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Forgiven Sinner
My old friend and graduate school classmate, the distinguished Catholic theologian Germain Grisez, made the news recently with a sharp criticism of Pope Francis's interview in Civilità Cattolica. He accuses the pope of being "self-indulgent," speaking with "little care" about the fact that his remarks will give comfort to those who seek to subvert "the truth... that it is his job to guard as inviolable." He sums up by suggesting that the pope was speaking as he might "unburden himself with friends after a good dinner and plenty of wine."
Grisez's opinions are not to be lightly dismissed; he is an influential philosopher and theologian of the Catholic right. He has been an adviser to the Vatican and the U.S. bishops. I didn't agree with Grisez's approach to theology way back in grad school, and I am no more convinced by it now. His views seem to me to rest on a misunderstanding of the character of the Christian truth that he so staunchly seeks to defend.
If you are Gemain Grisez, a devout Catholic who has spent a lifetime producing the closely reasoned three-volume The Way of Our Lord Jesus Christ, you are probably predestined to object to giving weight to a mere papal interview. On the other hand, unburdening oneself "with friends after a good dinner and plenty of wine" is a pretty fair description of the Jesus of the Gospels. Commentators have suggested that the Gospels overall might be classified as Jesus's "table talk." There are numerous occasions in the Synoptics where Jesus discourses at dinner; the Gospel of John contains five chapters on just one dinner: the Last Supper. As for wine: at the beginning it is miraculously created at Cana, and at the end it is transfigured into the Lord's blood. Speaking after plenty of wine! Jesus's enemies regarded his strange words as those of a "wine bibber."
Table talk and wine are of special interest to biographers because they offer a view of the person beyond, say, the studied prose of a lecture or the carefully constructed self of official social intercourse. In vino veritas is not misleading. Over and above what might be revealed in what one says over the table, live communication, face to face, reveals who speaks. We read who is speaking in the tone of voice or the toss of the head. Live speech calls attention to the speaker beyond the words.
Presumably one did not have to catch Jesus "off guard" to comprehend who he is. Nevertheless, if we turn to the Gospels, one can conclude both first and last that it is the impact of his person, who he is, that precedes and transcends what he says. Jesus calls Simon and Andrew before he preaches a single word: "Follow me!" and they "immediately left their nets and followed him." It was Jesus, not a teaching, that caused them to follow. While his person somehow compels, just who he is remains the insistent question throughout the New Testament. His enemies consider him insane, in league with the devil, a glutton and, yes, a "wine bibber." In Matthew 16, the disciples suggest Elijah or John the Baptist resurrected. Peter gets it right—"You are the Messiah, Son of the Living God"—but then immediately gets it wrong because he cannot understand a suffering Messiah. Jesus himself repeatedly demands attention to who he is: "You have heard it said, but I say to you…."
It is often commented that unlike many other great sages and spiritual leaders of humankind, Jesus never wrote a word; his impact was in live speech. The primacy of live speech, face-to-face communication, is a deep lesson about the nature of Christian truth and teaching. I believe that Pope Francis in the interview places the particular person speaking prior to instruction. The interview with Civilità Cattolica starts with "Who is Jorge Maria Bergoglio?" The answer: "I am a sinner—a sinner who has been forgiven by Christ." For Francis, the voice that claims to teach the truths of Christianity is the voice of a forgiven sinner. Grisez might counter that this is all very well for Bergoglio, but not for one charged with the office of pope. The pope should speak in a "universal" voice, not as Ratzinger or Bergoglio. I think a universal voice fails to carry the full Christian message, and that is the radical shift that Pope Francis effects. Face-to-face is the site of Christian teaching.
The church claims to have the power to preach forgiveness. Jesus forgave sin and was accused of blasphemy, arrogating to himself the authority of God. If the pope represents the church and the power to forgive sin, he is not sinless, he is only a forgiven sinner. Since the thirteenth century, popes have styled themselves "Vicar of Christ," a title that entails an exalted register. I suggest that Francis is drawing on an earlier title, "Vicar of Peter." When the pope speaks as Vicar of Peter his voice is that of the forgiven sinner to sinners, a humbling admission that establishes communication not from on high, but from compassion. It is a voice that could make sin and forgiveness believable.
When asked whether he approves of homosexuality, Francis deflects the question. He turns back to the questioner. "Tell me, when God looks at a gay person does he endorse the existence of this person with love, or reject and condemn this person? ... Here we enter into the mystery of the human being. In life, God accompanies persons, and we must accompany them, starting with their situation. It is necessary to accompany them with mercy." This is the voice of Peter, the forgiven sinner.
About the Author
Dennis O'Brien, former president of the University of Rochester, is a longtime contributor to Commonweal.
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Francis speaks of Jesus of Nazareth, not the one debated over since the age of Constantine and beyond. Philosphers are also forgiven sinners when they listen to their hearts.
I have to side with Grisez on this one. It's a concern I have had as well. Pope Francis speaks "off the cuff", and while I agree that a CAREFUL reading of his words indicate a Pope who is attempting to articulate a Christian message, Marshall McLuhan reminds me that "the medium is the message/massage". If you're in the room with Pope Francis or one-on-one with him, there is no "loss of translation"; however, that is NOT how his words are heard by most people. They are communicated through the press, social media, etc., who usually get it wrong. So the mass consumer gets a heavily spun and vague version of what the pope may or may not have meant (and I say "probably", because I have no idea what he means, because the Pope never provides the CONTEXT for his words). What I do know is that, invariably, a horde of interpreters (official and unofficial) always comes forward to interpret for us what the Pope "really" meant. And they are ignored, even if they might be correct, because the media suspect that they themselves are fracturing the "true" meaning of the Pope's words. Seeing how the the Pope's impromptu talks are routinely MIS-understood by the vast majority of his audience, the burden falls back on the Holy Father to express himself more clearly, if he wants his message to be understood. An example of the unintended consequences of the Pope's public speaking style (at least I think it's "unintended") is what has happened to the pro-life movement. Catholics (and other Christians) who have devoted their lives to this ministry are now trying to sort out if their ministry has lost the support of the Bishop of Rome, given that abortion clinics are posting the words of Pope Francis in their windows to shoo away the pro-life protestors.
"In vino veritas!"
It's not often recalled by historians, but many Catholics reacted similarly to statements Pope John XXIII made to the press. What did he mean the Church hadn't always been blameless? Was he implying the Church could do wrong? Didn't he realize he was giving bad example to the Protestants? Was he that naive, or did he really mean what he seemed to be saying?
A lifetime later I see his example as the closest papalspeak has come in centuries (or nearly millenia?) to the example of Jesus himself. What, after all, did HE mean when he said even half the shocking statements his followers recorded him making? Hasn't the Church itself spent a couple millenia trying to explain what he said, or even how he didn't really mean what it so often sounded like he meant?
A great article. I also never agreed with Grisez's theology, not necessarily because he is too far right but because of the philosophy and principles that underpin his theology.
The past 45 years of theological debate has been characterized as a bitter confrontation particularly over sexual ethical issues where Grisez was one of JP II's most ardent defenders of his teachings. While there is much to be admired in JP II, he was not free from misinformation and erroneous thinking. JP II had no patience with anyone who disagreed with him for whatever reason. He ruled with an iron-fist and demanded obedience to every teaching. No priest was ever made a bishop if he even whisped that a teaching should be the subject of a re-thinking.
The Church has lost many Catholics and reception to many teachings are the exception rather than the rule. The bitter confrontation has divided our Church. Consider what we have witnessed: it is the Church versus the World, the Culture of Death verus the Culural of Life (taken to what many believe to be extremes), Assenters versus Dissenters, the Enlightened (few) versus the Mislead (most), Good versus Evil (as in intrinsic evil). You get the picture. What has been lost is the love of Christ and his parables and verbal messsage where he taught us that the spirit of the law is more important than the letter of the law.
Pope Francis' messages have shaken the foundations of the Church especially the over-emphasis on small minded rules and norms while neglecting the person adequately considered. Rather than stiffle, muzzle or micro-manage Pope Francis' verbal messages, under the rubric that the press will twist his words or too many Catholics might misinterpret his words, perhaps Pope Francis is sending everyone a much more clearer verbal message than some might think.
The hierarchs of the Catholic Church often wound not only those under their shepherd's crook and staff but also many of those not in their flock. Any objective reading of the history of the Catholic Church makes this abundantly clear. Our religious sensitivities get hurt more easily because basically our religion brings us in touch with fundamental questions of life and death - questions to which we crave clear and distinct answers. There is a huge hunger for meaning in life, for consolation, for reconcilation, for healing, that every hierarch in the Church should be reminded constantly that the best way to exercise authority is with compassion. By describing himself as a sinner Pope Francis identifies himself with the first Pope Peter: "Depart from me, Lord, for I am a sinful man." Francis eschews the title Vicar of Christ out of humility and truth but he adopts Peter's strategy of keeping his eyes on Jesus the compassionate teacher and healer. I would expect no less of a follower of St Ignatius and an admirer of St Francis of Assisi.
Michael Barberi speaks of "over-emphasis on small minded rules and norms while neglecting the person adequately considered."
I believe there is a highly vivid example of such thinking in Germain Grisez's responses to "difficult questions" on his website. His startling advice regarding, "What sexual activity is permissible for elderly married couples?" is appalling in my view, akin to a pornography all its own: http://www.twotlj.org/G-3-29.html
That such a professor taught seminarians for 30 years at Mount St. Mary Seminary and University in Baltimore until 2009 is chilling. God help us, indeed, if Grisez is considered a highly influential philosopher and theologian.
His opinions about Pope Francis seem right in line with the rigid, narrow legalisms that burden his writings. So, who is really more self-indulgent and self-referential than the one with all the right answers down to the most minute sexual analysis/detail? Long live Pope Francis!
Thanks Carolyn for the answers that Germain Gresiz provided Catholics on 'difficult questions' concerning the licit or illicit forms of marital sex.
When you apply Humanae Vitae and the Theology of the Body to practical reality you get exaggerated, unreasonable and irrational theology. Does anyone with a brain believe that Gresiz's incrediable form of micro-managing sex between spouses is truly in accordance with God's Procreative Plan? I will not grace this blog with a refutation of Gresiz's rediculous theological answers to what is moral and immoral sex.
You said it well Carolyn, "God help us".
I think most people are capable of telling the difference between a spontaneous remark and a studied, oracular pronouncement, intended to be treated as such. I hope Francis will be with us for a long time, long enough to make his casual and intimate approach to everyday communication become an option for Popes to come. Popes rolled out periodically to read opaque documents written in impenetrable Vaticanese, and then returned to their gilded cages may have satisfied their keepers, but how many outside their own circle did they reach? And how crushing an experience it must have been to be required to behave and speak in a highly stylized and carefully vetted way for every moment of one's public life.
I wonder if Grisez 'misunderstands the character of Christian truth' partially because he is so devoted to natural law as a form of rationalism not intrinsically related to Biblical revelation. If he hasn't read people like Herbert McCabe or the Protestant Stanley Hauerwas he should. My wife of 59 years would have howled at his reference to sex between elderly couples. Grisez may want to reduce context to relativism but he must think context is like marbles in a box rather than like events in history.
Grisez's advice to the elderly has a strange inhuman quality. He sounds like Star Trek's Mr. Spock trying to reason according to his own alien instincts, about some absurd ( to him) human activity he can't quite get his mind around. And people like this write rule-books? God help us indeed.


