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Marty Lederman on the USCCB on the Latest Proposed Accommodation
I asked Georgetown Law Professor Marty Lederman, who organized a wonderful conference on religious liberty and the contraception mandate last fall, what he thought about the bishops' "Nationwide Bulletin Insert" on the issue. He has graciously prepared a few remarks, which he agreed to share on dotCommonweal. His remarks follow:Cathy: Thank you for sharing with me the February/March 2013 Nationwide Bulletin Insert that the U.S. Conference on Catholic Bishops has recommended for widespread distribution to parishioners over the next two months. You have asked me what I think of the claim in the Bulletin Insert that the recently revised proposed rule of the Department of Health and Human Services on insurance coverage for contraception services would force the employees of Catholic agencies to accept coverage for themselves and their children that violates their Churchs teaching on respect for human life.You are correct that this apparent emphasis on the religious liberty of employees (rather than of employers) is a newly emerged emphasis in the USCCBs criticism of the HHS Rule. As I explain below, I think it is likely based on a misreading of the HHS proposed rule, and that the rule does not, in fact, present any threat to the religious freedom of employees who accept their Churchs teaching on respect for human life.A bit of background is in order. As you know, the primary objection to earlier versions of the HHS proposed rule was that it allegedly would have required certain employers, principally Catholic social service organizations, to breach their religious obligations by coercing them to be complicit in actsnamely, the use of certain forms of contraceptionthat they view as sinful. This claim of an alleged substantial religious burden based on such a complicity-with-evil rationale was tenuous from the start: Under no version of the HHS rules would an employer have affirmatively chosen to provide contraception coverage to its employees, let alone reasonably be perceived as encouraging the use of such drugs by its employees. The rule would not have required employers to speak approvingly of contraception, nor to refrain from discouraging the use of contraception by their employees and others. And any decision to receive reimbursement for such use from the insurance plan would have been wholly attributable to the independent and private choices of the employees themselveschoices not even known to the employer, let alone legally or morally attributable to it. Moreover, the oft-invoked argument that an employer would be morally complicit in an employees independent choice to use contraception by virtue of the employers arguable financial subsidy of such a choice was highly dubious, too, since this alleged subsidy of contraceptive use would not have been materially different from the case in which others use the employers tax dollars for the same purposesor, more to the point, when employees foreseeably use their salary payments (like health insurance, an element of employee compensation for labor rendered) in order to purchase contraception. (Theres no better summary of the issues underlying this complicity with evil question than your own lucid explanation at the beginning of this video of one of our conference panels last September, which Id strongly encourage your readers to watch.)
Notwithstanding the weakness of such claims of a complicity-based burden on religious exercise, the HHS and other Obama Administration agencies have now bent over backward to further accommodate objecting religious employers. Under the new proposed rule, published in the Federal Register on February 6, 2013, all an employer would have to do is self-certify that it is a nonprofit religious organization that has a religious objection to providing coverage for some or all contraceptive services, and then it would not be required to contract for, arrange, subsidize, or include contraceptive coverage in the insurance policy that it must make available to its employees. Its employees would instead receive contraceptive coverage, at without employee cost sharing or additional premiums, through an entirely separate individual health insurance policy that must be provided by the policy issuer (the insurer), rather than by their employer. (According to HHS, issuers would find that providing such contraceptive coverage is cost-neutral, at worst, because they would be they would be insuring the same set of individuals under both policies and would experience lower costs from improvements in womens health and fewer childbirths. 78 Fed. Reg. 8463.)Having thus had the purported religious objections of nonprofit employers very generously accommodated by the Obama Administration, the U.S. Conference on Catholic Bishops has now apparently shifted the focus of its concerns to an alleged burden on the religious liberty of the beneficiary employees themselves.Cardinal Timothy Dolan puts the point this way: It appears that the government would require all employees in our accommodated ministries to have the illicit coveragethey may not opt out, nor even opt out for their childrenunder a separate policy. As you note, this idea is now reflected in the bulletin insert the Conference has recommended that parishes distribute to their parishioners; that bulletin describes the new HHS proposed rule as forc[ing] the employees of Catholic agencies to accept coverage for themselves and their children that violates their Churchs teaching on respect for human life.A parishioner reading these statements might conclude that HHS is preparing to require employees to subsidize, if not use, contraception, even when they have religious objections to doing so. Of course, the proposed rule does nothing of the sort, and to insinuate otherwise would be absurd.So what possibly could be the problem from the perspective of employees religious freedom?The explanation appears in a letter sent to all members of Congress last week from Archbishop William Lori, Chairman of the USCCBs Ad Hoc Committee for Religious Liberty. Archbishop Lori describes the alleged coercive element of the new proposed rule in terms similar to Cardinal Dolans statement: [W]hile the mandate for coverage of abortion-causing drugs, contraceptives and sterilization is hailed by some as a victory for womens freedom, it permits no free choice by a female employee to decline such coverage for herself or her minor children, even if it violates her moral and religious convictions.What is the source of this so-called coercive element? Archbishop Lori seizes upon a single adverb in the proposed HHS rule: The insurance company of the objecting religious employer, he explains, will impose the full mandate automatically on the organizations employees and their female children, using the personal information that the employer had entrusted to them. Archbishop Lori presumably is referring to proposed subsection 45 C.F.R. 147.131(c)(2) of the new rule, which would provide, in pertinent part:A group health insurance issuer that receives a copy of the self- certification [by an objecting employer] with respect to a plan for which the issuer would otherwise provide coverage for any contraceptive services required to be covered . . . must automatically provide health insurance coverage for any contraceptive services required to be covered . . . and identified in the self-certification, through a separate health insurance policy . . . , for each plan participant and beneficiary.It is plain, I think, what HHS intends by this requirement of automatic separate contraceptive insurance coverage: As an administrative default rule, the issuer would be obliged to put employees on the books for purposes of establishing their eligibility to make use of the additional, separate policy, so that each such employee may request reimbursement for contraceptive servicesor notwhenever she sees fit.Cardinal Dolan suggests that this form of allegedly mandatory insurance coveragei.e., mere eligibility for reimbursementis itself illicit, even if the employee never invokes it or receives any reimbursement for contraceptive services. This is, to say the least, a deeply counterintuitive notion. You would know much better than I, but I find it hard to imagine a reading of Catholic religious doctrine under which the state forces a Catholic to act illicitly when it so much as offers her a benefit that she would decline to use on religious grounds.In any event, even if there were some theological basis for concern about insurance coverage for an employee who will never make use of it, there is no reason to believe HHS intends to prevent an objecting employee from opting out of enrollment in the separate plan, if she so chooses. The proposed HHS rule itself, for example, proceeds to explain that [a]n issuer providing contraceptive coverage . . . must provide to plan participants and beneficiaries written notice of the availability of the contraceptive coverage. Proposed 45 C.F.R. 147.131(d); see also 78 Fed. Reg. 8463 (Such coverage would be offered at no charge to plan participants and beneficiaries . . . .). This implies what a reasonable reader would naturally have assumed in any eventnamely, that an employee not only may decline to use such insurance coverage (for contraception reimbursement), but may decline the coverage itself, if she sees fit to do so.To be sure, HHS probably did not even consider the prospect of employees asking for opt-outs from the separate contraceptive services coverage, because (as explained above) the agency would have had no reason to assume that employees who choose not to seek reimbursement for contraception would find coverage in the abstract to be religiously problematic. But if there are any such employees, they can file comments seeking clarification from HHS on the opt-out question (the deadline is April 8, 2013), and HHS can then specifically consider the question in light of the governments interests in both accommodating religious objections and promoting public health and gender equality by enhancing coverage of important preventive services for women without cost sharing. In the meantime, there is no reason to accept Cardinal Dolans apparent assumption that HHS intends to force illicit coverage upon objecting employeeslet alone to require such employees to use contraception in violation of their religious precepts.Accordingly, it appears to me that there is nothing to this newfound objection predicated upon alleged concerns about infringements of employees religious liberty. I hope I am wrong about this, but, quite candidly, it smacks of desperationof being unwilling to take yes for an answereven when the government has gone much further than was necessary in order to accommodate religious objections.
About the Author
Cathleen Kaveny is the Darald and Juliet Libby Professor in the Theology Department and Law School at Boston College.
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Professor Lederman hasn't commented on the employee's dependents. As we have discussed in another thread, the point that AB Dolan, B Lori and the bulletin insert may be bringing up is whether employees should be able to control whether their children can obtain free contraception.Childen up to 26 can be covered under these policies. Starting at age 18, physicians cannot discuss thir health care wih parents. I believe that in some states children under age 18 can get a prescription for contraceptives without a parent's knowledge.Along with the issue of whether an employee can opt-out for herself, the USCCB my want to bring up the issue of children when it submits its comments to HHS. This may be an issue that HHS hasn't considered and which it my be willing to clarify-perhaps by providing that employees can opt-out children below 18, or some other age. The way this is presented in the bulletin insert:"And even with the latest accommodation, a federal mandate still forces people of conscience to facilitate insurance coverage of sterilization, contraception, and abortifacient drugs, and forces the employees of Catholic agencies to accept coverage for themselves and their children that violates their Churchs teaching on respect for human life."Makes it sound as if he proposed regulations published by HHS are final. In reality, HHS has published this draft and asked for comments by April 8 - after which the comments will be analyzed. A final version of the regulations will be issued later his year (before August).
