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Ford 351 Engine Block - The Boss Late ModelWritten by on January 18, 2010 Circle Track Tests Ford's New Boss 351 Block And N351 In A Complete Late Model Stock Build
Part One
The writing was on the wall a couple of years ago: Ford's tooling for the N351 cylinder head casting was wearing out, and if something wasn't done, that casting stood a chance of going the way of the dodo bird.
The problem was the N351 head wasn't exactly a new design. Very few people use it for street applications anymore. But like the venerable Chevy 23-degree cast-iron head, the N351 is still the most popular option for Ford racers in any class that still has "Stock" somewhere in the name. In many classes, in fact, it's the only Ford head allowed. That head is a constant; engine builders and race series alike are familiar with it and its potential for power production. The recipes have all been worked out for making good racing between Chevys and Fords with the current packages, so you can imagine that many racers, engine builders and series owners were more than a bit nervous at the thought of the N351 going away.
But that was before Ford announced that it has recommitted itself to the Saturday night racer. And the manufacturer has backed up that claim with lots of new products for everyone from the circle track racers to drag racers. Of course, at Circle Track we're a bit partial to the stock car racers, so when Ford announced the new Boss 351 engine block and brand-new N351 cylinder head castings, we were interested. And of course, we wanted to provide you with a more in-depth look than a cut-and-paste of Ford's press release, so we hooked up with Ford and race engine builder Charlie's Automotive to detail a complete engine build specifically for NASCAR's Late Model Stock class with the new Ford block and heads.
In order to give you as much information as possible, this build will be broken into installments in the magazine. And since this is one of the first race builds anywhere with this block and heads we'll devote the first installment to taking an up-close look at Ford's new hardware.
The Block Ford got the ball rolling more than a year ago when it announced the completely new Boss 302 engine block. And since the Windsor 302 (that the Boss is based upon) and the Windsor 351 share so many dimensions, most felt it was only a matter of time before a Boss 351 became available. And now it is here with plenty of upgrades over the stock 351 Windsor that will make it attractive to race engine builders.
Previously, Ford has offered many different versions of the Windsor to fit the needs of different racing classes. The Boss 351 is designed with what Ford calls the best assets of several different blocks in order to make it a viable candidate for many different types of motorsports. Consolidating several different part numbers into the Boss block hopefully will allow Ford to maintain costs and keep the Boss 351 block affordable for racers. Currently, the street price is less than $2,000, keeping it in line with other performance blocks.
"There were a number of different blocks that have come and gone over time," explains Mike Delahanty, Ford Racing's new Short Track Program Manager. "Some were optimized for short-track racing, while others were optimized for drag racing and other types of motorsports. And the idea with the Boss was to create one block that had the best properties of all of them.
"The improvements we've made are numerous," he says. "First of all, we're using a higher grade of iron that will provide better wear resistance, better ring seal, and better dimensional stability over the life of the engine. And from a design standpoint, this engine block was designed in the world of CAD. This really has the benefit of being designed from the ground up in the computer. That not only helped optimize things like the water jackets to make the cooling more efficient, but it also makes it a lot easier to check all the dimensions of a new block so that when a customer receives the block, it is dead on. So, there is less time involved on his end in blueprinting and bringing the block up to spec."
On our end, we saw some of the benefits Delahanty spoke of. Charlie Long, owner of Charlie's Automotive, uses a CNC-machining center for just about all the machining operations on a new block except honing the cylinders. As part of the process, he also uses the CNC to locate all the critical dimensions on every block to determine what needs to be corrected. After measuring everything from the main and cam journal bores, lifter bores, squareness of the deck, and even the dowel pin holes for locating the cylinder heads, Long says everything was correct to within a few thousandths of an inch-well within the acceptable margin and better than most blocks he's seen. Of course, this was only a single block we checked, but if the rest of them spec out this well then engine builders will certainly be happy.
This block also has numerous other features. It's available in either 9.2- or 9.5-inch deck heights and is based on Windsor dimensions except for the main journals, which are the larger 2.75-inch Cleveland size. If you are racing an open class where the cubic inches aren't restricted, Ford engineers say that the displacement can safely be upped to more than 460 cubic inches.
There are also splayed, four-bolt main caps (the caps are nodular iron), screw-in freeze plugs, siamesed bores with coolant holes drilled between each pair of cylinders, a front crossover for the lifter galleries, diesel-grade iron is used in the casting with a tensile strength of 41,000 psi.
The Heads Ford's engineers had a tricky proposition on their hands when it came to retooling for the N351 cylinder heads. Like mentioned previously, the tooling that was being used was old, and that led to headaches when trying to cast high-quality cylinder heads. Engine builders and racers were demanding better cylinder heads, but Ford engineers knew that if they produced a new head that was significantly better, NASCAR wouldn't allow it in the Late Model Stock division.
"What had happened over time is the tooling had gotten to where we could not produce a repeatable, quality cylinder head," explains Delahanty. "So the decision was made to retool the thing, but let's retool it to address dimensional controls and repeatability while still keeping it within the very tight box that NASCAR has defined for Late Model Stock Car racing. So our goal was to retool the cylinder head without changing any of the performance qualities while still taking advantage of any new manufacturing technologies that have come along since the head was first introduced in the late '90s. It was a delicate balancing act to keep the same performance capabilities while also significantly reducing any blueprinting or prep work that was necessary before these heads are ready to race."
After much work, Ford had a new set of N351 heads that it felt met the criteria. To prove it, both Ford and NASCAR representatives met at the Charlie's Automotive shops where Long tested both old and new heads back-to-back on the flow bench and running on a dyno. Because NASCAR found no real performance advantage if the new heads are legally prepped, it has approved the new N351 heads for racing.
The improvements that Ford did make, however, should make these new heads easier to work with for both the engine builder and racer. Take a closer look at this block and heads and next month we'll start bolting parts together on our Ford Late Model Stock engine.
On The Flow Bench - Airflow for the new N351 head is measured in cubic feet per minute of air at 28 inches of water
|Valve lift (inches)
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
We'd have to test over a dozen to be able to tell definitively, but our one example of the new Ford block measured out very close to the blueprints. Long only had to perform a few finishing machining functions-like the final hone in the cylinder bores-before the block was ready for assembly.One nice touch with this new block is the siamesed cylinders come from the factory with cooling passages already drilled between the bores. This helps pull heat away from the top of the cylinder bores but still keeps the strength inherent in the siamesed design.If you are used to working with stock Ford blocks, you should be aware that the cam bores in the Boss block have a common diameter and aren't stepped down like you are used to seeing. This should allow for better machining tolerances, but if you are using a conventional cam, it does require a special set of cam bearings with a common o.d. Also, all the oil galleries are tapped for screw-in plugs instead of the stock press-fit plugs.Out of the box this block weighs in at a hefty 201.2 pounds. Some of that extra beef adds strength, but some isn't useful to stock car racers. For example, you can see a lot of extra material around the lifter bores. This is so drag racers can open them up for significantly larger lifters, but that isn't allowed in circle track racing so it does wind up being a small penalty.Four-bolt mains on the center three caps come standard, and the caps are nodular iron. The main journals are the larger 2.75-inch Cleveland size for added strength in the crank.In the foreground is a new N351 cast-iron cylinder head. Behind it is an older N351 head cast from the old tooling. As you can see, the changes are minor. The area around the lower head bolt holes has been beefed up slightly, and while the same headers will fit both heads it appears the exhaust flange on the newer head extends out slightly farther.Another comparison shot. On the left is the old-style head and on the right is the new head. As you can see, the chamber in the new head has a slightly sharper curve right around the spark plug hole. Engine builder Charlie Long tested both heads back to back and says that despite the differences, the two heads produce the same power. What is evident, however, is the casting quality of the new head is much better. Engine builders should see less core shift, casting flash, and overall aggravation.
Everything that affects valvetrain geometry was kept the same. So if you already have a valvetrain package that works on your existing Ford race engine package, it should also bolt right up on the new heads and work just as well.Charlie Long cut the seats in our new heads in preparation for the build. Like before, the Ford's as-cast seats are not flame hardened.Another change to this block that engine builders should be aware of is it has crossover galleries to the lifter galleries at both the front and back of the block. This is to make sure both galleries get plenty of oil when racing big, flat-tappet camshafts. But if you restrict oil flow to the heads, be aware that you will have to either cut off flow in one of the crossovers or restrict both.


