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OK, I've learned what a static function is, but I still don't see why they are more useful than private member functions. This might be kind of a newb-ish question here, but why not just replace all private member functions with static functions instead?
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Assuming that you're using OOP, use static functions when they don't depend on any class members. They can still be private, but this way they are optimized as they don't depend on any instance of the related object.
Other than the above, I find static functions useful when you don't want to create an instance of an object just to execute one public function on it. This is mainly the case for helper classes that contain public functions to do some repetitive and general work, but don't need to maintain any state between calls.
Trying for a more simplified explanation than the above (pretty good ones).
An object is code + data normally. A static method is used when you only have the "code" portion to deal with (there is no data/state being maintained).
Because they don't require an instance and can be public. Say you need a function to get the greatest common denominator (GCD; very useful for fraction classes; and yes this is just a simple example). There is no point in creating a class of objects whose sole purpose is that you can have a
Of coures if there are only static methods, you're doing OOP wrong and should either switch to actually doing OOP or using a language more appropriate to your paradigm.
As to what a static method is:
Examples of when are static methods useful:
Just use them where appropriate only.
If a lot of your data is outside of objects and they are being worked on via static methods then your code is not object oriented and may become difficult to maintain.
I use them as helper functions to common tasks, examples being:
Most of my files that group static functions have the suffix Helper, meaning that it's what they do, help me get somewhere faster.
Static and private are in fact orthogonal: a method can be static, or private, or none, or both.
Static vs. non-static (a.k.a. 'instance methods') indicates whether the method operates on the class itself (static) or on one particular instance (non-static). Depending on the language, you can call a static method through an instance, but you can never access the instance through a static method (which also implies that you cannot call any non-static methods from inside a static method, simply because you have no
Private vs. public are about visibility of the method. Private methods can only be accessed from within the class's own scope, while public methods are accessible from anywhere. The most important use for this is encapsulation: by making only those methods and properties public that are absolutely needed by the rest of the code to communicate with your class, you limit the points at which outside code can introduce problems, and you prevent problems inside your class from bleeding into the rest of the project.
So, rule of thumb:
I use static methods in both C++ and C# for Utility classes, classes that don't have any instance data, just one way to bundle a collection of useful, related methods.
Assuming you are speaking of C++ (you didn't say) and you have the terms right (i.e. do not mean member functions/methods):
Even a private member function still has to be declared in the header, which means it actually becomes part of the API and ABI of the class, even though the user can't actually call it. If you add, modify or delete private member function, you are forcing recompilation of all dependent classes (the header has changed, make can't know better) and when you do so in a library, you have to consider compatibility for the application using it.
On the other hand file-scoped static functions don't get a public symbol, so you can add, modify or delete them as you like and nothing beyond the one compilation unit will ever be affected.
Typically you need a static main to act as an entry point for your program. That could be kind of important.
A static function (and there's different meanings for that term in different languages), doesn't require any state that is retained between calls. If it is conceptually closely tied to what an class does, make it a class function (as in on a class not an object), or if not, make it a global (or module-level, whatever) function. It doesn't belong on an object if it has no need of the object's state.
If you're passing state to it all the time, its not really a stateless function, you're just making a stateful function with stateless syntax. In that case, it probably belongs on the calling object, or maybe a refactoring to better align the state and behavior is indicated.
"why not just replace all private member functions with static functions instead?"
... because a private member can access instance data whilst only allowing it to happen from calls made inside other member functions. The static function can be private, but its not going to be able to alter or refer to an instance of the class unless the instance is passed in as a parameter.
It's funny how nobody has been able to give a good answer yet. I'm not sure this one is either. You should probably take it as a hint that they should be used as little as possible. They're after all procedural rather than OOP.
Here are some more examples:
In Obj-C, where they're called class methods, they're commonly used as allocation wrappers where the object is put in the reference counting pool before being returned.
Another example from Obj-C is to register a new class in to a class collection. Let's say you have a set of classes each handling one type of file. When you create a new class for a new file type you could register it to the collection (a global variable) using a static method in the class that determines the type of file.
In C++ another use I can think of is to softly catch errors. Your constructor function can't fail, except by throwing an exception. You could set an error instance variable, but that's not always appropriate. Instead you can do the parts that might fail in a static wrapper and then allocate and return the new object, or NULL on failure.
Let's say you want to compute the sinus of something.
Without static:
With static:
It makes no sense to make
Static functions are not tied to a particular objects. They are "general" functions that are independent of the internal state of the object.
Kind of late here but I'd like to try to create a precise definition: static functions are functions that do not or can not reference instance properties/methods of the containing class.
In some languages, like C#, there might be static fields or properties in static classes, so it's not exactly right to say they're not used for state; a static function might make use of static (global) state.
Basically, it boils down to: static functions, like anything static, are useful when it makes sense for them to always be available with no dependency on non-static instances.
Helper functions, like math functions, are an oft-sited example, but there are others.
If the class you create requires the data be immutable, it might make sense to create static functions that take in an instance and pass a new instance since the instance can't (or shouldn't) be changed. String classes, for instance, might have static functions that take in a string (or 2 or more) and pass back a new string.
Another reason might be that there's a class that keeps a global state or data of some kind. There might be static functions that work with the static properties or fields in that static class.
I would like to point out another use of static f().
Boils down to this:


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How The Grinch Stole ChristmasSat, December 22, 2012 - 7:30 PMDetroit Opera House in Detroit, MI
We are sorry, the date for this event has already passed. This event took place on 12/22/2012. Click here to view upcoming events for How The Grinch Stole Christmas.
Still unsure? Check out our user reviews for:
Have a question? Need help? Call us at 800.477.5285

subset: commoncrawl


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Representatives of about two dozen organizations are promoting a plan to have downtown Lawrence designated as a cultural district, which they said would spread the city's reputation for supporting culture and improve the organizations' chances to receive grants.
The groups met Sunday with the Lawrence Cultural Arts Commission, which agreed to forward the proposal to the City Commission, The Lawrence Journal-World reported (http://bit.ly/WoAjXt ).
The designation would not require rezoning or major changes to the landscape. But supporters hope it would prompt the city to improve lighting and sidewalks in the district and create foot and bicycle traffic pathways to link historic, arts, natural and cultural heritage sites such as the Arts Center, New York School, the river and art galleries downtown and in the Warehouse Arts District.
"We firmly believe that this will put Lawrence, Kansas, in the running for national recognition in the areas of public health for walkability and biking, historic preservation, support for the arts, creative place making, and neighborhood revitalization," the groups said in a letter to the Cultural Arts Commission. "A nonrestrictive and broadly defined 'Cultural District' designation will strengthen grant applications from the city of Lawrence and all arts, historical and cultural entities within this framework."
The supporters include Arts Center director Susan Tate, Downtown Lawrence director Cathy Hamilton, Lawrence Public Library director Brad Allen, a number of artists and the East Lawrence Neighborhood Association.
Cultural Arts Commission member Richard Renner said commission members and the supporters agreed the designation would formalize something that already exists.
"I do like the idea of it being recognized by other cities that we have a cultural arts area," Renner said. "Lawrence has that rep already ... we want to encourage this."
The details and potential costs have not been outlined. But requests from the Arts Center and others include repairs to brick streets and alleys, public art, solar-powered lighting, free Internet access and the hiring of a city arts and culture administrator.
Location, ST | website.com


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May Lodge 718, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, will be having a spaghetti dinner at their Lodge Hall at 208 E. Wabash St. in Norris City [behind the post office and next door to the Wonder Market] beginning at 3 p.m. Saturday, Aug. 2.
Deliveries will be made in town. Carryouts will be available.
Please call 1-618-378-3176 for more information or for deliveries.
The public is invited. Cost is by donation.
Location, ST | website.com


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Showers and thunderstorms, some with local heavy rainfall, are expected across Pennsylvania and northward to New England. These storms will elevate the potential for flash flooding the rest of this weekend. Hot temperatures are expected across the Desert Southwest and Texas. Monsoonal thunderstorms are expected across New Mexico and Arizona. Read More >
Last Map Update: Sun, Jul. 31, 2016 at 2:33:10 am CDT