Is a person freer when she is given a choice and may say "yes" or 'no," or when someone else intervenes to keep her from choosing at all? I wonder what American women themselves, even women who think contraception is sinful, think about that.In other news, I was delighted to read in the National Bulletin Insert that the bishops are calling for a second Fortnight for Freedom this summer. I can hardly wait.
I think the next "Fornight for Freedom" will be between when Benedict officially has resigned and before the beginning of the conclave.But I could be wrong.
Thanks to John Hayes for pointing out the issue of dependents. Unless Professor Lederman has some inside information on what the accommodation will actually entail, it seems to me that Cardinal Dolan's speculation of mandatory coverage is as well-founded as Lederman's speculation that there will be an opt-out. But it's worth noting that Dolan is an actual stakeholder in this dispute, and if I were in his position, I might decide that, while Lederman's speculation on this particular item is not unhopeful, neither is it dispositive. I might thank him for his speculation, and then actually work with the parties that are in a position to determine the outcome of this regulation to ensure that this particular loose end actually gets tied up to my satisfaction (or to a minimum of my dissatisfaction). To that end, I might launch a national postcard campaign.And why shouldn't there be an opt-in, rather than an opt-out? Five strokes of the keyboard is all HHS needs to do to make it happen, and those five key presses may make some moral difference.
The purpose of the bulletin insert is to get people to sign postcards to be sent by the Church to their Representative and Senators. The postcard reads:"DearThe new Congress should come together to respect life and religious freedom. Please support and strengthen laws that (1) prevent federal funding and promotion of abortion, And (2) protect rights of conscience in healthcare. Government must not force Americans to violate their religious or moral beliefs on respect for life when they provide health care or sponsor or purchase health coverage. As your constituent, I would appreciate a written response telling me how you will vote on these matters. "The instructions are to get the people to sign the cards in church - not take them home
Hmmm....so by the bishops' logic, if my health insurance covers treatment for drug addiction, I'm somehow being coerced to become a drug addict?
I could not sign the proposed postcard. It's one thing to lobby legislators. It's another thing to demand litmus tests. Professor Lederman's explanation is persuasive, in my view. There would be no real material cooperation required of the employer, whether the proposed policy covers children or not, for the employer has nothing to do with the policy other than reporting who works for his or her business. the employer has to report this information to the IRS etc.
Here's the model language for the letter to be sent by the insurance company to each insured employee and dependent"(d) Notice of availability of contraceptive coverage. An issuer providing contraceptive coverage arranged pursuant to paragraph (b) or (c) of this section must provide to plan participants and beneficiaries written notice of the availability of the contraceptive coverage, separate from but contemporaneous with (to the extent possible) application materials distributed in connection with enrollment (or re-enrollment) in group coverage of the eligible organization for any plan year to which this paragraph applies. The following model language, or substantially similar language, may be used to satisfy the notice requirement of this paragraph: The organization that establishes and maintains, or arranges, your health coverage has certified that your group health plan qualifies for an accommodation with respect to the federal requirement to cover all Food and Drug Administration-approved contraceptive services for women, as prescribed by a health care provider, without cost sharing. This means that your health coverage will not cover the following contraceptive services: [contraceptive services specified in self-certification]. Instead, these contraceptive services will be covered through a separate individual health insurance policy, which is not administered or funded by, or connected in any way to, your health coverage. You and any covered dependents will be enrolled in this separate individual health insurance policy at no additional cost to you. If you have any questions about this notice, contact [contact information for health insurance issuer].I guess the question is what happens if the employee contacts the inurer and says she doen't want he coverage for herself and doen't want her dependents to get it either - or that she wants some to get it but not othersIt appears from the first paragraph that each dependent gets a letter from the insurnce ompany - it's not one signle letter to the employee.
There was a time that U.S. Catholics had to prove their loyalty to the U.S. government. After all, we had a loyalty to a leader, who lived in a foreign territory. "Long live the pope. His praises sound again and yet again. His rule is over space and time. His throne the heart of men. ..." I wonder if this focus on Fortnights for Freedom and religious liberty may appear to be an overreach by the Catholic hierarchy. It may backfire and set us back to a previous time when we were suspect.
This whole brouhaha has entered the realm of the ridiculous. The offering of something illicit does not restrict the freedom to refuse it.The bishops need a whole new set of lawyers.
John H. --The parents will know about the daughter's use of contraceptives when they get the bill from the druggist ,
Ann Olivier wrote "The parents will know about the daughters use of contraceptives when they get the bill from the druggist"It's free. No copay, no bill from the druggist.
I ask now the same question I asked, to no avail, on this website and America's, when the Affordable Care Act was challenged by the bishops because they asserted that it would provide for abortion coverage. People, listen up: Group health insurance plans cover procedures that are abortion-related. Most abortions are performed in the first trimester by a procedure -a D&C- most women have had at least one D&C in their lifetime (it's not only to abort an embryo) it is done for a variety of gynecological reasons. So, then many, if not, most group health insurance plans cover this procedure. Why have not the bishops been demanding that we all leave our health insureance plans because they cover abortions? I have promised myself I would never comment on this question again. But seriously, we have gone from the ridiculous to twilight zone territority here. Our bishops are embarrassing.
From the original post:"You are correct that this apparent emphasis on the religious liberty of employees (rather than of employers) is a newly emerged emphasis in the USCCBs criticism of the HHS Rule."This seems to be a polite couching of, "They've moved the goal posts." I'm sure there are some good, practical reasons that it would be helpful for a lumbering, inflexible bureaucracy like HHS to have all the objections at once, so it can address them all in a single motion. On the other hand, HHS set up these frustrating multiple iterations of act/react with its ham-handed crafting of the original regulation.
LisaI see the bishops logic being, with respect to Catholic teaching, the mandate requiring a health plan to provide, free of charge, narcotics for recreational use.Professor Lederman did not have a problem with the original mandate and now we learn, surprise, that he does not have a problem with the revised mandate. This thread seems to have a the sun rose in the east today aspect to it.
From the original post:"Notwithstanding the weakness of [the bishops' original set of objections], the HHS and other Obama Administration agencies have now bent over backward to further accommodate objecting religious employers. "And a little bit later:"Having thus had the purported religious objections of nonprofit employers very generously accommodated by the Obama Administration, the U.S. Conference on Catholic Bishops has now apparently shifted the focus of its concerns ..."While Professor Lederman apparently doesn't restrain his admiration for the Obama Administration in this affair, it occurs to me that it would have been even more admirable had the Administration not set up the original regulation in so churlish a manner as to provoke the crisis in the first place and require an accommodation. Even more admirable would have been to skip the entire HHS mandate.
Jim Pauwels"it occurs to me that it would have been even more admirable had the Administration not set up the original regulation in so churlish a manner as to provoke the crisis in the first place and require an accommodation. Even more admirable would have been to skip the entire HHS mandate."Surely, the administration had good reasons for the mandate, e.g., women's health, maybe decreasing abortions. To some (not you) the mandate is seen as a deliberate attack on the Catholic Church. Comments like "We did not pick this fight" by a few prominent Catholics contribute to that mindset and are not productive.
Jim P is upset about the lack of precision in the HHS mandate. But we should send Postcards about liberty to Congress when two cardinals from both coasts are being deposed at the same time for criminal activity. And more to follow! how out of touch do the cardinals think we are?
Let's not forget that the 18 and 26 age limits, and medical secrecy between a woman and her doctor are also government constructs. You wont find them anywhere in Catholic discussion about the family. The parent-child relationship changes over time but it is never rent. Further, medical secrecy is one of the most damaging concepts foisted by our government on families as anyone with a mentally ill adult relative can surely testify.
John Hayes --Won't the parents at least get a statement of some sort from the drug store? (This is getting just too ridiculous.)
Ann Olivier, i get a monthly report from my insurance company showing what they have paid to the druggist during the past month. If a daughter is living at home i suppose her report would be mailed tnere and a parent mght be able to see it.
Although I haven't seen anything in he proposed regulations requiring the insurance company to send reports to anyone. If everything is free, perhaps there isn't any reason for reports.
"Surely, the administration had good reasons for the mandate, e.g., womens health, maybe decreasing abortions."To the extent that is true, well and good; but the exceedingly narrow religious exemption it carved out is the genesis of the issue.
"Lets not forget that the 18 and 26 age limits, and medical secrecy between a woman and her doctor are also government constructs. "True. Don't we consider children "adults" earlier in our religion than we do in secular life? My understanding is that a girl as young as 14 years of age is old enough to be married in the Catholic Church. I personally think that is much too young, but would have to say that, if one is old enough to marry, one is old enough to do pretty much anything without parental consent.
What's gob smacking is that all these detailed arguments, such as Lederman's here, Kaveny's earlier, and others, in Commonweal and elsewhere, are never answered directly, point by point, or in their substance, by anyone representing the USCCB, or any of the bishops usually making the headlines.I guess the bishops are all too busy complaining about how they're excluded from the election of the next pope. Oh wait, that's not happening either!How do you say "episcopal bubble" in Latin???
