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Troubleshoot ruei-install.sh, Debug RPM Pre/Post-Install Scripts, eg. ux-collector & ux-core rpms
By Sthieme-Oracle on Jan 21, 2013
To remove a RUEI system, please follow the steps outlined in Appendix H Removing RUEI From Systems of the RUEI Installation guide.
Usually it boils down to run step number 3.)
Remove the installed RUEI RPMs by issuing the following command as the root user:
rpm -qa | grep ^ux- | xargs rpm -e
If parts of the installed RPMs were removed manually or corrupted, errors might be encountered in the above step.
In this case, you should issue the following command:
rpm -qa | grep ^ux- | xargs rpm -e --noscripts
Note that part of the installation may remain after issuing the above command.
In case you want to troubleshoot the pre/post-scripts the following two commands might be useful, where ux-core is an example rpm file of RUEI:
rpm -Uhvv ux-core-184.108.40.206.1-20120109.x86_64.rpm > OutputOfScripts
rpm -qp --scripts ux-core-22.214.171.124.1-20120109.x86_64.rpm > ListOfScripts
Kind regards,

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Brain & Nervous System Health Center
Primary Myelofibrosis
It is possible that the main title of the report Primary Myelofibrosis is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report.
- agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM)
- chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (CIMF)
- myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
- idiopathic myelofibrosis
Disorder Subdivisions
- None
General Discussion
Primary myelofibrosis is a rare bone marrow disorder that is characterized by abnormalities in blood cell production (hematopoiesis) and scarring (formation of fibrous tissue) within the bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft, spongy tissue that fills the center of most bones. Bone marrow contains specialized cells called hematopoietic stem cells that grow and eventually develop into one of the three main types of blood cells: red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets. In primary myelofibrosis, a change in the DNA of a single hematopoietic stem cell causes the abnormal cell to continually reproduce itself. Eventually, these abnormal cells crowd out normal, healthy cells in the marrow and, along with scarring within the marrow, disrupt the production of red and white blood cells and platelets.
The symptoms associated with primary myelofibrosis vary and are related to the abnormalities affecting blood cell production. Affected individuals may not have symptoms at the time of diagnosis (asymptomatic) may remain symptom-free for many years. Eventually, affected individuals may develop fatigue, fever, frequent infections, pale skin, night sweats and unexplained weight loss. An enlarged (spleen) is a common finding. An enlarged liver (hepatomegaly) may also occur.
In approximately 50 percent of cases, a mutation of the JAK2 gene has been detected. The exact role this abnormal gene plays in the development of the disorder is unknown.
Primary myelofibrosis belongs to a group of diseases known as the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). This group of disorders is characterized by the overproduction (proliferation) of one or more of the three main blood cell lines - red or white blood cells or platelets. Three other disorders are commonly classified as MPNs: chronic myeloid leukemia, essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. Myelofibrosis may occur as a secondary characteristic of polycythemia vera or essential thrombocytyemia. Because the MPNs are characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, they may also be classified as blood cancers.
Leukemia & Lymphoma Society
1311 Mamaroneck Avenue
Suite 310
White Plains, NY 10605
Tel: (914)949-5213
Fax: (914)949-6691
Tel: (800)955-4572
Email: email@example.com
Internet: http://www.LLS.org
American Cancer Society, Inc.
250 Williams NW St
Ste 6000
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Tel: (404)320-3333
Tel: (800)227-2345
Internet: http://www.cancer.org
National Cancer Institute
6116 Executive Blvd Suite 300
Bethesda, MD 20892-8322
Tel: (301)435-3848
Tel: (800)422-6237
Email: email@example.com
Internet: http://www.cancer.gov
Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research
Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin Clinical Cancer Center
9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue
Milwaukee, WI 53226
Tel: (414)805-0700
Fax: (414)805-0714
Email: email@example.com
Internet: http://www.cibmtr.org/
National Bone Marrow Transplant Link
20411 W. 12 Mile Rd
Suite 108
Southfield, MI 48076
Tel: (248)358-1886
Fax: (248)358-1889
Tel: (800)546-5268
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Internet: http://www.nbmtlink.org
Italian Registry of Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia
Laboratoria Di Informatica Medica
IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo
Viale Golgi 19
Pavia, 27100
Tel: 800279656
Fax: 0382503393
Email: email@example.com
Internet: http://www.myelofibrosis.net
Rare Cancer Alliance
1649 North Pacana Way
Green Valley, AZ 85614
Internet: http://www.rare-cancer.org
Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center
PO Box 8126
Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8126
Tel: (301)251-4925
Fax: (301)251-4911
Tel: (888)205-2311
Internet: http://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/GARD/
CMPD Education Foundation
P.O. Box 4758
Scottsdale, AZ 85261
Email: email@example.com
Internet: http://www.mpdinfo.org/CMPD_foundation.html
Myeloproliferative Disease Support and Daily Email Digest
2011 Flagler Ave.
Key West, FL 33040
Tel: (305)295-4444
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Internet: http://www.mpdsupport.org/
MPN Research Foundation
180 N. Michigan Avenue, Suite 1870
Chicago, IL 60601
Tel: (312)683-7249
Fax: (312)332-0840
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Internet: http://www.mpnresearchfoundation.org
For a Complete Report:
This is an abstract of a report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). A copy of the complete report can be downloaded free from the NORD website for registered users. The complete report contains additional information including symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, standard and investigational therapies (if available), and references from medical literature. For a full-text version of this topic, go to www.rarediseases.org and click on Rare Disease Database under "Rare Disease Information".
The information provided in this report is not intended for diagnostic purposes. It is provided for informational purposes only. NORD recommends that affected individuals seek the advice or counsel of their own personal physicians.
It is possible that the title of this topic is not the name you selected. Please check the Synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and Disorder Subdivision(s) covered by this report
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through the date at the end of the topic. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current information about this disorder.
For additional information and assistance about rare disorders, please contact the National Organization for Rare Disorders at P.O. Box 1968, Danbury, CT 06813-1968; phone (203) 744-0100; web site www.rarediseases.org or email firstname.lastname@example.com
Last Updated: 5/8/2013
Copyright 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2008, 2011, 2013 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
WebMD Medical Reference from the National Organization for Rare Disorders


text:
Water Animal Connect the Dots
Connect the dots to find out what kind of water animal is giving Jamie a ride.
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Les Sylphides
Posted 04 April 2002 - 08:03 PM
Baryshnikov, the dreamy Marrianna Tcherkassky, Cheryl Yeager and buoyent Cynthia Harvey are the principles.
Baryshnikov's solo was danced to different music than I seen in the past. Does anyone know why? Is his original Chopinanna music?
I have to say ABT knows how to do Les Sylphides.
Posted 04 April 2002 - 08:13 PM
Posted 04 April 2002 - 08:28 PM
Glebb, I think I remember reading that Baryshnikov brought with him the sllo he'd learned in Russia. There are, I believe, as many different versions of Les Sylphides as there are companies Fokine visited.
There are also quite a few on video. I like the Royal's mid-60s version with Fonteyn and Nureyev -- and I never could figure out who the other ballerinas were. It's interesting because it's more classical trhan romantic, yet still very soft and musical.
There's also a Bolshoi one. I THINK I saw this long ago, as a film, with Ulanova and N. Fadeyechev.
There must be a Kirov version on video -- you can have a Les Sylphides festival, Glebb
Posted 04 April 2002 - 10:14 PM
Posted 05 April 2002 - 12:34 AM
Did you do the mazurka? What was it like to dance? Looks like the jumps are all soft, to deep fondu -- must take a lot of stretch and a lot of breath....
And of htecourse the pas de deux, your cabrioles would have to be so clear and so distinct ath te same time as you're being totally in touch with your partner, who's bourrees are going to show it if you jar her at all -- and aren't you both going BACKWARDS most of the time?
What a beautiful ballet.......
at, I THINK the second ballerina -- the blonde, WONDERFUL dancer -- is SIbley-- the one who does the quick jetes onto pointe and the tour jetes ending in arabesque looking peek-a-boo under the arm.... couldn't b e Beriosova, or could it?
Nureyev was very poetic in that mazurka -- so soft, so musical, such beautiful line... And Fonteyn is so musical, the way she coupes and launches into her bourrees, it's dreamy....
The Oakland Ballet -- I know, I must sound like their PR agent, God knows it isn't so, they've been an EXASPERATING company, but they DID do a beautiful Sylphides --
though they never filled the male role adequately, the ladies danced it beautifully -- well, it was such a pleasure to see it LIVE, in 3-D-- certain effects that are VERY beautiful, you have to be there to see... like at some point when everybody's dancing downstage right, the ballerina by herself upstage Left (it was Lara Deans Lowe who made me see this) does a long-sustained arabesque allongee that points to them...... maybe I hallucinated this image (it's the sort of thing a video cameraman might leave out altogether, since you have to see hte whole stage-picture to see it); it hangs in my imagination, though, as almost aharmonic convergence, something LIKE that must happen -- maybe "the miseries" (the Moyna and Zulma of Les Sylphides) were doing something, or maybe it was the ballerina and her partner and it was the seconda donna who made this reverence to them, but it was a WONDERFUL effect, very very quiet....
