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The ghosts of 'Economic Justice for All' (Part II)
As I was saying:
How did we get to the point where a meeting of the USCCB could entertain a conversation in which several bishops openly downplayed or denigrated one of the most important documents the conference ever issued? Has Economic Justice for All become so embarrassing that in order to get the conference to support a committee document on an economic crisis more perilous than any since the Great Depression its chair must pinky-swear not to publish anything that approximates the 1986 pastoral letter?
That's from my write-up of the U.S. Catholic bishops' June discussion of the document they failed to approve this morning by a vote of 134 to 85 (it required a two-thirds majority to pass). Let's give credit where it's due: In no way did the draft statement put before the bishops resemble their 1986 pastoral letter on the economy. In fact, before it was revised this morning, the draft did not even mention Economic Justice for All. Labor unions made a cameo appearance -- blink and you miss the bland reference to workers who "enjoy the right to assemble and form associations." Instead, the drafters apparently thought the bishops' statement on the economy was an appropriate venue to rehearse their concerns about gay marriage, the contraception mandate, and school vouchers. By doing so, and by producing a document so bizarrely unmoored from the topic it purports to address, the drafting committee badly misread the mood of the conference.
A few bishops spoke in support of the statement, but their endorsements were hardly ringing -- better this than nothing, they suggested. But most of the bishops who spoke up strongly criticized the document -- even in its revised form -- as too abstract and irrelevant. They did not mince words.
"If this document is not greatly changed, it should be withdrawn," said Archbishop Joseph Fiorenza -- a former president of the bishops conference. He predicted that the statement would be "lampooned" by scholars. He was joined by many long-serving members of the conference. Bishop Peter Rosazza, who was instrumental in producing Economic Justice for All, offered the following amendment for consideration by the drafting committee: "STRIKE: The whole document." He bemoaned the draft's failure to address income inequality, which is the result of our tax structures, the need to raise revenue, the preferential option for the poor -- along with its woefully inadequate treatment of the much-abused Catholic principle of subsidiarity. (Rather amazingly, the statement neglected to note that according to that principle, when a lower structure can't achieve its good goals, then the larger structure must intervene.) The bishops asked the drafting committee to consult economists, Rosazza pointed out, but they did not.
Younger bishops also voiced concerns. Bishop Thomas Tobin -- no liberal -- said, "The best thing we can do is scrap this document, go home, and find some very tangible ways to help the poor." As David Gibson notes in his report, Tobin's sentiments are reflective of many younger bishops who "believe the hierarchy should largely restrict their statements to matters of faith."
Bishop Blase Cupich criticized the "rushed" process, adding, "I don't see that I would share this with anybody, or that it would make any difference." Even the chair of theCommittee on Domestic Justice and Human Development, Bishop Stephen Blaire, who asked for the bishops' permission to draft the statement, acknowledged its shortcomings. "Several bishops came up to me and said, 'I read your letter and Im depressed.'"
Who can blame them? The short life and quick death of this statement makes you wonder: Are the U.S. Catholic bishops capable of producing a significant document that responds to the real suffering of their people? That's a subject that Archbishop Rembert Weakland addressed in his presentation at the Catholic Theological Society of America meeting last June. We've just published an adaptation of that talk: "American Pastoral: Revisiting 'Economic Justice for All.'" Give it a read. Tomorrow I'll post on Weakland's take on the reasons why today's USCCB could not duplicate the process that produced that pastoral letter.
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Do the U.S. Catholic bishops know enough about economics to say anything worthwhile about the present economic crisis in this country? As far as I know, most bishops do not have any relevant expertise in economics.
The bishops should be able to see the signs of the times and preach about how the principles of Catholic doctrine, thought and teaching can apply to the economic situation.Just a related thought..... if Catholics truly believe Jesus asks us to help the poor and the oppressed, the fact that government funds much of that aid and support should be a sign of the positive influence Catholic thought has on our country's policies.
In the Weakland article that you link to, we can read: "One of the most shocking news stories over the past year appeared on the front page of the New York Times; it chronicled the inhuman working conditions in Chinese factories that produce for Apple those electronic devices that we find so indispensable."There's been so much discussion this past year, in the context of contraception and health care, of "remote cooperation with evil". When you buy an Apple computer, is that remote cooperation with evil?
Bishops don't have to have degrees in economics to apply Catholic principles to the moral issues involved in the country's current economic condition, anymore than they need degrees in history, psychology, biology, anthropology or the law to apply the same to gay marriage, abortion, etc. It would help if they were all at least somewhat familiar with their own history with regard to unions, the fight for universal health care and, for that matter, the New Deal, but for many, that seems to be asking too much.
For sex there is no hesitation to make pronouncements on the moral dimension, and shout a simple message: no sex outside marriage, no artificial contraception, for example. Do clergy similarly have a role to play in highlighting the moral dimension of economic questions?Consumerism: is it unethical to, say, own two houses (or a house with unused bedrooms) at a time where there are so many homeless people? Less specifically, is there a principle according to which it is immoral to buy and own superfluous stuff when other people are deprived of the necessary, or is it only immoral when one can establish a direct connection between what one person has and what the other person lacks, or...? What about what parents used to say to their children to make them eat: "Finish what's on your plate, because it would be immoral to throw it away. Think of all the hungry children in Africa..." ? Is it justified to take what's not yours, like Jean Valjean stealing bread to feed his children, or to what extent does the protection of private property have priority over basic human rights? What about getting rid of something before it's broken? Is it immoral to buy a new, "better" car when the old one is still running, or is ethics irrelevant to such choices?Investments: what are the questions Catholics ought to consider as they invest their money? Is it immoral for a company to open branches abroad so as to circumvent worker protection laws, and is it immoral for the affluent Catholic to invest in such a company? Are there simple guidelines that might give clarity when trying to think of priorities in investing?
Weakland has a lot of good things to say. I agree with him that if the bishops are going to tackle this topic on a large scale, they should be prepared to do it the right way: take years, solicit lots of input from a variety of experts, hold hearings, etc.Perhaps the bishops felt that there is no way, with the election still so fresh in everyone's mind, that this document would be accepted as a good-faith and unbiased contribution to public discourse. And the bishops just completed another task that took years: revising the missal. Maybe this current group doesn't have the energy to tackle what Weakland advocates.It's not a new insight to note that the US bishops have a tremendous credibility problem. It will take decades of patience to rebuild their brand. (Whether they realize this, I am not certain; that they declined to move on this topic may be a sign that they do). I don't know if a major pastoral undertaking would help restore that credibility any more quickly. If it were outstanding, perhaps it would. The bishops might be better advised to think smaller. A lot of Weakland's specific topic suggestions are excellent. Perhaps the bishops could tackle some of them piecemeal. For example, perhaps they could say something insightful (if they can come up with some compelling insights) on the growing income gap, and the stagnation of wages in the middle and lower classes. Personally, I hope it would be something beyond, 'The gap between the well-off and the needy should be avoided. New ways of allowing the poor to flourish should be explored.' (This is not an actual quote, it's my caricature.)As I mentioned in a previous comment, there were some elements in the rejected draft that were pretty strong: the link between personal virtue and economic behavior, and the centrality of Jesus Christ. These are topics on which the bishops are credible (and they aren't particularly credible on economics), and these connections are almost completely missing from public discourse right now; it might be a genuine contribution to put them forward. Parish homilies that explored these connections would be much more edifying and challenging than parish homilies that reiterate the talking points of the Ryan budget or the Obama plan for the Fiscal Cliff.
What about health care? Think about super-expensive care that cannot be given to everyone who would benefit from it: some intensive neonatal care, some super-expensive cancer drugs that currently are only offered to those who have the best health insurance. Is that the ethically correct way to ration care - i.e. in a situation of scarcity, to provide it only to the rich - or are there alternatives? Is it moral, when you can afford it, to choose "the best health insurance", or is that too much? There are a whole range of questions which concern people individually and where, without being specific about the economic mechanisms, it would be possible for clergy to give a simple message about general principles. "Sex outside marriage is wrong" - got the message. "Owning superfluous stuff is wrong" - didn't hear that message!
Claire --It seems to me that some of your questions are unanswerable because the assumptions behind them apply to simple farming or village economic systems in which the relationship between, say, a tenant farmer and the owner of the land or the relationship between a hoe-maker and the farmer were a one-on-one relationship. In simple societies people can barter goods and services. But we do not, we cannot, barter services and goods in a society this size and this complex. We don't even know all the people who produce the varied things we buy. So it is really sort of meaningless to say you own those little Chinese or African children a glass of milk. We do owe them help of some sort. Besides, if you gave away everything to equalize distribution of goods, you would eliminate jobs here. replacing one set of poor people with a different set.So the solution to one starving farmer is not necessarily for one rich land owner to give him food from the land he himself farms, and the watch maker doesn't produce any food in the first place, so he can't stop the starvation, and when everyone is starving no one needs a watch.My point is that we have to start thinking about the morality of the relationship of individuals to the whole complex modern system in which the individual lives, not about one-to-one economic relationships. When the tenant farmer is hungry, then his landowner probably hasn't produced any food that year either, but he probably does have some money left over to buy food for both of them from some other place. Hence taxes for the welfare. And if the landlord's house is burning down, then the tenant farmer would owe him some labor to help him put out the fire. Hence taxes for fire departments.Also, we can't just think in terms of "those who work and produce goods get to eat and enjoy life". There are times when people cannot produce. There are droughts and there are losses of jobs, and lack of deman, and those unfortunate people who suffer from droughts, lay-offs, etc., are *owed* help by the rest of us. Maybe we should start thinking of government as equalizing risks of many sorts. A large portion of the citizenry should normally produce a share, but when a person can't produce whether from lack of ability or opportunity, then the others owe the non-producers. (We all risk being non-producers at times -- that especially goes for children who only consume, have never produced and can't produce (but later they *will* produce).It's all very well to insist on "responsibility" (producing what one needs oneself), but when there are insufficient opportunities to take care of oneself then the take-responsibility rule does not apply.
Ann - it would be easy enough to declare, for example, "One should not own superfluous stuff" - if there are ethical reasons to take that general stand -, and leave it to each parish to work on defining that further. We get detailed (unwelcome) directives regarding our sex lives, but none regarding our insertion into society as economic agents (except "you should give some money to the church and to charity".) Surely there is room for (also unwelcome) directives regarding how we live our economic lives!
"For sex there is no hesitation to make pronouncements on the moral dimension, and shout a simple message: no sex outside marriage, no artificial contraception, for example. Do clergy similarly have a role to play in highlighting the moral dimension of economic questions?"Yes, they do. And there is no shortage of biblical passages in the Sunday Lectionary that can serve as a starting point for highlighting the moral dimension of economic questions. This past Sunday, with the Gospel passage of the scribes who devour the houses of widows ,and the widow who gives her little all to the treasury, and the first reading with Elijah and the widow of Zarephath, are good examples.I expect that many clergy are uncomfortable drawing economic morality lessons out of these stories, because they don't feel that they are fluent in economics and the morality of economics. This is where a document from the US bishops would have a lot of practical value; it could guide preachers in drawing out the right lessons. Assuming the bishops get it right. Questions of the morality of sex are more amenable to simple answers than questions of the morality of economic behavior.
I wrote, "there is no shortage of biblical passages in the Sunday Lectionary that can serve as a starting point for highlighting the moral dimension of economic questions."I should add: there are a lot more Sunday Lectionary passages amenable to economic morality than there are to sexual morality.
@Jim Pauwels (11/14, 11:05 am) "Questions of the morality of sex are more amenable to simple answers than questions of the morality of economic behavior."Really?I suppose arguments can be made that that's the case. A counterargument would be that there's far more explicit teaching in scripture (and in Catholic tradition) about the morality of economic behavior than there is about sexual behavior. Combine that with the wealth of experience bishops have as economic actors throughout their adult lives, and I find it hard to agree fully with those who would argue that our bishops should refrain from commenting and teaching on economic matters.
(My comment published at 11:19 am was written before seeing your comment* at 11:12 am. Sorry for any confusion.)*with which I agree
"Consumerism: is it unethical to, say, own two houses (or a house with unused bedrooms) at a time where there are so many homeless people? Less specifically, is there a principle according to which it is immoral to buy and own superfluous stuff when other people are deprived of the necessary, or is it only immoral when one can establish a direct connection between what one person has and what the other person lacks, or? What about what parents used to say to their children to make them eat: Finish whats on your plate, because it would be immoral to throw it away. Think of all the hungry children in Africa ? "Hi, Claire, I think your instincts are sound here, but if you transfer them to employers exploiting employees, or property owners exploiting tenants, there are a wealth of Biblical passages that are pretty directly applicable, including applicable today all over the world, that could be the basis for what the bishops would teach.
Questions of the morality of sex are more amenable to simple answers than questions of the morality of economic behavior.I venture a guess: that the reason would be that, as they promise celibacy, they can then say whatever they wish on sexual behavior, whereas, regarding economics, they would have to practice what they preach, which immediately makes them much more prudent and realistic in advocating this or that economic behavior.
One topic that I found missing in the draft and well worth a page of principled moral guidance for US Catholics in our economic times is the place in life of personal financial debt. The ease with which one can willingly incur financial debt today in contrast to decades ago is striking to me, having watched the development, and it demonstrably has significant effects on widespread behavior. One can immediately satisfy personal needs and desires and defer the costs. A "pastoral message on work, poverty, and the economy" might do well to offer "pastoral wisdom and encouragement" on this subject, understandable by the intended audience. If carefully thought through, it might serve for a standalone document.The equivalent of the showdown at harvest time between tenant farmer and landlord commonly doesn't occur because the debt can be deferred again in some fashion, whether one is rich or poor. One can tithe on a credit card, charitably contributing assets one doesn't have, to a corporation sole that is financially bankrupt and trapped by its own debts as some of the bishops in Baltimore could explain. Relevant quotes from Jesus or Scripture could undoubtedly be found as in other matters. Claire -- The parallel sought to directives on sexuality is of limited use in my view. The simplicity of the directives about sex lives is possible only because the bishops concentrate on the mechanical aspects of transactions - who, how, when - while ignoring (or unaware of) the inescapable complexities in which such transactions and thinking about them are embedded. If depth of thought analogous to what Ann O. (11/14 1:40am) points to as necessary for economic matters were applied to ubiquitous human sexuality, it might be found to be less amenable to simplistic answers.
"One topic that I found missing in the draft and well worth a page of principled moral guidance for US Catholics in our economic times is the place in life of personal financial debt ... A pastoral message on work, poverty, and the economy might do well to offer pastoral wisdom and encouragement on this subject, understandable by the intended audience. If carefully thought through, it might serve for a standalone document."Jack - I agree.
"I venture a guess: that the reason would be that, as they promise celibacy, they can then say whatever they wish on sexual behavior, whereas, regarding economics, they would have to practice what they preach, which immediately makes them much more prudent and realistic in advocating this or that economic behavior."Not all clergy have promised celibacy. I just think that the answers for a lot of common questions of sexual morality are actually pretty straightforward."Can I go out to the bars and pick up women every night?" "No.""My boyfriend and I are engaged. Do we have to wait until we're married to have sex?" "Yes"."Can I have an abortion?" "No.""My husband and I are in graduate school. Can we use contraception to delay having children?" "No"."Should we cut taxes?" "It depends""Should we go on strike?" "It depends""Should I lay off workers?" "It depends""Do I have to include mental health treatment in worker health care benefits?" "It depends""What wages should I pay workers in Malaysia?" "It depends""Can I hire illegal immigrants?" "It depends""Can I close this plant and open one overseas?" "probably not, but it depends""Can I bust the union?" "No""Can I reclassify workers from full-time to part-time to save money?" "No""Can I pay women less than men for the same work?" "No""Can I show hiring preference to heterosexuals?" "No""If I've laid off thousands of workers, can I pay a stock dividend to stockholders and bonuses to executives?" "No"
To Jim the oracle."I am drowning in debt. Should I still give money to charity?""If I'm deep in debt but still spend money for an occasional treat, is that a form of stealing?""I can choose between saving money for retirement but not give to charity, or give money to charity but not save money for retirement and have to rely entirely on state aid (or charity if state aid no longer exists or is insufficient) when the time comes. What's the correct choice?""I cannot afford to get work done on my house except by hiring illegal workers. It's that or nothing. If I hire them the work gets done and they receive some small income. If I don't, the work does not get done and they starve. What is the right thing to do?""I chose to have kids instead of abortions, but now I can't afford daycare. Should I give my kids up for adoption, or quit work to take care of them and rely on stat aid to raise them in poverty, or stick to work and hire an illegal immigrant as a nanny? Those are my three options, Which one is most prudent?"
Claire --If we didn't buy superfluous stuff, then many, many people would be out of jobs. Also, I'm constantly amazed at what young people throw away because it's "old". However, the constant rebuying of essentials, old or not, does contribute to the number of jobs available. Itseems to me that part of the solution to "obsolescence" would be to build/make better, more durable products. But again, that would squelch to some extent the emergence of better products and inventions. The complexity of economic systems is incredible. And I'm not at all sure that having little in the way of materiall things is necessarily a good spiritually for this era. Yes, material goods can distract from spiritual goods, but that is true in even the poorest economies. In fact, as I see it, the notion that God doesn't want us to have beautiful stuff, even a lot of it sometimes, is downright anti-Christian. God is not stingy. Yes, asceticism seems necessary for the strictly contemplative life, but I don't think that many are called to that.
In fact, as I see it, the notion that God doesnt want us to have beautiful stuff, even a lot of it sometimes, is downright anti-Christian.As I see it, ownership of "beautiful stuff" is suspect. Whatever is beautiful, you want not just to enjoy but to share with others, don't you? Books, art, and what not. The place for beautiful things is perhaps in a public location such as a church, library or museum, not in a private house.
Jim P: you must be one of the very few Catholics who can and will give the one-word answers to the questions about "pelvic issues" that you did. One of the VERY few. I don't know anyone ... straight or gay ... who is that convinced that whatever the celibate magisterium says is, ipso facto, gospel.
Claire --You seem to think that what the clergy owe us are moral directives/commands. Yes, there are a few of those that are possible, and they start with the 10 commandments. But it seems to me that what the clergy would offer us ideally would be ways, methods of answering moral questions that are adequate to the circumstances we find ourselves in. In other words, they would help us to be prudent and fair. About morality and economics, Marx thought that capitalism was intrinsically immoral. (Proudhon: Property is theft.) Other economists think that capitalism is morally neutral -- as with a machine, it is what we do with capitalism that is moral or immoral. The question is, is our own economic system unfair because it favors the rich? (See the American tax system.)It seems to me that this question can be answered only if we looks at the various laws of the various capitalist nations to see whether or not the laws governing the economic relationships are fair or not. That immediately gets us into question of the common good and whether or not the (temporary) favoring of one group in the interests of the whole group is ever fair. For instance, is it fair to eliminate taxes on a company that is experimenting with alternative sources of energy which would greatly benefit the whole nation? I'd say yes. But it also seems obvious that tax loopholes for favored companies or industries which do not thereby serve the nation are not just.The fundamental question is: is it wrong for some people to have more than others? Always? Never? Sometimes? Why? Why not? Answer in 100 words or less. (Should envy be outlawed?)
Ann, I agree with your first paragraph.I don't understand economics, but I have the nagging fear that some economic behaviors that are adopted now as a matter of course will later be revealed to be absolutely wrong and maybe criminal.
Claire --The older I get the more I think that economics should be a required subject all the way back into the high schools, and I mean all high schools. I remember seeing a TV documentary years ago about an attempt to teach first graders some economic principles. I particularly remember that when one question was asked, the little ones enthusiastically answered all together, "SCARCITY!" They had gotten one message loud and clear :-) So it's possible. And with more teachers like Nate Silver, it will be done.Sometimes I think that we educated folk have a moral obligation to learn some. And that includes the bishops. And Claire. So there :-)DIGRESSION FOR BASEBALL LOVERS: Nate has a particularly interesting explanation today of why Cabrera really shouldn't get the MVP award. Beautiful mind, has that kid. And fair-minded too.
It is common to think of needy people in terms of food, shelter, warm clothing, diapers, and the like. Claire's questions at 11/14 4:02pm describe another category of people with a need that deserves the Catholic bishops' attention. Her examples struck me with the high plausibility of the questions if from ordinary people trying to do the right thing in realistic situations in our world of work, poverty, and the economy. They involve multiple conflicting effects, incommensurate degrees of good, desirability, and evil, present vs. unpredictable future, and other people's welfare, among other things. Recent discussions of intrinsic evil led easily to proper judgments. Prudential judgments are the stuff of life. Where are general principles of Catholic moral guidance available that are understandable and applicable by one who needs to answer one of these questions and act? (Looking back, I am agreeing with Ann O.'s first para. at 11/14 - 5:43 pm)
Claire --Beauty leads to God, so I say the more of it the better. And why should there be so little of it that it needs to be kept in a museum or church? I say the more the better, and besides, that makes more employment for the artists. Artists in our culture are treated badly unless they have hit shows or movies or records. If the economists could figure out a way to have shorter work-weeks for everyone, then more people could exercise their God-given artistic abilities.
"To Jim the oracle."I prefer Jim the Magic Eight Ball. Or better yet, Jim the Magic Conch.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VOlq2Lf2SMY
I am drowning in debt. Should I still give money to charity?The Magic Conch answer is, "It depends." The Super-Deluxe Version with a longer soundtrack would add, "Most debtors need to strike a balance between their duties to their creditors, to themselves and their households, and to their brothers and sisters in Christ. One of the reasons that taking on large amounts of debt can be viewed as imprudent, perhaps even sinful, is that it can crowd out our ability to care for those in need. But consider that most homeowners are in debt, some of them deeply in debt, and yet many are able to budget their income such that they are able to give alms."If Im deep in debt but still spend money for an occasional treat, is that a form of stealing?It depends. Treats are not always superfluous; they can be occasions for building loving relationships, or a panacea for depression. A debt that was freely incurred on fair terms and with understanding by both parties is a grave responsibility and is not to be lightly set aside. But my take on Catholic Social Teaching is that the Gospel imperative applies more to the creditor than to the debtor; thus, the creditor should not impose payment terms that crush the debtor. Certainly, government can play a role in this regard with prudent regulation of terms of debt.I can choose between saving money for retirement but not give to charity, or give money to charity but not save money for retirement and have to rely entirely on state aid (or charity if state aid no longer exists or is insufficient) when the time comes. Whats the correct choice?There is no simple answer. It depends on the judgment of the saver/donor, and the needs of the recipients of the alms. We have a right to a sustainable retirement. I don't think we have a right to a lavish retirement. (This is my own judgment, for what it's worth). I know people who would like to travel when they retire. That desire is not wrong, but if saving for retirement vacations is at the expense of people in dire need, then that seems out of whack to me. Also, a number of people plan, not only for their own retirement, but to preserve estates for their heirs. This is something else that must be subjected to prudence. These are very complex considerations. My view is that it is not for the church to dictate how much must be saved vs how much must be donated as alms; but it is for the church to insist that the needs of the poor can't be neglected as we determine how much to save and how much to spend on ourselves.I cannot afford to get work done on my house except by hiring illegal workers. Its that or nothing. If I hire them the work gets done and they receive some small income. If I dont, the work does not get done and they starve. What is the right thing to do?My view is that the controlling imperative of Catholic Social Teaching in this scenario is to pay a living wage, or to patronize contractors who pay a living wage. If that means that we get less work done on our house, or that we must learn to do more work ourselves - then it does. Illegal immigrants are human beings and are entitled to living wages. I understand that in the world of building/construction contractors around here, the ones who use union workers generally cost more than the ones who use non-union workers. Do we have an obligation to extend a preferential option to unionized workers? I dunno. Again, I'd say, it depends.I chose to have kids instead of abortions, but now I cant afford daycare. Should I give my kids up for adoption, or quit work to take care of them and rely on stat aid to raise them in poverty, or stick to work and hire an illegal immigrant as a nanny? Those are my three options, Which one is most prudent?You would need to decide. The contribution of Catholic social teaching in this case is to help you to see that your chief obligation is to your children, so you need to ask, "what is best for them?" I think that in real life sometimes there are more options than people can see or imagine for themselves. One of the reasons that I am proud to be associated with Catholic Charities is that they take a holistic approach to cases that come to them; they don't just give alms, but look for ways to lift clients out of poverty. Not infrequently, there are government aid programs that people aren't aware exist or that they would qualify for. Sometimes options may involve sacrifice: moving to live near a grandparent who can help with childcare, or to get away from an abusive partner, or going to night school to be able to earn higher wages, or in some cases, reforming bad habits that are root causes of poverty, like substance abuse.
I for one am delighted with the appearance of Jim the Magic Conch. I foresee a regular weekly advice column appearing in diocesan newspapers and on Catholic websites across the country!
"Jim P: you must be one of the very few Catholics who can and will give the one-word answers to the questions about pelvic issues that you did."Jim McC: when the question is, "Should I sin?", there are both succinct and long-winded ways of saying "no". Questions of economic morality are seldom reducible to, "Should I sin?"Here's the thing, though, with pelvic issues: let's extend the dialogue by a level and see what happens. Thus:My husband and I are in graduate school. Can we use contraception to delay having children? No."Um ... but ... we already are. My husband disagrees with your answer. What do I do?"At this point, the pastoral minister, or parent, or counselor, needs to put down his conch, and think and listen and pray and be willing to work with a couple and walk a journey with them. That's my opinion, anyway.
Jim the Magic Conch: that's perfect for you! But, wait, since when is "preserving estate for heirs" competing with charity on the Catholic Social Teaching radar? I think that that's a first.
You guys, we're looking at this all wrong. First of all, "Catholic left-wingers...are in despair," according to the wise and insightful William Donohue of the Catholic League. He makes this announcement in his latest press release, "Bishops Reject Left-Wing Agenda." The first reason all those left-wing radicals "lost big time" is that the bishops resolved to keep saying what they've been saying about gay marriage, the HHS mandate, etc. It's a shock, I know. But Donohue goes on: "Moreover, a vaguely worded document on the poor, which was not distributed to the bishops until they arrived at the meeting, was shot down."Nice try, left-wingers, but the bishops saw through your "vaguely worded document on the poor"! Imagine the rejoicing that would have gone on in the halls of the anti-Catholic left if the bishops had only approved this document.(That's the extent of Donohue's commentary on that topic. But you should read on for his attempt to characterize E. J. Dionne as a partisan hypocrite -- and even more to enjoy the irony of Donohue's warning about "front groups...who deceitfully use the Catholic label to advance their agenda.")
Jim P. --- What actually usable guidance (11/15 12:21am) is presented to the questioner (11/14 4:02pm) who is swamped with Christmas solicitations flooding in and asks I am drowning in debt. Should I still give money to charity?. Non-responsive generalities about "most debtors" and "most homeowners" ignore the individual and her question -- one person is not a statistic. Your hint of imprudence possibly even becoming sinful is likely to increase any vague sense of guilt already in the questioner. Is that your purpose in a brief response? Does that draw her in for more Church guidance on morality and economics or does it push her away? (Cf. decades of experience of magisterial teaching on contraception.)There is good reason to suspect that her very question could be seriously asked this year by many an individual, not all obviously poor, who might hope for useful guidance from the Church. It's too bad Claire didn't get to present her excellent set of test questions to the USCCB assembly Monday. She might have helped them start to reduce their evident incoherence on "work, poverty, and the economy", which was, unfortunately, widely reported in a nation and world agonizing over precisely those things. While we wait for them, relevant and usable Church wisdom needs to be available in the streets and blogs. Most Catholics are seldom in the pews. Then it might make a difference. (A conch is an empty shell to blow air through in order to make meaningless noise. Another metaphor might be preferred.)
Molly Wilson O'Reilly:The right wing Catholics have their Bill Donohue and he right wing Republicans have their Rush Limbaugh Both of them are so full of hot air that they could be cartoon character balloons in the Macys Thanksgiving Day Parade.
Grammar Correction:Molly Wilson OReilly:The right wing Catholics have their Bill Donohue and the right wing Republicans have their Rush Limbaugh. Both of them are so full of hot air that they could be cartoon character balloons in the Macys Thanksgiving Day Parade.
"Jim P. What actually usable guidance (11/15 12:21am) is presented to the questioner (11/14 4:02pm) who is swamped with Christmas solicitations flooding in and asks I am drowning in debt. Should I still give money to charity?"Jack - Sorry. Let me pull the string on the conch shell again for something more digestible: "The church can't and doesn't micromanage every decision for every believer. It puts forth principles to guide decisions. The questioner needs to decide." Actually, that was the Super-Deluxe conch. The Magic Conch, basic model, replies, "It depends."I take it you're not a Spongebob Squarepants fan. Pity.
The church cant and doesnt micromanage every decision for every believer. It puts forth principles to guide decisions.That describes Roman Law from which Canon Law is derived. We in the U.S. base our laws on English Common Law, which is more specific than general and has less room for personal decision.
The conch shell symbolizes civilization in "Lord of the flies"; its sound brings people together. Conch shells were found in Hebron, Jericho, etc., and are believed to have been used to call people to battle.
Three educated American adults (and possibly more) have never heard of a Magic Conch. They associate the conch with Triton, who came to mind this year because of Libya, where he used to live, and Sandy, which he may have caused by blowing through his conch.


