text:
Brain Imaging May Predict Appetite for Junk Food
New Dartmouth research has wide-ranging implications, including in cancer research
In a study published April 18, 2012, in The Journal of Neuroscience, the researchers demonstrated a connection between fMRI brain responses to appetite-driven cues and future behavior. The research has wide-ranging implications for human behavior and disease, including cancer.
"This is one of the first studies in brain imaging that uses the responses observed in the scanner to predict important, real-world outcomes over a long period of time," says co-author Todd Heatherton, the Lincoln Filene Professor in Human Relations in the department of psychological and brain sciences at Dartmouth College and a member of the Cancer Control Research Program at Norris Cotton Cancer Center. "Using brain activity to predict a consequential behavior outside the scanner is pretty novel."
Obesity is a significant contributor to the development of cancer. Research indicates that obesity alone is a risk factor for 30 percent of cancer deaths in the United States. At a Cancer Ground Rounds at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center on April 26, Margaret Foti, PhD, MD, the Chief Executive Officer of the American Association for Cancer Research, commented: "Obesity [is] something we really need to work on hard." She specifically cited the cancer-prevention research work being conducted at Norris Cotton Cancer Center as very significant in the effort to reduce cancer rates.
Using fMRI, the researchers targeted a region of the brain known as the nucleus accumbens, often referred to as the brain's "reward center," in a group of incoming first-year college students. While undergoing scans, the subjects viewed images of animals, environmental scenes, appetizing food items, and people. Six months later, their weight was compared with their previously recorded weight and brain scan data.
"The people whose brains responded more strongly to food cues were the people who went on to gain more weight six months later," explains Kathryn Demos, first author on the paper. Demos, who conducted the research as part of her doctoral dissertation at Dartmouth, is currently on the research faculty at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
Heatherton and William Kelley, associate professor of psychological and brain science and a senior author on the paper, have a longstanding interest in psychological theories of self-regulation, also called self-control or willpower.
"We seek to understand situations in which people face temptations and try to not act on them," says Kelley.
The researchers note that the first step toward controlling cravings may be an awareness of how much you are affected by specific triggers in the environment, such as the arrival of the dessert tray in a restaurant.
"You need to actively be thinking about the behavior you want to control in order to regulate it," remarks Kelley. "Self-regulation requires a lot of conscious effort."
By Joseph Blumberg. A slightly different version of this article was published in Dartmouth NOW on April 17, 2012.
April 30, 2012
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text:
Wiki Project Med
Key resources
WikiProject Med (WPMEDF) is a nonprofit corporation whose purpose is to promote the development and distribution of medical content on Wikimedia projects by, among other things, forming collaborations with other like-minded organizations, giving talks at universities and other organizations, and working to develop greater access to the medical literature for Wikipedians. While we are incorporated in New York State and tax exempt in the United States we are a global group. Its members seek to provide the sum of all medical knowledge to all people in their own language.
- 1 Mission
- 2 Join
- 3 Programs
- 4 Communication
- 5 Organizational structure
- 6 Related WikiProjects (many inactive)
- 7 Resolutions
To make clear, reliable, comprehensive, up-to-date educational resources and information in the biomedical and related social sciences freely available to all people in the language of their choice.
This organization has no direct editorial control over the health-related content of the Wikimedia projects themselves. We believe the goals of the Wikimedia movement are best achieved in collaboration with other organizations who share those goals, and we see WikiProject Med's role primarily as an educational one, where we will provide advice and instruction to other like-minded individuals and organizations regarding how to contribute to Wikimedia projects.
WikiProject Med will fulfill its mission by, among other things:
- Persuading individual experts and professional and scholarly organizations to review or contribute to Wikimedia medical content, and provide them with necessary support and training
- Create, collect, process, and present the sorts of metrics which describe usage statistics and quality of health content on Wikimedia projects
While WikiProject Med members may contribute health content themselves, they will do so not as members or representatives of WikiProject Med but as members of the projects that host that content (Wikipedia, Wikiversity, Wiktionary, Commons, etc.).
- The territory of activity is everywhere in the world where there are people interested in achieving our mission.
- The organization is legally registered in the United States but people from around the world can join.
Membership is free for active contributors of medical content to a Wikimedia project (such as Wikipedia) or participants in an organisation whose mission aligns with WikiProject Med's. Membership application form
- For further information, see WMMED/Reports.
This organization promotes participation in Wikipedia Medicine projects across different languages (of which the English-language Wikiproject Medicine is one of several).
Organizational partnership and collaboration[edit]
- For further information, see Wiki Project Med/partnerships.
The standard kind of partnership which WikiProject Med offers to any health organization is assistance in getting information and content from that organization's field of expertise into Wikipedia, then assisting the organization in getting feedback on how their information has been received and processed. In this model, organizations come to Wikipedia and Wikimedia projects in the same manner as any other volunteers. The two kinds of help most frequently offered are as follows:
- If an organization has people who are willing to contribute information, WikiProject Med will help arrange for training of those people.
- If an organization has information or media to donate so that Wikipedia's own volunteers can integrate it into the encyclopedia and elsewhere, then WikiProject Med will help advertise and promote this content.
Collaborations are currently being developed with the World Health Organization, Cancer Research UK, United States National Library of Medicine / National Institutes of Health, and the Cochrane Collaboration. Efforts include issues surrounding copyright and the support of the creation of Wikipedians in Residence.
A number of presentations have been given globally regarding the significance of Wikipedia in Medicine including in Canada, the UK, India, Switzerland and Nepal. A model presentation is available here under a CC BY SA license for others to use and adapt. See there.
We are an official supporter of Health Information For All 2015 per their website
- For further information, see en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine/Translation Task Force.
Some of our 2014 Ebola article translations into African languages:
The Translation Task Force is a project that began on the English Wikipedia in collaboration with Translators Without Borders to improve key medical articles via translation. A summary of the project is as follows:
- Identify the most globally important health articles on Wikipedia (a list is here)
- Improve them to "Good Article" or "Featured Article" status in English according to English Wikipedia criteria
- Once an article reaches at least good status, have it professionally reviewed
- Put the article in queue for translation into every other language in the world at Translators Without Borders, with emphasis on languages which do not have equivalent articles of good quality
- Present the most comprehensive multilingual source of health information ever compiled to the world, for free, continually as it is being created
Education outreach[edit]
- For further information, see Wiki Project Med/education outreach.
- UCSF medical school partnership: Weeklong lecture series and editathon hosted at and by UCSF and cosponsored by Wikimedia Canada and WikiProject Med.
- We are partnered with UCSF on running 4 week elective for medical students each semester in which the students edit Wikipedia, with a class twice per year since 2013.
There is an existing Wikipedia outreach program which sends Wikipedia ambassadors - "campus ambassadors" - to schools to encourage students and professors to incorporate contributions to Wikipedia projects into the learning curricula. This organization facilitates participation in the campus ambassador program for those participating in health-related education projects at universities.
- Taiwanese university
Quality control and peer review[edit]
- For further information, see en:Wikiversity:Wikiversity_Journal_of_Medicine.
- For further information, see en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine/JMIR Wiki Medical Reviews.
- For further information, see Wiki Project Med/Cochrane.
- One reason some academics express for not contributing to Wikipedia is that they are unable to get the recognition they require for their current professional position. A number of medical journals have agreed in principle to publishing high quality Wikipedia articles under authors' real names following formal peer review. These journals include PLoS medicine and Open BMJ. Further details here. Journal of Medical Internet Research is about to publish a new online peer-reviewed journal, JMIR:Wiki Medical Reviews. See here.
- The Wikiversity Journal of Medicine, started in 2014, is another effort to get academic credit for contributing to Wikipedia. This in house journal is set up to provide formal peer review for Wikipedia articles and images. It has the added benefit of being broader in scope, accepting many types of articles such as case reports. While many traditional Open Access publishers chart fees of one or two thousand dollars per article this journal is free. Efforts are ongoing to get it PubMed indexed which will allow another way for Wikipedia articles after formal peer review to end up on PubMed commons and be an appropriate reference in other academic work. Wikiversity Journal of Medicine can also accept any medical work that is scientifically significant in its own right.
- There are certain articles which, although published in scholarly journals, could either be readily adapted into Wikipedia articles or preferably published verbatim as Wikipedia articles if they were appropriately licensed during publication. Some work has already gone into this concept; this project supports further efforts into reforming publishing standards so as to incorporate sharable media into Wikipedia as efficiently as possible.
- General discussion on potential collaborations are taking place with the Cochrane Collaboration as described here.
- Parallel to broader efforts to create a Wikipedia Library, efforts are underway to build relationships with scientific/medical publishing houses resulting in the donation of free and full access to their content for active Wikipedians. Partnerships with Credo Reference, HighBeam Research, and Questia Online Library have set a precedent for such relationships to be mutually beneficial: they provide visibility to the research databases and they give select Wikipedia editors direct access to the best available academic, scholarly, and professional reliable sources. Talks are ongoing with JSTOR and Cochrane Collaboration which have both expressed interest in joining The Wikipedia Library. Future targets include UpToDate, Elsevier, and Springer.
- Possibly improving/creating medical {Find sources} templates, or creating a live feed of recent high-quality clinical guidelines or meta analyses to article talk pages.
Participation in Wikimedia community events[edit]
- For further information, see Wiki Project Med/community events.
As might be expected, this organization participates more generally in outreach and development programs of the broader Wikimedia community. Among other things, some members of this organization also participate in the following:
- regional Wikimedia chapters
- regional Wikimedia meetups in any country and language
- the annual international Wikimedia conference, Wikimania
Advocacy and policy[edit]
- For further information, see Wiki Project Med/Advocacy.
This organization takes positions on issues, makes specific recommendations on best practices for sharing health information, sometimes asks organizations to do certain things, and may ask governments to adopt certain stances. Here are some general types of advocacy which WikiProject Med does:
- Promotes the idea that all health information of general interest should be made available for free online, especially through Wikimedia projects, and particularly in Wikipedias of all languages
- Advocates that barriers to sharing health educational material should be removed whenever there are not reasons to sustain them
- Recommends that organizations sharing health information publish using free licenses, such as those developed by Creative Commons, in order to increase public access, open access, and sharing in general
- Invites all perspectives to contribute to the global collection of health information which everyone uses
- Offers to facilitate access to Wikimedia data for researchers examining the workings of Wikimedia projects, its community, and its impact
Technical tool and software development[edit]
- For further information, see WikiProject Med/Tech.
Bots and scripts can help us improve medical content. This is a place to collaborate on proposals to develop these.
We have put together a "copy and paste detection bot" which is running on all medical articles. Results can be seen here en:User:EranBot/Copyright
Special projects[edit]
- For further information, see Wiki Project Med/Projects.
Members of the organization have planned and developed a range of special projects. Some of these are major and ongoing and some are minor and were never well documented, as they could have been started and organized by volunteers who came and left. Miscellaneous projects are documented here.
Email communication[edit]
- The board has frequent, ongoing internal communications via email.
- We have a mailing list here, but it is expected that most discussion will take place on meta.
Social media[edit]
- Twitter: http://twitter.com/WikiProjectMed (Follow us!)
- Facebook: http://facebook.com/WikiProjectMed (Like us and share our page!)
- Wordpress: http://wikiprojectmed.wordpress.com
- Gmail: wikiprojectmedgmail.com
Press and awards[edit]
- Press
- The 2013 Humanitarian Communicator Award by Translators without Borders[1]
Organizational structure[edit]
Board members[edit]
- Jacob de Wolff
- Biosthmors
- Peter.C (talk)
- Vinicius Siqueira (talk)
- Daniel Mietchen (talk)
- RexxS (talk)
- Jake Orlowitz Ocaasi (talk)
- Keilana
- CFCF Carl Fredrik Sjoland
- Sydney Poore
Positions on the board[edit]
- President: sets and chairs meetings - Jacob de Wolff
- Secretary: Takes notes- Brian/Biosthmors
- Membership secretary: Manages membership - Anthony Cole
- Treasurer: Takes financial statements - Doug/RexxS