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Kim Jong Un, son of Kim Jong Il, in this undated file photo during a visit with father to the Kangso Mineral Water Processing Factory in Pyongannam Do, North Korea. (AP/Korean Central News Agency via Korea News Service)
SEOUL, South Korea - North Korea's leader said Friday that his rocket forces are ready "to settle accounts with the U.S.," an escalation of the country's bellicose rhetoric and a direct response to the unprecedented announcement that U.S. nuclear-capable B-2 bombers had joined military drills with South Korea.
Kim Jong Un's comments in a meeting with his senior generals are part of a rising tide of threats meant to highlight anger over the military drills and recent U.N. sanctions over Pyongyang's nuclear test. North Korea sees U.S. nuclear firepower as a direct threat to its existence and claims the annual military drills are a preparation for invasion. Pyongyang also uses the U.S. nuclear arsenal as a justification for its own push for nuclear-tipped missiles that can strike the United States — a goal that experts believe to be years away, despite a nuclear test last month and a long-range rocket launch in December.
A full-blown North Korean attack is unlikely, though there are fears of a more localized conflict, such as a naval skirmish in disputed Yellow Sea waters. Such naval clashes have happened three times since 1999. North Korea's threats are seen by outside analysts as efforts to provoke South Korea to soften its policies and to win direct talks with Washington that could result in aid. Kim's comments are also seen as ways to build domestic loyalty and strengthen his military credentials.
Kim met early Friday morning with his senior generals, state media reported, signed a rocket preparation plan and ordered his forces on standby to strike the U.S. mainland, South Korea, Guam and Hawaii. Many analysts say they've seen no evidence that Pyongyang's missiles can hit the U.S. mainland. But it has capable short- and mid-range missiles, and Seoul is only a short drive from the heavily armed border separating the Koreas.
U.S. Forces Korea said Thursday that the B-2 stealth bombers flew from a U.S. air base in Missouri and dropped dummy munitions on the South Korean island range before returning home. It was unclear whether America's stealth bombers were used in past annual drills with South Korea, but this is the first time the military has announced their use.
The statement follows an earlier U.S. announcement that nuclear-capable B-52 bombers participated in the joint military drills.
Earlier, Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel said the addition of nuclear-capable B-2 stealth bombers to military drills with South Korea was part of normal exercises and not intended to provoke a reaction from the north.
Hagel said Thursday that North Korea's belligerent tones and actions in recent weeks have "ratcheted up the danger" in the region. He said the United States has to be prepared to defend its interests as well as the interests of its allies.
The defense secretary said there are a lot of "unknowns" with North Korea.
U.S. Forces Korea said in a statement Thursday that two B-2 stealth bombers flew from an air base in Missouri and dropped dummy munitions on the South Korean island range before returning home.
A Pentagon official told CBS News that, since March 8, the U.S. military has flown more traditional looking, non-stealth B-52 bombers over South Korea three times, but Thursday was the first run over the peninsula by B-2s.
At a Thursday afternoon press conference at the Pentagon, Hagel said the "North Koreans have to understand that what they're doing is very dangerous."
"They have some options," Hagel said. "They can take another approach to a better future, but what they're doing now is not the way to do that."
Hagel, who was joined at the briefing by Joint Chiefs Chairman Gen. Martin Dempsey, defended carrying out the stealth bombing runs to South Korea.
"I don't think we're poking back or responding," he said. "I don't think we're doing anything extraordinary or provocative or out of the -- out of the orbit of what nations do to protect their own interests and assure ... not only to our South Korean ally, but to our other allies in the region, that we must make clear that these provocations by the North are taken by us very seriously and we'll respond to that."
Hagel also defended the U.S. military's decision to beef up missile defense in Alaska and California in light of Pyongyang's recent provocations - even if North Korea doesn't currently have the capability of striking the U.S.
CBS News correspondent Major Garrett notes that it's not unusual for North Korea to threaten war when the U.S. and South Korea carry out joint training exercises, but the White House views Kim as an unpredictable figure.
"We don't have any choice in defending this country but to anticipate worst case scenarios," Hagel said. "These are decision-making processes that evolve based on threats -- you only need to be wrong once."
One sign this could all be North Korean bluster, Garrett reports, is that North Korea has kept open a key industrial park where hundreds of South Koreans do business every day and where global trade produces roughly $2 billion for the isolated nuclear power.
White House officials tell CBS News they've stepped up communication with South Korea as well as new governments in Japan and China, looking for allies throughout the region to tell the North it's playing a perilous game.


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I used http://thesixtyone.com for quite some time as the main source of new music discoveries. At some point they redesigned their site and it became really hard to use. The old version is still available now but who knows for how long. So I feel like it's time to move on. I also scrobble my music so the integration with Last.fm is quite important for me. Is there any other streaming music service with scrobbling support?
closed as off topic by phwd♦ Oct 22 '12 at 16:45
Questions on Web Applications Stack Exchange are expected to relate to web applications within the scope defined by the community. Consider editing the question or leaving comments for improvement if you believe the question can be reworded to fit within the scope. Read more about reopening questions here.If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
Spotify is very good and has Last.Fm integration, but is not available outside of Europe yet
The VIP mode of Grooveshark offers scrobbling to Last.fm


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Grand National Roadster Show History Of The Race Car Exhibit - Hot Rods That Go Very FastWritten by Chuck Vranas on June 1, 2010
One of the many fascinating things about the Grand National Roadster Show is that there are a number of buildings to visit and each is dedicated to a distinct style of car, be it hot rods, customs, lowriders, or muscle. Additionally, each year the promoters work tirelessly to assemble a truly unique collection of historical cars destined to follow a specific theme.
This year their efforts were dedicated to the History of the Race Car. It'd only seem fitting that the extensive grouping encompass almost every facet of racing dating back to the dawn of speed. With SoCal being a hotbed of engineering and creativity for racing over the years, there was no shortage of breathtaking examples exhibited, many with plenty of information accounting for their place in history.
To chronicle dry lakes and Bonneville competition many of the most memorable cars were displayed, including the Warth-Hilborn streamliner recreation, the SO-CAL Speed Shop belly tank, the Pierson Brothers' '34 coupe, and the Navarro 1927 Ford T roadster. While many of the cars have been treated to extensive restorations, there were others that wore their patina. The King and Hansen belly tank was untouched since it last raced, and the recently unearthed (after 60 years) Meteor built by Alfred Churchill and later owned by George Nakamura was proudly displayed by his son, Walter.
Shifting focus to the world of drag racing, there were endless examples of how the sport evolved, beginning with the incredibly stripped down rail job "The Bug" campaigned by Dick Kraft. The Waters and Murray "Triple Nickel" roadster is considered the first dragster to run a Chevy 265ci V-8, putting out 375 hp using a 50-50 nitro/alky fuel mix, no small feat for the mid '50s. As the sport grew, the cars got faster and more evil, which was easily seen from Rich Guasco's "Pure Hell," the Mondello and Matsubara AA/Fuel Altered, and the Weiss and Larkin AA/Fuel dragster.
The brilliance of the exhibition was that the span of decades included cars that competed on the Ascot tracks through the '30s, Indy, and even the Big Oval NASCAR tracks. Proving that there was no sign of slowing down, current examples competing actively at Bonneville, including the Poteet and Main "Speed Demon" streamliner with its sights set on breaking the 500-mph mark this summer. Add in the chance to talk with many of the car owners, the sounds of race engines over the loud speakers echoing throughout the hall, and a perfect array of vendors, and you have an exhibition that ranks among one of the best seen in recent memory.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
One of the most honored cars in Bonneville history is Alex Xydias' SO-CAL Speed Shop belly tank lakester, owned by Bruce Meyer.In D/Modified Class at Bonneville in 1956, the Leever-Esser-Ruter '29 Ford roadster ran 169.17 mph. It is currently owned by Richard V. Munz.Barney Navarro's '27 Ford roadster, owned and restored by Scott Perrott, has a very rich history on both the Salt and dry lakes.Built in 1959 by Jocko Johnson, the seductive "Moonliner" features a hand-formed aluminum body and was originally powered by an Allison V-12 engine.The Pierson Brothers' '34 Ford coupe is a Bonneville icon with its distinct look and legendary performance records. It is part of the Bruce Meyer Collection.Eddie Miller Jr.'s Pontiac 6 lakester was an engineering marvel when it was built in the late '40s to compete against the V-8s. Its present owner is Don Ferguson Jr.There's nothing more evil than Rich Guasco's "Pure Hell" AA/Fuel Altered, which was one of the most feared competitors on the drag racing scene.Considered one of the first rail jobs, Dick Kraft's "The Bug"turned 113.92 mph in 1950. It is owned by the late Dick Kraft and Ron Roseberry today.
Owned by Dean Murray, the Waters and Murray "Triple Nickel" '29 Ford roadster was the first drag car to run a 265ci Chevy in 1955.The Stone, Woods & Cook "Swindler" B/GS Willys was looking better than ever, thanks to the dedication of its owner Mike Wales and restorer Joe Troilo.The Poteet and Main "Speed Demon" streamliner brings everything cutting edge to the table with its amazing 436.067 current top speed.


