text:
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Noble gases are chemically neutral. They don't react with anything.
So, how were they discovered?
Noble gases are chemically neutral. They don't react with anything.
So, how were they discovered?
First of all, this is not true that noble gases do not form any compounds -- it can be done with some chemical tricks, usually using fluorine and some hell conditions.
Yet, you don't need any chemistry to detect a new element -- helium was for instance first spotted in the sunlight spectrum. The isolation can also be made by physical means only; the most efficient idea is to cool down air isolating each new fraction that turns into liquid, but there are dozens of other.
The history is summed up in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_gas#History . The concept of noble gas emerged from the discovery of argon.
As said by mpq, the first to be seen spectroscopically was Helium. Then Argon was detected as a component of the air less reactive than nitrogen (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon#History ).

subset: commoncrawl


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I wonder if there's a rule for which form of "hair" should I use, For example:
Sie hat dunkle Haare.
I'd use the singular form there, as in the English equivalent:
She's got dark hair.
I wonder if there's a rule for which form of "hair" should I use, For example:
I'd use the singular form there, as in the English equivalent:
Of course there is a difference in using singular or plural form of "Haar". All dictionaries are consistent in that using "Haar" in singular means all of the scalp hair of a human being. And they all say that it ought to be used in singular in that meaning:
Note that in the majority of examples given (including references from well-knownGerman authors) Haar is used in singular. Exceptions may be when it is not about the hair on the head as a whole but when something is done with every single hair of them.
Therefore the grammatically correct usage of "Haar" in the meaning of the question would be using it in singular. When teaching German grammar we need to take care that we don't teach colloquial usage even if this may be used and understood widely.
The only grammatically correct usage in the example sentence therefore is:
I'll try to contribute another view, since I don't think the previous answers have addressed all the subtleties.
It's already been mentioned that there are cases where only one form is appropriate. Adjectives like "volles" (full), "schütteres" (sparse), "dichtes" (dense), "lichtes" (sparse) that apply to the body of hair as a whole only go with "Haar" in the singular; you'll find some hits for the plural forms on Google, but I'd say that borders on being wrong. On the other hand, anything that treats the hairs individually requires the plural; I think a realiable rule for this is that one would always use the plural in German if one would use it in English: you find hairs in the drain, not hair, and you split hairs, not hair; the same in German.
The cases that allow either usage are the ones where the adjective could be applied either to the individual hairs or to the body of hair as a whole. Examples are "rote(s)", "wellige(s)", "lange(s)", "dunkle(s)".
In a comment, tohuwawohu wrote that "Du hast schöne Haare" sounds quite odd. I disagree; I would probably rather say "Du hast schöne Haare" than "Du hast schönes Haar", and Google also has a lot more hits for the former. If I'm right on that, then that could be seen as an exception from the general rule I described above, since being beautiful seems more like something one would apply to the body of hair as a whole than to an individual hair.
An aspect that hasn't been mentioned yet is that in the cases where both forms are possible, the singular is slightly obsolescent and restricted to more poetic language. For instance, "Ein Jüngling mit roten Haaren" sounds more incongruous than "Ein Jüngling mit rotem Haar" ("Jüngling" being an archaic word), whereas it's hard to imagine a kid coming home from school and telling her parents that there's a new kid "mit rotem Haar" in school.
IMHO the only rule applying here is: if you want to refer to certain, "particular" hairs, plural is necessary:
In every other case i can think of, the singular form is fine, and it's even better in matters of style:
sounds better to me than
Wictionary tells that "Haar" is a singulare tantum - i'm not sure about it, because there's also a plural form commonly used besides the singular.
It's really hairsplitting if you use
and imho more a question of convention/linguistic evolution which one is more used. In English hair seems more common ("Hair" musical comes to my mind)
also wins vs. "Haar machen" in Google
is a very common phrase (volle Haare not!)
a common idiom. Here plural makes no sense as you want to point out you didn't bend a single hair. Same with Haarspalterei
A interesting similar case are the
Here the plural is normally used in most formulations. So I don't see any grammar rule solving this "issue", when Haar/Wimpern has to be used in Singular/Plural (as objects with same structure), again it's hairsplitting to me...
Perhaps it is worth mentioning explicitly that in this instance German is more forgiving than English:
In English, the use of the plural usually implies that the hairs (!) in question are from a different body part than the head. In German it doesn't.
NB: Including animal hair in this discussion would open an even larger can of worms: Kamelhaar is usually singular, Hunde- or Katzenhaare is singular only in compounds like Katzenhaarallergie. My point: looking for rules about how individual words behave sometimes is futile.
Just remember that "Haar" sounds better in writing and as a non-native it's usually a good idea to use standard if in doubt.
If the adjective can only refer to a collection of hairs, then singular is usually obligatory.
sparse hair
If the adjective can both refer to a single hair or to the collection of hairs, then both forms are possible and may convey additional information, in particular, the singular has a more detached flavor.
In informal speech, the singular is practically only used in idioms.
The Udo Jürgens song "17 Jahr, blondes Haar" is a very poor counterexample, because noone uses "Jahr" instead of "Jahre", either, when the meter of the poem does not demand it. Compare the song lyrics "Wir haben noch Wind in den Haaren, Wind von Bergen und See.", for a situation where rhyme and meter does not demand the singular.


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There are two long-term multi-storey car parks (car parks P2 and P3) at the airport; P2 is situated in front of Terminal 2. A short-term/medium-term multi-storey car park P1 is situated in front of Terminal 1 and a car park, P-Nord, between car parks P2 and P3, is next to Terminal 2. There is a 24-hour shuttle bus from car park P3 to the terminals. There are disabled spaces and parking for women in car park P2; reservations can be made for women drivers and for security-monitored exclusive spaces (tel: (022) 0340 2116).
Car hire
Car hire companies include Avis and Sixt. All car hire agencies are located in Terminal 1 Arrivals Area D.


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Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
"Location"="D:\\Games\\Jade Empire"
Search string Result
-------------- ----------------------------
p_li01 Files of any type with the name "p_li01".
p_li01.* Same as above
p_li01.txb All TXB files with the name "p_li01.txb"
*p_li Files of any type that ends with "p_li", e.g. "j00_c_app_li.ncs"
*p_li.ncs All NCS files that ends with "p_li", e.g. "j00_c_app_li.ncs"
p_li* Files of any type that starts with "p_li", e.g. "p_li01.txb" and "P_Ling_.mdl".
p_li*.txb TXB files where the name starts with "pi_li", e.g. "p_li01.txb" and "p_lingh01.txb"
*p_li* Files of any type containing "p_li" somewhere in the name, e.g. "j01p_lion_altar.pla" and "p_li01.txb"
p_li*01 Files of any type starting with "p_li" and ending with "01", e.g. "p_li01.txb", "p_lih01.txb" and "p_lingx01.txb"
p_li*01.txb Same as above, but only finds TXB files.
p_li*h*01 Files starting with "p_li", followed by anything, then an "h", followed by anything and then ending with "01", e.g. "p_lih01.txb" and "p_lingh01.txb".
*.2da All files of the 2DA file type, regardless of name
*.* All files in the game data (might take some time to list, there are many)


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Cup and Stim - 6cm - White (CS03)
Cupping and stimulation with no flame or hand pump. Simply pressing the
top with the thumb at any pressure to adjust the suction force to
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electrode ring to allow stimulation by TENS unit simultaneously.
to carry and store, suitable for travel or home use. Can adopt to any
TENS stimulator with 2mm pin cables (not supplied).
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I have heard it said many times in religious/spiritual and/or typical conversation that "there is more to know than that which is written [in the bible]." Is this comment scripturally inspired? If so where can the comment or its inspiration be found in scripture?
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- Anybody can ask a question
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Try the very last verse of the book of John:
Beside that, it is obvious that much of the minutia of daily life is missing from the Bible.
From Orthodox catechism
2 John 1:12
Romans 10:17
Matthew 28:19,20
2 Timothy 2:2
1 Corinthians 11:2
2 Thessalonians 2:15
In Holy Tradition of Orthodoxy the valid interpretation of the Scripture can be made only by Holy Spirit, through saints. Other than their interpretations, are just opinions. According to this approach, inside Orthodox church cannot exist 2 different confessions, both them valid, because Holy Spirit cannot separate or contradict Himself.
1 Corinthians 3:16
The Bible is a collection of books established inside Holy Tradition of the Orthodox church. These books where collected by the disciples of the apostles, transmitted to the disciples of the disciples, in so on, for almost 4 centuries. In this time a multitude of apocriphal writtings, came up, and recognition of the autentic books became a problem inside the church. The canon of the Bible were proposed to by the saint Athanasios the Great (+373), saint Gregory the Teologian (+389), saint Amphilochios (+403). Because only temples of the Holy Spirit could recognize which are the books inspirated by Holy Spirit, the holy fathers approved in ecumenic councils (Laodicea, Carthage) which books can be included in Holy Scripture. (http://symeon-anthony.info/BibleCanon/CanonicalBibleBooks.htm)
The Canon of the Holy Bible, was only one canon from a multitude of other canons. (http://theocacna.tripod.com/canonsaa.htm) Saint Atanasios the Great which proposed the canon of Holy Scripture most closed by the one accepted today wasn't an adept of "Sola Scriptura", because he wrote for the church another book called: "The life of Saint Anthony the Great", which was his spiritual father. And the canon 46 of council from Cathage states one of the practice of the apostolic church:
In Orthodox Tradition the life of the martyrs and the teachings of holy fathers of the egyptian desert or sinai are another precious tresures similar to the Bible. The Bible can be seen as the THEORY, and the life of the martyrs and desert fathers can be seen as the PRACTICE.
The scripture does in fact speak plainly on this issue, and the fact that so many are ignoring it concerns me greatly. The scriptures say - 1 Corinthians 4:6
"Now these things, brethren, I have figuratively transferred to myself and Apollos for your sakes, that you may learn in us not to think beyond what is written, that none of you may be puffed up on behalf of one against the other."
And 2nd Corinthians 1:13-14 goes on to further illustrate this point.
The moment you get outside of what is written, you fall into the trap of the enemy, sound doctrine is dismissed and all manner of teachings pop up, inspired by men and NOT the Living God. Scripture provides us with the context to view all doctrine, and once you get outside of it and allow so-called individual revelation to enter in you set yourself up for all manner of heretical teachings, such as the so called Gospel of Mary, or Gospel of Judas. Scripture is the boundary, if its not written it is not acceptable. Scripture will never contradict scripture.
This tells me we really don't know anything and that there is much more than what is written.
I remember working with children with disabilities and thinking this is what it must be like for God working with us, saying to himself they can't see or understand all these things but I will help them.