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I heard this phrase a few times but I still can't grasp its meaning. Does it mean, "as much as you would like"?
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You can translate it as "Knock yourself out". It means "Go ahead and do that thing, if you want to". Sometimes it's said sarcastically, as if the thing the other person wants to do/try isn't going to work out. Sometimes it's just used as "Please, go ahead", without a sarcastic tone. If there is an exclamation mark after it (or the spoken equivalent) it's probably sarcastic.
I usually see it written as 思い切ってどうぞ.
思い切る, as you might guess from the letters, literally means "to stop deliberating/thinking". It can actually have two meanings: "to give up", or to "decide". That said, when it's used as 「思いっきり」, it always means to do something decisively, with gusto and without reservation.
思いっきり has been idiomatized to the point that it no longer necessarily modifies a verb; it can serve to emphasize an adjective as well: 「彼は思いっきり弾けた人格だ」(he's got a extremely spontaneous personality).
I like the translation "absofuckinglutely go ahead", but that might be too casual (in English) for what you're looking for.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I'm Spiritual — He's Not. Can Our Relationship Work?
Dear Arielle & Brian,
I have been married for 10 years. Three years ago I began a serious spiritual path to discovering the awesome abundance of possibilities in the spiritual world. I have asked my husband to join me on this journey. I have told him that I love him and I long for more romance and spontaneity. His response was very negative and he says I am forcing him into something he is not comfortable with. He surfs, windsurfs and plays guitar and he says that this is way of connecting to the Spirit. Do you think a marriage can survive if one partner embraces the spiritual journey and the other does not?
With love,