- Tax person: Takes care of taxes and yearly corporate renewal -Peter Coti
- Outreach coordinator: Jake Orlowitz
General administration[edit]
The organization was established in 2012 to be a Wikimedia movement affiliate and as an international health education organization with legal registration as a nonprofit organization in the United States.
People interested[edit]
Please add the languages in which you work
You will be notified from time to time as the project approaches or passes important milestones, such as the opening of the official membership list.
- Doc James (talk · contribs · email) 14:47, 16 July 2012 (UTC) (English)
- Daniel Mietchen - WiR/OS (talk) 22:31, 18 July 2012 (UTC)
- Blue Rasberry (talk) 20:28, 19 July 2012 (UTC)
- Vinicius Siqueira (talk) 05:20, 28 July 2012 (UTC)
- LeadSongDog (talk) 17:33, 1 August 2012 (UTC)
- Rich Farmbrough 01:38 18 August 2012 (GMT).
- MistyMorn (talk) 23:39, 22 August 2012 (UTC)
- Anthony Cole (talk) (Australia) 00:48, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
- Kpjas (talk) 15:27, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
- --Adert (talk) 22:54, 23 August 2012 (UTC)
- Amqui (talk) 16:44, 30 August 2012 (UTC) (as an observer, may help periodically if you need someone on the ground in the Canadian Prairies)
- have no real extra time to be active ATM but intrigued. Casliber (talk) 01:02, 8 September 2012 (UTC)
- Biosthmors (talk) 15:19, 20 September 2012 (UTC)
- Brangifer (talk) 05:28, 2 October 2012 (UTC)
- Andreas Werle (talk) 18:32, 2 October 2012 (UTC)
- Zad68 (talk) 17:34, 3 October 2012 (UTC)
- Ildiko Santana (talk)
- Pete F (talk)
- --RexRowan (talk) 08:18, 10 October 2012 (UTC)
- FiachraByrne (talk) 22:25, 13 October 2012 (UTC)
- Mikael Häggström (talk) 13:05, 14 October 2012 (UTC)
- Jane023 (talk) 19:03, 14 October 2012 (UTC)
- Andrew Davidson (talk) 06:52, 16 October 2012 (UTC)
- Mrjohncummings (talk) 15:59, 15 October 2012 (UTC)
- Ocaasi (talk) 19:29, 16 October 2012 (UTC)
- Helga Perry (talk) 13:52, 21 October 2012 (UTC)
- Rupertfawdry (talk) 14:16, 21 October 2012 (UTC)
- Leighblackall (talk) 01:06, 22 October 2012 (UTC)
- DGG (talk) 05:16, 22 October 2012 (UTC)
- Benjitheijneb (talk) 21:21, 25 October 2012 (UTC) (No medical experience, and not even in university yet, but I'll try to contribute where possible)
- Palma Marton Chatonnet (talk): biologist, translator (EN-HU), editor (EN,HU) 17:24, 26 October 2012
- ashashyou (talk · contribs · email)--Ashashyou (talk) 08:19, 27 October 2012 (UTC)
- GeneralBelly (talk) 19:39, 1 November 2012 (UTC) - Irish doctor, very interested in WP and medical education
- DrGaellon (talk | contribs) 22:56, 1 November 2012 (UTC) - Medical educator in NYC area, general internist/hospitalist
- Tito Dutta (Talk) 12:06, 2 November 2012 (UTC) (no relevant qualification)
- MaenK.A.Talk 18:29, 9 November 2012 (UTC)
- NCurse (talk) 20:49, 9 November 2012 (UTC), you can count on me!
- --Ziphon (talk) 21:14, 10 November 2012 (UTC)
- UseTheCommandLine (talk) 03:04, 12 November 2012 (UTC)
- Mattopaedia Yes, Ive been a bit silent lately, but I'm still interested!. Mattopaedia Have a yarn 04:37, 12 November 2012 (UTC)
- Netha - Medical student from India, interested in medical education and public health.
- Owain Davies - professional digital healthcare provider
- Hydra Rain (talk)
- Abhishek Suryawanshi Pharmacy student, and young scientist from India.
- Michael Turken Medical student interested in technology, public health, and medical education.
- —Sowlos 08:56, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
- Prashanth NS, Researcher & public health scholar from India working on health systems strengthening and research
- PizzaMan (talk) 10:03, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
- Rob Hurt (talk) 17:32, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
- Simon Caulton 22:18, 20 December 2012 (UTC)
- Cliff Knickerbocker (talk) 17:32, 20 December 2012 (UTC) - Lung cancer researcher, available in St. Joseph, Missouri, US area
- Doc Elisa(talk)- 15:09 22 december 2012 (UTC)giving support in cardiology, angiology, phlebology, internal medicine.
- Cpant23 (talk) 10:13, 22 December 2012 (UTC) giving support as translator (to castillan,... spanish), and doing another things
- Nicke.me - Biotechnology student from India, interested in Immunology, related disorders, its bearing in both health and diseases and research treatment methods.
- DocOfSoc (talk) Medical Sociologist
- Samir (talk) 01:10, 03 January 2013 (UTC) Oncology
- User:Ossip_Groth (talk) 06:10, 03 January 2013 (CET) Nephrology. I have the Metatextbook_of_Medicine resource, a collection of free medical reviews, 70k tagged, 20k to be tagged, actuality 2011, and some other med-lib stuff running, and the idea to supply pre formatted pubmed search terms. site is www.kidney.de.
- Redviolin87 (talk). 23:12, 07 January 2013. Rare diseases.
- Copyleft about degenerative disease --Copyleft (talk) 15:43, 11 January 2013 (UTC)
- FloNight (talk) 18:04, 11 January 2013 (UTC)
- Adh30 (talk) 00:53, 13 January 2013 (UTC)
- GastelEtzwane (talk) 22:53, 2 February 2013 (UTC) Interested in setting up a wikipedian in residence at the WHO in Geneva Switzerland
- Diptanshu.D (talk) 13:07, 16 February 2013 (UTC), a medical graduate from Kolkata, India, proceeding towards post-graduation in Paediatrics. I frequently lookup English Wikipedia for Medical articles and add to the knowledge base if I feel I can improve upon or contribute to a page.
- Cpt ricard (talk) 06:23, 9 March 2013 (UTC)
- NetAction (talk) 17:16, 5 April 2013 (UTC)
- --Franciaio (talk) 14:19, 24 April 2013 (UTC) interested in nursing, medical informatics, EBN, EBP
- NetAction (talk) 16:53, 25 April 2013 (UTC)
- Klortho (talk) 18:50, 1 May 2013 (UTC)
- --ProtoplasmaKid (WM-MX) (talk) 06:03, 3 May 2013 (UTC)
- Eleassar my talk 10:42, 7 May 2013 (UTC)
- JakobSteenberg (talk) 15:40, 7 May 2013 (UTC)
- Michaelturken (talk) 18:24, 8 May 2013 (UTC)
- Superbellymonster (talk) 03:17, 9 May 2013 (UTC)
- User:ashashyou (talk)--Ashashyou (talk) 13:48, 9 May 2013 (UTC)
- User:suidafrikaan (talk)10:46, 14 May 2013 (UTC) South African, mental health professional and university lecturer
- RuralVirologist (talk) 11:48, 17 May 2013 (SAST), South Africa
- Abhijeet Safai (talk) 10:53, 18 May 2013, India
- Can't follow too many of the administrative details but I'm around and paying attention. ImperfectlyInformed (talk) 14:34, 19 May 2013 (UTC)
- Gloria sah (talk) 11:46, 4 June 2013 (UTC)
- Quiddity (talk) 18:03, 6 July 2013 (UTC)
- --Gambo7 (talk)
- --Jacknunn (talk)
- --Jayantanth (talk) 07:45, 17 August 2013 (UTC)
- Shani Evenstein (talk) 15:50, 21 August 2013 (UTC) - Hebrew, English.
- Taketa (talk) 17:26, 29 August 2013 (UTC) - Medical intern from the Netherlands.
- --Facu89 (talk) 14:14, 23 September 2013 (UTC)
- Seppi333 (talk) 04:04, 12 December 2013 (UTC) (English)
- --Ganesh Paudel (talk) 01:53, 21 December 2013 (UTC)
- OR drohowa (talk) 20:22, 30 December 2013 (UTC) WIR at Metropolitan New York Library Council
- Ian Furst (talk) 02:17, 20 January 2014 (UTC) (English)
- Johnbod (talk) 13:28, 29 March 2014 (UTC) - not any sort of medical professional, also User:Wiki at Royal Society John as WiR at the Royal Society, the UK's National Academy for the Sciences.
- Benoit Rochon, translation task force in French.
- Humpath (talk) 10:55, 1 April 2014 (UTC) (English and french)
- --Partynia (talk) 21:05, 4 May 2014 (UTC) (German)
- Wintereu (talk) 13:35, 5 May 2014 (UTC) (Romanian)
- West.andrew.g (talk) -- Research scientist currently involved in studying cross-language viewership patterns on WikiProject medicine articles -- 04:32, 15 May 2014 (UTC)
- --LT910001 (talk) 23:03, 22 May 2014 (UTC)
- Brenton (talk|email) (I automatically watch all pages I edit) 16:45, 31 May 2014 (UTC). Been contributing since last year; I'm an Australian Pharmacy Student, I edit wherever I see something wrong with a page that I know how to fix. (English)
- Raimundo Pastor (talk - contribs) 11:55, 14 June 2014 (UTC) (Spanish)
- Zellfaze (talk) 19:13, 26 August 2014 (UTC)
- Nootherone321 (talk|Special:EmailUser/Nootherone321/email) Resident (English, Spanish)
- Iztwoz (talk) 16:17, 21 September 2014 (UTC) (English)
- Eukesh (talk) 17:01, 25 September 2014 (UTC) Medical doctor (English, Nepal Bhasa, Nepali, Hindi)
- A12n (talk) 19:13, 1 October 2014 (UTC) (no medical background; interested in facilitating translations for African language editions, esp. Bambara and Fula)
- Guaka (talk) 12:03, 27 October 2014 (UTC) interested in Bambara and Peul and other African languages, started an "Ebola translation task force" that can be considered a very focused part of this entire project (possibly more accessible to wiki newbies). Guaka (talk) 12:03, 27 October 2014 (UTC)
- Another Believer (talk) 22:47, 1 November 2014 (UTC)
- Losrivas (talk) 08:46, 4 November 2014 (UTC)
- Dr. Pereira (talk) 16:41, 9 November 2014 (UTC) (English, Italian)
- Part (talk) 10:20, 13 November 2014 (UTC) (English)
- —Teles «Talk to me ˱C L @ S˲» 19:33, 22 December 2014 (UTC) (Portuguese)
- Bakerstmd (talk) 04:18, 19 January 2015 (UTC)
- CFCF (talk) (English, Swedish)
- Liang(WMTW) (talk) 07:44, 11 April 2015 (UTC) (Chinese, Taiwan)
- →Masssly✉ 22:00, 22 April 2015 (UTC) (English, Akan, Hausa, Dagbani)
- Satdeep Gill (talk) 15:13, 22 October 2015 (UTC) (Punjabi)
- --Saintfevrier (talk) 22:02, 13 February 2016 (UTC) (languages = Greek & English, interested in everything medical as I am currently teaching patients to edit Wikipedia with my IEG)
- en:User EEng Within medical topics my interest is primarily history of medicine, and even within that I'm fairly narrowly focused on my special hobby, en:Phineas Gage. Two ways I'm happy to help are (a) copyediting, and (b) if something obscure is listed at [2], I can scan a reasonable amount of it for you. You must contact me at en:User EEng, or use "Email this user".
- SmozBleda (talk) (Slovenian) (Slovenian talk page)
- Mosab (talk) (Arabic + english)
- Jtamad (talk) 08:07, 29 February 2016 (UTC) (English)
- KediÇobanı🐈 Türkçe (Ana dili), İngilizce (Temel) - Turkish (N), English (1)
- سامي الرحيلي (talk) 15:24, 29 February 2016 (UTC) (Arabic, English) (Saudi Arabia)
- OppidumNissenae (talk) 21:52, 29 February 2016 (UTC) (Italian)
- --Jondel (talk) 10:52, 29 February 2016 (UTC),English, Latin, Interlingua
- EvMsmile English, German (but am not active on the German Wikipedia as yet) EvMsmile (talk) 11:44, 29 February 2016 (UTC)
- Mary Mark Ockerbloom (talk) 13:03, 29 February 2016 (UTC)
- Rod57 (talk) (English) 29 February 2016 (UTC)
- Cuaxdon (talk) (English/Chinese/Tayal/Russian) 14:28, 29 February 2016 (UTC)
- Wolfch (talk) (Chinese) --184.108.40.206 14:46, 29 February 2016 (UTC)
- GanS NIS (talk) (Kazakh/Russian) --GanS NIS (talk) 14:48, 29 February 2016 (UTC)
- Ewan2 (Hebrew+Romanian) I make only small editings and corrections also in other languages - English,French, Italian, Russian,German etc
- Muck (talk) 21:02, 2 March 2016 (UTC) (German)
- Rami.Shinnawi (talk) 19:50, 3 March 2016 (UTC) (Arabic)
- --1mssg (talk) 01:46, 4 March 2016 (UTC) (spanish, english)
- Mervat (Arabic,English)
- Zieger_M (German)
- Roshu (talk · contribs · email) 15:22, 10 March 2016 (UTC) (Languages: English, Bengali) (Note: I recieved The Cure Award for being one of Wikipedia's top 300 medical contributors of 2015)
- Lfstevens (talk) 18:45, 10 March 2016 (UTC) (English)
- kimivanil Editing and creating mainly drugs and pharmacology pages on wikipedia (Hebrew, English) --Kimivanil (talk) 20:55, 11 March 2016 (UTC)
- RichardWeiss (talk) 18:47, 26 March 2016 (UTC) (English, Spanish)
- Klbrain Teaches pharmacology, physiology and therapeutics. (talk) 16:09, 31 March 2016 (UTC)(English)
- Geraki TL 16:18, 31 March 2016 (UTC) Guiding a Wikipedia Education Program with medical students who create/translate articles in Greek Wikipedia.
- --Mahmoud al-Rawi (talk) 00:26, 15 April 2016 (UTC) (Arabic), (I ranked 19 in Top medical editors 2015)
- OsmoseIt (talk) 05:20, 28 July 2012 (UTC), (English)
- --Saintfevrier (talk) 06:54, 20 May 2016 (UTC) (English-Greek, currently running an IEG program titled Wikitherapy exploring the benefits of wiki editing by mentally-ill patients, wishing to take it to the next level by introducing the editing of medical content in other health settings)
- Davidcarroll (talk) 21:45, 09 June 2016 (UTC) (English)
- Finn Årup Nielsen (fnielsen) (talk) 12:36, 20 June 2016 (UTC) (Danish, sometimes English)
- Skirtick (talk) 15:56, 20 June 2016 (UTC) (Mainly Chinese, sometimes English)
- Ala'a (talk) (Arabic & English)
Participant demographics[edit]
Participants come from a variety of countries, including the following:
- Argentina
- Australia
- Bangladesh
- Brazil
- Canada
- Egypt
- France
- Germany
- Ghana
- Hungary
- India
- Iraq
- Israel
- Italy
- Jordan
- Nepal
- Netherlands
- Palestine
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Saudi Arabia
- South Africa
- Spain
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- United States
Related WikiProjects (many inactive)[edit]
As of Feb 2016 there are Wikiproject Medicine in 38 languages Messaging list is here
- English en:Wikipedia:Wikiproject medicine
- Arabic (ar) (talk) ar:ويكيبيديا:مشروع ويكي طب (inactive)
- Assamese (as) (main) (inactive)
- Bulgarian (bg) (talk) bg:Уикипедия:Медицина (inactive)
- Bengali (bn) (talk) bn:উইকিপিডিয়া:উইকিপ্রকল্প_চিকিৎসাবিদ্যা (inactive)
- Catalan (ca) (talk) (inactive)
- Welsh (cy) (talk) (inactive)
- Chinese (zh) (talk) zh:Wikipedia:医学专题 (inactive)
- Croatian (talk) hr:Wikipedija:Wikiprojekt medicina (inactive)
- Estonian (talk) et:Vikipeedia:Vikiprojekt Meditsiin (inactive)
- Farsi (talk) fa:ویکیپدیا:ویکیپروژه پزشکی (inactive)
- Finish (talk fi:Wikipedia:Wikiprojekti Lääketiede (inactive)
- French (talk) fr:Projet:Médecine
- German (talk) de:Wikipedia:Redaktion Medizin
- Korean (talk) ko:위키백과:위키프로젝트 의학 (mostly inactive)
- Hindi (talk) hi:विकिपीडिया:विकिपरियोजना चिकित्सा (inactive)
- Italian (talk) it:Progetto:Medicina
- Japanese (talk) ja:Wikipedia:ウィキプロジェクト 医学 (nearly inactive)
- Macedonian (talk) mk:Википедија:ВикиПроект Медицина (inactive)
- Marathi (talk)mr:विकिपीडिया:विकिमोहीम वैद्यकशास्त्र (inactive)
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
EatingWell's Best Potluck Recipes (Slide 2)
(Slide 2 of 11) Start at the beginning | View recipes as list
Recipe: Broccoli-Bacon Salad
View as: Thumbnails List
Tex-Mex Summer Squash Casse…
Chiles and cheese turn mild summer squash into a zesty, satisfying casserole. The jalapenos make thi…View slide
Broccoli-Bacon Salad
A picnic favorite, this salad combines broccoli, water chestnuts, cranberries and just a little baco…View slide
Provençal Summer Vegetables
This stunning side dish of layered tomatoes, eggplant, summer squash and leeks bursts with fresh fla…View slide
Three-Bean Salad
This three-bean salad has far less sugar than typical versions. We opt for a combination of canned a…View slide
Lebanese Potato Salad
Dressed with a tangy lemon vinaigrette and fresh mint, this invigorating—and dairy-free—potato s…View slide
Chilled Maine Shrimp with C…
This Vietnamese-inspired shrimp salad is perfect if you're looking for something different to brin…View slide
Cheddar Cornmeal Biscuits w…
These chive-flecked cornmeal biscuits taste best made with extra-sharp Cheddar, but any type of Ched…View slide
Garden Pasta Salad
This lightly dressed pasta salad gets lots of flavor from kalamata olives and basil. A colorful mix …View slide
Seven-Layer Salad
This makeover of a Midwestern classic tops layers of lettuce, peas, bell pepper and tomatoes with a …View slide
Sesame Chicken Cucumber Noo…
This sesame chicken and noodle salad couldn't be simpler to make. It's a refreshing dish to serv…View slide