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Is there an algorithm that will allow me to numerically compute the limit of a function f(x) in a principled way?
The most naive algorithm would be to continue to compute the function for larger values of x. The first problem is how to figure out the 'large' values for x to compute the function for. How do I know when to stop?
Can we construct some error bars for this calculation perhaps based on some kind of statistical rationale?
Any books for further reading will be much appreciated.


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Man arrested twice
for shoplifting
STEUBENVILLE -A city man was arrested twice in about 90 minutes Sunday for shoplifting alcoholic beverages from stores, City Police reported.
Officers were called to Maryland Market Sunday evening about Jonathan Brown, 23, of 626 Prospect Ave. trying to take alcoholic beverages. Brown was arrested and taken to the county jail, where he was released by corrections officers on his own recognizance.
Officers were called to Speedway on North Third Street about 90 minutes after Brown's first arrest about Brown trying to steal beer, police reported. He again was arrested but Jefferson County Sheriff Fred Abdalla ordered Brown to be held in the county jail until his court appearance in Municipal Court today.
AKC Gun Dog
championship set
BLOOMINGDALE - The American Kennel Club, the nation's largest dog registry, will bring the inaugural AKC Pointing Breed Walking Gun Dog Championship to Mingo Sportsman's Club near Bloomingdale April 27 through May 1.
The event will feature 60 of the country's top Gun Dogs. Seven different pointing breeds will be represented.
The venue at Mingo Sportsman's Club is fast becoming one of the top areas to display pointing dogs, thanks to the efforts of the members of the Mingo Club in managing the courses. Several national events have been held at this location in the past, as the area offers the opportunity to display the qualities that pointing breed owners value in their performance dogs.
"The AKC is pleased to have the opportunity to bring the inaugural AKC Pointing Breed Walking National Championship to Mingo Sportsman's Club," said Tom Maneely, AKC executive field representative.
"The AKC has a 20-year history of hosting a National Championship for dogs where the person handling the dog is mounted on horseback. With this event we want to identify and reward the superior hunting dogs where the dog is handled from foot. I am looking forward to seeing many of the nation's finest bird dogs in competition," Maneely said.
Scrabble session
set for Wednesday
STEUBENVILLE - Area Scrabble enthusiasts will gather Wednesday for their monthly game session in room 1502 at Eastern Gateway Community College.
Play time will run from 12:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. with newcomers welcome and encouraged to bring the board game if they have one. No fees are charged.
Bonus words will be words related to Mother's Day.
For information, call (740) 264-9893.


text:
Release date:
December 21, 2012
Studio: Paramount Pictures
Director: Christopher McQuarrie
MPAA Rating: PG-13 (for violence, language and some drug material)
Screenwriters: Josh Olson, Christopher McQuarrie
Starring: Tom Cruise, Rosamund Pike, David Oyelowo, Richard Jenkins, Alexia Fast, Robert Duvall, Jai Courtney, Werner Herzog
Genre: Thriller
Official website: JackReachermovie.com
Plot Summary:
From The New York Times bestselling author Lee Child comes one of the most compelling heroes to step from novel to screen - ex-military investigator Jack Reacher (Tom Cruise). When a gunman takes five lives in what seems like an open and shut murder case, all evidence points to the suspect in custody. On interrogation, the suspect offers up a single note: "Get Jack Reacher!" So begins an extraordinary chase for the truth, pitting Jack Reacher against an unexpected enemy, with a skill for violence, a secret to keep and a target on Reacher's back.


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Four students from Beer Sheva, Israel will spend the week of October 7, 2012 in New Jersey to study social justice and activism on behalf of children and families, thanks to a new exchange program between Ben Gurion University (BGU) and Rutgers School of Law–Newark. The program brings together a diverse group of American and Israeli student leaders committed to transformative social change within their communities.
The exchange program launched in March 2012 when Clinical Professor of Law Jennifer Rosen Valverde and eight Rutgers Law School students traveled to Israel to learn about the Israeli legal system and children's rights and advocacy. Through lectures, visits to social service agencies and student-run programs for children and families as well as student-student interaction, the trip married abstract theory with practical fieldwork.
As was done in Israel, students will host students in their homes. BGU students will participate in discussions on child welfare, juvenile delinquency, education and special education, and immigration. They also will learn about various social service providers from visits to places including:
Though the exchange represents an intense educational experience, Professor Valverde, aware that groundbreaking ideas are often nurtured through informal interactions, has built into the schedule time for the BGU students to enjoy events with their Rutgers hosts in New Jersey and New York City.
"The program fosters comparative study, increases cultural awareness, and forges partnerships, which prove invaluable as we teach and shape our future leaders," said Professor Valverde. "By offering an experience through which students from both countries can connect, compare, reflect, share ideas, and brainstorm innovative ways of mobilizing support for social justice values and solutions, the exchange program allows ideas to expand beyond existing geographical and mental borders."


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Someone is answering my question and we keep going back and forth in the comments. It would be great if I could request a chat room for us to make it a more efficient discussion in a single click right from that screen (instead of 1. going to chat, 2. creating a room, 3. going back and inviting that person, etc . .)
What is meta?
- Any Stack Exchange user can ask a question
- The community provides support, votes on ideas, and reports bugs
- Your voice helps shape the way Stack Exchange operates
You only need 100 reputation to create a chat room; make one and post the link to it in the comments so the answerer can join.
If you do chat about this, please consider taking the information learned in chat (or the link to the transcript) and summarizing it in the question, so that others can benefit from what you've learned.
I actually like the fact that the comments are posted and are public. We're not here to keep secrets; all information is public. In many cases, the comments add value to the answers either by clarifying them or showing how the final answer may have developed through constructive feedback from other experts.
Now, with that said, if the chat transcript could be automatically appended back to the original question either as a comment or on the side, that could be a cool way to add more value to the question.


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There are many sayings that invert the word order to convey a different meaning.
- "Do you live to work or do you work to live?"
- "He who fails to plan, plans to fail"
Is there a name for this type of saying?
There are many sayings that invert the word order to convey a different meaning.
Is there a name for this type of saying?
Antimetabole is I think what you're after:
It's properly called antimetabole — see the linked page for other examples.
Though I have to say that I've never heard of this term before. The more usual (if you want to call it that) term is chiasmus, although properly that just means a sentence (or longer grammatical unit) that uses a parallel form without necessarily repeating the same words.
Antimetabole is the word for this. Quoting from Wheeler,
Note, while chiasmus is nicely related to antimetabole, epanados really is no more antimetabole than are any of antanaclasis, "the stylistic trope of repeating a single word, but with a different meaning each time", or ploce, "a figure of speech in which a word is separated or repeated by way of emphasis; the repetition of a word functioning as a different part of speech or in different contexts" or conduplicatio, "the repetition of a word in various places throughout a paragraph". Antimetabole is slightly related to anadiplosis, "the repetition of the last word of a preceding clause" via the y repetition in the x y y x pattern of antimetabole.


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A Quote by Laura Kangas on balance, balanced life, living large, life, awareness, choice, energy, freedom, intention, and balance
On the tightrope of life, only one thing allows us to move forward, and that one thing is balance. Without balance we fall into chaos, we fall behind, we miss out on what true choices we have in life.
Balance is acheived through awareness. Awareness of what we have on our plate. What is working and what is not. What feels good and what doesn't. Where we are and where we want to be. With awareness, we have choice, the freedom to choose, free will. It is choice that gives us power. Power to choose. Power which is energy. Energy that allows us to move forward in alignment with our choices. We all want to live a full life, and the key to living a full life is finding the balance.
Contributed by: JoySeeker Laura


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Suppose we have a sequence, { f_n }, of symplectic diffeomorphisms of R^{2n} converging to a function f. By f_n converging to f I mean: f_n converges to f in C^k(B_r) for every r > 0, where B_r is the ball centered at the origin of radius r. Suppose k > 0.
Question: Is f is diffeomorphism? Certainly, f is symplectic and hence a local diffeomorphism, and so my question is really: is f invertible?
Interestingly enough, this is not true if f_n is not symplectic (e.g. take f_n = x/n, which converges to 0 in C^k(B_r) for every r > 0).


