text:
Judge Karlin
09-41059 Wilkinson (Doc. # 55)
- Details
- Category: Judge Karlin
- Published: 13 March 2010
- Written by Judge Karlin
In Re Wilkinson, 09-41059 (Bankr. D. Kan. Mar. 5, 2010) Doc. # 55
Click here for the pdf document.
SIGNED this 05 day of March, 2010.
In re: )
JOHN EDWARD WILKINSON, JR. and ) Case No. 09-41059
Debtors. )
This matter is before the Court on the Trustee's Objection to Debtor's Exemptions.1 The
Trustee has objected to Debtors' attempt to claim a skid loader with trailer, personal tools, and red
iron for a metal building as exempt under the Kansas tools of the trade exemption found at K.S.A.
60-2304(e). Debtors contend that the property is used in Mr. Wilkinson's occupation as a stone
1Doc. 9.
Case 09-41059 Doc# 55 Filed 03/05/10 Page 1 of 11
crusher, and therefore the exemption is proper. The parties have submitted stipulations of fact2 and
have fully briefed this issue.
This is a core matter over which this Court has jurisdiction.3
The Court makes the following findings of fact based upon the stipulations of the parties,
which the Court adopts. Debtors filed their petition under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code on June
29, 2009. In connection with the filing of the petition, Debtors filed their Statement of Financial
Affairs ("SOFA") and bankruptcy schedules, all of which were signed under penalty of perjury.
Debtors indicated on Schedule C that they were exempting a skid loader with trailer valued at
$5,000, personal tools valued at $700, and red iron for a metal building valued at $1,500, all pursuant
to K.S.A. 60-2304(e), which is the Kansas tools of the trade exemption.
Debtors contend that Mr. Wilkinson has performed work as a stone-crusher for
approximately five years. Approximately three years ago, he started working for Mid-States
Materials, LLC ("Mid-States"). Mid-States is a private company engaged in the stone-
crushing/breaking and broken stone mining business.
Mr. Wilkinson is a foreman at Mid-States. In this occupation, he uses his stone-crushing
knowledge and skills to oversee and supervise new workers. He also engages in the stone-crushing
work using the company's equipment and his own tools. In the winter, when Mr. Wilkinson is not
working for Mid-States, he claims to operate a side stone-crushing business and uses the skid loader,
2Docs. 37 and 40 contain the stipulation and amended stipulation, Doc. 44 contains additional exhibits Debtors
added after the amended stipulation was filed, to which the Trustee has now stipulated, and Doc. 48 contains three
exhibits that were intended to be a part of the amended stipulation (Exhibits A, B, and C). Both counsel have agreed
to rely solely on these stipulations/exhibits, and that there is no need for an evidentiary hearing.
328 U.S.C. § 1334 and 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2)(B) (core proceeding).
Case 09-41059 Doc# 55 Filed 03/05/10 Page 2 of 11
trailer, red iron and tools for that purpose. Debtors indicate that the income earned from the side
business is used to support the family during the winter months.
The Trustee disputes that the skid loader and red iron are regularly used as tools of the trade
by Debtor in his primary job or occupation. In support, the Trustee relies upon Debtors' own
sworn—and consistent— statements contained in their tax returns and in their bankruptcy schedules
and SOFA. On their SOFA, Debtors indicated that Mr. Wilkinson's gross income "from
employment, trade, profession or from operation of the debtor's business, including part-time
activities either as an employee or in independent trade or business" for the years 2007 and 2008 was
$43,850.00 and $46,538.00, respectively. A review of Mr. Wilkinson's W-2s for those tax years
from Mid-States reflect the exact numbers; all the reported income was earned from his employment
at Mid-States.
Debtors reported their total income from employment or operation of any business was
$72,585 in 2007 and $78,071 in 2008.4 The W-2s for those tax years attributable to Mrs.
Wilkinson's employment exactly make up the difference between the total reported wages and Mr.
Wilkinson's wages from Mid-States. In other words, Debtors reported no income from the stone-
crushing, or any other, side business, to the IRS when they filed their 2007 and 2008 returns.
Similarly, they claimed no self-employment income on their SOFA.
In section 18 of their SOFA, Debtors did indicate that they previously operated a business
known as 4-J Construction. But they indicated, again, under penalty of perjury, that this business
ceased operation in October 2004. Debtors also filed Schedule I, and that schedule also fails to show
any income from the operation of any side business. Finally, in completing Form 22A, the "means
4Mr. Wilkinson also reported $772.00 in unemployment compensation in 2007.
Case 09-41059 Doc# 55 Filed 03/05/10 Page 3 of 11
test" form, Debtors affirmatively disclosed in Section 4 that they had $0.00 in "gross receipts" from
the operation of a business, profession or farm. The only income included in Form 22A for Mr.
Wilkinson, which requires debtors to reflect the average income from the six months preceding the
date of filing, is the $3,272.58 Debtors indicate he earned from Mid-States. The six month period
prior to the filing date would include at least the period December 29-February 28, which this Court
believes constitute a majority of the "winter months" typical in Kansas.
Finally, Debtors were able to produce three receipts to show Mr. Wilkinson used the skid
loader in a side business once in 2005, once in 2006, and once in 2007 (in February). Debtors
produced no other receipts to show that they similarly used it any time after Mr. Wilkinson became
employed at Mid-States, which was three years prior to the filing of the petition.
Additional facts will be discussed below, when necessary.
Section 522(b) of the Bankruptcy Code5 specifies that a debtor can take the exemptions
enumerated in § 522(d) unless applicable state law specifically provides otherwise. Kansas has
opted out of the federal exemptions, and has enacted its own set of exemptions.6 "When determining
the validity of a claimed state law exemption, bankruptcy courts look to the applicable state law."7
Under Kansas exemptions laws, Debtors can exempt
The books, documents, furniture, instruments, tools, implements and equipment, the
breeding stock, seed grain or growing plants stock, or the other tangible means of
5This bankruptcy was filed after October 17, 2005, when most provisions of the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention
and ConsumerProtectionActof2005 becameeffective. All future statutory referencesarethusto the Bankruptcy Abuse
Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1532 (2005), unless otherwise specifically noted.
6 See In re Lampe, 331 F.3d 750, 754 (10th Cir. 2003) (citing K.S.A. 60-2312).
7In re Urban, 262 B.R. 865, 866 (Bankr. D. Kan. 2001).
Case 09-41059 Doc# 55 Filed 03/05/10 Page 4 of 11
production regularly and reasonably necessary in carrying on the person's profession,
trade, business or occupation in an aggregate value not to exceed $7,500.8
Numerous Kansas appellate decisions have addressed the requirements of the Kansas tools of the
trade exemption as it relates to primary and secondary occupations.
The seminal case on this issue is Jenkins v. McNall. 9 In Jenkins, the Kansas Supreme Court
set forth the following interpretation of the Kansas tools of the trade exemption: "If [a debtor] has
two separate pursuits, the exempted articles must belong to his main or principal business. In other
words, to the business in which he is primarily engaged."10 The holding of Jenkins has been
recognized by the Tenth Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel in In re Lampe,11 where it held "[i]n
Kansas, the tools of the trade exemption applies only to the business or profession in which the
debtor is 'principally engaged.'"12
A debtor's right to an exemption is determined as of the date the bankruptcy petition is filed.13
"In determining whether a debtor is entitled to claim an exemption, 'the exemption laws are to be
8K.S.A. § 60-2304(e).
927 Kan. 532 (1882).
10Id. at 534.
11278 B.R. 205 (10th Cir. B.A.P. 2002).
12Id. at 210 (citing Seel v. Wittman, 173 B.R. 734, 736 (D. Kan. 1994), In re Zink, 177 B.R. 713, 715 (Bankr.
D. Kan. 1995), and In re Massoni, 67 B.R. 195, 196-97 (Bankr. D. Kan. 1986)).
13 In re Ginther, 282 B.R. 16, 19 (Bankr. D. Kan. 2002) (citing In re Currie, 34 B.R. 745, 748 (D. Kan. 1983)).
Case 09-41059 Doc# 55 Filed 03/05/10 Page 5 of 11
construed liberally in favor of exemption.'"14 "Once a debtor claims an exemption, the objecting
party bears the burden of proving the exemption is not properly claimed."15
The Trustee raises two objections to Debtors' claimed exemptions. First, the Trustee claims
that the skid loader with trailer or the red iron were not "regularly and reasonably" necessary for
Debtor's business or profession. Second, the Trustee claims that because Mr. Wilkinson's primary
job is with Mid-States, he cannot claim the tools of the trade exemption for property used in his side
The Court finds the skid loader with trailer and red iron do not qualify as tools
of the trade under the facts of this case.
The Court finds the Trustee has shown that the Debtors' use of the skid loader with trailer
and the red iron were not "regularly and reasonably" necessary for their business or profession on
the date they filed their bankruptcy petition.16 At issue here is the conflict between Debtors' position
in this contested matter, where they claim that the skid loader with trailer and red iron are regularly
used by Mr. Wilkinson in the winter months to operate a side business to support their family, and
the statements made under penalty of perjury both to the Internal Revenue Service and to this Court
on their tax returns and bankruptcy schedules, respectively. In both filings, they claim that 100%
of Mr. Wilkinson's income since at least 2007 was derived from wages from Mid-States and a small
amount of unemployment compensation.
In re Lampe, 331 F.3d 750, 754 (10 Cir. 2003) (quoting In re Ginther, 282 B.R. 16, 19 (Bankr. D. Kan.
15Id. See also Fed. R. Bankr. Proc. 4003; In re Robinson, 295 B.R. 147, 152 (10th Cir. BAP 2003).
16The Trustee originally objected to Debtors' attempt to exempt Mr. Wilkinson's personal tools. However,
because Debtors' have stated that those tools are used by Mr. Wilkinson at his job with Mid-States, the Trustee has
agreed to withdraw her objection as to those personal tools.
Case 09-41059 Doc# 55 Filed 03/05/10 Page 6 of 11
The Debtors attempt to explain this discrepancy by indicating that they used their 2007 and
2008 tax returns to prepare the SOFA and bankruptcy schedules, and that those returns contained
no income from the side business because an accountant advised them that they did not make enough
money from that business to report it on their tax returns.17 Debtors admit that they may need to file
amended tax returns to correct the income they reported to the IRS, but that this Court need not
concern itself with that issue—that it is an issue solely between them and the Internal Revenue
Service. The Court disagrees.
The Court finds that Debtors' prior sworn statements, both in connection with the filing of
their tax returns and their bankruptcy statements, operate to effectively bar Debtors from claiming
that they regularly operate a side business at the relevant time. According to the Internal Revenue
Code,18 all persons who have net income in excess of $400 from self-employment are required to file
tax returns reporting that income to the IRS. Therefore, even if the Court could consider the
argument that a third party told them not to declare the income, Debtors' failure to report any self-
employment income in 2007 and 2008 can only mean that they either earned less than $400 annually
from that business or that they failed to report all of their income to the IRS.
In addition, Debtors clearly and consistently stated on their bankruptcy schedules, including
their SOFA, Schedule I and Form 22A, that they received zero income from this side business.
Schedule J further indicates no business expenses for the side business, either. Debtors' explanation
that the income was not reported on Schedule I because they were not engaged in the side business
17As a preliminary matter, there is nothing in the stipulations to support this argument, and without a stipulation,
the Court must disregard this "fact." It is inadmissible hearsay to which the parties did not stipulate, and Debtors
expressly waived the opportunity to present evidence outside the stipulations.
Case 09-41059 Doc# 55 Filed 03/05/10 Page 7 of 11
at the actual time of filing (due to the fact that Mr. Wilkinson was working for Mid-States on the
date of filing) is certainly plausible, and in the absence of other inconsistent statements, acceptable.
However, that does not explain Debtors' failure to disclose the additional income on their SOFA,
which requires the disclosure of the gross amount of all income from employment or operation of
a business during the two years prior to filing.
In addition, if this side business is used regularly through the winter months, as Debtors
claim, it seems likely Debtors would have realized at least some income during the six-month look
back period required under the means test. Because this bankruptcy was filed at the end of June,
2009, the look back period would have included all of January and February, which are the months
that most fit the description of "winter months" in Kansas.
Although Debtors now claim, when it is financially beneficial to do so, that the skid loader
and steel are regularly used in a side business that generates income for them during the winter
months, they have consistently stated, under oath, when it was financially beneficial to them to not
disclose the business income, that they the received no money from any side business from at least
February 2007 forward. Debtors cannot have it both ways.
They cannot claim that they rely on this property to generate income for their family that is
needed in the winter months, while previously stating under oath that no such income existed. The
Debtors have clearly taken inconsistent positions regarding this side business based upon what is
most beneficial to them at the moment. By doing so, the Court finds they are now judicially
estopped from advancing their current argument that the property is regularly used to generate
Case 09-41059 Doc# 55 Filed 03/05/10 Page 8 of 11
income the family relies upon during the winter.19 Based upon the prior statements made under
penalty of perjury by these Debtors on their tax returns and bankruptcy schedules, the Court finds
they are barred from claiming that the skid loader with trailer and red iron were regularly used in Mr.
Wilkinson's profession or occupation at the time they filed their bankruptcy petition.20
The Court does not need to decide whether the property, if regularly used in a
side business, would have qualified as exempt under K.S.A. 60-2304(e).
The second issue raised by the Trustee deals with the issue of whether the skid loader and
red steel qualify as exempt under the Kansas tools of the trad exemption because it was used in a side
business rather than Debtors' primary employment. The Court addressed this issue, underpotentially
distinguishing facts, in In re Cooper.21 In Cooper, the debtor was primarily employed as a car
salesman and was seeking to exempt a fishing boat and motor that he intended to use as a fishing
guide in the future. Among other holdings, the Court held:
The Kansas Supreme Court's interpretation of the tools of the trade exemption, as
discussed in Jenkins, requires property to be used in debtor's primary job or
occupation before it qualifies under K.S.A. § 60-2304(e). The Supreme Court of
Kansas has held that tools of the trade used in a secondary occupation are not exempt
under Kansas law, and this Court therefore defers to that interpretation.22
Because the debtor's primary occupation was that of a car salesman, the property used (or to be used)
in his job as a fishing guide were not exempt.
19See Eastman v. Union Pacfic R. Co., 493 F.3d 1151 (10th Cir. 2007) (applying the principle of judicial
estoppel to debtors who had taken inconsistent positions in legal proceedings to bar them from advancing a claim). And
Debtors' failure to provide any more recent receipts showing the use of the property after February 2007, when they were
able to produce older receipts for the time prior to Mr. Wilkinson's full-time employment with Mid_States, further
corroborates this point.
20The Court also notes that the inconsistent position taken by Debtors could lead to a plethora of other issues
for Debtors, most of which would come with much more severe consequences than simply losing an exemption.
21324 B.R. 133 (Bankr. D. Kan. 2004).
22Id at 137.
Case 09-41059 Doc# 55 Filed 03/05/10 Page 9 of 11
Debtors contend that the facts of this case differ from those in Cooper on one critical point.
Debtor's primary occupation is that of a stone-crusher, and both his primary job and side job fall
under that same occupation, which was not the case in Cooper. According to Debtors, the property
clearly falls within the language of K.S.A. 60-2304(e). The Trustee responds by claiming that
because the skid loader and red iron are used as a part of Mr. Wilkinson's primary employment at
Mid-States, he should not be allowed to exempt the property that is used in his side job.
The Court finds that the facts of this case do distinguish it from Cooper. In this case, had Mr.
Wilkinson's side business been anything other than the same type of work that he performs at his
primary employment, then the Court's holding in Cooper would clearly have applied. In other
words, if Mr. Wilkinson worked as a stone-crusher at Mid-States as his primary occupation, and then
worked as an automobile mechanic on the side, the tools used in that side job would not be exempt
under Jenkins. Although it seems fundamentally unfair to hold that a person whose side job is the
same as their primary job can exempt the tools used in that side job, while also holding that a person
whose side job differs from their primary job cannot exempt his or her tools used in the side job, that
may be what is required by the Kansas tools of the trade exemption.
The parties have not cited any case by the Kansas appellate courts, or other courts interpreting
Kansas law, that have taken the position articulated by Debtors in this case. Because the Court has
already found that the propertyin question does not qualify for the tools of the trade exemption based
upon the fact that it is not regularly used by Mr. Wilkinson (as shown on his tax returns and
bankruptcy schedules), the Court does not need to decide this issue at this time. The Court declines
to issue what would constitute an advisory opinion on this important area of Kansas law.
Case 09-41059 Doc# 55 Filed 03/05/10 Page 10 of 11
For the reasons set forth above, the Court finds that the Trustee's objection to Debtors'
claimed exemption under K.S.A. 60-2304(e) should be sustained as it relates to the skid loader with
trailer and the red iron. Debtors consistently reported on their tax returns and their bankruptcy
schedules (under penaltyof perjury) that Mr. Wilkinson does not earn any extra money from this side
business, and they are estopped from taking a different position now when the contrary position
would benefit them. Because the property is not regularly used in Mr. Wilkinson's occupation, it
does not qualify under K.S.A. 60-2304(e) and cannot be claimed as exempt. The Trustee has elected
to not contest Mr. Wilkinson's exemption of the personal tools, and her objection will be overruled
as to those tools.
IT IS, THEREFORE, BY THE COURT ORDERED that the Trustee's Objection to
Debtor's Exemptions23 is sustained as it relates to the skid loader with trailer and red iron identified
in Debtors' schedules. The objection is overruled as it relates to Mr. Wilkinson's personal tools, and
those are found to be exempt pursuant to K.S.A. 60-2304(e).
23Doc. 9.
Case 09-41059 Doc# 55 Filed 03/05/10 Page 11 of 11