Jeanne,As I see it, Catholic bishops all the way up to the Pope don't answer challenges point by point because the challenges include empirical facts, which the bishops have a way of celestially ignoring when the facts aren't consistent with the bishops' own world views. It's why science is often such a threat to their positions. And so long as bishops give lip service to natural law ethics it's bound to be this way, because natural law ethics is ideally based on facts.
The Bishops, and indeed the Catholic Church, are simply putting children of God in a trap...no abortion, no contraception. Something Jesus mentioned "putting burdens on people you yourselves have been unable to bear" when speaking to the Hebrew hierarchy.They are welcome to these restrictions, and i will support them! when they commit to financially supporting parents, and children through age 18. Every single child.I would guess, that this being the counter-offer, we would never hear from the USCCB again.
"They are welcome to these restrictions, and i will support them! when they commit to financially supporting parents, and children through age 18. Every single child."Theresa - great news: they already support this. Cf Catholic social teaching, as applied in innumerable lobbying efforts and communications to Congress and other government officials to retain and expand social safety net programs.By virtue of your baptism and confirmation (if you have received those sacraments), the bishops now reasonably expect you to support their efforts on this issue of Catholic social teaching: the contraception mandate and its religious-liberty repercussions.
I would prefer that the cardinals and bishops--anxious to protect Catholics from "complicity" by policies that provide contraception, abortion--would begin by insisting that our government cease making citizens "complicit" in illegal wars, torture, drone attacks,and illegal renditions by requiring payment of income taxes to support those wars and their violations of the Geneva accords while providing no legitimate ways for Catholics and others to withhold the portion of their taxes that support those heinous crimes.


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Arthur Amish Country Cheese Festival
From the flip of that first pancake at the Firehouse Saturday morning to the last bit of cheese is given away Labor Day afternoon the residents of the Arthur area, along with our mascots Artie Mouse and Miss Slice, invite you to come enjoy the weekend of festivities. We want you to enjoy the main festival area downtown, our businesses along Route 133 as well as the surrounding Amish community and businesses in the beautiful countryside – we are Illinois' Longest Main Street and we'd love you to visit! See you at the 44th Annual Arthur Amish Country Cheese Festival Labor Day weekend, Saturday September 3 through Monday, September 5.
Jack and the Beanstalk is exactly like nothing you've ever seen before, not even in a book! This fun family show follows the adventures of Jack, a young boy with his nose in a book of fairytales. Filled with hilarious characters, toe-tapping tunes and more twists than a climbing vine Beanstalk! The Musical is one show that is guaranteed to grow and grow and grow right into your heart.
Chet Kingery Memorial Bluegrass Festival
The 4th Annual Chet Kingery Memorial Bluegrass Festivall will be held at The Great Pumpkin Patch this year. Headliners include Doyle Lawson & Quicksilver, Michael Cleveland & Flamekeeper and Blue Mafia. The combination of talent from award winning nationally known groups to local entertainment is sure to please all attendees. All the bands will perform a mixture of traditional and bluegrass/gospel music.
This family friendly festival is set in the city park with plenty of carnival rides, craft vendors, flea market, foods, etc. There is also an IPRA sanctioned rodeo that takes place Friday. A demolition derby takes place on Saturday. You can also enjoy the arm wrestling. There will also be a large parade Saturday morning. Tour the historical cabins set in the park.
One of the few true American musical forms, bluegrass - that high, lonesome sound created by Bill Monroe over 50 years ago - has steadily gained in popularity over the years, and for good reason. It's natural. It's organic. We are proud to present a few of the finest bluegrass acts to be found anywhere. Hosted by local bluegrass heroes Firebox, Tuscan Hills Winery will have two days of amazing picking, beautiful bowing and soaring vocal harmonies - we can't think of a more harmonious way to bring the summer to a close! This is a rain or shine event. Bring your lawn chairs! There will be a variety of great food and beverages including water, soda, coffee, tea, beer and wine available for purchase on the festival grounds. Parking is free and within 25 to 100 yards away from the venue & of course handicapped parking is available. All ages are welcome. Be sure to check out the web address for more information on tickets and pricing: http://www.grapevinebluegrass.com.
Come to the Dacey Trail in Forest Park to enjoy a spooky evening. The first hour of the event will be kid friendly. This is a one mile loop that you will walk along as spooks and ghosts haunt your every move. Event will be 5-8 pm October 21-22 and October 28-29, 2016.
Lighted pumpkin House - October 25-31 Downtown Arthur - This house is decorated with over 300 pumpkins that are carved by school children, businesses, Arthur community volunteers and surrounding communities. The pumpkin come from Arthur's very own, The Great Pumpkin Patch
The 55th Annual Arthur Mennonite Relief Sale is a very popular event which will be held at the Otto Center, one half mile south of Arthur on Friday, August 26 and Saturday, August 27. Part cookout, auction, festival, and reunion it is a great family activity which raises a large sum of money for the charitable efforts of the Mennonite Central Committee.
During the Annual Scarecrow Daze Festival, the entire city of Shelbyville is decorated with scarecrows. With a different theme every year, entrants decorate their homes and businesses to the theme. There is also a large parade on Saturday, kids' games, a beer tent, music, a quilt show, and plenty of food and crafts, in downtown Shelbyville.
Shelbyville Festival of Lights
Come to Shelbyville and take a drive through Forest Park as it is lit up for the Holiday season. These lights are put in place each year by volunteers and new lights and themed areas are also added. Candy Cane lane is to honor loved ones. The Historical Chautauqua Building becomes a huge carousel. Come enjoy the Victorian Village, Santa's Shop, the North Pole, Bethlehem, and others.
Touchstone Energy Balloon Fest
Come and enjoy hot air balloons as they fly over the area Friday evening, Saturday and Sunday mornings as well as the Balloon Glow at the Shelby County Airport on Saturday night. The glow will have food, DJ, and much more.
Come and enjoy this family-friendly festival in its 120th year. Entertainment comes to you in gospel, country and rock. Fountain City Amusements provides a carnival atmosphere with plenty of food as well as the Ice Cream Social. There is also a 5K run/walk, a pedal tractor pull, parade, and a raffle drawing. Entertainment this year is Gospel Group Firebox, Phil Dirt presents Surfs Up, a tribute to the Beach Boys, and Country Artists Chris Cavanough and Shenandoah.
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Career Development Grants
Applications for AAUW Career Development Grants are open August 1–December 15.Learn more
For questions or technical support, please e-mail email@example.com.
Career Development Grants provide funding to women who hold a bachelor's degree and are preparing to advance or change careers or reenter the workforce. Primary consideration is given to women of color and women pursuing their first advanced degree or credentials in nontraditional fields.
Applicants must be U.S. citizens or permanent residents whose last degree was received before June 30, 2011. Funds are available for tuition, fees, books, supplies, local transportation, and dependent care.
Grants provide support for course work beyond a bachelor's degree, including a master's degree, second bachelor's degree, certification program, or specialized training in technical or professional fields. Course work must be taken at an accredited two- or four-year college or university in the United States or at a technical school that is fully licensed or accredited by the U.S. Department of Education. Funds are not available for doctorate-level work.
Congratulations to AAUW's 2016–17 fellowships and grants awardees!
About the Program
AAUW originally designed Career Development Grants in 1972 to offer "encouragement" funding to AAUW members seeking to renew or resume academic work for credit toward career or employment advancement.
Meet Our Alumnae: Career Development Grants
Dana Kaplan
Dana Kaplan (2011–12) returned to college to pursue a career in the automotive industry as a certified master technician with her grant.
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Esy Casey (2009–10) directed a documentary on Jeepneys in the Philippines.
Graciela Tiscareño-Sato
Graciela Tiscareño-Sato (1998–99), a former U.S. Air Force aviator, was able to get her master's and become a marketing executive and advocate for children with disabilities; she recently published Latinnovating: Green American Jobs and the Latinos Creating Them.
Chrystal Bell
Chrystal Bell (2002–03) is a forensic scientist and crime scene investigator.


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Brewers would give up draft pick if price for Kyle Lohse was right
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I hope not.Hide replies
Why? I would love to see this Brewers Killer make his home at Miller Park!
Hey, Suppan pitched shutout ball versus MKE last year. He's a Brewer killer. Let's sign him!
it looks like suppan finally came to his senses and retired.
I just don't think he would be an effective starter. I guess if they could get a good price for 2 years I wouldn't be upset, but I am so afraid of getting a Cardinal starter with one or two good years. I don't know why that is...
Let me take a guess......initials are JS?
Eddie, I was doing so well before the flashback hit me. Agree, if a good price for two years, maybe, otherwise let's see how our young guys hold up this season.
What improvement would Lohse be for this team? No much at all and the long range plan they lose the draft pick.
Don't forget Braden Looper.Stay away from pitchers the Cards don't re- sign.
Exactly. If the Cardinals don't think enough of him maybe there is a problem, one way or another.
Boy, Looper could give up the long ball. Living proof that won-lost records mean almost nothing.