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The Rebellion of Jane Clarke (Paperback)
June 2010 Indie Next List
"Jane Clarke is a feisty and forward-looking heroine swept up in the conflicts of Revolutionary War-era Boston. With a great sense of history, romance, and suspense, Sally Gunning knows how to tell a story that one will read with pleasure. The Rebellion of Jane Clarke is a must read!"
— Nan Arroyo, Brewster Book Store, Brewster, MA
Jane Clarke leads a simple yet rich life in the village of Satucket on Cape Cod until her refusal to marry the man her father has picked out as his son-in-law causes an irreparable tear in the family fabric. Banished to Boston to make her living as best she can, Jane enters a strange, bustling city awash with redcoats and rebellious fervor. And soon her new life is complicated by her growing attachment to her frail aunt, her friendship with the bookseller Henry Knox, and the unexpected kindness of British soldiers, which pits her against the townspeople and her own brother, Nate, a law clerk working for John Adams. But it is the infamous Boston Massacre the killing of five colonists by British soldiers on a cold March evening in 1770 that forces Jane to question accepted truths as she confronts the most difficult choice of her life.
Sally Gunning's The Rebellion of Jane Clarke is an unforgettable story of one woman's struggle to find her own place and leave her mark as a new country is born.
About the Author
Sally Gunning lives on Cape Cod with her husband.
Praise For…
"Readers will be swiftly turning the pages, eagerly cheering for the strong-willed widow."
"Quietly compelling . . . . Gunning paints the ethical, emotional, and financial dilemmas of her refreshingly adult characters in surprisingly lively shades of gray."
-Kirkus Reviews
"Provocative . . . Gunning infuses the story with suspense and intrigue [and] resists easy generalizations and stereotypes."
-Publishers Weekly
"Historical fiction at its best."
-Library Journal (starred review)
"Heartrending ... Gunning's vibrant portrayal of Lyddie's journey shows that the pursuit of happiness is not for the faint of heart."
-Boston Globe
"Gunning's exquisite use of language and imaginative scene-setting in times past will keep readers riveted . . . Anyone who loves history, storytelling, and Cape Cod will want to settle in for a long weekend of pleasurable escape."
-Cape Cod Life on BOUND
"Gripping, romantic, historically sound, and completely satisfying...I'll be surprised if I read a better historical novel this year."
-Historical Novels Review (The Historical Novel Society); "Editor's Choice"
"A gifted storyteller . . . has given us a deeply affecting tale of a woman caught between the irresistible currents of her inner truth and the equally powerful strictures of her times."
-Anne LeClaire, author of The Law of Bound Hearts and Entering Normal
"[A] colonial page-turner...horrifying, spellbinding."
-Publishers Weekly
"Unlike many historical novelists, Gunning makes the long-ago feel like this very day. Elegantly, she tells bitter truths -- that dignity and grace and even abiding love can flourish where it seems nothing can grow."
-Jacquelyn Mitchard, author of The Deep End of the Ocean and Still Summer
"The descriptions are vivid; the characters have depth and a little mystery; and the history is accurate, from well-known events to daily living...[a] masterpiece of historical ficition."
-The Patriot Ledger (Quincy, MA) on THE REBELLION OF JANE CLARKE
"[B]lazing...Gunning's fluid writing and attention to the larger issues of human nature...really make this move. Good historical fiction offers new perspectives on old stories. This book succeeds handily at the task."
-Publishers Weekly (starred review) on THE REBELLION OF JANE CLARKE
"This well-researched and lively novel captures the mood of those turbulent [pre-revolutionary] times."
-Library Journal on THE REBELLION OF JANE CLARKE
"Gunning fills her novel with believable and complex characters . . . best of all she's created an intriguing and admirable witness to history in Jane Clarke. "
-BookPage.com on THE REBELLION OF JANE CLARKE
"A wonderful writer…Gunning's attention to historical detail and riveting storytelling make for a compelling and intelligent read. "
-The Cape Cod Times on THE REBELLION OF JANE CLARKE
"Nobody brings the Cape's history alive like Sally Gunning."
-Cape Codder on THE REBELLION OF JANE CLARKE
"Sally Gunning is equally adept at depicting a city on the brink of rebellion, a young woman's coming of age, and the beautiful Cape Cod landscape."
-Historical Novels Review on THE REBELLION OF JANE CLARKE
"Gunning had chosen a turbulent and fascinating period in American history…that suggests interesting philosophical arguments….Jane Clarke [is] a sensitive heroine, insightful enough to tussle with these difficulties."
-Washington Post Book World on THE REBELLION OF JANE CLARKE


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Center on Corporate Governance Hosts Conference on Insider Trading
Scholars, judges, prosecutors, and defense counsel convened at Columbia Law School for a daylong conference examining the past, present, and future of the country's insider trading laws. The event was hosted and sponsored by the Law School's Center on Corporate Governance, which is directed by John C. Coffee Jr., the Adolf A. Berle Professor of Law. Panelists explored shifting insider trading standards in the U.S. and abroad, discussed the Securities and Exchange Commission's current view on insider trading, and shared the perspectives of judges and lawyers who participate in these cases.
The conference coincided with the 50th anniversary of the 1961 Cady, Roberts decision, which set the precedent that individuals with insider information must disclose it or abstain from buying or selling stock. Attendees also honored longtime Columbia Law School professor William L. Cary, former SEC chairman and author of that landmark administrative opinion.
Pulitzer Prize–winning journalist James B. Stewart served as the conference's keynote speaker. His lunchtime address was preceded by a speech from Rochester University President Joel Seligman, who detailed the history of insider trading law and discussed Cary's continuing legacy.
"Five decades after the publication of Cady, Roberts, the decision endures as among the most fundamental in securities fraud enforcement," Seligman said.
Other panels throughout the day focused on judicial scrutiny, insider trading incentives and deterrents, the pros and cons of wiretapping, and how the evolution of insider trading laws can create the potential for defendants to win on appeal.
Law School graduates attending the gathering included, among others, Judge Denise L. Cote '75 of the Southern District of New York; Richard J. Holwell '70, a former Southern District of New York judge; and Gary P. Naftalis '67, head of Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel's litigation department.


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Litchfield Land Trust only in business of housing for bluebirds
The power of the printed word cannot be disputed. But what of the power of the printed wrong word? A Dec. 13 Republican-American article, "Orchids found on trust site," erroneously reported the Litchfield Land Trust is developing environmentally sensitive land for affordable housing. It was the Litchfield Housing Trust that seeks to build. It's ironic, almost, unless you know the Litchfield Land Trust (LLT).
LLT has more than 3,300 acres of conservation land under its stewardship — woodlands, meadows, farmland, forest, wetlands, riverfront, mountain tops, and yes, housing in a sense for birds, bunnies, turtles, eagles, trout — all wildlife that find its habitat disappearing. LLT offers public hiking trails that wind through miles of idyllic countryside and climb to reward the hiker with breathtaking vistas of the Litchfield Hills.
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- In seeking solutions to gun violence, let's turn back to God
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text: Hello! My name is Michele Melcher. I am a professional illustrator based in suburban Philadelphia. Have a look around, check out my portfolio, The Unselfie Project and my blog to catch up on all of my latest work and news. I would love to hear from you. Let's work together and make something great!