text:
For some reason it seems that my favourite editor TeXnicCenter doesn't support unicode (correct me please if I'm wrong, which wouldn't be the first time).
Can anyone recommend an editor which does, for Windows platform? Simplicity is appreciated.
According to the TeXnicCenter site, there'a an alpha version that supports unicode: TeXnicCenter 2.0 Alpha 1.
If you are willing to change your editor, perhaps the answers to this question can be useful for you: LaTeX Editors/IDEs.
I personally use TeXworks (I use it under Linux, but it is multiplataform, so you can also use it on Windows machines).
If you prefer simplicity, TeXworks has my recommendations (it also comes bundled with MiKTeX).
Another excellent editor which supports unicode is Texmaker - it might be considered even simpler to use because it offers wizards for common tasks.
see last column in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_TeX_editors
Folks, there is only one editor, which is as mighty as LaTeX is: Emacs, with the AUCTeX-Package.
Don't garble your workflow by using one of this half-baked, GUI-dominated and buggy newcomers. Emacs has been around for more than 20 years.
I will retag this question.
Edit: Recently I found out that Emacs even can use the back of Word documents! Think of all the people who only work on the side of the document which is shown on the screen! What a waste of resources.
TeXstudio is best Unicode Editor in arena right now.


text:
If I break one bulb on a string of Christmas lights, or the filament goes out, then all of the rest seem to stop working. Why is this?
However, I've also seen the opposite happen in some newer lights -- when one breaks, the others stay on. What makes this one different than the others?