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2013 Charity in Chocolate
Charity in Chocolate is a fun and unique annual fundraiser to benefit The Heart of America Foundation featuring a fashion show where the area's top chefs demonstrated their mastery of sugar, cocoa and couture. This year's event was under the patronage of His Excellency The Ambassador of Italy and Mrs. Claudio Bisogniero and included nearly 60 award-winning chefs showcasing their culinary and pasty talents by hosting sweet and savory tasting stations. Guests paired their tastings with signature cocktails, local wines and Peroni. Photography by Moshe Zusman, Moshe Zusman Photography

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OOW 2013 speakers: maximize your selection chances
By Demed L'Her on Mar 21, 2013
Oracle OpenWorld 2013 is approaching fast and the call for papers is now open: http://bit.ly/YbEURG (note that it will close on April 12th). Each year the event is growing larger and the paper selection process is becoming more and more competitive: many great submissions but only so many slots to fill! In the end this is for the better as this just raises the overall quality of the conference. It also means that you should pay extra attention when submitting your papers to ensure they get the attention they deserve.
Here are some tips to maximize your chances of selection:
- We want to hear the voice of customers and end users above anything
(i.e. if you are an Oracle partner or employee, try to co-present with a customer or at least secure their approval to use their name and specifics)
- Focus on a specific problem or project and don't try to cover it all
(vague and high-level abstracts with an endless laundry list of integrated systems tend to be eliminated first)
- Provide specific details of the customer implementation
(attendees want to learn something that will help them, not just listen to another fluffy marketing pitch. Integrated specific apps? Make sure to mention them.)
- Provide concrete ROI metrics or other concrete measurement of the impact of the project (productivity, business, etc.)
- Cover either a widespread problem or an innovative one with clear business impact
(i.e. a clever rocket science project that dealt with an unusual project could make an interesting blog entry but probably not a great OOW session)
- Touch upon one of the following topics that attract a lot of attention these days:
- Mobile enablement
- Fusion Applications integration
- Cloud integration
- Deployment of SOA in virtualized environments (OVM)
- B2B projects, especially replacement of legacy solutions (Sterling, Gentran, etc.)
- Fast Data for innovative marketing or customer experience solutions
Hopefully this guidance will be useful. Feel free to comment and ask for more details.
I'm looking forward to your submissions and to seeing you in San Francisco in September!


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If I have a lenses (or in my case extension tubes) that would allow the lens to magnify 1:1, does a 1.5x crop factor body make it really 1.5:1 ?
I'll just take this out into an actual answer, and the answer is 'NO', the crop factor doesn't make it a 1.5:1 ratio. What it does change is the ratio of information per pixel which would be an valid new designation.
Why? Because the 1:1 ratio is a designation of how large the lens renders subjects on the focal plane whatever that plane is, it is an optical designation. A 2cm square subject will be rendered as 2cm squared on either a FF sensor or a 1.5x crop sensor. To suggest otherwise takes any meaning away from the designation since every body you put it on would effectively give it a different meaning. A 1:1 ratio is still a 1:1 ratio on a 10D at 6MP or a 5DmkII at 22MP or a 1.5x crop body at 18MP.
It'd be like saying with film, if a different film emulsion had better resolving power it'd changed the magnification power of the lens, or that printing it on a larger print did.
I guess the answer is yes and no. Technically speaking, the image circle projected by the lens is 1:1, and your sensor is capturing a smaller part of the center of that circle...cropping it. This fits with the formula for magnification:
Where di is the distance from the lens to the sensor, and f is the focal length. Crop factor or sensor size is not taken into account when calculating the magnification of a lens. From this perspective, the purely optical perspective...the answer is no.
Now, when you factor megapixels and native print size into things, the answer is probably "sort of". If you have an APS-C and FF sensor with the same number of megapixels, the final unscaled "magnification" of the image in print would appear larger with the APS-C for two reasons. First, it packs more megapixels into less space, and second, that greater number of megapixels represents a smaller portion of the image (narrower field of view), which increases the apparent magnification. You could make a larger unscaled print of a smaller part of your subject with the APS-C than you could with the FF.
Okay, after talking with Shizam in the chat room, I think I'm going to take a stab at this questions.
Really, this is a question of semantics. The most commonly used definition of 1:1 means that the size of the object is the size of the image on the sensor. With a smaller sensor, the object will thus be smaller. But it's still a 1:1 really by the definition that I've applied. It will appear like a 1:1.6 image would if a full framed camera were to take the same image. If the pixel size on a full framed camera were the same, then the image would appear exactly the same. If the pixels were larger on the full framed (Most likely), then the image resolution will be slightly higher on the crop sensor, but still look the same as if it were cropped. Really what happens when you are using a crop sensor is that you are throwing away the outer edges of a full framed camera, but aside from that, everything else remains the same.
The minimum focal distance will remain exactly the same on the cropped sensor, BTW.


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Alda Burston came to Charlotte as an assistant athletic trainer in in the fall of 2008. Her primary sport responsibility is women's basketball, though, she also serves as a member of the Sports Performance & Wellness Team and she is the medical care supervisor for women's sports.
Prior to coming to Charlotte, the Lake Wales, Fla. native worked as a seasonal intern athletic trainer for the WNBA's Atlanta Dream during their 2008 season. In 2006 she interned with the NFL's Buffalo Bills. In addition, she was the graduate assistant athletic trainer for the University of Virginia's women's tennis team during the 2006-2007 season while working towards a master's degree in Athletic Training.
She received her BS degree in exercise science from The Florida State University in 2005. Her master thesis project entitled, The effects of a one-time abdominal muscle training session on the ability to contract the transverse abdominus in low back pain patients, was accepted as a poster presentation for the 2009 NATA Annual Meeting and Clinical Symposium as well as for the 2011 IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury and Illness in Sports.
Burston has also worked abroad as an athletic trainer. In 2010 she was a member of Athlete's in Action Sports Performance Tour in Guatemala City, Guatemala. This past May, she served as the athletic trainer for the WNBA's Atlanta Dream during their trip to Manchester, England.
Alda is married to former FSU standout defensive end Darrell Burston. They reside in Charlotte.


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I recently started to use twitter as a source for "Tip of the Day" style hints to new and old scientific developments, useful tips in statistics or mathematics, and programming tricks.
While I stumbled upon many useful things by following e.g.
- https://twitter.com/CompSciFact
- https://twitter.com/ProbFact
- https://twitter.com/SciPyTip
- https://twitter.com/AnalysisFact
- https://twitter.com/UnixToolTip
I have the feeling that there must be thousands of this type of tweets on twitter. Unfortunately, I find it hard to filter out good ones.
What is your recommendation for good tweets to keep up in computer science, math, statistics, or science in general?


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A woman accompanied her husband to the doctor's office. After his checkup , the doctor called the wife into his office alone. He told her, "Your husband is suffering from a very severe disease, combined with horrible stress . If you don't do the following , your husband will surely die...Each morning, fix him a healthy breakfast. Be pleasant , and make sure he is in a good mood . For lunch make him a nutritious meal. For dinner prepare an especially nice meal for him. Don't burden him with chores , as he probably had a hard day. Don't discuss your problems with him, it will only make his stress worse . And most importantly, make love with your husband several times a week and satisfy his every whim . If you can do this for the next 10 months to a year, I think your husband will regain his health completely." On the way home, the husband asked his wife. "What did the doctor say?" She replied, "You're going to die"!
a wife's duty
Sad ...
Funny lol. i love this jokes. So sad husband and doctor philosophy .
oh c'mon you guys, it's not that bad..
Dark.. sad.. BUT nice Joke


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An orthogonal representation [1] of a graph $G=(V,E)$ on $n$ vertices $\{1,2,...,n\}$ is an assignment of (complex) unit vectors $v_{1},v_{2},...,v_{n}$ to the vertices of $G$ such that $\langle v_{i},v_{j}\rangle =0$ if and only if $\{i,j\}\in E(G)$.
An orthogonal matrix representation (see, e.g., [2]) of $G$ is an assignment of unitary matrices $U_{1},U_{2},...,U_{n}$ to the vertices of $G$ such that $[U_{i}^{\dagger }U_{j}]_{k,k}=0$, for every $k$, if and only if $% \{i,j\}\in E\left( G\right) $.
Is it true that if there is an orthogonal representation of a certain dimension then there is always an orthogonal matrix representation of the same dimension?
[1] L. Lovász, On the Shannon Capacity of a Graph, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 25 (1):1-7 (1979).
[2] P. J. Cameron, A. Montanaro, M. Newmann, S. Severini, A. Winter, On the quantum chromatic number of a graph, http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0608016