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This seems to be one of those tricky examples. I only know one proof which is quite complicated and follows by localizing $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt[3]{2}]$ at different primes and then showing it's a DVR. Does anyone know any simple quick proof?
Easy way to show that $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt[3]{2}]$ is the ring of integers of $\mathbb{Q}[\sqrt[3]{2}]$
The short answer is no, in that you almost certainly have to perform separate checks "one prime at a time." For that matter, there's no really slick of doing the quadratic case, either. You either have to do some grunt work with mod-4 conditions on coefficients of minimal polynomials, etc., or build up the theory of the different, etc., and start hitting problems with bigger hammers. When you get past the quadratic case, the grunt work becomes increasingly tedious (/impossible), and you're only left with hammers. So you need technical lemmas on how to conclude that a subring of a ring of integers is really the whole thing, and I don't think it's possible to do that without considering the various primes which could possibly divide the index. Keith Conrad's notes that Álvaro mentions give one solution (his Lemma 1) -- here's another slightly different approach. At the very least, it avoids working explicitly with local rings, even if it doesn't avoid the fact that philosophically we're working locally anyway.
Let $\mathcal{O}$ be the ring of integers of $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt[3]{2})$. We have $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt[3]{2}]\subset\mathcal{O}$, and we wish to show equality. It suffices to show that for each prime $\mathfrak{p}$ of $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt[3]{2}]$, we have $\mathcal{O}=\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt[3]{2}]+\mathfrak{p}$ (this is basically using Nakayama's Lemma to disguise a collection of local things to check with a collection of global things to check). Since for $\alpha:=\sqrt[3]{2}$, the minimal polynomial of $\alpha$ is $f_\alpha(x)=x^3-2$, we also know that $$ \mathcal{O}\subset \tfrac{1}{f'(\alpha)}\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt[3]{2}]=\frac{1}{3\sqrt[3]{4}}\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt[3]{2}], $$ making it trivial to check the desired equality for everything but $p=2$ and $p=3$. Now (this part is basically the same as in Keith Conrad's notes) we observe that it suffices to demonstrate $p$-Eisenstein polynomials $h_p(x)$ for a generator $x_p\in\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt[3]{2}]$ for $p=2$ and $p=3$. But these are easy to come by: For $p=2$, take $x_2=\sqrt[3]{2}$ and $h_2(x)=f_\alpha(x)$ and for $p=3$, take $x_3=\sqrt[3]{2}+1$ and $h_3(x)=f_\alpha(x-1)$. Ta-da.
It is inescapable that one has to do some work here. The methods sketched by Cam McLeman, and surely what is in KConrad's notes, and also in Lang's Alg No Th, are probably the minimum, because it is not always the case that the ring of integers in $\mathbb Q({\root 3 \of a})$ is $\mathbb Z({\root 3 \of a})$ for square-free $a$. Just as ${1+\sqrt{D}\over 2}$ is an algebraic integer for $D=1\mod 2^2$, ${1+{\root 3\of a}+{\root 3\of a^2}\over 3}$ is an algebraic integer for $a=1\mod 3^2$. Similarly with $3$ replaced by $p$ prime, and so on.
Notations. Let $p$ be a prime number. Let $n$ be an integer. If $n$ is divisible by $p$, but not divisible by $p^2$, we write $p\mid\mid n$.
Let $A$ be a Dedekind domain. Let $P$ be a non-zero prime ideal of $A$. Let $\alpha \in A$. If $\alpha$ is divisible by $P$, but not divisible by $P^2$, we write $P\mid\mid\alpha$.
Let $A$ be an integral domain containing $\mathbb{Z}$. Let $p$ be a prime number. Let $S = \mathbb{Z} - p\mathbb{Z}$. $S$ is a multiplicative subset of $\mathbb{Z}$. We denote by $A_p$ the localization of $A$ with respect to $S$.
Lemma 1. Let $A$ be a discrete valuation ring, $K$ its field of fractions. Let $P$ be the maximal ideal of $A$. Let $L$ be a finite separable extension of $K$. Let $B$ be the integral closure of $A$ in $L$. Suppose $P$ is totally ramified in $L$. Let $Q$ be the unique prime ideal of $B$ lying over $P$. Let $\pi$ be an element of $B$ such that $Q\mid\mid\pi$. Then $B = A[\pi]$.
Proof. Let $n = [L : K]$. Since $PB = Q^n$, $[B/Q : A/P] = 1$. Hence for every $\alpha \in B$, there exists $a_0 \in A$ such that $\alpha \equiv a_0$ (mod $Q$). Consider the congruence equation $\pi x \equiv \alpha - a_0$ (mod $Q^2$). Since $(\pi, Q^2) = Q$ and $\alpha - a_0 \in Q$, there exists a solution $x = a_1 \in A$. Hence $\alpha \equiv a_0 + a_1\pi$ (mod $Q^2$). Similarly there exist $a_0, a_1,\dots, a_{n-1} \in A$ such that $\alpha \equiv a_0 + a_1\pi +\cdots+ a_n\pi^{n-1}$ (mod $Q^n$). Since $PB = Q^n$, $B = A[\pi] + PB$. Let $M = B/A[\pi]$. $M$ is a finitely generated $A$-module. Since $PM = (A[\pi] + PB)/A[\pi] = M$, $M = 0$ by Nakayama's lemma. Hence $B = A[\pi]$. QED
Lemma 2. Let $K$ be an algebraic number field. Let $A$ be the ring of algebraic integers in $K$. Let $p$ be a prime number. Suppose $p$ is totally ramified in $K$. Let $P$ be a prime ideal of $A$ lying over $p$. Let $\pi$ be an element of $A$ such that $P\mid\mid\pi$. Let $S = \mathbb{Z} - p\mathbb{Z}$. Let $\mathbb{Z}_p$ be the localization of $\mathbb{Z}$ with respect to $S$. Let $A_p$ be the localization of $A$ with respect to $S$. Then $A_p = \mathbb{Z}_p[\pi]$.
Proof. Since $A_p$ is integrally closed and integral over $\mathbb{Z}_p$, the assertion follows from Lemma 1. QED
Lemma 3. Let $p$ be a prime number. Let $f(X) = X^n + a_{n-1}X^{n-1} +\cdots+ a_1X + a_0 \in \mathbb{Z}[X]$ be an Eisenstein polynomial at $p$. That is, $p\mid a_i, i = 0,\dots,a_{n-1}$ and $p\mid\mid a_0$. Let $\theta$ be a root of $f(X)$. Let $K = \mathbb{Q}(\theta)$. Let $A$ be the ring of algebraic integers in $K$. Let $P$ be a prime ideal of $A$ lying over $p$.
Then $p$ is totally ramified in $K$ and $P\mid\mid\theta$.
Proof. Since $f(X)$ is irreducible in $\mathbb{Q}[X]$, $n = [K : \mathbb{Q}]$. Let $v_P$ be the discrete valuation associated with $P$. Let $e = v_P(p)$. Since $f(\theta) = 0$ and $p\mid a_i, i = 0,\dots,a_{n-1}$, $\theta^n \equiv 0$ (mod $P$). Hence $\theta\equiv 0$ (mod $P$). Since $p\mid a_i, a_i\theta^i \equiv 0$ (mod $P^{e+1}$) for $i = 1,\dots,a_{n-1}$. Hence $\theta^n + a_0 \equiv 0$ (mod $P^{e+1}$). Since $p\mid\mid a_0$, $v_P(a_0) = e$. Hence $v_P(\theta^n) = e$. On the other hand, $v_P(\theta^n) \geq n$. Hence $e = n$. Hence $v_P(\theta) = 1$ and $p$ is is totally ramified in $K$. QED
Lemma 4. Let $n > 1$ be an integer. Let $m$ be an an integer. Let $p$ be a prime number such that $p\mid\mid m$. Let $\theta$ be a root of $X^n - m$. Let $K = \mathbb{Q}(\theta)$. Let $A$ be the ring of algebraic integers in $K$. Then the following assertions hold.
(1) $X^n - m$ is irreducible in $\mathbb{Q}[X]$.
(2) $p$ is totally ramified in $K$.
(3) Let $P$ be a prime ideal of $A$ lying over $p$. Then $P\mid\mid\theta$.
Proof. $X^n - m$ is an Eisenstein polynomial at $p$. Hence the assertions immediately follows from Lemma 3. QED
Lemma 5. Let $p$ be a prime number. Let $m$ be an integer. Let $\theta$ be a root of $X^p - m$. Let $K = \mathbb{Q}(\theta)$. Let $A$ be the ring of algebraic integers in $K$. Suppose there exists $a \in \mathbb{Z}$ such that $p\mid\mid (m - a^p)$. Then the following assertions hold.
(1) $X^p - m$ is irreducible in $\mathbb{Q}[X]$.
(2) $p$ is totally ramified in $K$.
(3) Let $P$ be a prime ideal of $A$ lying over $p$. Then $P\mid\mid (\theta - a)$.
Proof. $(X + a)^p - m$ is an Eisenstein polynomial at $p$. $\theta - a$ is a root of this polynomial. Hence $\mathbb{Q}(\theta) = \mathbb{Q}(\theta - a)$ has degree $p$ over $\mathbb{Q}$. This proves (1). (2) and (3) follows from Lemma 3. QED
Lemma 6. Let $K$ be an algebraic number field. Let $A$ be an order of $K$. Suppose $A_p$ is integrally closed for all prime numbers $p$. Then $A$ is the ring of algebraic integers in $K$.
Let $B$ be the ring of algebraic integers in $K$.
Let $p$ be a prime number.
Since $B$ is integral over $A$, $B_p$ is integral over $A_p$.
Since $A_p$ is integrally closed and $K$ is the field of fractions of $A_p$, $B_p = A_p$.
Proposition. Let $p, q$ be distinct prime numbers. Let $\theta$ be a root of $X^p - q$. Let $K = \mathbb{Q}(\theta)$. Suppose there exists $a \in \mathbb{Z}$ such that $p\mid\mid(q - a^p)$.
Then $\mathbb{Z}[\theta]$ is the ring of algebraic integers in $K$.
Proof. Let $B$ be the ring of algebraic integers in $K$. Let $A = \mathbb{Z}[\theta]$. Let $f(X) = X^p - q$. Since $f(X)$ is Eisenstein at $q$, it is irreducible in $\mathbb{Q}[X]$. Let $d$ be the discriminant of $f(X)$. $|N_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(\theta)| = |q|$. Hence $|d| = |N_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(f'(\theta))| = |N_{K/\mathbb{Q}}(p\theta^{p-1})| = p^p q^{p-1}$.
Let $r$ be a prime number other than $p$, $q$. Since $\mid d\mid = p^p q^{p-1}$, $r$ does not divide $d$. Let $R$ be a prime ideal of $A$ lying over $r$. By this, $A_R$ is a discrete valuation ring. Hence $A_r$ is integrally closed. Hence $A_r = B_r$.
On the other hand, by Lemma 4 and Lemma 2, $B_q = \mathbb{Z}_q[\theta] = A_q$. By Lemma 5 and Lemma 2, $B_p = \mathbb{Z}_p[\theta - a] = \mathbb{Z}_p[\theta] = A_p$.
Hence we are done by Lemma 6. QED
Corollary. Let $\theta$ be a root of $X^3 - 2$. Let $K = \mathbb{Q}(\theta)$. Then $\mathbb{Z}[\theta]$ is the ring of algebraic integers in $K$.
Proof: $3\mid\mid(2 - 2^3)$. QED
The following is simple, but perhaps not as quick as you'd like. Hopefully I've written it such that generalizing to other examples isn't difficult. Let $\alpha = \sqrt[3]3$ and let $\mathcal O$ be the ring of integers in $\mathbf Q[\alpha]$. Recall that $$ \DeclareMathOperator\disc{disc} \newcommand{\bZ}{\mathbf{Z}}\disc(\bZ[\alpha]) = (\mathcal O : \bZ[\alpha])^2\disc\mathcal(O). $$ The discriminant of $\bZ[\alpha]$ is $-2^23^3$. So certainly $6\mathcal O \subset \bZ[\alpha]$ and hence I can write an $x \in \mathcal O$ as $$ x = \frac16(x_0 + x_1\alpha + x_2\alpha^2) $$ for some $x_0, x_1, x_2 \in \bZ$. If $x$ is not in $\bZ[\alpha]$ then one of these, call it $x_i$, is not divisible by $6$, hence is not divisible by $p$, where $p$ is $2$ or $3$. If we multiply by the integer $6/p$, then the coefficient of $\alpha^i$ is the reduced fraction $x_i/p$.
By some other simple manipulations, we can obtain an element of $\mathcal O$ not in $\bZ[\alpha]$, $$ \frac1p(y_0 + y_1\alpha + y_2\alpha^2) $$ in which $y_i = 1$ and all $y_j$ satisfy $0 \leq y_j < p$. Since $p$ is small there are not so many combinations to check, and if I've added correctly then the trace and norm suffice to prove that none of these can actually be in $\mathcal O$.
Added. I was going to add some more remarks in response to Prof Emerton's comments, but I stumbled upon these nice notes of by Matt Baker's that explain the local computations as simply as is possible. See Proposition 2.9 there.
Most introductory textbooks find the integers in quadratic fields and maybe cyclotomic fields, and then leave it at that. One that pays a lot of attention to cubic fields is Alaca and Williams, Introductory Algebraic Number Theory. ${\bf Q}(\root3\of2)$ is done as Example 7.1.6, starting on page 153 (and filling three pages!). Many other examples are done in detail, and Dedekind's general formula for pure cubic fields is given as Theorem 7.3.2 on page 176 (with the proof left to the reader!).
Here's an elementary proof. It is similar to Dylan Moreland's but we will use every coefficient of the characteristic polynomial instead of computing the discriminant.
Let $D$ be a squarefree integer not divisible by $3$, let $\theta = \sqrt[3]{D}$, let $K = \mathbb{Q}(\theta)$, and let $x = \frac{a + b \theta + c \theta^2}{3} \in \mathcal{O}_K$. We want to determine the possible $x$ which do not lie in $\mathbb{Z}[\theta]$. Taking the traces of $x, \theta x, \theta^2 x$ we conclude that $a, Db, Dz \in \mathbb{Z}$. The coefficients of the characteristic polynomial of $x$ are $$e_1 = a, e_2 = \frac{a^2 - Dbc}{3}, e_3 = \frac{a^3 + Db^3 + D^2 c^3 - 3Dabc}{27}$$
and these must all be integers. In particular, $$27 D^2 e_3 = D^2 a^3 + (Db)^3 + D(Dc)^3 - 3Da Db Dc$$
is an integer divisible by $D$, so it follows that $D | (Db)^3$, hence $D | Db$ (since $D$ is squarefree), from which we conclude that $b \in \mathbb{Z}$. The above expression is also divisible by $D^2$, and so we conclude that $D | (Dc)^3$, hence (again since $D$ is squarefree) $D | Dc$, so $c \in \mathbb{Z}$.
By adding integer multiples of $1, \theta, \theta^2$ to $x$ we may assume WLOG that $a, b, c \in \{ 0, 1, -1 \}$. If $a = 0$, then $e_2 \in \mathbb{Z}$ implies $bc = 0$ and $e_3 \in \mathbb{Z}$ implies $b = c = 0$. If $bc = 0$, then $e_2 \in \mathbb{Z}$ gives $a = 0$, and again $b = c = 0$. So WLOG $a, b, c \in \{ 1, -1 \}$.
Now suppose that $D \equiv -1 \bmod 3$. Then by multiplying by $\theta$ we conclude that $$\frac{a + b \theta + c \theta^2}{3} \in \mathcal{O}_K \Rightarrow \frac{-c + a \theta + b \theta^2}{3} \in \mathcal{O}_K$$
so we can work up to a signed cyclic permutation. Now $e_2 \in \mathbb{Z}$ if and only if $bc = -1$, and cyclically permuting this condition gives $ab = -1, ca = 1$. WLOG $a = 1$ since we can also work up to negation; then $b = -1, c = 1$. Now $e_3 \in \mathbb{Z}$ if and only if $(D + 1)^2 \equiv 0 \bmod 27$, which is equivalent to $D \equiv -1 \bmod 9$.
If $D \not\equiv -1 \bmod 9$, then we conclude that there are no elements of $\mathcal{O}_K$ not in $\mathbb{Z}[\theta]$. (Small modifications to the last part of argument tell you what happens for $D$ any residue class $\bmod 9$.)


