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FORT RILEY, Kan. -- Soldiers were recognized for their dedication and hard work on Fort Riley Thursday during a celebration marking a milestone for the National Guard.
The Kansas National Guard's Advanced Turbine Engine Army Maintenance (ATEAM) program celebrated the completion of its 1,000th turbine engine rebuild in a ceremony Thursday, May 9, 2013 at the ATEAM facility on the installation.
The facility specializes in the rebuild of Air Gas Turbine 1500 (AGT1500) M1 Abrams tank engines, backed by a sustainment maintenance package for five years or 1,400 hours. The ATEAM has shipped the AGT1500 turbine engines in support of Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom and New Dawn, and Operation Noble Eagle.
The ATEAM is federally-funded and as a result, brings a significant economic benefit to the state of Kansas. It is a joint-manufacturing operation that employs 120 Army and Air National Guard Soldiers with an annual payroll of $8.3 million.
Maj. Gen. Lee Tafanelli, the adjutant general, said: "These are the M-1 tank engines. They rebuild them. And so instead of having to go out and buy a new engine each time, what they're able to do here is basically repair, in many cases, the parts that are damaged and recondition the engine and put it back into service at a much lower cost than what it would be to buy a brand new engine or transmission."
It takes more than 1,000 man hours for soldiers to rebuild each engine and transmission.
In 2013, the ATEAM will execute a repair parts budget of almost $52 million, putting federal dollars to work in the state by procuring parts from Kansas manufacturing companies including Topeka Foundry in Topeka, Exline Incorporated in Salina, Glendo Corporation in Emporia, and Oswald Manufacturing in Herrington.
The ATEAM's customers include the National Guard Bureau and Tank Automotive Command (TACOM). The facility supports TACOM's Foreign Military Sales Program by rebuilding engines and transmissions for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The ATEAM is also partnered with Army Material Command as an AGT1500 turbine engine provider.
The ATEAM also rebuilds the tank's X1100-3B cross-drive tank transmission and Full Up Power Packs (FUPPs), exceeding National Maintenance Work Requirement (NMWR) standards. It is the second year of a multi-year program in which they produce FUPPs (engines and transmissions combined) for the Lima, OH tank plant.
In addition to manufacturing, the ATEAM also provides on-site training and field service repair work for National Guard tank units across the country. This cost-effective service substantially reduces sustainment costs while improving equipment readiness.


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HOME NFL Tennessee Titans Gear Tennessee Titans Mens Tennessee Titans Mens Auto Accessories Tennessee Titans Mens Auto Accessories Keychains (2 items) Product ID: 1274415
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subset: commoncrawl


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By size or weight - I never seem to know ...
Here's some general guidelines I have used in the past:
The terms are not always completely accurate so use your best judgement. I've often seen large onions that were as big or bigger than "jumbo" according to this data.
While not scientific, I think some ingredients are best left to the idea of artistic interpretation -- or in chef vernacular, "to taste". Onions are the perfect example of this. Like onions just so-so? use medium sized ones. Love 'em? Go large. Hate 'em? Go mini...and dice it really, really small.
NOTE: Skip jumbo. It's a bad category regardless of your affinity for the root. For most all veggies, it's ideal to buy small or medium, because smaller sizes maintain better flavor. The larger ones have often gained their girth through water weight...making for pithy textures and disappointing taste. Think watered-down chicken soup.


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Your Return-On-Investment is your net profit (or return) divided by the total amount you've spent (e.g in buy-ins). It's commonly stated as a percentage.
652 views
How big an edge can you have on a tournament field ? ROI vs edge question
The situation: You are playing a deep stack tournament with 300BB starting stack. Let's suppose you have exactly 300% ROI in this field, in this specific tournament. UTG goes all-in on the first hand, ...


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CHARLOTTE, N.C. - A "BLACKOUT" has been declared for the Charlotte 49ers men's basketball uptown showdown with ACC foe Florida State at Time Warner Cable Arena on Saturday, December 22. Charlotte 49ers fans are encouraged to wear black for this nationally televised (CBS Sports Network) battle slated for a 2:00 pm tip.
The official "BLACKOUT" T-shirt is available now for only $10 at Barnes and Noble at UNC Charlotte and the Barnes and Noble kiosk at Halton Arena on game day.
Charlotte 49ers basketball fans will be treated to a thrilling halftime show to add to this exciting NCAA Basketball game as Hardee's presents David Chapman, known as Peter Rabbit, who has mastered the art of a drum style playing of five gallon buckets. This phenomenal talent has performed with the Neville Brothers/Summer Stage, numerous NBA halftimes & quarter breaks, and was part of the original Broadway and first National touring company of the Five Tony Award-winning smash hit "Bring in 'da Noise Bring in 'da Funk".
Single game tickets are $25. Tickets may also be purchased as part of the 49ers Partial Season Ticket Flex Plan - allowing fans to attend five of the remaining Charlotte games, including the match-up with Florida State. Purchase your tickets today by contacting the Charlotte 49ers Athletic Ticket Office at 704.687.4949 or click here for single game tickets only.


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In Munkres (Chapter 3, Section 23, p. 148), Munkres shows that if a subspace $Y$ of a space $X$ is not connected, then there are two disjoint open subsets $A,B$ such that the union of $A$ and $B$ contains $Y$. What doesn't make sense is that a separation of $Y$ only requires two open subsets of $Y$ which are disjoint, as subsets of $Y$. That is, $A$ and $B$ certainly can't intersect anywhere in $Y$, but who says they have to be disjoint? Or is asking whether a subset $Y$ of $X$ is connected as a subset of $X$ a different question than saying "okay, here is the topology on $Y$ as a subset of $X$ - now is $Y$ connected under that topology?"
Per your comment, I think you misunderstood what Munkres is trying to say.
I read it to mean two definitions are given. Firstly, that he defines what it means to have a separation of a subspace $Y$ inside of the space $X$. Then he defines a space $Y$ as connected if it cannot be separated within itself. ($Y$ is trivially a subspace of itself, so the first definition of a separation can be used.)
Now, in the example I gave where $X = \{a,b,c\}$, $Y = \{a,c\}$, with topology on $X$ generated by $\{a,b\}, \{b,c\}$, the subspace $Y$ is not a connected set in $X$, as it is not a connected space in its subspace topology. But the space $X$ is connected, so the connected component of $\{a\}$ in $X$ is the whole space. (Whereas the connected component in $Y$ is itself.)
This shouldn't be so strange if you consider a more intuitive example: Let $X$ be the open interval $(0,1)$, and $Y$ be the subset $(0,1/4)\cup (3/4,1)$. Then $Y$ is not connected. The connected component containing the point $1/8$ in $X$ is the whole space, whereas the connected component when considered in $Y$ is just the interval $(0,1/4)$.
In other words, the connected component of a point in $X$ is a subspace $Y$ such that $Y$ is connected in the subspace topology and such that $Y$ and $X\setminus Y$ are both open. (And $Y$ of course contains the point in question.)
Two sets are called disjoint if they have no element in common. Thus for two subsets of $Y\subset X$ there is no distinction to be made between "disjoint in $Y$ and "disjoint in $X$".
Call two sets in a space separated if (they are disjoint and) neither one contains a limit point of the other. By the nature of the subspace topology, for two subsets of the subspace $Y\subset X$ there is no distinction between "separated in $Y$" and "separated in $X$". That is, a point of $Y$ in in the closure of a subset of $Y$ from the point of view of $X$ if and only if this is true from the point of view of $Y$. So there is no ambiguity in asking whether $Y$ can be expressed as the union of two nonempty separated sets.
But note that "having disjoint closures" is a stronger condition on two subsets of $Y$, for which there would be ambiguity.
(My parenthesis above was to ward off a real ambiguity of language: some people use "limit point of $A$" to mean any point in the closure of $A$; others do not include isolated points of $A$ as limit points.)
I wonder if the questioner was giving "disjoint" some topological meaning. I have noticed that topology students sometimes get the idea that it has such a meaning. This may be suggested by topologists' habit of using the expression "the disjoint union of spaces" for what is sometimes called the topological disjoint union or topological sum, i.e. the coproduct of objects in the category of spaces.
NOTE: Whenever we speak of a topology on a subspace, unless specified otherwise, we mean this subspace topology. It seems natural to assume the following definition of a connected topological space (and Munkres does so) :
It follows that any subspace of X is connected if it is connected with respect to the induced (subspace) topology on it.
Now, Munkres gives a characterization of connectedness of a subspace:
The proof given there is clear. One point to note is that the following are equivalent for subsets A and B of X:


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Creekside has two buildings located in the area which are Bridge End and West Lake. This 4-Star condominium offers an excellent value with comfortable accommodations at an economical price. Homes are well-maintained with furnishings and décor that may be dated or uncoordinated. Distance to American Eagle lift is within 150 yards.
This studio, one bathroom condominium unit is conveniently located with nearby restaurants, bars, golf course, shopping center, skier services and activity centers. Amenities include a kitchen, a TV, a DVD/VCR, wireless internet access, parking area and shuttle access.Winter amenities include skier services, snowshoeing, cross country skiing, and a skating rink. Summer amenities include an activity center, Frisbee golf, putt-putt golf, summer chair lift rides, climbing wall, bungee jump, bumper boats, and go karts.
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Their staff was very knowledgeable and quick in response to all my questions. I would book with them again!
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This may be a naive question, but after the Fukushima Daiichi partial meltdown and studying the aftermath of Chernobyl it seems they could be helped by this idea.
In Chernobyl, the liquidators that cleaned up the disaster tunneled concrete under the reactor core and covered the whole complex in a big containment unit. Why could they not have a 30 meter pit below a reactor filled with water with a trap door holding the reactor up? This pit could be very thick reinforced concrete similar to a missile silo If there were a meltdown or imminent meltdown and there were no other options the reactor core could be dropped into this pit by triggering the trap door and then perhaps have lead shot dumped on it or sealed in concrete.
This seems very simple but there must be some reason why this is not practical. I know that the core would still be hot and it would still be a problem but would this not be better than it being exposed to air?


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The Lilac Fairy
Posted 26 February 2004 - 12:10 AM
I have a problem with the Lilac being among five other fairies so she's off-center. If she's to be a dancing role, you need six other fairies somehow for balance, or else she's diminished in the group dances.
This is a lighting issue rather than a choreography problem, but the followspot isn't fully on the Lilac when she gives the rejoinder to Carabosse's curse. She's got to be brighter than Carabosse at that moment, or she seems weak.
Martins has the Lilac dance in the final Mazurka. You might as well have the King and Queen dance (I shouldn't say that - Nureyev did just that.) She oversees the proceedings, I don't think she should participate.
How do you feel about the Lilac Fairy? What role should she play? Any memorable Lilac Fairies you've particularly loved?
Posted 26 February 2004 - 12:49 AM
Ariana Lallone frequently dances Lilac (as a tall woman, she often gets "powerful" roles, like Hippolyta in Midsummer) and does very well with it. Nice gravitas, good mime, and great wand waving (I'm not being flippant -- many dancers do an awful job with a wand).
Posted 26 February 2004 - 04:54 AM
Posted 26 February 2004 - 05:09 AM
Posted 26 February 2004 - 05:59 AM
Posted 26 February 2004 - 11:11 AM
Posted 26 February 2004 - 04:06 PM
To me, the overriding aspect of Lilac's purpose in the ballet is that she is, in effect, the narrator. She is the thread that holds the ballet together from Prologue through Wedding. (She does not belong in the Mazurka, though!) When she appears at the Christening as one of six fairies (I like that, too, Hans), she should be The Charismatic One, the one who makes sure -- without effort -- that your eye is fixed on her.
Posted 27 February 2004 - 07:32 AM
Posted 27 February 2004 - 07:37 AM
Posted 27 February 2004 - 09:38 AM
Posted 27 February 2004 - 06:17 PM
Posted 28 February 2004 - 12:01 AM
Posted 19 March 2004 - 08:35 AM
My favorite Lilac Fairy was Marguerite Porter in a Royal Ballet tv broadcast I saw in the early '80's starring Anthony Dowell and Leslie Collier or Merle Park. Did anyone else see this? Was it Collier or Park?
#14 Guest_KitriSpanishDancer_*
Posted 05 June 2004 - 10:49 PM
Posted 06 June 2004 - 02:50 AM
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December 20, 2010
Bikini fun in Blouberg - Flickr pic of the day
This photograph of bikini-clad ladies was taken by our Cape Town. Live it. Love it. group member Marc Fletcher.
Marc Fletcher says, "This photograph was taken at Eden on the Bay in Blouberg, where Cape Town hosted the Guinness World Record attempt for the most bikini-clad women (450) in one location. The photograph shows a selection of the ladies following the attempt, with Table Mountain as the beautiful backdrop."
Do you have images of Cape Town you'd like to share with us? We'd love you to join the Cape Town. Live it. Love it. Flickr group!
Image © Marc Fletcher


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BATTERY BX 2STD LOW 17.5X13X13 - Moeller
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I'm thinking about solving my problem and need some help.
I need to pay users, so I have page, where admin see all users and can pay each of them.
I have websites model, which is belong to user. Depends on some attribute from website model I should pay to user, but user has many websites and it is not clear to me how to organise this.
I can get all user's websites by calling
EDIT: I can't get how I can generate for each website separate link, because I din't need to sum all payments - I need SEPARATE link for each website
Here is my pay function(left only related code):
def pay
user = User.find(params[:user_id])
@params_id = params[:user_id]
@websites = user.websites
data = {"actionType" => "PAY",
"receiverList.receiver(0).email"=> user.email,
"receiverList.receiver(0).amount" => website.amount,
or I should add website each do in my view. something like:
<% @users.each do |user| %>
<%@websites.each do |website|%>
<%= user.email %>
<%= link_to "Pay", pay_path(user.id, website.amount)%>
<% end %>
What you can reccomend me and I will appreciate any help !


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Spy Photos of the New Mercedes A-ClassClarissa June 27, 2011
The Mercedes-Benz A-Class Hatchback is seen as a BMW 1 series and Audi 3 competitor. The compact family car maintains the narrow glasshouse and front screen and A-pillar, although the roof line is almost like a coupe and it totally removed the box-style from the previous Mercedes A-Class models.
Under the hood, the new A-Class features the 4-cylinder petrol and diesel engines presently found in C-Class models. The core will have a 2.0L petrol unit which is anticipated to perform at 204bhp. While diesel engine's core will have 2.2L with power to reach up to 180bhp.
Check out the photos below from Autocar.uk.


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Is 5FU Safe for Cardiac Patients?
Last Modified: May 8, 2012
My mother is in her late 60s and has had heart problems in the past. Is it safe for her to get 5-FU for colon cancer treatment?
Liz Prechtel-Dunphy, Oncology Nurse Practitioner at Penn Medicine responds:
There is no contraindication to 5-FU treatment in patients with heart disease. Patient's can experience angina like symptoms when receiving continuous infusion 5FU. If they develop this symptom, it can be treated with nitrate medication or the infusion time may be altered.
This question and answer was part of the OncoLink Brown Bag Chat Series. View the entire transcript from the Focus on GI Cancers webchat.


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Vizio 22" LED-LCD HDTV 1080p TV/Monitor w/ HDMI Cable Read more at http://www.yugster.com/#b2cUE7hJL for $172.97 + free shipping
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2 Comments add a comment
The link show's the price to be $159.97 plus $10 shipping, bringing actual total to $169.97. Still seems like a deal as a quick web search shows that nobody has this model cheaper that I can find. Good and bad reviews, just like about every other TV out there...
Not sure why this is "RIP-ed"..still availble here http://www.yugster.com/deals/48199-vizio-22-led-lcd-hdtv-1080p-tv-monitor-w-hdmi-cable


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Home Academic Information Early Childhood Development Degree Requirements
- Certificate of Proficiency
- Technical Certificate
- Associate of Applied Science
Early Childhood Development
After UACCM
Graduates are employed as:
- Child care facility owners and directors
- Child care center directors
- Head Start teachers
- Infant/toddler teachers
- Preschool teachers
- Assistant teachers
- Paraprofessionals
- Arkansas Better Chance preschool paraprofessionals
Graduates completing the associate degree may also continue on to a Bachelor of Science degree through a partnership with the University of Central Arkansas.
- Graduates completing the associate degree in Early Childhood Development will have the skills to enrich the lives of young children. An associate degree and two certificate options are available in this program.
- Students gain practical laboratory experience working with young children at the on-site, nationally-accredited Earle Love Child Study Center.
- The Early Childhood Development Student Organization awards a scholarship to an outstanding student in the program each semester.
- Students need good written and oral communication skills.
- Students should enjoy working with young children.
- Students required to take remedial courses must follow the UACCM Student Success Plan.
- Students should take classes when first offered as some classes are only offered certain semesters.
- Clean criminal background check
- Clean child maltreatment check
- FBI background check (if an Arkansas resident for less than six years)
- Some courses require recent influenza immunization and TB test.


