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7 Horrifying Uses of the Human Body to Create Art
#3. Intentionally Pissing Red to Create a Portrait of Iron Man
In 2012, Taiwanese art student Wong Tin Cheung was taking a leak when he realized that there was blood in his urine. Any panic he might have felt at that moment was replaced by exhilaration a few seconds later when he looked down at the combination of red and yellow in his toilet and thought, "Holy shit, that sorta looks like Iron Man!"
This is probably not the first time Robert Downey Jr. has been in this exact same spot.
When a museum of fine arts in China announced a $13,500 prize for an art competition, Cheung, a big fan of Marvel Comics, decided to recreate his masterpiece for it -- first he spent two months tracking down a toilet bowl with the exact shape of Iron Man's helmet, which it turns out isn't as easy as we'd always assumed. Next, he turned his urine red again by eating colored pigments, when he could have probably just asked a friend to kick him in the balls and gotten the same result.
"When you need someone to take a bat to your kidneys, that's when you find out who your real friends are."
Finally, he used saliva to make Iron Man's eyes, which he had to do every hour while he waited for the judges to review the other entries. All this hard work paid off when Cheung's toilet portrait beat the 600 other contestants and was awarded the first prize, presumably just to get him to flush the damn thing since it was seriously stinking up the room.
It's probably a good thing he didn't go for War Machine.
Cheung achieved worldwide fame thanks to his Blood Iron Man series, and it's only a matter of time before Marvel asks him to draw the official comic book with his penis. All because he peed blood one day. Anyway, he's probably dead now, because that's not normal.
#2. Digging Up Corpses to Turn Them into Statues
Honore Fragonard was a French anatomist in the 18th century and a cousin of hotshot painter Jean-Honore Fragonard. Perhaps as revenge on his famous cousin for having stolen his name, the anatomist decided to go into the art world as well, only in a slightly more insane manner: by turning the corpses he studied into nightmarish sculptures.
Yeah, that sure showed him.
Fragonard acquired the corpses from "executions, medical schools and even fresh graves," then embalmed them using a secret method that still isn't fully understood, which we're choosing to interpret as evidence that he was a necromancer. Apparently, from what today's scientists can gather, he'd inject the corpses with a fluid of his own invention, then isolate and dissect each organ and use rods and screws to put them back together again in deranged poses, sometimes combining parts from humans and animals. Finally, he'd paint the blood vessels and varnish the entire remodeled corpse to keep the bugs off.
Ba Hons CG Arts & Animation
Just kidding. Even the bugs are too freaked out to go near this thing.
Fragonard prepared around 700 corpses this way, of which only 21 still survive. Among them is his most famous work, a skeletal man riding an equally terrifying horse, originally surrounded by an army of human fetuses mounted on sheep and horse fetuses, plus more fetuses dancing. The rider is on display in a museum, but it's unclear what happened to the fetus army.
What we're saying is that it's entirely possible that they'll turn up in your room one night.
Others include a man with the jawbone of a donkey, and a group of flayed monkeys clapping for reasons that only Fragonard and the voices in his head could comprehend. Fragonard did all this while serving as the first professor of anatomy at the world's first veterinary school for six years, until he was kicked out in 1771 for being a madman and a weirdo.
According to rumors, the fetus-surrounded horse rider was actually his fiancee ... who killed herself, but this has been disproved (which actually makes it more terrifying, because at least that would have explained why he did those things). We'll just have to wait until his creations bring forth the apocalypse to find out.
#1. Letting the Audience Do Anything to the Artist. Literally Anything.
If the artists we've mentioned so far have something in common, besides being crazy, it's that they all did these things to themselves: They pulled out their own nails, made themselves vomit or told their friends to shoot them to shock us or weird us out, while we normal people scratched our heads and laughed. Serbian-born performance artist Marina Abramovic turned that around by letting the audience decide what to do to her ... and it wasn't pretty.
Turns out museum visitors are assholes.
After pulling off relatively tame performance pieces like the one where she intentionally stabbed her fingers 40 times or when she laid down in the middle of a burning wooden star and almost died, Abramovic took things to the next level with her 1974 piece Rhythm 0, in which she simply stood in front of a table with 72 items on it, including a gun, metal chains, an axe and razor blades.
It was inspired by her S.T.A.L.K.E.R. inventory.
A sign informed the audience that they could do literally anything to Abramovic with these items, and she wouldn't say anything or resist. At first, they just played around with her, tickling her with feathers or using her as a coat rack, presumably. However, little by little, they started getting more aggressive. Someone tore off her clothes and pressed thorns into her stomach. Another person cut her neck with a knife and licked her blood. Then, a woman grabbed the gun from the table, loaded it with a bullet and made Abramovic point it at her own neck, pressing her fingers to see if she resisted. She didn't. This went on for six hours.
It wasn't the best day to organize a museum visit from Sociopaths Anonymous.
After the six hours were over, Abramovic snapped out of it and began walking toward the audience, who freaked and ran away. The disturbing part about Abramovic's performance is that, as crazy as she was for coming up with the idea, the completely normal people who happened to be visiting the museum that day turned out to be even worse. So she ... made her point, we guess?
Rayan is also known as Bama Bhai, and you can follow him on Twitter here.
For more art we wish we never knew about, check out 5 Works of Art That Can Probably Kill You and 5 Works of Legitimate Mad Science Passed Off as Art.


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5 Bizarre Dark Sides to Modern Orchestras
Most people think of the orchestra as a hoity-toity elevator music club invented for your granny's listening pleasure. And while it's true that most members of their audiences are probably knocking on death's door , playing in one must still be an honorable, noble profession, right?
But like all forms of music, the orchestra has a the seedy underbelly of drugs, horrific injuries and low pay.
#5. Performance-Enhancing Drugs Are Rampant
Fucking up in baseball is so common that there's a special stat for it. In an orchestra, though, a single fuck-up can mean the difference between a sweet piece of Mozart and The NY Times talking about how shitty you are. And even the best, most practiced musician is going to get a case of nerves when walking out in front of a half-empty concert hall of sedated senior citizens. So what is the modern solution to performance anxiety?
Beta blockers. Magic pills that steady the hand and smooth out the notes.
Her betas ain't going nowhere.
Traditionally used to help with heart issues, these pills work by counteracting the effects of adrenaline. This drops blood pressure, slows the heart, reduces breathing rate and turns Speed into a exercise in zen. The end result is a noticeable increase in playing quality. Yep, it's steroids for violinists.
"That's a perfect rendition of Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds! Shame that we're playing Bach."
How widespread is the prescription-strength orchestra? A study way back in 1986 found that 27 percent of musicians admitted that they took beta blockers. Though beta blockers are the reason that a North Korean pistol shooter was stripped of his medal, there's no push to start piss tests before Prokofiev. After all, this is a great alternative to what musicians used to use to settle down: tranquilizers or beer.
Pictured: The BBC Philharmonic.
#4. Playing is Dangerous
Playing music is goddamn terrible for your body. Hearing aid companies, for example, will advise that all musicians risk progressive hearing loss since the average orchestra is loud enough that it violates OSHA sound regulations. Anyone who practices for more than a few seconds a day could end up with a case of repetitive strain injury. But we're not talking about that (or the fact that string instruments shred your fingertips and violin players get horrifying, oozing sores on their necks). There are nontrivial, potentially life-ending injuries that a wind instrument player can sustain.
Like chronic noogie syndrome.
Yes. Life-ending. It is possible to die from playing a fucking trumpet. There are the horrifying cases of strokes in people who were playing trumpet so awesomely that their brains exploded.
If death is too scary an outcome, serious trumpet players can merely shred their mouth muscles until they require surgery to play again. It's called Satchmo's syndrome after Louis I-motherfucking-invented-jazz Armstrong. In addition to losing the ability to control his mouth adequately, Satchmo also played enough to start bleeding from his lips, which presumably made him all the more badass.
"That frothing blood-rimmed mouth sure makes Ride of the Valkyries more immersive!"
Trumpet players, and indeed all brass instrument players, use something called a Valsalva maneuver. It sounds like a military tactic but is actually the same thing you do when taking a shit. The Valsalva maneuver transiently raises blood pressure as the body strains against, well, nothing but itself. Now, repeat this daily for years. End result? A whole clusterfuck of symptoms. Increased incidence in eye problems that are related to glaucoma. In fact, brass players could very well end up like this 50-year-old trombone player who tromboned so hard his retinas began to bleed. Holy shit!
#3. Orchestras are Notoriously Sexist
In 1980, a letter arrived for one Mr. Conant, letting him know he had advanced to the next round of auditions for the spot as the principle trombone player with the Munich Philharmonic. That's a big deal, considering they've been around for going on 120 years (though they probably don't tout the fact that they at one point were known as the Orchestra of the Fascist Movement), so you can imagine what an opportunity this would have been. You can also imagine the hiring committee's surprise when Herr Conant appeared with a big smile, a large trombone and a huge set of breasts.
"That's very nice Ms. Conant. Give the trombone back to your husband and we'll get started."
Since initial auditions are done blind, the members of the committee had not realized that their best trombone candidate was (gasp) a woman named Abbie Conant. In spite of her XX composition, they let her finish the audition process and hired her. However, shortly after Ms. Conant arrived, her fellow musician's latent fear of vaginas began to show. For the rest of her career, Ms. Conant was exposed to a scale of sexist bullshit that deserves a medal for its scope, audacity and stupidity.
After two years of probation and rave reviews, she was mysteriously demoted. When she questioned why, the conductor said, "You know the problem, we need a man for the solo trombone." Subtle!
"Your lungs are a little too emotional and high pitched for our tastes."
Subsequently, Ms. Conant was forced to submit to a physical exam determining her fitness to play her instrument. And when the orchestra demanded that she be evaluated musically, she came up with over 95 people to vouch for her, while the orchestra could only find two schmucks who couldn't make it anyway. The end result of this evaluation was praise so glowing that it rivaled Chernobyl in the moonlight.
So how have things progressed since then? Well, for starters, the Munich Philharmonic stopped auditioning people behind screens to avoid making the terrible mistake of hiring a talented woman. Their sister orchestra in Vienna only started allowing women as full members in 1997, after which point they hired ... four women. In the U.S., things are comparatively better: about 35 percent of the orchestra is female. Still, women have a 7.5 percent better chance of being hired if they audition behind a screen so that the hiring committee isn't crushed by the power of breasts.
"I can't even wave my baton without hitting an ovary around here."
Even within the orchestra, things aren't quite equal. Women are disproportionately underrepresented in the brass and percussion sections. One explanation is that violins are less heavy, which attracts the frail weak women who can't possibly lift a 3.5 pound trumpet. Women conductors are even more rare than women trumpet players: As of 2009, fewer than 12 percent of all conductors were female.
We're going out on a limb here and say that the imbalance isn't due to the weight of the baton.
It's most likely due to breasts destabilizing their centre of gravity.