text: At the Wintersville United Methodist Church, we are fortunate to have a very visible church sign, which is seen by many passing by each day on Main Street in Wintersville. At this time of year we always put our Advent theme on the church sign, and it seems this year's theme caused confusion for some and upset some others. Our Advent theme is: "Xmas: the CHRIST Factor." A number of people could not understand why, as a church, we were taking "Christ" out of Christmas.

subset: commoncrawl


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I don't like the idea of it being based on "quality", too much subjectiveness and potential for bad feelings there. Now if someone gives a gift that is basically a "fuck you" to the recipient, that can be brought up as potentially disqualifying.
Someone whip up some art for this. Also, how about some art for a "Werewolf Master" badge for people who've hosted a game of Werewolf? Because that's going to happen.


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Minister Al-Naimi explains oil price volatility
February 1, 2011
Oil price volatility is not merely a result of supply and demand, but is also triggered by commodities trading and fluctuations in the price of the dollar, Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources Ali Al-Naimi said during a speech yesterday at the Plenary Session of the Second Global Commodities Forum of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Therefore, a wide array of actors – across the globe and across industries – must cooperate to promote energy market stability.
Noting that oil prices shifted drastically during a single decade (from a low of $11 per barrel in 1998 to a high of $147 per barrel in 2008), Al-Naimi explained that these wild swings occurred after oil became "well established as an attractive asset class for a growing and diverse set of investors." As a result, in today's world "investor money moves in and out of oil futures markets based on a variety of factors which may have very little to do with basic oil market supply and demand fundamentals." Furthermore, the weakening of the dollar has encouraged investors to hedge their money in commodities futures, including oil.
Al-Naimi said demand for oil has risen drastically in the past few years, driven both by commodities investors and rapidly developing economies in Asia and elsewhere. Meanwhile, the resource base is maturing, making the product more expensive to produce. Nonetheless, Al-Naimi insisted that neither the world, nor the Kingdom, is running out of oil. "Saudi Arabia, as the world's leading supplier of oil with 264 billion barrels of proven oil reserves, could continue to supply crude oil at current production levels for another 80 years, even if we never found another barrel," he stated. "However, we are continually finding those new barrels through new discoveries and improved recoveries, so that our reserves have not decreased."
The question is not whether there will be enough oil in the coming decades, Al-Naimi explained, but whether that oil will be valued at a price that is both affordable to consumers and worth the effort for producers to extract. "Oil producers and consumers share a common interest in promoting stable markets and ensuring affordable and fair prices," he said. "Petroleum is a long-term, capital-intensive industry, with exploration, discovery and development taking long lead times of many years to bring to production." A price range of $70-$80 per barrel is appropriate to encourage investment in new production, he concluded, while not harming the economies of consumers.
Al-Naimi warned against trying to turn away from oil, just as energy demand is rising so rapidly. "Meeting future energy needs will require contributions from across the spectrum of sources – including renewables, nuclear, natural gas, coal, and of course, oil," he said. "The world does not have the luxury of discarding any particular energy source, marginalizing or penalizing its competitiveness through policy, public opinion, regulatory measures, or distribution of subsidies and incentives to unfair advantage. The effect of such an approach would be detrimental to global economic growth and to efforts to raise living standards for the billions of people still living in poverty."
As to whether oil prices will continue rising indefinitely, Al-Naimi acknowledged that the wide array of contributing factors make that question impossible to answer. However, he asserted that the most important factor will be "our ability to develop and deploy new technologies with the goal of adequately expanding supplies." He explained, "Innovation is revolutionizing oil, making it more accessible and more sustainable at every stage. Technology is allowing those ample resources to become reserves at progressively lower costs. The clear lesson is that the resource base is there, and that technology will determine how much we can convert into reserves and supplies, and at what cost."
In conclusion, Al-Naimi stressed that cooperation between producers and consumers is key. He noted that the Kingdom has invited more than 80 ministers from around the world to Saudi Arabia next month to sign a new charter for the International Energy Forum, a step he predicted would "take the producer-consumer relationship to yet a higher level."