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This is for a RPG story, so I don't need too much accuracy, but the common stuff would be very useful :)
I've already found this site: http://www.paper-dragon.com/1939/ but would like more suggestions!
This is for a RPG story, so I don't need too much accuracy, but the common stuff would be very useful :)
I've already found this site: http://www.paper-dragon.com/1939/ but would like more suggestions!
The following video should give you an overview of the working class experience of the 1930s in the United States, combined with a basic look at the material culture of the era. youtube: US Dept. Labor
For an depth accounts, I have to immediately recommend social history. ABC-CLIO publishes a ten volume account of the United States in the 20th century, but these volumes are priced at $1000 for the set—refer to your local library. Correspondingly, the United States is viewed as the "model" society for the study of "Fordism," and historical works on Fordism as a theoretical phenomena will discuss the 1930s.
From a concrete perspective: US material culture in the 1930s was dictated by the expansion of consumer industries in the 1920s combined with the recession of the 1930s. In urban life housing stock was dominated by dormitory apartments built during previous housing booms, these were poorly watered and sewered, if sewered at all. If you are familiar with the "ghettos" of the 1970s, this was the standard of urban housing. Suburban life did not exist in the 1930s, there was a stark urban/rural divide. Far more small shop keepers and professionals existed in the 1930s than today. Most commodities would be purchased through small locally owned stores. Workers bought on local credit far more than today, as they did not hold bank accounts or credit cards.
Widespread poverty dictated the life of most Americans in the 1930s, while the "well to do" who had enough to eat and did not live in slums lived in fear of penury. Only a few super rich, then as now, were secure in their lives. Incidentally, apart from a small number of well known movie actors, and the voices of a few radio stars, the super rich made up US celebrity culture, which was far less developed.
Most urban people had tap water within walking distance. Prepared food items were increasingly sold as commodities (bottled soda, etc) replacing the on site manufacture of similar goods in specialist stores. A wide spread consumer culture existed in the sense that advertised and packaged goods existed, with marked consumer preference for items varying in little respect. Tobacco was far more widely used. Clothing was a major purchase, as was furniture, equivalent in many ways to "big ticket consumer items." People wore hats.
The rich owned and wore devices or implements made out of fine metal (watches, paper openers, cuff links). The material culture of the working class was dominated by iron and tin goods, and paper and glass in recycled packaging.
Radios were replacing pianos as the method of domestic entertainment, and had often been purchased previously in a period of boom. Electricity was mainly for lighting.
Technologies which have now disappeared which existed in the 1930s include: postal mail within cities (it was the equivalent of a very formal text message), telegraphy (a long distance SMS), the cinema (acted like television), radio plays, iron stoves, street cars / trams.
Regarding technology in the 1930's:


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10mm Antique Brass-Plated Pewter Flowers End Cap
Start your ideas in the right direction and use this 10mm antique brass-plated pewter flowers end cap. This large, cylinder-shaped jewelry finding is finished in a weathered brass color and features small flower shapes across its pewter surface in raised detail. With one large opening and one small opening, this piece is designed for use with thick fibers or for finishing a bold braided design. Try complementing its brass finish by pairing it with rich red hues.
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It is well-known that $BU^+$ is homotopy equivalent to an infinite loop space where $U$ is the limit of the unitary groups $U(n)$ for $n \rightarrow \infty$ and $+$ denotes Quillen's Plus construction.
On the other hand there is a tool to detect infinite loop spaces by the action from $E\Sigma_p$ ($\Sigma_p$ is the symmetric group).
My question is: how does the map $E\Sigma_p \times_{\Sigma_p} BU^p \rightarrow BU$ looks like. Is it possible to write it down.


text:
I'm trying to figure out how to get users friends information using either Graph API or FQL
Just for testing I would like to get my friends
To do that I created a test app, requested extended permissions using
and got access token to play with the API.
It works great when I query for current user using
/me. But it returns nothing for my friends.
I was assuming that if I request, let's say
friends_work_history, that extra field (
work_history) will appear inside friend's object, when I query by friend's id:
But all I see is basic info about that user (friend).
Then I tried to request that field specifically:
With no luck again. Returns just friend's id..
I tried to access that information with FQL:
work_history = TRUE instead of array. And that friend definitely has work history specified.
Can someone help me to understand how to get friends info using my app and extended permissions?


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Has anyone seen research that demonstrates dedicating different computers to specific tasks (separated by physical distance) increases productivity?
Not research, but I've seen people comment anecdotally that using the iPad/tablet for fun stuff and the laptop for work trains them that time wasting shouldn't occur on the laptop.
I've experienced the same thing using spaces/desktops on the Mac. If a time waster app isn't in my current space/desktop, I don't use it when on an important task. The browser is a fine line and requires discipline though so not as good as a separate device. Works for games though - those are only on the iPad.
I couldn't imagine why having two or more devices for different work types would help. I've noticed that if I'm in the mood to slack off I'll find a way of doing it regardless.
If you're having problems concentrating on a task for very long before your mind starts wandering then you should perhaps try something like the Pomodoro technique. You basically just tell yourself you'll do something for 25 mins then take a 5 minute break. More info here http://www.pomodorotechnique.com/
For what it's worth I've not used the Pomodoro technique, I've used a subset of GTD so I've constantly got a list of things to be working on. I've noticed that if I check that list I'm often able to continue to get things done, whilst I've got the energy (today for example I don't have much energy, which is why I'm checking out this site).


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If I'm going to be climbing a mountain, would drinking a small amount at altitude have any negative effects (besides general alcohol effects)?
The effects of alcohol are exacerbated at altitude, each ounce of alcoholic beverage will have a greater perceived effect on the consumer. This is in part due to the lower oxygen level in the blood of anyone at altitude, usually this is most notable at or above 8,000ft.
There are some ways to mitigate the effects of alcohol, and speed recovery.
Alcohol will cause several detrimental effects pertaining to climbing as well.
This doesn't mean you shouldn't drink any alcohol on a climbing trip, but you must be aware of it's effects and how to deal with them. All-in-all, use moderation and good judgement.
Happy climbing!
Further reading
Although the quantity consumed and the altitude where consumption occurs may change this answer, as long as it is in moderation; I'm not aware of any specific problems.
I have known people who bring along a hip flask full whiskey. I could not participate as I was underage at the time, but I was told that it helped him get to sleep, and made sore bones/muscles hurt a little less at night.
Without knowing just how high you are going and how much alcohol you want to consume, it's difficult to say, however, to be safe I'd avoid any alcohol at altitude...
Beyond alcohol's well know effect of causing mental and physical impairment (even with small quantities of alcohol), the vasodilative (widening of veins and arteries) and diuretic (increasing urine excretion) effects of alcohol would only exacerbate symptoms of altitude sickness such as dehydration and oedema. Vasodilation will also cause you to loose body heat more quickly (despite alcohol's feeling of giving you warmth - in fact that's why it gives you that feeling).