text:
It there some notion of ribbon 2-category, which would allow for, say, talking about the Seifert surface of links (which is a 1-morphism in some ribbon category) as a 2-morphism in the category?
Thank you! (I'm sorry this question is so vague.)
It there some notion of ribbon 2-category, which would allow for, say, talking about the Seifert surface of links (which is a 1-morphism in some ribbon category) as a 2-morphism in the category?
Thank you! (I'm sorry this question is so vague.)
A ribbon 1-category is a 3-category which has only one 0-morphism, has only one 1-morphism, and is (strict) "3-pivotal", where "$n$-pivotal" is the property that would be called "pivotal" if $n=2$. (I don't know if there is a standard term for this. Candidates are "n-pivotal", "has strong duality", "disk-like", "is an $[S]O(n)$ homotopy fixed point of ...".)
So one can analogously define a ribbon 2-category to be a 4-pivotal 4-category with only one 0-morphism and one 1-morphism. I think everyone would agree with some version of this statement.
The above begs the question of how best to define an $n$-pivotal $n$-category. (Again, this is not standard terminology, and so far as I know no standard term for this notion has been established.) I'm aware of three approaches.
(1) Imitate the approach traditionally used for $n\le 3$; i.e. explicitly write out all the coherence diagrams. As $n$ grows large (e.g. $n\ge 4$), this quickly becomes unwieldy.
(2) Jacob Lurie's approach. First define $n$-categories with a weaker notion of duality. This weak duality allows one to define a homotopy $O(n)$ action. Now define an $n$-pivotal $n$-category to be a homotopy fixed point of this action. This is the approach described in André's answer. (I'm not an expert on this approach, so please let me know if I've misdescribed it.)
(3) "Disk-like" $n$-category approach (Section 6 of this paper). Define an $n$-category to be collection of functors on $k$-balls and homeomorphisms, for $k\le n$. The pivotal structure comes from the actions of Homeo($B^k$).
The advantage of approach #3 is that it is easy to verify for examples which are topological in origin (like bordism $n$-categories, $n$-categories built out of mapping spaces, $n$-categories built out of embedded cell complexes, mod relations). The disadvantage is that it doesn't specify any generators or relations. If you have some algebraic or combinatorial gadgets (like representations of a quantum group) and you are wondering whether they generate an $n$-pivotal $n$-category, you would like a (finite) list of relations to check. Approach #3 does not give you this, but approach #2 (or #1, if it exists) does. More specifically, if you write down in detail just what "$O(n)$ homotopy fixed point" means, you will end up with a finite list of generators and relations. (That's in theory; I haven't seen it carried out in practice.)
Quibbles with and corrections to the above are welcome.
Here's a cryptic answer.
By work of Lurie, there's an $O(n+1)$ action on the collection of all $n$-categories with duals.
A ribbon 2-category is 4-category with one object and one 1-morphism, that is equipped with the extra structure of an $SO(4)$-homotopy fixed point.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Airport facilities
Money and communications:
Wi-Fi access is available in the airport's main terminal building. There are ATMs and phones in the mp2 terminal, but no Internet access.
Eating and drinking:
There are cafés/restaurants in the public areas of the main terminals and in the boarding lounges.
There is a duty-free shop and a newsstand in the two main terminals. There is also a shop selling local produce.
Left-luggage facilities are available in Hall 1. Enquire at Bagages du Monde, open Monday to Friday only (tel: (04) 4214 3175). Trolleys can be found throughout the airport, and porters are available on request. For lost and found items, contact PCPA on the ground floor of Hall 3 (tel: (04) 4214 2410).
Other facilities:
There is a baby changing facility by the boarding lounge.