subset: commoncrawl


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A 53-year-old Kentucky woman who police say pulled a gun on a Montana attorney during mediation in a lawsuit has been denied her request to have a felony assault with a weapon charge dismissed.
The Bozeman Daily Chronicle reports that Gallatin County District Court Judge Mike Salvagni denied Mary Ann McCulley's motion on Wednesday.
Prosecutors allege McCulley was in Bozeman from Owensboro, Ky., meeting with attorneys April 25 when she slammed documents on a table and said, "This is my final offer that you are going to sign." Witnesses say she pulled a pistol loaded with birdshot.
A struggle ensued, a man was bitten and McCulley allegedly fled only to be caught a few minutes later by police.
McCulley has been jailed on $1 million bail since the incident.


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QUALITY BY DESIGN'S DEEP ROOTS ACROSS INDUSTRIESIn his 1992 book, Juran on QbD, The New Steps for Planning Quality into Goods and Services, manufacturing quality expert Joseph M. Juran explored the reasons a book on quality planning was needed at that time, noting "the gathering awareness by companies that they have been enduring excessive costs due to chronic quality-related wastes." Much of this waste, he adds, consists of "redoing work already 'done'."1
Applying this idea to biopharmaceutical manufacturing today, we can certainly relate to the concept that such waste costs money, maintains needless risks of consumer harm in the system, and hurts companies' and the nation's ability to compete. By failing to find and correct the root cause of problems early in the design phase of the process and product development cycle, companies risk quality and yield problems in their processes.
Other industries have been quicker to adopt QbD because they felt the financial crunch of competition sooner than pharmaceutical manufacturers who were able to leverage blockbuster drugs and patents into large profits in past decades. Today, as many manufacturers struggle with shrinking new drug pipelines and competition from generics caused by expiring patents, QbD should be viewed as an opportunity that brings with it business benefits for the entire organization.
Previous experience is valuable to the accumulation of institutionalized knowledge. When designing processes that can cope with variability, we need to look at historical production data to learn from mistakes and successes. The FDA's Janet Woodcock has frequently stated that QbD is derived from a combination of prior knowledge, experimental assessment, and a cause-and-effect model that links critical process parameters and critical quality attributes.
Achieving the goal of manufacturing process excellence through QbD requires us to begin the work in process development. It's natural to think of the flow of data and information in the forward direction from process development into manufacturing, but data and information also needs to flow backward from manufacturing into process development.
By using data and information from current commercial processes to assist with future process development for new products, we leverage investments that we have already made and experience we have already gained. To do this, on-demand data access and investigational analysis are required for successful collaboration between the process development and manufacturing teams. This allows us to design and build additional risk reduction and ruggedness into the next process so that it can better handle variability.
The FDA's Process Analytical Technology (PAT) guideline shows the value of continuous learning that comes from analyzing process data when coupled with systems that support the acquisition of knowledge from those data, saying:
"Continuous learning through data collection and analysis over the lifecycle of a product is important. These data can contribute to justifying proposals for post-approval changes. Approaches and information technology systems that support knowledge acquisition from such databases are valuable for the manufacturers and can also facilitate scientific communication with the Agency." 2


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WEIRTON - The city's fire insurance evaluation has improved, Chief Jerry Shumate told council Monday.
Shumate said the city's new Community Rating Schedule, which the insurance industry uses as part of the basis for insurance costs, dropped from Class 5 to Class 4. The lower the number, the better the rating, he said.
"There are 672 fire departments in West Virginia," he said. "They're rated from Class 1 to Class 10. There are no Class 1's in West Virginia; one Class 2, 11 Class 3's and 37 Class 4's. We moved into that Class 4 category."
By contrast, he said there are several hundred Class 5's and Class 6's.
Shumate said communities traditionally have been rated every 15 years, but because of computerization it will be done more often - every four or five years - going forward.
And he said the improvement reflects the efforts of the fire department as well as the city's water department and the county's 911 communications system.
"There was a lot of recordkeeping, a lot of cooperation between departments and a lot of improvements since the last time we were evaluated," he said. "We opened a second fire station that we staff full time, and it's well equipped. When the inspector came in we had all the paperwork, all the documentation ready for them to review and the water department did the same, and I'm sure by the grading central dispatch had their documentation in line, too. There was quite an effort between the water department, central dispatch and the fire department."


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If Chrome made a bag big enough for you to crawl into, you wouldn't be soaking wet right now.
You're riding home from work when you get slammed by a freak storm that has you soaked from head to toe, but your laptop, books, and complete set of collectible comics are safe and dry in your Chrome Yalta Messenger Bag. Hardcore, rain-ready design keeps the inside of your bag protected from the elements.
- Weather-blocking tarpaulin shell is virtually impervious to rain
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- Roll top closure with stainless steel hook closure won't let water seep in
- Tarpaulin shell blocks most moisture
- Floating liner is waterproof (and leakproof)
- Sternum strap keeps the bag in place
- Rolltop keeps water from sneaking in through zippers
Tech Specs
View more Slings & Messenger Bags
Reviews & Community
Great Bag!
- Familiarity: I've used it several times
I'm a daily bike commuter and it works for the job. Wet or dry. I stuff it with my lunch and a change of clothes so a lot fits in this bag and it's not huge looking like my last bag. My only complaint is the straps are a bit rough but that's no big deal.
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
This bag is super cool. The roll top is very accessible, the opening is big enough to get in and out of with ease. I haven't had a problem not being able to fit whatever I needed in the bag. It fits well, I've worn in commuting on my bicycle and motorcycle, in both cases I have no complaints. The only criticism I have on the bag is the front pocket, it gets pretty constrictive quickly, making it difficult to get things in and out of it. Otherwise, it's great.
Hello, I am a pretty slight 5'2" girl looking for a bag that will safely hold all my school books during my commute (and not murder my back). I'm wondering if this bag might be too big on me first off? And perhaps too large for my intended purpose?
Hello. I think this bag would be perfect. The Yalta is probably one of the smallest chrome backpacks I've seen. It's great spacing inside and it won't look too bulky. I think this would be your best bet.
It will carry your stuff and keep it dry
- Familiarity: I've used it several times
The only negative thing I have to say about this bag has already been said. The rolltop closure it semi restrictive in what can fit through the opening. It wouldn't hurt if it was a bit bigger up top.
Other than that, I love this bag. Great style, heavy duty, and will carry anything you need.
I wouldn't limit this to commuting. It would be a great bag to take on a little day hike if there is a chance of rain. It is a little heavy but it hasn't bothered me yet.
I also spend a lot of time in the snow and could see this being great for days that I take a bag up to the hill and leave it sitting in the snow. Most bags end up wet, but this will be perfect.
Do yourself a favor and buy one already
Took it out on a day hike today and ended up getting snowed on pretty heavily. Everything inside, including my digital camera, stayed totally dry. LOVE THIS BAG.
Good if you know what you want!
- Familiarity: I've used it once or twice and have initial impressions
I'll say, the bag itself is beautiful and it feels great on the back, even when I filled it up with library books and walked around for a bit.
The main issue with the bag, which you should be aware of before purchasing, is that side pocked for the laptop needs some work. I didn't know until I saw it that the layer keeping in the laptop is actually much too thin unless the laptop is very lightweight, moreover, the compartment is not waterproof.
I'm a bit conflicted given how nice the back looks and feels, but don't know why the most delicate items (electronics/papers) would be left unprotected.
I can see this being a GREAT backpack for travel though!
Keeps the rain out
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
It's been raining almost daily in Denver for about 2 weeks, I've ridden every day in awful conditions and all my stuff stays nice and dry. I love the roll top, and the main body of the bag, laptop compartment and front pocket. I think the shoulder straps are a bit bulky, the back makes my back really hot and doesn't move air well and I want an external pocket for my thermos/coffee cup. Great bag for crappy weather missing a couple of the luxury items.
A commuter bag indeed!
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
This bag is the ultimate, waterproof, and spacious bag! The bag itself is pretty big (I'm 5'10" and it covers my entire back), with deep pockets. The only knocks that I have are that there aren't little hooks for keys, or smaller compartments for small items (i.e. wallet, cell phone, etc.). There is a nice laptop portion directly behind the back shared with another compartment perfect for folders. Then the big compartment in the roll-down fits everything, it's like a bottomless pit. Pretty heavy, but it's meant to be a heavy duty commute bag.
Size Ref
Overall Great Bag
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
This bag is a great commuter bag when it's a rainy day. The reason I'd give this bag 4 stars is because the main opening to the bag is somewhat restrictive to what can actually fit into the main compartment. It also only has three compartments: The front zipper compartment, the main bladder, and a size zipped compartment where the main bladder runs in to. I know it doesn't advertise any other side pockets, but after using this bag for a while... it'd be nice if it had some side pouches and other storage. The bag also doesn't allow much expansion/elasticity outward, instead, it expands inward allowing less room to put things in different compartments. For example: if you put a lot of stuff inside the front compartment, it'll interfere with what you can put into the main compartment and vise versa. It is completely waterproof while riding in any rain conditions. I do not recommend submerging it, but I don't doubt it'll stay dry inside. Overall, the bag is good for a commuter student. It has a very sleek look, and I've gotten a lot of compliments while riding.
Great Size.
This bag is a great size. Fits everything I need it to, and feels comfortable on and off my bike.
The only downside is the mouth of the bag is a little small. But once you get used to it, its no big deal.