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Designer babies
Thanks to Michael Sean Winters for drawing attention to Melinda Hennebergers essay in The Washington Post on the search for the perfect baby. Talk about your cultural gulf!
About the Author
Rev. Joseph A. Komonchak, professor emeritus of the School of Theology and Religious Studies at the Catholic University of America, is a retired priest of the Archdiocese of New York.
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I can't imagine why anyone, male or female, would sell eggs/sperm. That package of genes, with the same deeeep history as her/his real parents, will be locked in a human cage with another package of genes whom s/he did not choose and maybe would not choose if there were not another wo/man on the planet.Horrible.
To appreciate children as gifts, he writes, is to accept them as they come, not as objects of our design, or products of our will, or instruments of our ambition.Our culture is so all over the board on kids. On one hand we're telling them they're unique, special, free to be who they want to be. On the other hand, we're genetically engineering them to be who we want them to be. WARNING: PERSONAL ANECDOTE FOLLOWS. I was surprised by pregnancy and often felt I had a very low mothering quotient. But in some ways, those things worked for my kid. I had no expectations, no predetermined plans or dreams other than to ensure that he knew about the family tendency to alcohol, depression, and compulsive gambling and to stay the hell away from them. Yesterday, we spent the afternoon shopping in thrift stores, talking about his future, picking up summer job applications, discussing klezmer music, and exploring the origins of human consciousness. I could not possibly have engineered such an afternoon ... and I wonder if I would have been as open to its unexpected blessings had I pre-selected my kid's traits and expected a specific "payout."
Jean makes a very good point about expectations and "payout." After coughing up $20K or more for top-of-the-line eggs, what happens if the expected super-child is, well, just average on the scale of expectations most important to the parents? Sue the donor for inflating her ACT/SAT scores? Blame the sperm contributor (Dad or someone even more perfect?) for bringing second-rate chromosomal material to what was expected to be the premier fertilization event of the year? And what about that failure of a child who didn't master the violin in nursery school and who wasn't trilingual by kindergarten? Parents willing to pay a lot of money for what they as consumers expect to be genetically-engineeered perfect children will almost invariably be in for letdowns, and it is the child who may face the brunt of their buyers' remorse.
Consider what we have done with other species. Humans have been selectively breeding animals and plants for a very long time to enhance traits that we like: prettier, brighter flowers; juicier fruit; more milk or beef from cattle; faster horses. The list is long.But when we get the traits that we want, we have often reduced overall fitness in the altered species, so that our bred varieties can only thrive under our continued care. They can no longer compete successfully in the wild against the unaltered ones. We should think carefully about that.
And our tomatoes look better but have no flavor and our roses are prettier but have no scent.
It's funny how, at the same time as differences in sexual orientations are increasingly tolerated, other differences have become unacceptable. A friend whose echography during pregnancy revealed a possible defect refused to have further tests - she knew she was going to keep the fetus anyway. She had to endure sermons from very unhappy doctors and nurses: bringing to term a child with a severe genetic problem was not a service to the child, who would suffer, and would be hard on the parents, but also on the siblings ("Think of the siblings! What your foolish decision will put them through!"), and expensive for society; it was irresponsible on her part. At birth, the child turned out to be normal after all; the echography was a false alarm.
The lists of attributes drawn up by the would-be parents call to mind the descriptions and requirements for potential mates on dating web sites. Yet such web sites are considered by the Catholic church to be kosher, I believe, as long as the usual rules on sex are observed.Personally, I find both kinds of lists disturbing, in a similar way.
Claire, it would be interesting to see a study done on how women/parents are treated when they are told they have a baby with a birth defect. The doctors found "something" when they did my mega-ultrasound and amnio, and a) the medical staff were extremely cautious in jumping to a conclusion about the status of the baby and b) were very careful not to push either way. Every effort was made to reassure us that if there was a problem and we wished to go through with the birth, they would put us in a support group ASAP. I sense that those with handicaps have made strides in acceptance in the last 60 years, but not with all individuals. Neither have homosexuals.
Thanks, Fr. Komonchak, for posting this. This issue can and ought to force a public debate about the place of individual choice in a democratic society. The arguments will be hard and complicated, but I do think that it's very important ofr those of us who are repelled by this kind of engineering to work hard to develop the underlying grounds for opposing it. Repugnance alone won't do. Traditional Catholic natural law thought might be of some help, but if it is to be so, it needs to be translated into a context that is not antecedently prepared to consider it. I doubt that I myself can contribute much to the effort needed here, but I do look forward to seeing others, who are better prepared, take up this issue. Intellectually, when compared with issues like abortion, is so much more intricate, especially given the present cultural climate that says " If I want x AND YOU CAN'T SHOW that my getting x harms you, then you have no business interfering with my effort to obtain x." The task will be to refute this prevailing assumption.
Let he or she who is without fertility problems cast the first stone. The vast majority of egg donation agencies and programs adhere to ASRM guidelines which limit donor compensation to $10,000. This sum isn't for the donor's eggs; it is for her time and effort, and she receives it at retrieval no matter what the outcome. Most parents looking for a donor with a list of specific traits share those traits themselves; most end up selecting a donor who share some but not all of their list of desired characteristics. If you get access to a donor agency site you'll see women of all colors, ethnic backgrounds, interests, professions, education levels, and body types; generally all that's required is that a donor be within a certain age range, healthy, a nonsmoker, and have a fairly normal BMI (because BMI affects fertility). Would-be parents don't choose egg donation because they are looking to create a super-baby -- trust me, a woman does not go this route unless she has already been through hell trying to achieve a pregnancy with her own eggs. The Ivy League ads are crass but I guarantee you that the mother in question would have given 10x times that amount to be able to have her own genetic child. Make what judgments you will, but don't take the worst of the advertisements as a reason to condemn egg donation altogether, and make sure you know what it's really about before attacking a straw man.
Amanda, I can't speak for the others, but what I am "condemning" (or rather, disliking) here is not egg donation but the act of making a laundry list of requirements. I don't know enough about egg donation to make a judgment on that.
Amanda, I do not have personal experience about this matter. It is easy, though, for me to believe that infertility problems are severe. It doesn't follow, though, that egg/sperm donation programs are warranted. To get into the business of determining acceptable or unacceptable traits needs more of a justification than the fact that it is terribly painful not to be able to conceive.
Gerelyn --Adoptive parents ARE real parents.
Adoption, imho, would be the preferred solution for men and women unable to have children of their own. Buying eggs and sperm is horrible. Trying to whitewash it with euphemisms like "donation" is . . . dishonest. (Strange how those who oppose abortion approve of the sale of of sperm and eggs.)
If I want x AND YOU CANT SHOW that my getting x harms you, then you have no business interfering with my effort to obtain x. The task will be to refute this prevailing assumption.Bernard D.,It may be easier to deal with particular cases than to refute that assumption entirely, because not only has it become deeply rooted, at least in Western culture, but it is also a pretty good assumption, or perhaps principle. People who desire to restrict or overturn other people's freedom should be put to the trouble of showing what the harm is that they are warding off. "Because we say so" isn't as persuasive as it used to be.
