged with robbery with serious injury.
The warrant states that Samuel was in the 307th Brigade Support Battalion, 1st Brigade Combat Team, 82nd Airborne Division.
Court records show Samuel was charged with a robbery on May 2, 2002.
It was not clear if he has an attorney.
Answers by RallyPointSEE MORE ANSWERS
Join trending discussions in the military's #1 professional community. See what members like yourself have to say from across the DoD.


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- Filed Under
Hurricane City Police are searching for a suspect believed to be involved in an armed robbery that took place Monday morning at the Hurricane Family Pharmacy, according to initial dispatch reports.
Police responded around 9:45 a.m. and are still searching for a male suspect who fled the scene on foot.
Officials have not released if anything was taken. He is described as about 6'1" to 6'3" and weighing about 240 to 260 pounds, according to a press release from Sgt. Brandon Buell. The suspect also has ...


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- Filed Under
There is a pretty strong rising class of senior basketball players locally to keep an eye on next winter. But those interested in where they will play at the next level better start keeping tabs this summer.
Of the 10 players who made the All-Ozarks girls and boys basketball teams last month, five will be back for their senior seasons.
For the boys, Willard's Chris Kendrix has offers from Kansas State, Miami (Ohio), Missouri State and Wichita State, and Republic's Cody Geiger's stock could gain steam this summer.
For the girls, Parkview's Aubrey Buckley has been courted by several regional schools including Missouri State, and Walnut Grove's Heather Harman has been offered by Southeast Missouri State, and a few local colleges.
And that's not including second-teamers Lauren Aldridge of Marshfield, who has already committed to Kansas, and Mikaela Burgess of Webb City, who has committed to Pittsburg State.
But the player garnering the most attention so far this spring is Ozark's Hannah Cook. When her season ended, she already had offers from Creighton, Missouri State, Drake and Southeast Missouri State. Playing for the Missouri Valley Eclipse, Cook led her AAU team to a championship at the recent Windy City Classic in the Chicago area.
Since then, she has picked up scholarship offers from Denver, Alabama-Birmingham and from former Missouri State coach Nyla Milleson, who is now at George Mason.
Cook said recently she'd like to have her decision made before her senior season. And now, she'll have to adjust to playing for a new coach for her final year, as Yancey Little stepped down last month.
But with her star rising and the offers coming in, don't be surprised if Cook, and the other top juniors in the Ozarks, keep waiting to see what's out there.
Program booster
The Skyline football program, and Urbana community, could have quite a feather in its cap if the unexpected road of Travis Chappelear continues on its successful course.
Chappelear signed as a free agent with the Cincinnati Bengals last week after not being selected in the NFL draft. The 2007 Skyline graduate spent time at Missouri Valley and Missouri State before ending up at Northwest Missouri State, starring for the Bearcats at defensive end.
For the Class 1 Skyline Tigers and coach Brandon Shelby, it's a testament that hard work can lead to some amazing things.
And the virtue of patience is of utmost importance.
Athletes of the Year
What we hope is a much-anticipated tradition continues next month as we award the area's Male and Female Senior Athletes of the Year.
We don't have a formal nomination process. But if you want to drop me an email with some information about a senior who should be considered, feel free.
I'm especially interested in off-the-field achievements, such as grades, volunteer work or other extra-curricular activities. We take those factors into account when making our decisions.
But be quick, because the high school sports year ends in just 26 days, if you can believe that.
Contact Matt Schoch at 417-836-1191 or email@example.com. Follow him on Twitter at @MattSchochNL.


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General Winfield Scott (1786-1866)
Winfield Scott is shown here in uniform, probably in 1861, his final year as commander of the U.S. Army. Scott was the general in chief of the army during the Mexican War and briefly at the beginning of the Civil War. He proposed the Anaconda Plan, which required a blockade of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, a thrust down the Mississippi, and a cordon along the border between North and South.
- Date:
- 1862 circa 5 years
- Original Format:
- Carte de Visite
- Item#:
- Photographer:
- Mathew Brady
- Height:
- 990px
- Width:
- 637px
- download hi-res watermarked image
Related Categories:
All Licensed images are available for download as jpeg files at 300 dpi of original size.
If your project requires an image at higher resolution, please contact us (be sure to include item number). Custom requests may require an additional charge.


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• The City of El Paso Museums and Cultural Affairs Department is looking for artists to help beautify some public places, Times Building, Luther Building, Texas Building and other locations. Approximately $200,000 is available to purchase existing artwork. Applicants must be at least 18 years or older and be a professional artist, dedicated to producing work on a regular basis. The deadline to submit an application is Feb. 14. For details on submission requirements and the application process, visit www.elpasoartsandculture.org.
• Hubbard Museum of the American West calls for entries to the inaugural "Celebracion del Arte" juried art show opening in May. The call is open to all artists of any age, amateur and professional and currently residing in New Mexico, Colorado, Texas and Arizona. Artists may submit any number of arts with a $25 entry fee for the first piece and $20 for additional pieces. All entries must be received by March 19. Cash awards. For more information and to see the application form visit, hubbardmuseum.org.
• The Mesilla Valley Fine Art Gallery, 2470-A Calle de Guadalupe, has openings for fine artists and photographers to display their artwork. Stop by the gallery or call 575-522-2933 to pick up an application. Info: mesillavalleyfinearts.com.
• The La Mesa Station Gallery, 16205 S.
• Registration for the 2013 winter and spring art classes at the Las Cruces Museum of Art has begun. A spring session begins March 4. Class schedules and registration forms are available on the museum's website, las-cruces.org/museums. Info: 575-541-2137.
• Students may enroll at any time for art classes with Wayne Carl Huber, held at My Place Jewell, 140 Wyatt Drive. Classes are for adults in the afternoons. Info: 575-647-5684.
• St. Paul's United Methodist Church, at the corner of Alameda and Griggs in downtown Las Cruces, is preparing a performance of Anton Dvorak's "Stabat Mater" for 6 p.m. May 12 . Dr. Douglas Weeks will be conducting the performance by choir, soloists and orchestra of this beautiful late 19th century choral work. Singers from across the community regardless of affiliation are invited to sing this monumental work. Rehearsals will be on Wednesday evenings at 8 p.m. in the choir room at St. Paul's, with occasional Saturday afternoon rehearsal times. Scores will be provided. Interested singers may contact Weeks at 575-644-6999 for more information, or simply attend the Wednesday evening rehearsals.
