text:
Is it possible using encryption keys to encrypt a file so for example some one will full access can read it all but some one with little access can only read say the top paragraph
The quick answer is no, there isn't anything out there that does that with a single key, that's not how encryption works, at least with current software.
You could accomplish this using two keys though. One key (inner key) would encrypt the most sensitive data, which could then be put into another document as ciphertext and then encrypted with a second key (outer key). Those with the outer key would be able to see the less sensitive data while those with both keys could read all the data.
That is a clunky way to do it though. What would make more sense would be to authenticate users based on public/private keypairs and then give them access to data based on their privilege level. There's many ways to accomplish that.
Encryption is based on authorized persons knowing a secret (a key); anyone knowing that secret can decrypt any message that is encrypted with that key. If Alice is authorized to decrypt the whole file and Bob is only allowed to decrypt the first paragraph, then Alice must know a secret that Bob doesn't know.
So one way to proceed is to encrypt the first paragraph and the rest of the document with two different keys. Give Alice both keys, and give Bob only the key for the first paragraph.
A variant is to encrypt the whole document except the first paragraph with a key KA, then encrypt the first paragraph and the encrypted document-except-first-paragraph with another key KB. Again, give Alice both keys, and give Bob only KB.
Another variant is to separately encrypt the whole document with a key KA, and the first paragraph with another key KB. Give Alice KA and Bob KB.
The last of these three is the simplest approach. It's easy to implement with any encryption infrastructure, since the distribution is fully separate from the cryptography. Do this unless you have a really good reason to do otherwise.
A different approach is to encrypt the whole document with a key, but not to give that key to anyone (or at least not to Bob, Alice may have it in this scenario). Instead of giving Bob a decryption key, give him some other means to decrypt only the part that he is authorized to decrypt.
Relying on access control to restrict access to data is called digital rights management. If Bob obtains the encrypted content and the means of decryption separately, this is difficult to achieve, because the means of decryption must contain the decryption key inside, yet Bob must not be able to exctract it. The means of decryption (DRM software) must also be able to authenticate Bob: if Bob can bypass or mislay the authentication step, he might be able to pass off as Alice.
An easier approach to access control is to make it online. Leave the content on a server (encryption is optional). Provide Alice and Bob with authentication methods on the server (passwords or otherwise). Configure the server to serve only the first paragraph to Alice, and the whole document to Bob.
If Alice willingly transmits the whole document to Bob, that's a completely different problem, and unsolvable outside of very specific situations. The best you can hope (for some kinds of documents) is to be able to know later that Bob obtained the document through Alice.
It seems like you are confusing encryption with access control. Either you can decrypt the entire file or you can't.
With access control and certain pieces of software you can restrict files in the manner which you are talking about. For instance you can allow someone preview only, and someone else preview and read-only.
In order to make a more precise suggestion, however, we need more details about the intended use case where this solution will be provided.


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laphroaig10_65 wrote:Glen Grant 5 yo is a single malt for Italian market that you can easily find at 10 euros (0.7 L).
RufusA wrote:The cheapest single malt I've found in the UK is Glen Ranoch a (probably) exclusive to Tesco Highland malt with no age statement.
Drinkable in a slightly over carameled lacking oak way, and typically sells for £8.99
In fact I used to get this (and a number of other malts) free from Tesco legally - you can't get cheaper than free. They used to have a policy where you got to keep the product and get a full refund if they overcharged you. As they are always tinkering with their prices, by keeping a good track of whisky prices, you could often find one where they had put the price up, but not adjusted the label on the shelf. One of my better finds was a pair of Laphroaig Quarter Casks where I had been overcharged 2p on each!
Whisky always tastes nicer when it's free!
irishwhiskeychaser wrote:Yes i meant to say it was still dirt cheap at that. ANd yes Japan is very expensive but it's strange that spirits are so cheap over there not just whisky
DramMeister wrote:Do Tesco really do that Rufus?
I'm going every day from now on.
DramMeister wrote:I mistakenly bought one of them too.
Fobbed it off on my dad as a birthday present.

subset: commoncrawl


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Certain cloud storage facilities have declared an absolute ban on the storage of images portraying nudity. This has implications for those involved in many fields, including naturism - a lawful pastime practised throughout Europe and the Americas.
Does Ubuntu One have any specific policy restricting the storage of images portraying nudity?