text:
beet it
I just can't hold back any longer. I have to start showing some things from Spring '08. Knitbits and the Berroco web site will be rolling out the new season in a few short weeks, but I simply can't wait.
I love this thing! Stuck in our toddler book, I fear it will get over looked. Knitting this was so much fun – making this length of yarn turn into a beet with luscious beet greens and all. I am so "there" with the fast growing (whoops, no pun was intended, but…) trend of knitting and crocheting food. Sure, it's a bit silly. Sure, it's totally impractical. Sure, we said it was a children's toy, but I made it to amuse ME. Look for the dk weight of Berroco Comfort in stores soon. (That's what the beet is knit in). As a matter of fact, we started shipping it today. Now, I need to get busy on some more vegetables. I am determined to conquer the romanesco cauliflower. It's soooo cool. Maybe a carrot first though.
Sharon in California #
*Love it!* My grandson likes to play grocery with his little toy shopping cart. Now I can knit him some "wholesome" food to enrich his consumer play. Keep designing – I can't wait to knit these veggies.December 18, 2007
Katey Chieffe #
Who wouldn't go to the Shrute Beet Farm B&B!! Your pattern is such an awesome tie-in!!! But the workmanship and patterning is fabulous!December 18, 2007
Meg Caulmare #
Good morning, Norah,
What fun to find this blog and your wonderful beet right at the top! You must've seen Jan Messant's great books, Knitted Garden, Knitted Farmyard, Knitted Historical Figures…? Those titles are out of my memory banks, so they're approximate. There are WONDERFUL things to knit when we get "outside the box" (although Arans and Fair Isles never lose their charm). I can't wait to see your knitted cauliflower – that link is amazing.
Keep Designing (as if you could help it…).December 18, 2007
Marilyn #
thanks for that link. I was never more enthralled by cauliflower in my life. perhaps if i read more of that site, i'll understand a lot more of your book. it's me, not your writing. (I have an illness type thing that eats at the grey matter, or gray matter, if you prefer. I'd prefer if it left my gray matter just as it was, however, apparently that is not an option. oh, vell.) the part about not understanding science so much anymore that irks me the most, is that i went to a g-d math-sceince high school, yet now i can't understand science in knitting. oh, the world is a cruel, cruel place. {that's to be read with a witchy tone, please)
Love that beet!December 18, 2007
Nice califlower link! I love fractals and yours rock! The beet is so yummy and amusing!December 19, 2007
felting_maniac #
OMG! this is sooo cute!December 20, 2007
Cath #
That's a beautiful beet. I love the leaves especially. And I look forward to your design for a knitted Romanesco cauliflower!December 20, 2007
Diane #
I am sensing the birth of a Romanesco cauli-beret…or maybe a Gaultier-esque bikini top? nah….
Either way, it would be a great vehicle for learning shibori!December 27, 2007
I love your knitted beet! A romanesco cauliflower would be awesome! Ooo, what about a stalk of brussles sprouts? Maybe some celery? They ARE fun for adults. But, kids play with fake kitchen/food tools and ingredients all the time, so why not fun knitted toys instead of cheap plastic that may or may not have lead paint? I think the fact that you did greens on your beet is even cooler than if you'd just done a beet by itself. Great job!January 7, 2008
Jane Ertman #
I just found your web site. Where is the pattern for the beets. I also would love a pattern for a textured cauliflower.January 21, 2008
Les #
that is so cool! You have a perfect pallet of colours in that yarn!January 22, 2008
Nancy #
I LOVE LOVE LOVE the beet! Is there any other way to get this pattern? The ordering process seems a bit complicated. Perhaps Berroco could sell it as a one-off? Overall, a knitting food book sounds like an awesome idea, and who better to do it than you, Norah.February 13, 2008
Sarah #
I LOVE the beet. It's a work of art and is so much more sophisticated than I ever thought a knitted beet could ever be. Until more vegetables come out, you just can't beat Norah's Beet… okay no more punishment from me.
Seriously, the beet is a thing of beauty and too nice to be slobbered on by a child. This should be reserved for the adults to drool over.February 16, 2008
Virginia Thomas #
Where can I get the patterns of Beet It and other knit vegetables?February 26, 2008
Kia Flowers #
How can I find the beet? I know its in the toddlerbook? phamplet?. yes, more veggies. it would be a great gift for my PTJuly 25, 2009
Searched the web for knitted vegetables, and I must say that this was one of my favourites! Love it!May 23, 2015