• The New Horizons Symphony is seeking percussionists, cello, bass and violin players for their upcoming concerts. Join their rehearsals at 6:15 p.m. Thursdays at the NMSU Band Room on the NMSU campus even if you're rusty and haven't played in a long time or don't have an instrument. Info: Millie, 575-522-5571.
• The Rio Grande Recorders are seeking new bass, tenor and alto players. The group conducts monthly sessions and weekly practices. They play Baroque and Renaissance music as well as sounds from older and modern eras. Experienced and new players are welcome. Info: rgrecorders.org or call 575-522-1742.
• Celestial Sounds, a women's singing group with members from 16 to over 60, seeks new members for their repertoire of 3-, 4- and 6-part choral music. They have biannual concerts. Info: Director Carol Nike, 575-202-9646 or email@example.com.


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Like us on Facebook for inter-esting movie poster-related stuff:
2 Fast 2 Furious dvd coverCopyright by respective production studio and/or distributor. Intended for editorial use only.
Directed by: John Singleton
Cast: Paul Walker, Tyrese Gibson, Devon Aoki, Eva Mendes, Ludacris, Cole Hauser, James Remar, Mark Boone Junior, Amaury Nolasco, Michael Ealy, Thom Barry, Roberto Sanchez


text:
Featured Products
What We're About
Terra Verde Foods mission is to make good foods that are good for you. Our products are made using the best ingredients that we can find to bring you our fresh from the farm flavors. Fresh fruits and vegetables that are organic or pesticide free plus the use of no chemical preservatives, artificial flavorings, MSG nor GMO ingredients are used in our foods. Our all natural foods are gluten and soy free, Vegan and vegetarian but we are carnivore friendly. Our fresh organic produce is low in sugar; some have no added sugars, but contain natural sugars from the fruits and vegetables used. In those few products that require salt to enhance their flavor we use a low sodium Kosher salt or sol de gris (French grey sea salt). Our foods are slow cooked in small batches to impart the fresh flavors that we are known for. One taste and you will return for more…..from our hands to your table. We hope you enjoy all Terra Verde Foods artisan products. Back to top of page


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26 U.S. Code § 7436 - Proceedings for determination of employment status
prev | next
(a) Creation of remedy
If, in connection with an audit of any person, there is an actual controversy involving a determination by the Secretary as part of an examination that—
(1) one or more individuals performing services for such person are employees of such person for purposes of subtitle C, or
(2) such person is not entitled to the treatment under subsection (a) ofsection 530 of the Revenue Act of 1978 with respect to such an individual,
upon the filing of an appropriate pleading, the Tax Court may determine whether such a determination by the Secretary is correct and the proper amount of employment tax under such determination. Any such redetermination by the Tax Court shall have the force and effect of a decision of the Tax Court and shall be reviewable as such.
(b) Limitations
(1) Petitioner
A pleading may be filed under this section only by the person for whom the services are performed.
(2) Time for filing action
If the Secretary sends by certified or registered mail notice to the petitioner of a determination by the Secretary described in subsection (a), no proceeding may be initiated under this section with respect to such determination unless the pleading is filed before the 91st day after the date of such mailing.
(3) No adverse inference from treatment while action is pending
If, during the pendency of any proceeding brought under this section, the petitioner changes his treatment for employment tax purposes of any individual whose employment status as an employee is involved in such proceeding (or of any individual holding a substantially similar position) to treatment as an employee, such change shall not be taken into account in the Tax Court's determination under this section.
(c) Small case procedures
(1) In general
At the option of the petitioner, concurred in by the Tax Court or a division thereof before the hearing of the case, proceedings under this section may (notwithstanding the provisions of section 7453) be conducted subject to the rules of evidence, practice, and procedure applicable under section 7463 if the amount of employment taxes placed in dispute is $50,000 or less for each calendar quarter involved.
(2) Finality of decisions
A decision entered in any proceeding conducted under this subsection shall not be reviewed in any other court and shall not be treated as a precedent for any other case not involving the same petitioner and the same determinations.
(3) Certain rules to apply
Rules similar to the rules of the last sentence of subsection (a), andsubsections (c), (d), and (e), ofsection 7463 shall apply to proceedings conducted under this subsection.
(d) Special rules
(1) Restrictions on assessment and collection pending action, etc.
The principles of subsections (a), (b), (c), (d), and (f) ofsection 6213, section 6214 (a), section 6215, section 6503 (a), section 6512, and section 7481 shall apply to proceedings brought under this section in the same manner as if the Secretary's determination described in subsection (a) were a notice of deficiency.
(2) Awarding of costs and certain fees
Section 7430 shall apply to proceedings brought under this section.
Source(Added Pub. L. 105–34, title XIV, § 1454(a),Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1055; amended Pub. L. 105–206, title III, § 3103(b)(1),July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 731; Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(7) [title III, § 314(f)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–643.)
References in Text
Section 530 of the Revenue Act of 1978, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is section 530 ofPub. L. 95–600, which is set out as a note under section 3401 of this title.
Prior Provisions
2000—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–554inserted "and the proper amount of employment tax under such determination" before period at end of first sentence.
1998—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–206substituted "$50,000" for "$10,000".
Effective Date of 2000 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 106–554effective as if included in the provisions of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Pub. L. 105–34, to which such amendment relates, see section 1 (a)(7) [title III, § 314(g)] of Pub. L. 106–554, set out as a note under section 56 of this title.
Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
Pub. L. 105–206, title III, § 3103(c),July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 731, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 7443A and 7463 of this title] shall apply to proceedings commenced after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 22, 1998]."
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII.


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HOME NASCAR Brad Keselowski Gear Brad Keselowski Home Office & School (11 items) Product ID: 1115407
Main Content
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You'll be seeing 3 times the race track spirit when you hang this R & R Imports Triple Shot framed photo in your sports den! Three vibrant photos inspired by Brad Keselowski and the NASCAR 2012 Sprint Cup Series are double matted in an elegant display and secured in a durable metal frame.
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About us
Responding to the growing public health crisis of counterfeit drugs, in February 2006, the World Health Organization launched the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT). At its core, IMPACT aims to build coordinated networks across and between countries in 0rder to halt the production, trading and selling of fake medicines around the globe. IMPACT is a partnership comprised of all the major anti-counterfeiting players, including: international organizations, non-governmental organizations, enforcement agencies, pharmaceutical manufacturers associations and drug and regulatory authorities.


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ST. LOUIS (KSDK) - Crime has long put the community of College Hill in the headlines.
Earlier this year four shootings in less than two weeks left three people dead.
