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| HP News Services
In the latest operations, the Iranian hackers were able to gain access to control-system software that could potentially allow them to manipulate US oil or natural gas pipelines.
By SIOBHAN GORMAN and DANNY YADRON
WASHINGTON -- Iranian-backed hackers have escalated a
campaign of cyberassaults against US corporations by launching
infiltration and surveillance missions against the computer
networks running energy companies, according to current and
former US officials.
In the latest operations, the Iranian hackers were able to
gain access to control-system software that could allow them to
manipulate oil or gas pipelines. They proceeded "far enough to
worry people," one former official said.
The developments show that while Chinese hackers pose
widespread intellectual-property-theft and espionage concerns,
the Iranian assaults have emerged as far more worrisome because
of their apparent hostile intent and potential for damage or
US officials consider
this set of Iranian infiltrations to be more alarming than
another continuing campaign, also believed to be backed by
Tehran, that disrupts bank websites by "denial of service"
strikes. Unlike those, the more recent campaigns actually have
broken into computer systems to gain information on the
controls running company operations and, through
reconnaissance, acquired the means to disrupt or destroy them
in the future, the US officials said.
In response, US officials warn that Iran is edging closer to
provoking US retaliation.
"This is representative of stepped-up cyber activity by the
Iranian regime. The more they do this, the more our concerns
grow," a US official said. "What they have done so far has
certainly been noticed, and they should be cautious."
The US has previously launched its own cyberattacks against
Iran. The Stuxnet worm, developed and launched by the US and
Israel, sabotaged an Iranian nuclear facility.
The latest campaign, which the US believes has direct
backing from the Iranian government, has focused on the control
systems that run oil and gas companies and, more recently,
power companies, current and former officials said. Control
systems run the operations of critical infrastructure,
regulating the flow of oil and gas or electricity, turning
systems on and off, and controlling key functions.
In theory, manipulating the software could be used to delete
important data or turn off key safety features such as the
automatic lubrication of a generator, experts said.
Current and former US officials wouldn't name the energy
companies involved in the attacks or say how many there were.
But among the targets were oil and gas companies along the
Canadian border, where many firms have operations, two former
officials said.
The officials also wouldn't detail the precise nature of the
evidence of Iranian involvement. But the US has "technical
evidence" directly linking the hacking of energy companies to
Iran, one former US official said.
Iranian officials deny any involvement in hacking. "Although
Iran has been repeatedly the target of state-sponsored
cyberattacks, attempting to target Iran's civilian nuclear facilities, power grids, oil
terminals and other industrial sectors, Iran has not ever
retaliated against those illegal cyberattacks," said Iran's
spokesman at the United Nations, Alireza Miryousefi. "In the
lack of international legal instruments to address
cyberwarfare, Iran has been at the forefront of calling for
creating such instruments. We categorically reject these
baseless allegations used only to divert attentions."
So far, the infiltrations don't appear to have involved
theft of data or disruption of operations. But officials worry
the reconnaissance undertaken to datewill provide hackers the
information they need to do damage in the future. Computer
infiltration experts often identify so-called backdoors in
computer systems that permit repeated entries.
While there is no
evidence that systems have been tampered with, some US
officials have likened the types of infiltrations seen in the
US to those at oil company Saudi Aramco that eventually enabled
attacks that destroyed 30,000 computers in August 2012.
It isn't clear whether the hackers are the same individuals
responsible for Saudi Aramco or those involved in the
relentless set of attacks that have bombarded bank websites,
temporarily knocking them offline.
The US Department of Homeland Security earlier this month
warned of an escalation in threats against computerized control
systems, but it didn't cite Iran as the origin of the
In recent months, however, US officials have grown
increasingly alarmed by the growth of what defense officials
describe as a continuing series of cyberattacks backed by the
Iranian government, including its elite Quds Force. The threat
has grown quickly; as recently as 18 months ago, top
intelligence officials were largely dismissive of Iranian
hacking capabilities.
Underscoring the Obama administration's growing concern, the
White House held a high-level meeting late last month on how to
handle the Iranian cybersecurity threat. No decisions were made
at that meeting to take action, however, and officials will
reconvene in coming weeks to reassess, a US official said.
"It's reached a really critical level," said James Lewis, a
cybersecurity specialist at the Center for Strategic and
International Studies, who frequently advises the White House
and Capitol Hill. "We don't have much we can do in response,
short of kinetic warfare."
The Obama administration sees the energy-company
infiltrations as a signal that Iran hasn't responded to
deterrence, a former official said.
In October, then-Defense Secretary Leon Panetta issued a
veiled threat to Iran, which he did not name in his speech, by
warning the Saudi Aramco hack represented a dangerous
escalation in cyberwarfare. Since then, the Iranian attacks
have only ramped up.
Unlike Chinese hacking, the Iranian infiltrations and
cyberattacks appear intended to disrupt and possibly damage
computer systems. "The differentiator is the intent. Stealing
versus disrupting raises different concerns," the US official
said. "That's why they're getting a fair amount of
The recent growth of Chinese infiltrations primarily has
been aimed at stealing military and trade secrets, not doing
"The Chinese believe in stability, and they operate on a
50-year plan," said Tom Kellerman, vice president of Trend
Micro, a cybersecurity research firm. "Iran has been
successfully ostracized from global economics. It is in their
best interest to pursue destructive cyberattacks to not only
empower themselves but to signal to the Western world they are
capable in cyberspace."
Cybersecurity specialists say the electric-power industry
remains under-prepared to fend off attacks, particularly ones
backed by a foreign government.
"If you were worried about cyberattacks against electric
utilities five years ago, you're still worried today," said
Jacob Olcott, a former cybersecurity aide on Capitol Hill now
at GoodHarbor Consulting. "Some within the electric sector have
become more savvy about security in recent years. Many are
Lawmakers on Capitol Hill are stepping up pressure to
bolster cybersecurity in the electric-power sector. Reps.
Edward Markey (D., Mass.) and Henry Waxman (D., Calif.) issued
a report this week citing security gaps in the computer
networks running the electric grid.
Based on a survey of 150 power companies, the report found
that "more than a dozen utilities reported "daily," "constant"
or "frequent" attempted cyberattacks," and one said it was the
target of about 10,000 attempted cyberattacks each month. The
report found that many electric utilities were adopting only
mandatory cybersecurity standards and not implementing
voluntary added precautions.
Dow Jones Newswires
All comments are subject to editorial review.
All fields are compulsory.
Chuck Nolan
We are at war with Iran as much as we were at war with Nazi Germany, but our President is hiding from the truth.We need to bomb them into the stone age, just as we had to destroy many German and Japanese cities to end World War II.Civilians who voted these savages into power will suffer the consequences of their mistake, just as did many innocent Germans and Japanese.
In reference to the quote "eventually enabled attacks that destroyed 30,000 computers in August 2012". Were these computers actually destroyed, or they were possibly infected? I cannot find corroborating articles which state that the computers were destroyed.
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A searchable database of project activity in the global hydrocarbon processing industry
Engineers and designers are highly skilled individuals. Forcing them to enter design changes using tables, forms and spreadsheets is unproductive and uneconomical, and it increases the likelihood of human error—this is the way that most instrumentation software systems currently work. For too long, software vendors have denied engineers and designers the simple practicality of a graphical visual engineering interface with "drag and drop" capability and inbuilt intelligence, ensuring changes are automatically replicated into all the associated data and databases.
Is 2016 the peak for US gasoline demand?
Too soon to tell
July 2016


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I learned the sentence in bold from the transcript of a podcast in 60-Second Science:
Eysenbach tracked more than 4200 tweets that cited 286 articles in his own journal. Three quarters of articles that got tweeted a lot (or, to use the study's nomenclature, had a lot of tweetations) turned out to get a lot of citations. Only 7 percent of poorly tweeted pieces wound up highly cited. As the article notes: "Social media activity either increases citations or reflects the underlying qualities of the article that also predict citations." But I predict that young researchers who use social media to the chagrin of their administrators will cite this journal article. Or tweet about it.
I don't understand what is the meaning of "use social media to the chagrin of their administrators". Is there a phrase of the pattern "use something to something"?

subset: commoncrawl


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expert advice MORE
How Much Iron Do Youngsters Need?
Q: My daughter is 16 months old. How much iron does she need? Do children and adults need the same amount?
A: The amount of iron that a child requires each day is actually not much less than what an adult needs. Iron is important because it helps make hemoglobin which is the major part of red blood cells. Without enough iron, children can become anemic over time, meaning that the number and size of their red blood cells decrease. There are usually no symptoms when a child has mild anemia. However, if it gets worse, symptoms can include paleness, fatigue, poor appetite, and low exercise tolerance.
Most people get the iron they need from their food. Red meats are a particularly good source of iron, especially liver and veal. Other sources of iron include soybeans and navy beans, green leafy vegetables, cream of wheat, and fortified cereals. Prunes, molasses, and avocado also have reasonable amounts of iron. Clams and oysters have very large amounts of iron, though many children don't tolerate the texture of these foods. It's important to know that the iron in meat and fish is absorbed by the body more effectively than iron in vegetables and beans. It's also helpful to eat foods containing vitamin C (like orange juice) at the same time that you are eating foods with iron. The vitamin C helps the intestine absorb more of the iron.
For adult men the recommended daily intake of iron is about 10 milligrams (mg), and for women it's 15 mg. In children, the intake varies with age. The more rapidly children are growing , the more iron they need. Thus, young children ages 6 to 36 months have high iron requirements. The recommended daily intake for this age group is 10 mg per day. Adolescents, ages 11 to 18, also have large iron requirements: 12 mg a day for boys and 15 mg a day for girls.
Ideally, the best way to get in the extra iron is to change the diet to include more iron-rich foods. Be sure to read the nutritional information on all the foods included in your child's diet to find out how much iron she's getting. If you feel your child isn't getting the proper amount of iron (considering her intake over the course of a couple of weeks, not just one day), discuss this with your child's doctor to se if she recommends an iron supplement.
More on: Expert Advice
Shari Nethersole is a physician at Children's Hospital, Boston, and an instructor in Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School. She graduated from Yale University and Harvard Medical School, and did her internship and residency at Children's Hospital, Boston. As a pediatrician, she tries to work with parents to identify and address their concerns.