The last time they did it, Phaedra Jarrett danced one of the supporting variatinos with such an exquisite softness in the upper body, such generous qualities to the breath, you could feel Isadora Duncan inspiring Fokines project, that way she had of making the movement start in the breath that you can still see in Valentine Gross's drawings of her....
Posted 05 April 2002 - 04:02 AM
The slow tempo makes phrasing and attack paramount, and talk about casting against type - I was a demi-caractére dancer and here I was doing this dreamy legato! There's enough time in the music, given the tempo for the ups to be very much up and the downs to be very much down, but you have to move between the two more like a soap bubble being carried on a breeze. No "chugging" in the pas de mazourke! One of the trickier parts is in the very opening combination, which sets the tone and style for the whole rest of the dance. It's two mazurka steps, an assemblé dessus, a sissone to first arabesque and then a piqué into attitude croisé onto the foot that's raised in arabesque! And all seamless and with a liquid but still masculine port de bras throughout.
Compared and contrasted with the legato male variations that sprang up in ballets during the late 60s and early 70s, this one has them beat all to little pieces in terms of style and technical demand on a male dancer!
Posted 05 April 2002 - 04:05 AM
Posted 05 April 2002 - 08:05 AM
Posted 07 April 2002 - 06:27 AM
I've also heard that for "Chopinianna", the march, that is used at the beginning of Robbin's "The Concert" ,was the overture.
Does anyone know?
Posted 07 April 2002 - 06:46 AM
As a ballet, "Les Sylphides" first appears with that name in public at the 1909 Season of the Diaghilev Ballets Russes.
Posted 07 April 2002 - 06:53 AM
Posted 07 April 2002 - 06:55 AM
In 1909, with Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, LES SYLPHIDES (re-christened thus by Diaghilev and more or less in the shape known widely since then) was given in Paris, with orchestrations by Igor Stravinsky, Alexander Taneyev, and Galzunov.
w/ regard to the "Polonaise Militaire," to this day, or at least when it was last given hereabouts, the Kirov/Marysinksy Ballet has used this composition, orchestrated as in THE CONCERT, as an overture to its staging of CHOPINIANA.
i'm not sure if this rousing polonaise was part of the 1909 Paris premiere.
[my source for this information is appendix A in Lynn Garafola's DIAGHILEV'S BALELTS RUSSES (Oxford University Press, 1998)]
Posted 07 April 2002 - 06:58 AM
Posted 07 April 2002 - 12:41 PM
Posted 07 April 2002 - 02:00 PM
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Someone in my company recently proposed changes to our core product that our managers feel should trigger what I guess my company considers a full QA cycle (i.e. testing the entire product suite from the ground up). Apparently our QA takes 12 weeks to do a full QA cycle for our product. My problem with this is that we are trying to do Agile (although mostly half-assed in my opinion) development. We will do a whole set of sprints and then do a release, which QA will take forever to go through I guess. The question is really, if our QA is going to take 12 weeks to do their job, shouldn't we just give up trying to do Agile? What the hell is the point of trying to do Agile in a situation like this?
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Well, the direct answer to your question would be Mu I'm afraid - there's just not enough details to make an informed guess whether you should or not quit trying.
The only thing I am pretty positive about is that level of agility should be driven by customer / market needs (which you gave no info about).
Another thing to consider is what level quality is required to serve your customer / market needs?
Now, let's look a little closer into these 12 weeks you mention.
What options did you consider to shorten QA cycle? as you can see from above example, simply skipping it might not give you what you expect so you better be, well, agile and consider different ways to address it.
For example, did you consider ways to improve testability of your product?
Or, did you consider brute-force solution to just hire more QA? However simple it looks, in some cases this is indeed the way to go. I've seen the inexperienced management trying to fix product quality problems by blindly hiring more and more senior developers where just a pair of average professional testers would suffice. Pretty pathetic.
The last but not the least - I think one should be agile about very application of agile principles. I mean, if the project requirements aren't agile (stable or change slowly), then why bother? I once observed top management forcing Scrum in projects that were doing perfectly well without. What a waste it was. Not only there were no improvements in their delivery but worse, developers and testers all became unhappy.
update based on clarifications provided in comments
Shippable release I see. Hm. Hmmm. Consider adding a shot or two of Lean into your Agile cocktail. I mean, if this is not a customer/market need then this would mean only a waste of (testing) resources.
I for one see nothing criminal in treating Sprint-end-release as just some checkpoint that satisfies the team.
You got it exactly right. Also from what you describe it looks like you got to the state (team/management maturity and customer relationship) allowing you to use regular iterative model development instead of Scrum. If so then you might be also interested to know that per my experience in cases like that regular iterative felt more productive than Scrum. Much more productive - there was simply so much less overhead, it was simply so much easier to focus on development (for QA to respectively focus on testing).
Above sounds like a good plan. I worked in such a project once. We shipped monthly releases with updates localized within small low-risk components and QA sign-off for these was as easy as it gets.
Oh, I do feel your pain. There are some serious changes you need to make to the QA team for this to work.
My advice is to split the team into three teams:
Feature testing - Fast turn-around on testing new developments.
Regression testing - Fully testing the product before it goes out of the door. This shouldn't take 3 months, even after reducing the team size because most bugs will be found by the first team.
Automated testing - Writing a full suite of regression tests to speed up the job of the regression testing team.
The third team is a bonus, but if you can't have the first two teams then you may as well be waterfall.
By way of illustration:
Note that your QA team is probably working outside the (ATDD) circle, and you are working inside.
I think it is OK to work that way; if you can prove in your automated tests that you are fulfilling the customer's requirements on each sprint, you can allow QA to perform their tests at their leisure, and come to you with defects, which you can then work into the next sprint.
It sounds like you have a "Definition of Done" problem.
Given that your QA group is external, and only involved on customer releases, you can't rely on them for timely feedback on issues. That means if you want rapid feedback, you're going to have to bring some degree of testing "in-house" for the team.
Treat the QA Group as if they don't exist. Act is if your release at the end of the sprint will be deployed to your most critical environment the next day. The software isn't done until it's ready to go to the customers.
QA should find nothing.
This will be harder to get to. You'll probably have some things that sneak through the first few times. Automated acceptance tests and "regression" tests are your best friends here. TDD will help you build up large parts of such suites. You should be able to know -- quickly -- if you've broken anything.
Do you have a customer representative / product owner who can see a given release before QA is done with it and give you authoritative feddback on it? If so, you can do, and have most of the benefit of, agile methods while treating QA as a secondary, somewhat slow source of feedback. A release would be only "officially ready" after QA is through with it, but you wouldn't have to wait for them before starting the next.
But if the company rules say that the customer must not see a release before QA is done with it, then you can pretty much forget about being agile, until you manage to have those rules changed.
The process you described is not an agile process. Teams who have a high degree of agility are able to deliver reliable and potentially releasable builds every sprint. In most agile implementations, the QA function is built within the agile team helping to achieve this goal.
If you, your project lead, your product owner and the developers are not working together and you do not have an improvement plan (retrospectives) then name your process something else and move on. It does not appear that your teams problems are the fault of managers or QA. They seem to be reacting to some systemic problem coming out of the development organization. All is not lost if the team is willing to take responsibility and begin working with stakeholders.
You could try three things. One, make sure each stakeholder has concisely defined roles and that each person understands their responsibility. Two, stabilize the build and then get signoff from QA without introducing more changes. Three, institute test automation. The QA team will love you for it.
Its a pity the feedback takes so long but I don't think it is worth stopping with agile. At the end of a sprint (or a couple) you release a product you are confident it could be put in the market. For your team agile brings the ability to focus on the work to be done and keep the product releasable. When the QA finds issues I suggest to create bug reports for these issues and address them in the next sprint (if they have a high enough priority).
Our product field tests take a full 8 week plus that we are dependent of outside growers. Still by doing agile we are able to stay focused on the work at hand and produce a new version really quick when needed.
The problem lies (in your eyes) with the QA department can the problem be solved there? Have you discussed it?
12 weeks is long, but hopefully QA can provide you with feedback and bug reports during that time (rather then after the three months).
Then you can still respond to the most important issues in an agile way and can fix many if not all before they've even finished!
What are the QA people doing while you're executing multiple sprints? Sounds like they feel the need to test everything after every change (Which is why they wait for a whole bunch of changes.).
The development team is agile, but the rest of the company is not.
Whoever is in charge of QA either doesn't know what he/she is doing or they have performed a Jedi Mind Trick on upper management and are allowed to take their sweet time. How can QA take longer than development?


text:
Running against Bloomberg
New York City voters will choose Democratic and Republican candidates for mayor tomorrow, and the vote in the Democratic primary is shaping up in many ways as a commentary on Mayor Michael Bloomberg's 12 years in office.
The major Democratic candidates are probably in reality within a few degrees of each other politically, but have presented themselves to voters in significantly different ways. Early on, City Council Speaker Christine Quinn led the polls and appeared to many to be on the way to becoming the city's first woman mayor. As the second most powerful person in city government, she tempered the West Side activism of her earlier days and allied herself with Bloomberg. If the polls are right, this was a big political mistake.