text:
Well, as I'm typing this one of my hard disks is going down.
RAPIDLY. The data is disapearing it seems from windows explorer.
I have backups of some this data and its non-critical that I save it all, but I'd like to save as much of it as I can.
What should I do now?
Folders are just.. disappearing from Windows explorer. I'm able to copy files, but its moving really slowly. my copy operations are going really slowly.
Should I turn off the machine and disconnect the disk? should I keep doing what i'm doing trying to rescue the most important files before their folders disappear too?
Should I shut down and make sure the disk cools off then run chkdsk?
What is happening here and why are my folders going away?


text:
Welcome from the Chair
Welcome to the Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapeutics at Saint Louis University! We have three Bachelor of Science degree programs: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Nuclear Medicine Technology and Radiation Therapy. We are also pleased to announce the new Master of Science in Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics degree. I encourage you to explore our website to learn more about these exciting professions.
Each program has several curricula designed to meet the needs of incoming freshmen, transfer students, and those seeking a second degree. Each curriculum has been created to maximize your development as a professional and assist you with accomplishing your educational goals and objectives.
At Saint Louis University, we are dedicated to developing health care professionals who contribute to the career fields and establish the highest level of care for patients. On behalf of the faculty and staff of Saint Louis University, I thank you for considering our programs for your future educational pursuits.
Please feel free to contact us directly for any additional information.
William L. Hubble M.A., CNMT R.T.(R)(N)(CT), FSNMTS
Department Chair and NMT Program Director


text:
Engine Compartment Detailing Anyone Can DoWritten by Jeff Smith on January 14, 2010 Contributors: Steve Strope Paint it, brush it, buff it, rub on it, and put a little thought into it, and you've got engine compartment detailing anyone can do
If you're a car guy, then the engine compartment may in fact be the center of attention for your car. We've all seen the fully polished and chromed-to-death show cars that have never turned a tire on the street. But just because your machine is street-driven doesn't mean it can't sport the look that will make people stop and take pictures. That's what we were after with this story.
To help us in our quest, we cruised over to Steve Strope's Pure Vision shop in Simi Valley, California, and bugged him until he showed us some of his tricks. Strope is quickly building a reputation as a top-flight car builder and stylist in the musclecar arena. He's a very enthusiastic supporter of the whole car scene, and once he got started showing us stuff, the ideas were flying like a Barry Grant King Sumo fuel pump on 16 volts. Sixteen pages of notes later, this is the best of what we learned.
It's All About Color
Strope's deal is all about use of color. Color is much less expensive than chrome, powdercoating, or even polishing, so he uses it whenever possible. The idea is to maintain the car's theme, or its "presence," into the engine compartment. Often you can paint the engine compartment the same color as the car with excellent results. Chrysler did that in its production cars, but GM chose to use semigloss black. Both cases can be made to work well. In the case of the engine compartment in George Poteet's Charger that Strope just finished, the major color elements were the white of the body along with the red used on the rollbars. Note that Strope chose to paint the hood hinges, windshield-wiper motor, and master cylinder a contrasting silver; he did not want them to disappear by painting them body color. Then he used the brushed-aluminum look to highlight the main areas of the engine, including the vent hose and the dirt-track mud guard on the air cleaner, which gives the entire car a much more aggressive stance and image, as does the spun-aluminum puke tank. As you can see, there are no polished parts and no chrome on this effort. Also check out the treatment on the core support. The open channel is boxed with a plate loaded with cool dimple-punched holes.
The Color Wheel
"Color is inexpensive and has dramatic impact. So why not use it?" Strope emphasizes that with color-palette experimentation must also come restraint. Not all colors work well together. Complementary colors (those on opposite sides of the color wheel you learned about in grade school) are best.
As an example, green and orange sound hideous but look good together if blended properly. A yellow car could use silver in the engine compartment, while an orange engine compartment could run with either a matching orange engine or a contrasting gray. Silvers and grays are neutral colors that fit with any color. If you have a white car, you would want to pick up the color of the interior, such as red or blue, as an engine-compartment detail color. If the white car's interior is black, then you could use an accent-stripe color on the body as a subtle contrast in the engine compartment. There are also colors that don't work well together. Red and green are great if your name is S. Claus, but otherwise it's a disaster. If this is all new to you, pay attention to what current car builders like Chip Foose, Steve Strope, and Troy Trepanier are doing. There are tons of ways to learn from their lead.
Engine Paint
Strope gave us a few hints on how to make the paint last. We've all seen engines that look as if they have some skin disease with the paint peeling in huge sheets. According to Strope, that's all due to prep. "Clean, clean, clean, and clean it again. Hit the block with acetone, carburetor cleaner, and hot soapy water, and do it several times."
In the past, most recommendations involved professional spray guns and some kind of etching primer. But once the block and heads are absolutely clean, Strope takes the low-buck approach and uses Dupli-Color's Engine Primer, which must be applied in several light coats. It's critical to read the directions on the can-Strope says the primer must be followed with a topcoat within an hour or you'll have to wait five days before the color can be applied. The Dupli-Color primer puts a death grip on the surface, allowing the topcoat to adhere and making a semi-permanent bond with the metal.
Plus, Dupli-Color offers tons of factory original colors as well as dozens of alternatives. The Dupli-Color Ford Red is what Strope used to paint George Poteet's Hemi. You might be tempted to use a clear to give the paint a little depth, but you may want to experiment first on something less important; Strope says that some of the clears can yellow after exposure to repeated heat cycles.
Brushing Aluminum
Strope says he learned the brushed-aluminum trick from Scott Sullivan. The technique is simple: Merely use a red Scotch-Brite pad on an aluminum surface to create a simple and interesting look that you don't see too often. Aluminum surfaces respond the best, and Strope says you can also use wet/dry sandpaper starting with 800-grit to get the desired effect. Less aggressive grit gives a smoother surface, while the grittier stuff makes the surface less reflective.
Always make your brushstrokes in the same direction on a long, straight surface like a valve cover, while for an aluminum air-cleaner lid, the best approach would be circular. Stainless steel can also be brush-finished, but because this material is harder than aluminum, it will require a more aggressive medium-and be forewarned that the surface finish will not be exactly the same as that of aluminum.
AN Fittings
Braided line and brightly colored AN fittings are now so commonplace that engine detailers are looking for alternatives. Earl's now offers great-looking nickel-coated AN fittings to use with those trick fabric lines. But what do you do if you have a box full of older, scratched red and blue AN fittings? Strope says there are several ways to get around those colors. He generally uses a soft-bristle wire wheel to remove the color. A stiff-bristle wheel will gouge the aluminum, so tread carefully. You can also use oven cleaner, but it's messy and often requires multiple attempts to remove the color. We're thinking of raiding our show-car buddy's stash of scratched colored AN fittings before he reads this story.
Wired Up
The aftermarket bulges with custom wire looms, and some actually do a decent job without looking cluttered. But Strope likes to take the easy way and make his own. He uses those mega-cheap four-pronged wire holders that come in most spark plug wire sets, but he cuts 'em up to make his own custom two-by-two wire looms. All it takes is a sharp X-Acto blade, a couple of tiny zip ties, and some patience. Follow the simple steps and get your plug wires in line.
|Dupli-Color Products
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It sounds like ad copy, but Strope can get professional results from a can for much less than the cost of shooting with a full-on spray-gun outfit, and clean-up consists of tossing the empty spray can in the trash.Look past the March pulley system and notice instead the aluminum-painted power-steering pump that matches the aluminum finish on the alternator and how that contrasts nicely against the red Pontiac engine. In the case of steel pulleys, Strope suggests painting both the brackets and pulleys black to reduce the cluttered look.Strope took the detail concept all the way to the starter motor, painting it Dupli-Color Aluminum but with black accents-including the starter shim-to give it some depth.One of Strope's pet peeves is pipe plugs that protrude above the manifold. He uses the appropriate pipe tap to lengthen the threads in the manifold. It's best to do this job with the manifold off the engine so you can clean out all the errant metal shavings.Strope applies this pipe thread idea to aluminum, brass, and steel pipe fittings. Shown is the fitting before it's cut down. The aluminum fittings are the easiest to trim off the bottom, but this also requires cutting deeper threads in the manifold.This is a simple throttle-return bracket with springs that can be found in the Mr. Gasket catalog. If it would work better with an aluminum finish, all you have to do is scuff it with Scotch-Brite and paint it.Strope hit just one half of this valve cover for about four minutes, including the top and three sides.The result is difficult to see in the photo, but the total effect is obvious when you look at the Cheap Street Chevelle's engine compartment at the beginning of this story.
It's a simple before-and-after deal, and with a wire wheel you can hit a fitting in a minute or two at the most.If you want to take it one step further, you can use a polishing wheel and compound and brighten the fitting to your liking.You can take detail as far as you want. Strope even patiently highlights the timing marks, just because he can.Start by chopping the inline separator in half and then trimming the bottoms (arrow) to bring the two pairs of wires closer together. Next, use a tiny file to open up this area between the pair of wires to better fit the zip tie.Now zip the pair of wire connectors together, pull the zip tie as tight as possible, and trim off the excess.What you have is a four-wire bundled wire separator that is dirt-cheap to make and nearly impossible to see, especially when used with black plug wires.