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Real Paint Problems - Paint RejuvenationWritten by on January 1, 2001 Bring Back Your Old Paint On The Cheap Instead Of An Expensive Repaint
In a perfect world, everyone would drive a classic Mopar, and they would all have flawless show-car paint. But for the average street driver, the real world means real paint problems. With use it's inevitable-a chip here, a ding there, and the progression of time and the elements take their toll. Let's face it, cosmetics can only get worse from where you started unless some effort is expended. Care and maintenance can keep a finish looking good for years, but sometimes we're faced with neglected and hurting paint. The surest cure for problem paint is just wiping the slate clean and starting over with new pigment; but sometimes, at least for the time being, it's not in the cards. It might be a matter of cost (priced a quality paint job lately?), or just practicalities-maybe having the car down for weeks or even months for a repaint just isn't likely when having that car laid up means hoofing it.
Our 'Cuda is an extreme example of neglected paint. When it was shot with quality DuPont Centari acrylic enamel back in 1990 it looked good, but now the ten-year-old paint is trashed. It didn't have to be. Left in the hands of others, it was smacked up front, bodyshop repainted on the front fill panel and fender sides, and then left outside to cook in the Bakersfield sun for two years: "Here's your car back." Thanks a lot.
No question; to get it looking the way we want it, a total repaint is in order. But with several resto projects underway, pulling the 'Cuda down for what will be a bare-tub rebuild will have to wait. In the meanwhile, it runs and drives, so it gets used-but going down the road in what looks like rolling junk is getting old. Rather than repaint, the solution for now is to work with what's there and repair the existing paint.
Just about any finish can be made to look decent with some effort and the right techniques. On this car, the basic paint was still sound, but it suffered from a wide range of maladies: chips, scratches, gouged paint, cracked plastic filler, a dented door, and extreme oxidation; all these things can be fixed. Fortunately we didn't have unfixable problems such as blistering, checking, peeling, or puckered paint or clearcoat. We'll go through the problems and the cures, and from junker to jewel.
Fading And Surface Flaws:Cutting
Fading or oxidized paint comes in different degrees, but the cure is always the same: removing the oxidized outer layer of paint to expose a fresh one below. Some colors are more prone to fading than others; red, like on this 'Cuda, is one of the worst. Removing the oxidized layer makes the presumption that the paint is sufficiently thick to get down to good paint without running through it to the primer. Which technique is used for cutting depends on the extent of the problem. Sometimes a mild abrasive cleaner wax and some handwork can do the job. For more serious problems, a cut-and-buff is the serious solution.
Cutting-and-buffing begins with sanding the paint with ultra-fine sandpaper, then buffing the finish to a high polish. To remove minute surface imperfections, most show-quality paint jobs receive a cut-and-buff as the final step to that glass-smooth finish. Sanding is done by hand and has to be done wet, which keeps the sandpaper from loading up and clears the debris from the surface being worked. Generally, 1500-grit paper is used because it removes the surface and leaves sanding scratches fine enough to be machine-polished out. A foam hand-sanding pad backs the sandpaper strip.
Sanding can be ruinous if certain mistakes are made. First is the cut-through. Obviously, if the color coat is sanded too far and you've gone through the paint, or even made it too thin, the primer will show through. Use care around any edge or character line, since the raised edge will cut-through easily. Solid colors and clearcoats lend themselves to cutting, but non-clearcoated metalics can present problems.
Metalics get the metallic effect from small particles in the paint. Sanding can disturb the metallic particles in a visible pattern, and it won't readily buff out. Dark metalics are more sensitive than light ones to this phenomena. If the paint is burned out with oxidation, there may be no other alternative than to try an area and see if it will sand and buff out uniformly. Using the finest paper available reduces the chances of streaking the metallic in the sanding process.
None of the original factory musclecar paint jobs were clearcoated, but for a number of years now, clearcoating has become routine. Clearcoats cut-and-buff well, but if the clear is cut-through and the paint is exposed, the hole will be visible a mile away. Even respraying clear over the cut-through won't hide it, since the underlying basecoat will always shift color when disturbed. Our 'Cuda was painted in a solid color without clear.
No matter which type of paint surface is being worked, sand only enough to remove the oxidation and surface flaws, and leave a uniformly de-glossed surface. Don't chase deep imperfections with concentrated sanding in one area, but take a uniform cut over the entire surface. It's difficult to tell if you've gone far enough when the surface is wet (unless you're working in bright sunlight), but wiping the area dry shows the remaining flaws and shiny areas that need more sanding. The paint revival on this 'Cuda began with a cut using 1500-grit paper. Sanding serves as the first step in the buff job and provides an ideal surface for paint adherence. The heavy oxidation is clearly visible, even wet, so it's easy to tell from the distinct color change when the surface is sanded sufficiently.
Fix It
Touch-ups can range from dabbing in some paint from those little car dealer's bottles to blending-in a repaired panel. In most cases a repair is just that, a fix, and perfection isn't always possible, though certain colors are easier than others. Solids such as the red on this 'Cuda are easier than metalics, and dark metalics can be nearly impossible. The paint should be the same type as that being repaired, preferably the same batch that was used in the first place. Barring using the same paint, take a sample of the original color to the paint jobber and have the paint-match verified at the time of purchase and the tint adjusted if required. Formula tints won't typically be a perfect match. If the paint doesn't match, the repair will stand out.
Achieving a perfect blend into a panel is much tougher than painting a panel section to a character line. Lines or panel gaps break the surface plane to the eye, making it difficult to perceive subtle variations in the paint. With difficult metalics, cutting-in to a line is probably the best way to hide the repair. To paint to a line, back-mask-rather than laying the tape flat to the edge-so it's folded back in the middle at the line, giving it a soft edge.
For very small chips, a paint-brush dab is probably the best quick repair, but not a perfect one. For the best result, try to fill the hole with multiple applications until it's even with the surface. Avoid building up a ridge of paint outside the hole. After filling, the spot can be color sanded and buffed. Larger flaws like surface gouges or large chips can be filled with spot putty. Traditionally, these are quick-drying nitrocellulose (lacquer) products. Spot putty shrinks slightly and cannot be effectively used in thick layers, since drying time goes up exponentially as thickness increases. Catalyzed spot putties are available, but the grain generally is not as fine as the nitrocellulose formulas, and if you have many small repairs, constantly mixing fresh batches slows progress. Fill ever-so-slightly higher than the surface of the chip or gouge. Don't cake the putty on or it will be impossible to sand it level without sanding through the adjacent paint and distorting the paint's surface.
Once the flaw is filled and sanded, it can be touched up with paint. If the spot putty is smooth and sanded dead-level, usually no primer is necessary. Some distortion will be visible, but this will be filled by the paint and sanded-out once it dries. Larger repairs may need some surfacer to help achieve a perfect finish, but the painted area has to be extended over a larger area to cover the primer. Small touch-ups (chips and small gouges) can be done with an airbrush. We use a $5 unit from Harbor Freight Tools which works great. Larger repairs (panel blends) are handled with a touch-up gun. For small repairs, we like to over-reduce (double the normal reduction) the paint and use a slower than normal reducer. With this mix, use multiple light coats to color-up without excessive gluggy buildup. After it's colored-up, reduce it further (up to four times normal reduction) so that it almost sprays tinted solvents to blend-in the repair. Larger repairs use a more conventional mix, but thinned-down for blending, extending the repainted area.
Buff Dude
The final buffing should be done only after all the repairs are made. There are countless products on the market for buffing paint. After cutting, machine buffing is required to bring back the gloss. Use the professional bodyshop compounds made for machine polishing. 3M makes an excellent line of compounds for a variety of applications. The buff-out is a two-step process starting with a coarser cutting compound to remove the sanding scratches. Next, a polishing compound, called a finishing glaze, is used. The finishing glaze removes the swirl marks from the compounding step and gives a super high-gloss finish.
Buff with a dedicated buffing machine. Though it looks like a sander, it turns the slower rpm (1500-2000 rpm) necessary to reduce the chances of burning the paint. Paint buffers are rotary, not the orbital machines sold for Saturday wax jobs. Quality buffing pads are a necessity, and are usually made from wool. Two types of pads are required: a coarse cutting pad for the compounding and a fine polishing pad for the final finishing glaze. Foam final finish pads are available, but we prefer wool.
The compound usually has instructions on applying the sauce, but handling the machine correctly takes skill and experience. Avoid using too much pressure and let the compound do the work. The main danger is catching an edge that can burn through the paint in an instant. When buffing, hold the machine at a slight angle, so only one side of the pad works the surface at any given time. Pay attention to the direction the pad is rotating and make sure it always rotates off the edge or body line rather than into it. In areas such as around doors, the hood, or trunk, slightly open the piece to raise the edge so the pad can ski over it without going directly into the edge of the adjacent panel. Where it's not possible to rotate off the edge, orient the buffer so the outside of the pad wipes over in line with the edge.
After a while the pad begins to load up with dried compound and needs to be spurred periodically to keep the surface clear of buildup. Turn it on and run the point of a screwdriver it across the surface of the pad. When switching from the cutting sauce to the polishing formula, thoroughly wash the car to remove the remnants and dust from the cutting compound. Particles are picked up by the polishing pad, introducing them into the fine polishing operation. Buffing slings compound all over, and if it's allowed to dry, it will adhere to the paint. Always clean the jambs, glass, and other areas while it's fresh, using plain soap and water.
Repairing paint may have been a stop-gap measure in our case, but the resulting glass-like finish is worth it. The car has a totally renewed look. Since the paint was so flawed to begin with, the repairs took three days to complete. It isn't a Saturday afternoon's work, but it's a lot quicker than a respray. The larger panel blends with our solid color are no less than perfect, with not even a haze of an edge visible where it meets the old paint. This was partly because we still had a half-quart of the paint used the last time the car was shot. It had been on the shelf for ten years, but still worked fine and matched perfectly. Some of the smaller repairs weren't quite invisible, but much less apparent than the original flaw, while others blended perfectly. Going down the road, the 'Cuda looks red-hot.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
The first process to bring back extremely oxidized paint is wet sanding (1500-grit here), which preps the surface for paint repair and cleans and smoothes it for the buff-out. A hose, sponge,or bucket will work. The bright trim has been taped off to prevent scratches. Mirrors, emblems, and the fender-mounted turn signal indicators are removed.Though hard to see in a black and white photo, sanding exposes the original red, as seen on this fender top. It works like a guidecoat, as we can see the surface clear up as we go.The chips are filled with spot putty to bring them level with the surface. A small piece cut off a plastic Bondo spreader helps apply the putty with precision, which is vital for a successful repair. Don't overfill the area.Spot putty on the various chips and gouges is sanded back with 400- or 600-grit paper, depending on the size of the spot.You're not slopping plaster, so apply the filler as smoothly as possible and don't over-work the material.Once cured, the filler is sanded level. We used 80 grit on a short hard board. It can also be filed with a Surform file to rough it, but on a small repair like this it isn't necessary if it's applied nicely.
A coat of primer-surfacer is next, followed by a wet sanding with 600 grit. That's the extent of the prep in this area.The back of this quarter has plastic filler, and it's cracked. When the car is restored it'll get metal, but for now, we'll patch it up.We had a deep gouge on the driver's door. Because of the size of the flaw, we airbrush some primer over this area for a smoother fill than the spot putty alone can provide. The area needing paint to color the primer spot is now much larger than the original scratch.A relatively wet mix of paint is stirred into a touch-up gun, and the repaired area on the door edge is painted. The panel isn't masked, we just use some wide tape around the jambs. Each successive coat gets more reducer, and the painted area is extended.On the repaired quarter-panel, the paint is blended into the adjacent panel using the same technique as on the door.Once all of the paint repairs are completed, the spots are wet sanded with 1500-grit paper until evenly flat. The whole car is then given a quick, light sanding with the 1500 grit to eliminate any overspray and in preparation for the final buffing.
Once the first cut is completed, the car is thoroughly washed. The cutting pad is swapped for a polishing pad, and the job is gone over with the finishing glaze to remove the swirl marks and bring up the final gloss. Man, does it look good.Here's the repaired area of the door. Even up close, not a hint of a blend line. The deep gouge shown earlier is in here somewhere, but we couldn't find the spot to take a photo. Likewise, the blend at the quarter repair is perfect, the fixed chips on the trunk extension panel are basically gone, and the highly oxidized hood and fender tops gleam like fresh paint.


