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The two major forms of diabetes are type 1, previously called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes, and type 2, previously called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or maturity-onset diabetes.
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes share one central feature: elevated blood sugar (glucose) levels due to absolute or relative insufficiencies of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin is a key regulator of the body's metabolism. It normally works in the following way:
In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce insulin. Onset is usually in childhood or adolescence. Type 1 diabetes is considered an autoimmune disorder.
Patients with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin. Dietary control in type 1 diabetes is very important and focuses on balancing food intake with insulin intake and energy expenditure from physical exertion.
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for 90 - 95% of cases. In type 2 diabetes, the body does not respond properly to insulin, a condition known as insulin resistance. In type 2 diabetes, the initial effect of this stage is usually an abnormal rise in blood sugar right after a meal (called postprandial hyperglycemia).
Patients whose blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not yet high enough to be classified as diabetes, are considered to have pre-diabetes.It is very important that people with pre-diabetes control their weight to stop or delay the progression to diabetes.
Obesity is common in patients with type 2 diabetes, and this condition appears to be related to insulin resistance. The primary dietary goal for overweight type 2 patients is weight loss and maintenance. With regular exercise and diet modification programs, many people with type 2 diabetes can minimize or even avoid medications. Weight loss medications or bariatric surgery may be appropriate for some patients.
Lifestyle changes of diet and exercise are extremely important for people who have pre-diabetes, or who are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle interventions can be very effective in preventing or postponing the progression to diabetes. These interventions are especially important for overweight people. Even moderate weight loss can help reduce diabetes risk.
The American Diabetes Association recommends that people at high risk for type 2 diabetes eat high-fiber (14g fiber for every 1,000 calories) and whole-grain foods. High intake of fiber, especially from whole grain cereals and breads, can help reduce type 2 diabetes risk.
Patients with diabetes also need to be aware of their heart health nutrition, in particular, controlling high blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
For people who have diabetes, the treatment goals for a diabetes diet are:
Overall Guidelines. There is no such thing as a single diabetes diet. Patients should meet with a professional dietitian to plan an individualized diet within the general guidelines that takes into consideration their own health needs.
For example, a patient with type 2 diabetes who is overweight and insulin-resistant may need to have a different carbohydrate-protein balance than a thin patient with type 1 diabetes in danger of kidney disease. Because regulating diabetes is an individual situation, everyone with this condition should get help from a dietary professional in selecting the diet best for them.
Several good dietary methods are available to meet the goals described above. General dietary guidelines for diabetes recommend:
Several different dietary methods are available for controlling blood sugar in type 1 and insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes:
Tests for Glucose Levels. Both low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) are of concern for patients who take insulin. It is important, therefore, to monitor blood glucose levels carefully. Patients should aim for the following measurements:
Glycosylated Hemoglobin Test. Hemoglobin A1c (also called HbA1c , HA1c, or A1C) is measured periodically every 2 - 3 months, or at least twice a year, to determine the average blood-sugar level over the lifespan of the red blood cell. While fingerprick self-testing provides information on blood glucose for that day, the HbA1c test shows how well blood sugar has been controlled over the period of several months. For most people with well-controlled diabetes, HbA1c levels should be at or below 7%.
Other Tests. Other tests are needed periodically to determine potential complications of diabetes, such as high blood pressure, unhealthy cholesterol levels, and kidney problems. Such tests may also indicate whether current diet plans are helping the patient and whether changes should be made. Annual urine tests for microalbuminuria and creatinine proteins can indicate a future risk for serious kidney disease.
Food Labels. Every year thousands of new foods are introduced, many of them advertised as nutritionally beneficial. It is important for everyone, most especially people with diabetes, to be able to differentiate advertised claims from truth. The current food labels show the number of calories from fat, the amount of nutrients that are potentially dangerous (fat, cholesterol, sodium, and sugars) as well as useful nutrients (fiber, carbohydrates, protein, and vitamins).
Labels also show "daily values," the percentage of a daily diet that each of the important nutrients offers in a single serving. This daily value is based on 2,000 calories, which is often higher than what most patients with diabetes should have, and the serving sizes may not be equivalent to those on diabetic exchange lists. Most people will need to recalculate the grams and calories listed on food labels to fit their own serving sizes and calorie needs.
Weighing and Measuring. Weighing and measuring food is extremely important to get the correct number of daily calories.
Timing. Patients with diabetes should not skip meals, particularly if they are taking insulin. Skipping meals can upset the balance between food intake and insulin and also can lead to low blood sugar and even weight gain if the patient eats extra food to offset hunger and low blood sugar levels.
The timing of meals is particularly important for people taking insulin:
Diabetes can lead to kidney disease and failure. People with early-stage kidney failure need to follow a special diet that slows the build-up of wastes in the bloodstream. The diet restricts protein, potassium, phosphorus, and salt intake. Fat and carbohydrate intake may need to be increased to help maintain weight and muscle tissue.
People who have late-stage kidney disease usually need dialysis. Once patients are on dialysis, they need more protein in their diet. Patients must still be very careful about restricting salt, potassium, phosphorus, and fluids. Patients on peritoneal dialysis may have fewer restrictions on salt, potassium, and phosphorus than those on hemodialysis.
Compared to fats and protein, carbohydrates have the greatest impact on blood sugar (glucose). Except for dietary fiber, which is not digestible, carbohydrates are eventually broken down by the body into glucose. Carbohydrate types are either complex (as in starches) or simple (as in fruits and sugars).
One gram of carbohydrates provides 4 calories. The current general recommendation is that carbohydrates should provide between 45 - 65% of the daily caloric intake. Carbohydrate intake should not fall below 130 grams/day.
Complex carbohydrates are broken down more slowly by the body than simple carbohydrates. They are more likely to provide other nutritional components and fiber.
Simple carbohydrates, or sugars (either as sucrose or fructose), adds calories, increases blood glucose levels quickly, and provides little or no other nutrients.
The Carbohydrate Counting System. Some people plan their carbohydrate intake using a system called carbohydrate counting. It is based on two premises:
In other words, the amount of carbohydrates eaten (rather than fats or proteins) will determine how high blood sugar levels will rise. There are two options for counting carbohydrates: advanced and simple. Both rely on collaboration with a doctor, dietitian, or both. Once the patient learns how to count carbohydrates and adjust insulin doses to their meals, many find it more flexible, more accurate in predicting blood sugar increases, and easier to plan meals than other systems.
The basic goal is to balance insulin with the amount of carbohydrates eaten in order to control blood glucose levels after a meal. The steps to the plan are as follows:
The patient must first carefully record a number of factors that are used to determine the specific requirements for a meal plan based on carbohydrate grams:
The patient works with the dietitian for two or three 45 - 90 minute sessions to plan how many grams of carbohydrates are needed. There are three carbohydrate groups:
One serving from each group should contain 12 - 15 carbohydrate grams. (Patients can find the amount of carbohydrates in foods from labels on commercial foods and from a number of books and web sites.)
The dietitian creates a meal plan that accommodates the patient's weight and needs, as determined by the patient's record, and makes a special calculation called the carbohydrate to insulin ratio. This ratio determines the number of carbohydrate grams that a patient needs to cover the daily pre-meal insulin needs. Eventually, patients can learn to adjust their insulin doses to their meals.
Patients who choose this approach must still be aware of protein and fat content in foods. These food groups may add excessive calories and saturated fats. Patients must still follow basic healthy dietary principles.
The Glycemic Index. The glycemic index helps determine which carbohydrate-containing foods raise blood glucose levels more or less quickly after a meal. The index uses a scale of numbers for specific foods that reflect greatest to least delay in producing an increase in blood sugar after a meal. The lower the index number, the better the impact on glucose levels. Some evidence suggests that the benefit of foods with a low glycemic index is due to their ability to increase insulin levels quickly (thus removing blood sugar) rather than their ability to slow the release of blood sugar itself.
There are two indices in use. One uses a scale of 1 - 100 with 100 representing a glucose tablet, which has the most rapid effect on blood sugar. The other common index uses a scale with 100 representing white bread (so some foods will be above 100).
Choosing foods with low glycemic index scores often has a significant effect on controlling the surge in blood sugar after meals. Many of these foods are also high in fiber and so have heart benefits as well. Substituting low- for high-glycemic index foods may also help prevent weight gain.