"To get into the business of determining acceptable or unacceptable traits needs more of a justification than the fact that it is terribly painful not to be able to conceive." Why don't we tell all young married people that it would be better for them to adopt than to try to conceive naturally, because if they don't adopt (and adopt without specifying any traits, I'll add) they are clearly selecting acceptable or unacceptable characteristics and are therefore immoral and consumerist in their approach to childbearing? We don't fault fertile people for wanting children like themselves -- but apparently it's okay to judge those who aren't quite as fortunate as selfish and mercenary.I am on the road to egg donation because my eggs have something wrong with them that the doctors can't fix or explain. My husband has no issues, however. We've chosen this route because I want to give my husband the chance to have a genetic child, and I want to bear his child because I'm crazy about him and would love to have children who are like him. The donor will resemble me in some (but certainly not all) respects -- we care about "traits" because, although the child will be told the story of her origins, we don't think it needs to be obvious to the world that she is not genetically 100% ours. (With judgmental comments like those here, can you really blame us?) We found her through an agency that pays all donors the same no matter what they look like and what "traits" they have, and the donor herself is a med student who knows full well the implications of what she's doing. There are good reasons to oppose egg donation in some circumstances. IVF is often done in a way that isn't as respectful of life as it ought to be. (We're doing our best to mitigate the issues with IVF -- if our donor produces a lot of eggs we will limit the number that are fertilized, and any embryos that aren't transferred to me will be adopted out to other couples. Yes, I am fully aware of the church's current position on IVF.) But faulting parents for wanting children who are somewhat like them? Really? Thank the good Lord that you've never walked in my shoes, because maybe you wouldn't be quite so categorical if you were faced with my choices. And if you haven't yet adopted a Congolese orphan either, consider whether maybe you're not at least as selfish as I am. P.S. For what it's worth, there is a not terrible chance we'll end up adopting some Congolese orphans, too. Unfortunately adoption, foreign or domestic, is harder than most people think these days.
Amanda,Good luck, and God bless you all.
This isn't something that will be discussed intelligently prior to coming to rationale and humane solutions. Societies of human beings don't operate that way. Never have and never will. We'll stumble and shout our way into provisional solutions that will come to seem perfectly natural though imperfect enough to require more stumbling and shouting. It seems reasonable to predict that we're heading ever deeper into the world of eugenic medicine that we've become familiar with and that almost all of us find perfectly congenial. In secular societies, physical perfection is always the highest goal.
If I want x AND YOU CANT SHOW that my getting x harms you, then you have no business interfering with my effort to obtain x. The task will be to refute this prevailing assumption.
Anything can be refuted - that's not the problem. The fatal problem is that in modern secular democracies you need to convince the masses that there's anything better than pleasure. A nonstandard child is no fun. In modern secular non-democracies, you've only got to convince the maximum leaders. Pray for an end to democracies and for the conversion of all autocrats.
David, do your nurses know that you've gotten online?
" . . . any embryos that arent transferred to me will be adopted out to other couples."--- So your husband (if the tale you're telling is true) is willing to have several children out there somewhere, with his "traits", being raised by strangers, just so he and you get to be parents of the pick of the litter?I pity all the victims of this horrible scheme.
Gerelyn: Why do you think I'd be taking the time to come on here and tell an untrue tale about my experiences with this? Anyway, no need for pity. Not for the donor, who has lovely children of her own and has donated on several prior occasions; not for my husband, who gets to have a genetic child, which, again, we don't fault most people for wanting; not me, who will be the loving and blessed bio mother of the child. I've heard the word eugenics thrown around here a bit, which puzzles me; I (and the other women I know who have done and are doing this) are generally hoping for a donor who is like them, not some genetic ideal who is unlike them. You hear about lists of traits because egg donation is usually an anonymous process, so that's really all the potential parent knows. If a medium height Italian brunette who is college educated and good at music finds a donor with the same qualities, I'm really not sure that has much to do with eugenics. And I'm not sure making the selection entirely random would be a moral improvement. (By the way, I'm told that the trait-seeking newspaper ads posted by parents are notoriously ineffective and not how donors and parents are connected in 99% of cases.)My husband and I are hoping to use all the embryos we create, and new technology will facilitate this -- you can now freeze eggs quite reliably pre-fertilization so fewer embryos can be created at a time. But if we cannot, embryo donation is the best alternative. There are huge waiting lists of infertile couples who want to adopt donor embryos. Anyway, I've posted here because I'm a Commonweal subscriber and supporter and I think a lot of people have a poor understanding of egg donation and lots of other things related to assisted reproductive technologies. I'm under no illusion that I'm going to change people's minds, but particularly if you are in a pastoral role, you should probably make the attempt to know what these things are really about, even if the Church currently disapproves of (some of) them. Because, whether or not you realize it, you are baptizing our children, and we are sitting them in your pews, and letting you give them instruction, at least until you say something so ham-handedly stupid and false to them about their origins that we can't possibly remain, even though we've remained through everything else. (You baptize them -- unless you're one of those priests who now asks people with twins if the children were conceived with IVF and refuses them baptism on that basis -- yes, I've heard from people this has happened to. I'm hoping our new Papa would have as harsh words for those priests as he did for those in Argentina who refused to baptize the children of single mothers.)
I KNEW it wouldn't work. Trying again:Hi, Amanda: I'll put your words in italics and mine will be plain. Gerelyn: Why do you think Id be taking the time to come on here and tell an untrue tale about my experiences with this?Because many many many people go on message boards to spin yarns. Get sympathy. Relieve loneliness. Guys in their parents' basements hunched over computers telling lies. Etc., etc., etc. Anyway, no need for pity. Not for the donor, who has lovely children of her own and has donated on several prior occasions; not for my husband, who gets to have a genetic child, which, again, we dont fault most people for wanting; not me, who will be the loving and blessed bio mother of the child.My pity is for the children. You mention the "donor" (a paid vendor for an agency), your husband, and yourself. But you don't mention the children. My pity is for the children. That's the horrible part of it. The children are commodities. Ive heard the word eugenics thrown around here a bit, which puzzles me; I (and the other women I know who have done and are doing this) are generally hoping for a donor who is like them, not some genetic ideal who is unlike them. Wanting a "med student" as a "donor" (a paid vendor for an agency) is one more indication that it's about the "parents," not the children. You hear about lists of traits because egg donation is usually an anonymous process, so thats really all the potential parent knows. If a medium height Italian brunette who is college educated and good at music finds a donor with the same qualities, Im really not sure that has much to do with eugenics. And Im not sure making the selection entirely random would be a moral improvement. (By the way, Im told that the trait-seeking newspaper ads posted by parents are notoriously ineffective and not how donors and parents are connected in 99% of cases.)I'm not the person to convince about "eugenics." I'm not sure what that has to do with anything. I think there are other things that are more immediate and more convincing. You (and others who support this horrible practice) seem to think "traits" are little more than hair color and music. But read some studies of twins separated at birth to see how much deeper and older "traits" are. Read some studies of non-related adoptees raised as siblings to see how different they are from one another and from their adoptive parents. Etc. (I know you won't.)My husband and I are hoping to use all the embryos we create, and new technology will facilitate this you can now freeze eggs quite reliably pre-fertilization so fewer embryos can be created at a time. But if we cannot, embryo donation is the best alternative. There are huge waiting lists of infertile couples who want to adopt donor embryos.There are huge waiting lists of children without parents, hoping, praying, to be adopted. (I hope and pray they will be adopted by people whose concern is with children, not with themselves.)Anyway, Ive posted here because Im a Commonweal subscriber and supporter and I think a lot of people have a poor understanding of egg donation and lots of other things related to assisted reproductive technologies. It doesn't say "Subscriber" by your name. And I think a lot of people have a very GOOD understanding of egg "donation" (sales). Google "sperm bank fraud" or "egg bank fraud" to see how widely understood the horrible practices are. (And how many "donors" are "med students.")Im under no illusion that Im going to change peoples minds, . . . You never know. Maybe some people who had never given much thought to the sale of human ova will now read your long defensive posts and realize the victims of this horrible practice deserve pity.
Gerelyn --You say you pity the children of adoptive parents. How many of them have you spoken to about their gratitude to their adoptive parents for having raised them and given them a decent life? To pity my adopted godchild and others like him is ridiculous. You don't know what you're talking about.
Gerelyn: quit trolling.