text: Hello people of dragoart. Im back with a another tutorial. This character is from one of my favorite anime show, Tenjou Tenge. She is called Aya Natsume and her siblings are Shin Natsume and Maya Natsume. I will be doing more tutorials on Tenjou Tenge and i also do tutorial requests so please if you would like one, dont think twice to ask. The next character i will do from Tenjou Tenge will be Maya Natsume, hope you all enjoy this tutorial. See ya!


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New York University is a dynamic urban global research university whose students, faculty, and graduates generate new understandings and innovation for vital and sustainable communities within a complex interdependent world.
Undergraduate life at NYU is made up of a unique combination of experiences that stem from the vast learning opportunities inside and outside the classroom, the rich culture and excitement of New York City, and numerous options for international experiences through the University's global programs. Students will have countless ways to connect with other students in their schools and classrooms, in residence halls, student clubs, and while on the NYU campus.
Remembering the past and where we came from gives us grounding and where we are today. Embrace the history of this great university and take part in our traditional events through out the year.
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Academic advising at New York University is a fundamental and integral part of students' educational experience. Faculty and staff advisors in your school are ready to help you navigate academic life. Tap into the myriad resources provided to you as you take advantage of being a student at NYU.
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text:
What is the actual biological difference between mice and rats? Are they actually the same thing with two different names depending on appearance (are they all mice for instance and we call the larger ones rats or vice versa) or is there some fundamental difference in their genetics?
Mice (Mus) and rats (Rattus) are definitely separate species, by whichever definition of species you choose to use. They are genetically distinct, and both genera are members of the clade Muridae, along with Acomys ("spiny mice") and Gerbillus ("gerbils").
Moreover, what we call colloquially "mice" and "rats" encompass a great deal of variation within rodents. The genus Mus is one of several subgenera with ~15 species.
A recent phylogenetic study of rodents by Blanga-Kanfi et al. (2009), revealed that Mus and Rattus are sister groups, meaning that each is the other's closest relative. The image below from the paper above shows the complete tree. Muridae is about 2/3 of the way down in blue.
True rats and mice are rodents that constitute part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae. The Old World house mouse is Mus musculus, the brown rat is Rattus norvegicus, so they are members of two different genera in that family. It is estimated that they split from a common ancestor 12-24 million years ago. Just to put that in perspective, the rodent lineage (including rats and mice) and the primate lineage (apes, monkeys, humans) diverged about 80 million years ago.
You can read an NIH News Release about the rat genome here, which is my source for these divergence times.
The names 'rat' and 'mouse' are also used in the names of many other, more distantly related, rodents such as mole rats and dormice.
Added later: Response to @rwst comment under the OP. Here is a relevant quotation from the NIH source that I cite above:


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8 Beauty Products to Buy in October
In recognition of National Breast Cancer Awareness Month, we rounded up some terrific (and very pink!) new beauty products that support the cause
Coach will donate 20 percent of each lip gloss set purchase to The Breast Cancer Research Foundation.
SEE NEXT PAGE: Avon Nailwear Pro Nail Enamel in Pink Power, $3
Older comments
I know my comment is late, but it is so nice to see the support from companies and from other ladies. My mom is fighting this awful disease and we are so grateful for all the support and feeling pretty while supporting the cause is great too.
by nursesuz77 Tuesday, March 5, 2013 at 07:31PM Report as inappropriate
I love the Stila palette and wish I had seen it when this was posted >..
by lelalu100 Tuesday, February 26, 2013 at 07:12PM Report as inappropriate
love love love the sparkley nail polish, and it is so great that all these companes are so selflessly donating money towards breast cancer research. hopfully one day we will all be cancer free :) my love and prayers go out those in the fight against cancer!
by treehugger1997 Thursday, January 3, 2013 at 08:18PM Report as inappropriate
I love buying beauty products in October because they go to breast cancer research and they're pink, my favorite color! I loved everything in this article.
by Lamexicana1 Saturday, December 29, 2012 at 07:47PM Report as inappropriate
Impressive support from many of these companies!
by alictasia Friday, November 2, 2012 at 04:47PM Report as inappropriate
What a great way to honor Breast Cancer Awareness month!
by heather_hejna Friday, November 2, 2012 at 02:14PM Report as inappropriate
Gorgeous lipgloss set by Coach. Anybody know where I can pick that up?
by kimihavens Tuesday, October 30, 2012 at 03:30PM Report as inappropriate
wonderful list i love october's picks
by springsblue Tuesday, October 16, 2012 at 08:17PM Report as inappropriate
Interesting, but I'm not purchasing any of them.
by CaroleVonAllten Tuesday, October 16, 2012 at 12:43PM Report as inappropriate
by Nicole2814 Monday, October 15, 2012 at 02:06PM Report as inappropriate
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Are we able to code an event receiver on site collection creation? I have so custom site definitions, i do everything with features. So i need to activate a feature on site collection creation.
You have few events and you can write Event Receiver for WebProvisioned
Here is the article that explains event handlers: Implement SharePoint 2010 Site event receivers
Programmatically activating features
And here is the List of Feature GUID's
You can use feature activated, you then fire the feature off with feature stapling on the template.
[update] To activate publishing infrastructure for example:


text:
Very next question, no idea what to do...
I am suppose to factor $2\sin^2x + 3\sin x+1$ .
I figure this is pretty simple so I do $(2\sin x)(2\sin x)+3 \sin x+1$ .
For some reason this is incorrect (not sure why) and they give $(2\sin x+1)(\sin x+1)$ which I did verify gives me the original but I don't know how to get there.


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It's my rear right tire. It has a significant bulge in the sidewall.
Here are two pictures of the bulge (original URL):
Do I need to replace it before I drive on it again? Should I put on the spare to go buy the new tire? Or is it fine to even go a little bit on the highway for a few days before I replace it?