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julieduncan on Family Tree Circles
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Journals and Posts
What Is "Man Robbery" ?
At Radnor Quarter Sessions on 4 Jan 1833 20 year old Margaret Saunders was found guilty and sentenced to a term of 7 years transportation
The ship Buffalo arrived with Margaret, and another 178 convicts.
She was born in Radnor Wales sometime during the year of 1813. She was a 'barmaid' by trade
In may of 1836 she married John Cheetham also a convict and a little over 7 months later they had the first of 4 children
They moved around a little over the next few years with the last of their children being born in 1844. Margaret died in 1852 and John re married within a year and promptly produced another 8 children with his 2nd wife Fanny. Fanny came from Trowbrigde and was an assisted immigrant and it is from this marriage that I fit into the story eventually
John and Fanny settled in an area called Picton (AKA Jarvisfield) NSW
John had total of 12 children who inturn produced some 62 children between them.
Because I have no direct line through young Margaret, I have never really pursued her parentage. I have checked her convict records. her crime is listed as MAN ROBBERY, and given her place of employ have come up with the following assumption. did she ply her customer with alcohol and promises of a flirtacious manner? WHAT IS MANN ROBBERY?
Does anyone else have further ideas or explanation for this crime.
Thomas Stratton and Hannah Dunford from Manningford Bruce
On April 28th 1855 at Mannigford Bruce young Hannah Dunford married Thomas Stratton by the end of the year they would be in a small rural area called Cawdor (about and hour 20min by car) south west of Sydney. They arrived as assisted immigrants on board the ship Lloyds, on August 1st 1855 to Sydney.
When one searches the microfilm records over here Hannah listed her home place was Manningford Bruce Wiltshire and she lists that is where her parents are. Stephen and Dorcas (nee Simper).
It was some many months later that I stumbled across the fact that Stephen and Dorcas were also on the ship along with Hannah's siblings Jane 13; Mary Ann 7, and Stephen Jnr aged 4. Another brother Joseph had come out the year before. All of them listed Manningford Bruce as their native place. Hannah's age is listed as 23 and I have Hannah as being born christened 19 Feb 1832, in Manningford Bruce.
Thomas and Hannah settled in the area known as Cawdor. A farming community to this day. It was an area where John and Elizabeth Macarthur set up one of their many holdings, although John Macarthur gets the credit for it, it was moreso Elizabeth his long suffering wife who had more to do with their workings and growth in Australia as John seemed to spend a lot of time back home in England - especially after he had a falling out with the then governor.
The Nepean River ambles its way from somewhere at the bottom of The Great Diving Range near Penrith across the plains. It arcs and curves as it winds in the shape of a double S, around Camden and Cawdor through to the hamlet of Menangle (I spent the first five years of life in this gorgeous village) and beyond, as it heads towards the coast. The local area especially Cawdor and Camden is what one might call flood prone at times and undoubtedly there would have been times when the community of Cawdor would have been cut off from the next biggest town of Camden. Winters in Camden/ Cawdor (and Menangle) are brisk to say the least with more often than not, a good covering of frost on the ground, and no doubt the wells and cattle troughs would also hold a good covering of ice, there is often snow falls of a decent nature within a 45 minute drive of Camden and Cawdor. I know for fact that Menangle was also a cold place in winter especially as we only had an outside Privy. Summers can be hot, at times unbearably so, one would also imagine that before the area was cleared for farming that it would have been prone to many bushfires. I often wonder of the differences between their two homelands the old in and around Manningford and the new here. There is little on the internet about Manningford Bruce and equally limited photos. Although there are few photos of the church I assume they were married and christened in
The road to travel the few miles from Camden to nearby Cawdor is relatively flat as is much of the surrounding countryside, there is a slight hillock when they re-interred those who had been buried at the graveyard of nearby Burragorang Valley. The valley was flooded when they built Warragamba Dam, and they moved the graveyard to this hillock and the graves all point towards the far away valley. The spire atop of St Johns Church can seen when travelling towards Camden from any direction.
Thomas and Hannah had some 7 children after their arrival
John 1857-1894 who was a blacksmith by trade and seemed to move around a bit. In 25/10/1881 he shows up on the insolvency lists as being from Campbelltown (where I grew up from the age of 6 onwards, is about 1/2 hour by car from Cawdor). His death certificate puts his death as the day before his 37th birthday with no family and he was buried as 'pauper" for want of a better term. he actually had two children and a wife.
Charles was born in late January 1860. January would the be the worst time of year for Hannah to be heavily pregnant Charles was obviously not to interested in farm life as married in 1882 and settled in Sydney where he had 5 children before his death 9 and half years later
Samuel is my great grandfather and I have a photo of him taken between April 1931 and January 1932. I know this as it was after his beloved wife Rowena died. Sam was born 14 12 1862 he married in 1891 Rowena Reynolds. rowena was born in Cawdor NSW 1865 her parents were William reynolds and Ellen Foster from Southam in Warickshire.
Sam and Rowena produced 8 children.
Rowena and Sam had some tragedy with their children. Their first born son Joseph Oswald died aged 5 and a half their last born son Alwyn died just shy of his 2nd birthday. One ate poisoned berries, the other drowned in a well. A third of their sons lies in a soldiers grave which I know no family member has ever visited in St Severs Cemetery Rouen France. Young Bruce who was only 19 when he enlisted and he shot twice the 2nd time proved fatal and died in a war hospital. There are 63 digitised online pages of his service record his hand writing and letters from his mother wanting to know more details of his death and the whereabouts of any more of his possessions than the authorities would or could divulge. I have an Aunt, my dads sister who was born 25 days after the death of Bruce and she relates that Rowena hated the war and she hated what it did to families and their sons. On the application Rowena filled out to have her sons name added to the war memorial she lists that three cousins also were killed in WW1 I have only to date been able to find two of them. Sam and Rowena's other children included one daughter and 4 more sons one of whom was my grandfather. If my Aunts memory is correct The 'house' that Sam and Rowena lived in still remains
Hannah Stratton(dunford) died 12 January 1871, 5 months after the birth of her daughter Mary, one would assume that Hannah's mother or maybe one of her still unmarried sisters aided Thomas with his young family, as Thomas never remarried after the death of his wife.
Thomas died 19 12 1886 and Both of them lie buried in a grave which has no marker left and the church records do not go back that far as far as a record of their resting place in the graveyeard of the Wesleyan church in Cawdor
The 1880s were not kind to the Stratton clan In 1885 Joseph who was 18 died, in 1866 The father Thomas passed away, April 1887 Mary the baby of the brood died at the age of 16, 1888 Jane the eldest of Thomas and Hannah girls passed away aged 23. Then the other two boys John and Charles in the early 1890s. Of the 7 children only My great grandfather Samuel and his sister Eliza (who married her cousin David Dunford) saw in the new century
On the papers for Thomas' immigration it lists him to be in good health, able to read and write, a native of Manningford Bruce and that his parents were still there. Their names were William and Mary, and it also says they were living same place. His age would place his date of birth as 1833 The surname Stratton also fits into the Dunford side of things Stephen Dunford (Hannah's father) was the son of Stephen Dunford who married Ann Stratton at Wilsford May 22nd 1798. Ann was the daughter of Edward Stratton who married Elizabeth Chandler 31 10 1757.
My goal would be to find where Thomas fits into the scheme of things, is he a relation of the Ann who married Stephen Dunford? (If he is it would make backtracking from easy.) Ann's Brother Henry who married Ann Ragbern at Wilsford, had a son William who was christened in September 1788 could he be a candidate as a father to my Thomas
or another candidate is yet another of Ann's brothers John who married Ann Maslen in Wilsford 13 5 1805, They had a daughter Mary ch 26 2 1815 and I believe she is the Mary who married William Strong 25 10 1834 Wilsford could Thomas be her son? born out of wedlock.
Anyway I have wasted enough of your time with the tale of this family.
Julie Duncan (nee Stratton)
- Displaying 1-2 of 2 Journals
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Let's say we have a magnet stuck to a metal bar, suspended above the ground. If I attach a paperclip to the magnet, where is the energy to hold the paperclip coming from (against the force of gravity), and for how long will the paperclip remain there - will it remain there forever?
When the magnet attracts and moves the paperclip, moving it in the gravitational field of the earth, the energy comes from the potential energy that [in that case] we can associate to the magnetic field.
By attracting the paperclip you increase the gravitational potential energy of the paperclip but you reduce the one it has due to the magnetic field.
You do not need energy to hold the paperclip. As an analogy: when you hold something in your hands, you feel like you are "working" even in a static case; but in mechanics, work = exchange of energy is defined as $W = \int \vec{F} d\vec{s}$.
When the situation is stationary, no energy exchange is involved, no force does no work at all, so it can stay forever.
The paperclip is not moving relative to earth - this means that no energy is being spent by magnet to hold it, so it can hold the paperclip as long as the magnet has magnetic properties.
As a contrast, when you hold something with your hands, energy is being spent by your muscles not to hold the object, but to remain contracted against gravity. This is because natural state of muscle cells is to be stretched or contracted as gravity tells them to, not against it.
By analogy, electromagnet spends energy not to hold things, but to to have magnetic properties, because its natural state is not magnetic. So natural magnet does not spend any energy, since its natural state is being magnetic.


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I've noticed that, after changing the reg settings outlined in Episode 52 of the Stack Overflow podcast to pool.ntp.org, my box keeps requesting time from gordo.foofus.net. The web site hosted on that box is very strange. Is this a valid timeserver?
The pool.ntp.org is a DNS-level load balancer. Jeff just happened to get directed to that one, the NTP pool maintainers do not care what does the server run on it's port 80 (http), only that it serves time via NTP correctly.
I just listened to episode 52 of the podcast and noticed the same thing Joel did. This server lives in the ntp.org pool of time servers. As noted by Alex, it's serving a valid time and doesn't seem to be doing anything out of spec.
This looks like a legitimate time server to me:
[hex]~% ntpdate -q gordo.foofus.net server 22.214.171.124, stratum 2, offset 21.538520, delay 0.05049 12 Jun 13:07:19 ntpdate[1098]: step time server 126.96.36.199 offset 21.538520 sec
If you're ever curious, and have ntpdate installed, you can always use the -q option to simply ask for the time without changing your clock.
It's very strange, though.
I certainly wouldn't worry about it as a time server. Everything seems fine wrt the NTP service. The web site is funny, but, as Skolima said, the ntp.org pool doesn't place any restrictions on the web site content in the pool. I have to say, I got a kick out of "Gordo's response."
Have fun
Just pick a "real" time server ... the fine folks at NIST are paid to render this service.
This is a legitimate time server. It's a stratum-2 server and is linked to 12 stratum-1 time sources.
If you look at the main domain, http://www.foofus.net/, it is a legit security blog.
As for the subdomain gordo.foofus.net, I have no idea.
There doesn't appear to be any problem with the server. Clearly, the server administrators are completely insane, but I consider that a bonus! :) I'm now a big fan of gordo.foofus.net-attacks.mp3
That's an excellent point Jeff. I think pool.ntp.org is a great resource and generally assists the Internet in ways y'all noted in Episode 52.
That said, it's interesting to me that anyone, anywhere, can inject a server into the NTP pool. From an adversarial perspective, this has some potential impact. From an architectural perspective, I think the way the pool is constructed can minimize the impact.
However, should an adversary employ some type of DNS cache poisoning attack to shift a network's NTP syncs to their malicious server, it could get interesting. There are many other attack scenarios I can think of.
You should make sure that you are using the most specific geographic area that matches your location and that is offered at ntp.org.
For example, there is a us.pool.ntp.org that will always return a time server in the United States. There are other geographic pools available around the world.
This ensures that you will not receive a time server half way around the world when a perfectly good and more accurate server might be in your back yard.
This was also discussed in another thread on Server Fault
The way that pool.ntp.org works is that DNS lookups for time servers redirect to one (randomly selected) member of the pool. Each server that's in the pool will have its own name, and if you do a reverse DNS lookup on its IP address you'll get its real name, not the pool name you started with.
Perhaps an example will help:
gordo.foofus.net-attacks.mp3 is my new favorite song. I'm going this machine as my primary time server from now on. Too awesome.