Bill de Blasio, the city's public advocate, emerged from the pack through timely and rigorous attacks on the Bloomberg's NYPD stop-and-frisk program. His family -- his African-American wife and their son -- played a big role in attracting what polls indicate will be a significant chunk of the black vote ... old-fashioned ethnic politics. Bill Thompson, who is black and is in second place in the polls, is struggling to claim that vote.
Bloomberg gave what could turn out to be a crucial last-minute boost to de Blasio by denouncing him in a weekend interview -- providing enough of a push to possibly put de Blasio over the 40 percent mark he needs to avoid a run-off against the No. 2 vote-getter.
Bloomberg has accomplished much in 12 years in office: recovery from the 9/11 attack; lower crime rates; massive re-zonings; and many innovations in health and education. He had the courage to say the obvious when others were not willing to do so: guns are dangerous; there is a First Amendment right to build a mosque.
Given that, why would a negative word from Bloomberg boost the prospects of a candidate seeking to replace him in office?
Any official in such a high-profile office is likely to make decisions that turn off some voters now and again. But I wouldn't say the rise of an anti-Bloomberg mayoral candidate stems from any individual issue, including the stop-and-frisk controversy. It's more a matter of Bloomberg's style.
The huge amount of money Bloomberg spends from his personal fortune to buy off critics or level would-be obstacles -- say, the Republicans in the State Senate, or segments of the city's influential non-profit sector -- brings him far more power than public officials normally have based on a mandate from voters. That combination of money and power is disturbing.
Then, too, there is a certain Big Brother aspect to his administration. This goes in many directions, from the huge increase in searches of innocent people walking down the street, to surveillance of mosques, to a ban on large soft-drink containers, to increasing numbers of red-light cameras and surveillance cameras. Pulling all the strings his wealth and power allowed, Bloomberg managed to get a third term as mayor even though the law -- a law he once supported -- had said a mayor was limited to two. In overcoming the will voters expressed in two referenda, he subverted democracy.
In the end, this may not be the city New Yorkers want.
About the Author
Paul Moses, a professor of journalism at Brooklyn College/CUNY, is the author of The Saint and the Sultan: The Crusades, Islam and Francis of Assisi's Mission of Peace (Doubleday, 2009) and An Unlikely Union: The Love-Hate Story of New York's Irish and Italians (NYU Press, 2015).
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From a distance, New York mayors tend to look better than the mayors of, say, Chicago and Los Angeles look from an equal distance. At the same time, the one New York resident with whom I have been in steady contact for his more than 50 years in Gotham (my best man whom I have known since freshman year in college, which is even longer ago) refers to Michael Bloomberg as "El Duce." But that's what he has called every mayor starting with, I believe, Ed Koch. FWIW, he will hold his nose and vote for de Blasio in the primary, but if de Blasio loses the primary, he will do terrible things (like writing in his own name) in the general election. In any case, no matter who wins, even if it is his man for now, it will be El Duce. New Yorkers!
Many years ago as a classroom teacher I lived in the Bronx. Learned many things. Chief among them was that NYC politics was a tribal affair to the core. Issues matter little. Ethnic connections matter a lot. Think: Balkans more than boroughs.
In an clumsy attempt to help his protege's flagging campaign to succeed Mayor Moneybags, Bloomberg has played the race card - nothing that is unexpected or out-of-bounds in NYC politics. It's been that way since before the days of Tammany Hall.
You'd think with all that money Bloomberg could have hired some hip consultants to test market the best way to make such a blatant appeal to remind all those Irish, Italian and Jewish voters that with the De Blasio's Gracie Mansion would become decidedly mixed-race.
While this kind of ethnic politics worked well against folks like Michael Dinkins or a Mario Biaggi, this time it only underscored the very appeal of someone like De Blasio. Maybe New Yorkers feel that they would like their mayor and his family to look like most of them?
D'yah think that Bloomberg will become a Republican again now that he doesn't have to face re-election anymore? D'yah think that Anthony Weiner will finally understand that no voters want someone who obviously has no self-control? Probably not - on both accounts.
I'm on my way to vote for Quinn. A neighborhood organzing group in her Council District always seemd to work pretty well with her and I thought she wasgood on neighborhood issues.
Off to vote on the trusty old voting machines resurrected for this primary. I am doing Thompson, Brewer, and Stringer....
One thing personal fortune did for Bloomberg was that he did not have to compromise his principles to satisfy donors. The school system which has always been fiercely independent did not like him even tho reform of the system was necessary. Yet he was a popular mayor. As far as his coattails go people do not want to be told who to vote for. More imporantly the candidate must make her own appeal. Bloomberg or anyone else can't help with that.
Just voted. Love voting and not just because I'm from Chicago. The one civic thing we do that seems to hearten the neighborhood. People out canvasing on the corner for their candidate. "Vote for my brother, please." Veteran voting ladies, know your name, know your party, thank you for voting. Old machine worked perfectly!
After work I'm heading to Bensonhurst to be a poll watcher for a city council candidate. I hope my machines work as well as yours did. Otherwise it's going to be a looooong night.
The second-to-last line of Isaac Chotiner's New Republic item on the New York magazine interview of outgoing mayor Michael Bloomberg: "Bloomberg's essentially successful mayoralty certainly makes up for a number of his defects."
This sort of sums up for me the ambivalence I sense a lot of voters feel about Bloomberg's legacy, what with the qualifier ("essentially sucessful") and hedge ("a number of defects"--which ones?). There's a lot of summoned vitriol about the overturning of term limits, and legitimate and understandable anger over stop-and-frisk, and a general feeling of something not being quite right about the New York he's leaving us (too expensive, too gentrified, too many condos and not enough smoky bars or OTBs). But he was returned to office twice, and even as late as July (according to Marist) his favorables were at 53%; now, after a summer of the field running explicitly against his mayoralty, he's still at 46%, which other ostensibly reviled incumbents would probably be happy to get out of town with. I get the sense that, in spite of themselves, a considerable number of New Yorkers do have the city they want yet are uncomfortable admitting it. That may say something about the kind of person who lives in New York now. Or it could just say something about a mayor whose essentially successful time in office helps make up for some of his faults.
I have to say (grudgingly- and in complete agreement about the defects) that I think Bloomberg did a decent job. I think we weathered this horrendous recession pretty well, considering. And I think the service programs, affordable housing programs, the kinds of things easy to kill in tough times, survived better than I would have expected. My friends often pose the question: but which people benefitted from this administration? I don't think this adminstration just benefitted the well-off; I feel like poor people and poor neighborhoods did better under this mayor than under some of his predecessors.
"Just voted. Love voting and not just because I'm from Chicago."
The only reason your vote counted was because you were a Democrat. LOL
If you're concerned about the survival of Catholic schools your choice is clear - you should vote for Anthony Weiner. I'm surprised the hierarchy hasn't endorsed him.
"Weiner proposed helping non-public schools — he cited cash-strapped Catholic schools in particular — with publicly funded support that they are already entitled to, including technology, health care and security.
'We've made it much too difficult for parish schools in this city and they are an asset and we should all mourn when they disappear.'"
Jim Jenkins wrote:
While this kind of ethnic politics worked well against folks like Michael Dinkins or a Mario Biaggi, this time it only underscored the very appeal of someone like De Blasio.
I am perplexed as to how "ethnic politics" worked against both Dinkins (David not Michael, I assume) and Mario Biaggi.
I was represented by Mr. Biaggi for many years and remember well his downfall. He accepted bribes in the Wedtech scandal, resigned from Congress and was ultimately convicted of many Federal crimes and sentenced to prison. How exactly did ethnic politics work against him? I see how Giuliani used ethnic politics against Dinkins. I see no parallel to Biaggi whatsoever. Biaggi did not lose his seat in Congress to a Jewish State Assemblyman because of ethnic divisions. He lost because he was corrupt and was headed to jail in the middle of his re-election campaign.
Generally speaking -- I think you are painting NYers with way too broad a brush, Mr. Jenkins. (Or maybe you need to come back and experience NYC and the Bronx anew!) While there is no doubt tribalism plays a role in many political races in NYC (and in many other places too!), issues do matter to many NYC voters. As Mr. Moses points out in this piece, issues such as ending stop and frisk helped de Blasio separate himself from the field.
His overall demeanor on stop and frisk makes Bloomberg seem like the keeper of a gated community who just doesn't understand why the help mind having their pockets searched on the way home for the day, especially since he pays them so well. Those unpleasant qualities seem to have really risen to the fore over the last six months as he has tried to defend stop and frisk against judicial oversight. So while Bloomberg might be a net positive for the city, as with all averages, those who are on the receiving end of his negatives might be more than willing to emphasize the negatives at their next voting opportunity. Quinn just seems to have been caught in the middle having been a little too subservient to Bloomberg at the wrong time and on the wrong issues and doesn't have the personality to overcome that perception.