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A lover of the Old Spaghetti Factory and carriage rides overlooking the Ohio River, Louisville native Morgan Whitworth is a Southern Belle with a big smile and an even bigger personality. The 22-year-old also recently placed fifth in Hooters' 16th Annual International Swimsuit Pageant at Fillmore Miami Beach. On June 28, she secured a top five spot out of 100 international finalists, a collection of women that had been selected from the 18,000 Hooters Girls working in 430 restaurants around the world.
"I've worked really hard to get where I am, but I was never somebody that was like, that is my dream, to just be a model," she said. The interior decorator, turned model, turned bikini contest finalist is a self-described jack-of-all-trades who also works in a gun shop. Without her peers and a healthy dose of luck, Whitworth may have never ended up on the stage in Miami, let alone be working for Hooters.
Due to her pageant experience and outgoing demeanor, Whitworth's friends from Shelby County had encouraged her to model in high school, but she didn't think that career path was for her. "From what you see on TV and magazines, I'm never going to be that tall or really skinny. I'm your more natural, short, curvy girl," Whitworth said.
The summer after her high school graduation, Whitworth was working in staging for Rob Marcum at Oz Art Galleries when Hooters approached him about using his Versailles castle and exotic cars for the 2010 calendar. Whitworth attended the shoot, providing drinks and chatting with the girls, such as Brooke Richards, director of marketing for the Hooters franchises R.M.D. Corp., which encompasses the Hooters restaurants in Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio and Tennessee. Richards asked Whitworth if she wanted to model for the calendar, "just for fun." Three months later, Richards called her, saying, "So you are in the month of January, and I need you to get a job at Hooters right now."
After joining the DuPont Hooters staff, Whitworth immediately bonded with fellow first-time calendar model and Louisville native, Amanda Mertz, who is currently Miss Kentucky. The two attended various charity events together, and Mertz also mentored Whitworth, providing modeling advice and pushing her to compete in the Hooters International Swimsuit Pageant.
This year Whitworth competed in the contest for the third time, making it past the local round but didn't advance after the regional finals round, despite making it to internationals the year before. As luck would have it, she received another surprising call from now-mentor "Momma Brookie" Richards, letting her know that as an alternate she would be heading to Miami for internationals.
From there she continued to excel, into the top five, one of many experiences Hooters has given her that will never be forgotten. "Every day what you do at Hooters is going to stick with me – having to go in and talk to people that you don't even know and make them feel welcome," she said, planning to take this skill with her in future endeavors.
After experimenting with fields as different from modeling as radiology and business, Whitworth realized her heart lies in cosmetology. Her mother owned a salon in Shelby County, where Whitworth fostered a love of hair styling, her Barbie dolls being the first clients. "A lot of people say 'Oh, that's the easy way out' when girls do hair and makeup," she said. "(My mom) didn't want me to do it just because that's what she did."
Whitworth has since moved to Bowling Green, Ky., where she plans to use her hair and makeup license, but for now she is still busy traveling to hot spot destinations such as Las Vegas and Orlando for conventions. Yet, this is most likely the last year she'll participate in the Hooters calendar and contests, as she thinks it's time to give someone else a chance. "I really like the way my year ended, as top five internationally," she said. "As of now I think I'm finished with it, (but) I know a lot can change in a year."