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Kalee Dionne - Meteorologist
Meteorologist Kalee Dionne joined 41 Action News in April, 2013. Prior to joining 41 Action News, Kalee was the morning meteorologist for "Wake Up Alabama" at WIAT-TV in Birmingham, Alabama.
In 2011, Kalee was brought to a new level of excellence in her weather broadcasting career. On April 27, a strong line of tornadoes decimated the state of Alabama. Kalee was on the front lines, morning and night, covering the deadly storms that resulted in the death of 243 people. That coverage earned Kalee and her weather team several broadcast honors, including a prestigious Edward R. Murrow Award.
A graduate of Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Kalee has also served as meteorologist at WSIL-TV in Carterville/Carbondale and WCIA-TV in Champaign, Illinois. An avid singer, she has performed at Walt Disney World, Cedar Point, and Carnival Cruise Lines.
In her spare time, Kalee enjoys running, participating in her first marathon in 2011. She is also a huge fan of Chicago sports and cheers for the Bears, Cubs, Blackhawks and Bulls.
You can follow Kalee on Twitter at @KaleeDionne and become her fan on Facebook.


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Skirt Outfits
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Shop by Size
Our superior customer service and fast shipping makes finding skirt outfits fun, fast and easy. Select adorable jumpers, skorts and dress outfits at our terrific affordable prices. Add Girls Shoes or a great hairbow to complete her look.


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Call a graph $G$ $n$-saturated if for every set $A$ of size $n$ of vertices and all $B\subseteq A$ there is a vertex $v\not\in A$ that forms an edge with all $w\in B$ and does not form an edge with any $w\in A\setminus B$.
A countably infinite graph is isomorphic to the random graph iff it is $n$-saturated for all $n$.
Here are the questions:
Is it true that for all $n$ there is a finite graph (of size at least $n$) that is $n$-saturated? If yes, are there reasonable upper and lower bounds on the size of such a graph?
(An $n$-saturated graph of size $\geq n$ has at least $n+2^n$ vertices, but this is probably far from optimal.)
Is every finite graph an induced subgraph of a finite $n$-saturated graph? (Edit: As Ori Gurel-Gurevich pointed out, the second question is silly. Clearly, if $G$ is $n$-saturated (and of size at least $n$), then it has every graph with $n$-vertices as an induced subgraph.)
Example: There is a $2$-saturated graph: Let the vertices of $G$ be the $2$-element subsets of a set with $6$ elements. Two of those vertices form an edge if they (as sets) have a non-empty intersection. It is easily checked that this graph is $2$-saturated. But it also has 30 vertices. That seems a lot.


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Founded in 2003, the Office of Global Education serves as a "home away from home" for our international students. We stand ready to serve our international students and prepare each student for success in the classroom and beyond.
Our office is located one block north of the main campus and consists of:
- administrative and executive offices
- a living room where you are invited to drop in and watch tv
- a fully stocked kitchen which is available for your use in preparing dishes from your home country
Our office is always open to students to meet their needs, to plan exciting and entertaining trips, and to help with the adjustments to life on a US college campus. The success of each student is our primary goal.
The international staff is available to assist each student with:
- academic issues
- immigration issues
- international insurance
- medical issues
- international orientation programs
- International Student Association
- activities on campus and in the community
- adjustment to life in the United States
- obtaining a driver's license
- obtaining a social security number
- opening a bank account
- involvement in all areas of campus life


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I know that a unitary matrix is a matrix whose inverse equals its conjugate transpose (or that multiplying it by its conjugate transpose yields the identity), but I don't have a deep intuition about it (I just accept the definition). So for example, when I encounter the statement that the left and right singular decompositions U and V in the SVD are unitary, I don't get the significance. I would appreciate if somebody could enlighten me to connect the dots and how to feel when encountering unitary matrices. I have the feeling there is something unwritten that I'm missing.
Structurally, unitary matrices are rotations and reflections. Perhaps it's more clear to first picture unitary diagonalization before the singular value decomposition. Suppose we unitarily diagonalize $$A = UDU^{\dagger}$$ In unitary diagonalization, we first rotate (and possibly reflect) from our standard basis into our new orthonormal basis. This is the action of $U^{\dagger}$. Then we perform stretches by the magnitudes of the eigenvectors in the respective basis directions. This is the action of the diagonal matrix $D$. Finally we rotate back to our original basis, which is the action of $U$ which reverses $U^\dagger$.
The action of a singular value decomposition is virtually identical, except that the "diagonal" matrix $\Sigma$ does not necessarily map the same space to itself, so that the rotations happen in different vector spaces.
Unitary matrices are the complex analogues of orthogonal matrices, and both are very common in the theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras. Orthogonal matrices are the matrix representations of real linear maps that preserve distance. Unitary matrices are the complex versions, and they are the matrix representations of linear maps on complex vector spaces that preserve "complex distances".
If you have a complex vector space then instead of using the scaler product like you would in a real vector space, you use the Hermitian product. The Hermitian product of two complex vectors (thought of as $n$-by-$1$ matrices), say $v$ and $w$, is defined to be $\langle v,w\rangle = \overline{v}^{\top}\! w$.
Consider an $n$-by-$n$ matrix, say $M$, with complex entries acting on $\mathbb{C}^n$. The matrix preserves the Hermitian product if and only if $\langle Mv,Mw\rangle = \langle v,w\rangle$:
$$\langle Mv, Mw \rangle = \langle v,w\rangle \iff \overline{(Mv)}^{\top}(Mw) = \overline{v}^{\top}w \iff \overline{v}^{\top}(\overline{M}^{\top}\!\! M)w = \overline{v}^{\top}w \, .$$ Thus, $M$ preserves the Hermitian product if and only if $\overline{M}^{\top}\!\! M$ is the $n$-by-$n$ identity matrix, i.e. $M$ is a unitary matrix.
The unitary matrices are precisely those matrices which preserve the Hermitian inner product.
$$\langle v,w \rangle = \langle Uv,Uw \rangle$$
Hence it preserves the distance or length of a vector in the Unitary space (the finite-dimensional vector space over the complex number field $\mathbb{C}$ with an inner product) under rotation or reflection.