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The 5 Worst Jobs for Teens
The National Consumers League has pegged these jobs as the most dangerous for kids.
1. Delivery and other driving: including operating or riding on forklifts and other motorized equipment.
2. Working alone in cash-based businesses such as convenience stores, gasoline stations, and fast-food establishments.
3. Traveling youth crews: selling candy, magazine subscriptions, and other consumer goods on street corners, in strange neighborhoods, in distant cities, and across state lines.
4. Cooking exposure to hot oil and grease, hot water and steam, and hot cooking surfaces.
5. Construction including work at heights and contact with electrical power.
What Teachers Think
Should kids be discouraged from working more than 15 hours during the school week?
You may be swayed by what teachers think:
More on: Jobs and Chores


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10 Best Intranets of 2005
Summary: On average, this year's winning intranets increased site use by 149% with designs that supported bigger screens, multinational users, collaboration, easily updated content, and factory-floor workers.
Selecting the ten best intranets gets harder every year because the number of great designs keeps increasing. While tough on the judges, this is good news: it shows that the intranet usability movement is winning. More and more companies are treating their intranets as productivity tools and are investing in improving their design's usability instead of leaving the intranet to grow as it may.
The recommendations from our previous intranet-usability reports are now being widely implemented. This year's designs were so good that our list of runners-up included at least ten additional intranets that were worthy of being recognized, featured, and emulated. However, a top-ten list can only include ten winners, so we had to select the best of the best.
The Winners
The world's ten best intranets for 2005 are:
- Banco Español de Crédito (Banesto), the third largest bank in Spain
- Cisco Systems, the world's leading computer networking vendor (U.S.)
- Electrolux, the world's largest manufacturer of powered appliances (Sweden)
- The Integer Group, the seventh largest promotional marketing agency (U.S.)
- NedTrain, the Dutch National Railway's maintenance subsidiary (The Netherlands)
- Orbis Technology, a small software developer (U.K.)
- Park Place Dealerships, operator of ten luxury automobile dealerships (U.S.)
- Procter & Gamble, a leading manufacturer of branded consumer goods (U.S.)
- Schematic, an interactive design and technology agency (U.S.)
- Verizon Communications, a leading telecommunications company (U.S.)
Cisco is particularly remarkable because its sales-support intranet application was among the 2001 winners . This year, Cisco won for its overall intranet design.
Schematic won for its extranet connecting employees, clients, contractors, and vendors. The other nine winners are internal-use intranets.
Sweden seems to have the world's highest concentration of intranet design talent relative to the size of its population: it now accounts for 8% of the fifty intranets that have won our design competitions since 2001. An impressive achievement for a small country. The U.K. retains second place, with 10% of the winners since 2001. The United States continues to have the most winners. In general, however, we continue to find good intranets from over the world; this year's winners represent five different countries.
Four of the winning intranets support relatively small companies with less than 1,200 employees. Two others are mid-sized, with 4,000 to 10,000 employees, and four are big, with 34,000 to 236,000 employees. The winning intranet teams range in size from one person at Park Place Dealerships to twenty people at Cisco and twenty-four at Verizon.
Advanced Design Concepts
This year, several intranets were designed to work best at a 1024 x 768 screen resolution . Intranets have an advantage over websites here, as organizations often give all employees the same sized monitors. At Banesto, for example, all bank employees have standard-issue monitors that support 1024 x 768 resolution. The intranet designers used this wider screen space to good effect, implementing a homepage with multiple columns in a layout that would feel cramped on a smaller screen.
In the future, we expect to see much bigger screens, starting in knowledge-focused small and mid-sized companies, which will get the most substantial productivity gains from including more data within the visual field. Except for slightly boring examples (such as spreadsheets), we've yet to see many good examples of interfaces optimized for screens that are 2,000 pixels wide or more. In the coming years, advanced intranets might well be pioneering these broad-canvas designs.
Intranets are already pioneering the use of online video , which websites rarely use to good effect (aside from movie trailers). Intranets can take advantage of one of video's key benefits: it can show a speaker's personality. Several winning intranets use video to strengthen the corporate culture through messages from the CEO and other executives. Because video messages carry both information and emotion, they can convey the multiple layers of a CEO's message.
Among this year's winners, the Integer Group has perhaps the most elaborate online videos, often produced in a highly original style in which the company's Denver-agency president makes fun of himself. Although that specific tone might not fit as well in more staid organizations, the general idea of highlighting personality and illustrating corporate culture by example definitely translates.