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The 12 Most Insane Things You Can Buy on the Internet
#6. Powerskips
For anywhere between $400 and $2000, the Internet dares us to buy gas-cylindered, three-foot tall titanium devices called powerskips. Why would you want them? Because they let you run at incredible speeds and jump over cars, that's fucking why:
These cyborg kangaroo feet will turn you into a superhero, and most of us would throw an orphan into a volcano to earn that distinction. This website inexplicably offers both a standard and a pro version, because evidently there is a large enough market for robot speedboots to divide into amateur and professional classifications.
The only real drawback we can see is that if you slip or misstep, you're going to crack your head open at roughly the speed of sound, which isn't even that bad when you consider that the resulting obituary would be the single most entertaining thing ever published.
#5. Wingsuits
Between $600 and $1500 will buy you a Phoenix-Fly polyester bodysuit that allows you to glide through the air at incredible speeds, provided you can locate an airplane or cliff you're willing to fling yourself from and you have absolutely no reason whatsoever to live:
The suit basically turns your body into a giant birth defect complete with webbed armpits and a webbed crotch, so we figure anyone who willingly spends over a grand on one was probably going to jump off a mountain anyway.
Still, sort-of flying is seriously cool, despite the fact that to actually utilize your wingsuit you'd have to charter an airplane, which could wind up costing you just as much as the suit every single time you want to use it. So really, you might as well just send Phoenix-Fly your bank account information and throw yourself out of a helicopter. The end result will be the same and you'll save everyone some time.
And speaking of saving time, most of the suits can be put on in just three minutes, putting an end to those embarrassing emergency skydiving gaffes we all know too well.
#4. The Levitating Hover Scooter
It's clunky, it's expensive and it looks completely stupid, but fuck it. It's a hoverboard.
Nothing says "fuck it, it's a hoverboard" quite like this picture.
The Levitating Hover Scooter rides around on a cushion of air created by using a rubber skirt to make an airtight seal against the ground. While it's possible to build your own using a few leaf blowers and garbage bags, you can always buy a preassembled one for $17,000 from Hammacher Schlemmer if you just can't wait to start looking like a douchebag from the future.
On the plus side, the Hover Scooter can travel up to 15-mph, which is slower than a bike but faster than walking, and completely free of any pesky exercise. It's essentially the Jetsons version of a Segway, or a giant Roomba with handlebars. Hammacher Schlemmer actually makes a Roomba, which sheds some light on the Hover Scooter development process.
"Stand on this, Ted. I've got an idea."
#3. A Jetpack
Are you an adventure seeker with a small fortune and balls so big they have their own death wish? Just head on over to Jet P.I.'s website and buy a jetpack.
Unfortunately, the website has a little disclaimer saying that their jetpacks will only be sold to "qualified individuals who have undergone extensive training," giving young sci-fi fans a devastating introduction to the "need a job to get experience/can't get a job without experience" Catch-22 long before it ruins their mid-to-late 20s.
Jet P.I. doesn't provide a price for its retail jetpack either, probably because the number is so large it hasn't been invented yet, but its pilots are available for public appearances for anywhere between $2,000 and $25,000. So all's not lost, kiddo! For the price of a new Toyota you can watch a retired stuntman have the time of his fucking life.
#2. A Tank
In the UK, when the army winds up with a surplus of armored fighting vehicles due to a redesign or a botched order, they gather the extras, remove their weapons and then market them to the general public. This is another way of saying "you can buy a tank, on the Internet."
We suddenly regret everything we have ever purchased up to this point.
According to this poorly maintained website written entirely in comic sans, all it takes to have your very own piece of armored joy is $60,000 and an import license. Accepted methods of payment include cash and wire transfer, because anyone buying a tank out of pocket using a mysterious European bank account is clearly a legitimate enthusiast and not Alan Rickman from Die Hard.
"Do you accept partially singed cash with blood on it?"
Sadly, tanks aren't exactly street legal, so unless you have a farm or a private island or something, you aren't going to get to drive it a whole lot without getting shot and/or going to jail.
#1. Uranium
Uranium, the heavy radioactive isotope that turned Hiroshima and Nagasaki into craters and poisoned subsequent generations of their people, can be yours for about $200, which you may notice is less than the cost of an Xbox 360 and at least twice as bad for you.
Reading like an Overstock.com for supervillains, United Nuclear's website proudly states that no federal license is required to purchase their radioactive materials, and that their radiation counts are accurate and not affected by alpha radiation counts. Amazingly, at the time of this writing, most of their uranium stock is sold out, which makes us wonder what type of person makes bulk purchases of radioactive material over the Internet.
"Their prices are competitive but fair."
United Nuclear insists that its radioactive ores are only meant for scientific research and "professional collectors." While we're willing to believe there are people enthusiastic enough about tanks to buy them to drive around scaring the shit out of farm animals, we have to believe that the "professional uranium collector" demographic consists almost entirely of cat owning billionaires who have fed at least one secret agent to sharks.
When not writing articles for Cracked.com, Andre can be found furiously scribbling science fiction on the back of cocktail napkins at his website, www.ashtreehill.com.
Do you have something funny to say about a random topic? You could be on the front page of Cracked.com tomorrow. Go here and find out how to create a Topic Page.
For more must-buy purchases, check out 7 Items You Won't Believe Are Actually Legal. Or find out how you can be an Internet superhero, in 8 Awesome Cases of Internet Vigilantism.
And stop by our Top Picks (Updated 1.29.2010) to see our new office mascot: The granrojo jellyfish.
And don't forget to follow us on Facebook and Twitter to get dick jokes sent straight to your news feed.