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Unlike mountain names, where "Mount" always precedes its name, e.g. Mount Everest, I've noticed that some rivers have "River" before its name, e.g. the River Nile but others have it after, e.g. the Colorado River. How does one decide where it should be and how did the difference come about?
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There is no such rule, and for that matter, there is no rule about the position of Mount either; there's Rocky Mount in my part of the world, and many Appalachian peaks are known as Nnn Mountain. It is a matter of convention. The same goes for many other geologic or hydrologic features: the Leyte Gulf but the Gulf of Mexico, Loch Lomond but Alemoor Loch, the Isle of Wight but Portsea Island.
That said, Nnn River is the far more prevalent form in the U.S.; it would be quite rare to hear of the River Missouri or the River Columbia in prose. This is also true of other American terms for streams, e.g. branch, brook, run, kills (though not so much for lakes). This format may then carry over to foreign names, unless the entire foreign name is borrowed in whole: thus Americans usually known the Rio Amazonas as the Amazon River, but it is the Arroyo de la Laguna east of San Francisco Bay and not the Laguna Arroyo.
As JeffSahol noted, you can somewhat sidestep the question for rivers by referring to them with the definite article: the Hudson, the Platte, the Potomac.
I suspect British English tends to put river (and the definite article) before the name. It's always the River Thames, and not Thames River. Mountains are sometimes preceded by Mount, sometimes not. It's always Mount Snowdon, but it's Ben Nevis (not Mount Ben Nevis) and the Eiger (not Mount Eiger).
Interesting...note that rivers are denoted by the definite article "The", though. The Colorado, as distinguished from Colorado, the state. Mountains' names, without the definite article, tend to need their "honorific" to distinguish them from other proper names or ordinary nouns...with exceptions, as noted below in the comments.
The difference, it seems to me, is that Old World rivers have their own names (often personified as a god or nymph) but colonists typically named rivers after something (e.g. Hudson River after Henry Hudson; Swan River, formerly Black Swan River, where someone saw such a bird for the first time) or descriptively (Little Twisty Green River). "Mississippi River" (among other native names) is anomalous in this view, because the name belonged to the river first; I can only suppose that it was absorbed into the now predominant pattern, perhaps after a State was named after it.
In a phrase like "the river Thames", the R ought not to be capitalized in my humble opinion.
Most rivers in England are "River Foo" but there are exceptions e.g. "Moors River". Streams are always "Foo Stream". Foreign rivers are variously called "Foo River", especially if the author is N American, "River Foo" if the author is e.g. British, but most often just "the Foo" or "the Foo river". This information is gleaned from various book-based searches of river names at Google Books.


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This is one of a kind eyewear, that's the Von Zipper way. The Von Zipper Elmore Party Animal Sunglasses are your perfect all year round shades. Ready and rarin' to go. Sports a wider, larger wayfarer feel with solid frames and temples. VZ logo at temple outer sides with custom metal work at hinges. Available in colorways as seen below.
- 100% UV protection
- Base 6 spherical lens
- Impact resistant polycarbonate lens
- Nylon grilamid frame
- Stainless steel optical hinges


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Cool Product: Touratech Adjustable Folding Mirror
Perfect for adventure touring, the Touratech adjustable folding mirror is super tough, adjustable, and folds away easily for off-road use or transport.
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Closeout pricing on hundreds of quality Touratech items. Products are new and unused and feature huge discounts. Buy now, since supplies are limited. ITEMS UP TO 80% OFF!
Catch a Tiger by the Tail!
Yesterday at EICMA they unveiled the 2015 Tiger 800's…. All 4 of them: The Tiger XR and XRX for the street, and the XC and XCX for dual-sport riding.
DriRide Breathable Seat Technology
Stay dry with Touratech's exclusive breathable seat technology. Your riding gear is designed to allow moisture to escape your body but it can't do its job in the most important area unless you have a seat that breathes.
Touratech-USA's 2013 Winter Wishlist
With the holidays right around the corner, we decided to put together a 'Winter Wishlist,' highlighting a handful of the ADV items and accessories we're excited about this season. Follow the link and take a look.
RECAP: 2013 Touratech Rally
This past June, Touratech-USA hosted its fourth annual rally near the sleepy town of Plain, Washington. Like the three years prior, the 2013 Touratech Rally provided participants with an opportunity to ride a variety of roads and trails throughout Washington's beautiful backcountry, as well as learn more about adventure motorcycling.
Bike Build - 2013 Triumph Tiger Explorer
Triumph's new Tiger Explorer is an excellent addition to the adventure motorcycle market. To celebrate its successful integration into the industry and to prepare the bike for its first adventure, we decided to outfit our Tiger Explorer with a handful of Touratech accessories. Follow the link to see all of the ADV accessories we installed!
2013 Triumph Tiger Explorer XC
Triumph recently announced plans to build an XC version of their 1200cc Tiger Explorer. The bike, which will be unveiled at the Intermot Show in Cologne, Germany, on October 2nd, is expected to appear in dealers this April.
2012 Touratech Pacific NW Adventure Rally
Last month, Touratech-USA and Rawhyde Adventures hosted their third annual Pacific Northwest Adventure Rally near Leavenworth, WA. The event, which saw more than 200 likemidned motorcyclists in attendance, included guided rides, camping and plenty of time spent around a campfire.


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On AWS, bandwidth costs as little as $0.08 per GB and storage costs as little as $0.055 per GB. Are there any providers that charge less? These numbers end up being very costly for a web site that hosts pictures and videos, so I'm looking for cheaper alternatives.
closed as off-topic by dan♦ Nov 24 '14 at 6:50
This question appears to be off-topic. The users who voted to close gave this specific reason:
Here's a site that compares a few cloud hosts, although I'm not sure how up-to-date it is: http://www.mrkirkland.com/cloud-computing-price-comparison/
I also compared aws pricing to google app engine, and it seems that yes, aws is the cheapest.
However, you should also read about the quality of aws hosting before you use it, as I have heard of many issues from people using them.
Also, if you are looking into hosting pictures and videos, you may want to try to find a specialized host that serves images, and one that serves videos as a side-service in addition to hosting. They may have cheaper storage costs and better/faster distribution of the content.
There is also a site which calculates cloud hosting prices from various providers - www.cloudorado.com. You can just check how much would cost a server you need from various providers. Amazon is often not the cheapest unless micro instance is used.
Update: Here is also an article which tries to answer exactly the same question.
AWS gives you a virtual server all to yourself. If you just want to host pictures and videos then look for "shared hosting". You'll need to estimate your expected bandwidth and disk usage as many put limits, but often they allow you to buy extra.
You can find hosting with "unlimited" bandwidth and disk usage, but there may be a limit on the number of files you can have, or some fair use policy so that bandwidth isn't really unlimited, or may be shared with many other people, so gets quite slow.
No - you can get VPS solutions as well as Shared Hosting (as mentioned in other answers) for much cheaper than Amazon offers. The drawback is that you usually have to purchase these services on a month by month basis in comparison to amazons minute to minute rate.