You learn from the past but don't dwell on it. MA and Dm are too smart to let Suppan's performance with the Brewers affect their decision on Lohse. 2 years / $25 million and we would than have a reasonable and legitimate chance to make the postseason now!
It already affected them, IP, or Dempster would have a three year deal in Milwaukee right now.
@eddiematthews: I meant in terms to just because he played for the Cardinals. And as BSBLFN pointed out Dempster got the same number of years Milwaukee was offering. Money ws the factor, not the number of years.
lohse is set up for a few declining seasons. the cardinals dont want him.
I wouldn't exactly call Lohse a Brewer killer.
His career numbers against them are 6-8/4.44/1.36/.269 amd at Miller Park his numbers are 2-3/6.95/1.61/.316
Actually Dempster only signed for two years with Boston for 26.5.i believe the Brewers offered him two years for 20.So either the 6 mil made a difference or he preferred Boston.
It was the money. Dempster would have pitched in Milwaukee if the contract was enough.
This would be a typical Melvin pick-up .... a guy who never was very good but is coming off career years where he pitched well over his head under the guidance of the best pitching coach in the game. Overpay now for the pleasure of watching him stink up the joint later. If they sign this dude after letting Marcum walk for a low risk deal I'm officially DONE with Melvin. Ugh.Hide replies
Where does the article say that Melvin is hot on the heels of Lohse? He only says he's keeping his options open. And clearly they do not want to have another Suppan/Wolf situation. Both Melvin and MA have stated this numerous times this off-season. So stop exaggerating.
As for Marcum, I'm glad you're privvy to his medical reports. Maybe you can tell us that his arm is fine. This would be counter to what everyone in MLB thinks. The Mets 'won' his services with a $4M guaranteed contract with incentives if he's healthy. This for a guy who early last season was being touted for a $13-15M per year.
So let us know what you know that the rest of MLB outside that train wreck of an organization called the NY Mets knows. We're waiting.
Where did I say that Melvin was hot on the heels of Lohse - I simply said it would be a typical Melvin pick-up. On top of that the article certainly implies that MA would like to have him if the money was right.
And yes, as for Marcum, you please show ME the medical reports that say his arm isn't fine. Pitchers get injured...it's a fact of life. Lohse himself was on the shelf over the last couple years and arguably is a bigger risk that Marcum would be. On top of all of that, nobody is going be able to get Lohse for 4M on a 1 year deal either.
Nowhere in the article does it imply that Melvin has tried to sign Lohse or even made him an offer.
Actually, Lohse had a better season last year, but Dave Duncan wasn't even the pitching coach!
I GUARANTEE Lohse will have a MUCH better season this year versus Shaun Marcum! No comparison.
We'll see. Marcum is younger, playing for a contract, and has better career numbers.
why to people try to read something into this blog that isnt there?
The interesting thing about Lohse is the Brewes could have easily signed him as a free agent during the '07-'08 off season as an FA.The Cardinals didn't sign him until the middle of March of the '08 season for 4 mil.
The Brewers rotation in'08 was Gallardo,Suppan,Bush,Sheets,Parra. and of course Sabathia for the last two months
Lohse was15-8/3.78/1.30 that year.
Could have made a big difference in the play-offs.
He then signed a 4 year 40 mil contract with the Cards.
He's probably seen his best years by now though.Hide replies
Lohse wasnt any good after the 2007 season and was lucky to have any team sign him.
A very mediocre pitcher for 10 years that finally put it together the last two and is now 34 years old. An age when most pitchers are heading for the old fogies home. Don't think he's worth a first round draft choice. And obviously other teams are also very wary of his past and his age because he had an exceptional year in 2012 and should have been signed early on based on that. Because of these silly compensation rules of MLB the Cardinals might be the only team it makes sense for him to sign with. Are they even trying to?Hide replies
The Cardinals made a qualifying offer to Lohse. He turned it down, and the Cards haven't been interested since.
2 years / $25 million in todays market would be a steal if he performs as well as he did the last two seasons. $12.5 million for a veteran SP who posted anh INCREDIBLE 16-3 record with a 2.63 ERA / 211 innings pitched / 143K:38BB ratio last year in our own division? Jump all over it MA & DM! this would give the Brewers a proven, veteran #1 SP & #2 SP duo in front of Estrade (3), Fiers (4) and Peralta (5) with Narveson easing his way back in the BP follwoing major arm surgery along with Rogers who is perfect in the BP with his cannon of an arm and easier on his arm with his history of injuries. You than have those two ready to go a starters in case of injury / poor performance in the rotation along with thornburg. Would make for a helluva and loaded pitching staff!Hide replies
I agree with you on his numbers.Three of the five years he was with the Cards he posted great numbers.However two of those years he was on the DL throwing only 117 innings in 2009 and 92 innings in 2010.At 36 I'd be a little leery for two years at 12.5 a year.
He would be 36 on the last year of a 2 year / $25-26 million contract.
Pitching for the Cardinals screws up a pitchers head so much they cannot pitch right after they leave. They must brainwash them.
Sorry,he's only 34.I'd probably risk one year at ten mil and that would give an extra year for some of the young guys to develop.But I doubt he'd sign for only one.
They weren't willing to give 2 years $25 M for a better pitcher that wasn't tied to draft pick compensation. There is no way I give up a 1st Round pick to sign Kyle Lohse. I'm hoping like all hell that the Brewers don't go after Kyle Lohse.
Unlikely Scott Boras will get what he wants for Lohse. Whatever it is may not be in the Brewers plans for next year.
Stay away from a 36 year old who alternates good and bad years. He's due for another arm injury the way his career has went.His career era over 4.00 not a bright sign for a pitcher who wants $15M.Hide replies
Lohse is 34 years old pap geezer, not 36. Like I posted, i would offer 2 years / $26 million.
he is due for a few bad seasons in a row. dont sign him.
we've had a couple of trade conversations the last two weeks. Wonder what these could be?
I still think we could get value for maldy and a minor leaguer and get a starting pitcher with some years of control
We have Lucroy and could always yearly piece mill his backup year after yearHide replies
Trading away some of their young players is the last thing this team needs to do!
what value is there for a player who will play tops once a week and is practically the same age as the person he is backing up... I know what value trade value
The Brewers get more value out of Maldonado as a backup catcher than they would in a trade.
@Hartzgung: NOT if they trade Mado and another prospect for a veteran #3-#4 AP who will give us 170 IP. It would be easy to sign a veteran C such as Barajas or Olivo, or even get back Blanco or Treanor for the season.
* SP above, not AP
DO NOT do this. Just DON'T!
In a piece at ESPN Insider, Zachary Levine of Baseball Prospectus searches MLB rosters for some players who could be traded now that their salaries are essentially sunk costs. Luke Hochevar and Ted Lilly are among the players who make Levine's list.
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In hemodialysis, a machine filters wastes, salts and fluid from your blood when your kidneys are no longer healthy enough to do this work adequately. Hemodialysis is the most common way to treat advanced kidney failure. The procedure can help you carry on an active life despite failing kidneys.
Hemodialysis requires you to follow a strict treatment schedule, take medications regularly and, usually, make changes in your diet.
Hemodialysis is a serious responsibility, but you don't have to shoulder it alone. You'll work closely with your health care team, including a kidney specialist and other professionals with experience managing hemodialysis. You may be able to do hemodialysis at home.
Peritoneal (per-ih-toe-NEE-ul) dialysis is another way to remove waste products from your blood when your kidneys can no longer do the job adequately. During peritoneal dialysis, blood vessels in your abdominal lining (peritoneum) fill in for your kidneys, with the help of a cleansing fluid that flows into and out of the peritoneal space.
Your doctor will help determine when you should start hemodialysis, based on several factors — your overall health, kidney function, signs and symptoms, quality of life, and personal preferences.
You might notice signs and symptoms of kidney failure (uremia), such as nausea, vomiting, swelling or fatigue. Your doctor uses your estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to measure your level of kidney function. Your eGFR is calculated using your blood creatinine test results, sex, age and other factors. A normal value varies with age. This measure of your kidney function can help to plan your treatment, including when to start hemodialysis.
Hemodialysis can help your body control blood pressure and maintain the proper balance of fluid and various minerals — such as potassium and sodium — in your body. Normally, hemodialysis begins well before your kidneys have shut down to the point of causing life-threatening complications.
Common causes of kidney failure include:
However, your kidneys may shut down suddenly (acute kidney injury) after a severe illness, complicated surgery, heart attack or other serious problem. Certain medications can also cause kidney injury.
Some people with severe long-standing (chronic) kidney failure may opt for a different path, choosing maximal medical therapy, also called maximum conservative management, instead of dialysis. This therapy involves active management of complications of advanced chronic kidney disease, such as fluid overload, high blood pressure, and anemia, with a focus on supportive management of symptoms that affect quality of life. Ask your health care team for more information about your options. This is an individualized decision because benefits of dialysis may vary, depending on your particular health issues.
Preparation for hemodialysis starts several weeks to months before your first procedure. To allow for easy access to your bloodstream, a surgeon will create a vascular access. The access provides a mechanism for a small amount of blood to be safely removed from your circulation and then returned to you in order for the hemodialysis process to work. The surgical access needs time to heal before you begin hemodialysis treatments.