Orbis has probably the most unusual intranet approach, building its site entirely on a Wiki platform . In this collaborative authoring environment, any employee can edit any page at any time (except for a few modification-controlled pages). As a result, employees can easily and immediately update information whenever they come across outdated content. The result is that the Orbis intranet is much more richly informative and current than what is typical for small organizations with limited intranet resources. Even companies that don't want to completely open up edit-access can benefit from making department- and project-level pages easier to edit.
Beyond The Office
Intranets began as document repositories and soon grew into support tools for office workers. We are now starting to see intranets move beyond this desk-bound role to take on the world beyond the office.
Four of this year's winners (Electrolux, NedTrain, Procter & Gamble, and Verizon) offer kiosk-based intranet access for factory-floor workers and others who work outside an office environment. These kiosks are basically traditional PCs on stands, maybe slightly ruggedized to withstand dust and grease. In the future, we hope to see a new kind of user interface developed for workers who are not routinely exposed to computers. It's difficult to ensure good usability for blue-collar workers when you're building on top of a UI platform optimized for office use.
Several of this year's winning intranets have special applications to support the physical environment. For example, NedTrain has a real-time list of available train parts , the most important piece of information it needs to keep its trains running. On the Park Place Dealerships intranet, the Client Concern Resolution system proactively contacts managers -- such as the repair shop's foreman -- who would otherwise be hard to locate. By enabling electronic communication with important employees who are highly mobile, this feature expedites customer service, which is much appreciated by the demanding clients of these luxury dealerships.
Several of the winning intranets support employees in multiple countries, and Electrolux and Procter & Gamble have made internationalization a core design element. P&G provides an especially impressive location-change tool that employees can use to control the intranet's language and location-dependent information, such as HR policies. Having one place to define location-based settings beats the typical scenario, in which employees must wade through information about multiple locations in multiple languages in order to find the appropriate documents.
In addition to its English-language pages, Electrolux supports localized portals in French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. To ease collaboration across time zones, the company also provides a handy reminder of the current time-of-day at three main locations (Sweden, eastern United States, and Sydney, Australia) at the top of every page.
Technology Confusion
The only conclusion regarding intranet technology platforms is that there is no conclusion. No single solution dominates the space . In fact, most winners didn't even build their intranet from a single, integrated platform. Typically, designers cobbled together widely diverse software using little more than spit, bailing wire, and willpower.
In total, the ten winners used thirty-nine different technology products. Most winners also feature a significant amount of homegrown software in their overall intranet technology platform, confirming the conclusion that it's still not possible to buy everything you need for a great intranet.
The most-used technologies were Apache, Microsoft ASP.Net, and Microsoft SQL Server. Other often-used technologies included Documentum, Google Search Appliance, IBM WebSphere, and Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE).
Some winners relied strongly on solutions from HP or IBM, and one winner was a committed Microsoft-only shop. Open-source software also made a strong showing this year. Beyond the heavily used Apache, winners used Eclipse, Linux, Mambo, MySQL, PHP, PostgreSQL, and TWiki.
All that said, we do see some progress in intranet technology platforms: solutions are emerging that support more of the necessary design elements and these solutions are becoming easier to integrate. For example, plug-in search engines are easier to handle than past search packages, which required extensive hacking before they could spit out decent results. Still, a significant opportunity remains for software vendors who truly understand the needs of intranet users and intranet teams.
Design Process
The average time between redesigns for this year's winning intranets was 29 months . This is about the same as we've seen in earlier years: the typical time between redesign rounds is between 2.5 and 3 years.
What's new is that companies have dramatically expedited the redesign process itself. This year, the average project duration was a brief 7.6 months ; in earlier years, redesigns typically lasted between 11 and 13 months. In fact, as the following chart shows, projects have moved progressively faster since we began our intranet design competitions. (Data on redesign duration is unavailable for 2001.)