"College Hill is just so, there's so much murder. All you need to do is follow the teddy bears, and that is the sad thing because a teddy bear is not meant to mark a grave or a site of a killing, but that's actually what is happening in College Hill," said Pat Woods.
It's a growing problem she has spent the last 30 years watching get swept under the rug.
As a result, the St. Louis Metropolitan Police Department has taken a different approach to solve the problem.
Following four major shootings across College Hill between January 25 and February 4, police presence increased and fliers for CrimeStoppers landed in residents' mailboxes.
Now that St. Louis police have a new plan in action, CrimeStoppers has seen an increase in the number of tips to its anonymous hotline.
"So, hopefully that's helping the police put some pieces together to the puzzle and hopefully they'll be able to make some arrests," said Woods.
She knows there is more work to be done. She lost her 17-year-old son to violence, but won't turn her back on the community.
Woods plans to open the first sit-down eatery in College Hill in three decades.
"That is going to give hope. What this neighborhood needs is hope, and if a person is given an opportunity to get training and actually get jobs, then he or she will want to clean the front of their house, not just a business, and then clean up internally as well to stop the drugs, to stop the violence."
Police now plan to use the same strategy in other neighborhoods.
If you would like to submit an anonymous tip to CrimeStoppers call 866-371-TIPS.


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Vanilla is a product of Lussumo:
Documentation and Support.
Once technology is successfully used, it only spreads, it is never reduced
The way government keep telling us they are doing things for our benefit ( congestion/emmision charging/parking restrictions and fines) when they just need to increase revenue.
Hmmm thinking about hw to thread and rethread discussions I'm not thinking AI but instead some sort of community consensus, similar to the vote up/vote down that you see on some forums. So the readers of this very post could vote for it to split into it's own thread, or to join it with another one.Well, Wikipedia's been doing that sort of thing for years (merging and splitting articles, on consensus of contributors). But it's not really necessary on a forum where there's no solid rule about what's a post and what's not. I trust your artificial intelligences can see if a thread is drifting to the point where it needs to be split, and redundant threads are often linked to the original and closed.
Ariana, am I being a pillock for thinking that something like this, while work, isn't impossible?


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Former Glendale High School tennis player Paul Nahon won state tennis titles in 2010 and 2011. / News-Leader file photo
Dan Nash
A view of The Narrows on the Keyhole Route up to Longs Peak in the Rocky Mountains. / National Park Service
The National Park Service said Friday that a Glendale High School graduate and tennis star who fell to his death while scaling Longs Peak in Colorado was climbing alone.
Attempts to recover the body of Paul Nahon were also delayed Friday due to a second fall off Longs Peak.
Nahon fell 150 feet to his death on Thursday. About 8:30 a.m. Friday, as recovery operations were beginning, Rocky Mountain National Park rangers were notified that a technical climber on the east face of Longs Peak fell approximately 50 feet while roped in and suffered numerous injuries.
Resources gathered for the recovery efforts are now being focused on assisting the 34-year-old climber, a park news release said.
A park ranger and medic reached that climber at 12:30 p.m. but still had to carry the man to an area where he could be flown to further medical care. Only then would park staff evaluate the feasibility of recovering Nahons body.
Nahon, a university student, was climbing a difficult part of a trail known as the Keyhole Route when he fell. A video linked with this story on www.News-Leader.com shows the precipitous Keyhole Route, but was not taken during Nahons climb.
Kyle Patterson, park service spokesperson, told the News-Leader that Nahon was not wearing a rope when he fell and that he was not accompanied.
The National Park Service describes the The Narrows as sheer vertical rock face on a narrow ledge.
The Keyhole Route is NOT a hike! a park service brochure explains. It is a climb that crosses enormous sheer vertical rock faces, often with falling rocks, requiring scrambling, where an unroped fall would likely be fatal.
The brochure cautions that injuries requiring rescue are very dangerous and evacuation may take several hours, if not days. A recovery flight was impossible on Thursday due to high winds, according to the National Park Service.
The Narrows is the second to last section of the Keyhole Route before reaching the summit of Longs Peak.
Dan Nash, owner of Satori Adventures and Expeditions in Springfield, has climbed the Keyhole Route. He said the route for most people is moderately difficult.
Youre scrambling up boulders, through a variety of different areas of rock, Nash said.
The Narrows is an exposed area, about 5 or 6 feet wide on average, but as narrow as 18 inches, Nash said. Those who climb it are exposed to a drop of up to 200 feet, he said.
If you fall on The Narrows, that is one of the more unforgiving places on the Keyhole Route, Patterson said.
A news release from the park service said a 911 call reporting Nahons fall was made shortly after 8 a.m. Mountain Time. The news release also said ice was present at several locations along the Keyhole Route when the fall happened.
Nash said this is not surprising, given that Colorado has had a cool summer.
I would totally expect there to be ice patches and even patches of snow, Nash said.
Longs Peak typically experiences five to 10 climbing-related incidents every year, Patterson said, and an average of one fatality every couple of years.
But thousands also climb successfully each year, Patterson said.
Senator reacts to death
On Friday, a spokeswoman for U.S. Sen. Roy Blunt confirmed that Nahon was an intern in Blunts office.
Ive known Paul since he was born, and he worked in my Washington office this summer, where he did an outstanding job as was the case in everything he pursued, Blunt said in a statement released by his office. From tennis, to academics, to his friends and family, Paul was a young man with limitless potential.
Blunt has a long history with the Nahon family. N
ahons grandmother, Sharon Nahon, ran Blunts Springfield office while Blunt was Missouri secretary of state and for 14 years when he was in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Nahon won state tennis titles in 2010 and 2011 and holds the record for most tennis wins in Missouri history.
His coach at Glendale, Bob Cooper, praised the consistency of the four-time high school state medalist.
He was just tremendously dedicated, focused and beyond his years when it came to being self-motivated to achieve, whether it be in the classroom or on the court, he said. Ive been blessed with a lot of good players, but he set the bar to a new level.
According to a news release from the Rocky Mountain National Park, emergency responders said Nahon survived the fall but had multiple traumatic injuries. The group performed CPR but was unsuccessful, according to the release.
Reporter Matt Schoch contributed to this story.


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See the online vehicle inventories of Lawrenceville Jeep dealers at the Autobytel.com website. Sort automobile listings a couple of different ways. Group the vehicles by their MSRP price, MPG numbers, year, manufacturer, or location. It is simple to locate Jeep dealers in Lawrenceville. Purchasing a vehicle is quite a large investment. Do some legwork by studying all the various options to get the most out of your investment. Browse the inventory of cars for sale at Lawrenceville Jeep dealers.