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I understand that the imidazole ring in histidine is aromatic. I also realize that it retains it's aromaticity when protonated. I am wondering why it is not mentioned at all in basic text books such as Lehninger? Also, across the web there are a number of places claiming that histidine isn't aromatic in all cases. Another reason I am a little confused is, if protonation doesn't harm the aromatic nature, then why is histidine such a weak base? Am I missing something?
This is one of my favorite charts demonstrating the complexity of amino acid properties:
Histidine is probably the most complicated amino acid in this regard (just compare how many circles it falls into). But don't undersell Cysteine and Methionine; those sulfurs exhibit some surprising behavior, especially when coordinated properly. Cysteine of course forming disulfide bonds, Methionine occasionally functioning as a methyl-transferase.
Biochemistry text books make some over simplifications because presenting the full messiness of these classifications is pretty confusing. Lehninger itself is the worst about this (and especially when presenting math). Voet and Voet is probably the most reliable about presenting this complexity. I still think Lehninger is a better teaching textbook overall (I was first taught Biochemistry from the 3rd edition), but I also recall spending a week being confused about a topic before someone pointed me at V&V and I realized Lehninger was oversimplified to the point of being wrong, in that case.
Books are not flawless.
Pyrolles have a weak basicity because of delocalization of the electron lone pair of nitrogen. It is the lone pair of nitrogen, in amines, which gives it basicity (Check Lewis bases and acids) .
In imidazole, the other nitrogen (N-2) has a free lone pair and does contribute to its basicity. As you pointed out before, imidazolium is a stable moiety and imidazole is much stronger base than pyridine.
But compared to lysine
The strong basicity of arginine is because of the guanidium group.
The imidazole ring in histidine is indeed aromatic. But an aromatic amino-acid is not usually defined as "an amino-acid with an aromatic ring". Rather, they are usually defined by common chemical properties, such as high absorption at 280nm, or better their common metabolic pathway.
Histidine as a stand-alone amino-acid is a weak base, but this is mainly due to the amino and acid groups shared with every amino-acid. The imidazole ring in itself has a neutral pKa.


text:
WACO (January 1, 2013)--The McLennan County Medical Society is sponsoring "Get Healthy McLennan County," a free preventive health fair Saturday.
From 9 a.m. until 4 p.m. at the Waco Convention Center, a panel discussion and health screenings will get underway in the Texas wing.
Panel topics include: Dying with Dignity, Caregiver Survival, Medication Safety and more.
Health screenings will include blood pressure, pulse, BMI and blood glucose.
Immunizations for adults will be given from 10 a.m. until 2 p.m.
For more information, call (254) 776-2882.


text:
Linguistics at USM provides a rigorous undergraduate education focused on the nature, organization, acquisition, and origins of human natural language. The Linguistics major provides four pathways:
- B.A. in Linguistics (general linguistics, no concentration)
- B.A. in Linguistics with Concentration in ASL/English Interpreting*
- B.A. in Linguistics with Concentration in ASL Linguistics
- B.A. in Linguistics with Concentration in Speech and Language Science
*Nationally accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Interpreter Education since December 9th, 2009.
The linguistics major consists of linguistics courses designed to foster a deep understanding of human natural language (spoken and signed), including an appreciation of the structure and organization of natural languages, the variety of natural languages, the commonalities that underlie the vast apparent differences among languages, the processes of language acquisition in children, the psychological and neurological bases of language use, and the form and significance of social variation in language.
The goals of the linguistics major are 1) to help each student develop an understanding of the nature of natural language, 2) to help each student develop a foundation of more specialized expertise relevant to the student's career goals, and 3) to help each student compile a record of achievement that will facilitate the student's search for employment or further education.


text:
13 Dec 2011 4:44 AM #1
EventType.ToString() Improvement (for debugging)
Some times you don't know exactly which event to listen for, and the documentation is not always up to date.
So, you set a breakpoint and end up with
EventType@2537, id = 19
Then you have to go through all the EventType instances in Events, and any custom defined events, to find out which event it is.
Why not add a name to the EventType constructor, and a proper toString() impl
public static final EventType Activate = new EventType("Activete");
It will probably take about one hour to do, and I bet it would save GXT developers and especially everyone else a lot of time.
can I get a thumbs up?
15 Dec 2011 10:35 AM #2
EventType doesn't exist in any of the GXT 3 preview or beta builds - instead GwtEvent is being subclassed for every event, and so the toString will refer to the class itself.
21 Mar 2012 1:47 AM #3
Specificially I need to create an AppEvent with the constructor AppEvent(GwtEvent.Type<?> type)
I just don't get, even after carefully reading the javadocs, searching google, and searching these forums; what we are supposed do for the "type" that we pass into the constructor.
I've read every migration to 3.0 guide that I could find.
It's really not clear at all. Is the Legacy mvc package really supposed to work and if so how??


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Effective Use of Mild Acting Herbs IX. Zi Su (Perilla)
Volume 3 Issue 1 - Spring 2008
by Subhuti Dharmananda
by Subhuti Dharmananda
Perilla is a mint plant (Laminaceae Family), Perilla frutescens, growing in the hills and mountains of East Asia (mainly India, China, Japan and Korea). It has been spread around the globe during the previous century; initially it was desired as a decorative garden plant, but then it escaped cultivation; as an example, it now grows in spots throughout the Eastern and Midwestern United States, described as an invasive weed. The plant has long been used as a source of herb materials for Chinese medicine; it is known in China as zisu. Scute is the common name selected 30 years ago by the Oriental Healing Arts Institute to refer to the Chinese herb huangqin. This is a shortened version of the genus name for the source material, which is the root of Scutellaria baicalensis (Baikal skullcap). The plant naturally occurs in Korea, Japan, northern China (especially Mongolia), northern India, and Russia; it is also cultivated.
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November 08, 2012
LED hula hoops at Llandudno – Flickr pic of the day
This photograph was taken on Llandudno Beach by our Cape Town. Live it. Love it. Flickr group member Cape Town Guy.
There's always something unexpected to see in Cape Town, like this spectacular LED hula hoop display on the beach.
"The picture was taken at Llandudno Beach where we gathered to celebrate a friend's birthday. The picture is of four of the ladies playing with their LED hula hoops on the beach, one of which is the birthday girl, who got hers as her birthday gift from her husband."
Do you have images of Cape Town you'd like to share with us? We'd love you to join the Cape Town. Live it. Love it. Flickr group!
Image © Cape Town Guy


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I have .com website which I don't want to use anymore (for a variety of reasons). I want to redirect the entire site to a .net domain with a 301 redirect. After how long can I cancel my .com domain entirely? What will happen to the linkjuice added by 3rd party websites which point to the .com domain? Will this be transferred to the .net domain?
In short, all of those 3rd party links, unless manually updated, will still point to the old domain. After you cancel it, they'll start getting 404's. You will lose all the SEO that's built up with it, and as LazyOne said, old bookmarks!
What will happen is you will let the domain expire so the 301 doesn't exist anymore. You will see a huge hit to traffic, and want to buy back the old domain to put the 301 back to get all that traffic back to the newer .net domain. However, the fee for this will cost you hundreds if not thousands of dollars.
And lets not count what happens if a competitor purchases it up.
$10 / year is not a bad investment to keep the domain when you come to think of any potential revenue and traffic (which should be turning into revenue!) loss that you will receive.