Why are design projects moving faster? One reason is that technology solutions have in fact improved, making it easier to build what you want. Another reason is that we know more about intranets. As a result, we can concentrate resources on improvements that really matter to users and on getting the key changes out faster, while deferring less important ones.
The chart also shows a substantial increase in the number of different usability methods employed during redesign projects over the last five years. The fact that designers have more than doubled their usability methods, while decreasing their redesign cycle time by six months, is striking proof that usability doesn't have to delay project launch.
The 2005 winners used an average of 4.5 different usability methods . The most-used method was user testing, employed by 80% of this year's winning projects. Other heavily used methods included card sorting and heuristic evaluation , both of which were used by 50% of the projects.
In the past, few projects used heuristic evaluation. In 2001 and 2002, only 10% of the winners used the method, which basically involves judging a user interface relative to known usability principles. The recent growth of heuristic evaluation for intranets makes sense, because we have only recently established comprehensive intranet usability guidelines . It's now possible to review an intranet design relative to a list of important intranet usability issues. Prior to 2003, this was possible for websites, but not for intranets.
In general, we recommend using a variety of methods at different project stages, starting with field studies and tests of the old interface to set the new design direction. Next comes iterative design and testing with users. Few design projects fully follow this recommended user-centered design process, but in tracking good design projects over the years, we've seen more projects get increasingly closer.
Improvement Metrics
Averaged across the winners, intranet use increased by 149% following redesign . Organizations typically measured usage in terms of pageviews or user sessions per month. Intranets are discretionary-use environments; employees only visit them if they feel it's worth their time. Thus, increased use is a good indicator that a redesign is providing recognizable value to employees.
That said, pageviews are not a fully satisfying ROI metric because it's hard to estimate the monetary value of the increased use. Some types of use translate more directly into cost savings. Verizon, for example, saw the number of employee self-service transactions grow from 1.3 million to 6.3 million per year after it improved its intranet's usability.
On a smaller scale, Schematic saves $100,000 per year on express shipments to clients and other partners now that they can directly view their project's progress on the extranet. This type of cost savings comes as hard dollars that are easy to count.
Quantifying the productivity gains from increased intranet usability requires a formal benchmarking study, which few organizations bother conducting. Thus, even good intranet teams usually don't have complete estimates of how much money they save their organizations.
Cisco is one of the rare exceptions. The company's intranet team collected time-on-task measurements for employees using the old and new intranet designs to perform fifteen representative tasks. Overall, the average task took 17.6 seconds less with the new design. When considering total intranet usage, this faster performance saves Cisco $3 million per year simply from the reduced time it takes employees to navigate from the intranet homepage to a subsite. The gains from improving subsite usability will probably be even greater.
Cisco also improved its user success rate across the test tasks by 2%, increasing it from 87% to 89%. This improvement might seem modest, but the higher the success rate gets, the harder it is to increase. The fact that Cisco's old design had an 87% success rate indicates that it was already very good; we usually see substantially lower success rates in our studies. As this example shows, even great designs can get better with close attention to usability -- and small improvements can be worth millions.
In real life, it's infeasible to expect a 100% success rate , but it's definitely possible to add a few percent with a good redesign. Across a big company, that's a lot of additional employee tasks you can empower each year. The average intranet project, which sits at the 60% or 70% success level, should expect even bigger improvements: low-hanging fruit is very real given the current state of intranet usability in most organizations.
As the ten winners show, it's possible for intranets to achieve a level of excellence lacking in most companies, and it doesn't require a lot of time to realize major usability improvements.
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text: Here is a very fun and simple lesson that will show you "how to draw coconuts", step by step. These tasty fruity nuts have a white milky colored center that is soft but crispy and very light flavored. I myself LOVE coconuts, and anything that has coconuts in them. It's hard to believe that these nuts are covered with a green outer substance before their brown fibrous shell is exposed. Breaking into one of these fruits is extremely hard if you don't know the proper way to open up a coconut seed. Another great part of coconuts, they are filled with a watery milk that is also edible and used in sweet and savory dishes. This is a very simple lesson to follow, which means you will be drawing coconuts in no tome at all. Peace out folks and enjoy!