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Women living in poor neighborhoods are more likely to be obese and have type 2 diabetes than those who move into more advantaged areas, says a HealthDay article based on a study published today in the New England Journal of Medicine.
From 1994 through 1998, the study authors recruited 4,498 women with children living in public housing in high-poverty areas. Called Moving to Opportunity, the study's aim was to see if moving the women and their children from high-poverty areas to lower-poverty areas could improve their lives. The study volunteers came from Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York.
The women were assigned to 1of 3 groups based on the results of a random lottery. One group received housing vouchers that were only redeemable if they moved to an area with less than 10% of people living in poverty, and they received counseling on moving; another group received housing vouchers with no restrictions; and the final group received no intervention.
In 2008 through 2010, the researchers collected follow-up information, including measurements of height, weight, and blood samples to test for diabetes.
During the follow-up period, 17% of the women in the control group were morbidly obese. Among the women who moved to lower-poverty areas, the rate was 14.4%, which is 19% lower than the control group. Women who received traditional housing vouchers had a morbid obesity rate of 15.4%, the article says.
The rate of diabetes was 16.3% in the women who moved to lower-poverty areas, 20.6% in the traditional housing voucher group, and 20% in the control group.
Although the study wasn't designed to identify the specific factors that might have contributed to the drop in obesity and diabetes rates after moving to lower-poverty areas, the authors say 4 major factors likely contributed: (1) access to better foods; (2) the ability to exercise in safer neighborhoods; (3) access to better health care; and (4) reduced psychological stress because of moving to a safer neighborhood.
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The Canterbury Ghost Tour
Join the Canterbury Ghost Hunter on a 90 minute tour of Canterbury's dark side with an entertaining blend of history, humour and haunting. Follow the award winning Ghost Hunter, author and local historian, John Hippisley, as he leads you through the streets of Canterbury on a unique tour that is both spooky, historical and delightfully humorous.
• What tragedy befell a mother and her children in a local tearoom?
• What can happen if you fool around with a Ouija board?
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Wow, I cannot get it to do anything other than move clockwise. First thing I noticed was the firm female figure that is quite obviously 3D, probably from the application "Poser". The other thing is that the motion of "falling clockwise" with the right arm out is my interpretation of a more natural dance move.
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10/18/07 at 11:22pm


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Are we just trying to prove every theorem or find theories which lead to a lot of creativity or what?
I've already read G. H. Hardy Apology but I didn't get an answer from it.
Are we just trying to prove every theorem or find theories which lead to a lot of creativity or what?
I've already read G. H. Hardy Apology but I didn't get an answer from it.
There was a book I read at one point, can't remember which, that had the following parable in the introduction (paraphrasing from memory):
"There was once a group of people who wanted to get to a mountain far in the distance and climb it. Between them and the mountain, was a great desert they would have to cross. It was clear that the people had neither the knowledge to cross the desert nor to climb the mountain once they got there. So they began to study and work. At first, everyone worked on a bit of everything: how to carry water; how to avoid sand traps; how to climb safely; etc. Slowly, some people began devoting more of their time to studying the desert, and some to studying mountain climbing. And so the people studying the desert began to develop theories of sand dunes, wind, erosion, and so on; these theories were not really necessary in order to cross the desert, but the people studying the desert found them interesting nonetheless. Those studying mountain climbing were only interested in the desert-studies in so far as it allowed them to get closer to the mountain, and often complained that the desert-study people were wasting time considering theoretical questions that were unnecessary for the purposes of crossing the desert. The desert study people didn't care: they had fallen in love with the desert and were intent on studying it, regardless of whether it helped them all get to the mountain or not."
In the analogy, the mountain was the Theory of Everything from Physics; the Desert was mathematics. There was a time when mathematics' main concern was really to help study the world (help us cross the desert), but it has moved on from that.
This doesn't really answer your question. Perhaps the following won't either: when I was in my early second year in grad school, and looking for an advisor, Hendrik Lenstra told me: "Ask yourself why you do mathematics. If the answer is not 'Because I have to' then quit grad school now." Meaning: unless you would be doing mathematics in your free time, then don't try it as your profession.
I think the answer to this question depends on your philosophy of mathematics. Hilbert said that
while Arnold said that
I think most pure mathematicians think like Hilbert does (this is called formalism), and just want to enjoy the creative process behind making these marks on paper. There is no "goal". Certainly, if we have a conjecture we've decided is particularly nice or fundamental, we might work extra hard to prove it, but it still is not an "external" goal of mathematics.
I'm sure that applied mathematicians take pleasure in attacking the (obviously quite difficult and important) problem of modeling reality with mathematics. Thus for them, math does have a goal, and consequently the aesthetic is quite different - as Hardy said,
To a pure mathematician, the pleasure of mathematics lies entirely in a clever argument, or an insightful definition, etc. - there is nothing external by which we must judge "success" or "failure".
Personally, besides my love for mathematics itself, I actually take pleasure in the idea that there is no goal. If there's no "ultimate purpose" to mathematics, we don't have to fret about whether we're "helping further it" or whatever - we can all just have fun doing whatever we please.
Two amazing essays I highly recommend on this subject are Tao's What is good mathematics? and Thurston's On proof and progress in mathematics.
Timothy Gowers has a talk on YouTube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsIJN4YMZZo related to this question.
What is the goal of mathematics? It is the same as that of any other scholarly discipline: to attain understanding of its object of study. I fairly admit that my answer is trite, so let me expand it and along the way answer some closely related questions.
The principal myth that needs to be shot down is that mathematics is pursued because it is useful. That mathematics is substantially useful, we can all agree; but there is no complete answer to the vexing question of the uses and value of mathematics, let alone practical criteria to measure and evaluate them. Such criteria if available and actually applied and enforced, could only lead to a net loss by restricting the mathematical output so as to agree with an externally derived standard of value. This, with a flair for the dramatic, I can only construe as censorship. Less dramatically, it would lead to a fatal impoverishment of the total structure of mathematics. To take a simple example, quantum mechanics is hardly thinkable without the apparatus of Hilbert space theory; solid state physics is impossible without quantum mechanics which on its turn made possible the advent of the modern computer, a technological revolution pregnant with new and astonishing possibilities. But there is no clear, direct path between Hilbert space theory and computers. It is perfectly possible to imagine an alternative world with the former but without the latter. I will leave to those more capable than me the imagining of mathematics without Hilbert space theory, not because of any central position of the latter but because the edifice of mathematics is somewhat like a house of cards -- do not tamper too much lest it all falls down.