text:
I have heard that information is sent between the brain and peripheral nerves via electrical pulses or signals, but I don't understand how they create them in the first place.
This is quite a big question! I'll try to outline the basic view.
First, let's review how neurons signal between each other. The canonical way for a neuron to send a signal to a downstream neuron is by generating an action potential, the "electrical impulse" you have heard of. This action potential causes the release of neurotransmitter at a point where the two cells are very close to each other called a synapse. The downstream postsynaptic cell receives the neurotransmitter signal and converts it into a small electrical signal. If enough of these small electrical signals happen in a short time, they sum together and are likely to initiate an action potential in the second cell and the cycle repeats all along the circuit.
How is the electrical signal generated? The basics of how this works was worked out most famously by Hodgkin and Huxley in 1952. The short story is that the plasma membrane is selectively permeable to ions. Let's build the concept from the ground up.
The toolbox
Generating an action potential
Ok, so how do these parts come together to create an electrical impulse?
As a final note, I'll mention that the voltage-gated sodium channel provides a mechanism for the action potential to propagate down the axon. The action potential is initiated in one location of the cell, and creates a depolarization. This depolarization causes the voltage-gated sodium channels in neighbouring regions of the membrane to open and generate an action potential cycle of their own. This is how an action potential travel down axons (and sometimes dendrites too).
So, let us introduce some keywords.
The "electrical pulse" that "is sent from between brain and nerves" is called an Action Potential (AP). This is then propagated along a nerve fiber until the target organ.
Basically, a neuronal cell has a body and several long extended structures that "sprout" from the cell body. Dendrites receive signals from other cells and they convey signals towards the cell body by creating small electrical currents. The axon is a single "sprout" that is usually much thinner and longer than the dendrites and it conveys action potentials from the near the cell body to target cells and organs. Some axons can be as long as 80-90 cm (imagine!)! At the place where axon leaves the nerve cell body there is a small protrusion called the axon hillock.
The AP originates at a special part of the axon called the axon initial segment (AIS). The initial segment is the first part of the axon as it leaves the cell body and sits immediately after the axon hillock.
The electrical pulse is the short electrical discharge, that can be seen as a sudden movement of many charged particles from one place to another. In our cells we have ions of Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium) and Cl- (chloride) (and in some cases also Ca2+) that constitute these charged particles.
There are two types of driving forces for these particles: besides the potential gradient, e.g. the difference in the total charge in two different places there is also another force called concentration gradient, e.g. the difference in concentration at two different places. These force can point into opposite directions, and thus by exploiting one force (let's say concentration gradient) we can influence another one.
What we need here again is a so-called semi-permeable membrane, this is just a barrier for ions, but only for specific ones. We need this because our main ions -- Na+ and K+ -- are both positively charged. Therefore the cell membrane acts as a semi-permeable membrane, letting K+ into the cells and Ca2+ ions outwards but not the opposite. Therefore we have two concentration gradients: Na+ (outside is the peak) and K+ (inside is the peak).
In order to start the pulse we need to initiate a massive ionic drift from one place to another. This is done by the cell, and the first event here is the drastic change (increase) of the permeability for Na+ ions. Na+ ions massively enter the cell and their charges, moved into the cell, form the upstroke of the action potential.
The protective mechanism of the cell immediately start working against the Na+ invasion and open the reserve shunts -- the K+ channels. K+ leaves the cell, taking away some charge and this is revealed as the decay of the action potential. But potassium channels are generally slower, that is why the decay of the pulse is more steady, not as sharp as the upstroke.
You might be wondering now: what triggers the rapid change of membrane permeability then? There are several factors here that may contribute into this process.


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Whether there will be a recession is a moot point, but there is certainly more turbulence to come. Sometimes an economic downturn happens as a result of a series of factors beyond anybodys control. But even where an individual, organisation or institution is at fault it is normally impossible to avoid the consequences of past mistakes. Attempts to soften the consequences of financial market turbulence merely prolong the agony. The efforts of George Bush and the Democratic Presidential candidates in the US to aid the economy by increasing the budget deficit and by subsidising people who have lost money will lead to difficulties in the future. We should not make that mistake here. Neither should we cut interest rates dramatically as the Fed has done.
Where did the current problems originate? If we only had to deal with the fallout of the US sub-prime crisis, we probably need not worry too much. But there have been policy mistakes here too. The Bank of England may have made some minor mistakes though the judgements it has had to make have been difficult ones. The Government, though, has made some big errors that have contributed to the current problems and which will make recovery much more difficult.
The Government made a bizarre decision in 2003 to change the inflation index that the Bank of England targets to one which excludes altogether the cost of housing. This meant that, when the cost of other goods was falling relative to housing, the Bank of England kept monetary policy looser for longer. We all experienced rapidly rising prices but the government told the Bank it had to ignore them because a large part of the rise in prices was in the housing market. Arguably, slack monetary policy and low interest rates led to over-inflated asset prices, higher house prices, the mis-pricing of credit and the credit binge. There is no way of avoiding the consequences of those past decisions now. If we reduce interest rates whilst there are inflationary pressures in the pipeline we will prolong the misery. Indeed, there is a possibility of higher inflation and recession happening together the Bank needs to keep its eye on the former.
It is possible that we may have problems in financial markets without a recession. There is no necessary connection. But, if there is recession, we need dynamic, flexible labour markets to ensure that those who are thrown out of work are able to find work quickly. We are not well prepared in this respect. Since 1997, the government has taken a series of steps that have made labour markets more rigid. The tax credit system leads to a very high marginal rate of tax for most families; the minimum wage will price more people out of a job in a downturn; and employers are increasingly bound up in red tape imposed from Brussels and from Whitehall.
On the positive side, migration has been a blessing to many firms and individuals in times of economic growth as migrants have filled job vacancies. Migration also provides a safety valve in tough economic times. As the demand for labour falls migrants will return home to relatively better economic prospects or potential migrants will decide not to come to this country. This is all well and good and partly compensates for the rigidity that governments have imposed on labour markets in other respects. However, migration and emigration are not a substitute for sound domestic policy. If our economy has high taxation and over-bearing regulation, we all suffer in the long run.
Fiscal policy should also be in harmony with monetary policy. It is vital that weak fiscal policy does not close off any scope there may be for cutting interest rates. After several years of economic growth, the government should be in surplus. In fact it is likely to borrow over £40bn this year. There is no scope to raise taxes given our rapidly rising tax burden and it does not seem likely that the government will cut its burgeoning spending which is racing towards 50% of national income. Economic slowdown will cut tax receipts and raise borrowing yet further the picture is bleak. Yet again, under this government, the private sector will carry the burden.
So, where do we go from here? In my view, people who have made mistakes in financial markets must not be bailed out under any circumstances. The prudent should not subsidise the imprudent. The Bank of Englands main job is to keep inflation on target and it needs to be careful not to cut interest rates too far. The government needs to liberalise labour markets and to cut spending and red tape. If it does not do so, though we may escape outright recession we will certainly get several years of below-par growth.
Philip Booth
Editorial and Programme Director
Institute of Economic Affairs
See also the minutes of the
Institute of Economic Affairs' Shadow Monetary Policy Committee and
Money and Asset Prices in Boom and Bust by Tim Congdon.


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say the output for the following code with explanation how is it implemented inside the compiler : main() { int i=3,j; j=i++ + i++; printf("%d %d",i,j); } thanks in advance
a urgent reply needed
My compiler (VS2008, debug,x86) implements it thus:
main() { int i=3,j; j=i++ + i++; printf("%d %d",i,j); } 00063950 push ebp 00063951 mov ebp,esp 00063953 sub esp,0D8h 00063959 push ebx 0006395A push esi 0006395B push edi 0006395C lea edi,[ebp-0D8h] 00063962 mov ecx,36h 00063967 mov eax,0CCCCCCCCh 0006396C rep stos dword ptr es:[edi] 0006396E mov dword ptr [i],3 00063975 mov eax,dword ptr [i] 00063978 add eax,dword ptr [i] 0006397B mov dword ptr [j],eax 0006397E mov ecx,dword ptr [i] 00063981 add ecx,1 00063984 mov dword ptr [i],ecx 00063987 mov edx,dword ptr [i] 0006398A add edx,1 0006398D mov dword ptr [i],edx 00063990 mov esi,esp 00063992 mov eax,dword ptr [j] 00063995 push eax 00063996 mov ecx,dword ptr [i] 00063999 push ecx 0006399A push offset string "%d %d" (6573Ch) 0006399F call dword ptr [__imp__printf (68374h)] 000639A5 add esp,0Ch 000639A8 cmp esi,esp 000639AA call @ILT+335(__RTC_CheckEsp) (61154h) 000639AF xor eax,eax 000639B1 pop edi 000639B2 pop esi 000639B3 pop ebx 000639B4 add esp,0D8h 000639BA cmp ebp,esp 000639BC call @ILT+335(__RTC_CheckEsp) (61154h) 000639C1 mov esp,ebp 000639C3 pop ebp 000639C4 ret
first thank u for ur effort........ Actually i dunno 8086 assembly programming , now only learning ... so only am not able to appreciate ur program.... can u pl. tell me the implementation more easily from the compiler point of view ??????
What is it you want to know? You've been told in another thread that expressions of this sort:
are undefined and compiler dependent. In the case of this code, it appears that j is assigned i+i (3+3=6) then i is incremented twice (i++; i++; so i is now 5), but not until after the assignment operation.
There's no reason why any sane programmer would ever need to use such an expression.
Why is this "urgent"?
j=i++ + i++;
There's no reason why any sane programmer would ever need to use such an expression.
Why is this "urgent"?
no no , actually i had a debugging test day before yest... that's why i put urgent.... and u are correct , it's purely compiler dependent ... i too saw today....... in other compiler it's printing as 7........
thank u
thank u