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Air Pollution and Pregnancy
If you live in the city, you know you're not breathing the best air around. Cars, trucks, furnaces, and industrial machinery all spew poisonous carbon monoxide into the air. If you breathe in a lot of second-hand smoke from cigarettes and cigars, you're also taking in carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is a deadly, odorless gas that causes sudden death at high levels of concentration. You've heard stories, undoubtedly, about entire families who have died in their sleep because of furnace malfunctions that filled their houses with carbon monoxide. You've probably heard, too, that people commit suicide by closing the garage doors and sitting in a car with the motor running; it doesn't take long for the carbon monoxide (produced by the car) to kill. Obviously, carbon monoxide is not good for your growing baby.
Baby Talk
Fetal growth retardation is an abnormality of fetal growth inside the womb that causes a tenfold increase in mortality.
When carbon monoxide enters the body it interferes with the blood's ability to bring oxygen to all body parts and organs. Without oxygen, the body soon shuts down. In the fetus, carbon monoxide crosses the placenta and reduces the amount of oxygen that is delivered and circulated. This can cause a condition called fetal growth retardation.
Although carbon monoxide is dangerous, it's not necessary to start holding your breath every time you walk outside. A few commonsense precautions will keep your baby perfectly healthy:
- Check your furnace for carbon monoxide leaks and get a carbon monoxide detector for your house.
- Make sure wood-burning stoves, fireplaces, gas heaters, gas stoves, and space heaters are all working properly. All of them can leak carbon monoxide.
- Check the exhaust system in your car for leaks. Don't start the car in the garage with the garage doors closed. Keep the car's air vents closed when you're in heavy traffic.
- Avoid jogging, running, walking, or cycling along roads with heavy traffic.
- Avoid smoke-filled rooms.
- Try to stay indoors on "smog alert" days.
Millions of healthy babies are born to mothers who live in smog-choked cities and who spend lots of time in smoke-filled rooms. But to be on the safe side, avoid plopping yourself in the middle of a smog-filled or smoky area.
excerpted from:
Excerpted from The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pregnancy and Childbirth © 2004 by Michele Isaac Gliksman, M.D. and Theresa Foy DiGeronimo. All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Used by arrangement with Alpha Books, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
To order this book visit Amazon's website or call 1-800-253-6476.


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(Photo taken outside of suspect James Holmes' apartment on July 20, 2012, by Beth Bartel/CU News Corps)
Katharina Buchholz awoke to the sound of her phone ringing at 7:30 on a morning last July. When she answered, a fellow student asked her to come to the Armory, where CU's Journalism & Mass Communication program is headquartered. There had been a mass shooting at a movie theater in Aurora.
Buchholz was one of the first members of what came to be called the CU News Corps. It began last summer as an informal group of students working under faculty supervision to cover an unprecedented wave of major breaking news stories, including statewide wildfires and the Aurora shooting. In the fall, News Corps became a class to teach advanced students how to produce breaking news of such quality that it could be distributed to professional news outlets.
As the semester progressed, the class also took on in-depth analysis and reporting on campaign advertising spending. Many of those stories were picked up by state and local news outlets.
The News Corps has now received a donation of $100,000, over two years, from university supporters Bill and Kathy Scripps, CU parents who also have supported the Parent Fund and CU athletics. The money is helping to pay for equipment, training and faculty support for the News Corps.
"The program at CU has a reputation for excellence and we hope this gift will help to enrich the students' real-world experience and enable them to compete in a very competitive and ever-changing media environment,'' Bill Scripps said. "The media world is at a crossroads and we need the smartest and best-educated professionals to help guide the industry into the future."
Scripps is a great-grandson of newspaper publisher E.W. Scripps, founder of Scripps Howard Newspapers, and president/CEO of Scripps Aviation, an aircraft management company based in Carlsbad, Calif. Kathy Scripps is an equestrian enthusiast. The two have a son, Willie, who attends CU-Boulder, and a daughter, Shelby.
JMC Director Chris Braider suggested creating the News Corps when professional media outlets were stretched thin by the wildfires. Instructor Sandra Fish said the class simultaneously offers a specific type of training for students, and story placement with professional news outlets that bolsters their resumes. "It gives them some (professional) bylines, something they can point to and say 'I contributed to this project, and I understand how to do this sort of thing,' ''she said. "We're really reaching out to the Colorado media and doing things that are real rather than just writing a story for class."
The Aurora shootings provided an eye-opening look at the chaos of a big breaking-news scene, Buchholz said. "It was a lesson on how frustrating it can be with so many other people from the media there. … How are you competing with them? What do you do when people won't talk to you? Where do you go next?"
When she found out that three Indonesians who had been at the theater were unaccounted for, Buchholz contacted the Indonesian Embassy. Officials there put her in touch with family and friends of the three, who told her they had suffered relatively minor injuries. It was difficult to talk to victims' loved ones, Buchholz said, but they were receptive and provided valuable information.
Fish said she tries to prepare her students for the challenges of such stories. "We've talked about what's important in these situations, from having people in the field to having others at a home base to provide those in the field with guidance and disseminate our information. Professor Meg Moritz talked to the class about sensitivity with sources in the field. And we've practiced using Google Fusion maps, something that could come in handy the next time there's, say, a wildfire that destroys homes. Maps can provide valuable information in natural disasters."
The students are also getting practice with technology. Among other things, the Scripps donation funded kits, called "go-bags," with tools for producing live, multimedia coverage. The bags include live-stream cameras, portable wireless routers that can be used as mobile Wi-Fi spots, and iPads. The tools will equip students to feed live coverage to news website and blogs, Twitter, YouTube, Facebook and other social media platforms.
As the semester progressed, students launched a project to analyze campaign advertising expenditures during the campaign season. Boulder Daily Camera City Editor Matt Sebastian was impressed by their work. "The stories are interesting, and they're well written and well edited," he said. The stories on campaign ad buys were particularly helpful because the students' database work went deeper than the paper's staff had time to do.
"One of the reasons this project is so important is because it provides quality content to news outlets at a time when their resources are stretched increasingly thin," JMC Director Braider said. "In an era when journalism education needs to keep up with industry changes, reform advocates are calling for what they refer to as the "hospital model," following from the idea that medical students treat patients while they're in training. Our News Corps follows a similar plan."
In the fall semester, the class had six students, including advertising manager Jordan Wilsted. He's always been interested in news and is considering pursuing a graduate journalism degree. The class deepened his interest. "I like being able to think both creatively and analytically in my advertising classes, and also in News Corps. I like finding that balance," he said. His story on voters' opinions about advertising was picked up by the Boulder Daily Camera and the Fox 31 News website.
Buchholz wrote about online ads called pre-rolls that play before streaming videos on websites. Student Zachary Cook wrote a story about broadcast football games as a prime market for campaign spending. The story was picked up by 9News and The Denver Post.
Cook said he learned a lot about interviewing time-strapped campaign spokespeople. "My main strategy was to have pen, paper and questions ready before I called them, since the first words out of their mouths would almost always be, 'I don't have a lot of time' or, 'I need to be in a meeting,' '' Cook said.
Buchholz said not all her stories have been published, but writing with that prospect in mind taught her a lot. "It's been good to write things that actually matter to an audience," she said. "Most of the time you're writing for school, and you're never sure if anyone cares. With this, you know that your work matters."
By Lucia Palmer (MA '12)


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Playwright/composer Lindsay Warren Baker
GENESEO, N.Y. -- Stephen Sondheim's musical "A Little Night Music" is coming to the stage of SUNY Geneseo as the college's musical theater program presents the acclaimed show Feb. 29 - March 3 at 8 p.m. in the Alice Austin Theatre.
Directing the production is Rochester native Lindsay Warren Baker, co-creator of the national production "Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, A Musical" which received enthusiastic notices from theater critics as part of the 2011 New York Musical Theatre Festival. The musical director for "A Little Night Music" is Gerard Floriano, professor of music at Geneseo.
"I am elated to have Lindsay working with out students as director of this Stephen Sondheim classic," said Floriano. "Her success as an actor, writer, director and choreographer will bring great energy to this incredible show, which is full of beautiful music, witty lyrics and an engaging storyline. Her direction, along with our talented cast and full orchestra, will make this a delightful theatrical experience."
"A Little Night Music" originally opened on Broadway in 1973 and was inspired by the Ingmar Bergman film "Smiles of a Summer Night." It has played in theaters around the world with numerous revivals since its opening. Among the music in the production is Sondheim's well-known ballad "Send in the Clowns."
In addition to "Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, A Musical," Baker's latest work with collaborator Amanda Jacobs is "Truth and Beauty: A Shakespeare Sonnet Project," commissioned by the Penfield Music Commission Project for mixed voices and symphony orchestra (to premiere in June 2012).
"I am so grateful to have the opportunity to bring this wonderful story and gorgeous score to life with the members of the musical theater program at SUNY Geneseo," said Baker. "Everyone has been incredibly welcoming, and I am impressed on a daily basis by the creativity and intelligence of all involved."
In addition to her experience as a playwright/composer, Baker also is an artist educator, stage manager, performer and choral conductor. Professional credits include work with Eastman Opera Theater, Mercury Opera Rochester, Rochester Shakespeare Players, Young Audiences of Rochester and the Ohio Light. She received her bachelor's degree in theater and music from St. Olaf College with additional training at the O'Neill national Theater Institute and Geva Theatre Center. She also is pursuing a master's degree.