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Mark Sanford's Appalachian Spring
"I want to publicly acknowledge God's role in all of this," declared a victorious Mark Sanford as he celebrated an unlikely political rebirth Tuesday night with a sermon praising the Supreme Being and the many "angels" who helped the once-disgraced former governor along the way.
Perhaps the Almighty did inspire those who drew the boundaries of South Carolina's 1st Congressional District. They packed it with so many Republicans that Sanford was able to engineer a comeback in the polls by debating a flat piece of cardboard bearing the image of House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi.
Voters in the Lowcountry may have been weary of a man who made a national spectacle of himself by covering up an affair when he was chief executive and then hanging around in office. But when called to arms against liberals and spending and big government, they were prepared to forget Sanford's hike on the Appalachian Trail, the one that never happened but was his attempt at a false alibi for being in Argentina to see his lover-now-fiancée.
His Democratic opponent, Elizabeth Colbert Busch, tried everything she could to shove party and philosophy out of the voters' minds and keep them focused on the man they had once loathed and laughed at.
She made herself relatively scarce when it came to campaign appearances and her advertising was out of a Chamber of Commerce promotion. "Elizabeth knows jobs" was the opener on a spot that touted her as a "Charleston businesswoman" and spoke of the importance of math and science -- hard to argue with that. She closed by telling voters: "I'm running for Congress to create jobs in South Carolina. That's what I know."
What she and her handlers did not know, or hoped wasn't true, was how deep our regional and partisan divisions are. You can run from ideology but you can't hide. Ironically, it is Colbert Busch's brother Stephen Colbert who became one of the era's most entertaining and astute political satirists by understanding the power of ideology. You might say that Sanford's whole campaign was drawn from a Stephen Colbert sketch.
And, yes, this was South Carolina. Remember that when Newt Gingrich ran for the Republican presidential nomination last year, he won only two primaries: in his home state of Georgia, and in the state where the Civil War began. It's funny, by the way, that Sanford's full-page ad defending his visit to his ex-wife Jenny's house in violation of a court order referred to the battle of the Alamo but misstated the year it happened as 1863. This would move that fight to the death into the middle of the War of Northern Aggression, as some Southerners still see it. Was this evocative error entirely accidental?
Gingrich has also led what we can politely call a colorful personal life. But he knew that South Carolina was one place where he could argue that Mitt Romney was a kind of crypto-liberal and make it stick. It was the perfect setting for a contest against a Pelosi photo.
In light of all the money the Democrats spent, it's still remarkable how loyal Republicans were to the man who once represented them. In the end, Colbert Busch ran only five points ahead of President Obama's 40 percent in the district in 2012. In two of its more conservative counties, Dorchester and Berkeley, she hardly gained anything on Obama's share.
Democrats insisted as soon as the results were known that Sanford's triumph will prove to be an embarrassment to congressional Republicans. It will be, at least for a while, especially since the newly minted House member has to show up in court Thursday on his wife's trespassing charge. Jesse Ferguson, the spokesman for the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, was quick to note that there are one-hundred-and-nineteen Republican incumbents in districts more Democratic than South Carolina's 1st. Sanford's win, he insisted, does not tell us much about the 2014 midterm elections.
That's probably right. But it does say a great deal about America in 2013. God may well have moved Sanford to turn his life around and to run a scrappy campaign without any assistance from the big honchos in Washington. But his resurrection was a phenomenon not of the next world but of this one -- of a country so torn by party dogma that an imaginary walk along the Appalachian Trail counts for little when compared with the chance to beat the other guys, even when they're made out of cardboard.
(c) 2013, Washington Post Writers Group
About the Author
E. J. Dionne Jr. is a syndicated columnist, professor of government at Georgetown University, and a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. His most recent book is Our Divided Political Heart: The Battle for the American Idea in an Age of Discontent (Bloomsbury Press).
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My congressperson is Nancy Pelosi, an Italian Catholic, centerist grandmother. It's a shame that her name can be used by a fraud to scare knownothings 3000 miles from her home.
Ed, considering Nancy Pelosi's policies, her name should scare all of us, as she is a disgrace to both her faith and the taxpayers.
As for Sanford, if the Dems were thinking like reasonable people, they would have put a big hitter in, heck, even someone with real values and integrity. It's their own fault that they ran an unkown and actually thought they could win on the coat tail of a brother celeb.
And yes, shame on the R's for giving power back to a man who has already proven he can't handle it. Forgiveness is one thing, stupidity another.
Both choices were so bad, everyone should have just sat this one out. But then, God always gives us the leadership we deserve. Enough said.
God always gives us the leadership we deserve?
No, the electorate does.
Mr.Dionne's "who made a national spectacle of himself by covering up an affair when he was chief executive and then hanging around in office. sounds like a perfect description of William Jefferson Clinton the darling of the liberals, progressives and the media. In fact it is an apt description of several New York democrats, Weiner, for one who aspire to public office as making a spectacle of oneself is worn like a badge of honor by democrat politicians.
Dear E.Patrick Mosman,
I think you meant to write "Democrat" politicians. I would like to think that you probably meant to write "Democratic politicians", as that is the term by which Democrats choose to call themselves. Otherwise, you have fallen into an ad hominem attack, which is, no doubt, beneath the standards of a Christian (Catholic?, thoughtful person who reads Commonweal?) and upstanding American, which, no doubt, you are.
At some point, our country must demand respect for differences, and that can start with respectful discourse. For if one side eventually does "win out", what kind of society will it be if the winners are disrepectful people? I think it starts with us.
God always gives us the leadership we deserve?
No, the electorate does.
Helen God giving sinful nations "Bad leaders" is very biblical, especially throughout the Old Testament and in some of the Psalms. Has a lot to do with "eyes to see and ears to hear" of which only people who live in God's word are entitled.
It would be fair to say, that our country, mired against many things of God, is both largely "deaf and blind." Consequently, devoid of God's wisdom, we get what a deaf and blind electorate will elect.
South Carolina was just a great example.
Dear David Stewart,
"At some point, our country must demand respect for differences, and that can start with respectful discourse." Of course you are right and you might have started with the columnist that I quoted whom you chose to ignore, failed to admonish and finally completely ignored the point I raised while raising an accusation of an " ad hominem attack" over a small 'd' or capital a "D". Is that what you consider "respectful discourse"?
Fair enough, Patricia. God giving sinful nations "Bad leaders" is biblical. But I think that the early Christian martyrs would have had a different idea about the Roman emperors.
At any rate, it seems that you and I may have different understandings of biblical interpretation, modern democracy, and free will.
This is not a blog, so I will refrain from further comment.
Dear E. Patrick,
We can find hypocrisy on both the right and the left. You are right to point out the author seems to point only to the right. Though, to be fair, he was talking about a singular race. You widened the lense.
I was not really addressing the little d, but rather your use of the noun form "democrat" in place of the adjective "Democratic" because people on the right seem to take some offense to the Democratic party's "appropriation" of the word "democratic" as if words can't have more than one meaning. Pundits on the right were the ones who initially began using this form of the word, lacing it with antipathy towards Democrats. If that was not your intent, I do apologize, but if you felt yourself correct in using it as such, it would only prove that those self-same pundits of the right have poisoned the well of the debate, as their adherence insult their adversaries without even knowing it. Words are of no little import, as they set the tenor for any discussion that might result.
I for one am not surprised by the SINNER Mark Sanford winning. AFTER all, South Carolina voted for another ADULTER named Newt Gingrich. It just goes to show that the "people" of South Carolina would rather be the modern version of "The Devil and Daniel Webster",who also sold his soul to the Devil.
MAYBE South Carolina is the new SODDOM and GAMORRA? AND they call themselves Christians? HOW? BY putting in a congressman who may do jail time for violating a court order? OR, maybe the judge will give him a slap on the wrist like Rush Limbaugh got for having thousands of illegally purchased pain pills? It just goes to show the mindset of some people. They will complain about a politician,but they will not vote to keep him out of office.
AS for someone mentioning PRESIDENT CLINTON, remember that Sanford called on him to resign but Sanford did not want to do the same thing he preached.
SO, the moral of the story is: THERE ARE LAWS FOR DEMOCRATS ONLY. BUT FOR REPUBLICANS , THEY ARE COVERED WITH TEFLON.
Dear Mr.David Stewart,
"Though, to be fair, he was talking about a singular race. You widened the lense." Mr Dionne was not talking about a race but the individual and it is fair to point out the hypocrisy of the writer when having a respectful discourse. Unless one is allowed to do so there is no basis for a discourse.
Patricia.. you say Pelosi policies should scare us. I guess you believe Sanford is pro-life and for the poor? Philanderers are the money source for abortions and no GOPer is for the poor.
vry nice article about prais of GOD ,i have ever read.great information you provide us by this magzine news,i would like to know more detail about this topic.thanks for share it.