One easy way to improve glycemic index is to simply replace starches and sugars with whole grains and legumes (dried peas, beans, and lentils). However, there are many factors that affect the glycemic index of foods, and maintaining a diet with low glycemic load is not straightforward.
No one should use the glycemic index as a complete dietary guide, since it does not provide nutritional guidelines for all foods. It is simply an indication of how the metabolism will respond to certain carbohydrates.
Low-Carbohydrate Diets. Low carb diets generally restrict the amount of carbohydrates but do not restrict protein sources. Popular low-carb diet plans include Atkins, South Beach, The Zone, and Sugar Busters.
According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), low-carb diets may help reduce weight in the short term (up to 1 year). However, because these diets tend to include more fat and protein, the ADA recommends that people on these diet plans have their blood lipids, including cholesterol and triglycerides, regularly monitored. Patients who have kidney problems need to be careful about protein consumption, as high-protein diets can worsen this condition.
Fiber is an important component of many complex carbohydrates. It is found only in plant foods such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts, and legumes (dried beans, peanuts, and peas). Fiber cannot be digested. Instead, it passes through the intestines, drawing water with it, and is eliminated as part of feces content. The following are specific advantages from high-fiber diets (up to 55 grams a day):
The Glycemic Index of Some Foods
Based on 100 = a Glucose Tablet
Sour dough
Whole wheat
Sweet corn
Brown rice
White rice
Red lentils
Kidney (dried and boiled, not canned)
Ice cream
All Bran
Swiss Muesli
Shredded Wheat
Corn Flakes
Puffed Rice
Spaghetti-protein enriched
Spaghetti (boiled 5 minutes)
Spaghetti (boiled 15 minutes)
Orange juice
Instant mashed
Potato chips
Oatmeal cookies
Corn chips
Refined sugar
Note. These numbers are general values, but they may vary widely depending on other factors, including if and how they are cooked and foods they are combined with.
Replacing fats and sugars with substitutes may help some people who have trouble maintaining weight.
Fat Substitutes. Fat substitutes added to commercial foods or used in baking, deliver some of the desirable qualities of fat, but do not add as many calories. They cannot be eaten in unlimited amounts. Fat substitutes include:
Artificial Sweeteners. Artificial sweeteners use chemicals to mimic the sweetness of sugar. These products do not contain calories and do not affect blood sugar. Artificial sweeteners approved by the FDA include:
Sugar alcohols (which include xylitol, mannitol, and sorbitol) are often used in "sugar-free" products, such as cookies, hard candies, and chewing gum. Sugar alcohols can slightly increase blood sugar levels. The American Diabetes Association recommends against consuming large amounts of sugar alcohol as it can cause gas and diarrhea, especially in children.
Protein intake in diabetes is complicated and depends on various factors. These factors include whether a patient has type 1, type 2, or pre-diabetes. There are additional guidelines for patients who show signs of kidney damage (diabetic nephropathy).
In general, diabetes dietary guidelines recommend that proteins should provide 12 - 20% of total daily calories. This daily amount poses no risk to the kidney in people who do not have kidney disease. Protein is important for strong muscles and bone. Some doctors recommend a higher proportion of protein (20 - 30%) for patients with pre- or type 2 diabetes. They think that eating more protein helps people feel more full and thus reduces overall calories. In addition, protein consumption helps the body maintain lean body mass during weight loss.
Patients with diabetic kidney problems need to limit their intake of protein. A typical protein-restricted diet limits protein intake to no more than 10% of total daily calories. Patients with kidney damage also need to limit their intake of phosphorus, a mineral found in dairy products, beans, and nuts. (However, patients on dialysis need to have more protein in their diets.) Potassium and phosphorus restriction is often necessary as well.
One gram of protein provides 4 calories. Protein is commonly recommended as part of a bedtime snack to maintain normal blood sugar levels during the night, although studies are mixed over whether it adds any protective benefits against nighttime hypoglycemia. If it does, only small amounts (14 grams) may be needed to stabilize blood glucose levels.
Good sources of protein include fish, skinless chicken or turkey, nonfat or low-fat dairy products, soy (tofu), and legumes (kidney beans, black beans, chick peas, lentils).
Fish. Fish is probably the best source of protein. Evidence suggests that eating moderate amounts of fish (twice a week) may improve triglycerides and help lower the risks for death from heart disease, dangerous heart rhythms, blood pressure, a tendency for blood clots, and the risk for stroke.
The most healthy fish are oily fish such as salmon, mackerel, or sardines, which are high in omega-3 fatty acids. Three capsules of fish oil (preferably as supplements of DHA-EPA) are about equivalent to one serving of fish.
Women who are pregnant (or planning on becoming pregnant) or nursing should avoid fish that contains high amount of mercury. These high-mercury fish include swordfish, tuna, bass, and mackerel.
Soy. Soy is an excellent food. It is rich in both soluble and insoluble fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, and provides all essential proteins. Soy proteins have more vitamins and minerals than meat or dairy proteins. They also contain polyunsaturated fats, which are better than the saturated fat found in meat. The best sources of soy protein are soy products (tofu, soy milk, soybeans). Soy sauce is not a good source. It contains only a trace amount of soy and is very high in sodium.
For many years, soy was promoted as a food that could help lower cholesterol and improve heart disease risk factors. Recent studies have found that soy protein and isoflavone supplement pills do not have major effects on cholesterol or heart disease prevention. The American Heart Association still encourages patients to include soy foods as part of an overall heart healthy diet, but does not recommend using isoflavone supplements.
Meat and Poultry. Lean cuts of meat are the best choice for heart health and diabetes control. Saturated fat in meat is the primary danger to the heart. The fat content of meat varies depending on the type and cut. For patients with diabetes, skinless chicken or turkey is a better choice than red meat. (Fish is an even better choice.)
Dairy Products. A high intake of dairy products may lower risk factors related to type 2 diabetes and heart disease (insulin resistance, high blood pressure, obesity, and unhealthy cholesterol). Some researchers suggest the calcium in dairy products may be partially responsible for these benefits. However, because many dairy products are high in saturated fats and calories, it's best to choose low-fat and nonfat dairy items.
Some fat is essential for normal body function. Fats can have good or bad effects on health, depending on their chemistry. New research suggests that the type of fat is more important than the total amount of fat when it comes to reducing heart disease. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are "good" fats that help promote heart health, and should be the main type of fats consumed. Saturated fats and trans fats (trans fatty acids) are "bad" fats that can contribute to heart disease, and should be avoided or limited.
Current dietary guidelines for diabetes and heart health recommend that:
All fats, good or bad, are high in calories compared to proteins and carbohydrates. In order to calculate daily fat intake, multiply the number of fat grams eaten by nine (1 fat gram provides 9 calories, whether it's oil or fat) and divide by the number of total daily calories desired. One teaspoon of oil, butter, or other fats contains about 5 grams of fat. All fats, no matter what the source, add the same calories. The American Heart Association recommends that fats and oils have fewer than 2 grams of saturated fat per tablespoon.
Try to replace saturated fats and trans fatty acids with unsaturated fats from plant and fish oils. Omega-3 fatty acids, which are found in fish and a few plant sources, are a good source of unsaturated fats. Generally, two servings of fish per week provide a healthful amount of omega-3 fatty acids. Fish oil dietary supplements are another option. Fish and fish oil supplements contain docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, which have significant benefits for the heart. Discuss with your doctor whether you should consider taking fish oil supplements.
Low-Fat Diets. The American Diabetes Association states that low-fat diets can help reduce weight in the short term (up to 1 year). Low-fat diets that are high in fiber, whole grains, legumes, and fresh produce can offer health advantages for cholesterol control. These foods are also lower on the glycemic index than high-glycemic foods such as white bread, white potatoes, and pasta.
The story on cholesterol found in the diet is not entirely straightforward. The body produces cholesterol naturally and obtains it through meals. Animal-based food products contain cholesterol. High amounts occur in meat, dairy products, egg yolks, and shellfish. (Plant foods, such as fruits, nuts, and grains, do not contain cholesterol.) The American Heart Association recommends no more than 300 mg of dietary cholesterol per day for the general population and no more than 200 mg daily for those with high cholesterol or heart disease.