text:
Unlike rdesktop, when I press ALT + F4 in remmina, it doesn't react in the Windows system, but instead closes the remmina window.
Any thoughts?
Remmina has this configurable in the 'Preferences' -> tab 'Keyboard' -> Field 'Grab keyboard'. On my Ubuntu installation this is the right Ctrl key.
Works for me and seems to behave like a toggle key. Pressing it again makes modifier keys working on the local machine again.


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Guilty Verdicts in Liu Trial
The Former Campaign Treasurer, Fundraiser for City Comptroller John Liu Were Found Guilty of Various Charges Involving Campaign Fraud.
A federal jury found two former associates of New York City Comptroller John Liu guilty Thursday of various counts of campaign-finance fraud, a setback for the comptroller who vowed to continue his bid for mayor amid renewed questions about his campaign's viability.
The jury convicted Xing Wu "Oliver" Pan, a real-estate developer and a fundraiser for Mr. Liu, of conspiring to commit wire fraud as part of a scheme to defraud the city of government matching funds. Mr. Pan's co-defendant in the case, Jia "Jenny" Hou, Mr. Liu's former campaign treasurer, was acquitted of that charge.
Both Mr. Pan and Ms. Hou were found guilty of attempted wire fraud. Ms. Hou was also found guilty of obstruction of justice and making false statements to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Both face a maximum of 20 years in prison and are scheduled to be sentenced Sept. 20—10 days after the mayoral primary. Their attorneys said they disagreed with the verdict and vowed to appeal.
Mr. Liu, the first Asian-American to be elected to citywide office, was not charged with any crime and has denied any wrongdoing. At the trial, in Manhattan federal court, a prosecutor alleged Mr. Liu had to have known about the unlawful practices in his campaign; Mr. Liu has denied that, and he promised Thursday evening to continue his bid for mayor undeterred.
At a campaign stop in Brooklyn, Mr. Liu said he had "nothing to hide" and he had a "clear conscience." He described Ms. Hou as a "good person" and said he continued to believe in her.
"I'm proud of the way that my campaign has been conducted," he said. "This is an investigation that has been going on now for almost four years, including tapping my phones, interrogating thousands of my supporters. It is what it is. I'm moving forward with my campaign, and at the end of the day the voters of this great city will decide."
Veteran political observers said that the convictions in the case—plus trial testimony from another longtime aide that she illegally offered to reimburse donors for their contributions—could jeopardize Mr. Liu's ability to get matching funds and become a campaign distraction.
"It's a black mark and a sad day and calls into question, if the comptroller can't police his own campaign operation, how effective is his oversight of taxpayer dollars," said Dick Dadey, executive director of Citizens Union, a civic group.
Costas Panagopoulos, director of the Center for Electoral Politics and Democracy at Fordham University, said the guilty verdicts put Mr. Liu "on the defensive."
"It's unclear how much he will be able to distance himself, given how it may make sense to some people that he was aware of these things," he added.
U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara, who oversaw the case, said in a statement Ms. Hou and Mr. Pan "stuck a knife into the heart" of the city's campaign-finance law as part of a scheme "to corruptly advantage" Mr. Liu's campaign.
"Cases like this give the people of New York yet another reason to be troubled by the electoral process," said Mr. Bharara, who is now prosecuting a string of public-corruption cases against city and state politicians.
When the verdicts were read, Ms. Hou and Mr. Pan showed no emotion and stared straight ahead. They both left the courthouse without commenting. The jury's split decision on the conspiracy count left in question with whom Mr. Pan conspired, the defendants' attorneys said.
Gerald Lefcourt, Ms. Hou's attorney, described the verdict as "unjust" and said his client was not guilty of any crimes. "Unfortunately, she got caught up in the middle of an obsessive quest to get John Liu," he said. Mr. Lefcourt said he believed the government's investigation into Mr. Liu "is still going."
Irwin Rochman, Mr. Pan's attorney, said his client was "collateral damage in the government's war against John Liu."
During their single day of deliberating, the jurors didn't ask for any testimony transcripts or any of the dozens of exhibits produced at the 2½-week trial.
Juror German Cruz of the Bronx was asked by reporters with whom the jury believed Mr. Pan had conspired. "There are plenty of people involved," he said, not explaining further.
Mr. Cruz said Mr. Liu's name hardly came up during their deliberations but he believed "there was a hint that he knew" about the alleged corruption. Explaining why jurors convicted Ms. Hou, Mr. Cruz said, "Because she filed the paperwork."
At trial, the government presented seven witnesses who said they funneled illegal contributions to the Liu campaign at two events, including one Mr. Pan helped organize in what turned out to be a sting conducted by the FBI. They testified that they signed cooperation agreements to avoid possible prosecution.
One witness, Sharon Lee, Mr. Liu's former press secretary and longtime confidante, testified she offered to reimburse donors to her boss's campaign. She was not charged, but she told the jury she knew what she did was wrong. Mr. Liu said he was disappointed in her, but he said she will remain on his campaign.
The verdict raises uncertainty about whether Mr. Liu will receive public matching funds from the city's Campaign Finance Board. Without the $3 million in public funds he is hoping to get, Mr. Liu would be hamstrung in his ability to hire staff, run advertisements and otherwise mount a vigorous campaign.
To be eligible for matching funds, campaigns have to show that they have complied with the law. The board will determine in the coming months which candidates "have qualified for payment, considering all the information available," a board spokesman said.
—Andrew Grossman, Chad Bray and Joe Jackson contributed to this article.
Write to Sean Gardiner at firstname.lastname@example.com and Michael Howard Saul at email@example.com


text:
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text:
Hey there! Want a strategy game with a twist? Fog of War, yes that's what I said, Fog of War! There will be signups open for a maximum of and the game is going to be a risk alike game. You expand and then eventually conquer . The twist in this will be that you wont know your location on the map,
Well? Want to sign up? Well then just post in the thread!


text:
A friend of mine told me this was a great place to get some technically competent ideas from knowledgeable people. I am new here so please pardon if I sound like a n00b.
I have been tasked with finding a suitable replacement for our backup solution. What we have in place now is a vendor box that stores our backups locally then transfers them to some off site place over the internet. Its a cool solution but expensive in terms of monthly costs in relation to the small amount of storage we get (150GB).
I see a ton of possibilities but am unsure which would really be the best for our situation. Here is what I want to achieve:
- Full coverage of 5 servers with plenty of room to expand
- Can backup Exchange, SQL Server, all on the fly.
- Capacity for at least 1TB per rotation
- Have off-site capability, either by physical transport of media or sent over network
I have thought of several possible ideas but would really like to get some ideas from other engineers that have tackled the same problem in the last six months.