There are three types of accesses:
It's extremely important to take care of your access to reduce the possibility of infection and other complications. Follow your health care team's instructions about caring for your access.
Most people who require hemodialysis have a variety of health problems. Hemodialysis prolongs life for many people, but life expectancy for people who need it is still less than that of the general population.
While hemodialysis treatment can be efficient at replacing some of the kidney's lost functions, you may experience some of the related conditions listed below, although not everyone experiences all of these issues. Your dialysis team can help you deal with them.
You can receive hemodialysis in a dialysis center, at home or in a hospital. Frequency of treatment varies, depending on your situation:
Simpler hemodialysis machines have made home hemodialysis less cumbersome, so with special training and someone to help you, you may be able to do hemodialysis at home. You may even be able to do the procedure at night while you sleep.
There are dialysis centers located throughout the United States and in some other countries, so you can travel to many areas and still receive your hemodialysis on schedule. Your dialysis team can help you make appointments at other locations, or you can contact the dialysis center at your destination directly. Plan ahead to make sure space is available and proper arrangements can be made.
During treatments, you sit or recline in a chair while your blood flows through the dialyzer — a filter that acts as an artificial kidney to clean your blood. You can use the time to watch TV or a movie, read, nap, or perhaps talk to your "neighbors" at the center. If you receive hemodialysis at night, you can sleep during the procedure.
If you had sudden (acute) kidney injury, you may need hemodialysis only for a short time until your kidneys recover. If you had reduced kidney function before a sudden injury to your kidneys, the chances of full recovery back to independence from hemodialysis are lessened.
If hemodialysis is started in an emergency, and later it's determined you may need dialysis for the rest of your life, your dialysis team can explain other types of dialysis so that you learn which options can help you reach your goals.
Although in-center, three-times-a-week hemodialysis is more common, some studies suggest that home dialysis is linked to:
Your hemodialysis care team monitors your treatment to make sure you're getting the right amount of hemodialysis to remove enough wastes from your blood. Your weight and blood pressure are monitored very closely before, during and after your treatment. About once a month, you'll receive these tests:
Your care team may adjust your hemodialysis intensity and frequency based, in part, on test results.
Between hemodialysis treatments you can help achieve the best possible results from your hemodialysis by:
Original article: http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hemodialysis/basics/results/prc-20015015
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text: Kat Von D, a celebrity tattoo artist, owns her own business, reality TV show called "LA Ink" and has a best-selling book out titled "High Voltage Tattoo." What can't this woman do? The tattoo'd sky is her limit. This tutorial will give a taste of her model gorgeous good looks and the star tattoos on her face she's so well known for. I hope you have enjoyed "How to Draw Kat Von D." Go ahead, don't be shy--show me your love, comment, and fav. Thank you all for your support. Much hugs and love to you.


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In late February, Columbia Law School Professor Nathaniel Persily filed an amicus brief in Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District No. 1 v. Holder, a Supreme Court case dealing with the constitutionality of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act.
The act requires states and localities with histories of discrimination (areas referred to under Section 5 as "covered jurisdictions") to obtain approval from the Justice Department before implementing any proposed adjustments to their voting processes and procedures. The case centers on the Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District in Austin, Texas, one of the Section 5–designated areas. In the past, Texas had employed a variety of tactics to discourage minority voting, which prompted the covered jurisdiction designation. But the Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District claimed that its history of voter discrimination had passed and aimed to rid itself of the limitations imposed by the Voting Rights Act.
Although the district pointed to the election of President Obama to support its argument that Section 5 is no longer necessary, Persily, the Charles Keller Beekman Professor of Law and Political Science, presented evidence refuting that claim in the brief he filed with the Court. Persily analyzed the results of the 2008 presidential election and found that, while President Obama won the majority of the vote nationwide due to high minority voting and an increase in the share of the white vote in non–covered jurisdictions, he won only 26 percent of the white vote in covered jurisdictions.
"Obama's election was transformative and historic across several dimensions," Persily said, "but to generalize from it that racially polarized voting has diminished across all states would be a mistake."


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Introducing Dr. Baumann
Never one to seek the limelight, Commonweal's editor Paul Baumann nevertheless found himself there on Saturday, gaudily attired at the graduate commencement exercises at Sacred Heart University in Fairfield, CT, where he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree.
He has not yet ordered anyone to call him Doctor in the office, but he did report that he enjoyed the day enormously, and seemed to particularly like the reception in Sacred Heart's new Linda E. McMahon Commons.
In his remarks, the editor told his audience (more than 700 graduate degree recipients and their families) that his high-school baseball squad once played a team anchored by a young Bobby Valentine, later a major league player and manager and now Sacred Heart's athletic director. Back then, recalls Paul, Valentine took advantage of some predictable pitch selection by his opponents and clubbed a towering home run. He concluded:
Catholicism has long taught that our best hope for discovering the truth is to search for it together. A lot of different voices should be welcome in our political and in our religious debates. In other words, as Catholic writers and thinkers we try to mix up our pitches. I urge you to do the same.
Congratulations to all Sacred Heart's degree recipients, in particular this one.
About the Author
Thomas Baker is the publisher of Commonweal.
6 comments
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Giving Cdl Burke a run for his sartorial money, eh, Baumann...?
Paul, congratulations!
David: Please note, Paul is NOT wearing the elbow length kid gloves.
Wonderful news. And now when the editor visits the homeland of his forefathers (I assume I've got the ethnicity right), he can call himself Herr Doktor, and unlike a number of other recent German Herr Doktors who have recently had to resign with red faces, he didn't need to plagiarize to do it!
Congratulations, Doctor Bauman! And thank you for steering Commonweal so well in these extremely choppy seas.
Warm congratulations, Paul! Wouldn't Aidan Kavanagh be proud! :)But I don't see here any of the verbiage used to describe the merits of the awardee. Usually isn't there a glowing paragraph in the program that introduces the candidate and says why they are unreservedly deserving of the honor? Or have I missed the link somehow?Seriously, I am curious as to what they highlighted out of Paul's career and virtues, because this is a gesture of honoring someone as an example to the graduates, isn't it? And I think it's great. Let's have all of them buy subscriptions to Commonweal right away!Also I am mindful that Sacred Heart is in the Bridgeport Diocese. Were there any congratulatory messages from the former ordinaries who have gone on to higher office: Archbishop Lori and Cardinal Egan? (OK, now my tongue is in my cheek. But it is all very interesting, isn't it.)


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why in higgs field drag cause mass? drag is force in general not mass Higgs field- Inquiring Minds - Questions About Physics how drag of higgs field cause mass?
I think you're referring to the statement that the Higgs field "slows things down". This isn't referring to drag or anything close to it. These statements refer to the fact that the Higgs field gives things rest mass. Without rest mass, all elementary particles would travel at $c$. With rest mass, their speed is constrained to between the magnitudes $[0,c)$, and I'm trying to indicate that $c$ isn't included.
Particle's speeds are lower with the Higgs field than without it, hence, the mechanism is sometimes spoken in terms of "slowing down", "drag", or even "jelly". None of these are very good technically, because there is a critical missing detail. The sense in which the Higgs slows things down is a first order sense, while everything we think of as action in a physical sense is a second order sense. Drag has a second order effect on motion.
Your observation is a valid one. The Higgs mechanism is an enabler of inertial and gravitational interaction, as opposed to the particles freely flying at the speed of light. That's only called drag in an extremely loose sense of the meaning of drag. This usage is not loyal to the physical/mechanical sense of drag.


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Great music is a language unto its own, a means of communication of unmatched beauty and genius. And it has an undeniable power to move us in ways that enrich our lives - provided it is understood.
If you have ever longed to appreciate great concert music, to learn its glorious language and share in its sublime pleasures, the way is now open to you, through this series of 48 wonderful lectures designed to make music accessible to everyone who yearns to know it, regardless of prior training or knowledge. It's a lecture series that will enable you to first grasp music's forms, techniques, and terms - the grammatical elements that make you fluent in its language - and then use that newfound fluency to finally hear and understand what the greatest composers in history are actually saying to us.
And as you learn the gifts given us by nearly every major composer, you'll come to know there is one we share with each of them - a common humanity that lets us finally understand that these were simply people speaking to us, sharing their passion and wanting desperately to be heard. Using digitally recorded musical passages to illustrate his points, Professor Greenberg will take you inside magnificent compositions by Bach, Handel, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Verdi, Wagner, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Stravinsky, and more. Even if you have listened to many of these illustrative pieces throughout your life - as so many of us have - you will never hear them the same way again after experiencing these lectures.
PLEASE NOTE: When you purchase this title, the accompanying reference material will be available in your Library section along with the audio.
©2006 The Teaching Company, LLC (P)2006 The Great Courses
"Wonderful, I've wanted this for so long...but..."
There is no print version!
Shall I say Beethoven? or Bach? :)
I must have missed this.
Good music is always moving.
I've been wanting this for YEARS... but audible has made this affordable for me. MORE intellectual Teaching company! These Great Courses were the reason I signed up for audible initially, but have found so much more here.