Tickets for "A Little Night Music" are $8 for students; $9 for Geneseo faculty and staff; and $10 for the general public. They are available online or by calling (585) 245-5877.
Media Contact:
David Irwin
Media Relations Manager
(585) 245-5516


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Speech Lays Out Next Goals
President's Address Will Outline Priorities in Education and Climate Change
President Barack Obama is expected to detail an ambitious domestic agenda in his State of the Union address Tuesday, including measures on immigration, gun control, climate change and education.
The speech will open a limited window for Mr. Obama to accomplish his objectives before the politics of the 2014 and 2016 contests overtake his term. Complicating matters, the address comes as the threat of spending cuts known as the sequester dominate the discussion in Washington. Usually, a president delivers the speech in tandem with releasing his budget proposal, giving detail to his policies. This year, Mr. Obama isn't expected to send Congress his budget until mid-March.
The president has made clear immigration, gun control and climate change are top priorities. One former administration official said Mr. Obama in his speech would discuss reducing greenhouse gases in an effort to address climate change.
What They Said
The modern tradition of delivering an oral State of the Union message to Congress began in 1934. Compare how often presidents used selected words in their addresses.
Obama administration officials also have signaled plans to focus on the "bookends" of education—early childhood and college—during the second term. Education leaders say they expect Tuesday's address to underscore those priorities.
This week, the Center for American Progress think tank, a White House ally, laid out a plan to improve access to preschool education and child care. The group's officials shared the proposal with the administration, and Neera Tanden, the center's president, said she is hopeful the president would lay out similar goals in his speech.
The administration focused over the past four years on education policies for kindergarten through 12th grade, such as its signature Race to the Top competition, which prodded states to pass laws linking teacher evaluations to student test scores and expanded the number of charter schools. In his 2012 State of the Union, Mr. Obama spoke of stemming skyrocketing tuition expenses.
Terry Hartle, senior vice president of the American Council on Education, said he expects the president Tuesday to build on his earlier promises to make college more affordable. While he isn't anticipating a big new policy proposal, Mr. Hartle said the speech could make clear that reining in higher-education costs remains a priority while filling in some of the details of objectives already outlined.
Military officers and defense experts will be listening to the address for hints about Mr. Obama's decision on the long-term U.S. presence in Afghanistan when the mission concludes at the end of 2014. While military officials once envisioned a long-term force of 15,000 or more troops in Afghanistan, the White House requested the Pentagon provide options ranging from 3,000 to 9,000.
Analysts don't expect Mr. Obama to decide to remove all U.S. forces. But with only a few thousand troops in place after 2014, the mission would be limited to counterterrorism operations and high-level training of Afghan security forces.
Mr. Obama told House Democrats Thursday that his speech would highlight the importance of job creation, adding, "it means that we're focused on education and that every young person is equipped with the skills they need to compete in the 21st century."
—Stephanie Banchero, Peter Nicholas and Julian E. Barnes contributed to this article.
Write to Colleen McCain Nelson at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Agriculture & Food
Nothing is more basic to human well-being than having enough nutritious food to eat. Yet one in every eight people in the world — 842 million — are trapped in a cycle of hunger and poverty.
The reality is that most of the world doesn't have the benefit of picking up food from the corner store — they grow it themselves. Hunger is a crisis when disaster ruins the harvest. It is a cycle when families cannot grow or buy enough to lead healthy, productive lives, and when the effects of malnutrition are passed on to the next generation.
When food shortages occur due to drought and conflict, Mercy Corps helps prevent hunger and treat malnutrition in the most vulnerable — children, pregnant women, the elderly and the displaced. We distribute vouchers, cash or emergency rations, working with local suppliers to speed delivery, save money and boost local economies.
In addition to emergency responses, we focus on long-term solutions that build future food security.
Mercy Corps helps farmers manage their land, increase their harvests and diversify crops to produce a larger, more nutritious, and stable food supply. By teaching nutrition and hygiene, we ensure families can utilize their resources to boost their health. And we connect farmers with new markets and introduce more efficient methods of tending productive livestock and processing and storing crops to increase incomes for years to come.
All stories about Agriculture & Food
Niger: Mother and child in Niger
One of many mothers worried about the lack of food for their children after severe drought and a meager 2011 harvest have brought the lean season to Filingue and the rest of Niger months early.
Niger: Malnutrition screenings in Filingue
Mothers — and often grandmothers caring for babies left orphaned — come to the nutritional screening center in Filingue, where Mercy Corps volunteers assess each child for malnourishment using arm measurements and a formula that takes into account age and weight.
Myanmar: A father plants seeds for a new future
A wide grin spreads across U Myo Zaw's long, lively face as he eyes his new watering cans and vegetable seeds. The relatively simple supplies will help him cultivate his own small plot of land, a tremendous symbol of personal progress for him.
Japan: Women back to work as seaweed harvesting begins
Yesterday I met Hiroko Mirura. In her early 60s, Ms. Mirura is a former scallop merchant, proud wife of a fisherman, and a strong female leader in the town of Minamisanriku.
Niger: The growing food crisis in Niger
There's a crisis brewing in Niger, West Africa.
Ethiopia: Grain storage bags make a big impact for Ethiopia's farmers
Ethiopia: A simple solution makes a big impact for Ethiopia's farming families
When drought hits and families are struggling to survive, the solutions don't always have to be complicated or expensive. As I learnt from our team in Ethiopia last year, something as simple as a sack can mean the difference between hunger and happiness for a farming family.
Mongolia: Songs of success
Tserennadmid is a woman with plenty to sing about. Her company, Zugraan Egshig, or Six Tunes, is a thriving tourism and produce business located in an especially scenic region of Mongolia's Arkhangai province.
Nepal: From unbanked to borrowers
If you're a bank, eastern Nepal might not seem like the most desirable place to open new branches.
Myanmar: Daw Than Than Shwe, rice farmer
Fifty-five-year-old Daw Than Than Shwe, a mother of two, grows 27 acres of rice in Kyu Taw village in Myanmar's Irawaddy Delta.


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Admissions · Advising · Catalog · Financial Aid · Registrar · Scholarships
M.A. of Arts Degree in History - Non-Thesis Track
The MA degree in History (non-thesis) requires a minimum of 36 hours of approved course work, including HIST 598 (Historiography and Historical Method) and one research course (HIST 520, 532, and 542). In consultation with the graduate history advisor, a student may take 12 hours in an appropriate supporting field. The student must take course work in United States and non-United States history.
Each non-thesis track student in history must demonstrate proficiency in at least one foreign language prior to the awarding of the MA Degree. Proficiency will be measured either by the successful completion (with a C or better) of 14 hours in a single foreign language (either on an undergraduate or graduate level) or by obtaining a passing score on a standardized foreign language exam.
A written comprehensive examination will be administered after the student has completed her/his course work or during the semester of anticipated graduation. The examination, based on course work submitted for the MA degree plan, will be constructed, administered, and evaluated by the student's advisory committee. If the result of the examination is unsatisfactory, the student will be allowed to retake the comprehensive examination one additional time. Additional course work in areas of weakness may be required.


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We describe a less-known way of implementing typed embedded domain-specific languages in common metalanguages, stressing type preservation, typed compilation, and multiple interpretations. Type preservation statically and patently assures that interpreters never get stuck and hence run more efficiently. Perhaps counter-intuitively, tagless-final style also supports various transformations, from constant propagation and partial evaluation to CPS transformations and loop transformations. The typed-final style has been successfully used in Haskell, OCaml, Scala and even to some extent in Java and even C.
Our principal technique is to encode De Bruijn or higher-order abstract syntax using combinator functions rather than data constructors. In other words, we represent object terms not in an initial algebra but using the coalgebraic structure of the lambda-calculus. Our representation also simulates inductive maps from types to types, which are required for typed partial evaluation and CPS transformations. Our encoding of an object term abstracts uniformly over the family of ways to interpret it, yet statically assures that the interpreters never get stuck. This family of interpreters thus demonstrates again that it is useful to abstract over higher-kinded types.
Joint work with Jacques Carette and Chung-chieh Shan.
Lecture notes from the course on typed tagless-final embeddings of domain-specific languages
with mode details and more examples
README.txt [3K]
Commented code accompanying the JFP paper, with the complete implementations of all interpreters. The code files are in the same directory as the README.txt file.
Chung-chieh Shan: Translations. Blog post, August 17, 2007.
< http://conway.rutgers.edu/~ccshan/wiki/blog/posts/Translations/ >
The article elucidates typed tagless interpretations as a way to relate form with meaning in natural languages. An abstract syntax expression may be interpreted either to yield an utterance or text, or to yield a semantic denotation. Types (in linguistics, categories) ensure the well-formedness of forms, expressions, and denotations. More precisely, typed tagless interpretation turns out to closely related to abstract categorial grammars (ACGs).