text:
CWCHS Football team is preparing for a "White Out Night," in which all fans are asked to wear white in the stands for the Friday, Sept. 28th home game. Special white CWC football t-shirts were sold to help raise awareness for the event.
For those who purchased t-shirts, the items may be picked up from 4 until 6 p.m. Thursday, Sept. 20 in the CWCHS cafeteria.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
5 Soldiers Who Kicked Ass In the Face of Death (and Logic)
Reckless charges into danger make for great action movie scenes, but not good battle strategy. Every great military mind can tell you that victory is all about knowing when to back down, to come back at a time when the advantage is in your favor.
These men disagreed.
#5. Eric James Brindley Nicolson Keeps Flying -- and Fighting -- While on Fire
The Man:
In 1940, WWII was going badly for the British. They stood alone against Hitler, and Winston Churchill used every bit of his oratory talent to keep his people going. Famously, in his "This Was Their Finest Hour" speech, he swore the nation would fight to the last breath, if necessary, against the impending Nazi invasion.
"I've discovered fascism's lone weakness: alcoholic courage."
Royal Air Force fighter pilot Eric J. B. Nicolson listened to every word, and boy did he take the advice to heart.
The Perseverance:
On August 16, 1940, Nicolson was part of an attack against German bombers that were trying their level best to relocate British soil into British atmosphere.
While swooping in on a formation of Nazi planes, he was suddenly strafed by a Messerschmitt fighter. The hail of cannon fire ripped up his Hurricane and wounded his legs.
Also, his cockpit was now on fire.
That isn't a euphemism, but it probably should be.
In pain, blinded by the blood from a gash in his forehead, and guided only by survival instinct (and probably also by the fact that the glass on his control panel instruments was starting to pop from the intense heat) Nicolson scrambled out of the cockpit to a section in the back of the plane where it was safe to bail out.
Then, just as he was about to jump to safety with his parachute, he saw the German plane that had hit him and remembered Churchill. Wounded and bleeding profusely, he climbed right back into the burning cockpit, brought the plane under control and went on the attack.
The Spitfire Story
"Burning alive ain't nothin' but a thing."
He gave fiery chase to the German plane, and shot it down. While wounded. And while his own body was engulfed in flame (we really feel can't mention that part enough).
Only when he saw the German fighter crashing to the ground did Nicolson (who was now also on fire) have the presence of mind to bail out of his plane (on fire) and jump (on fire).
As he floated to the ground, the British ground forces took a look at him and reasoned that this flaming sky-creature could only be some kind of Nazi hellbeast. So they opened fire on him.
Then the commander spilled his coffee, so really the whole thing was a total disaster.
But he made it to the ground alive, somehow, where he was extinguished by the suitably embarrassed ground troops. Nicolson realized that the day's collection of wounds had been increased by some pretty serious burns and a couple of friendly fire bullet holes, and also holy shit the glass of his wrist watch had actually melted in the intense heat. Did any of this matter? Hell no, he had just shot down a German!
Nicolson shrugged away his various life-threatening injuries in less than a year and was right back in the action in the fall of 1941, one Victoria Cross and a hell of a lot of bragging rights richer.
#4. Ernest E. Evans
The Man:
Ernest Edwin Evans was the commander of the Fletcher class destroyer USS Johnston, which he used to play a Bronze Star's worth of merry hell on the Japanese. He was also, as will soon become apparent, completely oblivious to the concept of "odds."
"A kamikaze attack? Good, that's one bastard down."
The Perseverance:
The Battle of Leyte Gulf in 1944 was the largest naval battle in WWII, and was on the verge of being an utter disaster for the American ships. There were a bunch of unarmed troop transports carrying General Douglas MacArthur's invasion fleet toward the Philippines being guarded by other American ships. But the Japanese navy managed to trick the vast majority of the ships into following a decoy fleet. This left a shitload of defenseless American troops as sitting ducks in their transport ships, ready to be blown to bits by the approaching real Japanese fleet.
All that was standing between the enemy and the ships full of troops was Taffy 3, a task force of a few shoddy destroyers, near-defenseless escort carriers and planes that were good at bombing submarines and absolutely useless at everything else.
Except being on fire.
Luckily, one of the destroyers happened to be Ernest Evans' very own USS Johnston. And Evans was insane.
Evans reacted to the impossible situation with the glee of the biggest kid in class who has just heard there's a fight behind the corner. He immediately took his ship -- affectionately nicknamed "Tin Can," as it was practically unarmored -- into a direct attack on the Japanese. That is, he attacked the whole goddamn fleet.
"Before we serve together, men, you should know I have a death wish. If anyone's got a problem with that, well, you know where to find me. In my quarters, sleeping with a basket of live hand grenades outside my unlocked door."
What followed would go down in history as one of the greatest mismatches in naval warfare. USS Johnston zigzagged up and down, performing needle attacks on the enemy like a crazed mosquito. Evans scored numerous sneaky hits on enemy ships, engaged in several happy duels with much larger Japanese vessels and generally behaved like a gremlin in a toy store.
Eventually, though, his ammo was all gone and the Japanese were able to return the favor by landing a direct hit on the bridge of the ship, where Evans was positioned. The impact wounded him, singed his hair and blew away his clothes.
... Ladies.
While most men would at least take five after that, Evans actually told the ship doctor rushing to his aid to piss off and stop bothering him. Then he started shouting steering orders through an open hatch to men below decks, telling them how to steer the ship's freaking rudder by hand.
Sailors on the other ships stared with their mouths open as the Johnston continued getting shelled and Evans, butt naked, bloodied and smoke rising from his singed hair, continued to bark orders to his crew as if nothing was happening. He was still steering the Johnston at the enemy as it disappeared below the waves. Even the Japanese saluted the man and his crew as the ship went down.
"Well, that's decent. I wish we could do something for them."
Evans' relentless attack, supported by other ships of Taffy 3, actually managed to convince the Japanese that the American force was way stronger than the laughably few ships that they actually had at hand -- the logic behind this being that there's no way anyone would pull a stunt like that if they didn't have some serious backup.
So the Japanese commander got cold feet and called off his fleet. And that, friends, is how General MacArthur's troop transport ships were kept afloat because of one naked captain and his ragtag group of unarmored tin cans.
#3. Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck Forms a MacGyver Army in the Jungle
The Man:
Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck was a German general in World War I. He was in command of the German forces in what is now Tanzania, in an era when military officers had style.
Even his medals have medals.
As his forces were dwarfed by the surrounding Allied armies, the German high command didn't think he had a chance and told him stay out of the war. Lettow-Vorbeck, however, chose to mishear his orders and immediately went to battle, handing the British their asses at the Battle of Tanga even though he was outnumbered eight to one.
The Perseverance:
Well, that was a good time to call it a war; his army was now getting comically small, the enemy still greatly outnumbered him and he could easily get to safety. Oh, and his superiors had specifically told him not to fight. Most men would have kicked back and taken it easy. But Lettow-Vorbeck was not most men. His solution was to cut his army off the grid completely and go guerrilla ... for years.
"Men, make good friends with either the horses or your right hand, 'cause no one is gettin' any for a while."
His men found a sunken ship and stole the guns off of it, then found some wheels and MacGyvered them into cannons. Lettow-Vorbeck and his army became a nomadic tribe, with no supply lines or place to evacuate the wounded, tromping around the woods with their improvised artillery and whatever they could carry. They then went on to perform successful, frequent and annoying precision strikes against the Allied troops.
And boy, did it work. The British in particular were livid with Lettow-Vorbeck's actions. Multiple times they got so close to him they even announced that they had finally defeated the man -- only to have him embarrassingly pop up somewhere else, entirely unharmed, and blow some more shit up.
"We use the hot barrels to cook our bacon."
Lettow-Vorbeck didn't really need to do any of this, remember. He was specifically forbidden to fight by his superiors, severely outnumbered and also already hidden and safely tucked away. What's more, his troops could only perform small, but still incredibly dangerous strike and flee missions that were technically unable to hurt the enemy much. But he still fought on, nagging at the Allied morale with his "anytime, anywhere" tactics, just because he could.
Oh, and he did this for the remainder of the war. That's four freaking years lugging artillery in the jungle, while also living in said jungle.
... on freaking zebras.
When the German Kaiser in the distant fatherland finally ended the war, Lettow-Vorbeck was still out in the bush. The second he heard the war was over, he happily surrendered to the British, presumably by stepping out of the bush right next to them and making them crap their pants. At that point, he was the only German commander to successfully invade British territory during WWI, and also one of the very few commanders in World War history who managed to go through the whole thing undefeated -- a notable achievement for someone fighting on the side that, you know, lost.
"I'm not too fond of fascists, but I goddamn hate losing."