This is a marvelous course, and I will definitely purchase more by this professor. I spent my college years pursuing practical courses in my scientific field, so this is an opportunity for me to finally take the "I wish I could" classes, in a way, that I never was able to before. Thank you so much for offering these.
However, I DO have one major problem....
Please, audible, can you have your software let people break things up into chapters, or lectures? I download these, and to have 36 lectures break up into 6 parts (For example; for the first section is: 1-Music as a Mirror; Sources—The Ancient World and the Early Church; The Middle Ages; Introduction to the Renaissance; The Renaissance Mass; The Madrigal) - well, that's just impossible to search or list on my media player! When I want to go back and find an area, it's very difficult to find - the chapters are just very tiny increments apart on the "bar".
The sections should be listed by lecture I can easily find what I am looking for, or at least an option should be given. This is a course, after all. Could they not be:
1 - Music as a Mirror
2 - Sources - The Ancient World and Early Church
3 - The Middle Ages
4- Introduction to the Renaissance
5- The Renaissance Mass
6- The Madrigal
See how much nicer and cleaner? That would make me so much happier! I have the same problem with chapter books. I just listened to Anne of Green Gables (marvelous, by the way) and wanted to find the part where Anne dyed her hair green. It was so hard to do, as a 9 hour book is only in one piece! Please find a way to let us break the courses into smaller, more practical parts, such as by lecture and chapter.
"Bravo Bob Greenberg"
As someone who has listened to more than 40 courses from the Great Courses series, this one is simply the best. Since music was not my main interest, I was reluctant to invest $100 in this course from the GC website but jumped when I saw it offered by Audible for 1 credit because Prof. Greenberg had been most highly rated (4.8) by those who purchased the course.
I admit to being initially disappointed by the professor's more informal and expressive approach which seemed geared to college Freshmen accustomed to listening to Hip Hop on their I Pods. But by the second lesson I was hooked for several reasons. First, the man not only knows his music, he loves it and his enthusiasm is infectious. Second, he approaches this course more like a coach than a teacher: leading the listener step by step through the music selections, reviewing main points from earlier lectures to bring the listener back up to speed, and asking leading questions to keep the listener's head in the game. Third, his rants are entertaining whether they are making a point or settling a score with other musicologists and he has some killer throw away lines.
The bottom line is that I now have the classical station preset on my car radio and, with a basic understanding of the approach of the composer and of the era of the music, I enjoy listening to it. Prof. Greenberg provides the key to understanding this music and I suspect that many of his students at Berkeley have also added Mozart and Verdi to their playlists.
The only drawback is that the course notes are not included with the audio download. While this is not important for many of the Great Courses, it would be a valuable accompaniment to this course. But then again, with an $85 savings through Audible, this minor complaint, like Beethoven's Fifth, is resolved by Bob Greenberg's major accomplishment.
easy to understand and entertaining listen for a "non musical" person like me
Prof Greenberg seems to be speaking directly to you - his speech is clear, interesting and very entertaining
I certainly laughed ( must understand American humour )
I'm hooked! I've downloaded two more series ( opera and jazz )
I never understood why people like classical music. The title delivered what it promised. I now have an appreciation of the music
He has an enthusiasm for music which he shares. He shared the historical context of the music which gave it meaning in the
Human experience
It was long but I had the time available for it.
"So this is what musicians secretly know!"
This was one fantastic audiobook! This is part of the the Great Courses lecture series and if you order it through Great Courses it would cost about $300. However, if you order it through Audible.com, it costs one credit, which is about $14.00. the only difference is that you don't receive the written course material, which might have come in handy on occasion but is not necessary to enjoy this incredible experience.
So what is this great experience? It is nothing short of a 48 lecture course on, exactly as promised, how to listen to great music! Each lecture is 45 minutes, so that adds up to about 40 hours of listening time... quite a commitment. Robert Greenberg is a music professor who seems like the type of person that if you met him at party you would feel like you knew him your whole life. His enthusiasm for music is contagious. He is a great story teller and has a way of describing music in such a way that "it sticks".
Like most great teachers, he tells you what he is going to teach, teaches it, then summarizes what he just taught. As he frequently says, music is a mirror of the time, so he adds historical insight into the description of the music. He doesn't try to cover everything, that would be impossible, but takes a longitudinal approach, beginning with the ancient world and quickly moves forward to the baroque,classical and romantic period. In the process he defines musical vocabulary that conductors, composers and music producers seem to think we all understand but don't. In the process he not only clarifies our ability to perceive what the composer's intent was in the creation of the music, but also helps us to understand their brilliance in making complexity seem so simple. You could say the same thing about Professor Greenberg himself... New Jersey native that he is, he has not lost his direct and irreverent manner of speaking, even while living in California.
He is the only person who convinced me that I should really give opera a chance... I did... and sad to say... I still don't enjoy listening to the vocals, much as I like the orchestration. Each to his own, I guess.
I would definitely order another one of these (he has many..). Makes for a much more enjoyable car ride.
"Super Great Courses!"
The recent addition of the "Great Courses" is, for me like an invitation to a great feast! Starting with this unbelievable "dish". Robert Greenberg is a great teacher. I have no musical training or ability, just appreciation, but I can now hold my own in a discussion of music and composers. Prof. Greenberg is able to put music in a historical context as well as the personalities of the composers. His excitement for telling the "story" draws you in and keeps you wanting more. You may find yourself wanting to learn more about the history of a country, the food, the literature, etc, just because you had a taste of the music. There is truly nothing better than a great "story" well told! I am so pleased the Teaching Company has found and featured world class instructors so you and I can enjoy the learning! And I am overjoyed they are now available at Audible! I just can not say enough about this awesome course, I hope you enjoy it as much as I do!
"Fantastic deal!"
I bought this series on cassette when my library was getting rid of all their cassettes. The material was excellent but the quality of the used cassettes was awful, I had to stop less than halfway through because it was so frustrating, I thought of purchasing the set on CD but the price was pretty high. Now I can hear it all in perfect condition at a great price!
Robert Greenberg is smart and funny and presents the material in a way that is accessible to anyone. I'm delighted that we now get access to The Great Courses at our regular credit price!
"The bar has been raised"
I am in love with Professor Greenberg. I wish I had attended even one lecture in college as interesting, entertaining, and informative as this. And I want more. The others that I had hoped were similar just did not measure up. His wit mixed with his passion for his subject was wonderful. Now I'm going to add all his lectures to my wish list.
Learn, understand, then decide whether you accept or reject.
"Breaking New Grounds"
There are very few books that seem to take advantage of audiobook technology as this one has. It is a lecture explaining the origin of music, as well as the developments and changes of schools of thought behind each form of music and how to develop an ear for it, with snippets of the music discussed broken down in each lecture to clarify the lecturer's point, followed by the full piece discussed at the end.
I feel like I can understand music, even modern music, better.
"If you want to learn about the history of music .."
Professor Greenberg loves has a passion for music and you know this with every word he speaks, he also makes the information fun. I laughed out loud a few times as well. This is like taking a 36 hour college course. You can't sit down and listen to more than 4 chapters at a time, but you'll want to because of Professor Greenberg.
Professor Greenberg....LOL
Couldn't do it.
This is a wonderful course, however like any college course you really don't want to take it again. One listen is more than enough to teach you quite a bit about ancient to modern music and Professor Greenberg makes it easy to get the knowledge.
"A treat for ears and heart"
Yes, although this is quite a loaded question. When talking about music the ability to listen to the actual pieces being discussed is infinitely better than reading about what the notes sound like.
Hearing Guillaume de Machaut's "Quant en moy" from the 14th century - it captivated me almost instantly and Greenberg's wonderful way of explaining it made me realise there is so much to music from previous ages I have little or no knowledge about.
Not really applicable as this is no fictional "book". However, Professor Greenberg is the key to the whole course. His enthusiasm for the subject is embedded in every lecture and without him it would simply not work. Perfect mix between detail, humor and lecturing.
I might want to but at 48 lectures it is simply too long! Also, pauses are highly recommended to reflect on the various topics.
Even though 48 lectures might sound daunting at first, I would recommend this course to anyone interested in learning more about (concert) music. What makes this course work is not just the way it is structured - leading through the history of music from ancient times to the early 20th century - but most of all the enthusiastic lecturer, Robert Greenberg.
I found it a joy to listed to him and am now actively seeking out composers such as Josquin des Prez or Guillaume de Machaut. Before this course I had never heard of either of them. But also well known pieces become much more "understandable" (Beethoven's 5th, Hayden's symphonies, even Schoenberg!).
Greenberg follows the simple (sounding) principle that music is a mirror of its time; he uses this guideline to explain music throughout the ages.
It is not a cheap audiobook but this is where a credit becomes the payment of choice!
"Entertaining and Informative"
I was slightly apprehensive about downloading this course of 48 lectures. Would I be able to complete them all? Would they be too technical for a non-musician? I needn't have worried. Robert Greenberg is a wonderfully entertaining narrator whose enthusiasm for the music he is discussing is infectious and whose humorous asides and witty anecdotes often made me laugh out loud. The course is never boring. It helps one to hear the classics with new ears - for example, I will never be able to hear Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique again without being reminded of Erectile Dysfunction - as well as introducing the listener - well, this listener, at least - to music that would not exactly be top of the concert hall charts (I'm looking at you, Arnold Schoenberg). All in all, thoroughly enjoyable and very informative. I would recommend it to anyone keen to get a greater understanding of great music.