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I'm trying to parse through and obtain my (my personal account not my app) albums from Facebook using the Facebook C# SDK. My goal is to grab the 10-12 most recent photos on my account. However, I understand I have to grab the albums first.
So, I've tried numerous things and ended up with the following url which returns a 400 Bad Request:
The token was obtained by calling:
Any ideas why I'd be getting the 400?


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Cookie walk at
Weirton church
The Christ United Methodist Church will hold its annual cookie walk from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. Saturday at the church located at 3598 Pennsylvania Ave., directly behind Dr. John Garan's office on Weirton Heights.
Several tables of holiday cookies, lady locks and nut rolls will be available, and they can be purchased a la carte for $5 per dozen. The congregation's women have been participating in the project under Jean Gumm's direction since 1997.
Hot soup and roast beef sandwiches will be available for purchase as well. Eat-in and take-out are available. Trays and boxes of cookies and lunch items can be ordered by calling the church from 9:30 a.m. to 11 a.m. Tuesday at (304) 723-0800 or by calling Gumm at (304) 723-1438.
Free dinner
Sunday at church
As part of the First Baptist Church of Steubenville's efforts for community outreach, area residents are invited to attend its weekly Sunday services at 11:30 a.m.
The church is hosting a free monthly dinner on the first Sunday of every month with the next one, a turkey and ham dinner, scheduled for Sunday from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m.
For updates on future community outreach events and programs, call the church office at (740) 282-2693 or visit the website at www.firstbaptiststeubenville.com.
The church is located at 334 Cedar Ave., Steubenville, on Pleasant Heights.
Auxiliary plans
bake sale at mall
The Steubenville American Legion Auxiliary will hold a bake sale beginning at 10 a.m. Saturday at the Fort Steuben Mall, setting up around the AT&T store.
The auxiliary also is planning for its Christmas party for local disabled veterans residing in local nursing homes. This will be held at the Steubenville American Legion Argonne Post 33 on Dec. 11, beginning at 10 a.m.
The auxiliary's Christmas party is set for Dec. 6 at Naples Restaurant at 6 p.m.
Mingo Knights
plan holiday party
The Mingo Knights of Columbus and Ohio Catering Christmas party that is open to the public, clubs and groups will be held Dec. 8 at the Mingo K of C Hall on Legion Drive.
A social time with appetizers will run from 5:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. followed by dinner from 6:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m.
The menu will include carved roast beef au jus, chicken, homemade cabbage rolls, mashed potatoes/gravy, pasta aglio e' olio with grilled vegetables, glazed baby carrots, green beans with ham, spring salad, punch, coffee and water. There also will be assorted desserts and a cash bar.
The cost is $17.95 per person. Tables of eight or 10 people can be reserved.
Dancing to DJ Rockin Rodney will be from 7:30 p.m. to 11 p.m.
To participate, RSVP by Dec. 4 by calling Ohio Catering at (740) 543-3978.
Programs planned
through library
The Public Library of Steubenville and Jefferson County has announced the following upcoming programs:
Book discussion for the Brilliant branch will be held today at 6 p.m. To join, call the library at (740) 769-2090. The thriller book club for the Tiltonsville branch will meet Tuesday at 6 p.m. Call (740) 859-5163 for information. The Schiappa branch's book club will meet for discussion on Tuesday at 6:30 p.m. For information, call (740) 264-6166. The book club for men at the main library will meet Wednesday at 6 p.m., and the main library's regular book club will meet Wednesday at 10:30 a.m. Call the main library at (740) 282-9782 for information.
Play and Learn the Alphabet for caregiver and children ages 2-6 will be offered at the Brilliant branch Tuesday at 11 a.m.
Play and Learn for children ages birth to 3 will be offered at the Schiappa branch on Thursday at 6 p.m. and on Friday at 10 a.m. The Toronto branch will offer it Wednesday at noon.
Babygarten for caregiver and child ages birth to 24 months will be held at the Adena branch Thursday at 11:15 a.m.
AMVETS post to
meet at Scaffidi's
AMVETS Post 275 will meet at 11:30 a.m. Saturday at Scaffidi's Restaurant in the Hollywood Plaza.
Lunch will be off the menu and pay as you go, according to Dan Wilson, commander.
"We will be discussing our post's participation in the Steubenville Christmas Parade on Dec. 8, Website, Twitter, POW/MIA, Memorial Day 2013, possible projects for 2013 and the location of our February meeting," Wilson said.
"As always, all veterans, National Guard and Reserve of all eras are welcome to attend," he added.
Those planning to attend should RSVP by calling (740) 317-8646.
Sunrise Seniors
make donations
Susan Kulstad, president of the Toronto Sunrise Seniors, presided at the Nov. 9 meeting where Henry Portucarrero was welcomed as a new member.
Carol McLain offered grace before the covered-dish dinner.
The business meeting included reports by Mary Lou Deku, secretary; Mike Timko, treasurer; and John Bodrog, who announced there are seats remaining for the May 19-25 trip to Branson, Mo.
The group made donations to the Toronto Food Pantry and Toronto Salvation Army.
The next meeting will be the Christmas party Dec. 14 at the St. Francis Social Hall. The social hour will begin at 5 p.m. with dinner at 6 p.m.
The 50-50 winners were John Bodrog and Marilyn Campbell. Door prize winners were Helen Lindsay and Marge Kane. Bingo winners were Marilyn Campbell, Peg Nordenger, Jim Hope, Eileen Cernansky, Rose Gibson, Marion Wilson, Donna Twyford, Marcella McKnight, Kathy McBride, Brenda Cottrell, Lucy Timko, Diana Pernick, Mary Lou Deku and Tim Gribben. Scat winners were Nancy Bodrog, Harry Andrews, Patty Farnelli, Kitty Roth and Cathy Perko. Edna Riffle won at 500.
Membership in the club is open to any resident of Ohio who is 55 or older. Contact Kulstad for information.
Crafters, vendors
sought for event
Crafters and vendors are needed for a Toys for Tots fundraiser scheduled for Dec. 8 at the New Alexandria Grange.
Tables are $10 each.
Call (740) 275-2027 for information and to sign up.