Research on the effects of vitamin supplements on heart disease and diabetes has been mixed. Because of the lack of scientific evidence for benefit, the American Diabetes Association does not recommend regular use of vitamin supplements, except for people who have vitamin deficiencies.
Patients with type 2 diabetes who take metformin (Glucophage) should be aware that this drug can interfere with vitamin B12 absorption. Calcium supplements may help counteract metformin-associated vitamin B12 deficiency.
It is a good idea for everyone to restrict their salt intake to less than 2,300 mg (about 1 teaspoon) a day. People with existing high blood pressure may need to reduce sodium intake to less than 1,500 mg daily. Limiting or avoiding consumption of processed foods can go a long way to reducing salt intake. Simply eliminating table and cooking salt is also beneficial.
Salt substitutes, such as Nusalt and Mrs. Dash, (which contain mixtures of potassium, sodium, and magnesium) are available, but they can be risky for people with kidney disease or those who take blood pressure medication that causes potassium retention. Similarly, while eating more potassium-rich foods is helpful for achieving healthy blood pressure, patients with diabetes should check with their doctors before increasing the amount of potassium in their diets.
Calcium. Calcium supplements may be important in older patients with diabetes to help reduce the risk for osteoporosis, particularly if their diets are low in dairy products.
Potassium and Phosphorus. Potassium-rich foods, and potassium supplements, can help lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Current guidelines support the use of potassium supplements or enough dietary potassium to achieve 3,500 mg per day for people with normal or high blood pressure (who have no risk factors for excess potassium levels). This goal is particularly important in people who have high sodium intake.
The best source of potassium is from the fruits and vegetables that contain them. Potassium-rich foods include bananas, oranges, pears, prunes, cantaloupes, tomatoes, dried peas and beans, nuts, potatoes, and avocados. No one should take potassium supplements without consulting a doctor. Kidney problems can cause potassium overload, and medications commonly used in diabetes (such as ACE inhibitors or potassium-sparing diuretics) also limit the kidney's ability to excrete potassium. Patients with diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease) and kidney failure need to restrict dietary potassium, as well as phosphorus. Phosphorus-rich foods that should be avoided include meats, dairy products, beans, whole foods, and nuts. In addition, many processed and fast foods contain high amounts of phosphorus additives.
Magnesium. Magnesium deficiency may have some role in insulin resistance and high blood pressure. Research indicates that magnesium-rich diets may help lower type 2 diabetes risk. Whole grain breads and cereals, nuts (almonds, cashews, soybeans), and certain fruits and vegetables (spinach, avocados, beans) are excellent dietary sources of magnesium. Dietary supplements do not provide any benefit. Persons who live in soft water areas, who use diuretics, or who have other risk factors for magnesium deficiency may require more dietary magnesium than others.
Chromium. Most studies have indicated that chromium supplements have little or no effect on glucose metabolism and may cause adverse side effects.
Selenium. Selenium, a trace mineral, does not reduce diabetes risk. In fact, it may increase it. An average healthy diet supplies adequate amounts of selenium. There is no need to take dietary supplements.
Zinc. Many patients with type 2 diabetes are also deficient in zinc. More studies are needed to establish the benefits or risks of taking supplements. Zinc has some toxic side effects, and some studies have associated high zinc intake with prostate cancer.
Alcohol. The American Diabetes Association recommends limiting alcoholic beverages to 1 drink per day for non-pregnant adult women and 2 drinks per day for adult men.
Coffee. Many studies have noted an association between coffee consumption (both caffeinated and decaffeinated) and reduced risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Researchers are still not certain if coffee protects against diabetes.
Generally, manufacturers of herbal remedies and dietary supplements do not need FDA approval to sell their products. Just like a drug, herbs and supplements can affect the body's chemistry, and therefore have the potential to produce side effects that may be harmful. There have been a number of reported cases of serious and even lethal side effects from herbal products. Patients should always check with their doctors before using any herbal remedies or dietary supplements.
Traditional herbal remedies for diabetes include bitter melon, cinnamon, fenugreek, and Gymnema sylvestre. Few well-designed studies have examined these herbs' effects on blood sugar, and there is not enough evidence to recommend them for prevention or treatment of diabetes.
Various fraudulent products are often sold on the Internet as "cures" or treatments for diabetes. These dietary supplements have not been studied or approved. The FDA warns patients with diabetes not to be duped by bogus and unproven remedies.
The American Diabetes Association recommends that patients aim for a small but consistent weight loss of ½ - 1 pound per week. Most patients should follow a diet that supplies at least 1,000 - 1,200 kcal/day for women and 1,200 - 1,600 kcal/day for men.
Even modest weight loss can reduce the risk factors for heart disease and diabetes. There are many approaches to dieting and many claims for great success with various fad diets. They include calorie restriction, low-fat/high-fiber, or high protein and fat/low carbohydrates. Some evidence suggests that people may respond differently to specific diets depending on whether their weight is overly distributed around the abdomen.
Here are some general weight-loss suggestions that may be helpful:
Even repeated weight loss failure is no reason to give up.
Calorie restriction has been the cornerstone of obesity treatment. Restricting calories in such cases also appears to have beneficial effects on cholesterol levels, including reducing LDL and triglycerides and increasing HDL levels.
The standard dietary recommendations for losing weight are:
Aerobic exercise has significant and particular benefits for people with diabetes. Regular aerobic exercise, even of moderate intensity (such as brisk walking), improves insulin sensitivity. People with diabetes are at particular risk for heart disease, so the heart-protective effects of aerobic exercise are especially important.
Exercise Precautions for People with Diabetes. The following are precautions for all people with diabetes, both type 1 and type 2:
The objective of using diabetic exchange lists is to maintain the proper balance of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats throughout the day. Patients should meet with a dietician or diabetes nutrition expert for help in learning this approach.
In developing a menu, patients must first establish their individual dietary requirements, particularly the optimal number of daily calories and the proportion of carbohydrates, fats, and protein. The exchange lists should then be used to set up menus for each day that fulfill these requirements.
The following are some general rules:
The following are the categories on exchange lists:
Starches and Bread. Each exchange under starches and bread contains about 15 grams of carbohydrates, 3 grams of protein, and a trace of fat for a total of 80 calories. A general rule is that a half-cup of cooked cereal, grain, or pasta equals one exchange. One ounce of a bread product is 1 serving.
Meat and Cheese. The exchange groups for meat and cheese are categorized by lean meat and low-fat substitutes, medium-fat meat and substitutes, and high-fat meat and substitutes. Use high-fat exchanges a maximum of 3 times a week. Fat should be removed before cooking. Exchange sizes on the meat list are generally 1 ounce and based on cooked meats (3 ounces of cooked meat equals 4 ounces of raw meat).
Vegetables. Exchanges for vegetables are 1/2 cup cooked, 1 cup raw, and 1/2 cup juice. Each group contains 5 grams of carbohydrates, 2 grams of protein, and 2 - 3 grams of fiber. Vegetables can be fresh or frozen; canned vegetables are less desirable because they are often high in sodium. They should be steamed or cooked in a microwave without added fat.
Fruits and Sugar. Sugars are included within the total carbohydrate count in the exchange lists. Sugars should not be more than 10% of daily carbohydrates. Each exchange contains about 15 grams of carbohydrates for a total of 60 calories.
Milk and Substitutes. The milk and substitutes list is categorized by fat content similar to the meat list. A milk exchange is usually 1 cup or 8 ounces. Those who are on weight-loss or low-cholesterol diets should follow the skim and very low-fat milk lists -- while avoiding the whole milk group. Others should use the whole milk list very sparingly. All people with diabetes should avoid artificially sweetened milks.
Fats. A fat exchange is usually 1 teaspoon, but it may vary. People, of course, should avoid saturated and trans fatty acids and choose polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fats instead.
Number of Exchanges per Day for Various Calories Levels
American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes -- 2009. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jan;32 Suppl 1:S13-61.
American Diabetes Association, Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL, Apovian CM, Clark NG, et al. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2008 Jan;31 Suppl 1:S61-78.
American Heart Association Nutrition Committee; Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S, et al. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation. 2006 Jul 4;114(1):82-96. Epub 2006 Jun 19.
Barnard ND, Cohen J, Jenkins DJ, Turner-McGrievy G, Gloede L, Jaster B, et al. A low-fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized clinical trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006 Aug;29(8):1777-83.