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Has there been any serious scientific inquiries into answering this age old question?
closed as not constructive by Mad Scientist♦ Apr 5 '12 at 18:55
As it currently stands, this question is not a good fit for our Q&A format. We expect answers to be supported by facts, references, or expertise, but this question will likely solicit debate, arguments, polling, or extended discussion. If you feel that this question can be improved and possibly reopened, visit the help center for guidance.If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
Most theories about origin of life say that unicellular organisms were first and multicellularity (like chicken) evolved much later, so in that meaning egg (single cell)* was first. Also, almost all chicken ancestors lay eggs (primitive birds, non-avian reptiles, amphibians, fishes and so on...) so eggs existed much earlier than chickens.
*in the meaning of zygote. The development of chicken embryo starts in hen's oviducts, so it's not a single cell at the moment when hen lays it (Gilbert, 2000).
This is a classic case of "it depends on the context."
The question makes the false assumption that chicken and eggs are different life forms.
But they are the same thing and therefore this question is invalid.
Dunno about any serious scientific inquiries into the answer but I always thought the answer is egg. At some point the modern chicken has come into being as the progeny of two pre-modern chickens, however it had to be an egg before it could be a chicken and its parents couldn't have been modern chickens.
However, all that presupposes that you can draw a line in the evolutionary history of the modern (extant) chicken and say this is modern and what goes before is not. I dunno if that really can be done.
Edit: came across this guardian article: http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2006/may/26/uknews
And from Prof. Brookfield of the University of Nottingham:


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Q&A with N.H. Public Radio President Betsy Gardella
President and CEO of New Hampshire Public Radio since 2005, Gardella has been behind many of the station's advances – from the state-of-the-art broadcast center that opened in late 2008 to its robust social media channels.
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5 Jun 2012 4:47 AM #1
Move config.io to Ext.io.Controller?
As part of my experimentation with Ext.io.Controller, I've created an Authentication controller that simply extends Ext.io.Controller and implements custom methods as necessary. Seems to work just fine.
At the moment, all of the config for io is set in the main application config. Just a thought, but does it make sense to allow that configuration to be set in the controller itself (or extends of the controller)?
The following worked for me:
Ext.define('MyApp.controller.Authentication', { extend: 'Ext.io.Controller', config: { io: { logLevel: 'debug', appId: '5udcINurg7MjiKE3wpQwemKhnlS', appSecret: 'Psyp6ttPyBO2W5WU', authOnStartup: false, manualLogin: true } } })
var conf = this.config.io;
auth: function() { this.login(!this.config.io.manualLogin); }
5 Jun 2012 7:10 PM #2
Thanks for the feedback. We could build the controller this way where the developer extends Controller like they do Stores and add their configuration and extensions. We will explore this as we continue to refine the API.
The main reason why the config is part of the application at the moment is because you can only have one sencha.io application configured and running at a time. If the config is part of the controller then someone might be tempted to have two controllers in the same application with different configs which at the moment would cause problems.
5 Jun 2012 7:31 PM #3
Ah, that makes sense. Thanks!


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The Perfect Halloween Party Playlist!
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FORT HOOD (November 24, 2011) - Six elaborate Thanksgiving Day feasts were prepared at Fort Hood Thursday. The dining halls competed for the best displays and celebrations. This year's winner was Freeman Cafe on 67th Street and Tank Destroyer Blvd.
Some of the highlights were ice sculptures, a gigantic cornucopia, and a gingerbread house you could walk through. Lt. Gen. Donald Campbell, 3 Corps & Fort Hood Commander, visited all the events and ate Thanksgiving dinner with the soldiers.
This year's Thanksgiving feast was extra special for many troops who were overseas last year.
"Sends the message that we still care about them that we still love them and this is an important part of an Army tradition, families serving families that's what we tell our soldiers your in a family and we're going to take care of you," Commander Campbell said.
Since the announcement of the drawdown of troops overseas thousands of men and women have returned home earlier than expected to make it in time for the holidays.


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Nike Free Powerlines+ Men's Running Shoes
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Alexander Cold knows all too well his grandmother Kate is never far from an adventure. When International Geographic commissions her to write an article about the first elephant-led safaris in Africa, they head -- with Nadia Santos and the magazine's photography crew -- to the blazing, red plains of Kenya. Days into the tour, a Catholic missionary approaches their camp in search of his companions who have mysteriously disappeared. Kate, Alexander, Nadia, and their team, agreeing to aid the rescue, enlist the help of a local pilot to lead them to the swampy forests of Ngoubé. There they discover a clan of Pygmies who unveil a harsh and surprising world of corruption, slavery, and poaching.
Alexander and Nadia, entrusting the magical strengths of Jaguar and Eagle, their totemic animal spirits, launch a spectacular and precarious struggle to restore freedom and return leadership to its rightful hands.
The final installment of Isabel Allende's celebrated trilogy of the journeys of Jaguar and Eagle soars with radiant settings, spirits, beings -- and the transformation of an extraordinary friendship.
Isabel Allende is the author of nine novels, translated into more than twenty-seven languages, including the New York Times bestsellers InÉs of My Soul, Portrait in Sepia, and Daughter of Fortune. In 2004 she was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Born in Peru and raised in Chile, she lives in California.
"Magic realism is blended throughout in a richly detailed narrative. Highly recommended."
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Hi guys. I think i am no super pro in panorama making. But i found interesting solution, of how to make panoramas to be more real than just static sphere.
So now i will give a link for archive. This panorama in exe format because it use complex structure BUT - take a look and post your comment/ideas here
Executable size nearby 8 mb http://life-is-good.ucoz.ru/panorama...rgachi_rc1.rar
Deval VR version just for reference - http://life-is-good.ucoz.ru/panorama...dergachi1.html
Main features of my EXE pano:
Ä¢ Realtime multi layer sky with sun (sweet look)
Ä¢ You can manipulate on sky direction from keyboard (wow)
Ä¢ Surround sound (it realy works)
Ä¢ Extra color mode (i call it sunshine - this is just for testing)
Deval VR version i show just for reference - how it look as ordinary pano - before any extra additions.


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I know this got out of hand on MySpace and I don't think I've seen it on Facebook. Do they provide any way to do this?
Facebook does not directly provide a service to customize your layout; but there are some 3rd party services / plugins on the net to provide Facebook layouts to your profile. I have never tried them but Naevius is one of them.
A search for "facebook layouts" using your favourite search engine should turn up some more.
The option for Facebook layouts is through a third party app or plugin on the web. I've tried FaceTheme and Webfetti but had issues so I decided to uninstall. I am now using PageRage and I am finding that it works quite well. They also give you the option to create your own layouts.
Not really customizing the layout, but a useful Chrome extension for hiding those annoying adverts https://chrome.google.com/extensions/detail/cbpaedifajkadcemkafopbniflgiimkd


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Keep it Country: Whitey Morgan and the 78's
Real, authentic country
February 28, 2013
By MIKE HUGHES Times Leader News Editor There's country music and then there is what passes for country music. One can be found playing on country radio no matter where you drive....
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Really White
The flap over Megyn Kelly declaring both Santa Claus and Jesus white has made its way through Colbert Nation and the Daily Show so what more need be said?
Well, thanks to Commonweal reader, Julian Irias, there is one more thing to say: Kelly should have used the correct word, "albification," meaning--well you Latin scholars will know. If she had, no one would have known what she was talking about.
From Websters' unabridged: Albification
Al`bi*fi*ca"tion\, n. [Cf. F. albification: L. albus white + ficare (onlyin comp.), facere, to make.] The act or process of making white.[Obs.]
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, © 1996, 1998 MICRA, Inc.
As Mr. Irias observes, the obsolesence was a bit premature. Thank you Mr. Irias.
Now we can all dream of the albification of Christmas.
About the Author
Margaret O'Brien Steinfels, a former editor of Commonweal, writes frequently in these pages and blogs at dotCommonweal.
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I like Megyn and not because she is pretty. She is one of the more sensible people at Fox News. Though I thought she ridiculuously gave Ted Cruz credit for being clairvoyant about Obama Care. I did watch live the famous election night walk to the Fox analysts which made Carl Rove look dumb and captapulted her into fame. She is different and does try to look at things and not be outright partisan as too many at Fox and even MSNBC are. Here is her response. http://nation.foxnews.com/2013/12/16/megyn-kelly-addresses-white-santa-comments
^Wow, that was pathetic.
Her damage control was a little odd, too. She says she now realizes it is not entirely clear that Jesus was white.
Bill M: Far be it from me to question your preference for Megyn Kelly, but if not her looks? Not her defensiveness, I assume...roundabout explanations? Blue eyes?
Now now Peggy. It is enough that I have Abe to deal with. Did you read my link. She was quoting a black writer who objected to the present depiction of Santa as fat and obvously not that great a health model for kids. Pick on Santa. Not on Megyn. I have taken the time to listen to her a few times. Have you? She is not just a pretty face. Gerelyn!! Where are you when I need you!!!
Megyn KellyVerified account[email protected]
Tune in tonight at 9p where I will address – brace for it – the SANTA controversy!
She is not just a pretty face. Gerelyn!! Where are you when I need you!!!
I'm not just a pretty face, either.
(I expected to see a Margaret blog today, but I thought it would be about the "scholars" who are boycotting Israel.)
The American Studies Association has never before called for an academic boycott of any nation's universities, said Curtis Marez, the group's president and an associate professor of ethnic studies at the University of California, San Diego. He did not dispute that many nations, including many of Israel's neighbors, are generally judged to have human rights records that are worse than Israel's, or comparable, but he said, "one has to start somewhere."
I like Megyn too, partly because she is pretty. Sue me.
Why were the Gospel writers so indifference to their characters' physical appearance? Why did they not tell us whether Jesus was tall or thin, fat or short, light-skinned or dark-skinned, right- or left-handed? Why did they not tell us more about his features?
Maybe Jesus looked like the Shroud of Turin,
You mean, very short?
Albification. Sounds like something you do with laundry bleach. "I'm albifyin' me undies."
People tended to lose sun-blocking melanin and become whiter as they moved into northern latitudes where lower levels of sunlight reduced vitamin D synthesis. So that would work for Santa, toiling away at the North Pole. But Jesus, out and about on the roads and hillsides of semi-tropical Palestine, would need all the melanin available to avoid skin cancer. In those climes, of course, people tend to cover up with totally albified robes and headdresses.
Then again, maybe Jesus got his color from his Father, which also does not settle the question.
Everyone was shorter then. And in that region, particularly short. But strong as an ox from doing carpenter work.
Here's a picture of him from Bridge Builder icons.
I don't think he looked like that. He would have been stockier, no sloping shoulders. And hairier.
Why were the Gospel writers so indifferent to their characters' physical appearance?
We know that Zacchaeus was short. We know what John the Baptist wore coming out of the desert, and what Jesus wore on the day of his crucifixion. Beyond that, I'm not thinking of any physical descriptions.
I bet Jesus looked nothing like the movie Jesuses who are mostly kind of sappy; he probably looked like one of the cool Sabra guys you run into odd places; in biblical dress, though.
Never for a moment did I think you were just a pretty face.
Another albification?
"We've seen several red lines put forward by the president, which went along and became pinkish as time grew, and eventually ended up completely white," said Prince Turki al-Faisal, the former intelligence chief of Saudi Arabia. "When that kind of assurance comes from a leader of a country like the United States, we expect him to stand by it."
Methinks the Prince protests too much! Wasn't he the Saudi ambassador on 9/11? Who hustled all those Saudi's home?
I found Turki (or the reporter attempting to interpret what he said) hard/impossible to understand. Even this bit:
"The game of hegemony toward the Arab countries is not acceptable," the prince said. Just as Arabs will not dress as Westerners do, he said, "we won't accept to wear Iranian clothes, either."
Though it does sound very Obama-esque you must admit.