text:
According to Lang Pop (via this question), C# is not a very popular development language. Why then is there a seemingly large percentage of the questions being asked here related to C#?
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migration rejected from stackoverflow.com Jun 4 '14 at 12:02
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closed as off-topic by Danubian Sailor, Martijn Pieters, hims056, Azik, ChrisF Jun 4 '14 at 12:02
This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:
My theory: because the bulk of the people here came from Joel and Jeff's original audiences.
These are (I figure) basically Windows people, so a lot of the questions will be Windows or .NET questions. C# or VB.NET follows from there.
Also, as a new language and as a language that's undergoing active change (e.g. ASP.NET MVC), there'll be a lot of things that are new to people, so there'll be a lot of questions. A mature language won't raise too many questions.
Personally (as a Win32, C#, MSSQL programmer) I like this. I also like that people on other languages/platforms (Python, Ruby, drupal, etc.) are starting to come here too.
I would disagree with the assessment that C# is not a popular language. Pretty much all of the Microsoft-based businesses (barring the games industry and some areas of the hard-core financial industry) I come into contact with are using it (or in the process of migrating to it from vb/vb.net).
It might simply be that the statistics on Lang Pop is not accurate. It shows C in many graphs visualizing search engine statistics as leading, but how about search engines that filter away the # character?
A Yahoo search on "c programming" (that query is used on Lang Pop) contains hits on C# and c++ programming as well.
It's interesting to see how few people question the actual data shown on Lang Pop. Never trust statistics you haven't faked yourself ;-)
Another fact of course it that languages such as C and C++ have a much longer history than rather new languages as C#. Therefore it would not be surprising to have more hits on C/C++ than on C#.
That there are so many questions on C# here on SO (and other forums) might be related to the fact that it is a young language, but also to the fact that there is quite an active community for C# on the web. I have the feeling (but I might be wrong) that this is not so much the case for C (I imagine the typcical C developer will stick to his man pages ;-).
Hi, I'm the creator of http://langpop.com.
A few comments:
That said, I don't think the statistics are "worthless" as some commenters suggest. Do I think they're highly accurate? No, but it's not possible to be highly accurate with those kinds of data sources either. And I still think they are generally pretty good data.
To answer the original poster's question, I don't think that C# is exactly "unpopular" - if you correct for the Amazon results (should have those done shortly), and for some open source bias in using Freshmeat as a data source, C# does ok. And naturally, lots of Windows people seem to be on this site, so that explains why it's relatively more popular here.
Thanks, Dave
Update: I found what changed with the Amazon results, but like I said above, Delicious has some problems. site:delicious.com "c++ programming" returns zero results, and the following two pages return identical counts:
Update: I went ahead and used the Delicious results even though it can't tell the difference between C, C++ and C#.
C# is currently a logical choice for professional software development, and as such it will often be the first language of a lot of new and inexperienced developer, who will be asking more questions.
Also, the language itself is relatively new and still updated quite frequently, so some concepts may not yet be so widespread and will be new even to more experienced developers.
I don't mean to imply it's a "language for newbies" - it's just a common choice. Therefore I also agree with many of the posts above that say C# is probably a lot more popular than some statistics imply.
Because this site is built in C#, founded by guys who program in C# or are in the Microsoft sphere, beta-tested mainly by guys who program in C# or are in the Microsoft sphere, and therefore there was already a lot of C# stuff on here when the site went public. So C# programmers come here because they know they'll get answers, and they'll tend to find out about it from like-minded people in the C# community.
There's no intention for SO to be language-specific as I understand it, but it makes sense that you'd get the ALT.NET crowd here first of all given that Jeff Attwood is behind it.
The LangPop results are highly questionable (Amazon has zero books about C# or C++?). Clearly several of the search engines they are using aren't up to handling symbols in the search string.
Further, they use several *nix-friendly/MS-adverse websites (slashdot, google code), but few MS-friendly website (why freshmeat but not CodePlex?).
And, many of the measurement are historic (people have been writing about C++ for 15 years, Java for 10, but C# for only 5).
Jeff & Joel main audience are MS-centric, and they were the initial users here. Especially since this is one of the first major websites to use ASP.NET MVC.
SO has a strong Microsoft heritage. Since Jeff is a C# dev.
Probably because many people use it to learn programming in the first place. At least many lack the skill of searching for information before asking questions.
All of those charts could be considered flawed, but taken as a whole I imagine there's a couple of factors maybe.
I think there are a few factors that may cause the discrepancy:
C# is being widely adopted. It's the language of choice for most of the places I work with. Look on the job boards - a significant percentage of jobs are for C#.
C#'s popularity on StackOverflow may have started because of Joel & Jeff's heritage.
I believe that it may continue as part of a feedback loop. Developers find StackOverflow through a C# web search are more likely to ask C# questions. More hits for C# questions. Etc.
Looking over Lang Pop, it seems pretty much useless. The statistics vary widely with several languages jumping all over the place from being one of the most popular in some of the lists, to hitting rock bottom in others (According to Lang Pop, Amazon has no books on C++? That doesn't seem very plausible given that I've bought a good handful from them) And most languages vary their positions wildly on the different lists. And of course, searching for "C Programming" doesn't just give you a list of matches for the programming language C. It also gives you matches for everything related to programming which mention the letter C, perhaps as a variable name. Or how about a book, blog post or anything else on, say, Haskell, which says "unlike in C, "? Whoops, suddenly we've got a match for C Programming. How many C# texts do you think mention Java and/or C/C++? I'd guess something like 99.99%. But the reverse isn't true. Why would a C book even mention C#? Same with Java. Java was there first, there's no point in contrasting the language with C#.
In any case, C# is a very popular language. Not as widely used as Java or C/C++, perhaps (all of which are much older, and also better supported on non-MS platforms), but still very popular. And now consider who actually asks the most questions.
Is it people who're working on the same C application they've worked on for the last 8 years? Not often. Is it people who are learning programming, or are trying to deal with a new technology? Quite often. And C# is very popular in those circles. .NET and C# add features almost overnight, and because the language is relatively young, and improves very quickly, a lot of people are learning it. Either because it looks like the next big thing, or simply because they've been tasked with developing or maintaining a C# application, so they need to learn the language.
In other words, your "average" C# programmer is likely to have less experience with the language than your average C++ or Java programmer have with their language. That means that C# is likely to be overrepresented on any site where people can ask for programming help, such as SO.
And finally, of course, at least one of the founders of SO is a big fan of the language, and his blog tends to be read by a lot of C# programmers.
I use C# professionally and for hobby programming. I seriously dispute the charge that C# is not a very popular development language. Many, many people use it.
You could ask the same question about why there are so many LISP/Scheme questions popping up on here these days.
The methodology used by Lang Pop seems to be flawed, or at least skewered against C#. First of all C# is a fairly new language compared to say C or C++ or even Java so it makes sense that more books and web pages will have been written about those languages, simply because they've existed longer.
Secondly, both Freshmeat and Google Code focus on Open Source and Unix/Linux software. C# is not used very much in these circles, partially for the bad cross platform support and partially for ideological reasons.
Also their Amazon and Del.icio.us results seem wrong. They claim there are more books about Haskell and Forth than there are about C#. I cursory search on Amazon that I just did seems to seriously dispute that. They also claim virtually no del.icio.us links to C#, again simply going to that site would prove that wrong.
On the whole there seems to be more than enough flaws in their approach to safely ignore any conclusions about programming languages that you might come to using their data.
The people that use this site are mainly .NETers that all read the same blogs and participate in the well-known .NET group-think that all .NET 'professionals' subscribe to.
Why do you think C#/.NET users get so defensive when you ask a question like this?
The lang pop results are misleading. C# suffers from having a character that's hard to search on. Using search engine queries as a measure of its popularity is flawed at best. Developers of C# who do searches tend to avoid searching on "C#" because it brings back invalid results.
Because C# is in fact a popular language. Remember that statistics is just another word for lies.
I would strongly contend that Langpop is either inaccurate or pushing an agenda. C# is all over the place.
If we check in number of search, C# is not as much searched as Java or PHP but still is popular.
As I mentioned in the comment of this question. This question has already been discussed and we see more C#/Vb.Net question because the peoples who launch this website have a lot of reader from their blog. Their blog are .Net related and of course that bring a lot more C#/vb.net developer here. Maybe in few months we will see more other language big name coming here and the community will change.
The cited survey measures "buzz", not popularity or frequency of usage by actual programmers.
Experts rarely use such generic words in their exchanges. Searching for the word "programming" biases the search toward academic and news sources and away from professional sources. So this popularity measure is skewed toward people who are not paid to program and discounts people who are paid to program.
Accuracy improves dramatically when money is involved. A more reliable pair of sites to search would be Dice and CareerBuilder. And these sites almost certainly have a search that distinguishes C#, C, C++, etc.
Here is some data that Dice posted for Q4 2007. Numbers are approximate, as I copied them off a graph. Note that job postings for ".Net" were 3 times those for "C#".
These numbers indicate that 18 months ago the Microsoft platform accounted for about 40% of industry jobs.
This phenomenon is not limited to the perceived popularity of a programming language. With anything, you generally have 3 major groups of interested parties. You have the evangelists, the opponents, and the average majority. Both the evangelists and opponents will be very vocal, but the majority are just getting their jobs done. The vocal minority can create the public perception that they are larger than they really are.
Statistics sample are not "random picked", there are a lot links coming from C# blogs, msdn blog.
I think stackoverflow.com is NOT YET well known by other community. stackoverflow.com is not better then others(forums, mailing list) on same langauge.
The assesment that C# is not popular is very dependant upon which realm of developers you survey. I'm a long-time consultant in the NYC area and have worked in various industries including finance, insurance, banking, pharmaceutical, legal and engineering. In those venues C# is overwhelmingly the language of choice for enterprise scale application development.
I would expect it to be the most popular for the various reasons below (in no particualar order).
I dont agree with the langpop sites way of measuring the popularity of the language/
Languages such as C have been round much longer than C# so it seems likely there will be more books articles etc
There always seems to have been less open source projects written in C# than say PHP
Certain sites favour or are more popular with specific languages
One thing that is never taken into consideration in these "language polls" is the longevity of the language. I am not surprised that C leads almost exclusively in all of the polls in the original link, since it has been around longer.
The problem with using something like books from Amazon is flawed, by nature. If a language has been out longer, of course it is going to have more books. The same holds true with articles online, and is even further compounded by the name of the language (having a # in it).
A more appropriate way to measure would be to do such measurements over a fixed period of time, i.e. over the last year.
From personal experience, I can tell you that there are more job openings in my market for C# developers than either the PHP or VB developers that show up ahead on the charts, and C# and Java appear to be pretty close in talking to some of the technical recruiters that we have worked with.
There are gaming companies using C# as well. I worked for a company for a while and they had a fully implemented slot machine with device support all written in C# except for a couple of interop DLLs where required. The only thing pending was gaming board approval, but they bought another company and scrapped the $5 million project.
I think one of the reasons (in addition to the more popular answers in this thread) is misuse of tags.
A lot of the time people use a language-specific tag when there's no need for it. For example, "How do I subscribe to an event in C#?" would definitely require a C# tag. "How do I make a worker thread to perform an asynchronous action that raises an event when it is finished?" is not a C#-specific question; this should be tagged .NET. People polarize themselves to one language and figure, "I want a C# answer, so I'll tag it as C#."
Any online survey is going to get skewed by the interests of the readers - you can't really use it as a good example.
In UK job market C# and Java jobs pay about the same, and both job markets are driven by the number of positions available and the relative scarcity of available developers.
I reckon Java and C# are about the same size in the UK.
Almost all of us in the private beta were readers of Jeff Atwood's (mostly .Net) blog. So there was skew here when it first went public. A few months later it now seems pretty balanced.