Gardner CD, Kiazand A, Alhassan S, Kim S, Stafford RS, Balise RR, et al. Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal women: the A TO Z Weight Loss Study: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2007 Mar 7;297(9):969-77.
Gillies CL, Abrams KR, Lambert PC, Cooper NJ, Sutton AJ, Hsu RT, et al. Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2007 Feb 10;334(7588):299. Epub 2007 Jan 19.
Harris WS, Mozaffarian D, Rimm E, Kris-Etherton P, Rudel LL, Appel LJ, Engler MM, Engler MB, Sacks F. Omega-6 fatty acids and risk for cardiovascular disease: a science advisory from the American Heart Association Nutrition Subcommittee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation. 2009 Feb 17;119(6):902-7. Epub 2009 Jan 26.
Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, McKeown-Eyssen G, Josse RG, Silverberg J, Booth GL, et al. Effect of a low-glycemic index or a high-cereal fiber diet on type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008 Dec 17;300(23):2742-53.
Layman DK, Clifton P, Gannon MC, Krauss RM, Nuttall FQ. Protein in optimal health: heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 May;87(5):1571S-1575S.
Lindstrom J, Ilanne-Parikka P, Peltonen M, Aunola S, Eriksson JG, Hemio K, et al. Sustained reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes by lifestyle intervention: follow-up of the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Lancet. 2006 Nov 11;368(9548):1673-9.
MartÃnez-González MA, de la Fuente-Arrillaga C, Nunez-Cordoba JM, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Beunza JJ, Vazquez Z, et al. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of developing diabetes: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2008 Jun 14;336(7657):1348-51. Epub 2008 May 29.
McMillan-Price J, Petocz P, Atkinson F, O'Neill K, Samman S, Steinbeck K, et al. Comparison of 4 diets of varying glycemic load on weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction in overweight and obese young adults: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2006 Jul 24;166(14):1466-75.
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9 Jun 2010 7:00 AM #1
Using URL's hash and history
I am trying to build a big application that will require URL to be working even if the application is totally driven by AJAX. I am using the hash part of the URL to indicate when the location change and using Ext.History I can be notified properly when the back/forward buttons of the browser is used.
This is all fine, yet, my issue is about the first load. What method must I used to initialize a tab, tree or grid panel to properly select the choice indicated inside the hash string?
It seems that Ext.History change event only fired up when it change after the initial load, and it seems that each panels (tree, tab, grid) have their own method to handle selection which is kind of a pain, and even tree have 2, if you load the nodes statically the TreeLoader load event isn't fired but if you do it using a remote AJAX to load the nodes then they event is fired.
Is there a recommended method to have the different panels set their initial state based on the actual history when the first load is executed? What does expert in ext js recommend?
My current method is that I subclass the tab panel for example and listen for history change, and on the initial load I retrieve the id/value pair from the current location to set the initialTab. For a tree, I register on both the history change and the loader load and this works fine for asynch loaded tree but not static one (where all the node are in the js code).
And I need a solution to grid as well.
Yannick Koehler
9 Jun 2010 7:07 AM #2
Here is an example of my hash string:
Each panel that can record their location in the hash will search for their id in the hash string and attempt to select their content initially based on the value found for their ids.
When the selected entries of such a panel is changed, they rebuild the hash string and call Ext.History.add() with it and this alter the hash url part.
The application itself is not aware of which UI panel require location information, this allow for easily adding / removing / editing navigation items in a page without having to change a central location all the time.
9 Jun 2010 8:19 AM #3
I also want to note that while I know Ext JS has states and the like the problem here is that the "location" isn't a state. The fact that some of the node are expanded or collapsed, that to me is a state, but which one is actually selected that is a location.
I do use state but those stays in a cookies, they indicate non location information.
22 Nov 2012 3:56 AM #4
I am also having the same problem.
Hi Yannick,
Did you find any solution to your problem while loading it for the first time?
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Current Events vs. Founding Documents
This column presents facts regarding the United States Constitution, the Declaration of Independence, the Wisconsin State Constitution, and various other documents in reference to modern topics. Mark hopes to encourage interest in those works so that others can consider whether our government is practicing within its constitutional limits. In the last category, he may indicate his opinion. Mark is a resident of New Berlin. Readers are encouraged to visit the following sites for more information on the United States Constitution and Thomas Jefferson's views on politics and government.
The ultimate aphrodisiac
Entry 166
Current Event
According to the Washington Times, Sept 19, 2012
Obama '01 - laments Constitution hasn't been interpreted to provide for 'wealth redistribution'
President Obama:
"But the Supreme Court never ventured into the issues of redistribution of wealth, and of more basic issues such as political and economic justice in society. To that extent, as radical as I think people try to characterize the Warren Court, it wasn't that radical.
It didn't break free from the essential constraints that were placed by the founding fathers in the Constitution, at least as it's been interpreted and Warren Court interpreted in the same way, that generally the Constitution is a charter of negative liberties--says what the states can't do to you --says what the Federal government can't do to you, but doesn't say what the Federal government or State government must do on your behalf…."
Federal Officials vs. The Constitution
Founding Document
US Constitution; Article I, Section 2
Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:
"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."
"Government is not reason; it is not eloquent; it is force. Like fire, it is a dangerous servant and a fearful master." (George Washington)
US Constitution; 10th Amendment
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite. (James Madison, Federalist No. 45)
"The natural progress of things is for liberty to yeild,[1] and government to gain ground." (Thomas Jefferson to Edward Carrington, Paris, May 27, 1788)
We the People:
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I have two bodies: one green static sensor (spikes) and one orange dynamic body (brick).
I have bullet and it's a dynamic body too, but with bullet flag set.
My problem is that when the bullet is moving left to right, it sometimes hits the orange brick instead of the spikes and it flies away. There is code to remove the bullet when it hits spikes. How can I make sure it hits the spikes first?


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| Thinnes, Billy, Hydrocarbon Processing Staff, Houston, TX
[global oil flows]
[shale liquids]
[net crude chanages]
[oil sands]
By 2020, crude oil trade flows west of Suez will drop by 4.2
MM bpd, while crude flows east of Suez will rise by 4.7 MM bpd
(Fig. 1), according to a recently published
report from ESAI Energy. The primary global implication of the
growth in US shale liquids and Canadian oil sands is
significant change in crude oil trade flows. These changes will
fundamentally alter the relationship between OPEC countries and
the consuming countries of North America, Europe and
Asia-Pacific. Relative to the US and Europe, the countries of
Asia-Pacific will become far more dependent on OPEC countries
for oil supplies. This will force the countries of Asia,
especially China, to take a more deliberate role in responding
to Middle Eastern conflicts and instability in producing
countries, which, in turn, will alter the relationship of these
countries to the US, the current guarantor of the sea
To continue reading please, log in to hydrocarbonprocessing.com.
Subscribe now for premium access and unlimited access to the site, including archived articles and the process handbooks. Start a free trial to gain access to articles from the current issue of Hydrocarbon Processing.
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A searchable database of project activity in the global hydrocarbon processing industry
Engineers and designers are highly skilled individuals. Forcing them to enter design changes using tables, forms and spreadsheets is unproductive and uneconomical, and it increases the likelihood of human error—this is the way that most instrumentation software systems currently work. For too long, software vendors have denied engineers and designers the simple practicality of a graphical visual engineering interface with "drag and drop" capability and inbuilt intelligence, ensuring changes are automatically replicated into all the associated data and databases.
Is 2016 the peak for US gasoline demand?
Too soon to tell
July 2016


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Ligia Duarte Botelho says her recently-completed internship with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) gave her a rewarding opportunity to explore her interest in different cultures, government, and global health policy.
A junior majoring in international affairs, Botelho, who is originally from Brazil, wants to pursue a career as a diplomat in India or Thailand. She was drawn to the CDC internship because it involved the topics she wants to study in the region of the world she wants to focus on.
The CDC is working with the World Health Organization (WHO) on a global initiative to prevent birth defects and reduce child mortality in Southeast Asia. The Southeast Asian Regional Office of WHO (WHO-SEAR) is developing a strategic framework to improve health conditions for children.
"Southeast Asia is a region that is developing relatively fast," said Botelho, who also mentors students in the Global Studies Residential Academic Program, "and with development often come humanitarian, economic, and political impacts, thus it is essential that these issues be addressed."