Typed compilation is a generalization of typechecking (the latter merely verifies if an expression is well-typed). Typed compilation is relied upon when dynamically loading (typed) code or implementing typed DSL. Typed compilation is inherently a partial operation (a source term may be ill-typed) and it has to deal with (run-time) type representations. The result of compilation, however, has no type-related partiality and needs no type information. `Typecheck once, assuredly interpret many times' is our main goal. It is achievable, albeit not simply. We follow the seminal work of Baars and Swierstra on Typing Dynamic Typing.
Conceptually, the typed compiler is a function of the signature
typecheck :: Expr -> Term t , whose three concrete examples are given below. One must distinguish this function from a similar, also partial function
my_read :: Expr -> Term t . Although the latter has the same signature, the intent is different. When the user writes
my_read exp , the user is supposed to specify the type of the desired result. Just as when we write
read 1 in Haskell, we are supposed to specify the type of the expected value: Int, Integer, etc. The function
typecheck has a different intent: it computes the result type as well as derives the term of that type, the compilation result. The function indeed acts as a compiler of a typed language. The computed result type
Term t is a function of the structure of the untyped source expression -- that is, on the face of it, a dependent type. Our solutions are expressed in the language (Haskell) that is not normally thought of as a dependently typed language.
Arthur I. Baars and S. Doaitse Swierstra: Typing Dynamic Typing. ICFP 2002.
Metatypechecking: Staged Typed Compilation into GADT using typeclasses
Typed compilation to HOAS as emulation of staging
Typed compilation via GADTs
Relating Final and Initial typed tagless representations
The interpreters implementing different evaluation orders are very much alike. In fact, they are written so to share most of the code save for the interpretation of
lam . The semantics of abstraction is indeed what sets the three evaluation orders apart.
We define the DSL as a type class
EDSL . The type class declaration defines the syntax and its instances define the semantics of the language. Our DSL is typed; the DSL types are built using the constant
IntT and the binary infix type constructor
:-> .
data IntT data a :-> b infixr 5 :->We could have used Haskell's Int and arrow types as DSL types. For clarity, we chose to distinguish the object language types from the meta-language (Haskell) types.
class EDSL exp where lam :: (exp a -> exp b) -> exp (a :-> b) app :: exp (a :-> b) -> exp a -> exp b int :: Int -> exp IntT -- Integer literal add :: exp IntT -> exp IntT -> exp IntT sub :: exp IntT -> exp IntT -> exp IntTAfter introducing a convenient `macro'
let_ (which could have been called `bind') we write a sample object language term as follows:
let_ :: EDSL exp => exp a -> (exp a -> exp b) -> exp b let_ x y = (lam y) `app` x t2 :: EDSL exp => exp IntT t2 = (lam $ \z -> lam $ \x -> let_ (x `add` x) $ \y -> y `add` y) `app` (int 100 `sub` int 10) `app` (int 5 `add` int 5)
We embed the DSL into Haskell. We define the interpretation of DSL types into Haskell types as the following type function.
type family Sem (m :: * -> *) a :: * type instance Sem m IntT = Int type instance Sem m (a :-> b) = m (Sem m a) -> m (Sem m b)The interpretation is parameterized by the type
m , which must be a Monad. The use of type families is not essential, merely convenient. In fact, we can easily re-write the whole code in Haskell98, see below. We interpret EDSL expressions of the type
a as Haskell values of the type
S l m a:
newtype S l m a = S { unS :: m (Sem m a) }where
l is the label for the evaluation order, one of
Name ,
Value , or
Lazy .
Here is the call-by-name interpreter (with
sub elided). One of the reasons to parameterize the interpreter over
MonadIO is to print out the evaluation trace, so that we can see the difference among the three evaluation strategies in the number of performed additions and subtractions.
data Name instance MonadIO m => EDSL (S Name m) where int = S . return add x y = S $ do a <- unS x b <- unS y liftIO $ putStrLn "Adding" return (a + b) lam f = S . return $ (unS . f . S) app x y = S $ unS x >>= ($ (unS y))We evaluate the sample term under call-by-name
runName :: S Name m a -> m (Sem m a) runName x = unS x t2SN = runName t2 >>= printobtaining the result 40 and observing from the trace that subtraction was not performed (because the value of
int 100 `sub` int 10 was not needed to compute the result of
t2). On the other hand, the sub-expression
int 5 `add` int 5 was evaluated four times.
The call-by-value evaluator differs from the call-by-name one only in the interpretation of the abstraction:
lam f = S . return $ (\x -> x >>= unS . f . S . return)The evaluation of the lambda abstraction body always starts by evaluating the argument, whether the result will be needed or not. That is literally the definition of call-by-value. The very same sample term can be interpreted differently:
runValue :: S Value m a -> m (Sem m a) runValue x = unS x t2SV = runValue t2 >>= printgiving in the end the same result 40. Although the result of the subtraction was not needed, the trace shows it performed. On the other hand, the argument sub-expression
int 5 `add` int 5 was evaluated only once. In call-by-value, arguments of evaluated applications are evaluated exactly once.
The call-by-need evaluator differs from the others again in one line, the interpretation of abstractions:
lam f = S . return $ (\x -> share x >>= unS . f . S)The evaluation of the body of the abstraction always starts by lazy sharing the argument expression. Again, this is the definition of call-by-need. We run the very same term
t2 with the new evaluator, obtaining the same result 40 and observing from the execution trace that subtraction was not evaluated (because it was not needed) but the needed argument expression
int 5 `add` int 5 was evaluated once. In call by need, arguments of evaluated applications are evaluated at most once.
CB98.hs [7K]
The same code in Haskell98, proving that the tagless final approach indeed requires fewer fancy type system features. The fancy features like the type families, used in CB.hs, add convenience and gloss. One can do without them however. The code can easily be re-written in OCaml, which has no typeclasses, type families and other bleeding-edge features.
Parameterized syntax: interpreters without run-time interpretive overhead
Evaluating the same Scheme source language expression using call-by-value, call-by-reference, and call-by-name evaluation strategies.
typecheck :: forall repr. Symantics repr => UExp -> Gamma -> Either String (DynTerm repr) data DynTerm repr = forall a. (Show a, Typeable a) => DynTerm (repr a)Given the untyped term and the type environment,
typecheck returns either a type error message, or the compiled term and the representation of its computed type. The compilation result can be interpreted by any Symantics interpreter assuredly without any pattern-match errors.
The biggest problem is compiling higher-order untyped terms such as
Lam "x" (UAdd (UVar "x") (UInt 1)) into typed higher-order abstract syntax , e.g.,
lam (\x -> add x (int 1)) . The naive approach such as
DynTerm (lam (\x -> unDynTerm $ typecheck (UAdd (UVar "x") (UInt 1)) [("x",x)]))fails in our goal of compiling only once: here,
typecheck is invoked every time the compiled function is applied. Since the typechecking is partial, we can no longer assure that the result of a successful compilation can be interpreted without any type-related errors.
Nevertheless, we have accomplished our task, without relying on any built-in staging, GADTs or type classes with functional dependencies. Of all the extensions to Haskell98, we only use existentials and Typeable. The code shows uncanny similarities with staging. Furthermore, it seems we need staging or its emulation for the typed compilation into higher-order abstract syntax. Both type-checking and staging have to manipulate open code, whose free variables are hypotheses, or type abstractions.
Another remarkable part of the tagless final compilation is its close relationship with proofs in logic. Typechecking is truly building a proof, using hypothetical reasoning. Moreover, our typed compiler must be explicit with weakening (to extend the typing environment) and the application of structural rules (which take the form of cut-rules). The result of compiling the body of the function happens do be the same as that of compiling the whole function, which is the statement of the Deduction Theorem.
Finally, our
DynTerms are essentially
Data.Dynamic , only with more operations and implemented in pure Haskell.
A new, much simpler version of the code, using De Bruijn indices
IncopeTypecheck.hs [18K]
Extensively commented Haskell code. The title comments explain the problem of HOAS typechecking, the solution, and its connection to staging. The code requires Incope.hs, see below.
Incope.hs [21K]
Tagless final interpreters. The archive includes Incope.hs, which defines our source language and several its interpreters.
Closing the Stage: from staged code to typed closures
The translation of the staged code to an unstaged language, too, requires manipulation of `open' code and the explicit weakening of the binding environment. The weakening is called coercion in the paper `Closing the Stage'.
class Eval gamma exp result | gamma exp -> result where eval :: exp -> gamma -> result
Our code has been greatly inspired by the ICFP 2002 paper by Pasalic, Taha, and Sheard on staged tagless interpreters. The paper gives the most lucid explanation of the tagging problem in typed interpretation. Although the paper develops a dependently typed language Meta-D for writing typed tagless interpreters, the paper itself gives hints that dependent types are not really necessary. The key phrase was about indexing types by singleton types rather than by terms. The former is easily implementable in Haskell as it is. The introduction section gave the other hint: the apparent problem with the
eval function is that it should yield an
Int when evaluating the literal constant expression
B 1 and yield a function when evaluating the term
L "x" (Var "x") . Indeed no ordinary function can return values of different types. But an overloaded function can, e.g., Haskell's read .