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I sometimes cook more pasta than I intend to eat or use at once and store the rest in a container in the fridge (just plain, cooked pasta). How long would it store safely for?
http://www.stilltasty.com/fooditems/index/17887 is as good advice as any I'd give.
In my experience, it gets some slimy mold stuff on it. If it feels slimy, its probably not good to eat, although the mold might taste delicious, you never know...
I don't keep plain cooked pasta or rice in the fridge for longer than 2 days. Both of these are starchy and pH neutral which makes a perfect environment for for mold / bacteria to grow.
I've refrigerated pasta for 7 days or so before. I wouldn't keep it any longer. If it starts to grow fuzzies or smell off, don't eat it.
Store the pasta in the fridge in water. Water should just cover the pasta. It will keep for a good while. Better yet, when you drain and heat it in the microwave, it will taste good as new.
I've stored it for over 2 weeks without water and all that crap others are telling you. As long as it doesn't have green mold on it, it is safe to eat. Otherwise only a really bad smell would be bad. Easily over 14 days if kept in a container with a lid. In fact I store my pasta sause in a container as well for just as long. People will have you throwing away good food just because they don't know or are uninformed. I've save a bunch of money doing it my way. Like meats for over 2 weeks and fruits and vegatables. If it ain't got green on it or smells bad then it's still good to eat.
If you're concerned after several days of storage, re-boil it for a minute or two. This will take it back to it's original cooking date.
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Top Definition
The act of a stripper bending over as to form "the golden arches" with her backside, and at the same time fingering her own asshole while simultaneously being given fellatio by her equally slutty stripper friend.
"The pretzel was a blur.. after the MCDIRTY"
লিখেছেন- xGREEN420x 28 de মার্চ de 2010
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?
A man, who though married, acts single. Treats the ladies well and showers them with effection.
"Today was fantastic, McDirty came and saw me and wow girl... it was amazing. But he left, he went home to his wife!"
লিখেছেন- Youdontknowme66 17 de জানুয়ারি de 2009


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Arte Sana is offering a special 2-for-1 reduced registration rate for the Nuestras Voces National Bilingual Sexual Assault Conference that will be held in Des Moines on April 1 & 2, 2013. This is a savings of $125 per registration! To take advantage of this limited offer just mark "Other" on this form and make sure to pay *online* via PayPal or credit card by 12/21/2012.
The conference group hotel rate is $78 plus tax for double occupancy.
Links:[1] http://www.arte-sana.com/nuestras_voces/2013/nv_registration_form.htm
[2] http://www.nsvrc.org/states-territories/iowa
[3] http://www.nsvrc.org/event-type/trainings


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GEORGETOWN (November 19, 2012)--Tyrece Edward Richards, 25, who was named in a Waco warrant charging retaliation stemming from a threat to a potential witness in his brother's capital murder trial, was in custody Monday in Williamson County after his arrest over the weekend in Round Rock.
Richards, the brother of Ricky Donnell Cummings, was wanted for retaliation in connection with a threat to the potential witness in the trial that ended with Cummings being sentenced to death for his role in a March 2011 assault-style shooting at a Waco apartment complex.
Williamson county jail records show Richards was held in lieu of bonds totaling $583,000, charged with failure to identify, giving a false identification, bail jumping, failure to appear in court and theft of a firearm, all from warrants issued in McLennan County.
Richards also is charged with retaliation on a Waco police warrant and with failure to ID and fraudulent use or possession of fraudulent identity information by Williamson County.
The retaliation charge, according to Waco police Sgt. W. Patrick Swanton was associated with a May 27 incident at a north Waco apartment complex during which the potential witness was threatened at gunpoint.
Richards is the third person arrested on a retaliation charge stemming from the capital murder trial.
Constance Marie Jones, 24, who is Cummings' former girlfriend, also was arrested during the trial on a retaliation charge in connection with an incident that happened at the Richland Mall.
Sheriff's deputies arrested Jones on a warrant as she stepped from the 19th District Courtroom where she had been attending Cummings' trial after Judge Ralph Strother ordered her remanded to jail.
Waco police later served the second warrant on Jones while she was in custody.
She remained in the McLennan County Jail Monday in lieu of $5,000 bond.
Cummings' uncle was arrested October 25 after Strother signed a warrant for him charging him with retaliation against a trial witness.
John Dewayne Richards was listed on the jail log Monday charged with retaliation and ordered held without bond.
John Richards' arrest came after a man threatened a witness in Cummings' capital murder trial after a third day of testimony.
On the next day when the witness prepared to leave her house to go to the courthouse, she found her car's tires slashed, which is one of the reasons the start of the trial was delayed.
Officers began searching for John Richards after the arrest warrant was issued and found him in the parking lot of the H-E-B store in Bellmead.


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The Nash embedding theorem tells us that every smooth Riemannian m-manifold can be embedded in $R^n$ for, say, $n = m^2 + 5m + 3$. What can we say in the special case of 2-manifolds? For example, can we always embed a 2-manifold in $R^3$?
The Nash-Kuiper embedding theorem states that any orientable 2-manifold is isometrically ${\cal C}^1$-embeddable in $\mathbb{R}^3$. A theorem of Thompkins [cited below] implies that as soon as one moves to ${\cal C}^2$, even compact flat $n$-manifolds cannot be isometrically ${\cal C}^2$-immersed in $\mathbb{R}^{2n-1}$. So the answer to your question for smooth embeddings is: No, as others have pointed out. I believe Gromov reduced the dimension you quote of the space needed for any compact surface to 5, but I don't have a precise reference for that.
Tompkins, C. "Isometric embedding of flat manifolds in Euclidean space," Duke Math.J. 5(1): 1939, 58-61.
Edit. Both Deane Yang and Willie Wong were correct that the Gromov result is in Partial Differential Relations. I believe this is it, on p.298: "We construct here an isometric $\cal{C}^\infty$ ($\cal{C}^{\mathrm{an}}$)-imbedding of $(V,g) \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^5$ for all compact surfaces $V$." $g$ is a Riemannian metric on $V$.
Lately I've been designing and making collections of pieces, cut from foam with a computer-controlled cutter, that can be joined to one another in an interlocking way to approximate an arbitrary surface, so I've become more aware of some of the obstructions to smooth isometric embeddings. (A few of some earlier versions of the modelling sytem are shown on the home page of Kelly Delp, with whom I've been collaborating). Here are two examples:
It seems like an interesting question to give good sufficient conditions beyond the non-negatively curved case and good obstructing conditions, beyond conditions that I will outline below. (I'm not an expert in this stuff, so there may be much more that is known.)
In the first place, any smooth closed surface M^2 in R^3, if you think about the Gauss map (the point of the unit normal vector, translated to be based at the origin), it is clear that the closure of the subset of M^2 that has positive Gaussian curvature map surjectively --- it suffices to take the point on the surface that maximizes inner product with a vector in that direction. In other words, there must be at least 4 pi worth of positive curvature. (For the construction kits, this gives a linear inequality for how many seams of various types are needed to construct a closed surface in space).
The above condition is not sufficient. If you start from a standard torus obtained as a circle of revolution, the Gauss map covers the sphere precisely twice, once with positive orientation from the outer shell, and once in the negative sense from the inner part. The positively curved part meets the negatively curved part on two round circles, along which the normal vectors are parallel and so the Gauss map is constant. For any slight perturbation of this surface in space, the Gauss map changes, but the area of the two regions is constant up to first order: the area of the image changes by the area swept out by the evolving boundary curve, but the Gauss image boundary curves of length zero have to grow before they can begin to capture area.
It's easy to perturb the metric of a round torus to make the total positive part of Gaussian curvature increase to first order. These perturbations of the metric can't be extended to perturbations of the embedding. If you do this perturbation on a portion of the torus, half a bagel so to speak, it increases its angle of curling.
I don't at the moment know a rigorous proof that there are no smooth embeddings of these perturbed metrics, but I suspect a proof could be given. (If one had a sequence of eapproximating metrics, one technical issue is that they might admit embeddings having greater and greater variation of the 2nd derivative, so the limit might be a non-C^2 embedding of the Nash-Kuiper embeddings as described by Deane Yang.)
In practice, constructions made from pieces of foam that approximate a torus of revolution are surprisingly rigid --- there is very little tolerance to modify the embedding in a way that will make it close if it doesn't want to.
On the other hand, if you change the torus shape to add a corkscrew effect, the Guass map on the boundary betwen positive and negative is no longer constant. These shapes have much greater ability to accomodate a change in the metric.
It's easy to come up with many other examples of surfaces where there are components of the positively curved part bounded by curves that have parallel normal vectors --- people often draw these instinctively. These surfaces are all limited by the same kind of rigidity.
There is another class of obstructions I'm aware of that from Hilbert's theorem that for any hyperbolic surface with a real analytic isometric immersion in space, the total |Gaussian curvature enclosed| by a quadrilateral of asymptotic lines is less than 2 pi (the upper bound for areas of quadrilaterals in the hyperbolic plane). This has subsequently been generalized in several ways, but I'm not up-to-date on what's known. The trouble is that one doesn't easily know ahead of time what the asymptotic lines will be. However, this gives some qualitative obstrutions, so I suspect one could prove that if you take two copies of a large disk in the hyperbolic plane and bridge between them by an annulus of positive curvature, the resulting metric on the sphere has no C^2 isometric embedding. If you make paper models, in practice they get riffly edges that are qualitatively incompatible with a C^2 isometric approximation, because the asymptotic line fields turn in a homotopically non-trivial way.
I'd like to summarize and elaborate on what's been said:
First, closed non-orientable surfaces such as the Klein bottle have no topological embedding in $R^3$ and therefore no isometric embedding.
The question is more reasonable if restricted to, say, closed orientable surfaces. Without the topological obstruction, this is a question about global solutions to the system of PDE's given by the isometry condition. But not any global solution. A global solution is necessarily an immersion but not necessarily an embedding. Moreover, the system of PDE's is a rather nasty one. It can be rewritten as a single Monge-Ampere equation, whose type is determined by the sign of the Gauss curvature, so the equation is elliptic where the Gauss curvature is positive and hyperbolic where the curvature is negative. Near a point where the Gauss curvature changes sign but has nonzero gradient, the equation is called "Tricomi type".
As pointed out by José, there is a geometric obstruction to global solutions: any isometrically embedded surface has at least two points with positive Gauss curvature (given by the two points of contact of an osculating sphere). So, for example, orientable surfaces with nonpositive curvature have no isometric embedding in $R^3$.
At this point, if you're still focused on isometric embeddings in $R^3$, then the question is whether any oriented surface with "enough" positive Gauss curvature is isometrically embeddable. The only result I know in this direction is Nirenberg's solution to the Weyl problem, which states that any closed surface with positive Gauss curvature has a unique isometric embedding in $R^3$. This and Nirenberg's solution to the 2-d Minkowski problem launched a golden era of using nonlinear elliptic PDE theory to solve many hard global problems in differential geometry, as exemplified by the work of Yau and Schoen.
Or you could go to higher dimensions. By now I don't remember the details, but I think that it is correct that Gromov showed that any 2-d surface can be isometrically embedded in $R^5$. I also don't remember where the proof is given, but the first place to look is his book, Partial Differential Relations, where he shows how to solve systems of underdetermined PDE's using "soft" techniques such as the h-principle. The ideas in this book sit somewhere between the hard analysis of PDE theory (he actually provides a proof of the Nash-Moser implicit function theorem) and the soft or "flabby" approach of topology. Either the proof or a reference to it should be in the book somewhere.
I'm not convinced this is an appropriate question, but giving the benefit of the doubt and since the OP is probably not a geometer...
The flat torus cannot be smoothly embedded in $\mathbb{R}^3$ isometrically. Since the torus is compact, any embedded torus lies in the interior of some sphere centered at the origin. Decrease the radius of the sphere until it just touches the torus for the first time. At the point of contact, the curvature of the torus agrees with that of the sphere, and is hence positive.
There are interesting material on embedding surfaces in $R^3$ in the book
Isometric Embedding of Riemannian Manifolds in Euclidean Spaces by Qing Han and Jia-Xing Hong, AMS, 2006. See this link.
Moreover, it seems that even embedding a small neighborhood of a point can be problematic, but I don't know if there is a smooth counterexample.
I had a conversation today with Christopher Croke of Penn., he pointed out that there was progress, extremely recent progress, on the local version, isometrically embedding a piece of surface in $\mathbf R^3.$ This is all in the $C^\infty$ category, it is always possible that more is known in $C^\omega$ and very likely less is known in, say $C^2.$
Anyway, if the curvature does not vanish in the neighborhood, then it can be isometrically embedded in $\mathbf R^3.$ The same is true if the curvature vanishes at a point but some directional derivative does not.
Well, from a new item on the arXiv by Qing Han and Marcus Khuri,
The title of the preprint is "On the Local Isometric Embedding in $\mathbf R^3$ of Surfaces with Gaussian Curvature of Mixed Sign."
Both Han and Khuri have published on this topic in the Journal of Differential Geometry, Han in 2003, Khuri in 2007.
Another counter example, and somehow more exotic, is the Klein bottle.