text:
Seoul Seeks Ability to Make Nuclear Fuel
WASHINGTON—South Korea is pressing the Obama administration for U.S. permission to produce its own nuclear fuel, a move that nonproliferation experts said could trigger a wider nuclear-arms race in North Asia and the Middle East.
The negotiation between Seoul and Washington, though part of a broader, long-term civilian nuclear cooperation agreement, is taking place as nuclear pressures swell on both sides of the Korean peninsula.
North Korea has expanded its atomic-weapons capability in recent months. It announced Tuesday that it was reopening a reactor complex used to harvest weapons-grade plutonium. Those actions have fueled calls in South Korea for the government in Seoul to respond by developing its own atomic-weapons capability.
- Won Slumps on North's Threats
- North Korea Threatens More Nuclear Arms
- Pyongyang Halts South Korean Workers' Entry Into Industrial Park
- Kaesong Park Closure Would Hurt Both Sides of the Border
- Anatomy of an Old Nuclear Facility
- U.S. Moves Missile Destroyers Near Korea
- China Conflicted on Stance Toward the North
- Japan Reacts to Threat
- North Korea Eclipses Iran as Nuclear Threat
- On Front-Line Island, Stoicism and Economic Worries
South Korea's government has reassured Washington during the negotiations that it isn't seeking to develop the ability to build nuclear weapons. "This government has no intention at all of pursuing nuclear capabilities in terms of weapons," said a senior government official in Seoul.
But American lawmakers and proliferation experts are concerned that the technologies Seoul is seeking—the ability to enrich uranium and reprocess spent nuclear-reactor fuel—would provide it with the key technologies to produce the fissile materials for a bomb.
That capacity could further inflame tensions between the Koreas and risk sparking a broader arms race in Northeast Asia, potentially including Japan and Taiwan.
"Mutual animosities are feeding off each other on the Korean peninsula," said Tom Moore, who served for the past decade as the senior adviser on proliferation issues at the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. "South Korea has no economic or practical reasons to engage in these activities at this time."
U.S. negotiators fear that allowing South Korea to develop any of the requested technologies would have knock-on effects across the Middle East and Asia, where the U.S. has sought in recent years to seal deals that forbid countries from producing their own nuclear fuel. Jordan, Vietnam and Saudi Arabia could demand the same terms, and it would reinforce Iran's desire to continue with its nuclear program, these people worry.
"It could get to the point where you could no longer rely" on the current nonproliferation framework, said Mr. Moore, who is now with the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington.
By as early as next month, according to officials briefed on the diplomacy, South Korea and the U.S. are seeking to conclude the renegotiation of a 1972 nuclear-cooperation pact under which the U.S. provides Seoul with nuclear fuel and technology.
South Korea, however, is seeking to significantly increase its own technological capabilities as part of the agreement, according to these officials, so it can enrich uranium and reprocess the spent fuel discharged from the country's fleet of 22 nuclear-power reactors.
South Korea said it needs to be able to enrich uranium on its own to provide a steady supply of nuclear fuel for these reactors. It also said it needs the ability to reprocess the spent fuel in order to better store the waste, which is expected to reach 10,000 tons by 2016.
"They are pushing hard for this reprocessing ability," said Sen. Bob Corker (R., Tenn.), who met with senior South Korean officials last week in Seoul, including President Park Geun-hye, who is planning a visit to Washington in May. "There is a lot of national pride in this."
Mr. Corker, the ranking Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, stressed that Ms. Park and other senior South Korean officials said their government has no desire to pursue atomic weapons.
But he said he was struck by how many other South Korean politicians, including ruling party member Chung Mong-joon, said Seoul now needs to reconsider its long-standing pledge not to pursue an atomic bomb.
"For what it's worth, two-thirds of the population have said they'd like the country to have nuclear weapons," Mr. Corker said, referring to a recent South Korean poll.
Two opinion polls taken in the immediate aftermath of North Korea's third nuclear test, on Feb. 12 found over 60% support for nuclear weapons to be based in South Korea. Support levels are lower when the consequences of such a move are accounted for, including a potentially weakened alliance with the U.S.
The Obama administration has staunchly opposed allowing countries seeking nuclear-cooperation with the U.S. to engage in enrichment or reprocessing, because either path could be used to create the fissile material required to create an atomic weapon.
North Korea has mastered both technologies, according to the United Nations nuclear watchdog, the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Both the Obama and George W. Bush administrations pressed the United Arab Emirates to agree to a nuclear-cooperation agreement in 2009 that explicitly forbids the Arab country to produce any of its own nuclear fuel.
President Barack Obama called the successful completion of the U.A.E. deal the "gold standard" for future U.S. nuclear-cooperation agreements. Washington has been seeking to replicate these same terms in negotiations it is currently engaged in with Seoul, Amman, Hanoi and Riyadh.
All of these capitals, however, have balked at agreeing to similarly rigorous terms, citing both economic and security reasons, according to U.S. officials who have taken part in the negotiations.
South Korea has argued that it shouldn't be wholly reliant on outside counties for the nuclear fuel that powers much of its electrical supply. South Korea has stressed that the reprocessing technology it is seeking to master, called pyro processing, is crucial to managing its growing nuclear waste, which could potentially pose an environmental threat.
South Korea says it will agree to extensive monitoring by the IAEA of all its nuclear sites to guard against any proliferation fears. Japan has a nuclear cooperation agreement with the U.S. dating back to the 1980s that allows Tokyo to reprocess the spent fuel from its nuclear reactors.
South Korea politicians are also striking a nationalist tone, arguing that the U.S. shouldn't deny Seoul the same technologies that North Korea has acquired. Pyongyang kicked out IAEA inspectors in 2002 and pulled out of the U.N.'s nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, which seeks to halt the spread of nuclear weapons.
On Tuesday, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry met in Washington with his South Korean counterpart, Yun Byung Se, and discussed the nuclear-cooperation agreement.
But the top American diplomat and other U.S. officials have remained silent about the state of the negotiations.
South Korea's current nuclear pact with Washington expires in 2014, but U.S. and South Korean officials said the terms of a new deal would need to be agreed upon by June in order to gain congressional approval by year-end. South Korea is currently totally reliant on uranium imports to fuel its reactors, and between 20% and 30% comes from the U.S.
The U.S. has had a checkered history with South Korea on the issue of nuclear weapons.
Seoul formally renounced in 1992 the pursuit of atomic explosives in a declaration that called for the "denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula."
Just two years later, the Clinton administration threatened military strikes on the North when the U.S. and IAEA discovered that Pyongyang was diverting plutonium from its Yongbyon nuclear reactor for a secret atomic weapons program.
Seoul was caught by the U.S. pursuing a secret nuclear weapons program in the 1970s, under the leadership of Park Chung Hee, a general and the father of South Korea's current leader. Mr. Park was concerned about the calls by then-President Jimmy Carter for the U.S. to pull its remaining troops out of the Korean peninsula.
Similarly, Sen. Corker said he heard concerns from Ms. Park and other South Korean leaders about the long-term commitment of the U.S. to maintain a military presence in Asia, in part, because of Washington's fiscal issues. The lawmaker said this explained why some South Korean politicians believed Seoul needed to play a greater role in the country's defense.
"I assured her we will be there for them," Mr. Corker said of his meeting with South Korea's president.
—Alastair Gale in Seoul contributed to this article.
Write to Jay Solomon at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
My mom and sister are taking my tickets to the Titans vs Hawks so that leaves me the odd man out Lame...
I am looking to get a pair of tickets I thought I would check here before I check the open market.
Thank you.
Return to [ SEAHAWKS CLASSIFIEDS ]


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Let's say I have two probability amplitude functions given by $\psi_1$ and $\psi_2$. That is, $\psi_i:\Sigma\rightarrow\mathbb{C}$ for some domain $\Sigma$ with $\int_\Sigma|\psi_i|^2=1$ for $i\in\{1,2\}$. Is there a canonical distance metric that can measure how "similar" these functions are?
I'm thinking of something similar to the Wasserstein or "Earth Mover's" metric for probability distributions. The $L^2$ distance (subtract, square, and integrate) doesn't work here since $\psi$ and $c\psi$ are the "same" in a quantum-mechanical sense for all $c\in\mathbb{C}$ with $|c|=1$.
[This is a follow-on to my other question]


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Firstly, I'd like to say that we've had quite a few updates to Tudumo over the last few weeks, as feedback has come in and bugfixes have happened. So if you're not sure if you're running the latest version, go to the help menu and click "Check for updates". I usually post changes over at the Google Group if you're interested.
Now, today's tip. One benefit to using tags as compared to folders is that you can add more than one tag to each action. This is great because you don't rely on only one association - so you don't have to decide upfront how you want to structure your actions.
But there's another trick - a bit of an easter egg. When filtering by a tag (let's say "@Home") and you want to see items with "fishing" as well, hit the control key and click on the second tag. This will perform an "OR" in programmer-speak, and essentially show you only actions that have either "@Home" or "fishing" in them.
Tudumo Tip - selecting multiple tags
Posted by Richard
3 comments:
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One of our family favorites, and so easy!!
Skillet Gnocchi with Chard & White Beans
From EatingWell: January/February 2009
In this one-skillet supper, we toss dark leafy greens, diced tomatoes and white beans with gnocchi and top it all with gooey mozzarella. Serve with a mixed green salad with vinaigrette.
419 Reviews for Skillet Gnocchi with Chard & White Beans
This is a "go to" dish in our house and has been since discovering it a few years ago. I make it just as the recipe states except for using three instead of four cloves of garlic (personal preference) and using fresh spinach instead of chard as I always have spinach on hand. As good as it is on the night I make it, it is even better the next night for dinner. Highly recommend.
Adapting to what was on hand I browned the gnocci first and used kale and home canned tomatoes (fresh ones soon!) adding plenty of onion, garlic and Italian seasonings. Also tossed in some snow peas fresh from the garden and cooked just until tender crisp. I also used home canned garbanzo beans. Topped with cheese and fresh basil. Delicious! Needed salt with home canned ingredients. I'll add some sweet pepper or banana pepper next time. Quick, easy one skillet recipe.
Great dish - I noticed that many cooks who downgraded the recipe did not actually follow the instructions. The gnocchi cooks in the skillet - no need to boil it before hand. This is a simple dish - no need for extra steps and that ruins the texture of the dish.
Wow, I loved this! I added extra Italian seasoning, garlic, and mozzarella and it was to die for! I went for the mildest chard - green chard - and was very satisfied. It wasn't bitter at all, it actually tasted somewhat sweet.
I was even able to accommodate my gluten intolerant brother by boiling roughly cut potatoes for him to have instead of the gnocchi.
Very delicious!