Gerelyn: I'm logging off soon for a few hours, but briefly --You think my children will be commodities? Please. They will be among the the most wanted, loved, longed for children in the history of the world, and this will be true no matter how they turn out to be, whether they have special needs, whether or not they end up resembling me. They will be treated exactly the same way as we would have treated children conceived the old-fashioned way. They certainly won't need your pity. Egg donation has been happening now for 30 years. The kids turn out just fine, which is why you might be surprised to hear that there are hundreds of thousands of them running around. They don't stand out as different or worse off. Psychologically they tend to do better than adoptees. (Which is not why we chose this route; I think adoption is wonderful and, as I said above, may be how we eventually complete our family.)Of course personalities are far more than traits. Lots of people are surprised by the personalities of their own naturally conceived children; we are prepared and delighted to be surprised the personalities of our own children conceived with our donor's help. In general, there are not huge waiting lists of children waiting to be adopted. There are huge waiting lists of U.S. parents who wish to adopt, both domestically and internationally (in countries willing to adopt to foreign parents, which are few). There are some waiting children in the U.S. who are older or who have severe handicaps. (There are even waiting lists for U.S. children with Downs, on the other hand.) I would definitely consider adopting an older or severely handicapped child someday, but circumstances aren't right for us to do so right now. I'm not sure what your circumstances are, but maybe you (or your own adult children) could consider answering this special call, Gerelyn? Even fertiles can adopt, you know. I'm not sure the Venn diagram for the infertile and those called to adopt difficult to place children overlaps completely, or even substantially -- I think more experienced parents are probably better equipped to handle special emotional and physical needs. There's no subscriber tag next to my name because my subscriber user name includes my last name and I prefer to remain anonymous, so I created a second ID. But believe me, I just ponied up for another two years!
May I offer a distinction. A person, here Amanda, is obviously well intentioned about engaging in the practice she describes. That is important. She should not be condemned as a bad person. But it does not follow that the practice itself is a good practice. Let me give one of the reasons that make me skeptical of the practice (but not of Amanda's intentions or motives). Given all the problems we have in giving even the most basic medical care to so many people in our society, to devote a non-trivial part of these resources to providing the kind of medical attention that Amanda's practice requires strikes me as unwarranted and quite possibly unjust. I would say the same thing about some other technically feasible medical procedures.Some of the societal consequences that Gerelyn seems to be pointing to also deserve more consideration than they have been given. For example, what legal regulations ought to be applied to this practice? How would they be enforced? For my part, I'm not sanguine about any pure free-market approach to this matter.
Now that my children are adults, I am discovering the pleasure of interacting with relatives' and other people's children. There is the enjoyment of engaging with young minds, open and not set in their ways, but without the unbounded commitment to give them as much as your strength allows and more.Why do people so desperately want children of their own? I could not think of a good reason to explain my longing two decades ago (although it was very clear that I very much wanted children), and I do not know now either. What drives people to go to extremes to have children?
You think my children will be commodities? Please. They will be among the the most wanted, loved, longed for children in the history of the world, . . . I think the history of the world is what you need to investigate. The new trend is "deep history." Very interesting. And humbling. They certainly wont need your pity. Egg donation has been happening now for 30 years. The kids turn out just fine, which is why you might be surprised to hear that there are hundreds of thousands of them running around. They dont stand out as different or worse off. Psychologically they tend to do better than adoptees. Reading adoption message boards is interesting. Those who prefer platitudes about gratitude to harsh reality might be annoyed to read the pleas from people in their eighties who know it's way too late to meet the mothers who were forced to give them away, but who are still starving for some morsels of information. At least they are able, occasionally, to find pictures of the maternity homes where they were separated from their mothers, but the children of egg "donors" will never find the faintest trace. (I wonder if they study the lists of doctors in the towns where they were born, wondering which might have been the "med students" from whose ovaries they came.)
Melissa Henneberger has already raised some questions about genetic selection of egg and sperm donors (health risks for egg donors, for example). Maybe one way to begin a discussion about genetic selection of egg and sperm donors is to play Devil's Advocate: 1. How is accepting an egg/sperm donation any different from receiving a transplant for non-life-threatening purposes (say a skin graft to improve a disfigurement or a corneal transplant to improve eyesight)? A transplant donor has to be medically/genetically compatible with the recipient, so how is ensuring that an egg or sperm donor is similar to the recipient different?2. What evidence suggests that parents could have more expectations of or could be more disappointed with trait-selected children than those born in the usual way? 3. Why couldn't children born through sperm or egg donation be given non-identifying (or even identifying) information about their biological parent, putting this information on par with so-called open adoption?4. Most parents who opt for fertility treatment have to pay that cost out-of-pocket; it's not usually part of a health insurance policy. Is that an injustice to less well-heeled individuals who would make equally good parents?
1) A child results from the "donated" (sold) egg's being combined with the sperm of the man who buys the egg. Skin grafts do not produce new human beings. 3) Who's in charge of the "information?" Someone like the sperm bank doctor who discarded the sperm "donated" (sold) to him by "med students" and used his own sperm instead? (Dozens of offspring of the man live in the same little town in the South.) (Just one of many examples.) (Given the biological imperative to thrust offspring into the next generation, why would anyone given the chance to do so pass it up?)As to being "on par" with the "information" given adopted children, I suggest reading some of the many books written by adoptees to see how often they never receive it. Their adoptive parents lose it, conceal it, destroy it, etc., etc., etc. This includes, of course, the information about the sacrament of baptism. (A priest who was adopted wrote eloquently about that in NCR several years ago.)Many/most (?) adoptees are never told the names their real mothers gave them, which means their patron saints' names are concealed from them. They don't know the names of their real godmothers. Baptismal certificates, like birth certificates are altered, falsified. Adopted people sometimes learn bits and pieces of the truth when their adoptive parents die. Maybe an older sister was the real mother. Maybe the true nationality was hidden because it was not a popular one at the time. Etc., etc., etc.(Good thing companies like Family Tree DNA exist to help people find their deep history and, in some cases, living relatives).
Re: Gerelyn's comment above, and Jean's #3, many donors (including mine) indicate they are willing to be contacted by the child when the child is an adult. In the meantime, something called the DSR (donor sibling registry) allows donors and parents or offspring or genetic half-siblings to speak over an anonymous message platform about, e.g., any health issues that arise with a potential genetic component. It's not quite like open adoption, in that the donor doesn't ask for or get regular updates on or contact with the child throughout childhood, but there is certainly potential for the child to meet the donor when the child is older. I would be perfectly happy if my future children wanted to meet the donor at some point, and/or meet any genetic half-siblings that similarly want to meet. Just remember, a child conceived with a donor egg and sperm from her intended father is in many ways differently situated than an adopted child. The child will always have known and lived with her genetic father, as well as with her biological mother -- the mother who carried her. She was never "given up"; she would never have existed but for the efforts of the parents that raised her.Also ... re: Bernard's comment on health resources, and Jean's #4, donor egg IVF is not always covered, and almost never completely covered, by insurance. (Many insurance plans don't even cover regular IVF -- it depends a great deal on state mandates and how cushy the plan.) Many, many more couples would like to use donor eggs but can't afford the process, especially because people usually turn to donor egg IVF at the end of a long saga involving significant outlays of money as they try regular IVF several times. My husband and I were extremely lucky in that the three IVF cycles (and a number of intrauterine insemination cycles, and before that, oral fertility medication cycles) we tried before getting to this point were mostly covered by insurance. Now we're entirely out of pocket. I know a number of women who are "child free not by choice," in internet parlance, because they've simply run out of money. I'm not sure there's a great public policy answer to this.
Gerelyn: Are you anti-adoption? Because that's a pretty tough position for a pro-life Catholic to take.
Amanda: I would have preferred to discuss this on an impersonal level, but you made it about you (under a pseud).(I'm not interested in answering questions or confirming assumptions.)
It's always a little tougher to make an "impersonal" argument when one is confronted by a real person affected by the issue, isn't it?I certainly didn't mean to make this all about me. I considered making my comments abstract, but I wanted those reading to know exactly what my interests and biases were. In any event, people should feel perfectly free to say what they really think about this subject without worrying too much about wounding me. I'm no shrinking violet and, more importantly, I understand there are some moral ambiguities here.