text:
5 Reasons Rats Are Way Scarier Than You Think
Rats are kind of creepy and gross, but they're not all that bad: They make fine test subjects, decent pets and rather excellent drug wizards. Considering all that, people with a serious rat phobia seem relatively silly -- all shrieking and gathering up their skirts atop the nearest chair in response to a measly little rodent. But it turns out that those of us who scoff at a rat sighting are essentially the randy teenagers boning right beside Crystal Lake while loudly insisting that Chad, the dashing lead, should "stop being so uptight, man! Nothing is safer than having unprotected sex right next to this machete pile!"
#5. You Can't Keep Them Out
It's a classic movie monster trope: No place is safe from the hellspawn. From the inexplicable, leisurely teleportation of Jason to the omnipresence of Freddy's dream invasion, any movie monster worth its salt has a way to get at you, wherever you are. After all, it wouldn't make for a terribly terrifying experience if every movie ended when you got inside and locked the door.
"Phew! Your door was open, I do hope I'm not interrupting anything."
Rats are no different: No matter how sealed up you think your dwelling is, be assured the rats will find their way in if they want to. They can get in through almost any sort of vent, and you can't just throw something in there to block their path. One study found that small rats think nothing of lifting barriers of over a pound to explore a new environment or even just to get to a type of flooring that they like better. They can also squeeze their bodies through holes no bigger than a quarter. They're basically the T-1000s of nature: You slam the wire-mesh fence shut on them, and they just ooze right through it.
"Is he gone?"
Another preferred rat highway is the inside of your pipes, as small as 1.5 inches in diameter. Rats also happen to be champion swimmers. Combine these two things and you have an animal that can and does enter your house through your toilet. That is a real thing that really happens, and coincidentally, we will be pooping into a modest but secure floor safe from now on.
EraPhernalia Vintage
It's like the Room 101 of asses.
By now, of course, you've run to cover every single tiny opening in your house to keep the unceasing, steady advance of the rats at bay. But that's cool by the rats, friend; they can always just chew directly through your walls.
IRRI images
In conclusion, rent property in the vacuum of space.
God, with his famously twisted sense of humor, decided to give rats inordinately strong jaw muscles, which are positioned in such a way on their skulls as to make them even more effective. So while rabbits enjoy a good piece of wood, rats have no problem going to town on brick, cement or lead. That's probably because the enamel of rat incisors is harder than platinum and even iron. In fact, because a rat's teeth never stop growing, even through their own skull, they actually have to eat your house, or die.
#4. You Can't Avoid Them
One of the most disconcerting aspects of a good movie monster is the implied threat of expansion: The aliens from Aliens are rabid breeders that use dudes like a screaming womb, the thing from The Thing multiplied like an amoeba made out of meat and teeth and pretty much any nebulous force from a Stephen King novel is solely out to turn some quaint small town in Maine into a murder cult.
That's right. Stephen King has 500 dollars from all this shit.
Rats are no slackers on the multiplication front: Two rats alone can have up to 6,000 babies before they die at age 2 or 3. Of course, those babies are also breeding, starting at only 3 months of age. And they don't all disperse, seeking their little rat fortunes and pursuing tiny rodent scholarships out in the world; if there's plenty of food, they'll stick around and take over an entire city. For example: Many areas that scaled back their pest control for financial reasons during the recession saw an astonishing boom in the rat population.
Alexey Krasavin
"Hey -- soup!"
There are now thought to be around 80 million rats in Britain, a rise of more than 200 percent since 2007. (Note: These are 2009 numbers; 2011 numbers are written entirely in rat cuneiform, and sadly, we cannot translate them.) Even with modern pest-control methods, it's estimated that there is at least one rat per person in major cities like New York. In fact "a rat per person" is actually an official government means of estimating how many there are in a given place, and not just the worst campaign promise we've ever heard.
"Don't listen to him! We'll have GIANT RATS. On our MOON BASE."
#3. You Can't Find Them
Movie monsters are masters of stealth: They either strike from the shadows, or else hide in plain sight. Cthulhu is sunk beneath the ancient seas, Freddy exists as an abstract concept in the dreamscape and the Predator could literally turn invisible. They wouldn't be great monsters if you could just look them up in the phone book to leave bags of flaming poo on their doorsteps, would they?
"Well, I'll just put this out and -- wait. What is that. No. Nooooooo!"
Likewise, it is virtually impossible to find a rat. We don't mean that in a "this would be really hard for you to do over a weekend" sense; we mean that in a "horde of trained specialists equipped with the latest technology took an entire season to find one rat" sense. A group of scientists, hoping to learn more about rats' movements, took one lone rodent to a remote island that otherwise had none. They put a tracking collar on him and spent four weeks learning his favorite spots to sleep, where he ate, the routes he used, everything.
"He's gone back to that one call girl four times."
Despite laying over three dozen traps, calling in two dogs trained exclusively for the job and digging 15 "tracking tunnels," the researchers couldn't nab one little rat. They couldn't even get close. Even worse, at some point the rat actually managed to lose or break his tracking device, so they had no idea where he was anymore. When they eventually found Rat McClane, 18 weeks later, it was on an entirely different island over a quarter of a mile away. Until then, we had no idea rats could even swim that far.
So hey, you saw a rat in your place? Good luck finding it, when all the collective forces of technology and science have tested their mettle against it and were found wanting. But no, we're sure you and your "tie a tiny lasso and try to throw it around him" approach will have no difficulty eradicating that pest.
Watch out! He's going for the box cutter!
Just one tiny problem: Even if you catch it ...


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Kiss 'Em Goodbye: Los Angeles Angels
Lackey, Figgins, Vlad and Abreu may be gone, and the AL West is improving. Uh-oh.
Insider's series on MLB teams that are done for the year continues with the Los Angeles Angels. To see an archive of Kiss 'Em Goodbye, click here.
Baseball Prospectus' preseason PECOTA projection: 87-75
Actual record: 97-65
If they'd signed CC Sabathia, this might not have been posted for another week or two.
To see the views of Buster Olney and Baseball Prospectus on what went wrong for the Angels -- and what's next -- and to hear the latest rumblings from the rumor mill about the team, you must be an ESPN Insider.
Become an insider and get access to all our articles and tools.View Insider Benefits »
Magazine subscribers: activate your Insider account.
Kiss 'Em Goodbye on ESPN Insider
Insider and Baseball Prospectus now ask: What went wrong for each MLB team, and what may the future hold? We'll be covering the playoff teams as they're eliminated, and finish off with what the World Series champs need to do to improve (hey, there's always something).
The Champions
The Playoff Teams (as eliminated)
- Detroit Tigers
- St. Louis Cardinals
- Boston Red Sox
- Minnesota Twins
- Colorado Rockies
- Los Angeles Dodgers
- Anaheim Angels
- Philadelphia Phillies
Week of Sept. 14
- Sept. 14: Tampa Bay Rays
- Sept. 15: Chicago Cubs
- Sept. 16: New York Mets
- Sept. 17: Milwaukee Brewers
- Sept. 18: Baltimore Orioles
- Sept. 19: Washington Nationals
- Sept. 20: Kansas City Royals
Week of Sept. 21
- Sept. 21: Pittsburgh Pirates
- Sept. 22: Cleveland Indians
- Sept. 23: Houston Astros
- Sept. 24: Oakland A's
- Sept. 25: Seattle Mariners
- Sept. 26: Arizona Diamondbacks
- Sept. 27: San Diego Padres
Week of Sept. 28
- Sept. 28: Texas Rangers
- Sept. 29: Toronto Blue Jays
- Sept. 30: Chicago White Sox
- Oct. 1: Florida Marlins
- Oct. 2: San Francisco Giants
- Oct. 3: Cincinnati Reds
- Oct. 4: Atlanta Braves


text:
OData in Action: Connecting Any Data Source to Any Device
- Date: to
- Day 3
- Speakers: Mike Flasko
- 23,788 views
- 2 comments
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Right click "Save as…"Slides (view online)
We are collecting more diverse data than ever before and at the same time undergoing a proliferation of connected devices ranging from phone to the desktop, each with its own requirements. This can pose a significant barrier to developers looking to create great end-to-end user experiences across devices. The OData protocol (http://odata.org) was created to provide a common way to expose and interact with data on any platform (DB, No SQL stores, web services, etc). In this code heavy session we'll show you how Netflix, EBay and others have used OData and Azure to quickly build secure, internet-scale services that power immersive client experiences from rich cross platform mobile applications to insightful BI reports.
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Comments have been closed since this content was published more than 30 days ago, but if you'd like to continue the conversation, please create a new thread in our Forums, or Contact Us and let us know.


text: We are disappointed in the decision of the Appellate Division. As we argued before the Court, we believe that subjecting the client and teaching files of our law school clinics to the New Jersey Open Public Records Act will make it more difficult for our clinical program to carry out its mission. As a result of today's decision, our clinics and our clients may be treated differently from every other legal service provider in New Jersey, and our adversaries will be able to pursue discovery outside of the normal rules. The Legislature could not have intended such an absurd result. We are considering all of our options in light of this ruling. | Read Story


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SHARE offers two programs that give volunteers an opportunity to educate themselves about breast and ovarian cancer so that they can advocate for research funds, legislation, and quality care.
Public Policy
SHARE Advocates speak out and raise awareness about breast and ovarian cancer among legislators, government agencies, drug companies, and medical practitioners. They attend advocacy conferences held around the country and collaborate with other advocates. They also blog periodically about various issues. Check out our blog here.
SHARE Leaders are graduates of NBCCF's Project LEAD program, an intensive basic science course on breast cancer. SHARE Leaders gather monthly to keep up to date on scientific issues, such as new drugs or controversial treatment regimens. They use their knowledge to serve on FDA committees, research panels, and other vehicles.


text: Drag mats are an excellent tool for knocking down high areas on your Har-Tru clay tennis court. They are also ideal for prepping your courts before resurfacing. 10-S Tennis Supply offers a wide selection of drag mats in a variety of sizes - choose the one that best fits your needs.