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Top Definition
When three or more men perform a group hug so that their beer guts are touching, it's a belly hug.
person #1 and #2: "Group hug!"
person #3: (... more like a belly hug.)
person #4: (It's dark in here.)
von snlr 6. Dezember 2009
Trending Now
a hug while giving a blow job
Can I have a belly hug?
What's a belly hug?
It's a hug from here
Motions to penis with hand
What's a belly hug?
It's a hug from here
von clk723 10. Februar 2008


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When did astronomers realise that the stars were similar to the Sun? I'm not asking for when this was established, but when also the hypothesis was first proposed.
As found here, Anaxagoras suggested around 450 BC that the stars are far away Suns. This is the first known person to suggest this.
As is fairy common in the sciences, the idea was reinvented numerous times, but it didn't really catch on until the mid-1800s when spectral analyses on the Sun and stars carried out by Fraunhofer and Secchi (see this page) started showing remarkable similarities between Solar and stellar spectra.
Aristarchos of Samos was the first to talk of a heliocentric system. He certainly put the sun at the center, though he puts stars on a sphere.
His writings have been lost due to the great cleansing of pagan documents by christianity.
You have a good question. The answer is - we dont know. We know for sure it happened long time ago, probably at the beginning of science as we know it. You should know that there is no MATERIAL EVIDENCE about any ancient scientist. All text which are presented in posts above are just "official" hypothesis, in reality it could have been very different. Look here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikythera_mechanism I would guess a guy who did that for sure had some clue about what stars are.


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How is it that the FOV can be greater for the smaller resolutions in their camera, which has no zoom? I would expect a greater FOV when more of the sensor is used.
From: http://gopro.com/cameras/hd-helmet-hero-camera/
- Angle of View: 170º ultra wide angle in WVGA, 720p, or 960p mode
- Angle of View: 127º wide angle in 1080p mode
Can someone explain that in technical terms?


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News and Events Archives
Tuesday, March 09, 2010
Columbia College once again has been nationally recognized for outstanding academic quality and value.
GetEducated.com, a respected clearinghouse of accredited online programs, has designated six Columbia College online degrees "Best Buys" in its 2010 survey:
* Bachelor's degree in criminal justice, ranked No. 5 overall of 19 degrees
* Regionally accredited MBA, ranked No. 5 of 41 degrees
* Master's degree in criminal justice, No. 7 of 15 degrees
* Bachelor's degree in business and management, No. 12 of 54 degrees
* Bachelor's degree in psychology, No. 27 of 60 degrees
* Bachelor's degree in human services, No. 27 of 60 degrees.
"We've known for a long time that we offer outstanding academic programs at an affordable price," said Dr. Gerald Brouder, college president. "It is gratifying to have such a reputable source recognize that fact as well."
Brouder said that although success at the college is not determined by such rankings, but rather by the college's ability to meet the needs of its students, he was still pleased the college was listed among the nation's best buys. These lists are often a good tool for students and parents to assess whether a college might be a good fit.
"The rankings are just one way to obtain a snapshot of a college or university," said Brouder. "The best way to evaluate any school is to visit the campus and talk to current students, professors and alumni."
Columbia College, a private, nonprofit institution founded in 1851 in Columbia, Mo., educates more than 27,000 students each year and has more than 64,000 alumni worldwide. For more information, visit www.ccis.edu.
(Contact: Brandi Herrman, Associate Director, Public Relations, 573-875-7731, firstname.lastname@example.com)


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I've heard it said that PHP is inherently insecure. Is this true? Why?
It is pretty hard for a language to be "inherently insecure" by my definition, since a good programmer can adapt. But PHP started out leaving a lot of minefields lying around for novices.
The initial versions of PHP paid little attention to security and the design had some big flaws. Security is hard to retrofit into the core software and into the libraries. Security training is hard in the best of circumstances, and even more so when a large subset of the developers are inexperienced and started off with bad defaults.
For example, it wasn't until version 4.2.0 that register_globals was disabled by default, so data received over the network was not inserted directly into the global namespace anymore. This feature is finally slated for complete removal in the next version.
The early release of PHP and the ease of deploying simple PHP applications also attracted many developers with little security awareness, and ensured a large number of applications, a significant number of which had remotely exploitable vulnerabilities. The size and vulnerability of the deployed base also attracted a lot of interest from the exploit community.
Here are some references and useful links
There are at least two points to this:
Some of these reasons are described in "Fractal of bad design".
More popular subject is - more attention it derives. This is the first truth. Second truth is that PHP from the beginning was not very well designed and nowadays it has a lot of internal hacks to work well, that consistently leads to failures in security implementations, versions incompatibilities. As the best proof you can check MOPS. I really don't think that there is more to discuss.
No, it is not true. You can write secure code in PHP perfectly well. However, a lot of code written in PHP is insecure, and the reason for that is simple - PHP has relatively low barrier of entry, which means a lot of people that know little about security write in PHP. On the other hand, PHP is web-oriented, which means the public PHP application can be attacked by anyone on the internet (while, for example, C++ application for the desktop can usually be attacked only by somebody who already has access to the said desktop computer).
The main issues are the default configuration and the low barrier of entry.
The easiest way to deploy a PHP app is to install the inefficent horror called "Apache" with
For example, a Node.js app runs as its own process, in its own directory totally independent of the web root. The web root is only there to store assets and user-uploaded content, and can be omitted if the app doesn't need that (if it's just a REST API for example). If a .js file gets uploaded there, nothing bad will happen (it may do client-side damage like phishing or XSS but that's out of scope).
On the other hand, using our default PHP configuration, if a .php file gets uploaded and requested, it gets executed under the privileges of the legitimate app, can access and modify its files, access and exfiltrate sensitive data from the DB, etc. That is a disaster, and most compromises of PHP sites come from insecure file upload forms.
There are ways to make that secure, like separating the app and the content - the app's files shouldn't be accessible via the web root, and no file should be executed from the content directory. Most frameworks use that approach, where all your controllers, models and views reside in the
So why doesn't everyone do this ? Because of "hi how do i install laravel framework on cpanel free hosting? thx"
Because of people like those. The really low barrier of entry means quite a bit of PHP users aren't developers and don't want to become developers - note that I don't consider them developers because copy/pasting code from tutorials without understanding it doesn't mean being a developer, that only means being an irresponsible idiot - you become a developer only when you are able to take the time to understand what you're doing and how can you do things the right way. I may be biased, but that also means going to Stack Exchange and reading some basic stuff about server security before setting up an internet-facing web server. ;)
Given they can't use apply security guidelines nor use frameworks on shared hosting (and don't bother moving to VMs/dedicated servers because it requires some reading which they don't want to do because shared hosting seems good enough for them, and PHP shared hosting is often free) they continue to create crappy and insecure applications and deploy them on crappy and already compromised cPanel-powered shared hosting servers.
There are a lot of idiots who are able to write PHP code as it's a very simple language.
This results in lots of insecure code, especially
Python and Java are not so popular for people who never programmed before so there are less programming newbies and thus the chance of horrible insecure code is lower.
Another aspect: would Zend base their enterprise targeted PHP stack that is more vulnerable than competition? It is not the language that to be blamed for insecurity. It is the design. Bad design can be implemented in every language. Security is not a state, it's a process. And the massive contributor base of PHP does a pretty good job.