With the help of Template Haskell, we stage our tagless code to remove its interpretative overhead. Because expressions in Template Haskell are untyped, we add a newtype wrapper to maintain their types. Our staged interpreter deals exclusively with these typed code expressions, to be faithful to the Pasalic et al. paper. Template Haskell can print code values, so we can see the staged result: the `compiled' code. In particular, here is the running example of the paper and the result of its evaluation with our staged interpreter:
stest4 = show_tcode $ seval (L (TArr TInt TInt) (V Z)) HNil *Staged> stest4 \x_0 -> x_0There are indeed no tags. Here is another test:
stest3 = show_tcode $ seval (A (L TInt (V Z)) (B 2)) HNil *Staged> stest3 (\x_0 -> x_0) 2#If we change
TInt above to
(TArr TInt TInt) , we get a type error before running
stest3: The typing is done at the meta-level.
The present code was the first attempt to define tagless interpreters in a language without (overt) dependent types. This work has continued in cooperation with Jacques Carette and Chung-chieh Shan. We showed that writing typed interpreters becomes significantly simpler if we change the building blocks of object language terms, from data constructors to constructor functions.
Interp.hs [3K]
The tagless typed interpreter for the the typed language of the above paper, viz. simply-typed lambda-calculus with De Bruijn indices. The interpreter is deliberately patterned after the one in the paper, including the type-level function TypEval. The code almost literally implements the Meta-D interpreter from Fig. 3 of the paper and the typing rules from Fig. 1 -- without any dependent types.
Staged.hs [3K]
The staged tagless typed interpreter.
Implicit configurations -- or, type classes reflect the values of types . Haskell Workshop 2004. Joint work with Chung-chieh Shan.
The paper demonstrates how easy it is to introduce type families indexed by singleton types in Haskell as it was in 2003: Haskell98 extended with multi-parameter type classes with functional dependencies.
Expr -> Term t . Here
Expr is an ordinary algebraic data type of untyped source terms (the first-order language described in Peyton-Jones et al, ICFP 2006), and
Term t is a GADT, the typed representation.
data Expr = ELit Int | EInc Expr | EIsZ Expr | ... data Term t where Lit :: Int -> Term Int Inc :: Term Int -> Term Int IsZ :: Term Int -> Term Bool ...The result type
t is a function of the value of
Expr . Thus we demonstrate the Haskell solution of the truly dependent-type problem.
Although the result of the typed compilation is a GADT, the compiler itself uses neither GADTs nor representation types. The compiler is made of two parts. The first is the conversion from
Expr to `lifted' terms:
newtype FLit = FLit Int newtype FInc e = FInc e newtype FIsZ e = FIsZ eimplemented with the help of Template Haskell:
type F = Q TH.Exp parse :: Expr -> F parse (ELit x) = [e| FLit $(litE . integerL . fromIntegral $ x) | ] parse (EInc x) = [e| FInc $(parse x) | ] parse (EIsZ x) = [e| FIsZ $(parse x) | ]The only inconvenience of using the Template Haskell is the necessity of splitting the whole code into two modules.
The main part is the typechecker class, which computes both the type of the result
t and the corresponding value of the type
Term t , the compilation result. The typechecking rules are stated as instances of the type class:
class TypeCheck e t | e -> t where typecheck :: e -> Term t instance TypeCheck FLit Int where typecheck (FLit x) = Lit x instance TypeCheck e Int => TypeCheck (FInc e) Int where typecheck (FInc e) = Inc (typecheck e) instance TypeCheck e Int => TypeCheck (FIsZ e) Bool where typecheck (FIsZ e) = IsZ (typecheck e)It is remarkable that the instances express the type checking rules as judgments, almost in the form they are commonly presented in papers. For example, the
IsZ rule would be written in a paper as
|- e : int --------------- |- IsZ e : bool(We do not need the environment Gamma as our language is first order.)
Given two sample terms (as strings), we parse and typed-compile them:
e1 = "EIf (ELit 1) (ELit 2) (ELit 3)" e2 = "(EIf (EIsZ (ELit 0)) " ++ " (EInc (ELit 1)) " ++ " (EFst (EPair (ELit 42) (ELit 43))))" t1' = $(parse . read $ e1) t2' = $(parse . read $ e2) -- tt1 = typecheck t1' -- gives a type error tt2 = typecheck t2' *G> :t tt2 tt2 :: Term IntObviously, the term
e1 is ill-typed: the test expression of a conditional should be a boolean rather than an integer. Therefore, the expression
typecheck t1 gives a type error: ``Couldn't match expected type Bool against inferred type Int''. In contrast, the typechecking (of the result of the parsing) of
e2 succeeds. The computed type of the compilation result is
Term Int .
We stress that the typechecking of the embedded DSL is carried out by the Haskell typechecker! It is the latter that applies the typing judgments of our DSL expressed as the instances of the class
TypeCheck . We thus succeeded in embedding into Haskell not only DSL terms but also the DSL type system.
TypeCheck.hs [3K]
TermLift.hs [2K]
The complete implementation. The code was originally posted as An example of dependent types [was: Simple GADT parser for the eval example] on the Haskell-Cafe mailing list on Wed, 1 Nov 2006 00:30:56 -0800 (PST).
typecheck :: Gamma -> Exp -> Either String TypedTerm data TypedTerm = forall t. TypedTerm (Typ t) (Term t)The compiler takes the type environment and the untyped term, the value of the ordinary algebraic data type Exp, and returns either the type error message, or the compiled term and the representation of its computed type. Both
Typ t and
Term t are GADTs. Although to Haskell
TypedTerm is just as `untyped' as
Exp , the latter is `deeply' untyped whereas the former is only superficially. The former value is built out of typed components, and the type is erased only at the end. That fact guarantees that an evaluator of
Term t , e.g.,
eval :: Term t -> t never gets stuck. Combining the evaluator with the typed compiler and the show function gives the complete DSL interpreter
teval :: Exp -> String
te3 = EApp (EApp (EPrim "+") (EApp (EPrim "inc") (EDouble 10.0))) (EApp (EPrim "inc") (EDouble 20.0)) te4 = EApp (EPrim "rev") te3 *TypecheckedDSL> teval te3 "type Double, value 32.0" *TypecheckedDSL> teval te4 "Type error: incompatible type of the application: (String->String) and Double"
Upon success, the compiler returns a typed term wrapped in an existential envelope. Although we can evaluate that term, the result is not truly satisfactory because the existential type is not `real'. We cannot write
case (typecheck te3) of Right (TypedTerm t e) -> sin (eval e)although we know that
e has the type
Term Double and so applying the function sin to the result of
eval e is well-typed. To the Haskell typechecker however, the type of
eval e is some abstract type
t rather than
Double . Fortunately, Template Haskell lets us convert from an existential to a concrete type. This is equivalent to implementing an embedded compiler for our DSL. Since
TypedTerm has already been typechecked, we are guaranteed the absence of errors during Template-Haskell-based `code generation'. The compiler, of the signature
tevall :: Exp -> ExpQ , can be used as follows
tte3 = $(tevall te3) :t tte3 tte3 :: Term Double ev_tte3 = eval tte3 -- 32.0 testr = sin (eval tte3) -- 0.5514266812416906
The key part of the implementation is the Equality GADT and checking if two DSL types are the same, and if so, computing the proof (the witness).
data EQ a b where Refl :: EQ a a eqt :: Typ a -> Typ b -> Maybe (EQ a b)
The Template Haskell compiler also relies of the function
lift'self :: Term a -> ExpQ satisfying the equation
$(lift'self term) == term . It takes only four lines of code to define this function.
TypecheckedDSL.hs [5K]
The complete implementation of a typed DSL with the typed evaluator and the typed compiler from untyped terms to GADT. The code was originally posted as Typechecker to GADT: the full implementation of a typed DSL on the Haskell-Cafe mailing list on Thu Oct 4 02:02:32 EDT 2007.
TypecheckedDSLTH.hs [7K]
TypedTermLiftTest.hs [<1K]
The complete code for the compiler of the typed DSL, using Template Haskell to `compile' GADT to `machine code'. The code was originally posted as Typed DSL compiler, or converting from an existential to a concrete type on the Haskell-Cafe mailing list on Sat Oct 6 03:55:36 EDT 2007.
In the initial approach, typed terms are represented by GADTs. The absence of type-tag mismatch errors is the central property of GADT. The absence of unbound variable reference errors is assured either by higher-order abstract syntax (Xi et al., POPL 2003) or De Bruijn indices and dependent types (Pasalic et al., ICFP 2002). This page has described the final tagless approach. Type-tag mismatch errors are patently absent because there are simply no type tags and hence no possibility of type errors during interpretation. The absence of the second sort of errors can likewise be assured by higher-order abstract syntax (used here) or De Bruijn indices.