text:
The 20 Worst Cover Songs in Pop Music History
Covering other people's material is a mainstay in pop music. Why bother taking the time to write an original song when you can just recycle somebody else's hit, redo it with an acoustic guitar (or, if it's an acoustic song, with an electric guitar) and generate the same result? But it doesn't always work out as planned, especially if you don't bother to figure out what made the original song popular in the first place (or in the case of our #1 choice, even bother to learn the damn lyrics first). Below, 20 great songs that received sound butcherings by artists who should've known better. A lot better.
#20. "You Shook Me All Night Long" - Celine Dion and Anastasia
#19. "Downtown Train" - Rod Stewart
#18. "Knockin' on Heaven's Door" - Guns N Roses
#17. "Demolition Man" - Manfred Mann
"I'm a walking nightmare, an arsenal of doom / I kill conversation as I walk into the room." This sums up Manfred Mann's music quite nicely, actually. They struck gold with their cover of Springsteen's "Blinded by the Light," but one hit does not excuse the litany of brutal covers with which they've ear-raped us with before and since, from The Jam's "Going Underground" to Dylan's "It's All Over Now (Baby Blue)". But the absolute nadir is probably this, their slaughter of The Police's "Demolition Man," which somehow manages to beat out Sylvester Stallone for the title of worst Demolition Man ever.


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GENESEO, N.Y. -- Caleb Crain, a writer of both fiction and non-fiction, will address "Melville's Secrets" at the seventh annual Harding Lecture Sept. 23 at the State University of New York at Geneseo. The lecture begins at 4 p.m. in the college's MacVittie College Union ballroom and is free and open to the public.
Crain is the author of the book American Sympathy: Men, Friendship and Literature in the New Nation, and of numerous articles about American literature and culture in newspapers, magazines and scholarly journals. His essays, reviews and fiction have appeared in such venues as The New Yorker, The Nation, The New York Times Magazine and The New York Review of Books. His novella Sweet Grafton was published in the online journal n+1. His blog, Steamboats Are Ruining Everything, won the Cliopatra Award for Best Writer in 2007.
Crain received his doctorate in English from Columbia University. He has worked as senior editor at the magazine Lingua Franca and was a fellow at the Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center for Scholars and Writers at the New York Public Library. He also has taught as an adjunct assistant professor at Columbia.
SUNY Geneseo launched the annual Harding lecture in 2004 in honor of the late Walter Harding, an internationally famous faculty member who was the world's leading scholar on 19th century author Henry David Thoreau. Author of more than 25 books and numerous articles on the life and work of Thoreau, Harding's biography on Thoreau is still considered the definitive account of his life and was reprinted by Princeton University Press in 1992. He was the founding secretary and former president of the Thoreau Society, the oldest and largest international organization devoted to the study of any American author.
Harding, a distinguished professor emeritus of English at SUNY Geneseo, died in 1996 at the age of 78. He joined the faculty at Geneseo in 1956 after teaching at the University of Virginia, Rutgers University and the University of North Carolina. He received his doctorate from Rutgers in 1950. He served as chair of SUNY Geneseo's English department for six years and was designated a University Professor in 1966 and a Distinguished Professor in 1973. He retired in 1982 and a year later became the first faculty member in SUNY to be awarded a SUNY Honorary Doctor of Letters degree.
Harding's wife, Marjorie Brook Harding, created an endowment to make the lecture series possible. She significantly enlarged the endowment last spring, assuring that generations of Geneseo students and faculty will benefit from Walter Harding's tradition of scholarship and learning. In addition, Harding's family donated his extensive collection of more than 15,000 books, pamphlets, articles and other Thoreau memorabilia to his beloved Thoreau Society at Walden Woods in Concord, Mass. The collection includes all Thoreau first editions and first printings. The family generously ensured that SUNY Geneseo's Milne Library was able to make copies of Harding's works. The Walter Harding Collection consists of writings and 19th-century objects associated with Thoreau and transcendentalism.
Media Contact:
David Irwin
Media Relations Manager
(585) 245-5516


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I'm looking for an injective function from the set $A$ of all functions $f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ to $\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R})$. Any hints?
I think the other direction is easy: An injective function from $\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R})$ to $A$ is just a functions that maps all $X \in \mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R})$ to a function $g$ with $g(\mathbb{R})=X$. Is that correct?


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Teaching Checklist
The following are examples of ways you can improve the teaching quality of your course. There are many other ways to do this, some of which may be more appropriate to your course or content. Contact the e-Learning Center for more information. You may also be interested in our Technical Quality Checklist.
We envision this as a starting point, as more examples become apparent the list will expand.
Principle 1: Encourage contact between students and faculty.
1.1 Tell students how and when to communicate with you.
1.1.1 Provide accurate and appropriate instructor contact information.
1.1.2 Indicate which types of communication should take place over which channels.
1.2 Personalize communication with students.
1.2.1 Include a picture of yourself along with brief biographical information.
1.2.2 In learning objectives and assignment instructions, address students as "you" rather than "the student."
1.3 Create a welcoming, safe online environment.
220.127.116.11 & 18.104.22.168 Make your course hospitable for people of different genders, cultural backgrounds, and learning styles.
1.3.2 Post policies describing appropriate and inappropriate types of course communication.
1.4 Use online course features to encourage communication.
1.4.1 Use asynchronous tools such as discussion boards and email.
1.4.2 If feasible for your students, use real-time features such as chat rooms, whiteboards, and Elluminate.
Principle 2: Develop reciprocity and cooperation among students.
2.1 Facilitate student interaction.
2.1.1 At the beginning of the course, include an introduction activity that helps students get to know each other and gives students practice in using online tools such as discussions, email, and attachments.
2.1.2 Organize your course material in a way that invites student interaction with the content, with other students, and with the instructor.
2.2 Encourage group collaboration.
2.2.1 Create teams of students to interact, collaborate on projects, and solve problems.
2.2.2 Instruct students in how to work as a team, explaining group members' roles, and establishing guidelines for group interaction.
184.108.40.206 & 22.214.171.124 Post students' completed papers and assignments for collaborative review so that students gain experience in responding constructively to others' work.
Principle 3: Encourage active learning.
3.1 Provide opportunities for students to discuss and interact with the course material.
3.1.1 Craft guiding questions about the subject matter, and then give students assignments to discuss the questions, propose answers, and defend the answers.
3.1.2 Assign students to present work to the class in a variety of ways, such as discussion board postings, chat, presentations, podcasts, or multimedia projects.
3.2 Provide content that enables critical analysis and reflection.
3.2.1 Give students opportunities to record their observations and to do self assessments.
126.96.36.199 & 18.104.22.168 Help students set challenging goals for their own learning.
3.3 Use concrete, real-world data, examples, case studies, or situations in assignments.
3.3.1 Give assignments that provide students ample opportunity to practice and apply concepts and skills in realistic and relevant ways.
3.3.2 Explain to students how the course readings, activities, assignments, and assessments will help them apply their learning.
Principle 4: Give students prompt feedback.
4.1 Set communication expectations in writing.
4.1.1 Tell students how quickly and how frequently you will respond to email and discussion postings and when you will post grades for assignments and exams.
4.1.2 Provide regular guidance and encouragement to the class.
4.2 Provide explicit grading criteria for each assignment and apply the criteria consistently when grading.
4.2.1 Provide annotated examples of successfully completed assignments, explaining why they were successful.
4.2.2 Prepare classroom exercises and problems that give students immediate feedback on performance (for example, self tests).
4.3 Use assignments, quizzes, and tests for feedback.
4.3.1 Give students detailed feedback on performance early in the term.
4.3.2 Provide feedback that is both informational and evaluative.
4.3.3 Give students frequent comments and support via email, chat, and discussion postings.
Principle 5: Emphasize time on task.
5.1 Organize the course so that students and instructors use their time efficiently and effectively while focusing on the learning objectives.
5.1.1 Establish clear goals and deadlines, and communicate these to students explicitly.
5.1.2 At the beginning of the course, tell students how much time you expect them to spend on course activities, including assignments, studying, and preparing for and participating in class.
5.2 Use online tools effectively.
5.2.1 Include a list or calendar that shows all course milestones and deadlines in a single place so that students don't have to hunt for the information.
5.2.2 Make the first few reading assignments available online to allow students time to get the textbook.
Principle 6: Communicate high expectations.
6.1 Provide clear and detailed written expectations.
6.1.1 Using clear, straightforward language, write your course objectives and intended learning outcomes, including them in the syllabus and in each learning module.
6.1.2 Rather than stating the minimum level of acceptable participation from students, describe and model ideal participation.
6.2 Make sure that content and assignments are challenging.
6.2.1 Make content and requirements as demanding as those in a corresponding face-to-face course.
6.2.2 Write detailed, accurate instructions for assignments, and include examples of the types of finished assignments that you expect from students.
Principle 7: Respect students' diverse talents and ways of learning.
7.1 Provide avenues for students to ask for and receive assistance in understanding course materials.
7.1.1 Encourage students to ask questions when they don't understand.
7.1.2 Provide extra material or exercises for students who lack essential background, knowledge, or skills.
7.2 Use a variety of techniques for presenting course material and content.
7.2.1 Make content available to students in manageable, easily navigated segments.
7.2.2 Present course materials in a variety of media, not just text, and make the media accessible to all students, including those who have disabilities.
7.2.3 Vary the types of interaction between students and the course material, students and the instructor, and among students.