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Dr. Seyed Masoud Noori, Former Faculty Member at the Center for Human Rights Studies at Mofid University in Qom, Iran and currently a Visiting Scholar at Emory Law, will explain the relation between Shariah and state law in Muslim-majority countries' constitutions approved since 2000, as well as the role of Shariah in basic and fundamental codes in those countries. He will focus on Iraq's and Egypt's constitutions, as these two models balance Shariah and state law, and he will examine how these models affect human rights issues.
Co-sponsored by: The Human Rights Institute, the Institute for the Study of Human Rights, the Middle East Institute, & the Institute for Religion, Culture and Public Life
© Copyright 2016, The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York.
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text: More from SI Jason Spezza's no-trade list has 12 teams Jason Spezza's no-trade list has 12 teams Arena Wars Stanley Cup Final edition: L.A.'s Staples... Arena Wars Stanley Cup Final edition: L.A.'s Staples... Edmonton to break ground on new oil drop-styled arena i... Edmonton to break ground on new oil drop-styled arena i... Edmonton to break ground on new oil drop-styled arena i... Edmonton to break ground on new oil drop-styled arena i... Taking the NHL Outside: The making of stadium hockey Taking the NHL Outside: The making of stadium hockey Close Tweet0 Share0 Comment0 Share0 Share0 Stumble It0 Print0 More Home Ice Time For Spezza-less Senators to start panicking? by amuir29 Email Posted: Sun Feb. 10, 2013 Ottawa's Jason Spezza hopes to return before the end of the season after having back surgery (Jana Chytilova/Getty Images).By Allan MuirNo one expected Ottawa GM Bryan Murray to do anything drastic in the wake of Jason Spezza's long-term back injury. Because really, what options did he have? It's not like other teams are looking to move the sort of all-world talent it would take to adequately fill the superstar center's skates.Besides, Murray's always been a prudent man. Even if that player was out there, the proper course of action would be to give everyone in the room a real chance to step up and fill the void first.There was a sense that these past eight days would give them that chance. The Sens had five games over that densely packed stretch, five games to pull together and show what they had without their offensive leader in the lineup.Now we know.It ain't much.With a listless 1-0 loss to the Winnipeg Jets this afternoon, the Senators failed four of those five tests, managing only to beat the floundering Buffalo Sabres.More troubling: they mustered just seven goals along the way and were shut out twice ... by backup goalies.It'd be one thing if they'd staged an all-out assault that made Winnipeg's rarely used Al Montoya look like Ken Dryden today, but that was a ridiculously easy 33-save performance. And this was a goalie ready to be beaten. His rust showed in the form of several poorly controlled rebounds, but the Sens did nothing to take advantage of those fat scoring chances. They had no net presence. No push.There was so little urgency, so little creativity in their game that the Jets were forced to take just three minors on the day, significant for a team that ranks 30th on the penalty kill.That's a continuation of a trend that's seen them generate just 15 power play opportunities over this stretch. Without Spezza, the Sens don't control the puck as well or as often. And when they do have it, they aren't making the sort of plays that draw penalties.Even after this rough stretch, Ottawa is holding down fifth place in the conference, just three points off the lead. Of course, they're also three points out of ninth, and that's why it's hard to imagine Murray will roll with the status quo much longer.He won't find a replacement for Spezza out there -- forget about Florida's Stephen Weiss -- but really, he doesn't have to add finesse. What he needs is an edgy player who allows coach Paul MacLean to play with the recipe. Muddy it up a bit. Maybe someone willing to go to the net and, once there, has the ability to put away the garbage. It might be ugly, but passion rarely is. And a little passion would go a long way toward keeping Ottawa in the hunt long enough for Spezza's eventual return to matter. More Home Ice