The utilitarian view drives a wedge between pure and applied mathematics, which is most unfortunate for at least two reasons. The first is the implied idea that the application of mathematics is somehow "impure" with all its emotionally charged overtones of vice and barbarism. The second and more substantial one is that there simply is no such thing as applied mathematics, there is only mathematics, period. What some call applied mathematics is more like a two stage process of developing mathematics at just about the point where it can be applied to solve some problem of another discipline. The two stages are necessarily intermingled, coexist within the same person (even in the same brain slice) and cannot be easily separated, but they are conceptually different, for one because they demand a different set of skills, not to mention a different type of knowledge and expertise.
At the root of this confusion is the failure to recognize the autonomous structure of mathematics. Mathematics arose as a comment on that common field of experience we usually call reality, but very early in its history it has shed off those shabby trappings. Its object of study is what we could call, lacking a better word, and with no implied adherence to any version of platonism (not that platonism is bad; it actually has a lot to recommend it), the mathematical universe. It has its own specific conceptual framework and it unfolds and develops according to its own internal laws. Its most far-reaching organizational principle is the axiomatic-deductive method; it was handed down to us by Euclid and there are no signs that it will be replaced by something else. Its standards of value are all its own and not borrowed ready-made from neighboring disciplines. What constitutes good mathematics may very well be bad economics, physics, etc. The standards are different and there is little point in confusing them, unless of course, confusion is the point.
The personal reasons why someone wishes to do mathematics are I guess, no different in kind from the reasons why someone wishes to do research in biology or history or chinese literature, and can equally vary from the pursuit of a precarious sublime to the more prosaic but painfully true fact that there simply may be nothing else that he or she can do with anything approaching a modest competence. Personally, I freely admit that I live in the proverbial Ivory Tower. In its defence, I would like to say that they make up splendid habitations and although the air is somewhat rarefied, it is a damn fine view from up here. But Society as a whole is impervious to these protestations; it really is irrelevant wether a mathematician is a selfish hedonist or The Great Benefactor of Mankind, wishing to fight hunger and ignorance and bring everlasting peace to the world. This vaunted nobility does not make him any the better.
In my experience, the uses and value of mathematics, like of any other scholarly pursuit, can be experienced in practice, but such questions do not have a direct answer, or whatever answers can be rehearsed, while no doubt eloquent and evidence of a touching faith, are only intelligible to those already converted. I am constantly reminded of my own despair at my utter inability to convey to my non-mathematician friends the excitement, the bewilderment, the sense of wide-eyed wonder; only the dearth, the dregs, the drudge. And the answers, if any there are, must always be qualified by the remembrance that nothing is obtained from nothing and the freedom to think about mathematics must be bought at the expense of the community. But freedom is not the same as value and to repeat myself, questions of value in mathematics qua mathematics cannot be decided by any promises of present or future applications, which are largely just the operation of the power of wishful thinking. Dr. Johnson defined a lexicographer as a "maker of dictionaries" and then added with more melancholy than humor "a harmless drudge". Dr. Johnson could very well have barked a similar comment in the direction of all scholars in general and mathematicians in particular, and in all probability with even more propriety as the subject itself can hardly provide a single topic of debate at polite dinner tables. On the other hand, I would like to point out that maintaining a mathematician costs Society very little, especially in comparison with the allowance for colleagues of other professions that will go unnamed such as physics. The needs of a mathematician are very frugal consisting as they mainly do, in time to think, a chair to sit, a generous supply of pen and paper, maybe a small class of five to ten students say, like so many lab rats on which to test one's own understanding.
Since Antiquity, mathematics has its place secured in the course of studia liberalia or liberal studies. These were the studies undertaken not for the very laudable purpose of getting a job but because they were worthy of a free man. "Liberal" has the same root as the verb "to liberate," which can only mean that one of the purposes of education is to free us from the compulsions of habit and prejudice. Are these ideals dead to us now? I surely hope not.
Regards, G. Rodrigues
Besides Hardy's, another wonderful essay on this and related topics is "The Study of Mathematics" by Bertrand Russell, available online for example here. I recommend the whole essay, but the part that addresses your question most directly is maybe this: "mathematics takes us still further from what is human, into the region of absolute necessity, to which not only the actual world, but every possible world, must conform." The goal of mathematics, then, is to understand the most general laws of nature possible.
So 2+2=4 is more general than the law of gravity because in a possible world gravity could work backward, but 2+2 can't equal anything else. Of course there are logical difficulties with statements such as this, but the goal is to understand truths of the greatest possible generality.
In practice it tends to be easier to work with special cases and examples, and so that is what mathematicians do. But the goal is always to identify the general underlying principle which ties together the special cases.
My try:
Finding, understanding and characterising models that can (eventually) be used to describe and solve less abstract problems.
I've always viewed pure mathematics as somewhat like the R in R&D. We like to determine what is possible, not what we can develop into something practical (useful within mathematics can be a goal, but not useful in the real world). Someday, someone may come along and say "Oh, by the way, do you have ... ?", and we might be able to say "As a matter of fact, we do", but we won't be hurt if that day never comes.
I was a dancer for a while, I did it because "I had to". There was no earthly value to what I did, but the creative and physical challenge was tremendous (and irresistible). Picking up on something Arturo said in his response, when two of my children were looking at colleges to study musical theatre, a frequent question asked by parents at Q&A sessions was "Should my child also major in something to fall back on?", and the answer always was "If they feel the need for a safety net, they shouldn't be doing theatre." I think anyone in a creative discipline has to have the "need" to do it. We as mathematicians are no different.
As a kid I loved maths. Just because it was challenging my mind to work in a logical fashion.
There's no goal to maths. Mostly nobody who studies it deep enough expect to become a John Nash and get anything back in a life time. Mathematicians do it just for the heck of it. Nothing else.
It's probably cheaper to let us do mathematics, than to pay for mental care.
Mathematics are a language, a form of thinking that emphasis absolute logic and reasoning, so in a way, mathematicians are explorers of the land of the truth.
The real purpose of mathematics is to see up to where logical thinking can bring us, what we can build with it, what we can simplify, what we can be absolutely sure of.
It's not just a tool you can express physical phenomenons behaviors, make programs runs or build better cars; maths are the expression of the fundamental part of what makes us thinking beings.
It's not just the plain and lame "1+1=2", there are a lot of deeper and more abstract reasoning you can come with in maths, the hard part is always trying to get a grasp of what mathematicians already did.