text:
19" Dell E1913S LED Monitor Flat Panel E Series for $99.99 + free shipping
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19" Dell E1913S Monitor With Stand, Power Cable, VGA Cable & Quick Setup Guide, In Original Retail Packaging
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5 Comments add a comment
Forgot to mention that you might be able to get another 5% off by using coupon code LOYAL5!
19 feet (even diagonally) would be a huge monitor.
@blackscribe: LOL! Next time I should wait until after my second cup of coffee before I post a deal! Good catch!
My local electronics recycler had similar 17" screens (used, of course) for $20 each. Nice that it's LED backlit, but VGA only? It probably won't compete with 16:9s, but nice find on the price.
@blackscribe: I tattled to the mods about my subject line error and I see that they changed it. Thanks, mods!


text: I have one more anime figure to upload and she is from a show called Sugar Sugar Rune. I will be uploading a lesson on the main figure from the anime and or manga. Here is "how to draw Chocolat", step by step. I'm not going to make believe that I know what the series is about, so I had to actually read up a little to find out the story line. The series follows two best friends named Chocolat Meilleure and Vanilla Mieux. They are a couple of young witches that travel around in Magical World. They journey out into the world to find human boys so they can collect their human hearts. They do this because they where chosen as a pair to compete in a contest. Things soon take on a different meaning and as the story progresses, Chocolate and her best friend Vanilla must find a way to remain friends through the turbulence and struggles put on them from competing to see who will become the next queen of the Magical World. You will be drawing Chocolate, and despite her name, she has long red colored hair and a very baby like face. The lesson should be simple which means you will enjoy this tut. I will be back with some more drawing fun so stay tuned in, Adios amigos!


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Has a company ever made a mistake with your order?
I'm currently in a "shuffle" as I like to call it. On the Cyber Monday deals on Amazon there was a company offering $100 headphones for $9. It was about five minutes into listing the Cyber Monday deals on Amazon so I jumped on it. Later today I got an email stating that the headphones I ordered were not available for shipment. This is where things get fun;
They state that they'll give me a different model and color, a "higher price", for the same price. After googling, turns out the "higher priced" headphones are a lower value than the ones I was getting. Still worth over the $9 I paid for them so I continued my purchase. I just got an email now stating that I had bought a completely different model than I had actually purchased. They said the shipping would take at least an extra week and they mentioned nothing about the other model they offered last email.
I'm keeping with it just to see what I get. To be honest, I have no idea what I'll get. Probably won't even be headphones.
10 Answers answer
So may problems.
1. Ordered two custom shower doors. Should have arrived on November 17, it's now November 29 and no shower doors. Visited their local branch and all they can offer is an apology.
2. Several orders have come with missing items from the order. All companies have sent the missing items without any trouble at all.
3. Items arrived DOA. I've had difficulty getting some of those replaced. Those particular sites are now on my blacklist.
4. Ordered some counterfeit bill detection pens a year ago and finally received them this week.
I'm sure I've encountered more problems but you need to understand the quantity of items I order is high so it's sort of expected. As long as I can get it resolved eventually, I'm usually okay with it.
I recently ordered a couple of beautiful necklaces from a company in India. It took about a month for them to come and they sent me the wrong necklaces. Similar but not the right ones. I emailed them with photos of the ones I got and the ones I ordered and they immediately acknowledged that they were the wrong ones, offered me a $10 refund to keep them or I could send them back for a full refund. There is no option of actually getting the ones I ordered, which is suspicious, along with both items being similar but wrong. So now I have to mail these back to India and wait weeks for my refund, so I have essentially written these folks an interest free loan for two months. Very annoying.
@cengland0: Our shower doors took 6 weeks, But we knew that when we bought.
Ordered an Eathpak (out of business) backpack in June for kids school finally got the wrong one in October. Told to keep the one I had and they refunded my money I chose not to reorder. The next April I got the one I had ordered from out of nowhere. I sent an email asking what was going on and never heard back.
I recently purchased a Toy Story 3 Mr. Potato Head set from Kohls.com for my nephew's 4th birthday, along with other miscellaneous household items and Christmas gifts (I had 45% off). I got everything but the Mr. Potato Head. Called Kohls and they told me I had two options: they'd ship the item to me or they'd refund me my money. I chose to have the item shipped to me (my nephew's birthday is on Dec 8th and this is part of his present) and they said they'd ship it out within four business days. Got an email two days later saying that they refunded the price of the item. I was kind of irked and emailed Kohls asking why I got a refund and not the item I ordered. Whoever answered my email said that as part of their policy I'd have to reorder the item (they don't reship items apparently) and they'd honor the price I paid with free shipping... Within 14 business days. I now have a $42 Mr. Potato Head sitting in my living room. Still waiting for my refund and free shipping.
@wadekind: Mine was supposed to take 6 weeks too but it's now been longer. In the meantime, I'm taking showers without a door and then having to mop up the floor every day. Luckily the floor is tile and not wood or anything else that would get destroyed with water.
@wadekind: Oh yeah, I ordered an inexpensive Da Vinci Flying Machine model from National Geographic and I got a big expensive globe instead. I called them and they said, sorry, keep the globe and we'll send you the model. I donated the globe to an after-school program in the barrio and they were so excited to get it, as they'd been shopping for one and couldn't afford it.
@cengland0: They have those spring loaded shower curtain rods. My moms doors were delayed and thats what she used for almost 3 months.
@cengland0: Um. Spring-loaded tension rod and a $3 plastic shower curtain?
I took a chance and ordered something cheap off goldengadgets once b/c of a deal I saw on deals.woot. Credit card was charged but nothing was ever shipped/arrived and no response to several emails. Don't know if I would call it a company mistake or my own for ordering off a website I was unfamiliar with.