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Disposition Advocacy
Practical Disposition Solutions for Kids
This 93 page comprehensive manual is designed for juvenile defenders, judges, probation officers, state attorneys and mental health providers who interact with children in the delinquency system in Florida. It provides cost effective solutions for treatment as opposed to commitment. It gives imaginative and resourceful ideas that hold children accountable but still inspire them towards rehabilitation. These resources help connect each child to their communities and to adult mentors. There are links to many resources in Florida that are free. It was written by the staff at the Juvenile Justice Center.
- Consider getting a mental health or psychological evaluation early in the case so the report is available by disposition.
- Request a psycho educational evaluation for school issues. Request in writing that the school do it.
- Have the child evaluated by a psychiatrist to determine the need for medication. See if the medication improves mood stability and impulse control afterwards. Target and Wal-mart offer many $4 prescriptions.
- Consider getting the child a substance abuse evaluation and then have them get into an outpatient program or attend AA/NA for teens. It is free! If their parent is a substance abuser, get the teen into Alateen. Again it is free and they meet in every city in the US. Call for the nearest meetings.
- Consider having any of the above evaluators as witnesses at the disposition hearing to testify.
- Bring forth any witnesses that can show that the child has remorse, has paid restitution or is remedying some of the underlying issues.
- Bring any relatives, parents, teachers, neighbors or ministers to court to testify on behalf of the child.
Your client:
Consult with your client about his or her ideas for disposition.
- Prepare the child to testify and dress appropriately.
- Have the child prepare a letter to the judge for disposition.
- Have the child prepare a book report on a relevant issue
- If the child is headed for a residential placement, consider an educational placement or private facility first. Look at getting the child a McKay Scholarship to a private school. Then, look at state residential placements that meet the needs of your client. Have the director of the school or placement testify about whether they will accept the child and the services they provide.
- Try to persuade the parents to agree with your solutions or to find a better one.
- If the child is also in foster care, consider the placements in dependency court first such as foster care, group foster care or even a crisis stabilization unit or residential mental health facility or residential treatment facility as opposed to a residential delinquency program.
- Have the parent apply for medical insurance for the child with Florida Kid Care.
Your Dispositional Report:
- Write a memorandum to the judge summarizing your solutions for the child.
- Attach report cards and any letters from people who know the child.
Sources of Support:
- Post a question to the over 350 lawyers in Florida on our listserv.
- Email us and we can help or post your questions for you on the listserv.


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Tag Archives: Previews
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Heroes of Loot 2
Heroes of Loot 2 Brings More of the Original to Love
Heroes of Loot 2 is an update to the original that brings even more to love of the original. This time around the player chooses two player types to take into the dungeon, switching between them in the game as needed.
Heroes of Loot 2 is 50% off right now for launch.
After their job, of keeping the dungeons in balance, was done, our heroes needed a new job. Roaming the lands they found a call for heroes, a castle in need, possible even a damsel in distress?
Pick two heroes to take into the adventure, controlling both heroes and using their special skills to navigate the dangerous castle hallways, rooms and floors. Switching between the two characters to solve quests, puzzles, and of course clear the dungeons of all evil.
Posted June 9, 2016 by Jeff Scott
Human Resource Machine
Human Resources Corporation, a fun programming introduction game is available now
Human Resources Corporation, from some of the same fine folks that brought us World of Goo is a puzzle games that makes some of the basics of programming into a fun little exercise.
The premise is that the player is a new recruit in a corporation that need to tell other in game characters how to move and act by giving a set of program commands to complete tasks. It's a great introduction to the logic used in programming and a fun little game with great personality. Which is expected considering the team that created this.
Posted June 3, 2016 by Jeff Scott
Temple Run 2
Temple Run 2 Update - Blazing Sands Expansion Available Now
Temple Run 2 has done it again. Expanded into a whole new world with the Blazing Sands expansion. Available now in the game.
Touch Arcade notes:
It's called "Blazing Sands," and as you can see from the above trailer, you'll be running through canyons along side raging rapids and Egyptian-y looking statues while marauding vines are smacking you in the face… Which really isn't much of a surprise as vines in video games seem to be jerks almost 100% of the time. Of course there's new stuff to unlock too between new outfits and Blazing Sands artifacts. If you collect 'em all, you'll even get a swanky new hat.
Posted June 2, 2016 via Touch Arcade
3D robot puzzle game Mekorama is fun, charming, and unique
From Martin Magni, the developer of the great Odd Bot Out, Mekorama hit the App Store this week. This charming puzzle game has the player guide a robot through a series of very unique 3D puzzles. The puzzles have shades of Monument Valley without the Escher inspired vibe.
One of the features that really sets this game apart from others is the integrated level editor. This lets players create their own levels and share them via a simple QR code integrated image. Take a look at the new levels shared on Twitter with the #Mekorama hashtag. I've even created one to test the path finding skills of that little robot.
Mekorama is free in the App Store with a pay what you want price model.
Posted May 17, 2016 by Jeff Scott


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American Standard 4281.014.021 Bone Champion 4 Toilet Tank with Performance Flushing System
Offer Ends
Contact for Pricing
Call (800) 444-5783, Live Chat, Request a Quote We want to help make your remodel easy and affordable! Please call or chat during business hours using the links at the top of our site to take advantage of this special offer.
Low Flow Toilet Restrictions - 1.28 GPF MaximumThis item cannot be shipped to the following location(s): CA, TX
Technical Specs
|Installation Guide
|Valve Replacement Instructions
|Specification Sheet
|Champion 4, Portsmouth, Champion, Everclean
This product has additional required/recommended options. To configure, add to your cart.
Toilet Bowl Required
Coordinating Complete Toilets:
- 2733.014 - Elongated toilet with chair-height bowl
- 2735.014 - Round-front Toilet with chair-height bowl
Product Features:
- Fully covered under a 10 year warranty - 10 times the industry standard
- Quick, quiet flushing - American Standard toilets are famously efficient and hushed
- Industry-leading flushing system out-performs older toilets while using less than 1/2 the water
- Tank flushing components specially engineered to withstand chemically-treated urban water
- EverClean porcelain surface is extremely easy to keep clean
- Left mounted tank lever
- Perfected porcelain casting process and adjustable tank anchors eliminate "tank wobbles"
- Straight-forward installation instructions are included with each tank
- 100% factory flush tested - guaranteed to perform
- Flush Valve Size: 4" (diameter of the inlet for water entering bowl from tank)
- Flow Rate: 1.6 GPF (gallons-per-flush)
Tank Technologies / Benefits:
- Accelerator 4" flush valve – The flush starts with a piston action flush valve that lifts straight up, allowing water to pour into 4" valve opening from all directions. 1.6 gallons of water enters the bowl in less than a second - three times faster than standard 2" flush valves, and twice as fast as even performance 3" flush valves. The flush is quiet, too.
- Everclean Surface – Using the antimicrobial properties of silver (the precious metal), Everclean Surfaces inhibit the growth of bacteria, mold, and mildew. The super smooth, baked-in, mirror-like surface not only eliminates unsightly rings, but also helps repel toilet messes.
About American Standard:An American brand with over 140 years of innovations, American Standard is defined by experience, intelligence, and indelible influence. As the patriarch for nearly every key product category for the kitchen and bath, their offering shows a level of thoughtfulness and sophistication that could only be attributed to a company with a legacy as rich as that of American Standard. Today, professional plumbers and contemporary DIY home owners continue to turn to American Standard because they appreciate this legacy and know they can trust the innovations behind each product. It is for this reason that American Standard is so widely used within residential and commercial projects in both the United States and abroad - their products truly deliver, just as they have for generations.
Additional American Standard Links
- View Manufacturer Warranty
- Shop All American Standard Products
- Shop All American Standard Champion Collection Products
- Buy Replacement Parts For American Standard 4281.014
Our SKU: 4281.014
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
- Black
- Bone
- Linen
- Silver
- White
*Denotes a finish or option that has been discontinued
2 Questions from the Community
The American Standard 4281.014 tank is not compatible with a Universal Rundle unit.
Can this tank replace a "warm white" 4465 Nostalgia 12" Universal Rundle 4065?
The American Standard 4281.014 tank is not compatible with a Universal Rundle unit.
The American Standard 4281.014 tank will come with the trip lever and it is a chrome finish.
Does it come with the handle to flush and is it a chrome finish?
The American Standard 4281.014 tank will come with the trip lever and it is a chrome finish.
Product Reviews
American Standard
American Standard Champion Collection
Other Products In The American Standard Champion Collection
American Standard 5325.010
Champion Plastic Slow Close Elongated Toilet Seat ...$52.00-$58.00(48)
American Standard 4266.014
Champion 4 Toilet Tank with Performance Flushing System$90.00-$90.00(13)
American Standard 5330.010
Plastic Round-Front Toilet Seat and Lid - Includes...$44.00-$45.82(19)
American Standard 3177.016
Townsend Elongated Toilet Bowl Only with EverClean...$117.00-$276.86(8)
American Standard 3110.016-AS
Champion 4 Round-Front Toilet Bowl Only with EverC...$73.00-$73.00(9)
Warranty Info
American Standard Faucet Lifetime Function and Finish Limited Warranty American-Standard warrants this product to be free from defects in materials or workmanship for as long as the original consumer purchaser owns their home. American-Standard will provide, free of charge, at it's sole option, replacement part(s) or product (or if no longer available, a comparable product) to replace those which have proven defective in materials or workmanship. Proof of purchase (original sales receipt) from the original consumer purchaser must be made available to American-Standard for all limited warranty claims. This limited warranty is non transferable. It does not apply in the event of product damage due to the use of other than genuine American-Standard replacement parts, installation error, abuse, misuse, or improper care and maintenance (whether performed by a plumber, contractor, service provider or member of the purchaser's household). The limited warranty excludes damage due to aggressive air or water conditions, or harsh or abrasive cleaners and/or materials. This limited warranty excludes all industrial, commercial and business usage, whose purchasers are hereby extended a two year limited warranty (with the exception of solenoid valves and other electronic components which carry a one year limited warranty) applying to all other terms of this limited warranty except duration. This limited warranty does not cover labor charges incurred and/or damages sustained in installation, repair or replacement, nor incidental or consequential damages, all of which are expressly disclaimed. This limited warranty is applicable only to American-Standard faucets manufactured after June 1, 1996 and installed in the United States and/or Canada. This limited warranty gives the original consumer purchaser of an America-Standard faucet specific legal rights which may vary from state to state or from province to province. This limited warranty does not cover any liability for consequential or incidental damages, all of which are hereby expressly disclaimed, or the extension beyond the duration of this limited warranty of any implied limited warranties, including those of merchantability or fitness for an intended purpose. In some states or provinces the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages is not allowed, so those exclusions may not apply to you.