Working at the CDC office in Boulder, Botelho researched and analyzed national policies that have an impact on birth defect prevention in such countries as Bangladesh, the Maldives, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. The information she found will be used by WHO-SEAR to develop policy briefs for leaders in these countries. The goal is to reduce neural tube defects by 50 percent, thalassemia births by 50 percent, reduce the overall incidence of congenital rubella, and eliminate of congenital syphilis.
After her research was completed, Botelho wrote a report on her findings and made recommendations on how to improve some of the policies already in place in order for the countries to meet the WHO-SEAR objective.
"The internship was a great experience," she said, "because I got to see how policy can be implemented and what the challenges are in working with other countries to improve their health policy. The integration of each country's culture with policy was really interesting and I want to bring that into my career as a diplomat."
Her interest in Southeast Asia began when she researched gun policies in India for a debate organized by Model United Nations on campus, a student-run organization that simulates the United Nations at conferences. Students assume the roles of ambassadors to the United Nations and debate various issues that appear on the U.N.'s agenda.
"It was fun coming up with ideas that will contribute to the strategic framework of the global initiative," Botelho said, about the internship. "I have an ambition to change people's lives. A career in diplomacy will allow me to combine all of my interests, allowing me to improve people's lives, and even if through small changes, make this world more just."


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Being functional, and having no "quotation", i.e. essentially treating data and programs semantically same, Mathematica seems naturally capable of doing metaprogramming. But could anyone construct a more thorough analysis about this? If you think there is any missing elements that prohibit Mathematica from doing (practical) metaprogramming, could you give an example?
What this answer is and is not
To avoid some confusion and misunderstanding, let me state right away what is the intended status of this answer.
This answer is not
This answer hopefully is
Ok, let me give it a shot. I'll start by claiming that Mathematica is very well suited for meta-programming, and one can write much more powerful programs in Mathematica by utilizing it. However, while it allows for very interesting and powerful meta-programming techniques, it does not IMO provide a convenient layer of tools to make these techniques more standard and effortless. Particularly painful is the evaluation control (preventing pieces of code from premature evaluation), because of the absence of the true quotation mechanism (here I will disagree with some other answers), the infinite evaluation model of Mathematica, and a quite complex core evaluator.
Enumerating some meta-programming techniques
There are several forms of meta-programming, so let me give a partial list first, and discuss afterwards
In addition to these, Mathematica has its own meta-programming devices, such as rule-based metaprogramming and the
Mathematica is IMO very strong here. There are a couple of reasons for this:
Automatic dependency tracking
I will give a single simple explicit example of what I mean by introspection here, and supply some references to more involved cases. The following line of code gives all the symbols used to build a given expression
Note that this will work for any Mathematica expression, including a piece of (perhaps unevaluated) Mathematica code.
A good illustration of introspection-based meta-programming is the symbol dependency analysis. I gave it a shot here, where I fully used all of the above-mentioned features (homoiconic language, low-level access to symbol's properties, rule-based destructuring). A simpler but practical application of dependency analysis can be found e.g. in the
Working around some language limitations
Sometimes, introspection-based metaprogramming can be also used to go around certain limitations of the language, or to make the language constructs behave in the way you want while minimally affecting them. Some examples off the top of my head: changing the default behavior of
To conclude this section, I think that introspection-based meta-programming is a very useful and powerful technique in Mathematica, and the one that is relatively easy to implement without engaging in a fight with the system. I am also positive that it is possible to factor out the most useful introspection primitives and have a higher-level introspection-based metaprogramming library, and hope such a library will emerge soon.
Reflection - based metaprogramming
This may probably be considered a subset of the introspection-based metaprogramming, but it is particularly powerful for languages which impose more rigid rules on how code is written, particularly OO languages (Java for example). This uniform and rigid structure (e.g. all code is in classes, etc) allows for automatic querying of, for example, the methods called on the object, etc. Mathematica per se is not particularly powerful here, because "too many ways of doing things" are allowed for this to be effective, but one can surely write frameworks and / or DSLs in Mathematica which would benefit from this meta-programming style.
Run-time code generation
This type of meta-programming can be used relatively easily and brings a lot to the table in Mathematica.
Automation and adding convenient syntax
I will give a small example from this answer, where an ability to generate a pure function (closure) at run-time allows us to easily define a version of SQL
Please see the aforementioned answer for examples of use. Further developments of these ideas (also based on meta-programming) can be found in this and this discussions.
Making JIT-compiled functions, and using
LOL -- I just got an automatic moderator flag telling me: "Post is excessively long." Troublemaker. :-P – Mr.Wizard♦ Feb 26 '12 at 17:03
This is insane. I'm still reading. – Mr.Wizard♦ Feb 26 '12 at 17:20
@Mr.Wizard, rcollyer Sorry guys, I really would have loved to make this shorter, but giving justice to this topic is really tough - I probably did not succeed even half-way. And ignoring this would be IMO a very wrong thing to do, for me personally and the community as a whole - because, I think, meta-programming is the future of Matematica programming. – Leonid Shifrin Feb 26 '12 at 17:20
I'm reorganising my year schedule, so that by the end of the year I'll be done studying this post – Rojo Feb 26 '12 at 18:55
Hehe, ok, I exaggerated, I admit it. But you know, I don't have much formal computer science training. What I know it's stuff I've read around. I handled C++ but that knowledge was rotting because I lacked what it took to have useful and fun projects with it. Mathematica for me has been a door. Some time ago I got to the point of feeling powerful enough with it so that it was convenient to use it for so many things. That's when I knew that in time I wouldn't forget it, cause it just became practical to use it for the stuff I needed to do. Work, study, taking notes, teach, investigate... – Rojo Feb 26 '12 at 19:26
I'm not to present any thorough analysis if metaprogramming is viable, but I could give a hint towards this issue. I don't think there is any fundamental barrier for metaprogramming in Mathematica, but I doubt we could develop this way anything really powerful.
To point out a practical obstacle (though by any means not a no-go theorem) I suggest to take a closer look at The Mathematica One-liner Competition. There is a nice example of entertaining metaprogramming in Mathematica by Yves Papegay titled "Don't Evaluate This" with an annotation "...if only I had a better machine!".
As the Wolfram blog says this expression selects from all
possible expressions of 80 characters or less those that are syntactically valid Mathematica inputs. Besides it is practically useless, the expression itself is a member of the set that it describes.
I hope it points out one important practical problem of metaprogramming in general though shows Mathematica capabilites making it possible.
For example we generate a kind of meaningful output :
Quotation as used in, say, Scheme is part of the evaluator (See SICP, chap. 4). For all these special forms Mathematica provides general solutions. Quote is implemented as an Attribute. See for example HoldFirst, HoldRest, HoldAll.


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What a difference a year makes.
The Leavenworth Convention and Visitors Bureau saw sharp decline last year in the city's transient guest tax revenue. But there's been a major spike in the revenue this year.
"It's more than doubled," said Connie Hachenberg, director of the CVB.
The transient guest tax is charged to people who stay at lodging facilities. The money is used to fund the CVB. The CVB is operated through the Leavenworth-Lansing Area Chamber of Commerce as part of an agreement between the city government and the Chamber.
Last year, the CVB received $65,294 through the transient guest tax collections in the city. That was down from the $102,000 received in the 2010.
This year, the CVB has received $133,242, according to Hachenberg.
The CVB director said she can never predict how much will be collected for the transient guest tax.
"It goes up and down," she said.
She said something that had a negative impact last year in terms of the transient guest tax revenue was the closing of the Nights Inn in downtown Leavenworth.
She said something that helped this year was a back payment for transient guest taxes that apparently was made by one of the lodging properties in town. That money was reflected in the transient guest tax receipts for April, which totaled $44,579.
Hachenberg said the total for April ordinarily would be between $4,000 and $7,000.
The city increased its transient guest tax rate from 7 percent to 8 percent at the beginning of the year.
Hachenberg said the transient guest tax receipts also may benefit as word spreads that people outside of the military can stay at the IHG hotel at Fort Leavenworth.
The increased revenue this year allows the CVB to do more marketing. But Hachenberg said she's also putting $40,000 in savings in case there's another bad year.
"We're going to keep our nose the grindstone," she said.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
You Can't
The Suicide Commandos
Last Played
AlbumMake A Record
Average rating
5 star rating.