"Best introduction into music"
Absolutely. I never appreciated any form of concert music (see I've already leant not to call it classical) before. I was aware of nice melodies i had heard in everyday life; in tv commercials, in the movies etc. I knew it existed, but I never understood it. I can now proudly boast to know a little bit, and it made me seek this type of music out, and enjoy it.
I liked the chronological presentation of the history of music from the simplicity of the early days the the more complex forms that developed over time. Each period is nicely explained and accompanied with significant non-musical historical stories which I knew nothing about. So in a way you also get a bit of a history lesson.
Bach and Mozart
Life-enriching. Thank you.
"An absolute triumph!"
Words can't express how much I've enjoyed this course. Professor Green berg's enthusiasm for music is infectious.
"Great for music lovers"
I enjoyed listening to prof Greenberg, funny guy and very smart in his field which makes each chapter interesting.
a well structured course enabled me to keep on top when tackling new genres.
The downside however, having been drilled so hard about JS Bach and never once covered anything of Vivaldi.
"Outstanding Lecture Programme"
Truly fantastic! I have just finished to this series of lectures (almost in one sitting - that how good the course was). Professor Greenberg is incredibly knowledgeable, as you would expect, but also hugely engaging. The structure of the lectures was absolutely right for me - without treating the audience as novices, Prof Greenberg manages to tell you all the stuff that you might not know, with subtlety, as well as all the stuff that you really want to know. The production is very polished without being too obviously so. I would recommend to anyone who wants to learn more about concert music and understand it better - it certainly worked for me. I shall be investing in many more of Professor Greenberg's courses.
Getting to understand the context in which great composers lived and worked.
Not yet, but I certainly will be!
The Greatest Lecture Programme ever!
A big, big thank you to Robert Greenberg for taking the trouble to share his tremendous knowledge and experience with me in this way!
This is one of the most interesting, engaging and compelling listens that I've had.
The mixture of historical context and musical theory together with audible examples.
Greenberg's enthusiasm for his subject together with his humour.
Audible considers the additional course literature as "unnecessary" to listening to the course. I disagree. Certainly the word scores referred to would be invaluable.
"Only 1 chapter in and I'm adding a review!"
I've only listened to 1 chapter so far and yet feel a desire to add a review already. The speaker is passionate, engaging and humorous. The content exciting and thought provoking.
Whether my review will stay the same after the next 47 chapters I don't know. I haven't listened to audio books on music before and so this was a risk. One that I'm glad I took!
"Listen and Learn"
The Professor gave his lectures with humour and made them very enjoyable to listen to
It would depend on the subject - I only knew the popular classics so was intrigued to learn more
Not a story as such although the story of the progression of music through the ages was the key (please pardon the pun) part of these lectures
I was continually frustrated by the snippets of music used as illustrations and usually wanted to hear more. I now have the task of tracking down some of the pieces to hear them in full
I was amazed to find how much I needed to know about music and am very pleased that I listened to this series of lectures
"Outstanding music course"
I thoroughly enjoyed this audiobook course and it's exhuberant presentation by Professor Robert Greenberg and highly recommend it to all lovers of classical music.
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How can an 18 month old be taught that bullying is not ok? He seems to like causing the trouble it brings upon him, and bullying, mean acts also seem to please him. He likes to sit on his younger cousin (my son), push him down, and steal his toys. His parents seem to be at a loss about it, and I don't really have any good suggestions to give. Thanks.
When you are talking about babies and toddlers, bullying is a lot simpler than it can be with older children. At this age, it's pretty much one of three scenarios:
So, that leaves the question of how to fix it...
This will take a while to work -- first, the 18mo has to grasp that the consequence is causally linked to the behavior; then he/she will test different behaviors to see which ones get a time-out; finally, he/she will experiment with not getting caught and/or test occasionally after the lesson is learned just to see if anything has changed.
You'll note that this is a little different than the normal time-out routine I recommend for older children (2+), in that there is no warning. This is because a lot of 18mo (I'd guess most of them) don't grasp punishments that are separated, even a little, from the behavior that prompts them. The no-warning approach is also good for 2yos that have trouble connecting it all, though almost all older 2yo kids and 3-and-ups will grasp it and should get warnings.
There is something that a teacher told us regarding the bullying between our toddler (3) and our infant (1 year). When the toddler does something to his baby sister that is not terrible but just not nice (like taking away a toy she is holding) you should talk to the toddler about how he hurt the offend-ed's feelings. Since the baby can not, they can't express their reaction with words.
It is important to try to explain to the toddler that his actions affected someone else in a wrong way. She stressed that small punishments (like timeouts or saying sorry) might not be effective because then kids might think that its OK to do the bad things as long as they say sorry afterward.
You will have to decide at what age you think the child would be ready to start "understanding", but you can always start talking about it early and eventually he/she will catch on. If the child is not exposed to many kids, it could be also that he just does not know yet how to share and "play-nice" with others. He could be just pushing and exploring his boundaries.
Usually bullying can be back referenced to bad parenting, or a bad experience the boy had.
Maybe the father treats the mother like that? Or it can be that he didn't get to much attention. Or not enough love, not enough care, not enough softness. It is very ease to neglect a child without even noticing that you neglect him.
It also can be that he is jealous. Children don't do things based on genes or because they thought out that. Especially not if they are so young. Everything and i mean everything that a child does comes from observation in this early stage. He must have seen it somewhere or experienced it, or he is expressing a bad feeling an uneasiness, something that he don't like but can't quit figure out what it is and can't express himself otherwise either.
Maybe he just wants some love some softness you must find that one out.
As to how to teach him to stop it? That's easy. TELL HIM TO STOP IT! :) And if he doesn't listen? Well there are a number of things:
A timeout is a good thing. Let him sit on a chair for 3 minutes. If he tries to get up, set him back on. And so forth. You are the parent, you have to establish that.
So, i hope this could help you. I know you probably mostly thought about this too, so i hope someone more experienced can help more maybe.
We've been trying to deal with this problem ourselves. My son is nearly 2 yr 10 months, my daughter is 11 months. She is fascinated with her older brother, but he wants nothing to do with her most of the time, so will shove her out of the way, knock her over, grab her toys away, or even hit her on the head. It's a major problem and we've been trying every trick.
A large part of it seems to be jealousy. He'll even admit this if questioned (but I wonder if he is just saying that because it's an answer that "works".)
We've mainly been following an approach such as the one suggested by Hannibal, but time outs don't seem to faze him much any more. Sometimes we require him to apologize, but I don't think he really understands the purpose of that so it tends to get ritualized; now we've been using it more as an optional thing he can do to lessen his punishment. We do a LOT of explaining about good manners vs. bad manners. We can get him to promise, promise promise not to touch or hit her, and then 2 minutes later: bonk! waah!
A couple days ago I tried something new. We got one of his stuffed animals and pretended that was his sister, and played at giving her bottles and soothing her when she cried. It gave a neutral way to talk about being nice vs. being mean. I voiced the baby cries, which was a nice change for me!
Since then we've noticed him being more empathetic to her. It's only been a few days so we'll see how it goes, but there's an increase in good big-brother actions like bringing her toys or pacifiers and reduction in bad behaviors. Just like with the doll, we have started giving him extra feedback about how his actions please or displease his sister. Hopefully the extra attention we're giving him when he does good things will be positive reinforcement.
The tricky part of the question is that you are not the parent of the bully, you are the parent of the one being bullied. Although you ask what can be done to stop the bully, you don't actually have the position to do this because most of the time you aren't with that child and you can't enforce consistency. Of course, the advice here is great for the parent of the bully.
You also have a challenge because the children are cousins, so you can't avoid contact until the behaviour improves (which I did with a bullying child and my son and it worked well, the two boys are great friends now). I would do what you can in that direction. Talk to the child's parents and say that you are concerned for your child (it may be embarrassing but they need to know). You could try agreeing to go away from each other when it happens (this may be difficult for your child but its probably better than being bullied)
In the end you can hope the behaviour will stop, but your focus needs to be on how you can protect and support your child if it doesn't


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text:
HOUSTON (October 2, 2012)—More of billionaire R. Allen Stanford's property goes up for auction this weekend and the proceeds will go toward those he's convicted of defrauding in a multibillion-dollar Ponzi scheme.
Seth Worstell Auction Co. of Houston will conduct the auction at 10 a.m. Saturday at its auction house in northeastern Houston.
The firm has generated more than $267,000 in sales in two previous auctions, which is a small fraction of the $220 million recovered in real estate, stock and other asset sales over the past 3½ years.
Stanford, a Mexia native, Baylor graduate and former Waco businessman, is serving a 110-year prison sentence for defrauding investors out of more than $7 billion.
Worstell said items from Stanford's residence in St. Croix will be auctioned, including furniture, appliances, golf carts, a boat and two baby grand pianos.


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A 19-year-old accused of killing Hart County teenager Brandon Crain last year was arraigned in court this morning.