I don't think math have a goal in particular, a better question is "what goal can we serve by using maths ?", and the answer would be: "just invent a goal, and maths will eventually lead you to an answer.".
Remember physics problem can be solved without maths: most of the time, someone made some maths about something, and later someone found out it has some use in physics. Other times we have a problem in physics, and we still don't have any maths solution.
The question you've asked is actually a philosophical question, so it requires a philosophical answer. If we look abstractly at what mathematicians do, they are providing "scientific explanations" of pieces of mathematics, so:
The goal is to provide a satisfactory scientific explanation of mathematics.
There is a large literature on Scientific Explanation in philosophy. There are three nice articles in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy to provide a start:
The first, on scientific explanation in mathematics in particular: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mathematics-explanation/
The second, on the philosophy of mathematics generally, which gives a scholarly treatment of many of the concepts in prior posts on this question: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/philosophy-mathematics/
The third, on scientific explanation more generally: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scientific-explanation/
This is not directly answering your question, but it might be interesting for those asking the question. One reason for doing mathematics are applications in natural science. I expected the article to answere more questions, but I want to recommend it, though:
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences
I've been retired for some time. I spent a good deal of effort looking for the meaning of things, and tried more endeavors than I would like to think of thinking doing this or that will resolve all issues. Well, for me anyway, nothing worked.
Then by a stroke of luck, I came across a set of beautiful lecture notes taught by Fields Medal winner Vaughan Jones. I hit the jackpot. Math seems to me to be the only query where there is an answer - indisputable. The joy of getting anything (rare though it might be for me) is undeniable.
Anyone can do it, anywhere, any time. There is a massive supportive community, welcoming to all participants (witness here).
What better way to know you're alive.
I used to hate math in high school and as an undergrad. Now in grad school I've discovered that math can help me probe mysteries that until now were beyond my reach.
Sure mathematicians might be more as Hilbert describes them. But for scientists and engineers, math is another very powerful tool that we can adapt to our specific needs. So if it weren't for those mathematicians (past and present), we would be poorer for the lack of an important tool.
Mathematics, indeed, cannot be translated; and, therefore, it is the goal of mathematicians to preserve the language of mathematics; for we would not be at the trouble to learn a new language if we could have all that is written in it just as well in a translation. But as the beauties of mathematics cannot be preserved in any language except that in which it was originally written, we must therefore learn mathematics as a language.
It is quite simple. Consider your question. What's the goal of mathematics?
Why Mathematics? This is a simple as the question can get.
Its about questions. How? what? where? when? why? Think about some of the symbols used for those question words. (t)=when f(x)=what/where... And those are high school math symbols.
Mathematics is just a tool to answer questions
Mathematics is probably the best tool at solving some problems.
It does not really get more complicated then that. A tool and a system to solve problems and answer questions. As long as people ask questions, as long as people seek answers there will be maths.
Thank you for your interest in this question.
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85 per cent of the population in Kautokeino, which lies in the vast county of Finnmark, have Sami as their first language, and one third of the people work with reindeer, which is also the main industry.
Experience a different and exotic cultureof the Sami. The Sami culture is vivid and authentic even in the modern society of to day. The famous Easter festival in Kautokeino is a yearly event with historical traditions. Easter was traditionally the time of year when the Sami, from all over the Sapmi region, congregated in the reindeer capital Kautokeino. The end of a long, cold and dark winter was celebrated and one took part in the religious feasts and the high season of weddings.
In winter time and the arctic night with northern lights and summer with constantly daylight and midnight sun, you can experience the nature at its most extreme; a winter's night spent in a lavvu (a Sami tent), a summer's evening at one of the numerous lakes fishing or watching reindeer race at Easter.
Kautokeino is a centre for research and education with establishments such as the Sami College, the Nordic Sami Institute, the Food Control Authority and the centre for indigenous populations. The borough is bi-lingual and both Sami and Norwegian are used on all official documents and in all meetings.
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Commissioner Rosenworcel's Remarks at Rural Telecom Meeting & Expo
Download OptionsReleased: February 4, 2013
FEBRUARY 4, 2013Thank you, Shirley Bloomfield, for your kind introduction. Thank you also to the
National Telecommunications Cooperative Association and the Organization for the Promotion
and Advancement of Small Telecommunications Companies for inviting me to join you today in
I am excited to be here at the first Rural Telecom Industry Meeting & EXPO. When you
heard the Super Bowl MVP say last night that he would be going to Disneyworld, you may have
gotten your hopes up—but, alas, instead you've got me.
As Shirley mentioned, I'm relatively new to this job. But I am not new to the issues
facing rural carriers. I saw them when I worked up on Capitol Hill, down in the trenches at the
Commission, and in the private sector. In fact, I've been around these issues long enough to
know that as the owners, operators, and employees of the nation's rural telecommunications
companies, you are not afraid of a challenge.
Rural carriers serve less than five percent of the nation's access lines, but their service
areas cover more than 40 percent of the nation's land mass. Many of you operate on tough
terrain. You provide service in difficult weather. You work under real financial constraints.
Every day you keep people connected despite these challenges. It's no easy feat.
I know. Because in my early days as a Commissioner, I made it a priority to get out of
Washington and see communications in far corners of the country. In Alaska, at a school in a
village 30 miles north of the Arctic Circle, I saw how Internet connectivity is remaking
education, connecting students to learning opportunities world-wide. In a nearby village, I met a
college graduate able to return home and start an online business selling local products. In
Vermont, I saw how some of our most rural communities have the nation's most advanced
systems for 911 calls. And in California I learned how telemedicine can bring improved
healthcare to the state's rural communities—if they have the facilities and bandwidth necessary
to provide service.
So I know that your efforts have already brought communications to some of America's
hardest-to-reach communities. In doing so, you have created new opportunities for jobs,
education, healthcare, and social and civic engagement. This is a great achievement—one you
can be proud of.
But there is no rest for the weary. Laurels are not, in fact, good resting locales. Because
communications markets are changing at a breathtaking pace. Time marches on, technology
advances, and there is work to do every day to make sure that our rural communities are not left
It's a good thing that you are not afraid of a challenge—and neither am I. Because the
issues before the Commission are challenging and your voice is essential.
So today I want to start with two big things that I expect will occupy the Commission this
year—spectrum incentive auctions and the transition to Internet Protocol technology. Then I
want to follow up by talking more explicitly about something close to home and your hearts—
the nature of universal service.
First up, incentive auctions.