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Top 10 Olympic Controversiesby Lindsay Hutton
Scandals at the Olympic Games have been going on almost as long as the Games themselves. From funny to fascinating, here is a list of the top 10 Olympic controversies throughout the years.
1 of 11
Fred Lorz (1904)
Fred Lorz was a long-distance runner best known for "winning" the marathon in the 1904 Summer Olympic Games. At mile 9, Lorz became so tired that he hitched a ride in his trainer's car for the next 11 miles. When the car broke down, Lorz returned to the stadium on foot, where he broke the tape and was considered the winner. Although he initially went along with the victory, he eventually admitted to the stunt, and Thomas Hicks was named the real winner.
Next: Jim Thorpe (1912)


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If $G$ is a nonabelian group of order $p^3$ for $p$ a prime, and every nonidentity element has order $p$, does there exist a subgroup isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_p\times\mathbb{Z}_p$?
Based on some searching, I bet it's true. I read a construction of such a subgroup by taking a element $x$ of order $p\in Z(G)$. Then you can "pull back to $G$ a subgroup of $G/\langle x\rangle$ of order $p$. The resulting subgroup will be normal with index $p$, and isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_p\times\mathbb{Z}_p$ since it's an abelian group killed by $p$."
This writing is all very vague to me. Is there a clearer explicit explanation of why a subgroup of order $p^2$ isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}_p\times\mathbb{Z}_p$ exists in $G$?


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I'm not sure I've ever made a New Year's resolution and kept it, and I can only count on two hands the number of people I know who have. That's why I'm done making promises of change to myself on the first of the next 365 days. Instead, I'm trying something new: I made a resolution the day after Thanksgiving in a pact with three other women to commit to training for a bodybuilding contest. Thus far, we've all gotten a tiny bit closer to our goal, and we're still several weeks away from 2013.
There's safety in numbers. There's accountability, too.
On April 27, 2013, WHAS11's Brooke Katz and Chelsea Rabideau, The Voice-Tribune Staff Writer Ashley Anderson and I will compete in the Kentucky Derby Festival Bodybuilding Championships. For the next few months, we'll lift heavy, do cardio and interval training and eat right, collectively and separately. Unlike stereotypical bodybuilders, we will train to compete in various divisions that favor muscularity and femininity, grace and strength and the only way to achieve that is through proper training, good nutrition and sleep.
We're going to have some fun doing it, too.
Stay tuned for updates.
Contact The Voice-Tribune's Managing Editor Angie Fenton at email@example.com, 502.551.2698, @angiefenton on Twitter, www.facebook.com/angiefenton2 or @angieeff on Instagram.


text: African-American Students in Management was created to ensure that African-American students at UCLA Anderson have a rewarding academic experience and are equipped with the tools to ensure post-graduate success. We strive to foster a sense of community and teamwork by coming together to share personal, academic and professional insights. AASM seeks to provide its members with opportunities to enhance their professional development and recruiting prospects while providing a stable peer-support system.


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What I want to do is quite simple, I have 2 locations defined by gps coords, lat / long like returned by google maps:
I need to calculate the distance between them. I know I could use the google API but I'll be processing bulk queries so I'd rather do it on my own server.
I've spent a few hours with the docs, installed geodjango OK, but I can't seem to find an example of this. Everything in the literature is way more complicated than I need.
Thanks for any feedback


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KILLEEN (November 8, 2012)--A used book sale will be on Saturday at the Killeen Community Center.
Hardbacks, paperbacks, magazines CDs and DVDs will be sold for $1 or less.
The early bird sale is from 8 a.m. until 9 a.m. and is $5 to attend if you are not a member of the Friends of the Killeen City Library organization.
Admission is free for the general sale from 9 a.m. until noon.
For $3, patrons will receive a paper bag to hold the purchased items.
The sale is put on by the Friends of the Killeen City Library System and proceeds will benefit the organization.
It takes place at the Killeen Community Center on E. Veterans Memorial Boulevard.


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thought this would be a pretty basic question, but I haven't found anything here or on the ESRI forums on the topic.
Is there any way to change the number of characters displayed for the file pathways listed in the File Menu list of recently used mxd files?
The obvious solution is to create shorter file names, but sometimes that's not as easy you might think!
Hover-over functionality for that list would be an ideal, long-term solution that I'd like to see, but that's neither here nor there...


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The Drunkest Generation: 10 Reasons Your Grandpa Could Drink You Under the Table
#5. Champale!
If it's not champagne, and it's not ale, what is it? Malt liquor! Athletic boozers were encouraged to reach for the next rung of the social ladder by picking up a tennis racquet and popping open a bottle of the aristocracy's preferred malt liquor, advertised as "the sparkling alcoholic beverage that looks and tastes like champagne." Of course, the high-class vibe was significantly undercut by this: "It costs just pennies more than beer wherever beer is sold."
The above ad ran in carefully segregated Caucasian and African-American versions, starring Tom Selleck and Mariette Hartley impersonators for the white folk and a black couple the distillery hoped might pass for Arthur Ashe and Lola Falana. To get an idea of just how much that mustachioed generation drank, all you need to know is that it was a time when ad firms thought "high class malt liquor" was a viable angle.
#4. The Whiskey "Sandwich" Flask
Slyly marketed in 1950s comic book ads, as if it were a practical joke, this plastic novelty product's practical applications were all too clear. The poorly-reproduced, almost subliminal caption appears to read "Any time is lunch time with a whiskey sandwich."
The cartoon drinker's top hat tries to impart an illusion of class, but is undermined by his lolling tongue and prominent "HIC" sound effect. He also looks a little young to be drinking, which would explain the ad's placement in comic books, and the fact that the whiskey bottle is being disguised as an item that would really only make sense in a child's lunch box. In the '50s, it was apparently OK to not only encourage children to drink, but also to help them hide it from their parents.
#3. Otis from The Andy Griffith Show
In the early days of TV, you weren't officially considered a character until you had a drink in your hand. TV dads were greeted at home with a tray of drinks; Archie Bunker owned a bar and the most serious consequence was a comically bad hangover. A study in the '70s found that sitcoms showed people drinking five times per hour. But, maybe no TV character displayed old school TV's loving attitude toward drunks better than Otis Campbell (played by Hal Smith), Mayberry's official town drunk on The Andy Griffith Show.
Sure, he frequently spent time under Andy's care for public drunkenness, but it was a lovably hilarious public drunkenness, sort of like a drinking man's Steve Urkel. At various times, Otis mistook a goat for his uncle, tried to sue for a self-inflicted jail cell injury, and spiked the mayor's water. Still, he was invariably portrayed as a positive role model for imbibers everywhere, with a loving wife and no serious consequences for his bizarre behavior. He was even deputized briefly in one episode, encouraging addicts everywhere to take up loaded firearms and serve whatever they hazily perceived as the public good. Today, his name is Otis, and that's all any of his fellow AA members needs or wants to know.
#2. "The Lost Generation"
For F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner, nothing was more romantic and writer-like than kicking back with a typewriter and bottle of hooch. Gertrude Stein called them "The Lost Generation," because they were artists disillusioned by the human cost of World War I, not to mention Prohibition in the United States. They were the literary giants of the 1920s, living and writing as Americans in Paris --and every last one of them was usually stinking drunk. Their hard-drinking, hard-writing lifestyle found its way into print in several now-classic works. And while Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby and Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury are both chock full of what would today be considered "problem drinking," no novel gets at the generational depravity like Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises.
Inspired by Gatsby, this admittedly autobiographical novel tells the story of a bunch of people who seem to drink for a living. Protagonist Jake Barnes is impotent and drinks; Scottish war veteran Michael Campbell gets angry and drinks; Jake's old friend Bill Gorton jokes around and drinks. The novel reads like a personal testimonial at an AA meeting, without any of the shame, and with a generous heaping of hilariously outmoded slang.
Not surprisingly, they produced a wealth of pithy witticisms about getting bombed. Fitzgerald once said, "first you take a drink, then the drink takes a drink, then the drink takes you," which was funny right up until he and Hemingway died of alcohol-related tuberculosis and depression.
#1. 1970s Drinking Board Games
Today, people think they need one of those newfangled Nintendo Wii machines to have fun getting drunk and playing games. But visionary designer Frank Bresee livened up the 1970s with these drinking-and-sex-themed board games, complete with official equipment and instructions for those too uptight to imagine their own fun things to do while inebriated and semi-clothed.
The object of Monopoly rip-off Pass-Out was to roll the dice, drink and repeat, presumably until you actually passed out or started having meaningful conversations with the tiny blue and yellow plastic people across the table. Companion product Sip'N'Go Naked allowed the terminally repressed to loosen up by drinking and playing strip poker, with smarmy support from a formal set of instructions, presumably so they could claim they were only following orders. Every winner is a loser! Hooray!
If you liked this article, check out Jay Pinkerton's how-to guide, An Alcohol Coma: Your Ticket To a Good Night's Sleep .