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Scioto Downs Racino is OPEN 24 Hours A Day, 7 Days A Week! This includes all major Holidays!
Scioto Downs, which opened in 1959, has been providing the exhilaration of live harness racing to the Columbus community for more than 50 years! We're proud of our illustrious past and we are looking forward to an exciting future.
As the first Racino to open in June 2012, Scioto Downs introduced the latest in gaming technology to central Ohio and continues to bring the best and most popular games to the area. Scioto Downs features more than 2,100 video lottery terminal games (commonly known as "Slots"), seasonal live-harness horse racing, year-round simulcast wagering, an array of dining options and live entertainment.
Open 24-hours a day, seven-days a week, our gaming floor caters to every level of player — from Penny to High Limit action.
We are happy to call Ohio home and believe that no matter where you are from you will find that Scioto Downs offers some of the best gaming in Columbus, some of the best restaurants in the Columbus area and some of the best racing in the state.
So bring your game and we will provide the fun!
LIVE HARNESS RACING (Seasonal):
- May-September
- First race post time:every Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday at 6:30 p.m
- Holiday matinee post time (in lieu of night card): 1:00 p.m.(Memorial Day, Independence Day and Labor Day)
- Year round simulcast betting available
- Daily 11am-12midnight
Not only can you bet on exciting harness racing at Scioto Downs, you can also take your chances on the many exciting games offered by the Ohio Lottery. The Ohio Lottery offers customers a wide variety of games and Scioto Downs is proud to be a licensed retailer for the Ohio Lottery Commission.
For more information, check out www.ohiolottery.com
Scioto Downs is a proud Business Member of the City of Columbus and surrounding areas.


text:
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Green Sea Algae restructures and strengthens at a cellular level while Inca Inchi Oil restores moisture balance. Wheatgerm Oil stimulates fresh cell renewal and protects from environmental aggressors, Wild Indigo soothes and comforts. Scientifically proven to strengthen the barrier function and help the recovery process of the skin
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Does the Pathfinder core rulebook contain any information that is not included already on www.d20pfsrd.com that would make it worth it to buy the PDF version of the manual? Or does it only have extra descriptive text?
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Because of the nature of the rulebook, it includes things that are not part of the SRD. The website, while it contains a lot of the core rules, does not include all of the information that is laid out in the Core rulebook (Like the specific rules on how to make a character step-by-step, for example).
The d20pfsrd.com contains a vast wealth of information from the core books and is updated regularly, but I would not consider it a replacement for the core rules. It'd be like trying to play a FATE based game by just using the Spirit of The Century SRD.
Additionally, while d20pfsrd.com is very well maintained by a group of extremely dedicated volunteers, it occasionally has errors (which are typically corrected very quickly, but occur none-the-less).
Slightly off topic, but still relevant: By purchasing the Rulebook, you support Paizo, and thus make more core Pathfinder material possible.
I use both my hard copy and d20pfsrd.com. I find the website most useful as GM because I can find information very quickly. However as a player in an actual game, I use the book more regularly.
I first purchased the Core Rule Book as a PDF just to get a feel for what I was getting myself into. It was worth every penny in my opinion. I however later purchased a dead tree copy for a few reasons.
When playing with a group, it's very helpful to have more than one copy of the books, and not everybody will have or want to use a digital device. Having at least one physical copy of the book is good, even if you do have various laptops and tablets around.
Also, Paizo have done really good work and are impressively open with the license, so it's good to reward them.
With multiple books, the srd search option can help immensely with tasks like finding and selecting spells. However, general comprehension of a class, specific monsters, and most importantly, combat rules, are all better tackled with the sourcebooks.
Knowing you are supporting paizo is also a huge plus.
Yes, the Core Rule Book is a solid buy. If for no other reason than to support Paizo for allowing websites like d20pfsrd.com to host the rules. It also makes a great object to hit the rules lawyer over the head with.


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December 30, 2009
Add some cultural colour to your New Year with the Cape Minstrel Carnival
A Cape minstrel, photo courtesy Clarissa de Wet
The Cape Minstrel Carnival – South Africa's answer to the New Orleans Mardi Gras – runs from January 1-5 and is the perfect way to kick off 2010 with a multi-cultural bang.
Also known as the Kaapse Klopse or Tweede Nuwe Jaar (second New Year), the carnival sees more than 13 000 brightly dressed minstrels from the coloured community dance through Cape Town's city centre, singing traditional songs and playing banjos.
The Cape Minstrel Carnival is made up of a number of events, starting with the night march by 50 Cape Malay choirs and bands through Cape Town. The route starts at Keizergracht, proceeds along Darling Street, goes into Adderley Street and Wale Street and turns left into Bree Street. The marathon procession will start at 22h00 on January 1 and end at 05h00 on January 2.
Not to be missed is the colourful march by the minstrel troupes on January 2, starting at 11h00 and ending at approximately 22h00. This event, involving about 66 minstrel troupes and bands, will take place along the same route as the choir march.
Don't miss this spectacular display of a culture and spirit unique to the Mother City – it will be a New Year you'll never forget.


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Sam Dillon
Archived news articles by Sam Dillon of The New York Times.
Marcel Reich-Ranicki, Literary Critic, Is Dead at 93
Mr. Reich-Ranicki, a Polish Jew who grew up in Berlin, became a powerful cultural figure in postwar Germany as a literary critic and a television talk show host.
September 19, 2013, Thursday
Pedro Ramírez Vázquez, Architect, Is Dead at 94
Mr. Ramírez designed a series of monuments to Mexican culture, including museums, a sports stadium and the Basilica of Guadalupe shrine.
April 18, 2013, Thursday
Kurt Maetzig, Pioneering German Director, Dies at 101
Kurt Maetzig, a pioneering East German director whose socialist films scrutinized anti-Semitism, explored corporate complicity in the rise of fascism and helped compel Germans to come to terms with their Nazi past, died on Aug. 8 at his home in...
September 5, 2012, Wednesday
Kurt Maetzig, Pioneering German Director, Dies at 101
Mr. Maetzig, a pioneering figure in East Germany's socialist film industry after World War II, helped postwar Germany come to terms with its Nazi past.
September 2, 2012, Sunday
German in a Multicultural World
The study of German language in this country has declined. Educators point to interest in Mandarin and a lack of interest among minority students.
April 15, 2012, Sunday
In Washington, Large Rewards in Teacher Pay
In a new system to retain young talent, about 476 teachers received sizable bonuses this year, with 235 of them getting unusually large pay raises.
January 1, 2012, Sunday
Failure Rate of Schools Overstated, Study Says
A study by the Center on Education Policy says that under the No Child Left Behind law, 48 percent of schools would be labeled as failing this year — not 82 percent.
December 15, 2011, Thursday
U.S. Urges Creativity by Colleges to Gain Diversity
Guidelines from the Obama administration focus on the wiggle room in court rulings on affirmative action, suggesting the use of admissions criteria that are often proxies for race.
December 3, 2011, Saturday
Districts Pay Less in Poor Schools, Report Says
More state and local dollars are spent on salaries in higher-income areas, the federal Department of Education found.
December 1, 2011, Thursday
Lines Grow Long for Free School Meals, Thanks to Economy
Millions of students are receiving free or low-cost meals for the first time after their parents lost homes or jobs in the economic crisis.
November 30, 2011, Wednesday
Rss Feeds On Sam Dillon
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18 August, 2008
ibunnysavetroy added the project mumu revisited
a simple dress, darts and binding added.
a simple dress, darts and binding added.
Fashion & Trends
Check out the fabric prints you need to sew with this summer!
Editors' Pick
These styles for the globetrotter take us on a fashion tour of the world!
Sew Along
Sew along with Meg this week as she sews and attaches the collar
Sewing Projects
Check out the process of how Meg sewed up this tiered dress in double gauze!
Pattern of the Week
The playful stripes add a stylish element to this blouse that is enhanced by the weave!
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Lashley settling into new site
September 10, 2012
ST. CLAIRSVILLE — For years, the Valley has looked to Lashley Tractor Sales for premium top of the line tractors. As the name has progressed over the years, so has the buildings in which it occupie....
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sandik--I'm still not finished with it, maybe another 150 pages, but it is definitely phenomenal in terms of giving 4-8 pages for even the minor Hollywood films (much more for 'Metropolis' and 'M' and 'Siegfried').
It sounds quite juicy, but I'll have to look out for it -- my local library doesn't have it yet.
I did see, though, while I was searching their catalog, that he wrote a book on the blacklist -- looks interesting as well!