text:
Deciding to Breastfeed
In This Article:
Without question, breastfeeding is best for baby. Breast milk is one of nature's most perfectly designed foods. It contains all the right nutrients in the correct amounts to foster baby's brain development and physical growth for about the first six months of his life. Breast milk is tailored to meet your baby's needs, and its nutrient composition evolves to accommodate his growth.
Several health organizations, including the American Dietetic Association and the AAP, recommend nursing a baby for at least a year (longer if desired). The AAP encourages Mom to breastfeed exclusively until baby reaches six months of age. You may think these are lofty breastfeeding goals that most mothers are unlikely to achieve. But please don't be put off. Any amount of breastfeeding is better than none. Even a few months of nursing while on maternity leave counts toward your baby's good health. That may come as a happy surprise to women who are planning to switch over to infant formula once they return to work. Working does not have to interfere with breastfeeding, however. Many women nurse their children in the morning and at night and pump their milk to be fed to baby from a bottle when they are not around. That way, baby reaps the benefits of breast milk while being cared for by a sitter.
- Inspires maternal confidence. It's wonderful to see how baby thrives from the milk Mom's body produces. It's one of the greatest miracles of life.
- Is a one-of-a-kind opportunity for Mom and baby to bond. Your infant can snuggle up close to you while receiving the nurturing he needs in the way of food and physical contact.
- Is a money-saver. You may need to eat some additional food to keep up your milk production, but food costs don't come close to the price of infant formula, which the AAP puts at upwards of $1,000 for the first year.
- Is convenient and saves time. Your baby's food supply is always with Mom. There's no shopping for and preparing formula and no water, bottles, and nipples to clean every day, either.
- Promotes better digestion and quicker maturation of the intestinal tract. Breast milk is easier for baby to digest than infant formula. It provides substances that ensure that an infant's body properly breaks down the protein and fat in breast milk.
- Helps Mom's uterus get back in shape faster, protects against breast cancer, and keeps blood pressure in check. As baby sucks on the breast, the hormone oxytocin makes its way into Mom's bloodstream. Oxytocin prompts the uterus to shrink to its regular size, and more. Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found that nursing promotes blood pressure control, and they credit oxytocin for inducing calm. According to the American Medical Association (AMA), nursing a baby for at least three months reduces your chance of developing breast cancer later in life.
- Lowers the rates of allergy and asthma, diabetes, digestive tract infection, and respiratory and ear infections in babies. That's not to say that nursing guarantees immunity. Many other factors contribute to your child's susceptibility and contact with germs, including siblings, day care, and pacifiers, which can convey germs by coming in contact with unclean surfaces and hands.
- May reduce your baby's chances for cardiovascular disease in adulthood. At least one study, published in the Archives of Diseases in Childhood, found that babies who were exclusively breastfed for at least ten days had fewer of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease some fifty-plus years after birth.
- May foster weight control later in life. German researchers have found that five- and six-year-olds who were nursed the longest as babies before beginning formula or food were far less likely to be overweight.
- Enhances baby's brain function and fosters peak eyesight. Breast milk supplies two fats, AA and DHA, found lacking in cow's milk. AA and DHA are associated with improved cognitive powers and well-developed vision. The longer you breastfeed, the greater the effects on your child's mental acumen, motor abilities, and vision. Mom's diet can influence the amount of AA and DHA available to baby's brain by way of breast milk.
- Promotes softer, sweeter-smelling stools than those of formula-fed infants.
- Reduces health care costs. A study done by the University of Arizona Department of Pediatrics found that exclusively breastfed babies had a lower incidence of ear infections, respiratory infections such as colds, and intestinal infections. That meant fewer doctor's visits, hospitalizations, and costly prescriptions than for formula-fed children.
- Helps lower leukemia risk in children. A Journal of the National Cancer Institute report found that breastfed infants might have a lower risk of developing some forms of childhood leukemia than their bottle-fed counterparts. The longer children nursed, the greater the protection.
More on: Feeding and Nutrition
Copyright © 2002 by Elizabeth M. Ward. Excerpted from Healthy Foods, Healthy Kids with permission of its publisher, Adams Media Corporation.
To order this book visit Amazon.com.