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Wilbur Ross, dubbed the "King of Bankruptcy" by Fortune magazine, kicked off the International Insolvency Institute's ninth annual conference with a keynote speech on the global credit crisis. The highly regarded two-day conference drew more than 100 bankruptcy experts to Columbia Law School this past June.
Panels at the conference covered a wide range of topics, including the downfall of the automotive industry, conflict of interest in insolvency situations, investing in
China, and the realities of restructuring multinational corporate enterprises. Harvey Miller '59, who oversaw the liquidation of Lehman Brothers, chaired a panel addressing the collapse of the vaunted investment house.


text:
Eco-Friendly Toys
Eco-Friendly Toys for Kids
ChildTrek is proud to offer a large selection of eco-friendly toys. In fact, most of the toys we offer are made of eco-friendly materials and free of BPA, phthalates, PVC, and other harmful materials. We feature name brands like Plan Toys, HABA, Green Toys, and other high-quality environmentally-conscious toy makers.
Start shopping eco-friendly toys by using the "Search" function or the menu items listed to the left.


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Let $A,B$ be $n×n$ matrices such that $BA = I_n$, where $I_n$ is the identity matrix.
$(1)$ Suppose that there exists $n×n$ matrix $C$ such that $AC = I_n$. Using properties of the matrix multiplication only (Theorem 2, sec. 2.1, p.113) show that $B = C$.
$(2)$ Show that if $A, B$ satisfy $BA = I_n$, then C satisfying $AC = I_n$ exists. Hint: Consider equation $Ax ̄ = e_i$ for $e_i$ - an elements from the standard basis of $R^n$. Show that this equation has a unique solution for each $e_i$.
Theorem 2
Attempt: $(1)$Ehhm... since $BA=I_n$ then $B$ is the inverse of $A$. Same with $C$. And since a matrix has a unique inverse $B=C$. But, I don't see how to prove it using the properties of multiplication only. Maybe something like this: $$A=B^{-1}I_n=B^{-1}\\A=I_nC^{-1}=C^{-1}\\C^{-1}=B^{-1}\\C=B$$
So, I am not sure about this one because I am using the inverse of a matrix, but I am told to only use the properties of multiplication. Hints please.
$(2)$ Lets say that $BA=I_3$. Then, $\vec e_1=\begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}\; ,\vec e_2=\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}\; ,\vec e_3=\begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$. Then, $AC=I_3$, where $C=\begin{pmatrix} c_{11} & c_{12} & c_{13} \\ c_{21} & c_{22} & c_{23} \\ c_{31} & c_{32} & c_{33} \end{pmatrix}$. So, $A\begin{pmatrix} c_{11} \\ c_{21} \\ c_{31} \end{pmatrix}= \vec e_1$. I am trying to use that hint here($A\vec x=e_i$ has a unique solution).How do I show that this system is consistent and has a unique solution. Thanks.


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I have Ubuntu 10.10 install on my laptop. And I have a lot of data (nealy 40 GB) in the partition where Linux is installed. I cannot move this data to some where else.
If I now try to install Ubuntu 11.04 via USB (I am avoiding Upgrading via package manager because I have had some bad experiences with it), and not 'Format' my linux partition, are there any chances that my data in /home or /home/user1 or /home/user2 will vanish away?