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Tips, tricks, links, and useful tools for some of the most popular social networks. We'll be adding new documents throughout the year, so check back often for updated resources.
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7 Amazing Movie Special Effects You Won't Believe Aren't CGI
#3. The Matrix Reloaded -- Crushing Cars on the Freeway
Hey, remember that part in The Matrix Reloaded when that one dude lands on top of a car so hard that it completely flips over and leaves a whole unholy mess in the middle of the freeway? Of course you do.
Man, this Frogger remake is badass.
Well, if you had to guess which part of that shot was added in CGI, the guy landing or the resulting pandemonium, which would you choose? Hint: It's the one that looks like he's leaving a turd on the windshield.
That's right: Other than the character, literally everything you see in that shot is real -- even the implosion of the car upon impact of the nonexistent landing. This was achieved thanks to a ridiculous car rig that worked while the vehicle was driven. In other words, someone finally invented a system to make it look like an invisible hippopotamus is sitting on your car.
"Finally." -Millions of really weird fetishists
The filmmakers then composited that image with footage of the actor playing kangaroo in front of a blue screen. But that was just the beginning: In the movie, the impact is so strong that even cars that are several feet away from the one that was rigged impossibly flip themselves over, too.
"Should we have warned any of the other drivers? Naaaah."
So how did they do that? Like all good things, this was the product of a series of hidden cannons and ramps, in a process that second unit director David R. Ellis described as "catapulting cars over the freeway." The result was not only the Hulk smash you see at the start, but also the cascade of carnage that comes afterward as car after car piles up.
So why didn't this movie win all the Oscars, again? Oh, right. It actually sucks.
#2. Confessions of a Dangerous Mind -- Cut-Less Scene Changes
Usually, when movie directors need to change scenes, they use a concept called cutting, a complex process that entails shutting off the camera, physically moving it to a new location, and then turning it on again. And we said "usually" because others directors will have none of that shit.
For instance, check out this sequence from the Chuck Barris maybe-true-but-probably-not biopic Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, where Barris (played by Sam Rockwell) comes up with the idea for his show The Dating Game in his bathroom, while talking to his girlfriend (Drew Barrymore). The camera zooms in slowly on his eyes ...
... and when it pulls out, he is already in a boardroom pitching the idea to a bunch of white guys in suits. All without a single cut.
"That's very interesting. But where are your trousers?"
But there's got to be some digital trickery going on there, right? Not at all: The director, a first-timer called George Clooney or something, wanted to do any and all effects entirely in-camera ... meaning that instead of cutting and taking the actor to another set, he actually moved the entire set around the actor while the camera was zoomed in.
"Where should we leave naked bathing Drew Barrymore, sir?"
"I think there's a closet over there."
Mr. Clooney (pronounced "Clone-ay," probably) used the same "no cuts" philosophy at different points in the movie, like the part where Barris first walks into the studio lobby. For a second, the camera gets distracted by a tour group, and when it comes back to Barris, he's working at the studio himself.
Whoever he slept with to get the job didn't have much stamina.
That was an easy one -- they just had the actor change his clothes real quick while the camera moved away. Other effects were slightly more complex, like the "split screen" in the scene where Barris is speaking on the phone with a studio executive ...
... which wasn't a split screen at all: They built the apartment set in front of the office set, and physically opened the wall when the camera wasn't looking.
Now imagine this happening the next time you're on the phone with your boss.
Clever, right? Man, this Clooney guy is going places.
#1. Jurassic Park & REC -- Monsters You Probably Assumed Were CGI
Stan Winston School of Character Arts
It's well-known that Jurassic Park was created through a combination of CGI and terrifying dinosaur-shaped robots, but there's one important special effect they used in the film that is often neglected -- namely, dudes in rubber suits.
Stan Winston School of Character Arts
Stan Winston School of Character Arts
They abandoned the idea of giving the dinosaurs bow ties pretty early on.
Yep, the movie that convinced everyone that CGI was cool used good old-fashioned monster costumes, too. Steven Spielberg commissioned the legendary Stan Winston to create some practical effects for some parts of the film, because it's one thing to tell your child actors to imagine they're being chased through a kitchen and quite another to put a real Raptor face in front of them.
Winston's team came up with a system that consisted of making the most realistic dinosaur puppets ever, then sticking a dude inside them. Here's an early model:
Stan Winston School of Character Arts
It's either that, or the ultimate fate of Mr. Muldoon.
Speaking of the famous kitchen scene, Stan Winston Studio supervisor John Rosengrant and concept designer Mark McCreery got the honor of donning actual Raptor costumes in that part of the movie -- that's Rosengrant in this shot:
Stan Winston School of Character Arts
He volunteered for this part because he always hated children.
But surely the next movies in the series were all CGI? Nope: Check out the fierce Velociraptor in track pants in this test footage from the second movie ...
Stan Winston School of Character Arts
Don't you hate it when you go jogging and leave the headphones home?
... and a dude with the head of a Pteranodon in the third one.
Stan Winston School of Character Arts
Of course, CGI monsters are inescapable by now -- take the inhuman stick figure zombie woman thingamabob that shows up at the end of REC.
Turning the film into an 80-minute YouTube screamer.
This thing doesn't even have the dimensions of a real person, so how could it possibly be anything but CGI? The answer is, thanks to Javier Botet -- a Spanish actor who has been using his affliction with Marfan syndrome to scare the bejesus out of anybody who pays him to do so.
He'd be a great choice for the XKCD movie.
For film-quality effects merged with Internet-quality shortness, watch the trailer for Cracked's new Star Wars mini-series.
Karl has a Twitter account where you can read his thoughts and a book where you can read his email exchanges with people who hate him. Follow David on Twitter or check out his work over at Film School Rejects, where he is a staff writer.
For more reasons to love movies more than you already do, check out 6 Iconic Movie Scenes That Happened by Accident and 5 Iconic Pop Culture Moments Improvised at the Last Second.
If you're pressed for time and just looking for a quick fix, then check out 6 Ghastly Works of 'Art' Made from Dead Animals.
And stop by LinkSTORM to calm your anger about it being Monday.
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Discover a selection of top forums windclan information on the internet. Come to share your passion on forums windclan information and meet other fans of windclan information. Then, why don't you create your own forum of windclan information ?
The future's in your paws. Shape it well. Roleplay in a cat Clan of warriors. Based off the Warriors series by Erin Hunter. Takes place during the time before the cats in the books existed.
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Malaysia Directory For Discussion & Information. FORUM-CARI
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Join the active members forum of the MDWG to share information with Municipal depot operators.
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Blogs and websites typically provide an index page of entries where they show an excerpt of the post. Excerpts usually include title, author, post date, and a blurb. What is the term for these sorts of excerpt?
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I'd call them snippet views. The Macmillan dictionary gives this definition for snippet:
A more formal name used for these types of items in the non digital realm is "abstract". It's not wrong in the digital world, but I don't remember seeing it used. I do remember seeing "summary" or "capsule".
Browsing through WP's entries on RSS and its ontology, what we first find is that the collective term for the kind of information these entries present is (unsurprisingly) "metadata", and that while RSS metadata is well-defined, there is no universally accepted term for a standardized set of specific metadata elements which could be used in a blog index to summarize a post (nor consensus on which elements should be included in such a standard set). So, from these abstract sources, the best we can identify is:
If we can't find a normative definition, perhaps we can get a clue from how these concepts are applied (and named) in practice, by inspecting the source for a few open-source feed readers.
Doing so reveals they, too, use generic terms like "news item", "preview", "description"¹, or "abstract" (as @brasshat indicates), and in general do not have a concept of "standardized set of metadata used to summarize a post" separate from "the post itself"; it seems typical to have a blog post object carry around its own metadata side-by-side with its content (or a link to its content), and selecting which metadata to summarize or describe the post is treated as a presentation-layer issue (often user-configurable; the only field definitely not included in a summary is the content of the post itself). So it seems these codebases are a dead end², and the only novel word to arise from investigating them is:
Taking another tack, then, we can try tracing the ontology of blog software to its roots: journalism. In paper journalism, we again have the concept of "metadata": "headline", "dateline", "byline", and so on.
Since this metadata is fairly fixed and limited relative to the more abstract concept in software, perhaps we can find a single word to describe the totality of a given article's metadata, which would serve our purpose, so long as it enjoys some respect or at least currency in journalism.
Unfortunately, it seems we're stymied here again, for similar reasons: each individual piece of metadata has a well-defined name, but there doesn't appear to be a single word that describes the metadata in toto. With that said, there are some novel and interesting contenders; one glossary of journalism and media terms has:
Which, sadly, appears to communicate the entire news item, as opposed to just introducing it. Moving on, we encounter:
Which, while it could be pressed into service, because it's intended promote the piece by not revealing the whole story, i.e. "tease" the reader into clicking through, in practice this would be applied more to an Upworthy-style headline (in the digital age) than an abstract of the post.
So, we come to the final, perhaps most interesting item (for its obscurity if nothing else):
Cute? Yes. Necessarily communicating all the relevant metadata ... probably not (this would more likely correspond to the "
¹ Though unfortunately these terms are also used as the metadata labels themselves, as they apply to the blog as a whole, as in
² Now, this may be an artifact of my decision to inspect feed readers, because readers typically defer the hosting of content to the blog (fetching it as needed), and their concept of "news item" is identical to "a user-friendly summary of a news item" (as reflected in the schemas of the projects linked to, above). So if you're still in need of an appropriate word, you might have better luck digging through the codebases of blog software proper.
In the context of the index, like on the same page, individual entries could be referred to as posts, in the sense that they represent the actual post.
It depends on the layout and other aspects of the site whether it's particularly obvious that they only represent the actual posts and cannot be mistaken for something else.


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Watch a Short Clip From The Dark Knight Rises
Gary Oldman and Joseph Gordon-Levitt.
Tell us more, Gordon.
Gary Oldman and Joseph Gordon-Levitt.
Tell us more, Gordon.
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A Black Panther spinoff.