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The observable universe is approximately 13.7 billion years old. But yet it is 80 billion light years across. Isn't this a contradiction?
This question implicitly refers to the visible universe, but we should state that explicitly, as otherwise the question doesn't make any sense.
It may seem like we shouldn't be able to see more than 13.7 billion light-years (13.7 giga-light-years, or glyrs) away, but that reasoning omits the expansion of spacetime according to General Relativity. A photon emitted from somewhere near the beginning of the Universe would have traveled nearly 13.7 glyrs if you had measured each light-year just as the photon crossed it, but since those light-years that you measured have expanded since the photon passed through, that distance now adds up to about 80 glyrs.
The radius of the observable universe is about 46 billion light years, which is considerably greater than its age of about 14 billion years. Since the radius of the observable universe is defined by the greatest distance from which light would have had time to reach us since the Big Bang, you might think that it would lie at a distance of only 14 billion light years, since $x=ct$ for motion at a constant velocity $c$. However, a relation like $x=ct$ is only valid in special relativity. When we write down such a relation, we imagine a Cartesian coordinate system $(t,x,y,z)$, which in Newtonian mechanics would be associated with a particular observer's frame of reference. In general relativity, the counterpart of this would be a Minkowski coordinate frame, but such frames only exist locally. It is not possible to make a single frame of reference that encompasses both our galaxy and a cosmologically distant galaxy. General relativity is able to describe cosmology using cosmological models, and this description is successful in matching up with observations to a high level of precision. In particular, no objects are observed whose apparent ages are inconsistent with their distances from us.
One way of describing this difference between special relativity's $x=ct$ and the actual distance-time relationship is that we can think of the space between the galaxies as expanding. In this verbal description, we can imagine that as a ray of light travels from galaxy A to galaxy B, extra space is being created in between A and B, so that by the time the light arrives, the distance is greater than $ct$.
None of this has anything to do with inflation. Inflation makes certain testable predictions about cosmological observations (e.g., it predicts that the universe is spatially flat), but it's irrelevant for understanding why the radius of the observable universe has the size it does in comparison to the age of the universe. Inflation may not even be correct. If inflation turns out never to have happened, it will have no effect on this particular question.
It turns out that we can get a surprisingly good estimate of the size of the observable universe using a simplified FRW cosmological model consisting only of dust, i.e., nonrelativistic matter. The approximation is good because the universe has spent most of its history dominated by matter, with only a very short period early on that was radiation-dominated, and another fairly recent era that is dominated by the cosmological constant. In accord with the current observational data, we make a second approximation, which is that the universe is spatially flat. In a spatially flat FRW model, the $r-t$ part of the metric is of the form $ds^2=dt^2-a^2dr^2$, where the scale function $a$ depends on time. For a photon, $ds=0$, and we can then show that the proper distance traversed by a photon since shortly after the Big Bang is given by $L=a \int dt/a$. For a matter-dominated solution, $a$ is proportional to $t^{2/3}$, and we find $L=3t$. This is quite close to the $L/t$ ratio of about 3.3 given by the most realistic models. It also makes sense that the result is somewhat greater than 3, because the universe has now entered an era in which its expansion is accelerating. In the future, $L/t$ will become greater and greater.
The universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all physical matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space.
No one knows if the universe is infinitely large, or even if ours is the only universe there is.
Although our view of the universe is limited, our imaginations are not. Astronomers have indirect evidence that the universe of galaxies extends far beyond the region we can see. But no one knows if the whole universe is infinitely large - large beyond limit.
According to the leading theories, other parts of the universe may look very different from our own - and may even have different laws of nature. We may never be able to find out for sure. But it is possible that clues to the answer lie in plain view, just waiting to be discovered!
I should note also the "80 billion light years across" it doesn't count as a contradiction. I don't know what your reference is but I believe that this concerns the region that we can see yet of this Universe.
You can travel as close to the speed of light as you want, but (assuming you're made from matter) you can't travel at the speed of light or faster.
So there's no reason why galaxies can't be receding from each other at 99.9999% the speed of light. However, this isn't the whole story, as the expansion of spacetime can do funny things. The universe isn't actually expanding as you'd expect from everyday life, as a explosion would, and there wasn't a "single point" that you can point to and say "that's where the big bang happened", it happened where you're sitting, and on the dark side of the moon, and just around the corner from Alpha Centauri...everywhere in fact.
Picture a graph - the point on the graph aren't moving away from each other (ie point A goes from (1,1) to (2,2) and point B goes from (5,5 to 7,7)) - instead, the whole graph, piece of paper and all, is being stretched.
This stretching is allowed to happen faster than the speed of light, as no matter actually has to change coordinates for it to happen.
In relation to the title of your question, the best answer is to ask "compared to what?".
Yes this does sound like it might be a contradiction but in fact it isn't. It's because the universe has been expanding rapidly in every direction since the big bang and our observations are limited by the speed of light.
For example if we observe a distant quasar that appears to be 10 billion light years away, the light from the quasar is 10 billion years old (which is why quasars are known for being some of the most ancient phenomena in the universe). In the time it took for that light to reach us the universe has been expanding. In fact the expansion has been accelerating all that while so the distance between us and that quasar is at this present time considerably larger than 10 billion light years.
If we had a means to observe distant objects as they appear right at this instance, not only would we have a type of time machine but we might observe the universe to be 80 billion light years across, although I cannot vouch for the accuracy of the 80 billion light year figure given on the wikipedia page.
Astronomers and physicists also struggle with the question of "what is it that the universe expanding into". Is it expanding into empty space and if so is there anything that lies out there beyond our universe at some vast distance? If so, the universe may be infinite.
Or does the universe fold back in on itself on some higher dimensional plain i.e. if we had a hypothetical means to travel faster that the rate of the expansion of the universe and travelled in a straight line, would we eventually end up back in the same spot? In this scenario the universe would have a theoretical boundary at any one time.
This is not a contraction. Special Relativity does not say that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. Rather, it says that no regular matter can travel faster than the speed of light. Therefore, instead of thinking galaxies move away from each other, think that the space between them is increasing. That would mean that the space itself can beat the speed of light.
No, we are travelling slower in time relative to the object. This means when you do the maths the object can be regarded as stationary even though it is moving toward you.
protected by Qmechanic♦ Feb 22 '13 at 20:08
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Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be an Lie algebra of type G2. Are there some combinatorial ways to describe a basis of a $\mathfrak{g}$-module? For classical types, there is a method used tableaux. Thank you very much.
This paper constructs the representations of $G_2$ explicitly in terms of the Schur functor construction and multilinear operations: http://www.ams.org/journals/proc/1999-127-03/S0002-9939-99-04583-9/home.html
It doesn't give you a preferred basis in terms of tableaux though. For that, you might want to look at the book "Standard monomial theory" by Lakshmibai and Raghavan. But this is much less explicit. This paper of Littelmann does in much greater generality: http://www.ams.org/jams/1998-11-03/S0894-0347-98-00268-9/S0894-0347-98-00268-9.pdf
Assuming you are working in the classical setting over a field like $\mathbb{C}$, I'm unaware of any elementary way to identify a natural basis in each irreducible finite dimensional module. But using creative indirect methods via quantum groups, Lusztig was able to define such canonical bases for all Lie types (and Kashiwara arrived at related methods independently). While the actual construction of such bases in individual cases like $G_2$ is not easy to implement, it is in principle "combinatorial" and is "canonical" in a strong sense. Lusztig's 1990 paper is freely available online here. See in particular 0.6 in the introduction.
P.S. As Steven points out, Littelmann's work (in many papers worth consulting) provides a new combinatorial framework for many of the standard problems in characteristic 0 about representations of semisimple Lie algebras; much of this generalizes to symmetrizable Kac-Moody algebras as well. In particular, his path method provides an algorithmic way to work out bases and characters, though the best results are obtained in type A. Other powerful methods are those of Lusztig (canonical basis) and Kashiwara (crystal basis), which are closely related to each other. All of this work probably has more theoretical than practical interest. Whatever approach is used, even in type $G_2$ the dimensions of irreducible representations (computed readily from Weyl's formula) grow so rapidly that it's questionable how far one can go in practice toward finding explicit bases of weight spaces or gaining extra insight from them.
Another direction, that works (only?) for groups of rank at most 2, is Kuperberg's "spider" model: http://arxiv.org/abs/q-alg/9712003 . The web diagrams he constructs generalize tableaux, in the sense that the $A_1$ and $A_2$ versions are in bijection with tableaux (at least of rectangular shape). This is not quite the same as constructing representations via Schur functors, but it has a combinatorial appeal.