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I'm in the process of implementing my GTD process, and I'm starting to run in to items that I want to put in a tickler file. The implementation of a physical tickler file makes tons of sense, but its unwieldy for me to have a physical tickler file. I'm trying to set everything up using remember the milk, but I'm willing to lean on other tools to complete the task. I've taken a brief look at the "Tickler file for email" question, but I was wondering what other alternatives people would recommend, or have had success with, in particular, using remember the milk?
I realize that StackExchange is not the place to ask for recommendations, but I'm at a loss: What does a digital tickler file look like, and what tools / techniques can people recommend?


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In my country it is a big business now, to sell "water structuring facilities". Promoters telling that after passing through them the water obtaining fantastic abilities basing on the fact that "water can keep information coded in molecular domains, chained by weak hydrogen bonds". This "structured" water is a panacea for all diseases.
I guess it is all started from this guy, but now they have a bunch of popular documentary films and many official academics supporting these ideas.
Which arguments should I use to convince my friends they're charlatans? I don't have a grade in physics, but from my basic university course I believe it is nonsense.
I think there must be some popular and simple facts that can be convincing enough for non-professionals who can understand physics at the high school level.


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Is is possible to correctly call yourself (or your team) "Agile" if you don't do TDD (Test-Driven Development)?
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Yes, yes, yes, a million times yes.
Agile is a philosophy, TDD is a specific methodology.
If I wanted to be really picky I could simply point out that there are quite a few variations of xDD - which their advocates will explain in depth are not TDD - but those are still substantially bound up with test first so that would be cheating.
So lets says this - you can be agile without doing "test first" development (look at the way scrum works - nowhere in there are there specifics about how you write code). Look at a kanban board, look at all sorts of agile methodologies.
Do you want unit tests? Of course you do, for all kinds of reasons - and you might well make an argument that you can't be agile without unit tests (although I suspect that you can be) - but you don't have to write them first to be agile.
And finally, its equally true that you could do Test First without being Agile and strong arguments for doing test first regardless of your overall dev philosophy.
It seems that others (with a more SOLID rep) have a similar opinion...
(The link in the tweet is to the full answer on LinkedIn)
"Being agile" simply means adhering to the values and principles of the agile manifesto. Nothing in that document mentions TDD, or even unit testing for that matter.
So yes, you can be agile without doing TDD or unit testing.
I wouldn't recommend it though...
Look at one of the agile values:
That should answer it already. TDD is a certain methodology, a process. Indeed a process that could possibly be used in agile development processes, but nothing more. I think that maybe TDD is state of the art now when being agile. But I think that the concept of agile will still be able to last, even if maybe TDD has been replaced by other practices.
I would sum it up like:
I say
No [sort of]
If you go back to the original source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_Programming TDD is fundamental to the process; the tests replace the requirements specifications and use-cases of waterfall, serve as living documentation and functioning examples, etc. They're indispensible.
However, there's so many different flavors of 'agile' floating around now that it's entirely possible that one of them eschews TDD
EDIT: @Murph's interpretation of the question seems to be the preferred one. Heck I even upvoted it, it's a good answer. However, I maintain my position that the Agile Manifesto is a set of principles, not a development methodology. I see no use in saying "oh yes I'm agile" without actually implementing the practices that bring the benefits. In particular:
Working software is the primary measure of progress.
Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors, developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely.
To me, these two principles imply if not require TDD - at least I know of no other way to achieve them without it!
EDIT 2: yes, technically you can write the tests afterwards; but I still regard test-first/TDD as fundamental. Not because you can't "be agile" without it, but because you will be more agile with it. Test-first/test-driven is a far more efficient approach than test-later/test-afterthought. The test descriptions are the requirements. Don't put them off until later ;-)
EDIT 3: I finally figured out what bothers me so much about Murph's very well-written answer. It's that notion that one could "be Agile" without actually doing it. And "doing it" (as shown above) pretty much requires TDD.
Strictly, you are agile by adhering to the agile manifesto. In practice, a code-base isn't agile unless it has good test coverage. You can do TDD and write the tests before/during the development of functionality or write tests for the functionality after it's developed. It's usually easier and more effective to do it the TDD way though.
You can be agile, but there is probably room for improvement.
One of the principles in agile is that you must be able to respond to change. This means that do not know in advance what you have to build. If you were following a waterfall process, you would know x months in advance exactly what you need to build, and you could design individual software components so they each take part in some larger scheme, reaching the final product (at least you would think that it was so). But since agile dictates that you don't know what the final product is, you never know what you code will be used for, and more importantly, when it will be changed.
Therefore you require a thorough test suite to make sure that the features that you have already build continues to work as the code base is modified.
But that itself is not TDD. If you write the tests after you write the code, it is not TDD. But TDD helps with another aspect, it prevents overproduction.
In my own agile team I have been struggling with developers writing code that they believe would become useful later in the project. Had that been waterfall development that would probably be OK, because they were adding support for something in the project plan for the next x months.
But if you are following the agile principles you should not write this code, because you have no idea if that will even be necessary. The feature that was planned for next week can suddenly be postponed indefinately.
If you correctly follow the TDD principle, then a single line of code cannot exist before a test dictates this line of code (personally I can write some trivial code without testing), and if you start by writing the acceptance test, then you only implement exactly what is needed to deliver the required features.
So TDD helps avoiding overproduction, allowing the team to be as effective as possible, which is also a core agile principle.
Can you be Agile without doing TDD (test driven development)?
Short answer: Yes.
Longer answer: There are a lot of really good answers already to this question and very good references. I will not try to debate those points.
In my experience, Agile is about picking the right level of Lean-ness for the project at hand. What do I mean by Lean-ness? And, why do I bring it into this answer?
Lean does not mean chopping everything possible out of your method. As one of our colleagues noted, you do not have to include TDD or Unit Test into your behaviors. However, in the project context you find yourself, it may or may not be beneficial.
Let's think about the supply chain for a large unnamed retailer located in AK. There is the consumer. They go into the store. The store receives various products via truck. The trucks, presumably, get those products from a warehouse. The warehouse is filled by shipments from various manufacturers. The manufacturers in turn have whole chains of supply themselves.
What happens when the general manager for shipping in the above supply chain is told that he will get a $1 million annual bonus for every year that he has less than 10 trucks in the fleet? He will immediate chop the fleet to 9 trucks. In this "awful" scenario, this will drive up the amount of goods stored in the warehouse (driving up cost in that node). And, it will "starve" the store fronts.
So, the overall supply chain suffers if local optimization is allowed without consideration of the whole.
Back to TDD and UT. TDD is a requirements expression mechanism. The system MUST perform to those constraints. Fair enough. TDD can replace Use Case Drive Development's requirements behavior or User Story Driven Development's requirements behavior. It has the "leaning" benefit of combining the Unit Test and Requirements work loads. It is a benefit if the overall work load is reduced. It is not, if the overall supply chain's work load is increased (let's fix quality).
And so, you asked: Can you be Agile without doing TDD (test driven development)?
Sure you can. A different, and perhaps better, question is: -- If I apply TDD to this project, will it result in an overall more efficient delivery of software or a less efficient?
To quote a favorite author... J.R.R. Tolkien
So, in the end, ... it depends. You must answer the question. Which path will most efficiently lead you to your desired goal(s).
To TDD or not to TDD. That remains the question. :-)
PS - I am reposting this answer on another site too. https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/mydeveloperworks/blogs/c914709e-8097-4537-92ef-8982fc416138/?maxresults=15&sortby=4&lang=en
Comparing to engineering a castle.
Agile Castle
If you were to engineer a castle using Agile. You'd write portions that have specific functions and encourage the user to use the functional parts, adjusting future design to the reactions of the user. So, you build the dungeon, and communicate with the dungeon keeper, you'd test the foundation provided by the land and the dungeon. You'd build the parapets and ask the nightwatchmen if it's good. You'd build the walls and have the soldiers test the defensive value. You'd build the kitchen and have the cooks look it over. And during this process, every part to date would function in addition to the current structure. So when you finished the dungeon, you could move the prisoners in. And so on. But when you've finally finished the castle, you find out the prisoners escaped. Now you need to go back into the dungeon and find out that you need thicker bars, but the doors aren't deep enough to hold the bars, and the hinges don't support bigger doors.
TDD Castle
With TDD, you show up with the prisoners, and see if they escape. Then you write the jail cells until they can't escape. Then you'd refactor the code cleanly removing unneeded cells, and removing bars that are in the wrong location, and test again. Prisoners didn't escape. You don't have to communicate with the jailor. And you could deliver the entire castle once you've finished it all. At that point the jailor says that the dungeon needs more cells, and now you've got to dig up more of the foundation.
Agile TDD Castle
If you combine Agile and TDD. You'd see if the prisoners escaped, then ask the jailor what's needed. He says you need more cells. You'd go grab some random people to pretend to be prisoners and see if they escape. If they don't, then you show it to the jailor, and he's happy with it. Then you start building the parapets.
So both solve different problems. Agile helps with changing requirements based on discovering users needs as they see the product develop at the point in the process where it's easiest to adapt. It involves releasing stable additions broken up from the overall design.
TDD solves the problem of anticipating failure. Discovering and correcting failure as it occurs at a point in the process where it's easiest to fix. It involves testing stable de-coupled units of code broken up from the overall design.
It's easy to see TDD as an extension to Agile, because they both follow the same pattern, unit driven progress and review. The difference is that the units in Agile function externally to-date as a whole, whereas the units in TDD function as a part, and may not produce a functioning product for external review. And both processes govern different needs (usability vs. correctness). Since both function over a process of developing in units, both review processes can occur at similar points, with TDD being more finely divided.
Agile forces you to address and mitigate schedule and quality risks at every iteration. i.e. TDD is not needed to be considered Agile.
However, TDD is a tremendous technique for mitigating quality risks, especially for a project with a large number of iterations or people. In such a project, TDD will add some schedule risk in early iterations, because you have to write test cases too. However, TDD yields huge costs savings in later iterations because it continuously mitigates quality risks. i.e. TDD is recommended.
protected by gnat Sep 29 '15 at 19:54
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Spring Peas with Basil and Green Onion Pesto RecipeSpring Peas with Basil and Green Onion Pesto
Source: MyFoodDiary.com
Peas are a source for plant-based omega-3 fatty acids as well as manganese, folic acid, fiber, and vitamin B6. In this recipe, fresh peas are quickly blanched to retain their crisp texture, and then mixed with a seasonal pesto made with basil, green onions, and walnuts.
Yield: 4 servings
Preparation time: 15 minutes
Cooking time: 5 minutes
- 20 large, fresh basil leaves
- 2 cloves garlic, chopped
- 2 green onions, white and green portions chopped
- 1/4 cup chopped walnuts
- 2 tbsp grated Parmesan cheese
- 2 tbsp extra virgin olive oil
- 1/8 tsp salt
- 1/8 tsp ground black pepper
- 2 cups fresh spring peas
- In a small food processor, add the basil, garlic, onions, walnuts, and cheese. Pulse four to five times, until the basil and vegetables are chopped. Pour in the olive oil, and add the salt and pepper. Pulse until all ingredients are finely chopped and resemble a spread. Set aside.
- Bring 3 cups of water to a boil in a medium-sized sauce pan. Meanwhile, prepare a medium-sized bowl with 3 cups of ice water. Once the water in the saucepan boils, add the peas and cook for 60 seconds.
- Remove the peas from heat, and drain them through a colander. Transfer the peas quickly to the cold water for 30 seconds. Pour the peas back into the colander to drain the cold water.
- Transfer the peas to a medium bowl and add the pesto. Stir to coat the peas in the pesto. This dish can be served warm, room temperature, or cold.
Nutrition information for one serving (1/2 cup): Calories 178; Total Fat 12.2 g; Saturated Fat 2.9 g; Trans Fat 0 g; Cholesterol 2 mg; Sodium 112 mg; Carbohydrate 12.2 g; Fiber 4.2 g; Sugar 3.8 g; Protein 6.3 g