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| Shende, S. , Technip, Mumbai, India
This automated checklist tool can be used to quickly check the acceptability of your design configuration based on the various project, client and services requirements.
[heat exchanger]
[heat transfer]
Plant operating experience over the years has led clients to
be more demanding with regard to equipment design. This
experience is expressed in client specifications, codes and
standards. Heat exchanger design must meet requirements
stipulated in:
These requirements exist in addition to the basic
requirements of heat transfer area and pressure drop. They are
maintained by heat exchanger designers in the form of a
checklist, and applied during design development. The checklist
can become quite extensive to cover various parameters that
influence thermal design. It is used with every exchanger on
the project, with the number of exchangers rising to 100-plus
for large projects like refineries and
cracking units.
In many designers experience, the use of this
checklist, although essential, can be monotonous and
time-consuming. Furthermore, the checklist cannot be
incorporated into general-purpose thermal design software. To
assist the designer, an Excel Visual Basic for Applications
(VBA)-based tool has been developed.
The checklist is established in an Excel format at the start
of the project. These requirements can be easily modified for
each service, client or project. The user must apply it to a
commercially available software programs design
output,1 and the program will display warning
messages for violations of requirements. This helps the thermal
designer quickly check the acceptability of each exchanger
design, improving productivity.
However, this automation process does not replace the manual
check that is required before finalizing the exchanger
configuration. The methodology for automating a checklist for a
shell-and-tube heat exchanger design in commercially available
software is discussed here.
The software allows the facility to export output reports in
an Excel format. The exported report is a fixed format. It
contains most of the parameters required for reviewing software
output. The tool makes use of the exported Excel file to read
the parameters required for checking. The flowchart for the
programming section is shown in Figs. 1 and
The checking tool consists of a requirements spreadsheet and
a mapping spreadsheet. The requirements spreadsheet is used to
define various checks required for software output.
Any checklist point can be split into two parts; one is
applicability, and the other is verification. An example is a
checklist point indicating, Cooling water velocity in the
tube side should be greater than 6 ft/s. This checkpoint
is applicable only for the exchangers that have cooling water
on the tube side, and the program verifies velocity only for
these exchangers. The verification conditions are defined
similarly to the applicability conditions.
A mapping spreadsheet contains the mapping of all the
software output parameters with their corresponding cell
locations in the exported software output files. The worksheet
tab name, the cell row number and the cell column number for
each parameter of the software output are specified in this
worksheet. The file needs to be set only once.
Background VBA code will read the location of each parameter
from this mapping sheet. Therefore, when a user wants to check
the tube-side velocity, the program will read the location of
the cell that contains tube-side velocity from the mapping
Some parameters are not reported in a single cell, but
rather spread out over many cells. These parameters are
shell-side monitor and tube-side
monitor. These parameters are reported in a particular
row, although they are spread across many cells over different
worksheet tabs. For this parameter, the value is written as
multiple in the mapping file. When the program
reads the location as multiple, it knows that the
parameter should be checked for multiple columns from the
software output.
To define applicability and verification, the software
output parameters listed in the mapping spreadsheet are used as
a dropdown list. The selection process is split into two
selections, for user convenience. Users must select the output
report name as it appears in the software output. Accordingly,
the options are displayed to the user for the next selection.
Each software parameter can be uniquely specified through these
two selections.
The comparison rules are also listed in a separate worksheet
and are used as a dropdown menu. The various comparison
conditions hardcoded in the program are equal to, greater
than, less than, list, between and contain. These
comparison conditions are self-explanatory.
Tables 13 show the methods of
translating typical checklist points in an automated
1. Tube-side cooling water velocity should be between 6
ft/s and 9 ft/s (Table 1).
2. Inlet-nozzle dynamic pressure (measured as Rho
v2) should be greater than shell entrance Rho
v2. This checklist condition is applicable to all
exchangers. For such checkpoints, a dummy applicability
condition is defined that is evaluated to be true for all
exchangers (Table 2).
3. Tube length should be 8 ft, 10 ft, 12 ft, 16 ft or 20
ft (Table 3).
1. Tube-side cooling water velocity should be between 6
ft/s and 9 ft/s (Table 1).
2. Inlet-nozzle dynamic pressure (measured as Rho
v2) should be greater than shell entrance Rho
v2. This checklist condition is applicable to all
exchangers. For such checkpoints, a dummy applicability
condition is defined that is evaluated to be true for all
exchangers (Table 2).
3. Tube length should be 8 ft, 10 ft, 12 ft, 16 ft or 20
ft (Table 3).
A worksheet is created to read the software output values
for additional user-defined calculations. This worksheet also
makes use of software parameters listed in the mapping
spreadsheet. Each software parameter is accessed in a similar
way, as a means of defining applicability and verification.
The values of the software parameter will appear in a
specific cell in the corresponding row of the worksheet. This
cell can be linked to any other user-defined calculation. The
final result should then be linked in the requirements
spreadsheet to define the verification condition.
When the program executes, it initially updates the
parameters from software output to the requirements
spreadsheet. As a result, all user-defined calculations are
automatically updated. The updated values are then used for
A file-browse dialogue box is added as a user interface to
enable easy browsing and selection of the software output file
to be checked.
The automated checklist tool is useful in the thermal design
of heat exchangers. It can be used to quickly check the
acceptability of the design configuration based on various
project, client and services requirements. The use of this tool
helps increase the productivity of the thermal designer.
Furthermore, it is easy to customize the tool for various projects, clients and services. A
customized tool reduces checking time to 50% for exchangers,
which normally have 6070 checklist points. This concept
may be extended for the use of a checklist with commercial
software. HP
The author thanks Mr. Mohan Chitale for initiating this
effort and taking it to finalization. The author also thanks
Technip management for supporting this work.
1 Heat Transfer Research Inc. (HTRI) is a
for-profit research consortium focused on studying heat
transfer and related thermal phenomena.
All comments are subject to editorial review.
All fields are compulsory.
H Ted Buehring, C.P.M.
How can we get a copy of this software
Nagesh B
Hi Sumedh, appreciate your work for creating the checklist. I too work on various projects and check thermal designs from various DECs. I think your checklist or excel tool will be very helpful to me. Can you please share that on firstname.lastname@example.com
Nothing mention about the possibility of tube ruputure. I will be happy to help.Jan
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A searchable database of project activity in the global hydrocarbon processing industry
Engineers and designers are highly skilled individuals. Forcing them to enter design changes using tables, forms and spreadsheets is unproductive and uneconomical, and it increases the likelihood of human error—this is the way that most instrumentation software systems currently work. For too long, software vendors have denied engineers and designers the simple practicality of a graphical visual engineering interface with "drag and drop" capability and inbuilt intelligence, ensuring changes are automatically replicated into all the associated data and databases.
Is 2016 the peak for US gasoline demand?
Too soon to tell
July 2016