It is no secret that the demands on our airwaves are growing. Look around and the
reasons why are obvious. We are now a nation with more wireless phones than people. Add to
this that one in five households now has a tablet computer. But this is only the tip of the
proverbial iceberg. Because what is emerging is a whole new world of 50 billion wirelessly
interconnected devices—the coming Internet of Things.
This means we are facing a seismic shift in the demand for our airwaves. To understand
how we will manage this challenge going forward, it is useful to briefly look back.
For nearly two decades, the Commission has led the world with its commercial spectrum
auctions. We have held more than 80 auctions, issued more than 36,000 licenses, and raised
more than $50 billion for the United States Treasury. Our efforts are a model for wireless
providers and governments around the globe.
Going forward we have a new kind of spectrum auction on the not-too-distant horizon.
Courtesy of Congress and the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act, the Commission
now has the ability to conduct spectrum incentive auctions. This is different. How? We are
now permitted to provide incentives to existing spectrum licensees to voluntarily return some or
all of their airwaves in exchange for a portion of the revenue from the subsequent re-auction of
those airwaves for new commercial uses.
This is a smart way to make efficient use of spectrum, which is a limited government
resource. And this is instructive. Because across the board in communications we are going to
have to look for new and creative ways to make use of scarce government resources.
But make no mistake, these auctions are an epic undertaking. They will require a special
brew of economics, law, and engineering. Our rulemaking process is just underway. It will
consume a lot of energy to do this well—and do this right.
It also will require a lot of good ideas from anyone and everyone with interest in
spectrum. I know many of you provide wireless services to your customers. I know those of you
who do not may be considering how to do so. The 600 MHz spectrum that will be available
through this auction is well-suited for rural applications. It has great propagation characteristics
because it can cover vast distances with limited tower construction. So I encourage you to give
us your best ideas and help us develop the best incentive auction policies possible.
Next, I want to talk about what Washington calls the IP transition. Today we have the
public switched telephone network and an emerging IP ecosystem. They coexist. They are
jointly responsible for carrying our communications.
But the movement from Time Division Multiplexing to IP platforms is no mystery to
you. You know that we are in transitional times. You see it at home and across the country. The
number of circuit-switched lines is declining, the number of VoIP subscriptions is growing, and
one in three households has cut the cord entirely, with their wireless phone their only phone.
The ways consumers choose to connect are growing more diverse, and so are the networks over
which our conversations and content travel.
So in a transitional time, how do we apply the law? How do we approach regulation so
that we inspire investment in the technologies that will carry us to the future? And how do we
do it so that consumers everywhere—including in rural America—have access to the full range
of opportunity that comes with that investment?
Big questions. They are squarely before the agency right now. We have a Technology
Transitions Task Force that will look broadly at these issues. We have a Technological Advisory
Committee assessing the state of the public switched telephone network. We have two petitions
before us that urge the agency to consider the TDM to IP transition. And we have similar
interest from our state counterparts, who through the National Association of Regulatory Utility
Commissioners have assembled a group to consider federalism, telecommunications, and the role
of the states. We are all wrestling with applying the laws of the present to the networks of the
future, and we must make choices that inspire confidence and private investment in our nation's
To this end, it is important that we do not get lost in legal minutia. The evolution of our
communications networks is not simply a set of arcane legal issues before the agency. It is what
you work with every day. It is about the essential infrastructure of communications in the digital
In Washington, we will undermine digital age investment if we are not clear. So as we
develop a framework for the IP transition, let me be clear. I believe four fundamental criteria—
grounded in the law—should guide us.
First, public safety is paramount. In the very first sentence of the Communications Act,
Congress instructed the Commission to make available, "to all the people of the United States . .
. a rapid, efficient, Nation-wide, and world-wide radio and communication service" in order to
promote the "safety of life and property." In light of this directive, any technological or network
transition must, first and foremost, be judged by its ultimate impact on public safety and network
As I mentioned just a minute ago, consumers are migrating to wireless and IP services.
That means that they are choosing to go without the independent electrical source that
traditionally powered copper plant. Our new wireless and IP technologies are dependent on
commercial power. When that goes out, so do connections. But I think that when consumers
switch to new networks, they should not have to sacrifice safety in the process.
So as I have said before, it is time for an honest conversation about network reliability in
the wireless and digital age. It is time to ask hard questions about back-up power, and how to
make sure our networks are more dependable when we need them most. We also need to make
sure that consumers understand the benefits—and limitations—of new technologies when they
reach out for emergency assistance.
On the East Coast, Hurricane Sandy demonstrated this need with painful clarity. But it
does not matter where you live. Mother Nature's wrath knows no borders. So we must make
sure our networks everywhere help keep us strong, connected, and safe.
Second, universal access is essential. No matter who you are or where you live,
prosperity in the 21st century will require access to broadband services. The Commission's
ongoing efforts to promote broadband deployment and adoption are built on this simple truth.
But as we transition to new technologies, we must ensure that no American is left behind.
At least ten states have enacted legislation to relieve carrier of last resort obligations. We must
understand what this means. We need to understand how it impacts rural service and rural
consumers. Because as a matter of public policy, we must make sure that modern
communications are available in urban America, rural America, and everything in between.
Third, competitive markets are fundamental. They inspire private sector investment and
innovation. But we cannot forget a key element of the Telecommunications Act that has made
our patchwork of competitive telecommunications networks work seamlessly: interconnection.
So we must monitor IP interconnection and ensure that network providers negotiate in good
Fourth and finally, consumer protection is always in the public interest. In a transitional
world, consumers rely on both old and new technologies. We need to help consumers
understand what different technologies offer and help them make good choices.
Over the long haul, as we assess changes in the public switched telephone network, I
think these four principles—public safety, universal access, competition, and consumer
protection—are good guideposts. I think we can work within this framework and promote
confidence in network investment. But the conversation in Washington about IP network
transition is only getting started. So I want to issue you an invitation—to get involved.
Finally, I want to talk about universal service.
Universal service is cherished in communications. After all, it was back in 1934 when
Congress first directed the Commission to make "communication by wire and radio" available,
"so far as possible, to all the people of the United States." And it was Congress who expanded
on this notion by adding new principles to guide universal service policy in 1996. As a result,
today, the duty to preserve and advance universal service is the law of the land.
Technology changes, but these basic legal principles have not. So how do we preserve
and advance universal service in a transitional time? When the networks of old have multiplied,
when the ways of reaching out feel infinite, how do we honor this cherished social contract?
These are also big questions. So let me start with the Commission's effort about a year
ago to update its high-cost universal service and intercarrier compensation system. It was
historic. Though it predated my arrival at the agency, I commend my colleagues for this effort.