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Living in a Listed Building
Most owners and occupiers are proud of their building's listed status. Very often the reason they have chosen the building is because of its unique character and history. If you own a listed building it is your responsibility to ensure that any repairs, maintenance or alterations are in keeping with the design and age of the building.
If a Listed Building does fall into disrepair, the City Council has powers to carry out repairs and recover costs from the owner. We can, if necessary, purchase the property to protect it. However, we always try to work with owners, giving them the advice and information they need to take proper care of their building.
Listing does not mean you cannot make changes, but you should take care to match original materials and construction methods and avoid damaging features of historic or architectural value. It is a criminal offence to undertake changes or alterations to a Listed Building with out consent and you should always check if permission is required before starting any work.
Please contact us and we will advise you on appropriate methods and materials to be used in repairing and maintaining your property
Last Updated : 6th November 2013


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Note for babysitters:
This recipe contains milk.
Ask parents about any food allergies
before making this recipe for kids.
Prep time: about 1 to 2 hours
Serves: 3 to 4
Serving size: 1 pop
Nutritional analysis (per serving):
127 calories
5 g protein
2 g fat
21 g carbohydrate
0 g fiber
7 mg cholesterol
73 mg sodium
262 mg calcium
0 mg iron
Note: Nutritional analysis may vary depending on ingredient brands used.
If you like, you can make this recipe using plastic ice-pop molds instead of the paper cups and popsicle sticks.
For a cool-looking snack, fill your cups only halfway with one flavor of yogurt in Step 1. Follow Steps 2, 3, and 4. Remove your pops from the freezer, take off the plastic wrap, and spoon in another flavor of yogurt that's a different color. Put the plastic wrap back on and freeze once more. When your pops are frozen, you'll have two-colored treats!
Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.
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SDCC: Marvel's "Doctor Strange" Combats "Death and Pain" in New Trailer
Comic Books, Film
Showing results 94-117 of 117
ROBOT 6's Tom Bondurant reflects on the work Dwayne McDuffie did on DC's Justice League, noting he was "someone fluent in the language of superheroes, who used those skills to tell exciting, meaningful stories."
DC Comics newly minted Executive Editor explains how the "Reign of Doomsday" story grew from the initial pitch to a full DC Universe event while sharing James Robinson's JLA ambitions and an exclusive Dan Jurgens variant.
The Hero Initiative is teaming with DC Comics for the first time with 100 copies of "Justice League of America" #50 customized by artists including Alex Ross, Jose Luis Garcia-Lopez, Tony Parker and more.
Greg McElhatton gave "Justice League of America" #50 3.5 stars, saying that James Robinson and Mark Bagley's story is "starting to sell the idea that these are characters who belong in the [Justice] League."
In the second part of a two-part DAYBREAK, award-winning writer James Robinson spoke about his two big NYCC announcements: his "Starman/Congorilla" one-shot and the forthcoming "Shade" 12-issue series.
In the first of a two-part interview, James Robinson spoke about his plans for "Justice League of America," including the introduction of a new supervillain and exploring the vision Jade experienced in "Brightest Day."
DC Comics has released solicitation information and images for new comics and products shipping in January 2011, including the latest from "Brightest Day," "Batman Inc.," the prelude to "Flashpoint" and much more.
Stuart Moore and Fabian Nicieza, the writing duo behind the Middle Eastern comic book series "The 99," spoke with CBR about their upcoming crossover teaming the worldly heroes with the Justice League of America.
The creators behind DC Comics' team books shared news on whatâs coming up from their respective titles and answered fans' questions about, well, everything on the final day of Comic-Con International in San Diego.
CBR spoke with James Robinson about the "world-shattering, world-in-peril" story he and Mark Bagley are set to deliver in DC's two biggest team books: "Justice League of America" and "Justice Society of America."
James Robinson talks about writing for DC Comics, revealing new information about the Justice League, including their new, permanent lineup and the ramifications to be felt from "War of The Supermen."
A very busy James Robinson says he's ready to bring back Vibe in the pages of "Justice League of America" and will attempt to make him not only cool, but scary, even if the character's still wearing a V-neck tank top and sunglasses.
Writer Chuck Kim, whose career has spanned editing James Robinson and Tony Harrisâ "Starman" to most recently working as a writer on NBCâs "Heroes," shares news about the new "Justice League of America 80-Page Giant."
The Eisner Award winning writer shares details about his roster in "Justice League of America" and why superheroes like Cave Carson, Doctor Mid-Nite, Plastic Man and The Flash may be taking their turns for monitor duty too.
DC's announced that writer James Robinson and artist Mark Bagley are taking over the reins of the publisherâs flagship title, âJustice League of Americaâ come October. CBR News spoke with Robinson about the book.
Rich looks back on the big movers during FCBD, while Dwayne McDuffie takes "Justice League" readers behind the scenes on the monthly series. Plus, more on last week's story about layoffs, Superboy's return and much more!
Legendary comics creator Len Wein talks to CBR about his upcoming two-parter on DC's "Justice League of America," which will feature Plastic Man and the Royal Flush Gang, among other favorites.
Rags Morales returns to the team that made him a household name and explains why he's out to fix his "Identity Crisis" mistakes, explore the most classic modes of drawing, and avoid the pitfalls of waiting for the trade
The colorist of such titles as "Justice League of America," "House of M" and "Powers," Pete Pantazis goes in-depth with CBR about the nature of the colorist, the subject of recognition, and the challenges of the weekly "Trinity."
2009 starts with a bang as a surprising eight comics made their way to the promised land on their merits alone, from Ed Brubaker's latest to Jim Shooter and Dwayne McDuffie's team books.
Courtesy of DC, CBR brings you advance looks at new comics on sale this week including new issues of "Batman," "Justice League of America," "Nightwing," "Trinity," and "Vixen: Return of the Lion."
Acclaimed author and essayist G. Willow Wilson discusses the upcoming "Vixen: Return of the Lion," telling CBR the miniseries is not and an origin tale nor a reimagining, and is indeed set in current DCU continuity.
Keith Giffen returns to share his thoughts on "Brave and the Bold," 1960s comic book dialog, what "Countdown" was counting down to, cholesterol drugs and a list of apologies in advance of July's "Ambush Bug: Year None."
"Justice League of America" writer Dwayne McDuffie teases CBR readers wth whatâs next for DCâs top-selling comic, and details exactly how "Final Crisis" will influence the book.
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1-8 of 8