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Pretty awesome huh?
I've lost count of the number of times I've been asked - either by bar owners, or just experiment-loving whisky-geeks - whether we can get hold of little diddy casks for them to mature stuff in.
So – ladies and gents – here we are: 4 different cask sizes from 1 litre to 50 litres, all provided with a diddy little bung to go in the top of the cask, and all with a nice little tap from which to dispense your very own cask-aged products.
They're made from 100% Fresh Kentucky Oak, and have been toasted to a medium level (maybe medium-heavy). As with 'normal' casks, the ends are un-toasted. In the name of science, I took the hoops off one of the 5 litre ones and bashed it to bits for you to see the way they're charred for yourselves.
Tags: mini casks, Kentucky toasted oak, cask, oak, new release, wood
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text:
Collected by Patrick A. Todd Sung by Mrs. Helen Fultz
Mayfield, Arkansas
Accompanied by herself on Guitar and Mrs. Phydella Hogan, Fayetteville, Arkansas on banjo
Jan 1960 Reel 329, Item 16
1. My friend you've asked the question Why I'm silent, sad and still
Why my brow is always darkened Like a cloud upon a hill
2. Rein in your pony closer And I'll tell to you a tale Of Utah Carl my pardner
And his last ride on the trail
3. Mid Mesquite and the cactus In the Western fairy land Where the cattle roamed by the thousands In many a bunch and brand
4. There's a grave without a headstone Without either a date or a name Where my pardner sleeps in silence It's the land from where I came
5. Long we rode the range together Had ridden side by side I loved him as a brother And I wept when Utah died
6. Together we rode the roundups Cut out and burned the brands
When the dark and the stormy weather came We joined the night herd's dreary band
7. We were rounding up one morning And the work was nearly done
On the right the cattle started On a wild and maddened run.
8. The bosses little daughter Was herding on that side Rushed into stop the cattle And there's where Utah died
P. On the saddle of the pony
Where the bosses daughter sat Utah Carl that morning Had placed a red blanket10. That the saddle might ride easy For Lenore his little friend
But the blanket that he placed there Brought my pardner to his end
11. When Lenore rushed in with her pony To turn the cattle to the right The blanket slipped from under her And caught in her stirrup tight
12. When the cattle saw the blanket Almost trailing on the ground They were maddened in an instant And they charged it with a bound
13. When Lenore saw her danger She turned her pony's face And leaning from the saddle Tried the blanket to replace
14. While leaning from the saddle Fell in front of that wild tide "Lie still Lenore I'm coming"
Is the words my pardner cried
15. About fifty yards behind her Utah came riding fast Little did he think that moment This ride would be his last
16. Many times from out the saddle He had caught the trailing rope To raise Lenore at full speed Was Utah's only hope
17. As the horse approached the maiden Footsteps sure and stately bound Utah leaned from the saddle
To raise Lenore from the ground
18. Such a weight upon his cinches Had never been felt before
The hind cinch snapped assunder And he fell beside Lenore
19. Utah picked up the blanket And waving it o'er his head He started across the prairie Again "Lie still" he said
20. As he started across the prairie Every cowboy held his breath
For we knew the run he was making Either meant his life or death
(con' t)21. Quickly from out his scabbard For he was bound to fight While dying like a cowboy True and tried
22. His pistol flashed like lightning The report rang loud and clear
As the herd closed in upon him He dropped the leading steer
23. As the herd closed in around him My pardner had to fall
Never more to ride the ranges Or to sing the cattle call.
24. He must die upon the ranges His fate was awful hard
I could not make the distance In time to save my pard
25. I went in and knelt beside him For I knew his life was o'er And I faintly heard him murmur "I'm coming, lie still, Lenore"
26. These were Utah Carl's last words He had gone to the endless trail On the call of what was his duty With a nerve that could not fail
27. Some day there's a grand bright future I've heard the preacher say
And I know that my young pardner Won't be lost on that great day
28. For as a true cowboy
He was willing here to die And I know that my young pardner Has a home beyond the sky
Mrs. Fultz later said that she had lost her place and had repeated verses eleven and sixteen and had left out a verse (see below) that should have been sung between verses fourteen and fifteen.
We broke in upon the circle On that never forgotten day From a dozen wounds and bruises His young life ebbed away
Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical sections.


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I am interested in clean algorithms for approximating solutions and so I am interested in numerical analysis, but most of the books I have seen get bogged down in error analysis or they spend a lot of time and effort in squeezing an additional 2% efficiency from a classical algorithm. What are some works which just have the fundamental ideas and methods?
Are you looking for a reference that links the field of numerical analysis to mathematical concepts moreso than algorithmic concepts? Matrix Computations by Golub and Van Loan is a fairly important book that studies the algebraic structures of matrices and derives algorithms from those properties. If you're looking for an entry-level work, I keep a copy of Michael Heath's book Scientific Computing on my desk. It covers fundamental concepts and algorithms fairly well, in my opinion.
Do you have a specific problem domain in mind?
To augment Timur's answer:
I've picked these books for their balance of important algorithms and key insights, delivered with clear prose.
I also like Strikwerda's book on finite difference methods, and the Hairer-Wanner books on numerical methods for ODE. But these focus a lot on error analysis, which may not be what you wish.
One of my favorites is "Numerical Methods that Work" by Forman S. Acton. It's an old book; some of the examples seem quaint now that we have far more compute power. But the principles haven't changed.
Acton's book is good about illustrating technique, learning how to think like a numerical analyst.
My favorites:


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TOPEKA -- Thousands of good girls and boys of all ages are hoping they make Santa's 2012 Christmas Bureau list.
The Christmas Bureau has been connecting generous adopters with people in need since 1941. In its inception, 445 families were adopted. In 2011, the number of families assisted was 2,900. Over 9,000 men, women and children were adopted through a combination of private adoptions by individuals, church groups, and companies; and through collaboration with a myriad of community partners including: Salvation Army, Doorstep, Topeka Rescue Mission, Let's Help and others.
"The impact of Christmas Bureau on our community is amazing," said Miriam Krehbiel, United Way of Greater Topeka president and chief executive officer. "Everyone wins, from the family in need who is hoping for a Christmas miracle to the adopters who gain the joy of giving back."
At its core, Christmas Bureau is made possible by hundreds of volunteers who work together to make little miracles happen all throughout our community.
"Some of our volunteers are with us months in advance working to improve the Christmas Bureau experience for everyone," said Tom Baumgartner, United Way of Greater Topeka volunteer engagement director. "Our volunteers put in countless hours planning, helping families register, matching adopters to adoptees and wrapping presents. Our volunteers even help train other volunteers. It truly brings out the best in people." Most of our volunteer opportunities are about 4 hours in duration.
Volunteers rank high on Tom's wish list. Dozens of volunteers are still needed to assist with the intake process, which begins Friday, November 2nd at the Antioch Family Life Center (9:00am to 1:00pm) and Let's Help (3:00 till 7:00)
Intake ends on Saturday, November 10th. Data Entry for the Christmas Bureau happens at Let's Help in their computer lab and runs from November 5th through 13th. Shifts for Data Entry are from 1-5 P.M. or 5 to 8 P.M. during the week and 9-Noon and Noon-3 on Saturday November 10th.
To become a volunteer go to www.Unitedwaytopeka.org or contact Tom Baumgartner at 273-4804, extension 113.


text: Hi everybody, my name is Lilly and this is my very first tutorial! I'm really excited to present this tutorial, and I hope to do many more in the future! This tutorial will teach you how to draw a Horsea, one of my favorite Pokemon. Horsea is a water type Pokemon. Misty has made this Pokemon well known, as she cought one in the episode "Tentacool and Tentacruel." Horsea is known to use SmokeScreen, as they spit dark purple ink. Horseas are - as you can see - based off of a Seahorse. I hope you enjoy my tutorial on how to draw Horsea! Good luck!


text:
Hot (tuna) fun in the summertime
Time to load up the smoker
Daniel Powell 2:03 p.m., July 24
Image posted by Dave Rice
May 5, 2013
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text:
If I want to begin to play World of Warcraft, do I need to buy every update released from the beginning?
TL;DR Version:
But use the Trial Version first!
What's included to all subscribers:
Note that all Races are available to all players, even trial accounts.
These expansions will give you:
You only need the core game to start playing. This gives you access to the 8 original races (No Draenei, Blood Elves, Worgen, or Goblins), and 9 original classes (No Death Knights), and a level cap of 60.
To reach level 70, you will need The Burning Crusade, level 80 requires Wrath of the Lich King, and Cataclysm unlocks level 85. Each subsequent expansion requires that you have the prior ones. It is not possible to install Cataclysm without Wrath, or Wrath without Burning Crusade.
If you're aiming for raids and top level content, I advise you to buy all the expansions from the beginning.
If you want to explore the world with your friends, you could play 2-6 months just in the basic game (World of Warcraft). There are interesting places and plenty of content, even for low level characters. I think there was a sale a while ago: World of Warcraft, The Burning Crusade and Wrath of the Lich King for 20 Euros, you could try to wait for another one.
I HIGHLY recommend getting the trial before committing to all the games. It's true that you won't be able to play a Worgen, Goblin, Blood Elf, or Draenai right off the bat, but it's better than shelling out the cash for all the games and realizing 2 days in that the game really isn't for you.
Even though WoW is extremely popular, it's an acquired taste. If you've never played it or don't know very much about it, you're better off getting the trial.
If you enjoy the trial, I recommend going to the store (or on Amazon) and purchasing the hard copy of World of Warcraft & World of Warcraft Burning Crusade. It comes in a bundle pack with both the games and I think it costs somewhere around $20. If you buy each separately, then it'll cost more. I don't think there are bundles with Wrath of the Lich King and Cataclysm.
It's also important to note that you can't play an expansion without the previous expansion. Here are the releases in order: World of Warcraft World of Warcraft: Burning Crusade World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King World of Warcraft: Cataclysm
As of Oct 2014, all expansions except for the latest one (Warlords of Draenor) are free with the purchase of the base-game.
You only need Warlords of Draenor to reach the very end-game content, after level-90. However, note that the purchase of Warlords of Draenor includes a powerup to boost a single character to level 90 instantly.
protected by Community♦ Nov 18 '11 at 11:18
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text:
Are there travel sites constantly updated with safety tips and political situation of countries?
locked by mindcorrosive♦ May 16 '13 at 9:28
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Many countries have travel advice agencies run by their respective governments.
and so on. It's best to check the website for your particular country, as there can exist threats to your nationality that don't exist towards others (for example, anti-american sentiment, etc).
Generally the foreign affairs departement of your government will contain travel advice for countries, it's worth checking there. Not only that if you are going to somewhere dangerous, a lot of governments operate a service where you can register with the local embassy in event of emergency etc.
You can also check the your embassy web-site of a specific country, although that might depend on where you're from. Works for me at least (Dutch).
And regarding other kind of safety, weather and such, I was always prefer do check the reports on the country's local weather agency, it usually is more detailed and more oriented to each countries specific details (mountain, etc..).
The country/states government site mostly remains updated with the safety tips\road conditions. The political situations is not necessarily updated though.