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text:
How did you learn to drive a stick shift?
The car I want (CR-Z) is a stick shift, but I've never driven one before. I understand that it's more fun than driving an automatic, but don't know anyone with a stick that will let me destroy their clutch. How did you guys learn to do it? Is it better to just buy the car and learn the hard way?
25 Answers answer
By having a maniac of an older sister punch me every time I messed up.
A (I think) 68 Ford van, 3 speed on the column. I was 13. That was 38 ears ago.
She's still a maniac.
But, I can drive anything I get into.
Practice is all it takes.
I learned by my 1st car being a stick shift with only driving one once before that. Sure I was terrible at first but I became decent at it after a couple months.
In learning, you are going to wear the clutch and transmission drastically so I recommend buying a beat up, piece of crap car and drive it until it dies. You could also just buy your CR-Z but expect to need a fresh clutch and possibly transmission after a year or so.
Trial and error. Only thing I can say. Just takes practice.
I learned in my Toyota Starlet in 1970 something. It was hard but I was eager to learn because I did not want to hurt my car. Hills were the scariest and still are to some extent...how many years later. I think my car learned to live with the way I drove. I finally sold it to a kid for his first car after putting 350+ miles on it. You won't ruin your car. They are smart.
If you just like to ride around in your car, an automatic transmission is great. But if you really want to drive the car, you definitely need to learn to use a stick shift.
My dad tried to teach me, but after the third attempt involving his hollering and my crying, I got a friend to take over. The basic coordination is relatively simple to learn, and a few hours practice should give you a good beginner's sense of feeling for gas/clutch action. The trickier parts -- how to ride the clutch on a hill, for instance -- take lots of practice. If you have a friend with a slightly hilly driveway, take advantage of it as a practice route.
I drove only stick shifts for almost 40 years, till physical limitations made it safer and wiser to go to an automatic, but I miss that stick!
You'd really have to work hard to ruin the clutch or transmission. Get your dream car and go practice. It will be well worth the investment in time to gain the pleasure of being an active driver of your car!
I know someone that rented a stick shift car to teach their child how to drive one. Kind of sneaky...
@lynnaux: great idea! I learned on a stick shift - lived in a very hilly part of New England. A little time to learn, a clutch worn out, but I did enjoy it. However, if anyone is in a heavy traffic area, the fun soon wears off.
I was so excited to take my written permit test. Afterwards, my mom threw me the keys and told me to drive. I said "I don't know how to drive a stick." She said that I'd better learn, cause she didn't drive me there for nothing. I have had a manual ever since!
On a learning note. Go to parking lots. Make sure you practice starting from a dead stop on a hill as well. Thats another funny story.....
I was self-taught in the Ozark Mountains. It was either learn how to drive and get away, or stay there forever. I still to this day love driving a "stick", although my body hates me for it.
You should get a CR-Z, great car.
You wouldn't be the first person to order one without knowing how to drive it. A friend of mine learned to drive stick on the car she ordered when she went to pick it up. She was on her way in 20 minutes, and could drive stick like a pro within a week.
In an mgb, and the pickup my dad bought me. The mgb has a superior manual tranny, and the truck i had to learn to take the test, so kind of forced to learn then.
The hardest part is starting from a dead stop. Once the car is moving, switching between gears is relatively easy.
Try to practice somewhere that can you get the car rolling, get into 2nd gear and stop. Repeat until you are comfortable. The learn it in Reverse.
Hills and traffic come with time and patience.
I learned on a military cargo truck. They say that you can't kill that vehicle because the engine is so powerful, but I managed to stall it out twice on my first attempt. The cargo truck was the only stick I drove for 3 years, then I really fell in love with driving a stick on my friends Eclipse. After totalling my truck 6 months later, my next truck had a stick in it and I still love to drive it for that reason.
I taught my kid when he was 13. The most important point, when & how to let out the clutch. Let it out easy. As you let it out, there will come a point where you feel the clutch start to engage; the friction point. I taught my son to feel this point by NOT using the gas to get the car rolling.
On level ground in a clear area or parking lot.
1) Clutch in (push the pedal)
2) Shift into 1st gear
3) Without using the gas, let out the clutch SLOWLY. When the car starts to move, you will actually be able to feel it in the clutch.
I wouldn't recommend doing this without a manual transmission driver in the passenger seat.
I was taught by my girlfriend (in '83)
My last job actually. I had to be given a new truck, but the only one available was stick. I told them I didnt know how to drive a stick but boss said "looks like youll learn". He took me literally 100feet down the road and back, told me I would figure it out with time, and sent me on my way. I dont know how many times I stalled out in the middle of the street.
My dad taught me when I was 16. He drove me to an empty parking lot and had me stall the car a couple of times. Then he had me catch the clutch before it stalled so I could learn the "stall point". Once I learned when the car would stall, I was able to keep it from stalling and keep it running. 16+ years later and I still prefer my stick. My hubby hates that I drive a stick, but it's not his car, it's mine. :) Good luck!
@everythingkitchens: My first car was an MGB. I loved that car. Wish I had another one.
(no joke)
When I was 13 my Dad was drunk and told me he wanted me to drive him somewhere in his Isuzu Trooper... So it was a... special experience... I also refuse to ever be intoxicated because of similar experiences... on a brighter note... I can drive a stick shift since age 13 =)
I learned from 3 older brothers, a drivers ed simulator and the first car I bought was a standard shift - a VW bug, old school style.
My dad is teaching me right now in his '97 Toyota Tacoma. The toughest part for me is getting into first gear after a complete stop, otherwise, shifting gears is easy.
My dad taught me in my first car, a 96 Plymouth Neon. We just drove around the block a few times, he did it once just so I could see the general motions, then had me do it. It was even more of a challenge since the original owner of the car bought it without a tachometer, so I had to learn when to shift entirely based on feel and sound.
I mainly prefer stick for the better gas mileage, though newer automatics are starting to catch up. But it is funner to drive too. I have to remind myself occasionally that just because it has a manual transmission and 2 doors, that doesn't mean my Chevy Cobalt is a sports car.
bought a suzuki samurai as my first car. had to drive it home somehow....
Age 14.. 63 chevy pickup, 3 on the tree and no brakes... 1st car was 67 VW squareback which was followed by a lot of MGBs...
@everythingkitchens: My first stick shift was also an MGB, loved that car! I taught myself on the way home from buying it. Pretty funny, when I took it for a test drive the guy asked me if I was ever going to shift into 2nd. Drove it from San Jose to Hollister and figured it out...then we took it to San Fransisco. That was terrifying but again, I figured it out.
Thanks for the answers, guys. It's a skill I've always felt like I should learn. When I went to Ireland a few years ago, I had to rent an automatic, and the guys at the rental agency thought there was something wrong with me.