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WHEELING - The Oglebay Park ski and snowboard facility started the new year on a positive note, as the recent cold snap allowed the facility to open Monday for the first time this season.
Rico Coville, director of golf and skiing for Oglebay, said temperatures dipping into "the teens" overnight during the past few days has provided the park the perfect opportunity to make the necessary snow base to open the facility this week.
"We were just unable to make snow because it's got to be below 28 degrees to make a lot of snow," said Coville.
Article Photos
GETTING IT READY — Oglebay crews replace light bulbs above the park's ski lift Wednesday afternoon. The ski and snowboard facility opened for the first time this season on Monday. -- Scott McCloskey
He said the park has to have a significant snow base or the snow groomers will just start "bringing up dirt."
"When it's in the teens like it was last night, we make a lot of snow. ... We just want to keep making as much snow as possible so we can build up a good base so that when it does get warm we can continue to be open. We wanted to be open a couple of weeks ago, that would have been great, but we just couldn't do it," he added.
Coville said plenty of local ski and snowboard enthusiasts have turned out at the ski facility over the past two days.
"We were packed each day, it was awesome. ... It seemed like everybody was having a good time - and a lot of people got new gear for Christmas and they wanted to get out and use it," Coville added.
He said the ski facility is back on its regular schedule, weather permitting. The hours of operation are: 4-9 p.m. Monday through Thursday, 4-10 p.m. Friday, 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. Saturday and 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. Sunday.


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Waltham-based band Classic Groove is playing the Concerts on the Common series on Tuesday, July 22, as well as another area show coming up.
The show on the Waltham Common runs from 7 to 8:30 p.m. The rain date is July 24. The band also performs on the Natick Common on Monday, July 14, from 7 to 9 p.m.
The band plays R&B, soul, blues, Motown, funk, rock & roll, country and smooth jazz.
For more information, visit www.classicgroove.net.
Location, ST | website.com


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I'm vaguely aware that the usage of furigana is based on the intended target audience. The younger or less likely literate the target audience the more furigana are employed. But is there a system to decide which words receive furigana and which don't? In intermediate novels I find it not unusual to find furigana on words that were printed without just a few pages earlier. Is this done because somebody decided that that word/reading is less likely to be known in that context, or is it pretty "tekitō"?
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I can't answer on the particular case of a word that would receive furigana after not receiving it earlier (the opposite, however, is naturally quite common): assuming the words are rigorously identical and identically read both times, this sounds more like an oversight than anything.
As for the general rules of adding furigana, they are pretty straightforward, depending on what kanji level can be expected from the reader.
One should probably separate:
It must be said that the strictness in kanji requirement (compensated by the use of furigana) has dramatically decreased over the past 30-40 years: to convince yourself, just compare a copy of any 70s-era manga (e.g. Tezuka Osamu's Black Jack) with modern day mangas targeting the same demographic ("shounen" - young adult): the latter have furigana all over (anything beyond Jr High School level, essentially), while the former barely bothers putting furigana on even the most obscure proper noun kanji (let alone anywhere else).
Edit: there's been much debate in the answer below, regarding the existence of clearly-defined official guidelines (as opposed to obscure in-house rules). At least for newspapers, I stand my ground and reiterate: Jouyou kanji is the officially agreed base set of kanji to be used in Japanese publications, with some modifications clearly defined and agreed upon by the association of Japanese newspaper editors (source: Wikipedia Jp). One could argue that there is yet another small decision-making step from "kanji that people aren't expected to know" to "kanji that need to be furiganised", but frankly, I'm not going there.
Short answer:
Longer answer:
The thing that makes this a difficult question to answer with authority is that no one can provide evidence of something not existing. I can't prove a negative, so if someone can find any evidence of a system (with universal application, not just someone's in-house policies), then please do so.
Otherwise, until then, I am just about 100% sure that there is absolutely no system at all. It's entirely done, as you suggest in your question, based on the creator's (including all production levels of authors, editors, publishers, etc...) assessment of whether or not the reader can read the kanji.
Further, not only is there no system or agreed standards for when furigana should be employed, there is equally no system for when words that have kanji are written entirely in hiragana.
I am currently reading the adventures of Tintin in Japanese, and they make all sorts of seemingly random (to my non-native language level) choices about which words have furigana, which words are offered in hiragana, which words are never given furigana, and which words are given furigana once but not again. The people who translated it went case by case for each sentence assessing the reader's ability to read what was offered.
And that's pretty much how it's always done. The only "system" you might find would be within some publisher or company and applied to all their own materials, but that would be just as arbitrarily decided as any other publisher's choices.


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[I edited the question according to Mark's and Grisha's answers.]
Consider two point-like particles of equal mass colliding centrally in 2D. The final directions of the momenta of the two particles are not determined by conservation of energy and momentum: they can go anywhere.
Under which circumstances the direction of the two particles is determined?


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Costume Express Blog
Dressing your imagination!RSS 2.0
The 2012 Costume Photo Contest is Here!
Now's your chance to show off your little ones (or the whole family) in their Halloween costumes! CostumeExpress.com is having a Photo Contest on our Facebook Page! Get the details here: http://shout.lt/cWcF (View it on your mobile device here: http://shout.lt/cuxA)
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I want the full image of that, and on a poster
Essentially, the bulk of the story is given right at the beginning of the game, and explains the story of the previous 2 Metroid games (which didn't really have any in-game story).
On the planet Zebes, space pirates were breeding a creature to attack galactic civilization. This creature was known as a Metroid. Samus was sent in to stop them, and succeeded in killing all the metroids as well as the leader of the Space Pirates: the Mother Brain.
In a later mission, Samus was sent to the home planet of the Metroids, SR388, to destroy the last remnants of them. After killing all of them, she finds a metroid larva. The baby metroid hatches, and thinks of Samus as it's mother.
Samus delivers the last metroid to a research station known as Ceres. It is here they find out that the powers of the metroid can be harnessed for good use.
Samus leaves the station, and soon after recieves a distress call that the Ceres station is under attack.
The game starts here.
Once on Ceres, you go thru to find that the tank holding the metroid is broken and empty, a few dead bodies scattered near it. With further exploration you find a capsule containing the metroid, but a large flying beast flys off with it after a fight. Ceres self destructs, and Samus pilots her ship off after the creature, which leads her to the space pirate colony, Zebes.
There is no more dialogue for the rest of the game, any story you are given is only from the events that occur in the game. This makes the experience really immersive, as you aren't force-fed as to what you need to do next, or where to go. You're free to explore and find out what needs to be done yourself, alone the entire game.
Something later Metroid games fail at, always telling you where you HAVE to go next.
The gameplay is where the game really shines.
The game is a sidescrolling shooter. But it is nowhere near as simple as just going from one side of the screen to the other to clear a level. You are in a massive world, there are no "levels," everything is split up into different zones. Killing a boss doesn't even count as clearing an zone, one zone you can't even explore until you've killed the nearby boss. You will backtrack often, but it will always be to find something new. And as you progress certain areas become a breeze to run through.
More areas open up as you find more items. The Morph Ball, which allows you to curl up into a ball and roll thru small holes, or the Space Jump, allowing you to jump an infinite amount of times into the air. As you play it's good to remember where items like these can be used, so you can go back and find even more secrets. When you get a new item, the game tells you how to use it, and gives a nearby puzzle to solve with the use of the acquired item. More advanced techniques will not be taught to you, and you'll have to figure them out on your own, such as shinesparking or the crystal flash. Knowledge of more advanced techniques will help you find more upgrades, but having 100% items isn't necessary for beating the game.
Samus finds a new toy
You feel like such a badass every time you get a new item or weapon. As you continue through the game, you will find upgrades to your beam gun, which can all be stacked, making it stronger every time you get an upgrade. It's good to note that your beam gun has infinite ammo, even when you upgrade it. The ice beam freezes enemies, allowing you to stand on them, and the wave beam shoots thru walls and other objects. Other weapons are available as well, such as missiles, or the power bomb (it's so fun to explode everything on the screen.) Certain enemies are easier to kill with certain weapons, or possibly may only be killed with one weapon.
There is a massive variety of enemies in this game. Several are just stronger, reskinned versions of other enemies, but that still doesn't take away from just how many different ones you'll find. Some enemies are easily predictable, with a patter, making them easy to kill or avoid. Other enemies are very offensive, and take strategy to kill without taking too much damage. In one room, there are very tiny platforms to jump across to the other side, several enemies are flying at you all at once to knock you off. Underneath the platforms and on the cielings is an enemy that will hold you in for a while and damage you, meaning you have to jump very carefully, while killing the flying enemies before they get to you. Every room has a different combination of enemies, with different strategies to either kill them or run past them.
Each zone in the game has a main boss, but there are SEVERAL mini bosses in this game. One boss, a giant wrecking ball shaped plant, has you constantly dodging around the room. You can only damage it when it opens up, but while it's closed it swings around the cramped room, droppping deadly spores on you. So you have to dodge the plant AND the spores, and quickly shoot it when it opens up. Every boss has somewhat of a damage meter. They get darker in color the closer they are to dying, but they get a lot faster as you do more damage, making them progressively harder to kill. It get's really intense when you're dodging stuff frantically, trying to damage the boss even more.
Phantoon. In my opinion the hardest boss in the game
Everything in this game is beautifully designed. Nothing is bland, and all the enemies and such look like they do in concept art, an amazing feat for an SNES game. All the rooms look different, with maybe one or two similarities in nearby rooms. This makes every area memorable, the heavy plant growth in Brinstar, or the massive water caverns of Maridia. Later games in the series have a slightly more cartoonish feel to the graphics. Super Metroid has a gritty, realistic look to it. As realistic as you can get space aliens to look on an SNES anyways. As I said earlier, you feel like a badass when you get new weapons and such. This isn't only because they make you stronger, but the visual effect of using them makes it feel AND look badass.
The sounds in this game make it even more immersive than it already is. Each area has different music, which always fits the area it's playing. The songs are brief and loop whil you're in the room, but definitely does not get repetitive. I'm whistling one of the tunes I remember while I type this , and it's been a long while since I've played the game. Enemies make such believable sounds in this game as well. You can tell when certain monsters are in pain as you attack them, as well as getting their own attack noises. Firing a missle or charging up your beam is always a satisfying sound too, especially in the middle of combat.
Overall, this game is a must play. It's always on lists of "best games ever" and such, and for very good reason. Some people may be turned off by the fact that the game doesn't tell you where to go, but I think it adds challenge, fun, and massive amounts of depth to this great game.
Score: 10/10
Realized i didn't include a picture of a metroid >.<
Edited by The Colonel, 06 August 2009 - 10:26 PM.