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June 7, 2011
Evan Korth, a clinical associate professor at NYU's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, and Bruce Niswander, head of innovation at NYU-Poly, have been named by Crain's New York Business as "People to Watch in Silicon Alley." The list also includes: New York Times publisher Arthur Sulzberger, Jr.; Tim Armstrong and Arianna Huffington of AOL Inc. and the Huffington Post Media Group; William Lynch, CEO of Barnes & Noble, Inc.; and Hilary Mason, chief scientist at Bitly, among others.
Korth was named with Columbia University's Chris Wiggins, an associate professor in the Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics. Korth and Wiggins, along with Bitly's Mason, co-founded HackNY.org, a non-profit that connects New York City students with local startups through a summer internship program and aims to build a community among the next generation of hackers in New York City.
"Backed by Google Ventures, First Round Capital, Union Square Ventures, the Kaufman Foundation, and others, HackNY provides students in the 10-week program with a job, mentors, and an NYU dorm room," Crain's wrote. "The number of participants will rise to 35 this year from 12 in 2010."
Niswander directs three of NYU-Poly's business incubators, providing "space, advice, and student... Read More interns to fledgling companies in the incubation stage," Crain's noted. "He also searches for possible partners to help them commercialize their products and services. Companies ensconced in the NYU-Poly Varick Street Incubator have raised a total of $20 million and created 300 jobs so far."
This Press Release is in the following Topics:
NYUToday-feature, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Research, Polytechnic School of Engineering, Faculty
Type: Press Release
Press Contact: James Devitt | (212) 998-6808


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Our experts help you find the best computer, laptop or monitor to suit your needs.
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Everything you need to know about choosing the best scanner or printer (or scanner-printer combo).
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Fr33-to-Play Friday: Battlefield 3, Payday 2Written by: / / No Comments
Welcome to Fr33-to-Play Friday – a weekly look at some of the latest free-to-play titles available along with full games that are being given away for a limited time.
If you have any suggestions for this community feature then please send them through to me at firstname.lastname@example.com
If you get a kick out of getting games for free without breaking the law then this week has been a great time to do just that. Earlier this week EA added its award-winning shooter Battlefield 3 to Origin's 'On the House' section whereby you can download classic titles for free from the digital platform for a limited time. You can snag the full PC version of Battlefield 3 from Origin by following this link but please be aware that the game is only free until next Tuesday, June 3rd.
Next up is Infinity Blade II which has the honour of being the free app of the week on iTunes. It's been free before but if you didn't grab it the first time around then now is the perfect time to check out this greatly expanded sequel to Chair's swipe-tastic original. Infinity Blade II not only brings console-quality graphics to mobile devices but it's also one of the few blockbuster iOS games that's specifically designed for the touch-based and portable nature of the platforms it was developed for.
Lastly, Payday 2 is currently free to play on Steam until 1pm PDT on Sunday. This well-received co-op heist shooter supports up to four players and features dynamic scenarios so that no heist plays out the same way twice. If you have some friends to play with then gather your crew and expand your skills and arsenal to unlock bigger and riskier contracts that will thoroughly test your ability to work together and adjust to new threats and challenges on the fly.
Are you keen to check out any of this week's games while they're still at price zero? Let us know in the comments.
Tags: battlefield3, fr33toplayfriday, freetoplay, infinityblade2, payday2


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I had several files saved and encrypted on my Android phone using SuperVault. I no longer have an Android phone but I do have my SuperVault folder with all the files. Unfortunately I can't access them because they are encrypted.
Short of getting another Android phone (assuming I can move the files to another phone), is there any other way to recover my files?


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More taxpayers are waiting to file; experts say do it now
The mad dash for April 15 is especially crowded with procrastinating taxpayers this year.
More Americans than usual have waited until the last two weeks to send their tax returns to the Internal Revenue Service. The latest IRS data showed there were about 4.5 million more taxpayers still waiting to file as of March 22 than was the case on that day last year.
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January 24, 2013
Smiles at the beach – Flickr pic of the day
This photograph was taken at Muizenberg beach by our Cape Town. Live it. Love it. Flickr group member Michelle Walton.
Michelle says she "came across this friendly girl down at Surfer's corner, Muizenberg. She made eye contact and indicated from a distance that I should take her picture....what a lovely frendly open face."
Do you have images of Cape Town you'd like to share with us? We'd love you to join the Cape Town. Live it. Love it. Flickr group!


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I was googling this a bit ago and noticed a couple of ways, but I'm guessing that google doesn't know all. So how do you kick users off your Linux box? also how do you go about seeing they are logged in in the first place? and related... does your method work if the user is logged into an X11 DE (not a requirement I'm just curious)?
There's probably an easier way, but I do this:
I just discovered you can combine steps 1 and 2 by giving
As Micheal already pointed out, you can use
I appreciate the humor of the accepted answer, but professionally I can't advocate it.
The most graceful method I'm aware of is to send a -HUP to the shell to simulate a user hangup. You can send this to the user's idle sshd to simulate their connection being lost, which triggers a cleanup of the entire shell environment (including child shells), or send this to specific nested shells (say, ones setting inside of a disconnected terminal multiplexer that are keeping you from unmounting a filesystem) if you want to be really precise.
Other useful command is
Logout the user 'username':
First of all, this indicates a larger problem. If you have users that you don't trust on your system, you should probably level it and re-image.
With that in mind, you can do some or all of the following:
# set up the environment $ BADUSER=foo # where foo is the username in question $ USERLINE=`grep '^$BADUSER:' /etc/passwd` $ BADUID=`echo $USERLINE | awk -F: '{print $3}'` $ BADGID=`echo $USERLINE | awk -F: '{print $4}'` $ BADHOMEDIR=`echo $USERLINE | awk -F: '{print $6}'` # disable the user's future login $ sudo chsh -s /bin/false $BADUSER # kill all of the user's processes $ BADPROCS=`ps auwx | grep '^$BADUSER ' | awk '{print $2}'` $ sudo kill -9 $BADPROCS # back up/clear the user's home directory $ mkdir -p ~/backup/home-backup/ $ sudo tar -cfj ~/backup/home-backup/$BADUSER-`date +%F`.tar.bz2 $BADHOMEDIR $ sudo rm -rf $BADHOMEDIR/.* $BADHOMEDIR/* # find all files owned by user $ sudo find / -user $BADUSER > ~/backup/$BADUSER-files-`date +%F`.txt # remove user $ sudo userdel $BADUSER
In my opinion, it is not really useful to use