Daniel Hostetler has been charged with manslaughter.
Those close to Crain never thought answers would come.
This time last year, his body was found in the Green River in Butler County, several miles down river from Hart County.
Crain had been missing for several months, and it was a tragic end to a long search.
The Hart County Sheriff's Office originally ruled the death accidental, but Crain's family never gave up hope.
"They didn't believe any of the stories we all heard. They didn't believe an accidental drowning occurred, and we honestly thought that's all we are going to get," says Crain's cousin, Michael Collins.
Hostetler was unexpectedly arrested over the weekend in connection to Crain's death.
He pleaded not guilty in court this morning.
"There was no way he could commit suicide. And I found it impossible for him to be that close down to the river for him just to have fallen in," Collins says.
According to the police report, the arrest came after Hostetler's brother, who lives in Flemingsburg, notified police about the alleged crime.
The report also says Hostetler confessed to pushing Crain on the ground near the boat dock in Munfordville, killing him, and put his body in the Green River, but he did not intend to kill him.
"I'm glad that the family will have peace for themselves and move on," says Brent Supertest employee, Kaye Faulkner.
"It's sad that someone has taken his life, but it's kind of comforting to me anyway, and I hope the family. That he didn't take his own life," says Brent Supertest Store Owner, Mark Brent.
Brent was one of many in Munfordville who never gave up hope in the search for Crain.
His surveillance footage showed Crain heading toward the river on January 26th last year, the day he went missing.
"It's sad, and I feel sorry for the family, I really do that they have to know that someone actually hurt a loved one of there's," says family friend, Krystal Decker.
Hostetler remains in the Hart County jail.
His bond is $50,00.
Hostetler will appear in Hart County District Court on Thursday.


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Suppose that I have a partial order P and an increasing sequence $a_0< a_1<a_2<\cdots$ of elements of $P$. A pair of elements (b,c) from P is said to be an exact pair for this sequence, if
- Both $b$ and $c$ are upper bounds for the sequence, so that $a_n<b$ and $a_n<c$ for every $n$, and
- Whenever $d\leq b$ and $d\leq c$ then $d\leq a_n$ for some $n$.
b c : : : a_2 a_1 a_0
More generally, an ideal $I$ in $P$ admits an exact pair $(b,c)$, if $I=\{\ a \mid a< b\text{ and } a<c\ \}$.
Note that if a strictly increasing sequence has an exact pair, then the sequence cannot have a least upper bound, since such a bound would be below both b and c and therefore have to be below some $a_n$, and consequently not an upper bound of the sequence after all. Note also that if $b$ and $c$ form an exact pair for a strictly increasing sequence, then there can be no greatest lower bound for $\{b,c\}$, and so orders with such exact pairs are not lattices.
The exact pair property arises in computability theory, because in the hierarchy of Turing degrees, every increasing sequence admits an exact pair. This is one way of seeing that the set of Turing degrees is not a lattice. More generally, every countable ideal in the Turing degrees has an exact pair, and in the case of principal ideals, this implies that every Turing degree is the greatest lower bound of a pair of incomparable degrees. It also arises for certain hierarchies of complexity theory.
The exact pair property is so beautifully structural, serving as an alternative to completeness, and for this reason I have always wondered whether it could have applications in other contexts, but I have only ever heard of it in connection with the computability degrees. Therefore,
My question is: Does the exact pair phenomenon arise elsewhere in mathematics? Are there other natural orders studied outside logic that have the exact pair property?
Perhaps other natural hierarchies in mathematics exhibit the exact pair property? Or perhaps they do but this remains undiscovered...


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I am looking for a French verb which conveys the meaning of the German word 'pflegen'. In particular in the IT sense of maintaining data (Datenpflegen) by keeping data up-to-date and consistent. I'm also looking for related words such as 'Daten einpflegen' (Data entry).
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As a native German, here my thoughts:
I'm not sure if any French word does have a similar figurative meaning as einpflegen does have, but the suggested word maintenir sounds quite OK to me. Especially because there are a lot of results on Google for maintenir and données in context with SQL and SAP.
Comparing back-translations to German instand halten, aufrechterhalten and such are also expressing what you wanna say. Additionally, Pons translates Pflege and Wartung with entretien et maintenance and Programmwartung with maintenance du programme.
As comments point out, entretien doesn't actually fit in context of data. It is more appropriate when talking about maintaining roads or such. The English maintenance is AFAIK also more about maintaining machines, road etc., not software or data. However, I consider maintenance as barely suitable for Datenpflege.
Hence another, perhaps better, possibility might be mise à jour des données. It simply means to update and this is the closest match I came across in my Google search.
Last but not least, a translation I'd consider as appropriate for einpflegen is saisir. It means to supply or to put in texts, values etc.
I'm no german speaker, but from what you explained, I would translate Datenpflegen into Maintenir des données à jour.
As for Daten einpflegen, it could be translated to Entrée / Introduction de données, or Entrer / Introduire des données for the verbal form.
Edit: User Em1 came up with an even better translation for Daten einpflegen : Saisie de données / Saisir des données.
I don't speak German at all but, by your English description, it seems that « synchronisation des données » could match the meaning.
If it can't fit in the label, you can use « synchro des données » or even « MAJ données ».


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For the third consecutive year, the Carmi-White County Middle School Music Department students, under the direction of retiring music instructor Roger Thompson, have swept through district music contest with all first place finishes. Seven of the first place finishes were also awarded superior medals. The contest took place at Benton Grade School Saturday March 16, 2013.
The following students were awarded firsts: Haley Roedder and Deanne Miller- flutes; Kaylee Wagner - oboe; Kera Herrington, Brianna Stocke and Carson Boren - clarinets; Chance Hamblin - tenor sax; Jeni Ackerman - trumpet; Tyler Spence - xylophone; Dillon Womack, Riley Paynter and Peyton Frymire - snare drums; Kera Harrington and Eva Ochs - Piano; and Kera Harrington, Carson Boren, Eva Ochs and Brittany Little - voice.
Superior performance awards were awarded to: Grace Sinclair - flute; Eva Ochs - trumpet; Robert-Michael Midkiff - trombone; Chance Hamblin - piano; and Haley Roedder, Chance Hamblin and Brianna Stocke - voice.
Mr. Thompson wanted to especially thank accompanists and private voice teachers, Barbara Karger and Cathy Riley, for their support and help. In addition, Steve Bell was a private music teacher for several of the students.
Many parents were in attendance, giving wonderful support to this spectacular accomplishment.
Location, ST | website.com


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A few friends and i are planning to work on a project together and we want a COMPLETELY DIFFERENT coding standard. We do NOT want to use the coding standard the libraries/language uses. Its our project and we want to mess around.
So i came here to ask what you guys think are good standards and arguments for it (or what not to do and arguments against it). The styles i remember most are
- Upper casing the entire word
- Camel and Pascal casing
- Using '_' to separate each word
- pre or postfixing letters or words (i hate m for member but i think IsCond() is a good func name. SomethingException as a postfix example)
- Using '_' at the start or end of words
- Brace placement. On a new or same line?
I know of libs that use Pascal casing on all public and protected members. But would you ever get confused if something is a func, var or even property if the lang supports it? What about if you decide a public member to be private (or vice versa) wouldnt that great a lot of fix up work or inconsistencies? Is prefixing C to every class a good idea? I ask what do you think and why?


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I saw in a movie a girl asking for a "very dirty" drink. Did she want higher alcohol content?
I searched definitions of dirty but I couldn't find any related to a drink.
I saw in a movie a girl asking for a "very dirty" drink. Did she want higher alcohol content?
I searched definitions of dirty but I couldn't find any related to a drink.
Here is an explanation with some examples:
A martini is simply gin (or vodka) with some proportion of vermouth (the relative proportion determines whether it is "dry" - almost purely gin or vodka - or "wet" - more vermouth.) It can be garnished with an olive or a lemon twist.
If you garnish with an olive, and then add a bit of the brine from the olive jar to the drink, that is a "dirty martini." A "very dirty" martini would, I'm guessing, contain a lot of brine.
The above descriptions of a dirty alcoholic beverage are excellent. I believe that these two answers however may have ignored the context in which this phrase was used.
This is only my personal opinion, but I think that this character was making a double entendre, implying that she not only wanted a dirty drink, but she was receptive to vigorous sexual intercourse.
Once again this is just a guess, but the context in which this phrase was used may shed more light.
In England we use the phrase 'Dirty Pint' to describe a pint made up of 3, or more, different alcoholic drinks. Dirty pints are usually consumed for reasons such as being crap at cards or if it is your birthday. In some drinking games there will be an empty pint glass in the middle of the table, to which everyone may contribute a bit of their own personal drink, until the glass is full and there is a dirty pint. The loser of the game will have to consume this delicious beverage.
In the context of Jader's observation, I imagine that this girl wanted to get very drunk!
dirty, in the sense of "dirty martini" is taking the water from the canned olives, and pouring some inside the drink, giving it a "murky" look.
Dirty, with respect to a drink, means that the olive for garnish is stuffed with a blue cheese.
Thank you for your interest in this question.
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