Other songs on this album
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- 89.3 In-Studio Performance
- Burn It Down
- Complicated Fun
- I Need A Torch
- In-Studio Performance Recorded on January 28, 2012
- Tent
- Minnesota Beatle Project Vol. 1
- Slow Down
- Smart
- Semi-Smart
- The Commandos Commit Suicide Dance Concert
- Complicated Fun
- The Current Makes A Record 10"
- Burn It Down
- I Need a Torch / Complicated
- Tent
- The Legendary KQRS Concert, 1976
- Commando Rhapsody
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News Archive
Summer of Making Slideshow
PNCA's Continuing Education program, Summer of Making, featured a range of workshops and lectures, including a lecture by internationally known quilter, textile designer and artist Denyse Schmidt. View the above slide show and discover the fun.
Boundary Crossings Video Excerpt: Interpreting Live Bait
Watch an excerpt of the Boundary Crossings panel discussion Interpreting Live Bait, featuring Joe Arredondo, Director of Landmark Arts, Texas Tech University School of Art and Kirk Kelley, Creative Director, LAIKA/House. Moderated by Paul Wells, Director of the Animation Academy in the School of Art & Design at Loughborough University.
""Live Bait" Video Excerpt":http://homeroom.pnca.edu/download/576351
Remembering PNCA Faculty Emeritus Manuel Izquierdo
PNCA Faculty Emeritus Manuel Izquierdo, who passed away July 17, is remembered by the PNCA community for his career as an artist and art educator.
Izquierdo taught at the College for 46 years. He was also an alumnus of the College, graduating from PNCA in 1951.
Along with his legacy of work as a sculptor, his pieces can be found throughout Portland's parks and public spaces, and as a printmaker, Manuel has shaped Portland's cultural landscape through teaching and mentoring generations of artists.
His sculptures, where welded metal takes on lyrical, abstracted forms, can be seen in many public spaces including Pettygrove Park between Market and Harrison where his large sculpture "The Dreamer" has its 30th anniversary this year. PNCA's Manuel Izquierdo Gallery is named in his honor and continues his presence in the PNCA community by educating the community on trends in sculptural work through exhibitions of three-dimensional work by local artists.
Boundary Crossings: Explore the Future of Animation Arts
From July 13 through July 24, animation artists have gathered on the PNCA Campus for
Boundary Crossings: An Institute in Contemporary Animated Arts.
The two week institute culminates in a show of work throughout PNCA's campus, centered on new and hybrid media. Learn more about Boundary Crossings through this exhibition and discover the future of animation arts.
Boundary Crossings Closing Reception
Friday, July 24, 5:30pm
Pacific Northwest College of Art Main Campus, 1241 NW Johnson St.
Artist-in-Residence Jin-Man Han's Work at Museum Through July 29
PNCA Artist-In-Residence and landscape painter Jin-Man Han presents recent works at the The Lab at Museum of Contemporary Craft through July 29.
Many of these expressive paintings reflect the scenery of the Portland area, while others were inspired by his ascent of Mount Everest in 2008.
Jin-Man Han was born in North Korea in 1948. His family later emigrated to Seoul Korea in 1951. Han currently teaches at Hong-Ik University, where he received his BFA and MFA in Oriental Painting. He has had 12 one-person shows in Korea and China, and has participated in more than 100 group exhibitions nationally and internationally. Han's paintings are featured in major collections throughout Asia. He currently resides in Seoul, Korea.
Jin-Man Han, PNCA Artist-in-Residence
Through 29, 2009
The Lab at Museum of Contemporary Craft, 724 NW Davis St.
MFA Show: Egocentric
Join PNCA and Disjecta as it highlights the work of the College's MFA students during the show "Egocentric", now through August 21.
Exhibiting artists include: Delaney Allen, Wayne Bund, Cathy Cleaver, Ben Ediger, Matthew Gruber, Allison Halter, Laura Hughes, Sydney Kim, Nathan Langner, Ruth Lantz, Luis Martinez-Rodriguez, Mindy McGovern, Nicole Milchak, Zack Rau, Jane Schiffhauer, and Nashoba Temperly.
Visit "Disjecta":http://www.disjecta.org/main.php for more information.
Screening: "Sita Sings the Blues"
Join PNCA's Boundary Crossings: An Institute in Contemporary Animated Arts and the Northwest Film Center for the Portland premiere of "Sita Sings the Blues," the first feature by independent animation artist and 2006 Guggenheim Fellow Nina Paley.
"The Greatest Break-Up Story Ever Told," the film retells the classic Indian myth the Ramayana. Dubbed "America's best-loved unknown cartoonist," Paley is an independent artist committed to sharing her work through the Creative Commons.
Screening: "Sita Sings the Blues"
Thursday, July 23, 7pm
Northwest Film Center, Whitsell Auditorium, Portland Art Museum, 1219 SW Park Ave.
$8 General; $7 PAM Members, Students, Seniors; $5 Friends of the Film Center
Free Boundary Crossings participants
Co-presented by Northwest Film Center
Beyond the Box
PNCA's Boundary Crossings presents Beyond the Box, a panel discussion on animation in the public sphere, 7:30pm July 21 in the Swigert Commons.
Moderated by Irene Kotlarz, founding director of Platform International Animation Festival, Beyond the Box features a panel of influential animation artists including Jim Blashfield, Rose Bond, Peter Burr, Daniela Repas and Marina Zurkow, who've taken their work beyond the screen and out into the community, redefining how animation interacts in the public sphere.
Beyond the Box: Animated Installation and Community
Tuesday, July 21, 7:30pm
PNCA Main Campus Building, Swigert Commons, 1241 NW Johnson St.
Reading + Book Signing Features Author Paul Wells
Prolific Author Paul Wells, Director of the Animation Academy in the School of Art & Design at Loughborough University, discusses the changing face of animation and new media during a reading and book signing at the College, part of Boundary Crossings: An Institute in Contemporary Animated Arts.
Wells is the author of a range of animation books including: "Re-Imagining Animation," "Understanding Animation," "Animation – Genre and Authorship (Short Cuts)" and "Basics Animation: Scriptwriting."
Reading + Book Signing: "Re-Imagining Animation" with Author Paul Wells
Friday, July 17, noon
PNCA Main Campus Building, Swigert Commons, 1241 NW Johnson St.
Co-sponsored by "ASIFA-NW":http://www.asifaportland.org/
Boundary Crossings Discussion: Interpreting Live Bait
PNCA's Boundary Crossings, LAIKA/House and the Museum of Contemporary Craft present "Interpreting Live Bait," an engaging discussion on the creative process.
Interpreting Live Bait
Thursday, July 16, 6:30pm
The Lab at Museum of Contemporary Craft, 724 NW Davis St.
Free and open to the public
Join a lively ongoing conversation on the creative process between Joe Arredondo, Director of Landmark Arts, Texas Tech University School of Art and Kirk Kelley, Creative Director, LAIKA/House.
Screening: Northwest Film Center Features the Work of Paul Vester
Join PNCA's Boundary Crossings program and the Northwest Film Center for a special screening, An Evening with Paul Vester, Wednesday, July 15.
A pioneer in the field of animation, Paul Vester centers his work on the language of animation. Co-director of the Experimental Animation program at California Institute of the Arts, Vester was the recipient of the Guggenheim Fellowship in 2003. The screening features his films "Sunbeam" (1980), "Picnic" (1987), "Abductees" (1995), "In the Woods" (2008), as well as some of his commercial work.
Screening: An Evening with Paul Vester
Wednesday, July 15, 7:00pm
Northwest Film Center, Whitsell Auditorium, Portland Art Museum, 1219 SW Park Ave.
$8 General; $7 PAM Members, Students, Seniors; $5 Friends of the Film Center
Free Boundary Crossings participants
Co-presented by Northwest Film Center
"Order tickets here":https://nwfc.spotlightboxoffice.com/purchase/step4?ticketID=1021
PNCA Launches WPA@PNCA program
Pacific Northwest College of Art (PNCA) announces the creation of the WPA@PNCA, a unique program to enhance student's capacity for employment, and professional practice, while offering exposure to community service, arts activism and volunteerism.
Read the full "media release":http://www.pnca.edu/news/press/643/pacific-northwest-college-of-art-launches-the-wpapnca.