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I find that some software developers are very adept at this, and often times are praised for their ability to deliver a working concept with abstract requirements. Frankly, this drives me crazy, and I don't like "making it up" as I go. I used to think this was problematic, but I've started to sense a shift, and I'm wondering if I need to adjust my thought (and programming) process when given very little direction. Should I begin to acquire this ability as a skill, or stick to the idea that requirement's gathering and business rules are the first priority?
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Is writing software in the absence of requirements a skill to possess or a situation I should avoid?
The skill isn't to write software without requirements. It is instead to elicit requirements from the project owner regardless of whether there is a formal requirements documentation or not.
Gathering requirements is definitely your first priority, but you don't necessarily need to get all of the customer's needs noted up front. The risk is of course is that you might miss some vital piece of information that renders your system architecture useless if you haven't managed to have the right sort of conversations with your customer, however it is not unusual to define a product and even get much of the development out of the way, while deferring the major system architecture decisions until the last possible moment. This is a lean development approach which is meant to ensure that you don't commit to a potentially incompatible architecture too early in your product development until you have more solid information. In the situations the OP has described in his question, this lean approach would be quite important IMHO to avoid major rework and cost blow-out later on, which is when you've finally managed to learn what it was your customer really needed.
Yes, you do sometimes need to crystal-ball-gaze a little to get to the heart of what it is the customer really is asking for, which is where prototyping spikes and the slow - and yes sometimes painful - incremental drawing out of requirements requires that you really develop good customer relationship skills, and also the patience to realize that with any complex software idea, that in the beginning the customer doesn't often know much more than you about what the software actually needs to do. Most often, the customer calls you in early to depend on your expertise to define their requirements as the customer doesn't always have the necessary expertise or knowledge of the software development process.
This is very ambiguous …
Two things I can say:
Life's not about black and whites though. If you draw a narrow box around yourself, you'll limit yourself. On the flip side, an organization that dismisses what's needed to create technology is also limited. You'll have to see where in the gray you prefer to be.
Requirements are the steps in the journey, a vision is the direction
For many applications a highly detailed technical specification is just too much up front since a quick discussion could render their carefully typeset document useless. Instead, start with a vision. If everyone understands the overall picture then the requirements can get filled in along the way through discussions.
As a developer you must learn to use these discussions to trawl for requirements. This means asking the customer leading questions that get them thinking about how their decision today fits into the overall vision. The earlier these more detailed discussions take place then the quicker the overall vision will solidify into a coherent design.
You should keep track of the outcome of these discussions in some kind of issue tracker so that others can comment on them if they missed the original discussion. And so that you have a record you, or other members of your team, can refer back to should you need clarification.
So, learn to code against the vision, but be ready to trawl for those requirements when the time comes.
Steve Jobs believed that customers cannot describe exactly what they want the future products to look like, so it is your job to deliver them. So, unless you deliver custom software all the time, forget formal specs and start by creating prototypes and letting the customers play with them and tell you what they think. You have got to put the right person doing the prototyping, and they need to have help. I say this from experience - I am the prototyping monkey who loves creating intuitive interfaces and I teamed up with someone in product who understands what the clients want and can explain things on paper or using Excel.
Neither of us are geniuses, but we think alike - you can almost say we have got chemistry and have had a huge impact on which things are being built and how. Now, only a mid-to-large team can afford to have a prototyper and a non-coder who develops product exclusively, but it is well worth it. Prototyping is the cheapest stage in the software development, so it only makes sense to get the UI and the apparent behavior right. I have not read Code Complete but I think there is something like that written in that book.
Specs are nice to have, but they are never perfect. There exists a theorem about that. You cannot prove that the spec is complete and you cannot prove that the tool has no bugs or that it will halt :)
Yet, software companies do ship software all the time despite these imperfections in the process. The spec will never be perfect. The spec is also UNNATURAL and outdated. A spec to a prototype is like logarithm table is to a single graph - a spec is essentially a boring brochure meant to be printed whereas you could interact with a tool / graph instead. Check out http://www.i-programmer.info/news/112-theory/3900-a-better-way-to-program.html for inspiration.
Now, spec is good if you must have a contract to cover your ass. But a spec should still come after a prototype, not before. It is your job to figure out how to make prototypes cheap.
It is not possible to write a program without requirements. Even the 'Hello World' has the requirement: to produce output. So, I think you're asking about formal requirements, in form of some big stack of something UML-like. And regarding those, I've met 2 kinds of people:
1) People that need formal requirements. They need to be exactly told what to do, and at best how to do it. They love the sentences like The procedure A taking the argument B will output C, and they hate those: The program should make the work of our deparment more effective. They are usually corporate animals.
2) People who are the oposite to 1. They hate to be told what to do and how to do, they love to be told what should be achieved. They like to talk to the client, analyse what they say and then develop their own solution. They are usually freelancers and don't fit good to corporation.
I won't say which of those is better. Both have their pros and contras. They are simple adequate for the other conditions.
I've often found that in some situations I need to act as a business analyst, discovering exactly how the business currently works, how people think it works (often very different things), and how they would like it to work.
I've found success by always being clear about the decisions I'm being forced to make in order to build the software. I explain my reasoning, write documentation on what I've discovered, make graphs and distribute them to everyone, etc.
You probably won't make a very good impression by refusing to do any work until complete requirements are handed over. But by gathering good quality requirements yourself (without necessarily drawing attention to the fact), you will reach the same goal of quality software.
And yes, as other commenters have said, always build the software assuming that it will change. Change is the one constant you can rely upon. Always build your software flexible and modular enough so that it won't be painful to update it when some new requirements suddenly appear.
If you want to work as a software developer at a startup, it's a skill to possess.
If you want to work at a consulting company then it's a situation to avoid at all costs. This is because your firm gets paid according to how well you implement the spec/requirements and not how well you solved the customer's problem.
If you are coding for fun in your spare time, then it's your call. If you don't feel qualified to make the call for your spare time projects then try a couple each way and see what works. Also it's not necessary a one-size-fits-all thing, some projects call for one or the other type of a approach. Usually if you pick the wrong one on one of these projects you'll figure it out pretty fast.
A bit of both. You need to satisfy your clients, which means that you need to know what they want. On the other hand, clients are notoriously bad at communicating what they really want.
So you want to avoid scenarios where you don't know what clients want, but you will inevitably run into a scenario where the requirements are 'squishy' at best, and deceptive at worst. A good real world programmer requires adaptability.
You can NOT develop operational software without knowing the Requirements; but, you can have a jolly good stab at developing what your experience tells you the Requirements are likely to be. Agile development uses a combination of 'intuitive' techniques, including the 80:20 Rule and the 'discovery' of Requirements by prototyping. In other words, an experienced development team makes a best guess at what's needed and produces a prototype of the software. The 80:20 Rule says they'll be 80% correct. The project stakeholders then review the tangible prototype. Their feedback begins to fill the 20% gap in our understanding of the Requirements. So, in effect, Agile isn't about writing software without any requirements, rather, it's about using your prior experience to say, "are you wanting something like this?" Which, in 80% of cases, will allow you to leap ahead and confirm what's really needed quicker than plodding through traditional Requirements processes.
Who said Agile was writing code in the absence of requirements? I know the Manifesto has been interpreted this way by some...but that doesn't make it right.


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Given two cohomology theories $h^{\bullet}$ and $k^{\bullet}$, we define their direct sum $(h \oplus k)^{\bullet}$ as the cohomology theory $(h \oplus k)^{n}(X) := h^{n}(X) \oplus k^{n}(X)$. If I'm not wrong, this is another cohomology theory, whose spectrum is the wedge product of the corresponding spectra. For example, the singular cohomology with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z} \oplus \mathbb{Z}$ is the direct sum of two copies of the one with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}$.
Let us call a theory $h^{\bullet}$ irreducible if it is not decomposable as a non-trivial direct sum. Is it true that, if $h^{\bullet}$ is irreducible, then the cohomology groups of the point are also irreducible? In other words, is it true that $h^{n}(pt) = \mathbb{Z}, \mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$ or $0$, but never a non-trivial direct sum of them?
If the answer is no, is it true for multiplicative theories?
Added later: The answer is no, as shown by Eric Wofsey. So I modify the question: is it true that the free part of $h^{n}(pt)$ is $\mathbb{Z}$ or $0$, but never $\mathbb{Z}^{n}$ with $n > 1$?


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Fairyland Ice Cream
Barnesville shop has more than just ice cream
September 20, 2012
Why does September always seem to come so quickly? Sure, we love autumn ... crisp air, colored leaves, hoodies, football ... there are many things that make it great....
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