We demonstrate that the final and initial typed tagless representations are related by bijection. We use the higher-order language of the Tagless Final paper (APLAS 2007), which is the superset of the language introduced in Xi et al (POPL 2003). In the latter paper, the tagless interpretation of the language was the motivation for GADT. In a bit abbreviated form, the final and the initial representations of our DSL are defined as follows:
class Symantics repr where int :: Int -> repr Int lam :: (repr a -> repr b) -> repr (a->b) app :: repr (a->b) -> repr a -> repr b fix :: (repr a -> repr a) -> repr a add :: repr Int -> repr Int -> repr Int data IR h t where Var :: h t -> IR h t INT :: Int -> IR h Int Lam :: (IR h t1 -> IR h t2) -> IR h (t1->t2) App :: IR h (t1->t2) -> IR h t1 -> IR h t2 Fix :: (IR h t -> IR h t) -> IR h t Add :: IR h Int -> IR h Int -> IR h IntThe data constructor
Var of the initial representation corresponds to
HOASLift of Xi et al. The initial representation is parameterized by the type of the hypothetical environment
h t is the type of an environment `cell' holding a value of the type
t .
The relation between the two representations is established as follows:
instance Symantics (IR h) where int = INT lam = Lam app = App fix = Fix add = Add itf :: Symantics repr => IR repr t -> repr t itf (Var v) = v itf (INT n) = int n itf (Lam b) = lam(\x -> itf (b (Var x))) itf (App e1 e2) = app (itf e1) (itf e2) itf (Fix b) = fix(\x -> itf (b (Var x))) itf (Add e1 e2) = add (itf e1) (itf e2)
We note the properties of the mappings from the final to the initial and vice versa: both mappings are total and a composition of one mapping with the other preserves interpretations. The code below gives concrete examples of that preservation. The totality is especially easy to see for the mapping from the final to the initial, since the mapping looks like identity. The mapping is one of many possible interpretations of a term in the final tagless form.
Formatted IO as an embedded DSL: the initial view
Formatted IO as an embedded DSL: the final view
An example of initial and final embeddings of a DSL of formatting patterns
Your comments, problem reports, questions are very welcome!
Converted from HSXML by HSXML->HTML


text:
Landmarks of Washington, D.C.
9 of 14
National World War II Memorial
The National World War II Memorial opened in 2004 in honor of the 16 million men and women who served, and the more than 400,000 who died fighting. Fifty-six granite pillars - one for each state, territory, and the District of Columbia - are connected by bronze rope to symbolize unity. Each pillar is adorned by two bronze wreaths, reflecting "America's role as the arsenal and breadbasket of democracy."
Fun Fact: Each of the 4,048 gold stars on the Freedom Wall represents 100 Americans who died in World War II.
Photo source: Carol M. Highsmith
Next: Smithsonian Institute
Provided by Infoplease—an authoritative, comprehensive reference website that offers an encyclopedia, a dictionary, an atlas, and several almanacs. Visit Infoplease.com to find more resources endorsed by teachers and librarians.


text:
Most common damn-words in English are of course the f-word and the s-word, which are - for my best knowledge - considered vulgarisms. The word "crap" may be used as a damn-word, however I'd bet, that it is not vulgar. Am I correct?
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The meaning of crap is
The first meaning is similar to the use of the work cock in the following British English sentence:
The NOAD doesn't mark the second meaning of crap as vulgar, and I don't think it is interpreted as vulgar from people too.
I wouldn't label crap as vulgar by today's standards, but it isn't a word you'd want to use in a professional setting or with people who are prim and proper.
The word itself is used in a many different ways. kiamlaluno pointed out two popular usages:
But it is also used as an exclamation, as in:
I do think that the word crap has become more acceptable over time. When I was a child in the 80s I once said, in front of a friend's mother, "This is crap," after seeing a long line at an amusement park. She gave me a very stern look and told me I should not use such vulgar language.
Another time I was helping a classmate clean out his desk and I said something along the lines of, "There is a lot of crap in here," and he shushed me as he was concerned that we would get in trouble if the teacher heard us using that word.
Well, it's less vulgar than its synonym "shit", and more vulgar than the term "junk" or "garbage", so it's a matter of scale. I wouldn't use "crap" in polite company, or when speaking to a customer.
Coincidentally, when broadcasting on TV or the Radio in the USA, it's OK to use the word "crap", but illegal to use the word "shit", so it doesn't need to be censored.


text:
One of my developers asked me to grant permission to IUSR_ user (the IIS user) to CMD.exe (console) now I'm wondering is it safe to do it? He is complaing, that his libraries had to use console for working good. What do you think?
In my opinion, there are two problems here:
Ask him exactly what he's launching, and ask if he can find a workaround. If he's running some sort of external task, why isn't he using the Windows Task Scheduler API rather than directly spawning shells? If he's using an existing utility (e.g.
Remember that a flat "no" is useless to him as a developer. Explain exactly why it'd be a security issue. If possible, back it up with something from your security policy. Try to be empathetic of his situation - developers usually have 6 months worth of work to get done in 6 weeks, so a workaround is golden. If it's a case of him not having the time to do the job properly, speak to the project manager and see if the scope can be altered.


text:
Oliver Salzburg
I'm the CTO of a software company specializing in solutions for fair and conference management and the infrastructure to host those solutions.
• web: work, private
• email: email@example.com
• github: oliversalzburg
• google+: Oliver Salzburg
Never forget:
:w !sudo tee %
Save a file in vim when you neglected to open the file with
sudobut already made changes you don't want to lose.
Evaluate globbing on your current input on the bash command line.
postfix flush
Pump out the postfix queue on your backup MX after you've fixed the issue with your primary MX.
- Hanover, Germany
- oliversalzburg
- oliversalzburg
- oliver.salzburg.so
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Corey Marion releases his third installment of Battlestar Galactica icons from the Sci-Fi Channel hit TV series.
Icons from the SCIfi Channel hit series
A tale of iconic adventure told in outer space!
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text:
Mel Evans, Associated Press
NEW YORK — Hurricane Sandy bore down on the Eastern Seaboard's largest cities Monday, forcing the shutdown of mass transit, schools and financial markets, sending coastal residents fleeing, and threatening a dangerous mix of high winds, soaking rain and a surging wall of water up to 11 feet tall.
Sandy strengthened before dawn and stayed on a predicted path toward Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York — putting it on a collision course with two other weather systems that would create a superstorm with the potential for havoc over 800 miles from the East Coast to the Great Lakes. About 2 to 3 feet of snow were even forecast for mountainous parts of West Virginia.
The tempest could endanger up to 50 million people for days.
"This is the worst-case scenario," said Louis Uccellini, environmental prediction chief for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Many workers planned to stay home Monday as subways, buses and trains shut down across the region under the threat of flooding that could inundate tracks and tunnels. Airports also closed, with thousands of flights canceled, and authorities warned that the time for evacuation was running out or already past. Utilities brought in extra crews, anticipating widespread power failures.
The center of the storm was positioned to come ashore Monday night in New Jersey, meaning the worst of the surge could be in the northern part of that state and in New York City and on Long Island. Higher tides brought by a full moon compounded the threat to the metropolitan area of about 20 million people.
Canals around Long Island's Great South Bay area were bulging two hours before high tide. Water was about a foot deep on some streets in Lindenhurst, N.Y., by 7 a.m. Monday.
As rain from the leading edges began to fall over the Northeast on Sunday, hundreds of thousands of people from Maryland to Connecticut were ordered to leave low-lying coastal areas, including 375,000 in lower Manhattan and other parts of New York City, 50,000 in Delaware and 30,000 in Atlantic City, N.J., where the city's 12 casinos shut down for only the fourth time ever.
"I think this one's going to do us in," said Mark Palazzolo, who boarded up his bait-and-tackle shop in Point Pleasant Beach, N.J., with the same wood he used in past storms, crossing out the names of Hurricanes Isaac and Irene and spray-painting "Sandy" next to them. "I got a call from a friend of mine from Florida last night who said, 'Mark, get out! If it's not the storm, it'll be the aftermath. People are going to be fighting in the streets over gasoline and food.'"
President Barack Obama declared emergencies in Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, authorizing federal relief work to begin well ahead of time. He promised the government would "respond big and respond fast" after the storm hits.
"My message to the governors as well as to the mayors is anything they need, we will be there, and we will cut through red tape," Obama said. "We are not going to get bogged down with a lot of rules."
Authorities warned that New York could get hit with a surge of seawater that could swamp parts of lower Manhattan, flood subway tunnels and cripple the network of electrical and communications lines that are vital to the nation's financial center.
Major U.S. financial markets, including the New York Stock Exchange, Nasdaq and CME Group in Chicago, planned a rare shutdown Monday. The NYSE closed on Sept. 27, 1985, for Hurricane Gloria. The United Nations also shut down and canceled all meetings at its New York headquarters.
New York called off school Monday for the city's 1.1 million students and announced it would suspend all train, bus and subway service Sunday night. More than 5 million riders a day depend on the transit system.
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text:
Tragic Lessons
March 18, 2013
JUDGE THOMAS Lipps has ruled....
Why does Steubenville's football coach still have his job? Deadspin-dot-com asks this question today. So, what's the answer?
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Don't know..many details about this event that I heard happened that didn't as well as some that I never knew happened until after the trial. I am watching to see what this grand jury does though. Obviously some adults had some knowledge of this crime before any one was even charged and chose not to share the information with the police or any other investigating authority.
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