The child will always have known and lived with her genetic father, as well as with her biological mother the mother who carried her. Another example of the Newspeak designed to fit the needs of those who purchase designer babies. Those who sell eggs and sperm are called "donors," and those who carry the pregnancies are called "biological mothers," even though they will not pass their mitochondrial DNA to the children conceived in this manner.Its always a little tougher to make an impersonal argument when one is confronted by a real person affected by the issue, isnt it?I'm not at all convinced that you're a "real person affected by the issue." But if you are, I hope you will consider showing the posts you've written in this thread to someone -- maybe a forensic linguist -- who can point out to you what you're really saying.
Gerelyn, stop. This is not respectful of Amanda, who is presenting her perspective honestly. Amanda, sorry.
Claire --About why people want children of their own == I think that people don't necessarily want children *of their own* -- they simply want children. I read recently that the neo-Darwinists are trying to explain this same fact. One answer is that because children are such a drag on their parents (yes, they -- we -- are definitely drags on parents), nature has seen to it that the little ones are so humongously *cute* that the normal person cannot resist them. In other words, the adorableness of the little ones is a survival mechanism. And it certainly does work for most of us :-)(How to explain this attraction of their adorableness is another question.)
About why people want children of their own == I think that people dont necessarily want children *of their own* they simply want children.
That's radical, Ann. Do you really, on reflection, think it doesn't matter?
Ann, I think that one reason to have children is love. When you have a child, you don't really know what you're getting into. But once the child is there, there is no going back: you are committed. They are vulnerable, they need you for everything, and you have to respond to their needs. You find yourself forced to sacrifice much more than you previously would have guessed possible (in sleepless nights for example), and it seems to me that sacrifice begets love. What you love in the child is not the cuteness so much as the hours, days, years given to that child. They teach you to love. It's love in action, built gradually.I suppose, though, that it is similar when people dedicate themselves to the care of an ailing elderly relative. Why are we a priori attracted to one possibility and not the other? Why is it that when you see a parent with a toddler trustingly sleeping on their lap, you might feel a pang of envy, but not when you see someone helping their slow elderly relative find their way to a church pew? Is it really as stupid as the cuteness factor?
Gerelyn, I told you to stop trolling. You are done commenting on this post, and if you can't help being gratuitously insulting you can stop commenting altogether.
"In The Case against Perfection: Ethics in the Age of Genetic Engineering, the moral philosopher Michael J. Sandel wrote that champions of the new eugenics see it as not only ethically superior to the bad old days of forced sterilizations this time, its optional but perhaps even morally required....Wouldnt we be negligent, one of them reasoned, not to lay the best possible foundation for the health, intelligence, and blue-eyed enjoyment of our children? Sandel says no: To appreciate children as gifts, he writes, is to accept them as they come, not as objects of our design, or products of our will, or instruments of our ambition.It certainly seems clear that children resulting from gamete 'donation' are most certainly the products of our will, regardless of the circumstances
For those couples who stopped using contraception precisely so as to get pregnant, the resulting children are also most certainly the products of our will.
Bruce: I think there is a distinction between egg or sperm donation and some of the other examples Sandel cites in his article. Although I'm sure exceptions could be found (and condemned), people do not turn to these reproductive methods because with the intention of creating a child genetically superior to what they could create naturally. Can you really imagine even the richest and most powerful man in the world deciding to forego his own healthy sperm to inseminate his wife the seed of a taller, handsomer, more athletic, more intelligent man? No. It would be easy for the world's richest and most powerful man to make this happen, but it doesn't. (Of course, a billionaire might try to attract an Ivy League supermodel as his wife but that's another story.) And why not? People almost uniformly want to bear their own children if they can. If they can't, they generally look for a donor that resembles them in whatever ways they care most about. They transfer the resulting embryos without regard to whether a given embryo will produce a child that looks more like the infertile spouse or more like the donor's Uncle Jack with the funny tics. Recipients are counseled (and at least with egg donation, there is psychological screening for both recipients and donors) that they have to expect nature to roll the dice a bit. This is the intention, not the creation of a super-child. And intention ought to, and generally does, matter a great deal in ethics. (For what it's worth, I've been active for a while on internet bulletin boards where donor egg or sperm recipients post, and creating a child better than oneself is never a sentiment I've seen expressed. Not even close. People are just so happy when they find a donor they feel remotely comfortable with. A donor's traits are not generally a subject of discussion among this crowd.)You can imagine a different scenario, that in which the world's richest and most powerful man has the option of selecting from his *own* sperm (or embryos) those that would create the tallest, or smartest, or blondest, or most dimpled children. The genes for all of these things are complex rather than binary, and the technology isn't here yet. But can we imagine the world's richest and most powerful man availing himself of this method of selection if it were available? Absolutely -- it would almost be surprising if he didn't, if he didn't have a belief system that placed him out of the mainstream. And would them be done with anything but the intention of creating a genetically superior child? No. I personally think such gene-level manipulations are categorically different, and one can condemn them without condemning sperm or egg donation. Of course, there's the more difficult (in my view) case of whether it would be ethical for said billionaire to select from his own sperm only those that do not carry a truly dread disease like Taye-Sachs. This is already possible at the embryonic level, and people do select for it today. But if it were possible at the gamete level (which I'm not sure it is), would we be for it? I guess that can be the subject of another thread someday.
Amanda, presumably no one would permit an artificial conception to proceed if it were known that either egg or sperm were likely to cause the production of an unhealthy child. In this sense, artificial conception can, I think, be called eugenic - you may not be selecting for superiority, but you are selecting against inferiority.I've not read Sandel - http://www.amazon.com/The-Case-against-Perfection-Engineering/dp/0674036... - but I imagine he spends a lot of time dealing with the thorny problem of where you draw the line between going far enough to try to ensure that children are born healthy and going to a place that today most people would probably consider too far, where no child is allowed to be born unhealthy. As the definition of "healthy" continues to evolve, this dilemma will continue to grow larger. Or, perhaps, it will just be brushed aside in the name of medical progress.
David, your first sentence is to some extent true (though I'm not sure many couples would have their own natural child either if they knew that their union was "likely to cause the production of an unhealthy child"). Donors fill out a questionnaire about their family medical history and are tested to see if they are carriers of a few major genetic illnesses (like cystic fibrosis, and, depending on ethnicity, things like Tay-Sachs). Plenty of people who are trying to get pregnant naturally get screened for those things as well, particularly if they have a family history or belong to an ethnic group prone to serious genetic diseases. (What they do with the information of course varies.)But just as with a spouse, with a donor you go forward knowing that, say, Grandpa had a heart attack at 45, or Grandma died of pre-menopausal breast cancer, hoping for the best. Virtually no one has a clean family history. There is definitely some screening out by agencies and clinics for things like a first-degree history of major mental illness, though. So the process is not entirely devoid of engineering, if you want to call it that. But I don't think most gamete donation is done with the purpose of engineering, and it's still open to a great deal of natural surprise. (Caveat: it is sometimes done by non-infertile couples to avoid a genetic disease like T-S. But it's generally cheaper and easier these days to do pre-implantation genetic testing of one's own embryos, or sadly to test a fetus and abort, so I think the people who use gamete donation for this purpose tend to be those trying to avoid (more) morally fraught methods.)
Claire,Stopping contraception still leaves one at the vagaries of nature. And Amanda - '...they generally look for...' is a way I would describe shopping and it is certainly willful. Yes, intentions matter but good intentions cannot make an immoral act moral.Btw, artificial insemination, selecting desirable characteristics, etc are exactly how we breed animals
Claire,On further reflection, I would describe starting contraception as willful and stopping as subjugating your will to nature.
Bruce: ok.I know a number of women (and men) who, when they are dating, think along the following lines as they consider the possibility of getting serious: "Would I like my hypothetical future children to inherit this man's (woman's) genes?"I thought it a little bit weird, until a relative of mine dated someone with a serious health problem, and then I found myself hoping that they would not get serious, precisely for that reason...