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The 6 Greatest Battlefield Mindf*cks
The most powerful weapon in any army's arsenal isn't a nuke--not even one of those big nukes that shoots smaller nukes. No, no weapon or technology can stand up to the classic military mindfuck.
Strategists have been using it for millennia and perhaps none did it better than these guys:
#6. Chuko Liang and the Lute of Death
Chuko "Sleeping Dragon" Liang was a brilliant Chinese strategist and possessor of one of the top 10 awesomest nicknames in history. A chancellor of Shu Han during the third century, his cunning is widely so celebrated that in China his name is synonymous with intelligence and tactics, which is way better than General Tso, who only wound up with a Chinese restaurant dish named after him.
"No, General Tso, it is your chicken that is weak and lacking in discipline."
Chuko was a master of the mindfuck. But he was still capable of making mistakes and it was his greatest miscalculation that required him to draw upon his greatest of mindfuck powers.
According to historians, during the War of the Three Kingdoms, accompanied by a consort of just 100 soldiers and the rest of his army miles away, Chuko saw an opposing army with over 100,000 men marching towards him. The opposing general, Sima Yi, was a veteran who had fought Chuko in multiple battles. Familiar with the Sleeping Dragon's clever ways and, deciding to take no chances, he led the massive army to capture Chuko.
Ordering his few men into hiding, Chuko commanded that the town gates be left wide open and, positioning himself atop the city wall, he proceeded to play the lute as the massive enemy army approached. Upon his arrival at the town gates, Sima Yi, who had fallen victim to many a Chuko-led ambush, halted his army and studied Chuko's calm manner as he ripped a solo on the chords.
Convinced it was a trap he could not yet comprehend, Sima commanded a hasty retreat, more than a 100,000 soldiers pulling back from one man and his musical instrument. Chuko thus earned an entire wing in the Bullshitter's Hall of Fame.
#5. Cambyses II of Persia: Master of the Catfight
The Battle of Pelusium in 525 B.C. was a mindfuck of godly proportions. Literally.
Egypt was being invaded by the Persians, lead by Cambyses II. At the time, Egypt was at the zenith of their wealth and power. They also were at their most zealous for their religious beliefs, based around a variety of animals they considered holy. The Egyptians remained convinced that their gods would continue to shower good fortune upon them so long as they were treated with due respect and awe.
Cambyses knew this, so he brought along to Egypt a zoo's compendium of every animal they thought was holy. He also painted the image of the Egyptian feline goddess, Bastet, on the shields of his soldiers. The result was that during the battle, many of the Egyptian soldiers refused to fight back lest they strike the holy image, bringing the wrath of Bastet upon them.
After dealing the hesitant Egyptians a resounding defeat, Cambyses pursued them to the fortress of Pelusium. Unwilling to deal with a protracted siege, and to amuse himself, Cambyses decided to release a wave of cats to charge at the fort. This prevented the soldiers from shooting arrows at the advancing Persian army, for fear of hitting the sacred cats. The Egyptians were so concerned with the vengeful hands of their gods that they ignored the ones swinging scimitars right at their faces.
The victory ushered the end of Egyptian sovereignty for centuries to come. It was annexed to Persia and then tossed back and forth between different empires before ultimately falling into the hands of the Romans. As if all that wasn't enough, when he won Cambyses laughed and hurled cats at the faces of his defeated foes. No, Seriously.
#4. Vo Nguyen Giap and the Tet Offensive
In 1967, the Vietnam War was in full swing. On the rare occasions that the American army had forced the Viet Cong into a direct engagement, Vietnamese asses were roundly kicked. The American public was keeping an eye on the world's first televised war, but because of the North Vietnamese guerrilla strategy, there wasn't much action to watch. Prior to the Tet Offensive, Americans largely supported the Vietnam War and, despite scattered peace protests, most believed the war to be coming to a close.
During the war, the North Vietnamese and Commander Vo Nguyen Giap took great pains to understand the American cultural scene. Having dissected Barbies and fed Big Macs to caged monkeys, they began to comprehend that the center of power in American politics wasn't congress or even the president, but with public perception and the news media.
So, Giap developed a plan to influence them directly: the Tet Offensive.
In one of the all-time dick moves, Giap broke the truce traditionally kept on Tet, the Vietnamese lunar new year, bringing the war to the Americans, and more specifically the TV cameras. He attacked multiple locations of both strategic and symbolic importance, including the American embassy. Militarily it was a pretty shitty strategy. Outmatched and outgunned, there was no way the Vietnamese forces could capture and hold all the places they were attacking. In fact, after it was all said and done, the American and South Vietnamese forces had turned back the Viet Cong from every single spot they had attacked, and they suffered massive casualties.
It didn't matter. Though American combatants claimed a hard-earned victory in a battle that American General William Westmoreland likened to the Battle of the Bulge--the war began losing popularity with the American people. Having seen the scary ass Viet Cong up close on their TVs, the people were now certain that there was no end in sight to the war and wanted out.
Pretty soon, politicians who still supported the war were thought to be hawkish dicks, and history books would call it one of the darkest points in U.S. military history. The lesson was learned, and 40 years later America's enemies skip the whole Tet thing and just take the war right to the cameras.


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Those who use Facebook have probably noticed the recent change to the photo albums and viewing of photos.
They allow you to use the left and right arrow keys on the keyboard to change the photo you are viewing.
I know there are many open source javascript scripts that do that for photo viewing as well but what is different... in the old facebook albums and other javascript photo albums, they seem to use the # in the URI/URL to get the ID's and then can make the ajax call.
The new version on Facebook seems to have the same result/affect but the URL's look like this...
So there is no # in the URL for javascript to use, how can this be done?


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Having never played any game in the series before, I am intrigued by the name. Is it ever explained in the third game? If not, what's it meaning? (spolier-less as possible, if possible)
The "mass effect" is the (psuedo-)scientific principle behind most of the technologies in the series. For instance, the "mass relays" allow faster than light travel by exploiting the mass effect.
It's also the reason why weapons have unlimited ammunition (what you're actually doing is "venting a heat sink") and the way in which all of the biotic powers work.
It's explained in the introduction to the first game of the series.
Although it's a spoiler for the first game, by this time in the series we know that the technology was not invented by the Protheans (as was thought at the time of ME1) but is in fact far older. The galaxy's continual dependency on the mass effect is one advantage that the Reapers tend to exploit.
It's in your codex, under Technology. The Wiki also explains it and contains the codex except:


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Amanda Shields
February 1, 2013 - Philadelphia
The Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF) has named Amanda Shields curator of fine arts. In this role she will be responsible for the preservation and display of CHF's extensive collections, including the largest collection of alchemical art in the world. She will also lead efforts to share CHF's collections with other museums and institutions and represent CHF at national and international conferences.
"After five years of managing CHF's image archives and working on curatorial teams, Amanda is ready to oversee our fine-arts program," said Jennifer Landry, director of the CHF Museum. "Amanda's energy, organization, and fine-arts background will help her to bring CHF's fine-arts collection to a wider public, both in the museum and around the world."
Amanda Shields began her career at CHF five years ago as the image archivist. At that time her primary focus was the image collection and the museum project. She came onboard the museum-planning project midstream but quickly became acclimated and was a critical member of the curatorial team. After the museum project Amanda developed and built the Gordon Moore processing and digitization project from its infancy, showing her strengths as a project manager—completing the project ahead of schedule! All the while she maintained an efficient and helpful image reference service both internally and externally, even as the volume of requests increased dramatically.
Shields earned a B.A. degree in arts and science in art conservation and art history from the University of Delaware. She is currently pursuing a graduate degree in museum studies from Johns Hopkins University.
The Chemical Heritage Foundation is a collections-based nonprofit organization that preserves the history and heritage of chemistry, chemical engineering, and related sciences and technologies. The collections are used to create a body of original scholarship that illuminates chemistry's role in shaping society. In bridging science with the humanities, arts, and social sciences, CHF is committed to building a vibrant, international community of scholars; creating a rich source of traditional and emerging media; expanding the reach of our museum; and engaging the broader society through inventive public events.
For more information, please visit www.chemheritage.org.
CHF Media Contact:
Neil Gussman
CHF's state-of-the-art conference center is in Philadelphia's beautiful historic district.
Meet us in person at one of our events.
Listen to the latest episodes of CHF's award-winning podcast.
Nylon valve, 1940s–1950s
©2010–2016 Chemical Heritage Foundation


text: Yesterday I posted a drawing I made on Facebook and it's of a flying wolf or at least my version of one. I do have a wolf with wings tutorial already uploaded on Dragoart, but I drew that one so long ago. I guess I was inspired to make this lesson because of the puppy like version I did of Cerberus. The coloring and concept of this flying wolf came out to be pretty awesome. The background is different form the one some of you guys seen on Facebook, and the reason why I decided to change the background design, is because I thought that the darker version would be better. How hard is drawing a flying wolf? Well, generally this type of creature would have some bumps in the road, but since I broke down the drawing into easy to follow steps, I feel confident that you guys can get through this tutorial with little or no complications. I don't know what else to say about this drawing, I guess I'll let you guys get busy with teaching yourself "how to draw a flying wolf". I shall return momentarily so hang on to your seats, because I am coming back!