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I've seen someone asking a question with $\gneq$ (
$\gneq$) in it. What does it mean? What's the difference with $\geq$ (
I've seen someone asking a question with $\gneq$ (
I would think $\gneq$ means exactly the same as $>$, i.e. it would mean greater than and not equal to (while the symbol $\geq$ means greater than or equal to). But of course there may be some specialized use where it doesn't mean this though; everything depends on context.
In the context of the question you linked to, I can say with certainty that the intended meaning is the one above. That is,
$$n\gneq 3 \iff n>3 \iff n\text{ is greater than }3$$ and, because $n$ is an integer in this context, we can also say that $$n\gneq 3\iff n\geq 4.$$
As Rasmus points out below, the analogous notations with set inclusion, $\subset$ vs. $\subsetneq$, unfortunately do not mean the same in general; many authors use $A \subset B$ to mean "$A$ is a subset of $B$, and could be equal to $B$". An unambiguous alternative to express that would be to write $\subseteq$.
$ a \geq b$ means that $a$ is greater than $b$ or it can be equal to $b$.
$a \gneq b$ means $a$ is greater than $b$ and it can't be equal to $b$.
The $\gneq$ sign used when we want to emphasis that they can't be eqaul.
for example I can write $x^2 +1 \geq 0$ and it is true because it means $x^2 +1$ is greater than zero or it can be equal to zero. (I hope you remember how the or operator works.)
but it is better to say that $x^2 +1 \gneq 0$ which means $x^2 +1$ is greater than zero and it can't be zero.


text:
The printed pages have smudges or dots. How can I improve the print
1. Print the
User Settings List by pressing MENU, 6 (Print Reports), 4
(User Settings) and START.
If the print
quality of the User Settings List is blurry or appears smeared or smudged
downward and your machine is within warranty, you can locate a Brother
Authorized Service Center (ASC) in your area by clicking on the link
http://www.brother-usa.com/service/default.aspx or contact
Brother Customer Service by calling 1-877-Brother (1-877-276-8437) Monday
through Friday, excluding holidays.
If your
machine is out of warranty, Brother may extend the warranty for this
issue. You can contact Brother Customer Service using the information
listed above.
If the print
quality of the User Settings List is not blurry or smeared BUT
there ARE dots or smudges continue to STEP
If the print
quality of the User Settings List is not blurry or smeared and there are
NO dots or smudges, the machine appears to be printing
Review the User Setting List and determine if the dots are
spaced at specific intervals (3.7 inches or 1.5 inches) OR are the dots randomly
spaced on the page. See examples below.
spaced at 1.5 inch or 3.7 inch intervals
3. Dots are typically caused by foreign material inside the machine
(for example, paper dust, glue from labels or envelopes, paper clips, staples)
sticking to or damaging the surface of the drum. Toner builds up on or sticks to
these areas on the drum and creates black dots on the printed pages.
4. Do the following
to clean the drum unit.
a. Open the front
cover of the machine. Then, lift the drum unit up and pull it out of
the machine.
Be sure to place the drum unit on a clean, flat surface on top of a piece of
disposable paper to avoid spilling and scattering toner. If you get toner
on your hands or clothes, immediately wash it off with cold water.
b. Remove
the toner cartridge from the drum by holding down the green lock lever on the
left side of the drum unit and lifting the toner out.
Handle the toner cartridge carefully. If toner scatters on hands or clothing,
immediately wipe it off or wash it with cold water.
c. Turn the drum unit
over. Make sure the white drum unit gear (1) is on the left hand side.
d. Turn the
white drum unit gear toward you by hand while looking at the surface of
the drum roller.
e. Look for any marks
or material on the drum surface (1). Turning the drum gear will ensure you
inspect the entire drum surface.
The drum is photosensitive so DO NOT touch it with your fingers.
DO NOT clean the surface of the photosensitive drum with a sharp
DO NOT use a scrubbing motion because this might damage the drum.
f. Clean the roller by
gently wiping the entire surface of the drum with an alcohol swab, such as a
medical pad or wipe, or cotton swab lightly moistened with isopropyl alcohol
(91% strength alcohol is preferred, but 70 – 75% strength alcohol is also
acceptable). Allow the alcohol to evaporate or dry off the surface before
continuing further. Be sure to look over the entire drum as there may be
several areas on a drum that need cleaning.
As a
precaution please note: Isopropyl alcohol is flammable and should be kept away from
fire or flame. As stated, this cleaning process typically has to be
repeated several times to remove certain kinds of foreign material from the drum
unit surface.
NOTE: DO NOT clean the surface of the photosensitive drum
with a sharp object.
g. Turn
the drum unit over. Clean the primary corona wire inside the drum unit by gently
sliding the green tab located the top of the drum unit, from left to right
several times. Return the green tab to the home position before reinstalling the
drum unit assembly.
Reinstall the toner into the drum (be sure it clicks into place). If you put it
in properly, the green lock lever will lift automatically.
6. Reinstall the
drum and toner assembly into the machine and close the front cover, pressing
firmly on each side until the cover clicks into place.
7. To further clean
the drum and remove any materials that may not have been completely wiped away
when the drum surface was manually cleaned, make 10 blank copies of a clean
sheet of white paper inserted into the ADF.
After making the 10
copies continue to STEP
8. Print the User Settings List
by pressing MENU, 6 (Print Reports), 4 (User Settings) and
If the quality has
improved, but the issue is still visible, you will need to repeat the cleaning
process. Performing multiple cleanings has been very successful.
If the issue is the
same and the dots are spaced every 3.7 in. (or 94mm) with about 3 -
4 dots down the page, and the print quality issue continues after multiple
cleanings, the drum will need to be replaced.
The part number for
the drum is DR720. If you find that your retailer does not carry the
specific supplies and accessories you are looking to locate, you can purchase
them by calling our toll free Accessory Line on 1-877-552-MALL (6255) or shop
on-line at our website at http://www.brothermall.com.
If the issue is the
same and the dot pattern repeats every 1.5 in. (or 39mm) with about
7 - 8 dots down the page, the TONER cartridge may be causing the issue, the
toner cartridge needs to be replaced.
Toner part numbers
are TN720 (standard yield) and TN750 (high yield). If you find that your
retailer does not carry the specific supplies and accessories you are looking to
locate, you can purchase them by calling our toll free Accessory Line on
1-877-552-MALL (6255) or shop on-line at our website at http://www.brothermall.com.
If the issue is the
same and the dots are appearing randomly on the page, check for loose toner
inside the machine and around the drum area. A toner
cartridge that is leaking or has leaked inside the machine will need to be
replaced. Do not remove the toner cartridge from the Brother machine until you
are ready to replace it. Excess toner can be cleaned with a soft, dry, lint free
cloth before replacing the cartridge. See solution: How
do I clean loose toner from inside the machine?
for step by step
you have a toner cartridge that is leaking, call Brother Customer Service at
1-877-Brother (1-877-276-8437) Monday through Friday, excluding
strongly recommends that customers use only genuine Brother drum units and/or
toner cartridges. Each Brother laser printer is designed to work at pre-set
temperatures that are matched exactly to each of our individual toner
formulations. Each individual component is designed to work with the other
to ensure quality and reliability. Using non-Brother supplies may affect the
hardware performance, print quality and machine reliability. The Brother limited
warranty does not apply to any problem that is caused by the use of third party
drum units, toner cartridges or toner.
Seventh Annual Survey Confirms Small Business Owners Seek Success by Integrating the ...
Brother virtually solves the top print challenges facing millions of Small Office / H...
Brother Machines Sparks Creativity for new Brother Dealer


text:
After having installed Mac OS X 10.7 I can't install Quantum Gis as it maintains that I have not installe the GDAL Framework, which I have done (several times). Have anyone experienced the same problem (and solved it)?
I understand that you solved this for yourself but I had this problem as well and had a slightly different solution.
I had already installed GDAL 1.9 via Homebrew but was receiving the "QGIS requires GDAL framework" when trying to install QGIS. The issue turned out to be that I hadn't installed the GSL framework. Strange that it was complaining about no GDAL, but after installing KyngChaos' GSL framework, the QGIS install worked.


text:
Slavery was abolished nearly 140 years ago, but the memories of its injustice are alive and well even today. Hart County resident Bertha May Rogers is 79 years young and she's the author of a recently published story "Wounded But Not Broken". It's the story of her father, a Kentucky slave.
There are no photographs of Bertha Mae Rogers' father except those in her mind. As a child he shared with her stories of slavery, which she now shares with the world.
Bertha's father told her of long years in the fields. He was taken from his mother as an infant, and introduced to a long life as someone else's property. Bertha says it wasn't until he escaped and found a new master that he even got name, Abb Bradley.
In 1865 Mr. Bradley became a free man and started a family. He was 90 when Bertha Mae was born. The day before he died, Mr. Bradley took his little girl in hand to buy her a pair of shoes he couldn't afford. That was one of the last time he would see his daughter.
When he died, Mr. Abb Bradley left behind a legacy of slavery, tales of hardship met with strength and determination. As his daughter recalls fondly, he was "wounded, but not broken."
If you're interested in reading more about Mister Abb Bradley, "Wounded But Not Broken" by Bertha Mae Rogers can be found at Hats Galore and More in Bowling Green (2317 Russellville Road) and at the law office of Justin Baird in Munfordville (113 East South Street). The list price is $4.95.


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If one is in middle of Shemoneh Esrei (which is the only part of Tefillah, I could think of where there might be a problem), and there is a life to be saved, is he/she allowed to interrupt the Tefillah in order to go save the life?
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- Anybody can ask a question
- Anybody can answer
- The best answers are voted up and rise to the top
If Pikuach Nefesh pushes off the restrictions of Shabbos, all the more so it pushes off those of Tefila.
A famous halachic rule of thumb:
So let's get this straight. If a question comes up about violating mitzva X vs. saving life or limb, ask yourself the following four questions about mitzva X:
If you've answered "no" to all four of these questions, hang up the phone and dial 911 (or do whatever else needs to be done).
Are we clear here?
I heard a hidush on the name of rav ovadia, in case someone is doing shemona esre by heart and in the middle can't remember some part, if there's no sidur in reach he can walk get the sidur, go back to his place and continue, since leaving the place is miderabanan and beracha levatala is mideoraita.
in this case I think you could leave your place do whatever necessary, go back and continue. all of course if you didn't speak. if you did speak that would be more complicated.
also I don't know if asheknezim poskim if beracha levatala is deoraita and if it would make a difference


text:
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Yesterday Think Progress's Lee Fang interviewed longshot Republican presidential candidate, former Louisianna Gov. Buddy Roemer, and he had some very poignant things to say about why Washington is broken.
From the interview: "Right now, too often the political debate has become about the money and not about the issues. And those who have the money have a vested interest in the results and you never know who they are...I have full disclosure and I challenge my opponents to do the same."
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