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- In my water bill (in U.S.), there are two charges, one for water consumption and the other for sewer consumption. I was wondering what the difference between water and sewer is?
- This month, our water and sewer have the same amount of consumption. I was wondering if their consumptions are supposed to be the same generally?
- Is the water from bathroom sink or bathtub supposed to be drinkable? If further after being boiled, is the water from bathroom sink or bathtub safe for drinking?
My county has the option to have a deduct meter installed on your irrigation system, so the amount of water used for irrigation is not charged on the sewage.
They used to automatically deduct a portion of the sewage for water used during the summer that exceeds the average of the three winter months. They have discontinued that program.
So to answer question 2, it is possible in some locations to have a different amount of consumption depending on the rules of the water and sewage municipality.


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News Body found in Orlický reservoir
Crime investigators found the body of a murder victim at the Orlický reservoir near the Czech castle Zvíkov it was revealed on Tuesday. The victim was found at the beginning of the month, when the police were investigating another murder. The body was bound by a chain attached to a heavier item and is believed to have been in the water for at least two years; the man is believed to have been between the age of 32 and 42.The police are asking anyone with possible knowledge for help. In the past, investigators found a number of bodies at the reservoir. The most infamous series of murders dates back to the early 1990s, when the bodies of three businessmen were thrown into the basin. Two had been dismembered and stuffed into barrels topped with lye.
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For the daily news summary, available after 8pm CET, click here.
All stories
Roman Kreuziger ends in ninth place on Tour de France
Czech cyclist Roman Kreuziger ended ninth in the Tour de France on Sunday, his fourth top 10 placement. He was just under six minutes off the winning time of Chris Froome. Kreuziger moved up to 10th place overall from 12th on Saturday after coming sixth in the stage after an aggressive move to break free of the pack. He was helped by fellow team member, Slovak Peter Sagan. Kreuziger's best ever placing in the tour was fifth in 2013. He had previously been placed three time in the top 10.
Bonus payments to ministry officials rise in first six months of year
Bonus payments to top ministerial staff in the first half of the year rose to total 280 million crowns, according to Czech Radio. That is around 20 million more than in the previous six months. The government has defended the payments saying they are deserved. Most of the bonus payments in ministries total between 20,000 and 30,000 crowns. The Ministry of Transport stands out with bonus payments there averaging around 55,000 crowns over the latest period. Such payments are covered by the civil service law.
Seminar highlight threat to lynx population in Šumava
The population of lynx in the Šumava forest has fallen to around 65 and is in severe danger according to the latest estimates of an environmental group. Around 15 years ago the population was estimated at around 100. The latest estimate was released by the group Hnuti Duha which for many years has been tracing the evolution of the population and is currently holding an international conference in the Šumava region dealing with the topic. Illegal hunting and trapping and car accidents are believed to be the main causes of the sharp drop in the population.
Police appeal after gruesome finding
Police have launched an appeal for help after a newly born baby was found dead at a plastic sorting facility in Prague on Saturday night. The baby had apparently suffered a violent death. It was probably delivered in a container from Prague or Central Bohemia. Police have asked to be contacted if anyone noticed suspicious circumstances such as a woman in late stages of pregnancy who appears to have given birth but has no child.
Storm warnings apply to whole of Czech Republic from Monday
Czech weather forecasters are warning of severe storms in West and South Bohemia, South Moravia and Vysočina on Sunday afternoon and evening. Winds could reach up to 70 kilometres and hour and heavy rain total up to 30 litres per square metre. The warning applies to the whole of the Czech Republic on Monday and Tuesday with the likelihood of severer downfalls in some areas.
Changes to civil service law proposed in face of staff shortages
Changes to the Czech civil service law are being prepared in an attempt to streamline recruitment and fill many gaps in ministries and other state bodies. The current procedures are regarded as overly complicated and time consuming. At the moment there are many vacancies in government departments. The Ministry of Justice is one of the worst cases with around 100 vacancies, comprising around 50 lawyers and a dozen IT specialists. Selection procedures often last up to three months or more. The civil service law was brought in after the Czech Republic dragged its heels for years in meeting EU demands that it put in place a professional civil service.
New rules on unpaid police overtime being prepared
The Ministry of Interior is working on a new set of rules over unpaid police overtime, according to Czech Television. The rules are likely to continue the practice that police can be called on to work for free during exceptional or crisis situations. Police overtime has been a cause of friction in the past with the police winning a Supreme Administrative Court judgement over excessive and free overtime. Police say the situation has since improved generally but for some special units, such as that tasked with protecting state figures and embassies, there has not been much change.
Security stepped up in Czech Republic following Munich shootings
The Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs has said no Czechs are believed to be among the victims of a shooting spree at a shopping centre in Munich, Germany, on Friday evening. Nine people were killed and the gunman, believed to be a 19-year-old German-Iranian, then turned the gun on himself. Around 21 people were injured. Czech police stepped up police patrols in shopping centres and increased border security after the incident. The motive for the attack is not yet known. The increased Czech border checks were cancelled Saturday.
Ceasefire ending Austro-Prussian war commemorated at Mikulov
A ceremony and commemorative events marked the 150th anniversary on Saturday of the ceasefire between the Austrian Empire and Prussia at Mikulov castle in South Moravia. The ceasefire signed at the castle in the presence of the Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck brought to an end the short lived but bloody conflict between the two powers. The decisive battle was fought at Hradec Králové. An exhibition at the castle includes the table where the ceasefire was signed. The war established Prussia as the leading Germanic power in Europe.
No specific threat to Czech Republic: interior minister
Minister of the Interior Milan Chovanec said on his Twitter account Saturday that there is no suggestion that a specific terrorist or other threat applies to the Czech Republic at the moment. He added that the latest information from Germany was awaited after the Munich shootings on Friday evening. A meeting of Czech interior ministry, police, and security service officials is scheduled on Saturday afternoon to evaluate the security situation. At the moment a level one security alert applies to the country. That has been in place since the Brussels attacks in March. A one to four, with four the highest, security evaluation is in place.


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What is the type (adjective, noun, etc.) of the word atom in hydrogen atom?
I think that atom here does not qualify hydrogen in any way and we can use it or not, and the meaning of the word hydrogen will not change. So, hydrogen atom and hydrogen are equivalent.


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Robert's Rules Bylaws Checklist
4 of 8 in Series: The Essentials of Robert's Rules for Establishing a Deliberative Body
A basic set of bylaws often isn't enough. Even if you use Robert's Rules as your authority, there are plenty of things that you just can't do unless you make provisions for them in your bylaws.
The actions in the following list are collected from throughout Robert's Rules, but this list is by no means a complete one. It's accurate, though, and it may help you if you're wondering whether you can (or can't) do something in your own organization.
If your bylaws don't specifically authorize it, you can't
Elect by plurality, cumulative, or preferential voting
Submit absentee votes (including votes by mail, fax, e-mail, or proxy)
Hold a runoff between the top two candidates
Suspend a requirement for a ballot vote
Suspend a bylaw
Limit officers to those who are members of your organization
Restrict the right of a member to cast a write-in vote
Keep a vice-president from assuming the office of the president if a vacancy opens in the office of president
Allow honorary officers or members to vote
Create an executive board
Appoint an executive committee
Impose financial assessments on members
Suspend a member's voting rights or drop a member from the rolls for nonpayment of dues or assessments
Hold meetings by telephone conference, videoconference, or e-mail
Hold special meetings


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Thursday, 06/30/1994
Classic Amphitheater, Richmond, VA
Soundcheck: Dog Log -> Jam
Set 1: DwDDown with Disease > Gumbo > Rift, GuelahGuelah Papyrus, SOAMeltSplit Open and Melt[1], Glide > SOAMuleScent of a Mule, Bouncin'Bouncing Around the Room, Frankenstein
Set 2: Wilson -> Maze, YEMYou Enjoy Myself -> Yerushalayim Shel Zahav -> YEMYou Enjoy Myself[2], Sparkle[3] > Axilla (Part II), Harpua -> Kung -> Harpua > Honky Tonk Women[4] > Harpua, AntelopeRun Like an Antelope, HYHUHold Your Head Up > Love You[5] > HYHUHold Your Head Up, CDTChalk Dust Torture
Encore: Sleeping Monkey > Poor Heart
[1] Vocal jam.
[2] Redrum screeches from Trey in vocal jam, and Trey on megaphone.
[3] Redrum screeches from Trey.
[4] Sean Hoppe on vocals.
[5] Band intros.
· Harpua and Rhapsody in Blue teases in Run Like an Antelope
· Harpua tease in Hold Your Head Up
Noteworthy Jams: Split Open and Melt (highly recommended), Run Like an Antelope (highly recommended)
Average Song Gap: 9.43
Performers: Trey Anastasio, Page McConnell, Jon Fishman, Mike Gordon, Sean Hoppe (Guest)
Notes: Sean Hoppe, an audience member, was invited on stage during Harpua to sing Honky Tonk Women as Jimmy. The Antelope intro and HYHU subsequently included Harpua teases. Antelope also contained a Rhapsody in Blue tease from Page. Split Open and Melt included a vocal jam. Love You contained band intros and an unusually long vacuum solo. Both the YEM vocal jam and Sparkle had "Redrum" screeches from Trey, referencing the movie The Shining. Trey also used his megaphone during YEM.
Song Distribution:
7 Stash
4 A Picture of Nectar
3 Hoist
3 Rift
3 Lawn Boy
2 The White Tape
1 Junta
1 The Man Who Stepped into Yesterday
Songs by Debut Year:
This show was part of the "1994 Summer Tour."