On KBOO Radio: PNCA's Boundary Crossings
Portland-based community radio station KBOO (90.7FM) show "Words & Pictures" featured a conversation on PNCA's Boundary Crossings: An Institute in Contemporary Animated Arts.
Host S.W. Conser will talk with Institute Director Rose Bond, PNCA Feldman Gallery + Project Space Curator Mack McFarland, and animation artists Daniela Repas and Todd Tawd.
Listen on "KBOO":http://kboo.fm/WordsandPictures after the show airs—click on the Audio tab.
July Shows of Note
Pacific Northwest College of Art alumni are exhibiting their work at a range of shows in July. Visit the Alumni web site for more information.
BFA Gallery Presents New Show
PNCA MFA and BFA students and faculty present Queer Show, now through August 2 in the College's BFA Gallery, located in the Main Campus Building, 1241 NW Johnson St.
Participating artists include Wayne Bund, Lacy Davis, and Tyler Wallace among others. The focus of this exhibit is the works of PNCA artists who are queer, or, are working with queer themes.
Read a preview in "Just Out":http://blogout.justout.com/?p=9116.
Slideshow: Graphic Novel Intensive 2009
PNCA's recent Graphic Novel Intensive celebrated the process of comic book storytelling and the work of comic book artists.
This year, faculty member and multi-media artist Daniel Duford (The Naked Boy, Radio Relay Towers), illustrator Ellen Forney (I Love Led Zeppelin, The Absolute True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie and web site) led students through a week-long comics boot camp.
Keep an eye on pnca.edu for the release of the Graphic Novel Intensive Anthology — original art and pre-orders will be available soon. Past Graphic Novel Intensive instructors have included Scott McCloud, Peter Bagge, Jessica Abel and Matt Madden. Visit the "Graphic Novel Intensive blog":http://pncacewebcomic.wordpress.com/ for more information.
Slideshow photos by Brigitte d'Autremont
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Validating Petabytes of Data with Regularity and Thoroughness
By RickRamsey-Oracle on May 26, 2014
by Brian Zents
When former Intel CEO Andy Grove said "only the paranoid survive," he wasn't necessarily talking about tape storage administrators, but it's a lesson they've learned well. After all, tape storage is the last line of defense to prevent data loss, so tape administrators are extra cautious in making sure their data is secure. Not surprisingly, we are often asked for ways to validate tape media and the files on them.
In the past, an administrator could validate the media, but doing so was often tedious or disruptive or both. The debut of the Data Integrity Validation (DIV) and Library Media Validation (LMV) features in the Oracle T10000C drive helped eliminate many of these pains. Also available with the Oracle T10000D drive, these features use hardware-assisted CRC checks that not only ensure the data is written correctly the first time, but also do so much more efficiently.
Traditionally, a CRC check takes at least 25 seconds per 4GB file with a 2:1 compression ratio, but the T10000C/D drives can reduce the check to a maximum of nine seconds because the entire check is contained within the drive. No data needs to be sent to a host application. A time savings of at least 64 percent is extremely beneficial over the course of checking an entire 8.5TB T10000D tape.
While the DIV and LMV features are better than anything else out there, what storage administrators really need is a way to check petabytes of data with regularity and thoroughness. With the launch of Oracle StorageTek Tape Analytics (STA) 2.0 in April, there is finally a solution that addresses this longstanding need. STA bundles these features into one interface to automate all media validation activities across all Oracle SL3000 and SL8500 tape libraries in an environment. And best of all, the validation process can be associated with the health checks an administrator would be doing already through STA.
In fact, STA validates the media based on any of the following policies:
- Random Selection – Randomly selects media for validation whenever a validation drive in the standalone library or library complex is available.
- Media Health = Action – Selects media that have had a specified number of successive exchanges resulting in an Exchange Media Health of "Action." You can specify from one to five exchanges.
- Media Health = Evaluate – Selects media that have had a specified number of successive exchanges resulting in an Exchange Media Health of "Evaluate." You can specify from one to five exchanges.
- Media Health = Monitor – Selects media that have had a specified number of successive exchanges resulting in an Exchange Media Health of "Monitor." You can specify from one to five exchanges.
- Extended Period of Non-Use – Selects media that have not had an exchange for a specified number of days. You can specify from 365 to 1,095 days (one to three years).
- Newly Entered – Selects media that have recently been entered into the library.
- Bad MIR Detected – Selects media with an exchange resulting in a "Bad MIR Detected" error. A bad media information record (MIR) indicates degraded high-speed access on the media.
To avoid disrupting host operations, an administrator designates certain drives for media validation operations. If a host requests a file from media currently being validated, the host's request takes priority. To ensure that the administrator really knows it is the media that is bad, as opposed to the drive, STA includes drive calibration and qualification features. In addition, validation requests can be re-prioritized or cancelled as needed. To ensure that a specific tape isn't validated too often, STA prevents a tape from being validated twice within 24 hours via one of the policies described above. A tape can be validated more often if the administrator manually initiates the validation.
When the validations are complete, STA reports the results. STA does not report simply a "good" or "bad" status. It also reports if media is even degraded so the administrator can migrate the data before there is a true failure. From that point, the administrators' paranoia is relieved, as they have the necessary information to make a sound decision about the health of the tapes in their environment.
About the Photograph
Photograph taken by Rick Ramsey in Death Valley, California, May 2014
- Brian
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Your Earth-Friendly Shopping List
5 of 11
BioBags are biodegradable baggies made from GMO-free corn. They break down naturally and quickly when exposed to nature's elements and microorganisms. They keep refrigerated fruits and vegetables fresher longer than regular plastic baggies do, and they're perfect for adding food scraps to the compost pile. These green baggies save money and the environment, and help with a healthy, natural diet.


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High taxes, gay marriage endorsed in state votes
By DAVID CRARY Associated Press
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George Washington chicken nugget fetches $8,100
Proceeds from presidential poultry to help send kids to camp
A Nebraska woman has sold a chicken nugget that she says looks just like George Washington, the country's first president, for $8,100 on eBay.
Bidding on the presidential poultry ended at 11:30 a.m. Monday, the Sioux City Journal reported.
Rebekah Speight claims she found the patriotic chicken bit three years ago while treating her children to "99-cent McNugget Tuesday" at a local McDonald's.
Speight said she almost trashed it, but then noticed the distinguished forefather gazing up at her, according to the Huffington Post.
"I looked down at the McNugget and just started laughing," she told the Sioux City Journal. "I saw this portrait of George Washington staring back at me."
The nugget has sat in Speight's freezer for three years, only emerging for show-and-tell with house guests until recently, when George "McNugget" Washington was "called to a higher purpose," Speight wrote in the eBay listing.
She listed the nugget on eBay as a way to raise money for children at the Sioux City Family Worship Center who will attend summer camp later this year. The church is trying to raise $15,000 to send 50 children to the camp, the Sioux City Journal reported.
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I was always intrigued with the way Ted Nugent/Adrian Belew/Jeff Beck/Jimi Hendrix/SRV were able to control feedback and make it musical - are there guitar/amp settings and techniques that can make this kind of control a part of a players repertoire?
The answer to a ton of the questions here so far are the same basics: practice and experiment.
In order to get feedback, all you really need is a loud amp and an electric guitar. Hollow or semi hollow guitars can be kind of hard to control the feedback, so definitely start with a solid body. The thing to experiment with is your guitar's position relative to the amp. Where you position yourself will change the frequency of the feedback you are getting. Moving the guitar around can change the note that's feeding back.
Some other hints:
Hendrix would walk around the stage with his guitar during soundcheck and mark the "sweetspots" with masking tape so he knew where to stand when he wanted feedback.
Assuming you mean feedback from the amp, it has a ton to do with the amp circuit used. It is quite easy to make an amp oscillate. Usually this isn't preferred because it can be hard to control but I suppose with a properly designed amp and a bit of practice it wouldn't be too hard. The part of the amp that seems to have the most effect on controlling feedback is the the negative feedback. This is added to reduce distortion(which also reduces gain).
So first things first is to make sure you have a good amp to work with.
The way I usually do it on stage is as follows:
Run a guitar straight into a Line 6 Pod X3 Live and then take that into the DI input for the venue backline (this lets me use my preset amp simulators) and have a pretty loud front of stage monitor.