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6 Things They Say Hurt Careers (That Statistics Say Help)
With economic recovery moving slower than a stoned snail and companies receiving 10,000 applications for 90 positions, everyone's concerned with job security. But have no fear, we at Cracked are here to help.
It turns out that many of the ways we intuitively believe we're improving our success in the workforce are totally wrong. If you want to get ahead, you'd be better advised to ...
#6. Start Drinking at Bars
Whatever positive thing you can say about alcohol (like, say, you have it to thank for the loss of your virginity), it sure as hell isn't going to help your career. Climbing the corporate ladder takes a lot of hard work, while spending nights out drinking means you're always calling in sick or spending half the shift hung over. So workers who frequently visit bars to drink away their problems must be making less than their hardworking coworkers who stay late at the office, right?
Not so, says the Journal of Labor Research. Their studies found that social drinkers earned 7 percent more, and people who frequented bars on a regular basis earned a whopping 10 to 14 percent more, than non-drinkers.
"Hey, my stocks are up. I think I'll burn a $100 bill in front of a homeless guy in celebration."
Why? Well as any fraternity brother trying to justify his 1.5 GPA will tell you, it's not about what you know, it's about who you know. It's all about networking. Workers who regularly visit bars are able to build better relationships with coworkers and make all sorts of contacts outside their company. The guy you're singing karaoke with tonight is the same supervisor who might be giving out promotions six months from now, or the client you'll be trying to sell to next week.
"You're a terrible doctor, Steve, but you're a hell of a good time. How's head of surgery sound?"
On the other hand, sober working drones may be seen as good workers, but are less likely to make these close personal relationships. And with as many as four out of five promotions being based on those kind of relationships, building that camaraderie with coworkers is more likely to get you that promotion than, say, constantly working. And nothing builds closer relationships like being a wing man for the boss at a bar.
And yes, we're referring to our hypothetical drinker as a male for a reason -- the data shows this trend is only applicable to men, as no correlation between bar visits and paycheck size was found for women.
And just in case you thought that the rule is as simple as "Be a nice guy and you'll be rewarded," it actually turns out that it's more helpful to ...
#5. Be a Jerk
You'd think that just straight being an asshole would be the quickest and easiest way to fail a job interview, or at least alienate your coworkers and make the daily grind much grindier for everybody. But there is an upside to being the biggest dick in your office -- an upside to the tune of $9,772 annually, or more than enough to cover a year's worth of anger management lessons.
That's how much more men who are rated "more disagreeable" than their nicer counterparts make on average, according to a survey by researchers at Notre Dame and University of Western Ontario. The kicker is that this was a self-survey -- the participants aren't people who don't realize they're coming off like dicks, but people who proudly announce it.
"I will work-fuck you until your soul evaporates!"
Now, you might be thinking that the connection between success and dickishness goes the other way -- that these are people like Dr. House, who know they're great at their jobs, and thus know they can afford to act like cockholes. But the same researchers approached it from the other direction and found that being a jerk also makes you more likely to get hired in the first place, even if the nicer people are equally qualified.
Their study presented 460 students with a list of candidates for a fictitious consulting position and asked them to hire someone. All other things being equal, candidates who were flat-out described as "more agreeable" were less likely to get the job, while more obnoxious candidates were more successful.
Photos.com Hired!
Some of you have already guessed why. The effect was more pronounced in men, leading researchers to speculate that managers and interviewers are subconsciously looking for traditional masculine alpha-male characteristics, which, right or wrong, we associate with being kind of a douchebag. So it's kind of a circular argument that goes on in the minds of the people doing the hiring: Dr. House types can be jerks because they're geniuses and thus confident, therefore when we see a guy acting like a jerk, we figure he must be a genius like Dr. House.
"No, you can't have the promotion, but you can have two for flinching."
You don't have to agree with it to acknowledge that it goes on. So if you want to impress your boss, just put bees in your coworker's lunchbox. And while you're at it ...
#4. Become Sexist
Yes, it turns out it's not just being a general dick that earns you a fat bonus on your paycheck. Specifically, having watched too many episodes of Mad Men can grant you an advantage in the workplace. It turns out that being a chauvinist pig boosts your earning potential by $11,930 annually.
But why are sexist men rewarded for exhibiting culturally unacceptable behavior, especially when sexism lawsuits against corporations are up by more than 25 percent over the last five years? Don't blame the system; a sexist douche (we'll call him "Chad") actually has a competitive advantage when negotiating a salary.
It starts with the fact that one consistently successful way to get more money from your job is to ask for it. This is one of those times when a sense of entitlement helps you -- march into the boss's office and insist that you're owed more money, and he'll eventually give in. Aggressive negotiators end up earning more than $600,000 over the course of their careers than their coworkers who learned manners.
Which brings us back to Chad. You see, Chad not only thinks Pam likes getting her ass smacked because look at what she's wearing. In his small mind rests another idea: That men should earn more money than women, because men have families to support. That's going to motivate him to storm into the manager's office more often than his more enlightened coworkers. Thanks to his "My dick deserves more cash" philosophy, Chad will soon be rolling in the dough. Though he'll request that his female coworkers knead it first.
"Going ... down?"


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Most people that study German learn about "stem-changing VERBs (z.B. singen, sang, gesungen).
I don't come across them often, but there appear to be stem-changing adjectives, as well. Example: Gross= great. But Friedrich der Grösse.
Are there "classes" of such adjectives (e.g. for words with a, o, or u)? Or a handful of individual cases? Or am I seeing something that doesn't actually exist?


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my daughter found my old flash (20+ years old) and tried it on her canon T3i. It didn't recognize it and it never fired, but she tried the shutter button. Could this have damaged her camera even if it didn't fire? I have just given her a canon flash and her camera won't fire it, but mine will. If it did damage it, can it be repaired? Any suggestions? Thanks.
Unfortunately, it is entirely possible that it did damage the camera. Older flashes have a higher trigger voltage and that may damage the camera. It should be reparable, if that is the case, but it could be somewhat costly.
You can find a bit of an explanation for this online here: Trigger Voltage but it's a little techie. Suffice to say, your best bet is to contact Canon for your next steps.
The problem is that in old cameras, the flash sync was a simple mechanical switch. The flash would present high voltage DC, say 300V, across the switch. When you trigger the shutter, the switch would close, 300V would flow and it would flash.
Modern cpu driven cameras use all semiconductors, and most are designed for at most 5 volts. So an old flash can present 60 times more voltage than the camera can handle.
This potential (voltage) is present any time the flash is charged. If it was off, then there is no need to worry. But if the flash was charged, it could very easily fry circuits in the camera.
this is what i got as an answer from yongnuo:
will old flash 160v release damage the yongnuo rf-603c ? will Fujifilm FL MX29 damage my receiver? up to what voltage it is safe to use?
Thanks for your email. YONGNUO RF603 can be used with the flashes with the save voltage below 300V. If you are using a photography luminaire, please connect it with a PC sync cable. For we don't have a Fujifilm FL MX29 to be tested with our products, we suggest you to take your camera to a physical store to test it with our products (or borrow from your friends). If the save voltage of the flashes is not sure and the test is in need,we suggest you to use a PC sync cable.
Best regards,


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Are you a budding business professional? If you are, you would likely love the chance to pick the brain of someone who has successfully navigated the business world – to learn about what sparked their interest and eventually what ignited their career. This is exactly the reason we were so excited to hear about one group of students who were given the opportunity to speak with venture capitalist and New York real estate mogul Barbara Corcoran.
At Jefferson Township High School, 50 business students were able to interact with Corcoran, a current judge on the ABC TV show 'Shark Tank,' through Skype a video call. She answered questions and shared anecdotes from both her career and time spent on the show – more specifically, touching upon topics such as learning from your failures, tenacity and how it relates to success, the achievements of past winners of 'Shark Tank,' and the story of how she took a $1,000 loan from her boyfriend and turned it into a $6 billion real estate business.
(image c/o NorthJersey.com)
Teachers involved with setting up the chat between Corcoran and the students were thrilled with the results, according to NorthJersey.com. They felt that video conferencing provided their students the opportunity to connect prior knowledge with real life experiences, demonstrating how impactful video calling can be in the classroom. "We are able to vet resources available worldwide at no cost and practically on-demand," Walker said. "Instead of reading about it, we can ask successful entrepreneurs about their successes live! Such first-hand questioning, conversation and collaboration will always have the greatest impact on student learning, making it fun, authentic and engaging."
Is there one person you find inspiring that you would love to talk to via Skype? Leave a comment and share with us.
2 thoughts on "Business Students Use Skype to Connect with Shark Tank's Barbara Corcoran"
This is great. I hope to do the same. I am developing a unit for my 8th graders. I am asking them to create a real company and then pitch their business plan to actual business owners to get their feedback on their ideas. I just wish I could get a well known person or expert to be a guest via Skype in my classroom.


text: I wish I knew some 411 on this character that is going to be appearing in a new Cartoon Network series called 'Redakai'. I can't believe that the network is able to come out with all these shows and still have time to air everything else. I guess they get ideas for shows to fill spots for other series that go through a season finale. Anyways this tutorial is going to show you "how to draw Ky", step by step and he is one of the three main figures of Redakai. He is the leader of Team Stax, I read somewhere that the show is geared toward boys that are into action packed animated series. The same guys that brought you Bakugan is responsible for this new adventure and they are Spin Master. Ky is a fifteen year old boy and his two best friends are Boomer, and Maya. The show is going to take the viewers on a journey with Ky and his friends as they search for an alien energy force called 'Kairu'. I bet it's going to be an exciting series, and just by the character design I know for a fact that there is going to be some cool effects. Anyways have fun learning "how to draw Ky from Redakai", and you can expect to see the series on Cartoon Network sometime in June. Peace people and have fun!