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A while back we were invited to a birthday party. In preparation, the host sent me the recipe for the cake she was making for the party so I could bring a vegan version. The cake was fairly standard (an old family recipe), but the icing was a bit different because it had two eggs yolks. What caught my eye, though, was the addition of grated bittersweet chocolate to the batter. This is a fantastic way to make a cake that is somewhere in between chocolate and vanilla, but with a more sophisticated look and flavour than a marble cake. Rather than make it in a bundt pan (as the original recipe called for), I opted for cupcakes. I used Isa and Terry's vanilla cupcake recipe and folded 4 oz of grated bittersweet chocolate into the batter. The icing is a standard buttercream with a tinge of yellow colouring to match the colour of the egg yolks in the original, and the drizzle on top is a slightly thinned ganache. In the end, it looked almost identical to the original and was incredibly tasty.
Monday, July 11, 2011
Vanilla Cupcakes with Bittersweet Chocolate
13 comments:
- VegWhoHatesTofu said...
These look tasty! Love the idea of grated chocolate in the batter. Yum :)
- July 12, 2011 at 12:11 AM
- Miss Hamish V Jones said...
They look amazing! I've been looking for something new to bake, it might have to be these :)
- July 12, 2011 at 5:35 AM
- CH said...
What a great idea! I love that cupcake recipe and now I really have to try it with chocolate in the batter.
- July 12, 2011 at 6:26 AM
- Premalatha Aravindhan said...
Very nice cupcake,luks delicious...
- July 12, 2011 at 8:24 AM
- nothanksimavegan.com said...
What a brilliant idea, I'm going to try this soon :)
- July 12, 2011 at 1:26 PM
- Katrina said...
Oh boy. I'm getting a cupcake craving ...
- July 12, 2011 at 4:38 PM
- Karen's Vegan Kitchen said...
What a great idea! I love the look of it too. I'm going to try it out the next time I make vanilla cupcakes.
- July 12, 2011 at 7:20 PM
- vegan.in.brighton said...
Yum! I love stirring chocolate into my vanilla cupcakes.
- July 13, 2011 at 10:28 AM
- lifeisgoodwithfood said...
Hi! I stumbled upon your blog when I was googling for homemade vegan pasta. Your pasta recipe looked delicious, and so do these cupcakes! I love the idea of using bittersweet chocolate in the icing. :)
- July 14, 2011 at 11:28 AM
- Kelly M. Preston said...
MMM, always on the hunt for a delicious vegan cupcake. Love vanilla ones. Classic.
- July 14, 2011 at 1:47 PM
- Lisa said...
Those cupcakes look wonderful! I think those are a great idea for my upcoming birthday! Woo!
- July 14, 2011 at 4:59 PM
- MalayaBee said...
I've made the bundt cake version of this... My family calls it "moss cake"... Probably because a slice of the finished product sort of looks mossy. :)
I'm not vegan, but I'm definitely tempted to make these cupcakes!
- July 23, 2011 at 10:50 AM
- Emanuelle said...
That's great the host let you know in advance so that your son wasn't left out. I always wondered what I would do when I have kids and am in that situation. Very good to know! Thanks!
- July 26, 2011 at 4:58 AM


text:
Food Truck Reviews, Directory and News!
We have set out to make healthy, scrumptious, mouthwatering tacos.
The ultimate directory of Food Trucks, interviews with Food Truck owners and the latest Food Truck News!
Food Truck Pages is dedicated to create an active space for food truck fans to find, rate and review their favorite food trucks.
© 2016 Food Truck Pages | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Site Map | Website by - Sonya Mattthews


text:
When I access a document through the Lists.GetListItems web service, I get meta data in the ows_* attributes. These, however are encoded in a strange way ("[RowID];#[data]"). I'm fairly confident I can parse these reliably, but is there a less opaque way to extract document meta data? Is this encoding format documented somewhere?
When using the WebServices SharePoint gives you the "full" value of Lookup fields as it don't know if you just want the text or also the relation.
The format is described in the remarks to SPFieldLookupValueCollection.ToString Method as
The only thing to look out for is the ;; being an escaped ; in the text


text:
Jensen 17' Extension For Remotes MWR75 and MWR1000
MWREXT Remote Control Extension cable
18ft extension cable for MWR75/MWR100 Remote Controls
Connects to MSR Stereos only
18ft extension cable for MWR75/MWR100 Remote Controls
Connects to MSR Stereos only
This product ships in 1 business day.
Add to Cart and enter your Postal Code to determine the shipping charges and estimated delivery date.
Most products and orders leave our warehouse in 1 business day. However, select items may take more processing time. Alaska and Hawaii orders please add 1 additional warehouse processing day.
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Please be careful when ordering this product, it has limitations that differ from our General 30-day Return Policy. After all, we want you to be satisfied with your order so you'll return again and again as an iboats.com customer, and to also recommend us to your boating friends
- Electronics/Software/Videos
- Electronics/Software/Videos are not returnable. Please be careful when ordering to choose the correct product.


text:
I wonder about create every game engine module (render, input, sound, etc...) into dlls (renderer.dll, input.dll, etc...). What are pros and cons in your opinion of divide game into set of dlls ? I see only need to write game module in separate dll, to have posibility to create mods.
I do not see sense to have render.dll and input.dll But some RareUsedJoystick.DLL could be made as loadable module to release memory for those who do not use that RareUsedJoystick
Putting code into seperate Windows DLLs sounds promosing in theory, but in practice you should be aware of certain limitations.
If you just want to reuse your code without recompiling, there is another option, static libraries (.lib). It is precompiled code (as in the DLL) but it is linked into your application and has no such limitations as the ones mentioned above, plus Link Time Code Generation still works with the library code.
Update: As Sean pointed out in the comments, point 2 and 3 can work when using the same CRT version, as the MSDN link in 2 also shows. However, my advice is to design the DLL without relying on it at all, since there are so many cases where it won't work, like using 2 DLLs with different CRT's or compiled with different Visual Studio versions.
Most differences are negligible. DLL's are more flexible but make the building process more complex. I would only use DLL's if:
Another advantage is that it can help you structure your code correctly. Any non-logical dependencies between modules will stand out more and it will be more difficult to use such hacks.


text:
Caught in The Act
Street Drum Corps Travels The World
Middle East To Cuba: Journeys With Street Drum Corps
During their recent ten-year anniversary, Street Drum Corps got the chance to visit US military installations in the Middle East, Africa, and Cuba and to see a lot of countries around the world. We asked Frank Zummo to send pics of their journey as he and co-founders Adam and Bobby Alt traveled the world. They got to play at several bases, and had a lot of fun, but as Frank says, "The best part of the trip was performing for the troops and their families."
Chilling under the Flag of Bahrain.
Visiting musical groups have been a staple at American military bases for a century.
On stage in Djibouti, Somalia.br>
Flying in Cuba.
Welcome to Cuba.
Did that washing machine fly with them?
Happy Travels.
Drums Of The Nashville Drum Show
Caught In The Act: Nashville Drum Show
Nashville Drum Show impresario George Lawrence, also the publisher of Not So Modern Drummer, was nice enough to offer some photos to us from the show, as we didnt' make it out to Nashville for the event on September 18 and 19, 2014./p>
By all accounts it was a good show, with tons of vintage and custom gear, some interesting clinics and a great vide. For more, and there's plenty of good stuff, check out the Facebook page here.
Not So Modern Drummer, engraved
I'm thinking I need a Porkpie snare.
Engraved Taye piccolo snare
Curt Sines of Artisan Drumworks.
Artisan Drumworks snare drum of cocobolo wood.
Acid-etched Billy Baker drum
Beat Boogie Drums
Bello Fiberglass Drums.
Jeff Hankin of Carolina Drumworks
Beautiful work at Carolina Drumworks
Swindoll Drums. Curly maple stave. Wow!
Vintage Rogers and Camco drums. Great show.
Tommy Lee: How Does The Cruecifly Fly?
Tommy Lee: How Does The Cruecifly Fly?
Tommy in flight (above,) and his custom E-Pro live kit (below).
All Bad Things Must Come To An End is the final tour of Motley Crue and Tommy Lee. Those who have seen the shows know Tommy is playing Tommy new Pearl E-Pro Live drum kit and rollercoaster rig—The Cruecifly.
What you may not know is how this differs from his standard rig. After all, playing upside down sixty feet in the air is not an everyday occurrence. First, the Cruecifly went through an exhausting series of tests to make sure it worked. They tried various configurations in order to understand what setup would work best. They had to take into consideration the width and length of drums in proporation to the riser, the distribution of weigh on the platform and the reaction of the drum set while upside down and traveling. Once that was right they had to make sure that Tommy could sit comfortably behind the kit and that it was still playable. Even with all that in mind, due to safety considerations, the Cruecifly has only made an appearance at some of the venues on the tour.
The tour runs through November 22, 2014, so you've still got time to see it. Go to Motley.com
Here's a fan video of the Cruecifly (above) and the view from Tommy's seat (below).
Death From Above 1979 Caught Live
Death From Above 1979 Caught Live
Artist: Death From Above 1979
Drummer: Sebastien Grainger
Venue: Troubador, Los Angeles, California
Date: Thursday, August 14, 2014
Death From Above 1979 is a punk dance duo comprised of Jesse F. Keeler on bass and synths and Sebastien Grainger on drums and vocals. They played to a sold-out crowd at the Troubador this week and frequent DRUM! contributor Robert Downs was there.
Tama's 40th Anniversary Party At Winter NAMM
Tama's 40th Anniversary Party At Winter NAMM
For fans of great drummers and drum gear, the NAMM show has always served as a mecca. But at the recent 2014 Winter show, Tama celebrated its 40th anniversary by hosting an evening that will be remembered by many of those fans for a lifetime. The show featured powerful musical performances by Tama endorsers past and present, interspersed with video segments highlighting the company's history of innovative drum and hardware contributions. Here are some shots of a handful of the legendary drummers that performed.
Billy Cobham
Billy Rymer
Blake Richardson
Charlie Benante
George McCurdy
John Blackwell
Lenny White
Matt Garstka
Mike Portnoy
Simon Phillips