text:
Every so often I will unlock my phone and notice an Icon is missing on my home screen. Upon further investigation it seems that I can always find it on the home screen to the left or right. My question is: how does this happen? I have tried everything I could possibly think of to reproduce moving the icon from screen to screen. It doesn't pertain to a particular icon or icon position, it can happen with any of them. Until recently I thought this didn't affect widgets but I noticed it happen with the Google search bar... It's not that big of a deal because I can quickly delete the icon and put a new one on the proper home screen. I just want to understand how this is happening, it has been going on long enough and frequently enough to make think it is not the phone but something I am doing. I have replaced my original DROID 3 times since I got it and have seen this problem since 2.0 on my the original one.
It's possible that you're long-pressing the icon and then sliding it over to the other screen. This is also how you could put it back where you want it without deleting and re-adding the icon/widget. Several times I've inadvertantly rested a finger on the keyboard long enough to bring up the menu.


text:
With your Easy Order, you're just a few clicks away from your favorite meal. You can edit your order and modify the details before checkout.
Click to view any of your recent online orders below so you can easily reorder or save one as your Easy Order.
An Easy Order is your favorite food order saved along with how you want to get it and how you want to pay, so you can order faster than ever next time.
You can add items, edit your order and modify your settings during checkout.
$[localOfferPrice]Order Now
store #$[storeID]
$[serviceMethod] hours
Tender bites of 100% whole breast white meat chicken topped with unique combinations of sauces, cheeses and toppings.
Something Special Just For You
Enter your email below and we'll send you a code for
50% off a Specialty Chicken
Are you sure you want to remove the Easy Order "$[easyOrderNickname]"?
For quality assurance purposes, the store may call you. Please enter a number where you can be reached.
Legal Notice Get faster access to your profile features such as recent orders and saved addresses.
You will have the opportunity to select "Keep me signed in" checkbox when you create a Pizza Profile or sign in to your existing Pizza Profile for a quicker ordering experience. By checking this box, you allow Domino's to provide you with a more personalized experience in which you will be greeted by your first name and presented with (i) your Easy Order™, (ii) a list of your recent orders and (iii) information about your local store. When you select "Keep me signed in", you will remain signed in to your Pizza Profile on that particular computer or device for up to six months or until you select the "sign out" link or clear your computer's or device's cookies. Although you are signed in to your Pizza Profile account, you will be prompted for your password if you attempt to perform a sensitive action such as modifying the personal information in your Pizza Profile account or completing an order using a stored credit card. If you change your mind about remaining signed in, simply select the "sign out" link to deactivate this feature.
NOTE: To prevent others from accessing your Pizza Profile account, Domino's does not recommend the use of this feature on any public or shared computer or device.
It's official,
You now have a Pizza Profile
It's official,
You now have a Pizza Profile
Congratulations $[firstName]! Your Pizza Profile has been created.
Just type in how many people are in your group and how many slices you'd like each person to have, and hit OK, and we'll estimate how many large pizzas you'll need.
$[numberOfPizzas] Pizzas = $[percentOff]% Off
We were unable to find the the address you entered in our system.
We have attempted to find the closest match and will replace the address you entered with a new address.
If the new address is incorrect, please contact your local store to place the order.


text:
The Minn Kota 1865106 MKR-19 waterproof circuit breaker protects the trolling motor from electrical damage. It features a 60 amp rating with manual reset, and is compatible with all 12-, 24- and 36-volt systems.
This product ships in 1 business day.
Add to Cart and enter your Postal Code to determine the shipping charges and estimated delivery date.
Most products and orders leave our warehouse in 1 business day. However, select items may take more processing time. Alaska and Hawaii orders please add 1 additional warehouse processing day.
Standard Shipping Policies


text:
Slotting Your Next Move - Improving Warehouse Picking Efficiency
July 14, 2011
When slotting a warehouse, slow movers are not to be overlooked, as they typically constitute 70-80% of total items. A slow moving item is often characterized as one with few hits, or visits to the pick location. In instances where slow moving items take up the majority of space in a warehouse, it is critical that the items be slotted in a manner that facilitates intelligent slow mover picking. There are a number of techniques that can be employed to reduce selector travel and to increase pick density including layout configurations, selection strategies, and golden zoning considerations.
Through an evaluation of slow mover activity, one can determine the best size for a slow moving area and the picking techniques best suited for that area. Slow moving areas are often defined by cross aisles in the pick path that allow selectors to avoid travelling the entire length of the pick path. Picking techniques in the slow moving areas often differ from those in the fast moving areas. Batch picking often makes more sense in slow moving areas to increase pick density. Height or golden zone considerations are crucial in many pick to cart or pick to belt areas. Often pick to cart or pick to belt areas for slow movers are completely separate from the main fast moving area where orders are picked singularly in waves.
Slotting Your Next Move - Improving Warehouse Picking Efficiency Sponsored by:


text:
I have used SRS for learning stuff in other subjects like History and Language in the past (Using Anki). It seems like a good deal since I get punched with something I was about to forget at the point where I could remember it.
Will SRS help in learning math on my own?
The reason I ask (as opposed to trying directly) are:
The heart of SRS is composing questions. In history, I'd need it for dates and venues. Like The Normandy landings took place on?. How should one compose questions for using SRS in mathematics? I don't think asking problems is a good idea since it can mislead the learner. For instance, asking the learner Derivative of $x^n$ is? might prompt him to answer that the derivative of $\pi^4$ is $4\pi^3$.
Theorems are really important but how do you frame them into multiple choice questions?
(I do realize that Math is about understanding rather than memorizing but I quote John Neumann : "Young man, in mathematics you don't understand things. You just get used to them.")


text:
(I had no idea how to tag this, any help would be great) :)
I am a programmer with little math experience beyond high school - this will be demonstrated by my explanation.
I am developing an application that needs a formula. The formula involves calculating what amounts of food to eat based on factors like calories and concentrations of macronutrients (carbs, protein, fats).
Since there are other calculations need that aren't relevant to main problem, I have abstracted it into the following word problem. Here it is:
Your job is to keep your store, Colorful Widgets, Inc., supplied with widgets. There are four suppliers that you can order from every month. There is a set ratio of colors that must be met as closely as possible to match sales expectations. The ratio is:
Target Color Ratios: 40% Red widgets 40% Blue widgets 20% Yellow widgets
The catch is that each supplier offers shipments of mixed colors in different ratios, with each company specializing in one color. Here are the ratios available from the suppliers:
Mostly Red Widgets, Inc. 86% Red 11% Blue 03% Yellow
Acme Widgets, Inc (Limit 3 boxes) 79% Red 09% Blue 20% Yellow
Mostly Blue Widgets, Inc. 15% Red 77% Blue 08% Yellow
Mostly Yellow Widgets, Inc. 10% Red 00% Blue 90% Yellow
All four companies sell their widgets in boxes containing 100 widgets each. Boxes cannot be split into smaller amounts. You need to order 24,000 widgets, with the total ratio of colors matching the targets laid out above.
You have a contract with the first three companies - they must be ordered from every month, no exceptions. The fourth (Mostly Yellow Widgets, Inc.) is a stop gap - if your total ratio is low on yellow widgets, you can order from them.
Additionally, Acme Widget, Inc. makes the best widgets, but only in limited quantity. You must order 3 boxes from them each ordering cycle.
I understand that this problem probably will not have a neat and tidy catch-all formula. Even if there is no formula for this problem with it's restrictions, there should be a formula or something that will help with the problem of combining three different ratios in such a way to come as close as possible to the target ratio.
I also understand that if the target ratios or ratios of suppliers change too much, a solution may not be possible.


text:
For the circle $S^1$, it is well-known that the Laplace-Beltrami operator $\Delta=\text{ div grad}$ has a discrete spectrum consisting of the eigenvalues $n^2,n\in \mathbb{Z}$, as can be seen from the eigenfunction basis $\{\exp(in\theta)\}$.
This is not quite the case in $\mathbb{R}$; the spectrum of $\Delta$ there is $[0,\infty)$. This is because there is a family of "step" eigenfunctions that vary continuously and give out all the eigenvalues we need. But I was wondering, is there a more geometric reason (perhaps related to the properties of $\Delta$) as to why the spectrum is continuous in this case?


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I have several chat rooms. Currently, I store the list of chat users in a php variable. If a user enters or leaves the room, the user's name is added/removed from that list. To make this storage persistent, I use memcached. To update the status of the chat room and send the user list to all users in the chat room, I use periodical ajax requests that fetch the user list into the browsers of the users who are in the chat.
It works okay. But I doubt that sending the whole list of chat users to everybody every XX seconds is a good idea if there are a couple of hundred people in the chat.
How are chat rooms usually dealing with this problem?


text:
How do I make candy shells like M&Ms or Reese's Pieces have?
You can give your candies hard shells by dipping them into a melted mixture of one part water, two parts sugar, and 1/2 part corn syrup. Melt those ingredients together over medium to medium-high heat until the sugar has totally dissolved and the mixture is at the hard crack stage (295-310° F./146-154° C.). Remove your pot of glaze from the heat and place it into a waiting metal bowl of ice water. Once the glaze has stopped bubbling, begin dipping your candies immediately. Once dipped, set them on an appropriate, lightly greased surface to cool (use a flavorless oil or kitchen spray for greasing).
You'll want to skewer your candies to dip them; never attempt to dip candies into hot glaze by hand. You'll also want to set everything up for dipping before you make your glaze: have your bowl of ice water ready; have a greased tray or marble slab/counter ready to receive your dipped candies; have your kitchen to yourself (distractions aren't good when working with hot glaze).
Your glaze will cool very quickly, so work carefully but efficiently.