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I am in the process of buying dual-Xeon (each 4 core) server grade machine for our Android build server requirement, for my team at my work place. Could you please confirm that the Ubuntu server version that is used for Android build environment supports at least 8 processors in SMP mode. I did some reading and saw that it supports up to 8 cores without any recompilation; please confirm this.
I just want to make sure that we use the full potential of the Xeon processor while running ubuntu on it and build our applications and the SW stacks faster. Please help.


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Andree Howard
Posted 14 November 2007 - 08:25 AM
Returning to London and Rambert, she learned her choreographic craft on the tiny stage of the Mercury Theatre: people who remember those days speak with particular affection of two ballets she made for the beautiful Pearl Argyle: The Mermaid and Cinderella. Although she did go on to make some plotless pieces - Assembly Ball, to Bizet's Symphony in C, and Veneziana, made for Violetta Elvin at Covent Garden - she was mostly drawn to narrative, with a strong emphasis on characterisation. By all accounts she was a gentle and sensitive person, and her work reflected that.
Almost nothing remains of the 30 or so ballets she made. La Fete Etrange (made for the London Ballet in is much the best known and most widely seen, largely thanks to over 200 performances by the touring Royal Ballet company. (It was also in the repertory of the Scottish Ballet for a time.) It's based on an episode in Alain Fournier's novel Le Grand Meaulnes, but it's almost all atmosphere rather than action, a very delicately drawn encounter between an adolescent boy and a slightly older girl, inconclusive on her side but shattering her relationship with the man she's engaged to. It has a subtle and beautiful decor by Sophie Fedorovitch, and a shifting, haunting score by Gabriel Faure: you come out of it not quite sure exactly what happened but knowing that whatever it was, it changed its characters' lives for ever. Unfortunately this lovely piece dropped out of the repertoire of the 'other' Royal Ballet a long time ago, and it was last seen in a very unsatisfactory revival by the London company in 2005. Badly lit and misguidedly cast, it can't have convinced anybody coming new to it. Monica Mason has said that she is determined to get it right before she retires, and I hope she holds herself to that promise: otherwise the last memory of a Howard ballet will be a very unhappy one.
Of the rest of her output, the two most fascinating to me are both adaptations of stories by David Garnett: Lady into Fox (1939) and The Sailor's Return (1947). Lady into Fox tells of a young married woman whose happiness is destroyed by the pain of seeing a hunted fox; she changes, literally, into a wild vixen who has to seek her freedom. The ballet was originally planned by Antony Tudor; Howard took it over when he abandoned it, intending to dance the leading role herself, but she eventually decided she was too tired to do it properly and gave the part to the 17-year-old and unknown Sally Gilmour, whose astonishingly convincing performance launched her into stardom. David Garnett himself said that she revealed to him just what his heroine really was. Howard did eventually dance the role herself, when the ballet was given by ABT in 1940.
The Sailor's Return was Britain's first multi-act ballet, and had a theme that would still - sadly - resonate today. The sailor hero (played by Walter Gore) marries an African princess and brings her home to England, where race-hatred gradually destroys her. It gave Sally Gilmour another fine role, as well as providing a number of clever cameos, one of them for the young John Gilpin as the Rabbit Catcher. Howard designed the sets and costumes herself, as she often did for her own works.
All three of these works seem to me extraordinarily individual: they don't remind me of anyone else or fall into any obvious classification. Losing them, we lose a unique voice from our history.
Posted 14 November 2007 - 09:04 AM
The most vivid descriptions I've read of Lady into Fox were in Rambert's memoir Quicksilver, which also had a good picture of Gilmour.
I also saw the '05 revival of Fete Etrange at Covent Garden, which was pretty but frigid. Whatever emotions were in the ballet never made it far beyond the proscenium. I hope they try again more successfully.
Posted 14 November 2007 - 09:26 AM
Ballet Theater's performances were 1940, before I was born. However, ABT still includes it in its archive of ballets.
Does anyone know whether it was ever revived at ABT? Or whether it has been performed elsewhere in the past few decades?
Regarding the connection to Tudor: how did Howard's style of story-telling and use of movement compare to his? Did observers make comparisons at the time?
Posted 14 November 2007 - 10:05 AM
Posted 14 November 2007 - 05:49 PM
Thank you for that, Jane. Howard is a choreographer that's interested me, and I think you are exactly right about the danger of losing distinct voices. I may be confusing her with someone else, but did she not do a ballet called "Assembly Ball," using the same Tchaikovsky piece that Balanchine used in "Theme and Variations" (and about the same time)?
Posted 14 November 2007 - 06:53 PM
Jane, your description helps me to experience a ballet I did not see:
In the novel, this is a life-changing experence. The young protagonist tries to return to the place but cannot find it. It's all very Romantic: yearning, obsessing, searching, idealizaing. There's a bit of James (from La Syphide) in the boy's makeup. Augustin was really young; James never grew up.
[I]t's almost all atmosphere rather than action, a very delicately drawn encounter between an adolescent boy and a slightly older girl, inconclusive on her side but shattering her relationship with the man she's engaged to. It has a subtle and beautiful decor by Sophie Fedorovitch, and a shifting, haunting score by Gabriel Faure: you come out of it not quite sure exactly what happened but knowing that whatever it was, it changed its characters' lives for ever
I'm glad Monica Mason has expressed the desire to do this again and, as you say, "get it right." The story deserves a wonderful production (original set?) and the best dancers in the world. Good luck to her.
Posted 14 November 2007 - 08:01 PM
Posted 15 November 2007 - 05:18 AM
The casting was hard to understand: almost all the roles were cast too old and both the Brides - Bussell and Yanowsky - were too tall for the young men cast opposite them. It's interesting you see a likeness to James, as I could easily imagine a Danish cast getting this right.
Posted 15 November 2007 - 05:18 AM
I do hope they give Fete another try, but I'm not certain that they will. There's an interview with Monica Mason at the Ballet association website where it says
The designs used were actually rather handsome Bart. The problem is that Covent Garden seems to swallow or muffle the ballet. I hope Mason can figure out how to compensate for a ballet that was meant for a more intimate house.
'Monica felt that Fete Etrange was not successful: I didnt think we quite brought it off. She had hoped it would be a ballet that could be brought back once more before her time was up but is now not sure. '
There's more details of the nature of the problem with the designs too. NB you need to scroll a long way down, but it is an interesting interview
Posted 15 November 2007 - 08:11 AM
Couldn't this have been dealt with in subsequent performances?
There had been an unfortunate accident with the backcloth. At the technical rehearsal just prior to opening, John B. Read was lighting and Monica noticed four dark blobs on the backcloth. No-one seemed to know where they had come from and the production team wondered if they were going to get away with it which Monica felt they wouldnt: âNo - its blobbyâ. John B. Read was very concerned. More light made the blobs stand out; they tried black gauze to absorb some of the dark shadows cast by the blobs but that didnt work. So lighting-wise the production was dark, when really it needed to be brilliant, just as Sophie Fedorovitchs original design was brilliant. âIt should have glistened, a snow scene in a snow garden. Instead it looked like Heathrow airport in a snow storm.â
Similiarly, aren't there methods of shrinking the visible playing area of a too-large stage?
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Palladino: Training next generation of refs
When they toss up the ball tonight on the girls high school basketball season, it concludes 21/2 weeks of practice and training for the players. We often forget that the preparation is even longer for other people in the gymnasium: the officials.
There have been weeks of training for the men and women in black and white striped shirts. There were rules meetings, preseason clinics, mechanics clinics, floor clinics, certification tests and a chance to brush away the cobwebs in scrimmages.
At weekend scrimmages at Wamogo and Brookfield high schools, Litchfield County Board No. 7 ran a teaching session for officials. Commissioner Ted Zaloski said that close to 50 officials participated, while another 20 officials served as evaluators.
The day was open to anyone, but most especially to the rookies. There are 15 new refs in the board this year, Zaloski said.
For Tim Noel of Bethlehem, Saturday at Wamogo was his second day as a certified Board 7 official. He was a sponge, sopping up experience and guidance.
We have all watched countless basketball games, know the rules (we think) and we could probably step on the floor right now and be brilliant officials.
Um, not quite. Noel said that actually doing the job on the court is a challenge.
"Today gave me where to be on the court," he said. "The veterans are helping me with hand signals, so that coaches and parents aren't mad at me, but it is going to happen anyway."
The classroom work is done, the rule book memorized and tests passed. "Now, it's all hands-on," he said, and it isn't easy.
Saturday at Wamogo, experienced Board 7 officials, like Chris Bunel, put in their time on the floor and offered guidance to the new men and women in stripes.
One of the raters was Cyndie Adamski, who has refereed basketball for more than 50 years, including at the AIAW
See OFFICIALS, Page 5C
national collegiate championship game in 1982. Adamski is also a member of the Connecticut Women's Basketball Hall of Fame as an official.
Do you think she had some advice for the rookies?
"Training is the key," Adamski said. "Sometimes we're a little lax in that area."
Adamski now works mostly freshman, junior varsity and middle school games, "so I work with a lot of first-year officials. I try to help them learn exactly how to do it."
Adamski studied officiating when she was a three-sport star at Southern Connecticut State University. "By the time I graduated," she said, "I was a nationally rated official."
At the time, the girls and women's high school and college games were worked by an officials pool that was 90 percent women, she said. Today, officiating boards are desperate to increase the number of women toting whistles.
"If girls see a woman on the court, they might think, 'Hey, not everyone is going to be a professional, but maybe I can officiate. That woman is just as good as the guy I saw last week,'" Adamski said.
"It behooves boards to recruit women, younger women, into the game. You have to replenish your stock," Adamski said.
You need to have a love for the kids, for the coaches who scream at you, Adamski said, but most importantly, "you need to have a love of basketball."
When you attend a high school game tonight, remember, officials are people, too. Show them a little love.
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tedzaloski wrote on Dec 5, 2012 10:26 AM:
" Joe,
Very nice article. I will be in touch in March and maybe you can do a follow up article and help us get new refs.
By the way, saturday was a big success for us. "
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