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There was a divide among the guys and the gals last night: Hillary Duff appeared as the school's bitchy Mean Girls-type leader, the girls adopted Abed into their clan, who fought against silly bitches with his cruel words.
The girls realize that they can use Abed's aspergers syndrome to their own advantage (read: his unfiltered thoughts about the appearances of girls around the school.) Because they're sick of the snotty bitches that think they rule the school, they use his words to defeat the clan of skanks.
Eventually, this all goes to their heads and Abed eventually knocks Shirley, Britta, and Annie down a peg and restores the order. Meanwhile, Troy and Jeff stumbled upon something wonderful while playing a game of hoops.
Inside, the meet a janitor who guards the trampoline. Cue the gratuitous shots of Joel McHale and Donald Glover's biceps!
Eventually, Pierce discovers the reason that Troy and Jeff are so chilled out and demands to be double-bounced. This is strictly against the rules, and Troy does so against his will. Pierce gets what he asks for — in the form of a comedic fall into the trash!
Because of Pierce, the trampoline is destroyed and the janitor is fired. When Troy and Jeff go to apologize to him, they realize he's not exactly who they thought he was.
In the end, Pierce finds his own paradise—pills! Wonder if they'll continue to use this storyline for the rest of the season? It just might make Pierce more interesting.


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It's been dubbed as the "dairy cliff," and if lawmakers don't give this bill some attention soon, farmers will continue operation under a 1940s law since the farm bill expired three months ago.Federal funding assured through March 2013 has kept prices at the average for now, but if the first of the year comes and goes without any action on the farm bill, prices could skyrocket.The cost would be based on the cost of production, set over 64 years ago, which would pass along more cost to the consumers.
The solution? Remove all price supports and let the price of milk find its market level. It may end up being even lower than we've been paying of late, given the vast improvement in dairy productivity over the years.
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Progress Lighting P5434-31 Black Westport Two-Light Post Lantern with Clear Seeded Glass Shade and Ribbed Details
Weekend Clearance Lighting Sale Limited Time Only
Save an additional 10% off of already discounted prices when you use coupon CLEARANCE10
Offer Ends 7/31/2016
Technical Specs
|Specification Sheet
|Progress Lighting Catalog
|Bulb Base
|Candelabra (E12), GU24
|Bulb Type
|Compact Fluorescent, Incandescent
|Glass Features
|Seedy Glass
|Light Direction
|Ambient Lighting, Up Lighting
|Location Rating
|Wet Location
|Motion Sensor
|Number of Bulbs
|Product Weight
|Shade Shape
|Shade Type
|Seedy Glass
|Suggested Room Fit
|UL Listed
|UL Rating
|Wet Location
|120, 36
|Watts Per Bulb
|18, 60
Need to add some classic style to light up your pathways? Look no further with this traditional and classy post lantern from the Westport collection. Clear seeded glass encircles two 60 watt bulbs offering bright clean light to make pathways safe and elegant. The fixture fits a standard 3" post and is UL listed, so it will stand up to the harshest conditions.
- Outdoor post lantern
- Clear seeded glass
- Fits 3" post or pedestal
- UL Listed
- Width: 11"
- Height: 19"
- Uses (2) 60w candelabra base bulbs (not included)
- Total Wattage: 120
Additional Progress Lighting Links
- View Manufacturer Warranty
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- Shop All Progress Lighting Westport Collection Products
Our SKU: P5434
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
- Antique Bronze
- Black
- White
*Denotes a finish or option that has been discontinued
2 Questions from the Community
The Progress Lighting P5434 does not come with a photocell. The 8206-PL is the version that comes with the photocell.
does this come with photcell? It came up in my search for photocell but i don't see there reference
A. The Progress Lighting P5434 does not come with a photocell. The 8206-PL is the version that comes with the photocell.
The Progress Lighting P8726 Traditional / Classic Pier Mount is the correct mount.
What is the part number for a matching "pier mount"?
A. The Progress Lighting P8726 Traditional / Classic Pier Mount is the correct mount.
Product Reviews
Progress Lighting
Progress Lighting Westport Collection
Other Products In The Progress Lighting Westport Collection
Progress Lighting P5864
Westport 2 Light 19" Tall Outdoor Wall Sconce with...$112.00-$130.50(1)
Progress Lighting P5863
Westport 1 Light 16" Tall Outdoor Wall Sconce with...$82.62-$86.76(2)
Progress Lighting P5862
Westport 1 Light 13" Tall Outdoor Wall Sconce with...$42.03-$44.10(3)
Progress Lighting P5530
Westport Single-Light Outdoor Hanging Lantern with...$85.00-$99.27(6)
Progress Lighting P5445
Westport Single-Light Post Lantern with Clear Seed...$82.89-$82.89(1)
Warranty Info
Progress Lighting
1 Year Product Warranty
When properly installed and under normal conditions of use, Progress Lighting, Inc. ("Seller") warrants its manufactured products, including their metal finishes ("Product(s)") will conform to its catalogue specifications and be free from defects in materials or workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of sale to end user, as specified in Seller's shipment documents for each Product (extended warranties may apply to Seller's fan motors and Energy Star® Products as indicated in Seller's Product manuals). Warping of wooden or plastic blades is not covered by this warranty. This warranty excludes fluorescent ballasts and high intensity discharge (HID) components, and Buyer agrees to make all claims regarding defects or deficiencies therefore according to the warranty of the manufacturer thereof as its sole source of recourse or compensation. Seller's obligations under this warranty and Buyer's sole remedy for its breach to the fullest extent permitted by law, shall be limited to the value of the cost of repair or replacement of the Product, pursuant to a written warranty claim validated in writing by Seller. IN NO EVENT SHALL SELLER BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSSES OR ACTUAL DAMAGES TO ANY CLAIMANT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, MULTIPLE, OR OTHER SUCH INDIRECT DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOSS OF REVENUES OR PROFITS), WHETHER ARISING OUT OF OR AS A RESULT OF BREACH OF CONTRACT, WARRANTY (EXCEPT THOSE SET FORTH HERIN), TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INFRINGEMENT OR OTHERWISE. In no case does this warranty extend to anybody other than Seller's customers, and no one is authorized to extend warranties or remedies on Seller's behalf. To be valid, the warranty claim must be made: (a) in writing according to Seller's procedures existing at the time of the claim, (b) within thirty (30) days of discovery of the defect, (c) within the applicable warranty period, and (d) include the dated store receipt or invoice evidencing purchase of the Product. Warranty claims should be sent to: Progress Lighting, Inc., P.O. Box 6701, Greenville, SC 29606. Products may be returned only after a Return Authorization Number has been issued by Seller's customer service department. Any unauthorized return, repair, replacement, modification or misuse of the Products by Buyer shall void the warranty. THIS WARRANTY IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR SUCH PRODUCTS, AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER EXPRESS AND IMPLIED WARRANTIES. SELLER SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


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Got a new book from Ardie Davis (aka Remus Powers PHB) and Paul Kirk.
America's Best Ribs: Tips and Recipes for Easy, Lip-Smacking, Pull-Off-the-Bone, Pass-the-Sauce, Championship-Quality BBQ Ribs at Home
Both of these BBQ gentlemen have put out multiples of books before such as:
The Kansas City Barbeque Society Cookbook, 25th Anniversary Edition
America's Best BBQ: 100 Recipes from America's Best Smokehouses, Pits, Shacks, Rib Joints, Roadhouses, and Restaurants
Back Cover:
This one is all about RIBS… Delicious…mouthwatering …goodness that is ribs. No boiling needed……….
Ribs is the one thing everyone absolutely loves to make on the grill. I get asked more questions about ribs than any other meat.
They cover off all types of ribs in this book: Pork, Beef, Bison, Mutton and lamb. The recipes are varied and there are step by step instructions on how to make ribs that will make you look like a Champion right in your own backyard! Plus desserts & side dishes .. really yummy side dishes like this corn recipe:
I really enjoy looking through BBQ books that have lots of great but not perfect pictures. Completely staged pictures with perfect drops of sauce really don't float my boat. I prefer pictures that showcase real BBQ the not so perfect kind. I love the fact that real pictures are used in this book. There are lots of great pictures used from a variety of BBQ Contests and gatherings. Many people from around the BBQ circuit and BBQ Legends like Pat Burke.
There is a community feel to this book that is terrific. Lots of contributions from many folks in the BBQ community. In addition there are a ton of recipes that anyone from the inexperienced to the competitor will really use. The book will be available for sale May 1, 2012 . I think it would make an ideal gift for any avid griller and a wonderful Fathers day gift.