text:
Because Area 51 encourages off-topic questions, and users receive rep when their questions are voted off-topic, have we created a haven for trolls? A user could post countless absurd questions throughout the site and rapidly rise to 10K status. Are these the people we want to trust with semi-mod powers?
(I am not posting specific examples because I don't want to a) feed the trolls, and b) single anyone out)
More thoughts:
A good off-topic question is one that is almost on topic. These are useful, and posting them and voting on them should be encouraged. There are lots of bad questions that are obviously off-topic. It's very easy to write bad questions, and they are easily identified. I am concerned that lots of overtly bad questions will be posted, and these will get lots of votes. I don't think this is helpful, and has the side effect of elevating the users who post them.


text:
In SSL protocols, both symmetric and asymmetric algorithms are used. Why is it so? The symmetric algorithms are more secure and easier to implement. Why are asymmetric algorithms usually preferred in key exchange?
Say you encrypt a message with a key $k$.
The critical difference is this. Say you want to send me a message:
In summary, symmetric encryption requires the sender and receiver to share a secret key. Achieving that safely, can be a real problem. Asymmetric encryption only requires the sender and receiver to share a public key. Achieving that safely, is much more straightforward.
Finally, as mikeazo said, asymmetric encryption is enormously slow, compared to symmetric encryption.
So, say you want to send me a very long message, using asymmetric encryption. Here's what you'd actually do:
(1) Pick a random key for use with a symmetric (fast) cipher. Encrypt your message using that (fast) cipher and key. Send me that encrypted message.
(2) Then use asymmetric (slow) encryption to encrypt the following message and send it to me:
Now I (the recipient) use my private key to decrypt (2). This gives me the information necessary to decrypt (1) - voila! Only a small amount of information was encrypted using asymmetric (slow) encryption. The bulk of the data was encrypted using symmetric (fast) encryption. And none of this data needed a secure channel. You could publish all of this data on the front page of the New York Times, with no loss of security.
To use a symmetric algorithm for encryption or key-exchange in a way that is secure (i.e. no observer can read the data), both parties (i.e. Alice and Bob) need to have some pre-existing common secret which is not known to any other party (i.e. Eve).
There are such pre-shared key algorithms, and they can be used with SSL. But they are not useful for the general internet SSL usage (i.e. HTTPS), since usually client and server don't have any common secrets.
Asymmetric algorithms like Diffie-Hellman or RSA key exchange allow the creation of such common secrets (and to be secure, only one of the partners - usually the server - needs an authenticated key, which can be done by the usual public-key infrastructure).
Actually there is a symmetric key exchange protocol named "Kerberos". It requires a trusted 3rd party, just like a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) requires trusted certificate authorities (CA). There are some key differences:
In addition to what Paulo said, symmetric encryption is much faster than asymmetric. Thus, it is typical to use asymmetric to exchange a symmetric key, then use the symmetric key to encrypt all the data. There is no way you could get over 15000 kbits/s (or over 8000 Mbits/s using a GPU) throughput using RSA.
Note that theoretically you could just use RSA to encrypt long messages, but it would be much less efficient for the reasons I stated above.
In summary, each type of encryption has its benefits. Asymmetric makes it quite easy to establish a shared key, but would be far to slow for encrypting large messages. Symmetric is very fast when encrypting large messages (comparatively), but cannot be used to share a secret key (unless you already have a shared secret key).
How would that work? I want to access Amazon securely using a symmetric algorithm. What do I use as the key?
Symmetric algorithms require a shared secret, something the two parties can know that no attacker can know. Without one, you need an asymmetric algorithm.


text:
Rondo: Wade 'sold' hard foul in season opener
By The Associated Press
Not a subscriber? You can purchase a single-day subscription for only $0.75 to read this and access all of our content and our E-Edition. CLICK HERE purchase a single day subscription.
Become an electronic subscriber to the Republican-American for only $8 a month. CLICK HERE.


text:
I need an intuitive icon which represents "more" ITEMS (or "more items like this") (or other "similar" items to this item). I have space constraints on the screen, so I can't exactly use a label.
closed as off topic by Rahul♦ May 19 '12 at 12:30
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You could combine the ellipsis and a right arrow as follows - where the arrow is similarly styled to the ellipsis - same height lines as dot diameter, same curvature, same colour, same spacing.
larger version:
[edit] After Philip's comment below, I added the downward versions just to compare and contrast...
As far as I know, the "icon" that's used a lot for this purpose is a simple ellipsis (...), probably as a contraction of "More..." or "Show more..."
Also popular are all sorts of arrows pointing in the direction where the additional content will be loaded.
Plus signs are also occasionally used.
Overall, it seems to depend largely on context. If the content is loaded below the button, an arrow pointing in that direction may be appropriate.
If the loaded content is "more of the same," an ellipsis may be a logical indicator, but if it's somthing that extends the currently visible information, but is not necessarily similar in nature, a plus may be more appropriate.
This is my approach, ellipsis with some background color.
I would actually use multiple offset versions of whatever you have more of, like this:
So for the example above, if you have a list of pages/documents, I would use something like this as an indicator of "more."


text:
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Suggested Use: One softgel daily with or without food. Additional benefits can be gained with up to 4 softgels daily.
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Our premium softgel capsules are prepared without any chemical solvents and are BSE free.
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The Body in the Bonfire (Mass Market Paperbound)
Caterer and small-town minister's wife Faith Fairchild might never have accepted the job teaching a course on Cooking for Idiots at Mansfield Academy had it not been for Daryl Martin. An African-American student at the prestigious prep school, Daryl has lately become the target of a series of vicious and anonymous racial attacks -- and Faith is determined to put an end to the injustice. But Mansfield, she finds, is a seething cauldron of secrets, academic in-fighting, and unspoken rules that complicate her task. When someone tampers with her classroom cooking ingredients -- and then the remains of her prime suspect are discovered smoldering in a campus bonfire -- she realizes that a monstrous evil is stalking both Daryl and the school. And suddenly Faith's own life is in serious jeopardy as well!
About the Author
Katherine Hall Page is the author of twenty-one previous Faith Fairchild mysteries and a collection of short fiction, Small Plates. She has won multiple Agatha Awards and has been nominated for the Edgar, the Mary Higgins Clark, the Maine Literary, and the Macavity Awards. She lives in Massachusetts and Maine with her husband.


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Political commentator Cokie Roberts to deliver Eugene J. McCarthy Lecture
Cokie Roberts, political commentator for ABC News, will deliver the seventh annual Eugene J. McCarthy Lecture titled "Conscience and Courage in Public Life" at 7:30 p.m. Wednesday, Sept. 18, in the Stephen B. Humphrey Theater on the SJU campus. The lecture is open to the public.
Donald McNeely Center presents entrepreneur awards to outstanding graduates
The Donald McNeely Center for Entrepreneurship of the College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University will present its third Entrepreneur of the Year awards to outstanding graduates at a luncheon from 11:15 a.m.-2 p.m. on Thursday, Sept. 5, at the Depot Renaissance Minneapolis Hotel. Receiving this year's awards are Lisa Spoden '83, Michael J. Wethington '79 and Bill Kling '64.
Where are CSB/SJU graduates now?
Career Services looks forward to the year ahead and partnering with you to let you know about events and resources in Career Services that your son or daughter should know about. One new resource we are excited about is the Graduate Outcomes Database where you can search records to find out what opportunities CSB/SJU graduates have landed after graduation.
This reminder might save you money
All CSB and SJU students are required to have medical insurance while attending college. Failure to provide proof of medical insurance coverage information will result in an automatic, non-refundable enrollment in the Student Assurance Services and Sickness Policy, and the annual premium either has been or will be billed to your son or daughter's tuition account. Make sure that you fill out the insurance waiver on the Forms Portal at https://apps.csbsju.edu/enrolledstudents/Login.aspx.
Alcuin and Clemens Library staff are excited to help your daughters and sons. Students can come to the library for one-on-one research assistance; check out books, DVDs and media equipment; work on group projects; use a computer; or just relax in our comfortable chairs. Our welcoming staff is available to answer any and all of their questions.
CSB/SJU nursing students attend summer program at Mayo Clinic
Two CSB and one SJU nursing students participated in the "2013 Summer III Nursing Externship at the Mayo Clinic" in Rochester, Minn. These students - Kelsey McQuillan, Tyler Greguson and Marit Fraune - were three of 111 students nationwide selected from more than 900 applicants.
CSB/SJU has launched our own private network for ride sharing. The site is powered by Zimride, the largest ride-sharing network in the U.S. CSB and SJU students can access the site by going to www.zimride.com/csbsju. Students simply use their school email address to gain access, and can enter a ride, as a passenger or driver, to see how the system works. This site will save students many dollars in transportation costs, when they share the ride. Encourage your daughter or son to share the ride with other students at CSB and SJU.
More than 1,450 guests attended the All-School Reunion at CSB June 28-30. The reunion was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to celebrate 100 years of women's education and the sisterhood of Saint Ben's. The event attracted Bennies from 38 states and seven countries and ages ranging from 18 to 97. The weekend included a concert, special kickoff event and a gala awards ceremony and dinner which featured four reunion award recipients and 14 centennial award recipients.
SJU Dining Services has a variety of snack options available for you to treat your student. Our online order form makes it easy.