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NEW ORLEANS (AP) _ Kansas couldn't come all the way back this
The gritty team that had walked a tightrope all the way to the national championship game finally fell off against mighty Kentucky. An 18-point deficit against a team full of future NBA draft picks was too much for the Jayhawks, who fell 67-59 on Monday night.
Kansas had rallied from big early deficits against Purdue and North Carolina State in the NCAA tournament, giving some folks the feeling that things were meant to be this season.
Such a premonition gained support when the Jayhawks dug themselves out of a 13-point hole against Ohio State in the national semifinals, setting up a showdown with the team that has been anointed the eventual national champions by many pundits most
of the season.
Kentucky's freshman standout Anthony Davis was named the Final Four's Most Outstanding Player.
Davis' supporting cast made the most of their turns in the spotlight Monday night, picking up the scoring slack for their freshman star and overwhelming Kansas for a 67-59 victory in the NCAA title game that gave the Wildcats their eighth national title.
Michael Kidd-Gilchrist set the tone a minute in, staying in the game after a hard foul that looked as if it might have dislocated his shoulder, and Marquis Teague and Doron Lamb hit clutch shots
that kept the held back the Jayhawks' late rally.
Terrence Jones and Darius Miller also made their marks in just
the type of team effort the Wildcats (38-2) had given all season.
(Copyright 2012 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)


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(CBS) - Commercial weight loss programs may be just as good -- if not better -- than those that come from a health care professional.
A new study showed that people enrolled in Weight Watchers lost as much weight on average as people who were guided by a medical professional.
"Group-based weight-loss treatment produced weight loss, whether delivered by a professional or peer counselor," study author Angela Marinilli Pinto, assistant professor of psychology at Baruch College of the City University of New York, told HealthDay. "When people are in a group with others on the same journey, they feel there is that element of, 'OK, this worked for him or her, perhaps it will work for me. Perhaps I can give it a try.'"
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than one-third of American adults - 35.7 percent are obese. An additional 33.3 percent are overweight.
The researchers followed 141 overweight or obese men and women, and assigned them to one of three weight loss methods.
One group got 48 weeks of behavioral weight-loss treatment led by a medical advisor. The Weight Watchers group was enrolled in the program for 48 weeks and were expected to attend meetings, which were led by fellow members who had reached and maintained a healthy goal weight. The third group was first given 12 weeks of weight-loss treatment led by a medical professional, and then were enrolled in 36 weeks of Weight Watchers. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health but all of the Weight Watchers program costs were covered by the company.
At the end of the 48 week study, the group advised by medical professionals lost on average 11.9 pounds, the Weight Watchers group lost 13.2 pounds and the combination group lost 7.9 pounds. Overall the numbers were not considered statistically different from one another.
One-third of the Weight Watchers group lost 10 percent or more of their starting weight, compared to only 11 percent of the health professional group and 15 percent of a group that had a combination program.
"The Weight Watchers group produced better weight loss than this novel approach [of combining peer and professional]," Pinto said. "Better meeting attendance is associated with better weight losses."
Weigh Watchers costs about $10 a week, compared to between $10 to $35 in weekly costs for a doctor's weight loss program, Pinto said. In addition, it may be hard for people to travel to a doctor's office weekly, while it's easier to meet up at a community-located meeting.


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I'd like to report a bug with my wireless card cutting out (seemingly) randomly, but I don't know what log files to include.
I know a
tail -F of a particular log file when the card cuts out would be invaluable.
I just don't want to submit a bug report with no log files that will get lost in the shuffle.
Right now, I'd attach the following:
lspci | grep -i ethernet
lshw -C network
But I still need some sort of log file.


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Here the equivalent means:in the bundle ,B is bottom manifold(also called base space),S is section,we can also treat S as a bottom and B as a section in the same bundle. Is it true in the vector bundle? and also in the fiber bundle?
First, a minor point: As Mariano notes in a comment, in English one says base manifold, not bottom manifold. In any case, I will let $E$ denote the total space of the fibre bundle and $B$ denote the base.
Let $\pi: E \to B$ be a fibre bundle, and let $\sigma:B \to E$ be a section, with image $S = \sigma(B) \subset E$.
Your question is, as far as I understand, the following:
can one find a projection $\pi': E \to S$ which makes $E$ a bundle over $S$, so that furthermore $B$ is now realized as a section.
In some sense the answer is "Yes", but for trivial reasons:
One can always find such a projection $\pi'$, because $\pi$ induces a diffeomorphism $S \to B$, so that abstractly $B$ and $S$ are the same space. More concretely, define $\pi': E \to S$ via $\pi' = \sigma\pi.$ This realizes $E$ as a fibre bundle over $S$. However, nothing very exciting has happened; we have just replaced the base $B$ by the diffeomorphic manifold $S$.
We may now define the section $\sigma': S \to E$ via $\sigma'(s) = s.$ The image of $\sigma'$ is just $S$ again, thought of as a submanifold of $E$, but if you want we can identify this with $B$ via the projection $\pi$. Again, this is not very exciting.
My sense is that you are thinking of something a little deeper than this, but I'm not sure what. One problem in general is that the base $B$ and a section $S$ have a different nature: $S$ maps into $E$, while $E$ maps onto $B$ (so $B$ is not really "in" the fibre bundle at all).
Perhaps the vector bundle case is the one you want to focus on: then $B$ can be made into a section via the zero section. But I still don't see what you are going to do with this. (One thing you can do is that you can intersect $B$ and $S$, and this is how one produces characteristic classes geometrically; is that of any interest to you at all?)
I think what you meant is some duality between $\Gamma(E)$ and $B$. I have never seen bottom manifold, etc defined in literature. I think there is no such relationship. Maybe you can ask some Chinese for help in English so others can understand you.
The best way to treat sections is to think them as an equivalence between the category of vector bundles over $X$ and the categrory of finitely generated projective modules over $\mathbb{C}(X)$ (complex value functions on $X$).


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Princeton Seminary's best-kept secret may be its Reigner Collection. The Charles G.
Reigner Education Reading Room, as it was known when it was on the Tennent campus, was
named for Baltimore publisher and philanthropist Charles G. Reigner. Under the direction
of the late Professor D. Campbell Wyckoff and Professor Emerita Freda Gardner, the
Reading Room served the needs of the School of Christian Education and today serves the
entire Seminary community.
Late PTS professor Donald Butler organized the library of about 5,000 volumes from
the old Tennent College of Christian Education into the beginnings of a specialized
Christian Education library when that college was relocated from Philadelphia to the
Seminary campus in 1943. This Christian Education library was originally located in
Roberts Hall on the Tennent campus. With the first of Charles G. Reigner's gifts in
1947, the library was officially named The Charles G. Reigner Reading Room, moved to a
large space in Tennent Hall, and in 2004 to the former Speer Library. It is presently
located on the second floor of the new library.
The mission of Reigner is to acquire a wide range of materials related to the understanding
and practice of the educational ministry of the church and to promote their use at the
Seminary and in local churches. As such, Reigner is integral to the Education and
Formation area of the Practical Theology Department as it prepares men and women for the
educational ministries of the church.
Reigner reaches out to the Seminary community as well as to neighboring churches.
For both the experienced and the novice church educator, the Reigner Collection is an
invaluable resource for support and provides an introduction to the newest materials
It is particularly valuable for those doing work in Christian education or youth
ministry; it includes current resources for children's, youth, and adult ministries, and
materials for all age groups from birth to senior adults. Bible studies, worship aids,
multicultural resources, mission helps, audio and visual aids, pictures, picture books,
puppets—you name it, we have it! Vacation Bible curricula of all major denominations and
publishers are available for browsing. CDs, CD-ROMs, DVDs, slide sets, posters, and
games may be borrowed.
Special curriculum events, teaching and learning seminars, and workshops are
planned periodically for the Seminary community and the community at large.
Information about Reigner's holdings is available through the Seminary library's online catalog.
The Princeton Theological Seminary Library website is: http://www.ptsem.edu/library.
Christian Education Librarian, Sarita Ravinder, can assist in locating and
recommending resources, in person, by email or phone: 609-497-7915.
Contact Us
Click here for details about hours
and exceptions.Please visit the PTS Alert System for emergency delay/closure information.