In soundcheck I take a good look at where I can get feedback and although I don't mark them on the floor, I note where I need to be for particular songs or sections. I also set the volume so feedback will only happen at full volume on my guitar. When I don't want feedback I slightly back off on my volume or tone.
If I get feedback slightly wrong, I can move forward or backward a very small amount to get it to sound 'in tune'
caveat - this works well for loud rock and metal. Not so good with an acoustic guitar mic'ed up. For that I always rather have my monitor behind me so feedback doesn't ring so harshly.
One way of "faking it" is to use a pedal which can self-oscillate, like the Zvex fuzz factory. At some settings it will produce feedback sounding noise even with no volume from the guitar. It can be set so the volume control controls the shrieking. To the untrained ear, this will sound similar to feedback (which in some sense it is, but not the classic amplifier type which is discussed here).
The benefit is that it becomes more controllable, independent of position and can be reproduced at lower volumes.
Get yourself a Sustainer or Sustainiac, switch to harmonic mode and you'll be able to get feedback when playing straight to tape.
Kind of reinforcing what others have said but with some disagreement in my experience : I use a Marshall 1970's amp with a nice warm full sound, a strat (unmolested) and a Boss BE-5 effects board which has distortion and compressor, whcih I set so that the volume is the same whether clean, compressed or distorted.
Feedback occurs when some magic happens between the resonant characteristics of your amp, your guitar the note being played and the room itself. Between them they gang up and at some locations in the room (mainly relative to the amp) cause some notes/strings to ring almost indefinitely.
I can get feedback easily with the compression and distortion on (I don't use much) by standing a little away from the amp, normally to one side a little, and letting a note/chord ring. It doens't have to be too loud but that sometimes helps. It;s more about the sensitivity (gain) on the effects and the position of the guitar.
However .. * Using the tremolo arm/vibrato to vary the pitch doesn't 'keep it going' in my experience - it actually mutes/disturbs the feedback a little, and adds a lot of depth to it, but I have to wait for the feedback to join in again if I do this too much.
A lot of folks get their pickups dipped in wax to help control feedback.
Here's a link to Premier Guitar that explains how to wax pot your own pickups: http://www.premierguitar.com/Magazine/Issue/2009/Apr/How_To_Pot_Your_Own_Pickups.aspx


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{Teal, Navy Blue, Gold & Chartreuse}
{Click to Enlarge}
Merry Christmas!
Merry Christmas!
Thought I would share with you some photos of my little sister's wedding. Have a great Christmas x
A very Merry Christmas and a new year filled with, good health, happiness and love.
I hope you had a very Merry Christmas! I loved this series of palettes!
Happy holidays!
Merry Christmas!
Happy holidays and keep on inspiring the muse in us with all your gorgeous color combos . . .
Thanks for this post -- these colors are what a client of mine wants. I'll be sure to pass it along. Cheers!
this color palette is gorgeous. love this.
Love all of the gold accents...
These colors are great! I really enjoyed all your holiday inspired palettes. Hope you & all your readers had a wonderful holiday!!
Happy New Year!Looking forward to another great year and your perfect palettes:)
Great color combo! Happy New Year! Looking forward to all your beautiful palettes in 2010!
thanks for the feedback.
This is our palette! I just love it!
Combining wedding goodies and Christmas - my two favourite things - I think I could get lost in these posts for hours!
I have been terrible at trying to choose a colour for my wedding. And I finally settled on this!!! Tho the gold is more yellow and no chartreuse hahaha I just love this colour combo!!


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Classics you haven't read......or couldn't get through
Posted 28 July 2008 - 11:02 AM
I've never been able to get all the way through Tom Jones. It's a great book and I enjoy it, up to a point. It just doesn't hold my interest all the way through.
Posted 28 July 2008 - 11:11 AM
Posted 28 July 2008 - 11:11 AM
Posted 28 July 2008 - 11:30 AM
Then there are books that I could only get through on my second (or more attempt). This includes Jane Eyre and Ivanhoe. I really enjoyed both, in the end.
Posted 28 July 2008 - 11:33 AM
Also any Anthony Trollope.
So glad you brought this up, because this I just keep forgetting to do. Someone please recomend one ASAP, while I still have it on my mind.
Posted 28 July 2008 - 11:37 AM
I had a few books I out and out refused to read, almost all from the same period. Clarissa and Pamela top that list. It took me about 10 attempts to get past the first chapter of Silas Marner. I actually gave up on Middlemarch in complete exhaustion 50 pages before the end.
Posted 28 July 2008 - 11:48 AM
Oh, "Divine Comedy." I tried. I really did.
The biggest heresy though is "Diary of Anne Frank." We had to read it in school and I admit after awhile I just used the Cliff Notes.
On the other hand there are "classics" that I breezed through. Great Expectations, Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre, Pride and Prejudice, Emma, Don Quixote, Huckleberry Finn, and Great Gatsby are good examples.
Posted 28 July 2008 - 12:11 PM
Yup, I also had problems with 'Vanity Fair'. And Tom Jones and Huckleberry Fin. Also (so far) Anna Karenina - I'm working on it. Also any Anthony Trollope.
I love Tom Jones, I guess I'm the only one here who did!
Hated Anna Karenina though--we read it in HS, and I was just screaming "kill yourself already!!" by the end of it.
That, Crime and Punishment and (shudder) Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man were the books I read in school that if I wasn't a neurotic overachiever, I *never* would have finished.
Posted 28 July 2008 - 12:49 PM
Posted 28 July 2008 - 01:07 PM
Finnegan's Wake was my all-time most excruciating act of penance. David Copperfield.
Scarlet Letter (has anyone actually liked this; the little known Marble Faun is much more enjoyable).
Beowolf, even in a recent free translation. Norse and Germanic sagas, generally.
Posted 28 July 2008 - 04:53 PM
Beowolf came alive for me, many years after reading it, when I bought a recording of Seamus Heaney reading his own translation.
Beowolf, even in a recent free translation. Norse and Germanic sagas, generally.
Posted 28 July 2008 - 05:05 PM
I didn't finish "Madame Bovary" (I still must) but I did read the short and perfect "A Simple Heart" and "Sentimental Education" instead. Nor did I finish the "Golden Bowl" but did read the easier "Ambassadors" and the incredible "Portrait of a Lady" (version 1). And the short Tolsoi "Family Happiness"--about very slow changes of heart in a perfect relationship--and "Childhood, Boyhood & Youth" will have to do for "War and Peace," at least for a while.
"Remembrance of Things Past" was an avoidance of Joyce.
And like Dale and Patrick I read only part of "Vanity Fair," though there are such great characters. With Thackery it's more that you have to push your way through, rather than be pulled along by its currents--there's a sort of missing booky eros.
Yes, this is a good confessional booth.
Posted 28 July 2008 - 05:44 PM
On the other hand there are "classics" that I breezed through. Great Expectations, Wuthering Heights, Jane Eyre, Pride and Prejudice, Emma, Don Quixote, Huckleberry Finn, and Great Gatsby are good examples.
Many of these books are very high in the entertainment quotient, I'd suggest, and also they are not too long, with one obvious exception. (I note that many of the books under discussion here tend to be longer rather than shorter.)
Posted 28 July 2008 - 06:04 PM
It's funny how sometimes you don't read what you're supposed to but read something else in lieu of the classic.
You mention some reasons which certainly are true of me: looking for something easier, shorter, more humane.
The idea of avoidance (eg., reading Proust to justify skipping Joyce) is brilliant. Some of us DO want to avoid a monumental work but don't want to sink too far from the level of "classic."
Some of the monuments have had their day. I remember as a child finding around the house a book entitled something like The Hundred Greatest Novels. Eaach was summarized in quite some detail. Most were long and turgid books from the 19th century. Flaubert's Salammbo was one I remember. Another was Eugene Sue's Wandering Jew. I doubt that many of them are considered great by experts today.
Yes, this is a good confessional booth.
Posted 29 July 2008 - 10:01 AM
Nor did I finish the "Golden Bowl" but did read the easier "Ambassadors" and the incredible "Portrait of a Lady" (version 1).
I often wonder whether anyone ever enjoys some of Henry James's novels such as The Golden Bowl and The Wings of the Dove. I find them almost unreadable, and I tried hard because I really love many of his works(Portrait of a Lady, The Europeans, Washington Square), and I feel like I am missing out...
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