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Houston Rockets Conference Semifinals Home Game 3 (Cancelled)Thu, May 9, 2013 - TBAToyota Center - TX in Houston, TX
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Women's Hoops Suffers 80-67 Defeat against CatawbaFebruary 15, 2014
ANDERSON, S.C. – Facing a hot-shooting opponent for the second straight contest, Anderson University women's basketball dropped its second straight game, falling to Catawba 80-67 in South Atlantic Conference action Saturday afternoon at the Abney Athletic Center.
The Indians shot an astounding 58.3 percent (28-for-48) from the floor and 50 percent (6-for-12) from 3-point range en route to their second win over the Trojans this season. Catawba's win breaks the three-way tie, which included AU, for sixth-place in the league standings, moving to 11-10 on the season and 9-8 in league play. Anderson stumbles to 12-11 overall and 8-9 in the SAC.
Just one Trojan found double figures as junior Sierra Simpson was a point shy of tying her career-high, finishing with 17 on 8-of-19 shooting in 35 minutes. Freshman forward Alexis Dillard added nine points with a perfect 7-for-7 performance from the free throw line, while grabbing eight rebounds. Junior Jasmine Franklin posted her first game with double figure rebounds, hauling in 12 boards as Dillard and Franklin combined for 20 of Anderson's 33 rebounds.
The outside shooting the Trojans have relied on recently was not found, as AU totaled just three 3-pointers for the contest, tallying its lowest total treys since making 1-of-12 against USC Aiken on Nov. 18. Sophomore Madison Floyd went 2-of-3 from behind the arc en route to eight points.
Anderson's lone bright spot offensively was its 18-for-19 mark from the free throw line, as Dillard, Franklin (4-for-4), Nakia Young (2-for-2) and Simpson (1-for-1) went perfect from the charity stripe for the game. With the Black and Gold capitalizing on the trips to the line, AU tallied its highest free throw percentage of the 2013-14 campaign at 94.7 percent.
Catawba posted three players in double digits led by Zhaquondalee Greer with 16 points, highlighted by a 6-for-6 afternoon from the free throw line. Sharpshooter Chloe Bully netted 15 points, including two 3-pointers and senior center Antionette McPhail tallied 12 points to go along with seven rebounds.
As the Trojans took a 4-2 lead in the early parts of the opening half, Catawba stirred an 8-0 run, highlighted by four quick points from McPhail in the span. The Indians held onto the lead until the 10:17 mark when freshman Heather Jankowy dropped in a pair of free throws, evening up the score at 17-17.
After playing to another tie, Anderson would eventually regain the lead at the 7:16 mark when Simpson scored a fast break lay-in to make the score 24-23. Following the basket, Catawba's Emma Ucinski made 1-of-2 from the free line to draw the score even for the fifth time in the half.
The Indians controlled the remainder of the period, outscoring AU 12-6 in the final five minutes, taking a 36-30 lead into halftime. The halftime deficit marked the ninth time this season the Trojans have been down after 20 minutes of play, having only mounting a comeback once this year.
Catawba's shooting continued into the second half, as it took its first double digit advantage with 15:05 remaining when Khadijah Brown notched a jumper, sending the score to 42-32. After the bucket, the Trojans began to inch back with a quick 6-0 run with Simpson scoring all six points. Despite Simpson cutting into the Catawba led, it was the closest the Trojans would come for the reminder of the afternoon.
After Greer handed the Indians their second 10-point advantage with 10:28 left, Catawba recorded its largest lead of the game after Bully drained a 3-pointer with 2:44 remaining to put the game out of reach. The Trojans would bring the deficit to nine in the final two minutes, but was unable to keep up with the visitor's shooting performance.
With the setback, AU drops its third straight game and falls to 1-7 to Catawba since joining the SAC prior to the 2010-11 season.
Anderson has a short cool down period before it takes to the court on Monday as it welcomes Mars Hill to the Electric City. Tip-off from the Abney Center is set for 6 p.m.


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Workshop presented by Deborah Phillips, HR Consultant
Work. It's such an important part of our lives. And not just because of the money. Work gives life meaning and purpose. It contributes to our sense of worth…our self-concept…even our mental and physical health. Work helps keep us centered – grounded – and that's so valuable during these times of chaotic change. But here's the paradox: The only way our work can carry this kind of positive, steadying influence on our day-to-day lives is for us to keep changing our approach to the job. As the world evolves, so must we. Learn how to make visible contributions beyond the boundaries of your immediate assignments. Here's just a few of the ground rules you'll discuss:
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Program approved for COT Development Credit.
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Can you help with this Sherlock Holmes-type animal problem?
We put a catflap in the stormdoor to our sunroom for our cat to have a place to keep dry & eat if she spends the night outside. The sunroom is attached to the house, but separated from it by a good outside door--no access for the cat to the house itself. As soon as we put in the cat flap and food, we discovered all the food gone in the morning, two cat treat bags slashed open (not gnawed, just one long slash each), & stuff knocked off a table. Our cat had been inside, so we knew it was another animal. Next night, we locked the cat flap. In the morning the food was gone. The next night, we locked the storm door itself. Again, the food was gone. All the windows have screens and secure windows, all untouched. The sunroom itself has no visible holes anywhere. I know mice can get into quarter-sized spaces, but it's no mouse that slashed the foil treat bags or knocked down a water pitcher. What's your take on this? It seems I'll need a security camera to figure this one out. ???
18 Answers answer
Cats are pretty good at squeezing into small spaces too: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=_WVBo2Wp6fo
It would be very hard to give you any answer unless we could see your sunroom.
Also, have you considered the possibility that your house is kitty haunted?
I've got a somewhat similar issue myself. We've got two birds in my house, both of whom have their wings clipped. We keep finding bird poop in the most random places, far away from the cage. We've found it on various walls throughout the house, on a door on the opposite end of the house, on the fridge...
What makes it strange is that the droppings are fairly high up (relative to bird height) yet not streaked. It baffles us, because even if the birds could fly, it wouldn't make sense for the droppings to not sink a bit. But there's just no way they could have hit any of those places, yet they have.
We've concluded we have demon birds.
But with your issue, search the room. Maybe a wild animal got in and is hiding. Or perhaps your cat is a diabolical genius.
@pamfenway - I'm guessing you've got a raccoon. Raccoons are well known for eating cat food and they have claws, which would allow them to slash bags open. Small ones might be able to squeeze through really small holes, or maybe they're getting in from a hole you haven't seen...maybe up high/near the roof/ceiling?
I'm with gt0163c it sounds like raccoons.
It's elementry dear Watson, you have got a "cat burglar."
@gt0163c: I'm inclined to think it's a raccoon too--we've got plenty around here. It's just I can't find any hole large enough for them to fit through. This weekend we'll hopefully have some good weather & can examine this room top to bottom. With the rain we've been getting, you'd think we'd know if there was a hole somewhere!
@jesseroo Gotta love those animal youtube videos! I recently watched one where the cat was able to open the freezer door, that's why I made sure the sunroom door itself was locked!
@thedogma: Demon birds! Or perhaps very innovative ones--capable of, um, doing the bird-poop-equivalent of projectile vomiting.
There's not much in way of hiding places, just a table and a few outdoor chairs. But maybe I should check that cat litter bag... (sorta creeps me out just thinking about it!)
@gt0163c: I agree, definitely a raccoon. They are crafty little critters!
Do any of your neighbors have little kids? Those little buggers will eat anything... More realistically, I agree with raccoon.
Is it bad that I looked at this question mostly because my brain went "Oh!" when it saw Sherlock Holmes? Probably.
I agree with raccoon, or it could be an opossum as well. They're both sneaky little buggers who had no qualms about stealing cat food I used to leave out to feed strays when I was a kid.
Set up a video camera and you'll get to see the culprit in action.
Okay. I don't know what your cat flap looks like, so I don't know what is possible.
I have a cat door into my garage, which I locked at night. Raccoons got in anyway. Baffled at how they managed, I watched from the steps into the garage the next night. Mama raccoon came up to the cat door, found it locked, then simply used a claw to probe around the edge of the cat door until she found the bottom edge of the lock, then flipped it until it opened, and in she came! When she saw me she panicked and tried to go back through the flap, but she had flipped it to a setting that locked it from the inside. Since the lock was on the inside, it took her two seconds to grab the lock and flip it open, and out she went.
After that, I added a storm door to the outside of the garage door, which I close at night. So far the 'coons have been unable to open it because the bottom 4 feet is steel and the latch is too high for them to jump and open.
@adadavis: Wow! That is amazing! DH wondered about that & installed 2 additional screws to the cat flap lock, thinking there's NO WAY they'd be able to come in with the additional screws. (This before this morning's discovery.) I will definitely have to check that out.
Are you sure the racoon or opossum has even left the room in the first place?
@jkaleda: I suppose there's a possibility it's hiding behind some fold-up chairs, but I doubt it. The cat flap is not locked to go out, only in, the sunroom. And now I've got too much of the willies to even consider checking w/o DH here! The idea of it's making a home in our sunroom is particularly creepy because we often leave the door from the house to the sunroom open during the day. While this mystery continues, though, there's no way that's gonna happen again any time soon!
why not buy a catch-them-alive trap and find out that way?
@dempsie: That's a good idea. Didn't think they had such things for larger animals!
An update to anyone interested: Last night I kept lights and a radio on in the sunroom throughout the night & the food still remains in the bowl this morning.
Clearly you have a baskerville hound infestation.
(Four days and nobody picked this low-hanging fruit already? You're slipping, wooters.)
@urocyon: Nice one. :)


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I am trying to show that $C[0,1],$ the space of all real - valued continuous functions with the sup metric is not sequentially compact with the sup metric by showing that the sequence $f_n = x^n$ has no convergent subsequence. The sup metric $\|\cdot\|$ is defined as
$$\|f - g \| = \sup_{x \in [0,1]} |f(x) - g(x)|$$
where $|\cdot|$ is the ordinary Euclidean metric. Now I know that $f_n \rightarrow f$ pointwise, where
$$f = \begin{cases} 0, & 0 \leq x < 1 \\ 1, & x = 1.\end{cases}$$
However $f \notin C[0,1]$ so this means by theorem 7.12 of Baby Rudin that $f_n$ cannot converge to $f$ uniformly. However how does this tell me that no subsequence of $f_n$ can converge to something in $C[0,1]$?