They refocused the fund from last century's technology on to the broadband and wireless
communications challenges of this century. They put it on a budget. And they increased
accountability throughout.
But as I've said before, I worry that our reforms to the high-cost universal service system
are extremely complex. I fear that this complexity can deny rural carriers dependent on them the
certainty they need to confidently invest in their network infrastructure. So when opportunities
arise to simplify our rules in a manner that is fiscally sound, good for rural consumers and bound
to inspire investment—we should seize them. Our policies must inspire confidence to invest in
broadband and wireless infrastructure, now, and as we develop the next phase of reform in the
Connect America Fund and Mobility Fund in the future.
On this front, I have good news to report. Some time back, I recommended adjustments
to the universal service reforms for rural carriers the Commission put in place last year.
Specifically, I called for combining the two separate capital and operating expense benchmarks
into one benchmark to simplify the regression analysis and provide carriers with flexibility to
meet our new limits. In addition, I said we should take a hard look at keeping these benchmarks
in place for a longer period of time, instead of resetting them annually. I think these kind of
adjustments will help ensure a more "predictable" and "sufficient" system—one that provides
carriers with more confidence to invest in broadband infrastructure. So I commend the
Chairman and my colleagues for approving an order last week that puts these changes in place.
It will be released soon and you will get the opportunity to judge for yourself.
Now that I've told you about the upcoming universal service benchmark decision, let me
tell you about one more universal service rulemaking we have on deck. It involves rural call
For some time, rural carriers have been complaining about dropped calls, missed calls,
and connections that fail. This is a problem. After all, failure to complete calls to your
subscribers can cut families of from relatives in rural areas, lead rural businesses to lose
customers, and create dangerous delays for public safety communications.
For some time, you have raised your voices to complain. You surveyed your community
and found that 80 percent of you have experienced some problem with rural call completion.
You suspected something wrong was going on. We have investigated. You are right.
So let me report some more good news. Very shortly the Commission will release a
thoughtful rulemaking addressing this problem. It proposes new record-keeping requirements.
This means that when calls fail or quality is degraded in rural areas, the Commission will have
the data necessary to go after bad actors, vigorously enforce its rules, and bring an end to this
problem. I support it, and encourage you to take a look when it is released very soon.
So there you have it. In a place where the talk is typically about a magical kingdom and a
cartoon mouse, I have loaded you down with the real-world challenges of communications
policy. Early in the morning, no less. Now these issues may not be easy, but they are important.
Because how the Commission proceeds with spectrum policy affects communications in rural
America. Because how the Commission grapples with applying its rules to new IP platforms
affects communications in rural America. Because how the Commission wrestles with the
challenges of universal service in a transitional time affects communications in rural America.
Because these issues are too important to leave only to those of us in Washington.
So speak up, get involved, and be a part of making sure that communications
opportunities in the digital age are available everywhere. I think together we can do great things.
My office is open and I welcome your input.
Thank you.
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text: After winning the 1975 competition, Schwarzenegger announced his retirement from competitive bodybuilding; this was also depicted in Pumping Iron. Frank Zane won the 1977, 1978, and 1979 competitions. While not as physically massive as previous competitors such as Schwarzenegger, Oliva, or Ferrigno, Zane developed his physique to highlight symmetry, aesthetics, and definition. As such, Zane was able to defeat opponents who exceeded his own muscle-mass but lacked his level of muscular definition. In 1980, Schwarzenegger came out of retirement to win the Sandow trophy yet again. Schwarzenegger had been a late entry into the competition, and his competitors did not know of his intentions to compete. The following year, Franco Columbu was victorious. Chris Dickerson won the 1982 competition, Samir Bannout won the 1983 competition, and Lee Haney won a record-setting eight competitions, starting in 1984. -Wiki-


text:
Goodreads and OCLC work together to provide greater visibility for public libraries online
OCLC is pleased to announce that it has expanded its strategic partnership with Goodreads, the world's largest site for readers and book recommendations, to help provide greater visibility for all libraries.
The new agreement pledges to improve Goodreads members' experience of finding fresh, new things to read through libraries. It will also provide libraries with a way to reach this key group of dedicated readers through social media. As a WorldCat.org traffic partner since 2007, Goodreads has sent more than 5 million Web referrals to WorldCat.org.
"We are always looking to give the Goodreads community even more ways to connect with their favorite titles and authors," explains Patrick Brown, Community Manager for Goodreads. "Linking to libraries through WorldCat and OCLC has always been important to Goodreads, and this agreement helps ensure that our more than 12 million members find their local library and that their local library finds them."
The expanded partnership includes several components:
- A joint marketing effort to get libraries to join the Goodreads site and create a library "group" page, which will now be listed at the top of the groups page.
- Engagement reports from Goodreads that show how many libraries have joined and created group pages and how fast membership is growing for individual libraries on Goodreads.
- An upcoming webinar held specifically for librarians and library staff members, to learn more about Goodreads and how to optimize the library's presence.
- Library-specific promotional materials to encourage patron participation in the Goodreads Choice Awards 2012 during the month of November.
- A discussion session planned for ALA Midwinter 2013 to hear library feedback and solicit ideas for additional visibility and collaboration.
"This partnership truly starts to deliver on the power of exposing libraries where potential library users—people who love books and will use libraries—go," says Cindy Cunningham, Director of Partner Programs for OCLC. "The APIs and data available through the WorldShare Platform make it simple for Goodreads to include the aggregated library data of the cooperative in their user experience, which delivers value back to both the end-user and to the participating libraries. I am thrilled to think how much more visible libraries will be on the consumer Web, at a massive scale, as we embark upon this new chapter of our relationship with Goodreads."
The Webinar for librarians and library staff members is planned for November 15, 2012 at 2:00 pm ET. Speakers from both Goodreads and OCLC will provide details of the partnership, including the new functionality available on Goodreads. A Goodreads staff member will walk libraries through how to join this global social booksite and how to take advantage of hosting discussions, multiple recommendation threads, photos, videos and even reading contests and surveys on the Goodreads group pages. The Webinar is free, but library staff members are encouraged to register.
For additional information about the Goodreads-OCLC partnership and how your library can make the most of it, please visit the partnership web page.
About Goodreads
Goodreads is the largest site for readers and book recommendations in the world. Loved by avid and casual readers alike, Goodreads has more than 12 million members who have added more than 410 million books to their shelves. Goodreads users can find their next favorite book, see what their friends are reading, keep track of what want to read and have read, form book clubs and much more. Launched in January 2007, Goodreads is a privately owned company.