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PLYMOUTH - Plymouth native and recent Notre Dame Academy-Hingham graduate Isabella O'Connor has been selected for the 2014 Under Armour All-America Lacrosse Team – the sport's highest honor for high school athletics.
The nation's top boys and girls high school seniors will play in the ninth annual Under Armour All-America Lacrosse Classic in July at Towson University in Towson, Maryland. Under Armour All-Americans are selected by a panel of lacrosse experts from Inside Lacrosse Magazine. The year-long selection process includes input from college and high school coaches from across the country as well as nominations from the public.
"Isabella has become one of the state's top attacking threats because of her explosive footwork and ability to score goals," NDA Girls Lacrosse Head Coach Meredith Frank said. "Every year Isabella has continued to challenge herself and her teammates, creating a strong foundation for a successful lacrosse program at Notre Dame. But even more than the statistics she records or accolades that she receives, Isabella is a motivator and a leader by example. She has a strong work ethic, a competitive spirit, and compassion for her teammates."
O'Connor will play Division I lacrosse at the University of Florida this fall.
Location, ST | website.com


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James Tener asks at the 20-questions seminar:
The exponential map
exp:B(H)->B(H) is just defined by its Taylor series. Can you describe its image?
James Tener asks at the 20-questions seminar:
The exponential map
The commenters on the wiki http://scratchpad.wikia.com/wiki/091006qa are very knowledgeable; I'm just expanding on Anonymous's answer.
The exponential map is not surjective. If you look at Halmos's paper http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=53391 (link requires academic access) you will see a wide variety of invertible maps that are not exponentials. Here is the simplest example. Take 0 < u < v and let D be the annulus u < |z| < v in the complex plane. Our Hilbert space will be the space of analytic functions f on D such that \integral |f(z)|^2 is finite. The operator is multiplication by z.
To sketch Halmos' argument, H is complete because the property of being harmonic can be stated as a condition on integrals and thus passes through an L^2 limit. The logarithm of multiplication by z wants to be multiplication by \log z, but we can't define \log z on D without introducing a branch cut. Of course, D doesn't have to be this exact shape, any open region of the complex plane which has a function without a logarithm would work.
I am now reading through http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=870760 . This seems to be extremely relevant, and has many interesting references, but is tough going for me. Perhaps an analyst would like to take a crack at it?
The exponential map is surjective on ${\rm GL}_2({\bf C})$ — look at Jordan normal form. Also, $\begin{pmatrix} -1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{pmatrix}$ is in $\exp({\rm SL}_2)$, as it is the exponential of $\begin{pmatrix} 0 & \pi \\ -\pi & 0 \end{pmatrix}.$ However, $\begin{pmatrix} -1 & 1 \\ 0 & -1 \end{pmatrix}$ is not in $\exp({\rm SL}_2({\bf C}))$.
Next, some information on the original question.
I was going to post this as a comment to David Speyer's Oct 12 13:23 post but it became too long.
I only read the abstract of the paper linked to in that answer so far. It says that they characterize the interior of the image as follows: an invertible operator A is in the interior of the image of the exponential map if and only if 0 is in the unbounded component of the complement of the spectrum of A. (The latter property is equivalent to the existence of an analytic logarithm with domain containing the spectrum of A.) A consequence of this characterization of the interior is the following class of operators contained in the image and in the boundary of the image: every normal operator N with 0 in a bounded component of the complement of the spectrum of N. That is, every normal invertible operator is in the image (take a Borel logarithm on the spectrum and apply "functional calculus" for normal operators), but many of them are also in the boundary of the image, including every unitary operator whose spectrum is the entire circle (e.g. a bilateral shift). I don't know why, but I was surprised to learn that the image isn't open.


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Wakeboard Camp coach extraordinaire, Bob Sichel, has been hard at work this year. Not only has he taught many people new spins, flips, and grabs at the camp, he's also been riding hard!
The proof of his hard work is in the video below. Watch as Bob rides on our Florida lakes as well as the cool cable waterways of California. Nice work Bob!


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Attachment 381Hi,
cause there have been questions on other forums, I have taken some pics to try to set some things more clear.
My rails are Pre-production ones. Compare the red numbers with the NN User Guide.
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A while ago I stumbled upon a low-level adventure in which a band of goblins has a giant mechanical turtle and terrorizes/scares the locals with it. I think it must have been a D&D/Pathfinder 3.X book, but my google-Fu is too weak to find it.
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I seem to recall a similar adventure in Dungeon Magazine, where the goblin were using the shell of a Dragon Turtle to cause trouble. I believe this would have been from around the time Paizo Publishing took over the magazine, so it could be late 3.0/early 3.5.
It is possible that you are remembering Goblins' Return and Heart of the Enemy, SJS1 and SJQ1, respectively, from Spelljammer. I can't be certain, as I only recall these modules on the shelf of the FLGS I managed in the late 80s (1987-89,1990).
In Spelljammer, the DragonTurtle Ship, or Turtle Ship, is a "gammraoid" that fits the description. The two adventures, for 7th-11th level characters (not quite "low level" but not paragon or epic either), explore goblinkin's return from a banishment (after the Unhuman War).
I cannot think of another tie-in, à la Earthshaker! for D&D (module CM4, BECMI), where a mechanical foe of anthropomorphic design is run by Goblins.


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My plan right now is to get my body into labor well before any kind of intervention becomes necessary. I plan on getting some prenatal massages complete with all kinds of labor inducing accupressure. And believe me, I will be getting those puppies daily if I go over my due date. I know, I know. They're expensive. But I cannot put a price on not being induced.
And if I do get to the point where I'd have to be induced? Well, then I'm willing to cave on this one and get an epidural. Getting a needle stuck in back and not feeling like an active part of delivering my baby (that's just my opinion) is only slightly less appealing than having hideous Pitocin injected into my body.
And now, just for fun, a grainy belly shot.


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Chevron agreed to pay nearly $2 million in fines and restitution stemming from the August 2012 fire at its refinery in Richmond, California, which sent hundreds of nearby residents to emergency rooms with breathing problems. The company pled no contest with a state court.
By BEN LEFEBVRE
Chevron agreed to pay nearly $2 million in fines and
restitution stemming from the August 2012 fire at its refinery
in Richmond, California, which sent hundreds of nearby
residents to emergency rooms with breathing problems.
Chevron's no contest plea agreement comes after the Contra
Costa District Attorney's Office and the California Department
of Justice charged the company with six criminal violations of
the state's labor and health and safety codes.
The fire occurred after a corroded pipe burst in the 245,000
bpd refinery's crude distillation unit, a major piece of
equipment that heats oil to extreme temperatures before sending
it to other machines for processing. The resulting fire emitted
black smoke over the San Francisco Bay that could be seen for
The fire had already hit Chevron's bottom line, as repair
work forced the company to run the refinery at reduced rates for the
better part of the year. The suspension of operations at the
refinery, the largest in the San Francisco area that accounts
for 10% of the fuel refining capacity on the West Coast,
also raised gasoline prices in the region.
California's state Occupational Safety and Health division
also fined Chevron $1 million in January, a citation Chevron is
appealing. The blaze increased community opposition to the refinery; last weekend, police
arrested hundreds of people who had gathered at the site to
protest the one year anniversary of the fire.
In all, Chevron will pay nearly $1.3 million in fines and
penalties, $575,000 to local government agencies for costs
related to the fire response and $145,000 into a fund for
training skilled workers in the construction and renewable energy
industries, the district attorney's office said.
Chevron will also be on probation for three and a half
years, during which the company must inspect every piece of
pipe identified as being susceptible to certain types of
corrosion, the District Attorney's office said.
Chevron said it reimbursed residents and local government
agencies in Richmond and west Contra Costa County for medical
and response costs. "We are committed to continuous improvement
in process safety and reliability at the refinery,"
Chevron spokeswoman Melissa Ritchie said. Chevron said in a
statement that it is also installing what it described as a
"multi million dollar" air monitoring system at the refinery.
Dow Jones Newswires
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Hirak Dutta
Had that portion of the pipeline changed at appropriate time suffering of people and hefty penalty could have been easily avoided. It may be mentioned that perhaps Inspection team had recommended replacement of the corroded line during turn around. Under the insulation corrosion and its danger is well illustrated in the above case. Good learning for all of us although bit costly.
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