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Little Rock, Ark. & Lake Forest, Ill. (Nov. 9) – Arkansas Children's Hospital (ACH) has committed to minimizing environmental impact and making good decisions for the benefit of community health and safety by implementing Stericycle's Pharmaceutical Waste Compliance program.
A December 2009 study by the University of Chicago Hospitals published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that the American health care sector accounts for 8 percent of the U.S. carbon footprint. The analysis found that hospitals are by far the largest contributor of carbon emissions in the health care sector.
"Arkansas Children's Hospital strives to protect our patients – even when they're not in our immediate care. By employing this new pharmaceutical waste program, we reinforce a promise to the community," said David Berry, senior vice president and chief operating officer of ACH. "Kids deserve to grow up with clean water in the healthiest environment possible; this initiative brings us one step closer to that goal."
A pharmaceutical waste compliance service helps hospitals address the growing concern of pharmaceutical waste that enters the public water system. The 1999-2000 U.S. Geological Survey found 80 percent of streams sampled had at least one waste contaminant. Waste contaminants included pharmaceutical drugs such as endocrine disrupters and antibiotics.
In a similar study in 2008, an Associated Press survey reported detection of pharmaceuticals in drinking water serving 41 million Americans. This result may not seem surprising when one considers that between 1993 and 2009, more than 1,500 drugs were approved by the FDA, nearly an 11 percent increase over 20081, and that hospitals are large users of pharmaceuticals for patient care. The average hospital pharmacy formulary contains between 2,000 and 5,000 drugs.
Hospitals' pharmaceutical waste typically includes partially dispensed drugs, which further complicates the disposal process. The Stericycle Pharmaceutical Waste Compliance program works directly with ACH to effectively and efficiently characterize, segregate, transport and properly dispose of drug waste to keep the hospital ahead of the compliance curve.
Stericycle works closely with the ACH staff to educate and train hospital teams on Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Transportation regulations to meet regulatory standards, protect the community and environment, and to reduce risk associated with hazardous pharmaceuticals.
Arkansas Children's Hospital is the only pediatric medical center in Arkansas and one of the largest in the United States serving children. The campus spans 28 city blocks and houses 316 beds, a staff of approximately 500 physicians, 80 residents in pediatrics and pediatric specialties and more than 4,000 employees. The private, nonprofit healthcare facility boasts an internationally renowned reputation for medical breakthroughs and intensive treatments, unique surgical procedures and forward-thinking medical research - all dedicated to fulfilling our mission of enhancing, sustaining and restoring children's health and development. ACH recently ranked No. 85 on FORTUNE 100 Best Companies to Work For®. For more information, visit www.archildrens.org.
Lake Forest, IL-based Stericycle (NASDAQ: SRCL) is a leader in healthcare-related services that protect people and reduce risk. With more than 430,000 customers worldwide, Stericycle has operations in North America, Europe, and Latin America. Visit www.stericycle.com.
Statements in this news release may contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control (for example, general economic conditions). Actual results could differ significantly from the results described in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause such differences include changes in governmental regulation of medical waste collection and treatment and increases in transportation and other operating costs, as well as the other factors described in our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. As a result, past financial performance should not be considered a reliable indicator of future performance, and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate future results or trends. We make no commitment to disclose any subsequent revisions to forward-looking statements.
1 source: The University Chicago Medical Center
2 Source: www.accessdata.fda.gov.


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As part of the eleven regionally-based programs within the Ontario Stroke System, the Toronto Stroke Networks (TSNs) is a collaborative of the North & East GTA Stroke Network (NEGTASN), the South East Toronto Stroke Network (SETSN), and the Toronto West Stroke Network (TWSN).
Through collaboration, education, and innovation, the TSNs work closely with many partners in Toronto to ensure quality stroke care and improve the outcomes and experience of persons with stroke and their families.
For questions or concerns, please email us at moc.ekortsotnull@ofni.
[placeholder in white]
A stroke survivor speaks out – Stacey Yepes Video
A video demonstrating what a stroke looks like, developed by the Licensor.
[placeholder in white]
© 2014, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
Used under License. www.heartandstroke.ca


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Mini Regaliz 10x5mm Stitched Blue Jeans Oval Leather by the Inch
Give your designs a unique leather foundation with the Mini Regaliz 10x5mm stitched blue jeans oval leather. This leather features a half moon shape. One side is rounded, while the other side is flat. What makes this stringing material unique is the stitching along the edges of the leather. It creates a textured, dimensional look full of style. This leather features a denim blue coloring. It would pair well with rich browns and creamy neutrals. This leather is sold by the inch, so you can order just the right amount for your needs.
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I have only one question at this time :-)
Can i use NN3 mk2 with my nikon d300s + nikkor 18-35mm lens?
I have only one question at this time :-)
Can i use NN3 mk2 with my nikon d300s + nikkor 18-35mm lens?
D300s is quite heavy. nikkor 18-35mm is quite long at 18mm fl. I suggest you get the NN4 instead.
3.258" extension from flange x 3.254" diameter (82.76 x 82.64mm) when set to 28mm.
The 18-35mm gets slightly longer at the 35mm setting and grows to a maximum of 3.590" (91.17mm) when set to the 18mm setting.
Focus is internal, so nothing moves as focussed.
Nikon specifies 3.2" (81mm) around and 3.2" (81mm) long.
We listen. We try harder.
lens weight - 370g and camera body is - 840g
so kits summary weight - 1210g, as i see it is lower than "Ideal working weight load - 1300g" for nn3...
My concerns are more related to the size of the lens ... what is maximum lens size for nn3? maybe there are some extension accessories or...?
p.s. nn3 already shipped to me, so there is no way to buy nn4 instead :)
OK, it is what it is.
It most of all depends on the upper rail setting you need for your lens. URS = upper rail setting max setting for NN3 is 106,5 mm. For NN4 139mm, NN5 149mm. The kit-lenses like 18-105 or 18-200 need URS around 104mm. Then it depends on weight.
Our friend DennisS has used his D300 with Sigma 8mm on NN3, similar weight to your lens on NN3. So it might work with your lens as well.
I tested my D300 on NN3 with different lenses. It is at the border line for some combinations. So as Nick, I would have tended to NN4 which I have as well, just to let you know I know what I am talking about. Anyway. Test LRS = lower rail setting 55mm with Nadir Adapter or 61mm without. Different Nikkor 18mm -xx lenses start around 104mm URS. 17-55/f2.8 is around 123mm. So you can realize, it can change a lot.
Let me know if you have problems and I'll try to find a work around. A "cheap" alternative to your lens would be a 8mm Samyang/f3.5 AE with the new Nikon microchip around 300.
i think ill wait till i get my nn3 kit before asking more questions :-)


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Common Problems When You Begin Breastfeeding
In This Article:
Often, the baby latches on more readily to one breast than the other. Perhaps one nipple is easier to grasp, or the milk on that side flows more freely. It is important to keep working with the baby to take the less-preferred side as quickly as possible, to assure that both breasts receive adequate stimulation and emptying. You can start feedings on the "difficult" side and see if the baby cooperates more when he is hungry. If he starts to fuss too much, switch to the preferred breast and let him settle and nurse. Then, building on this success, resume your attempts on the other side. If your baby isn't taking both breasts well by the time your milk comes in abundantly you should start using a hospital-grade rental electric breast pump to regularly remove milk from the breast that isn't being suckled. (I actually recommend pumping both breasts simultaneously since it takes no longer than pumping one side and will help keep the overall milk production generous.) Breast preferences very quickly can cause a lopsided milk supply, which only aggravates the problem. The baby's preference for using one breast results in greater milk production on that side, which in turn makes the baby prefer the better-producing breast even more. Many mothers attest to the effectiveness of a simple maneuver to entice the baby to take the less-preferred breast. Start nursing on the favored side (a cross-cradle hold works well) and then slide the baby over to the second breast without changing his position. As one woman explained, "My baby just thinks I have two left breasts."
Nipple Pain
During the first couple of days of breastfeeding, women often will complain of slight nipple discomfort for the first minute after latch-on. Severe nipple pain that lasts throughout the feeding, or nipple discomfort that doesn't improve once your milk comes in, suggests that the baby is either attached incorrectly or is sucking improperly. You shouldn't need a high pain threshold in order to breastfeed. Severe pain means something is wrong, so don't ignore this important clue. Get help right away with your nursing technique. The most common problem is that the baby is not opening wide enough and is latching on to the tip of the nipple instead of taking a large mouthful of breast. Other strategies to improve sore nipples include patting the nipples dry after feeds and applying USP Modified Lanolin (medical grade); nursing for shorter periods at more frequent intervals; and starting feedings on the least-sore side, then moving the baby to the more pain-ful side once let-down has been triggered.
Baby Isn't Satisfied After Nursing. Some new mothers become frustrated because their baby nurses for prolonged periods but doesn't seem satisfied. Often these are larger babies, over eight or nine pounds, who act persistently hungry until the mother's milk increases around the third day. Sometimes the baby will settle when swaddled snugly, held by his mother or father, or allowed to sleep on a parent's chest. Despite what I said earlier about not using a pacifier, such a baby might need one for a day or so. As long as the baby nurses well and often, short-term use of a pacifier is not likely to interfere with subsequent breastfeeding. If supplemental milk is temporarily required until your milk increases in volume, it can be offered by SNS, cup, or bottle. (Ask about using a hypoallergenic formula if you have a family history of allergies, asthma, or other allergic disease.) If the baby is already a proficient nurser, he probably will continue to breastfeed just fine. Be sure to nurse as often as possible and try to discontinue any supplements as soon as your milk starts to increase. If the baby still isn't being satisfied by the fourth day, notify your baby's doctor and seek additional help with breastfeeding. It's possible the infant isn't nursing correctly and may not be obtaining the milk he needs.
Uncomfortable Breast Engorgement
Few mothers these days are still in the hospital when their milk starts coming in abundantly. More typically, postpartum breast engorgement occurs once a mother has gone home. Exceptions to this include some mothers with C-section deliveries and those with longer stays due to medical complications. Milk coming in abundantly typically causes noticeable breast swelling, tenderness, and firmness. Latch-on may become more difficult due to flattening of the nipple and firmness of the areola. The result can be improper attachment and nipple pain. For some women, engorgement can be a source of discomfort and frustration, especially when excessive pressure interferes with milk flow. When engorgement is unrelieved, the residual milk and pressure can cause the mother's milk supply to decline rapidly.
Early and frequent nursing (at least every two to three hours) is the best way to prevent excessive breast engorgement. Applying warm compresses before nursing often helps start milk flowing, while cool compresses between feedings help relieve pressure and discomfort. Express some milk before nursing, preferably using a hospital-grade electric breast pump, to soften your breasts and draw out your nipples. Pay careful attention to proper nursing technique to assure your baby latches on correctly and obtains the maximum amount of milk.
From Dr. Mom's Guide to Breastfeeding by Marianne R. Neifert. Copyright © 1998 by Marianne R. Neifert. Used by arrangement with Plume, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
To order this book visit Amazon.