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WEIRTON - Edison scored six first-half touchdowns, three in each quarter, and went on to hand homestanding Weir High its third straight loss of 2013, 46-14, Friday night at Jimmy Carey Stadium.
The victory puts the Wildcat record at 2-1 and sets the stage for the upcoming Buckeye Eight Conference portion of their schedule.
Coach Tony Filberto's Red Riders sustained a rash of injuries in the loss to Harrison Central last week by the same score and came out with a completely different backfield and replacements on the line and at wide receiver. The Riders now have lost 13 straight games over two seasons.
Article Photos
LOOKING FOR ROOM — Edison's Ethan Shannon looks for room during the first quarter of Friday's 46-14 win over Weir High at Jimmy Carey Stadium. Shannon finished with 183 yards and two touchdowns. --
"You can find lots of excuses - our kids are hurt and we're young, but all you can do is worry about the kids that are with you and I thought our kids played hard," Filberto said. "We just couldn't get three plays in a row together. You know, we would have two good plays and break down the third play, but I'm proud of them. This was a completely different team from last week."
On the other side, Edison first-year coach, Derrick Stickles, was glad to see his team snap back from its first loss last week.
"Yeah, we're happy about getting a win, but we still made mistakes," Stickles explained. "We'll check the film and correct some of the mistakes we made and move on."
Fact Box
Edison 46, Weir 14
Edison 20 19 7 0 - 46
Weir 0 0 7 7 - 14
E: Marcus 1 run (Marcus kick)
E: Springer 58 pass from Marcus (kick failed)
E: Springer 42 pass from Marcus (kick failed)
E: Leggett 3 run (Marcus kick)
E: Shannon 1 run (kick failed)
E: Leggett 1 run (Marcus kick)
E: Shannon 67 run (Marcus kick)
W: Bennett 22 pass from Wypasek (Shingle kick)
W: Enrietti 15 run (Shingle kick)
RUSHING: Edison 30-253-5 (Shannon 9-187-2, Marcus 6-53, Leggett 2-2-2, Steels 4-(-14), Robinson 4-(-1), Bryan 3-26, Daley 1-3, Rogers 2-(-3). Weir 43-90 (Hartman 24-73, Wypasek 13-1, Enrietti 5-15-1, Murphy 1-1.
PASSING: 3-7-106-2-0 (all by Marcus). Weir 3-14-32-1-2x (Wypasek 3-13-32-1-2x, Enrietti 0-1-0-0-0)
RECEIVING: Edison: Springer 2-100-2, Shannon 1-6. Weir: Spencer 1-8, Bennett 2-24-1.
FIRST DOWNS: Edison 8, Weir 8
PENALTIES: Edison 5-45, Weir 2-10
FUMBLES: Edison 0-0, Weir 0-0
The Wildcats scored on each of the four possessions they had in the first half with long drives and big plays. The Edison offense took advantage of what the Red Rider defense gave them.
"The way we run our offense we are very adaptable," said Stickles. "Us lining up on the ball every single play forces them to line up and that gives us a chance to look at their defense and decide what play is best for us. We're about running high percentage plays that are going to be successful on every down."
Filberto noted that his club used a high risk defense and doing that means there isn't much to stop the opposition once they get beyond the line of scrimmage.
The Wildcats got a short Weir High kickoff to open the game and set up the first drive of the game at the Red Rider 48-yard line. They drove the 48 yards in eight plays with senior quarterback going into the end zone on a sneak from one yard out. Big plays in the drive were by junior running back, Russell Shannon, on a 17-yard run and a 16-yarder by Marcus. The talented Marcus kicked the extra point giving the Wildcats a 7-0 lead less than two and a half minutes into the game.
The Red Riders moved the ball from their own 37 to the Edison 47 on the next possession, but Shannon picked off a Jake Wypasek pass that was deflected at the line of scrimmage.
Wypasek, a sophomore, was inserted into the lineup because William Larch, the Weir High starting signal caller, had concussion symptoms received when he scored a touchdown a week earlier against Harrison Central.
Three plays after the interception, Markus found a streaking Rich Springer wide open down the middle of the field for a 58 pass and run touchdown connection. The Marcus extra point kick failed, but the Wildcats held a 13-0 lead at the halfway point of the first quarter.
Wypasek, who completed three of 13 passes including a 22-yard touchdown toss, was picked off for the second time in the first quarter by Anthony Scalise to set up Edison's third score of the opening stanza.
With the ball at the Red Rider 42, Marcus hit Springer again with the touchdown pass, this time from 42 yards out, that increased the score to 19-0.
Senior running back, Jevin Leggett got the call for Edison's fourth touchdown. He rammed over right guard from the three and when Marcus booted another extra point the Wildcats held a commanding 26-0 lead.
That score was set up when Weir High freshman punter, Cody Enrietti, got a bad snap and could only run the ball out to the Weir High 38.
Shannon, who finished the night with 178 yards rushing, got into the scoring act with a 1-yard plunge for the fifth Wildcat touchdown.
Enrietti had backed up the Wildcats to their own 15 with a punt, but Shannon broke loose on the first play of the possession for 82 yards shaking several tacklers en route.
"Shannon is a great kid, a hard worker, and any chance I have to get him the football we're going to do that," Stickles said of the bruising junior running back. "We're surrounded by a lot of athletes, but the performance Ethan put on tonight-that run where he cut back, got downfield and punished one of the defenders, it's amazing. He's one heck of an athlete and I'm looking forward to seeing how he progresses throughout the remainder of the season."
Leggett bulled his way over left guard for another 1-yard touchdown to arm the Wildcats with a 39-0 halftime lead.
The Wildcats made it 46-0 with the first play of their first possession of the second half when Shannon got loose on a sweep for 67 yards.
Enter the Edison reserves and the Red Riders scored with three seconds left in the third quarter on a Wypasek to Clarence Bennett aerial of 22 yards. Alyssa Shingle booted the extra point.
Enrietti, who was inserted as quarterback in the fourth quarter, scored Weir High's other touchdown on a 15-yard run. Single made good on the kick again.
Marcus finished the night completing five of nine passes for 143 yards and two touchdowns. He also ran the ball seven times for 49 yards.
Junior Matt Hartman, a transfer from Brooke High, replaced the injured Kameron Davis at running back for the Red Riders and got the ball for 22 rushes. He got 66 yards and some accolades from Filberto.
"I think we found a back," Filberto said about the 160-pounder.
"He looked good. He stuck it up in there and ran hard. He looks like a good back that will get a lot of time with us and do a lot of good things for us."
Weir High continues its home stand next Friday entertaining Grafton while the Wildcats travel to Bellaire for a Saturday afternoon game.


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Why didn't Noach Daven to save his generation like Avraham Davened for Sodom?
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From Torah Insights for Shabbat Parshat Noach 5758 by Rabbi Aaron Borow:
Another Answer
From Jewish Values in a Changing World by Harav Yehuda Amital zt"l:
(this is similar to Monica's comment)
There is a popular idea (I don't know an actual source for it) that Noach was the classic "tzaddik in a fur coat." The metaphor used is that when the house is cold, you can do one of two things: wrap yourself in a warm coat, ensuring your own comfort but ignoring everyone else's; or build a fire (or turn on the heater, etc.) so that everyone benefits. Similarly, then, Noach was concerned about his own righteousness and that of his immediate family, but not so much about everyone else.
[It is true that, as the Gemara (Sanhedrin 108a) and other sources note, that Noach did reprove them throughout the 120 years that he spent building the ark. However, the Lubavitcher Rebbe zt"l explains (Likkutei Sichos, vol. 15, pp. 40-41) that he did so not out of real concern for them, but simply because G-d had commanded him to do so.]
That said, the Zohar (1:67b-68a) cites a discussion between R. Yitzchak and R. Yehudah on this point. R. Yitzchak indeed contrasts Noach unfavorably with Moshe, who prayed for his generation and averted Hashem's wrath against them; R. Yehudah counters that even Moshe was unable to find sufficient merit among his contemporaries, and had to appeal to the merit of the Avos - who of course hadn't yet been born in Noach's time. In another of his talks (Likkutei Sichos, vol. 25, pp. 21-22), the Rebbe notes that R. Yitzchak is not actually faulting Noach for his inaction, since indeed he was laboring under the constraint that R. Yehudah mentions as well as several others described in the Zohar there; he is simply pointing out that we should not use him as a role model.)


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NDSolve has an interface for repeatedly solving an equation with different initial conditions without having to analyze the equation and set up the solving algorithm each time. This can improve performance dramatically. For example,
In[1]:= nd = First@NDSolve`ProcessEquations[{y'[t] == -y[t], y[0] == 1}, {y}, t]
Out[1]= NDSolve`StateData[<0.>]
In[2]:= solve[y0_] := Module[{}, nd = First@NDSolve`Reinitialize[nd, y[0] == y0];
NDSolve`Iterate[nd, 1]; NDSolve`ProcessSolutions[nd]]
In[3]:= Timing[NDSolve[{y'[t] == -y[t], y[0] == #}, {y}, {t, 0, 1}] & /@Range[0.001, 1, 0.001]] // First
Out[3]= 0.527396
In[4]:= Timing[solve /@ Range[0.001, 1, 0.001]] // First
Out[4]= 0.250309
Is there an analogous interface to
NIntegrate that would allow me to process the integral once, then do integrations using the same integration method (as chosen by
NIntegrate) repeatedly using different constants in the integrand and/or different limits of integration?


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