text:
Photo: Amanda Friedman/Getty Images
Danger on the Homefront
We love our homes. They provide us with warmth, shelter and, best of all, security. That's why it's so darn shocking when they turn against us. Like it or not, a house can be a virtual arsenal of lethal weapons. Whether its poisonous gasses, fiery flames, rabid bats or electrocuting appliances, even the sweetest Colonial Revival can be as armed and dangerous as Rambo on a bad day. Here are 11 ways our home sweet homes can take us down.
Ask TOH users about Healthy Home


text:
Why do Linux people always say to read the manual when it would be so much easier to just give you an answer? There's no manual! It didn't come with one.
closed as not constructive by jasonwryan, Gilles, Ulrich Dangel, Kyle Jones, manatwork Jan 1 '13 at 9:08
As it currently stands, this question is not a good fit for our Q&A format. We expect answers to be supported by facts, references, or expertise, but this question will likely solicit debate, arguments, polling, or extended discussion. If you feel that this question can be improved and possibly reopened, visit the help center for guidance.If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
There is a manual, you just have to know where it is. It can be accessed with the
The manual contains detailed information about a variety of topics, which are separated into several sections:
The notation
To avoid being told to read the manual when you ask a question, try
I think the oft quoted Chinese proverb explains it well:
While you might think "But it's only one question, why can't they just tell me the answer", it's because the forums would become so full from people asking obvious questions that it would be hard for questions about more esoteric things to be noticed. So don't think of it as them putting you off -- think of it as them helping you to help yourself.
For example, it's trivial to find the answer to "How do I use grep to do a case insensitive search", especially once you are reminded to look in the man page. But for a question like "How do I do a case insensitive search on the first field of a file, but case sensitive on the remaining fields?", there's no simple man page that will tell you the answer, and there are a multitude of ways to answer it.
I believe this is because most experts would rather teach someone how to learn, rather than teach them some isolated fact or two. Telling someone to read the man page is trying to coax that someone on to the path of learning to learn by themselves.
I recall, but cannot google up, a study that claimed that the difference between a Unix novice and a Unix expert (not so different from a Linux novice or expert, perhaps) was that the expert knew how to look things up. While attempting to find that study, I found Prompt Comprehension in UNIX Command Production, which seems to contradict the study I recall. What a shame: all you need to do is know a boatload of facts to be an expert. But in that case, telling someone to read the manual can also serve to fill the questioner with knowledge, leading to the production of another Unix or Linux expert.
There's also a short- versus long-term time investment in the newbie asking the question. It certainly takes less time to say "use ls -ltr" for example, than it would to teach the newbie about file listing and options and so forth. But if the expert has to answer more than 3 or 4 questions, the long-term value of investing in having someone read the manual becomes obvious.


text:
There are several things I would like to be better in Ubuntu Terminal Emulator.
coloring, like in the source code
Copy and paste keyboard shortcuts that I used all the time in Windows:
(Most of people here in Ubuntu use Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V keyboard shortcuts to copy and paste everywhere except the terminal! I think it's annoying for newcomers, and I don't worry about historical reasons)
- A feature to save all the output to log file
Can the terminal be a powerful feature-full user-friendly tool like a modern IDE? The Linux user can spend 30% of time in the terminal. Programmers no longer code in a notepad. Can I see the history pane? Suggestions? Directory pane? Commands list? Search for words in an output? Contextual behavior? "Search in Google" for a mouse right-click. Tips and tricks learning?
Time is money! Please, people, give me a link to the 21st - century terminal.


text:
$ F_{2n} = F_n(F_n+2F_{n-1}) $
$ F_n $ is a nth Fibonacci number. I tried by induction but i didn't get anywhere
$ F_{2n} = F_n(F_n+2F_{n-1}) $
$ F_n $ is a nth Fibonacci number. I tried by induction but i didn't get anywhere
An answer just by induction on $n$ of the equality $F_{2n}=F_n(F_{n-1}+F_{n+1})$ is as follows:
For $n=2$ we have $3=F_4=(1+3)\cdot 1=(F_1+F_3)F_2$.
To go from $n$ to $n+1$:
$$\begin{align} F_{2n+2}&=3F_{2n}-F_{2n-2}\\ &=3(F_{n-1}+F_{n+1})F_n-(F_{n-2}+F_n)F_{n-1}\\ &=F_{n-1}(3F_n-F_n-F_{n-2})+3F_{n+1}F_n\\ &=F_{n-1}(F_n+F_{n-1})+3F_{n+1}F_n\\ &=F_{n-1}F_{n+1}+3F_{n+1}F_n\\ &=F_{n+1}(3F_n+F_{n-1})\\ &=F_{n+1}(2F_n+F_{n+1})\\ &=F_{n+1}(F_n+F_{n+2}) \end{align}$$
A combinatorial interpretation:
$F_n$ is the number of ways to tile a row of $(n-1)$ squares with $1\times 1$ blocks and $1\times 2$ blocks.
The left hand side is the number of ways to tile a $1\times (2n-1)$ block with $1\times 1$ and $1\times 2$ blocks. Consider the middle square (the $(n-1)$th square.)
Case 1: It is used in a $1\times 1$ block. Then, there are $F_{n}$ ways to tile each of the $1 \times (n-1)$ blocks on each side of the middle, so $F_n^2$ total.
Case 2: It is used in a $1\times 2$ block. This block contains the $(n-1)$th square and either the $n$th or the $(n-2)$th square. In either case, there are $F_{n-1}$ ways to tile the shorter side and $F_n$ ways to tile the longer side.
We thus have $F_{2n} = F_n^2 + 2F_nF_{n-1},$ as desired.
This is very related to the answer at Showing that an equation holds true with a Fibonacci sequence: $F_{n+m} = F_{n-1}F_m + F_n F_{m+1}$
That question has the identity:
$F_{n+m} = F_{n-1}F_m + F_n F_{m+1}$
which can be modeled to your identity by letting $n=m$
$F_{2n} = F_{n-1}F_n + F_n F_{n+1}$
$F_{2n} = F_n(F_{n-1} + F_{n+1})$
Setting the expression inside the parenthesis to:
$F_{n-1} + F_{n+1} = F_{n-1}+ F_{n-1} + F_{n} = F_n + 2F_{n-1}$
We get
$F_{2n} = F_n(F_n+2F_{n-1})$
Which is your identity. So work backwards to that identity and use the proof at the linked question to prove your relation.
Here's a purely computational proof. Let $$A=\pmatrix{F_2&F_1\\F_1&F_0}=\pmatrix{1&1\\1&0}\;;$$ a straightforward induction shows that $$A^n=\pmatrix{F_{n+1}&F_n\\F_n&F_{n-1}}$$ for all $n\ge 1$. Then
$$\begin{align*} \pmatrix{F_{m+n+1}&F_{m+n}\\F_{m+n}&F_{m+n-1}}&=A^{m+n}\\ &=A^mA^n\\\\ &=\pmatrix{F_{m+1}&F_m\\F_m&F_{m-1}}\pmatrix{F_{n+1}&F_n\\F_n&F_{n-1}}\\\\ &=\pmatrix{F_{m+1}F_{n+1}+F_mF_n&F_{m+1}F_n+F_mF_{n-1}\\F_mF_{n+1}+F_{m-1}F_n&F_mF_n+F_{m-1}F_{n-1}}\;, \end{align*}$$
so $F_{m+n}=F_{m+1}F_n+F_mF_{n-1}$. Take $m=n$, and this becomes
Another direct proof, using the fact that
$$ F_n=\frac{\phi^n-(1-\phi)^n}{\sqrt5}\tag1 $$
$$ \phi=\frac{1+\sqrt5}{2},\qquad1-\phi=\frac{1-\sqrt5}{2}=-\frac{1}{\phi}. $$
From $(1)$ we have
$$ s_n\equiv\frac{F_{2n}}{F_n}=\frac{\phi^{2n}-(1-\phi)^{2n}}{\phi^n-(1-\phi)^n}=\phi^n+(1-\phi)^n $$
\begin{align} s_n-F_n&=\phi^n+(1-\phi)^n-\frac{\phi^n-(1-\phi)^n}{\sqrt5}=\\ &=\frac{1}{\sqrt5}\left[\sqrt5\phi^n+\sqrt5(1-\phi)^n-\phi^n+(1-\phi)^n\right]=\\ &=\frac{1}{\sqrt5}\left[-(1-\sqrt5)\phi^n+(1+\sqrt5)(1-\phi)^n\right]=\\ &=\frac{1}{\sqrt5}\left[-2(1-\phi)\phi^n+2\phi(1-\phi)^n\right]=\\ &=-\frac{2\phi(1-\phi)}{\sqrt5}\left[\phi^{n-1}-(1-\phi)^{n-1}\right]=2F_{n-1} \end{align}
This can be done also using the fact that
$$ F_n = \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\left(\sigma^n-\bar{\sigma}^n\right), $$
from which it is easy to get
$$ F_{2n} = F_n L_n, $$
(where $L_n$ is the $n$-th Lucas number) and we have only to prove
$$L_n= F_n+2F_{n-1},$$
that is true since $\{L_n\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ and $\{F_n+2F_{n-1}\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ are sequences with the same characteristic polynomial ($x^2-x-1$) and the same starting values $L_1=F_1+2F_0=1$, $L_2=F_2+2F_1=3$.


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Adding a little bit more luxury to Rowan Big Wool, this yarn is 70% wool and 30% silk, giving a beautiful sheen to the knitted fibre. Soft to touch and luxurious to wear this is a little bit extra for all lovers of Big Wool.
Big wool is a very popular yarn with designers and knitters alike.