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Washing Vegetables
- Small basin of water
- Vegetable brush or dishcloth
- Vegetables or fruit to wash
- Dishtowel for drying
- Fill a small basin with several inches of water.
- Give your child several pieces of fruit or vegetables to wash in the basin.
- He may enjoy using a vegetable brush or gently rubbing them with a dishcloth.
- When they are clean, show him how to dry the fruit or vegetables with a clean dishtowel.
More on: Activities for Toddlers
Copyright é 1999 by Patricia Kuffner. Excerpted from The Toddler's Busy Book with permission of its publisher, Meadowbrook Press.
To order this book visit Meadowbrook Press.


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Write an ANSI C program that calculates the letter grade of students in a class. The input is a file consists of students records, every record in a line and terminated by a newline character.
Each line consists of
Student ID, a string of 8 digits
Student name in the form lastname, firstname: where the last name and the first name are separated by a comma and a single space (no middle initials).
Final exam mark: an integer out of 100
Midterm mark: an integer out of 50
The mark for three quizzes (each out of 10): each is an integer
The course mark is 50% final, 30% midterm and 20% quizzes
For the quizzes, if a student missed a quiz with a legitimate excuse, he gets - (the minus sign) and the weight of this quiz is divided among the 2 other quizzes, a maximum of 1 missed quiz.
The separation between the colon after the first name and the scores, as well as between the scores is one or more spaces.
The maximum length of any line is 100 characters
Your program should read and process each line until it encounters the end of the file.
Letter grade
>= 80 && <90
>=70 && <80
<=60 && <70
The output of the program should be
Student ID, name, and a letter grade according to the previous table, there is exactly one space between the ID and the name, and 2 spaces between the colon after the name and the letter grade. Also, each student should be on a separate line.
After that, a single line stating N students processed where N is the number of students.
Your program should be able to deal with the following cases:
If the student ID is not 8 digits, the letter grade is calculated and displayed, however the ID is replaced by XXXXXXXX
If any of the test or quizzes scores are missing, the ID, and name are displayed, following by MISSING GRADE instead of the letter grade.
If any mark is greater than the maximum, or a negative number display
If the length of the record is more than 100, the ID is displayed followed by
Example of an input file
12345678 Doe John, 89 44 2 9
Look at the assignment policy for details about submitting and marking


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The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) is encouraging motorists to join E-ZPass as All-Electronic Tolling is implemented on the Tobin Bridge.
The E-ZPass Street Team will be enrolling new customers in the E-ZPass program throughout the region in the coming weeks. E-ZPass is free to join and customers receive a transponder onsite. E-ZPass customers proceed through the dedicated E-ZPass lanes at the toll plaza without stopping or fumbling for cash because the toll is collected electronically through the use of a transponder attached to the windshield.
The Street Team's upcoming schedule is part of MassDOT's continued efforts to enroll new customers in the E-ZPass program as the Tobin Bridge makes the conversion to all-electronic tolling. Later this month, tolls will start being collected electronically through the E-ZPass transponder or via a "pay-by-plate" system, where an image of a license plate is taken and an invoice will be sent to the address listed on the vehicle registration. This means that vehicles will no longer stop at a toll plaza to pay cash.
In addition to the sign up sessions listed below, you may also join E-ZPass online, Mass.gov/EZPassMA or by phone, 877-627-7745. Transponders are also available at Registry of Motor Vehicle branches and from AAA.
Here are the sessions:
Monday, July 21, Kowloon Restaurant parking lot, Route 1 North (948 Broadway) 11 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Tuesday, July 22, MEG Building, 58 Essex St., Saugus, 11 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Wednesday, July 23, MEG Building, 58 Essex St., Saugus, 11 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Thursday, July 24, Kowloon Restaurant parking lot, 11 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Friday, July 25, Kowloon Restaurant parking lot, 11 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Saturday, July 26, Saugus Square One Mall Truck Show (1201 Broadway) Route 1 South, Saugus, 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
Saturday, July 26, Chelsea Market Basket, 160 Everett Ave., Chelsea, 2-4 p.m.
Location, ST | website.com


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Are the words adaptable and flexible generally interchangeable? For example, do the following sentences have the same meaning?
Older workers are less adaptable [...].
Older workers are less flexible [...].
Are the words adaptable and flexible generally interchangeable? For example, do the following sentences have the same meaning?
Those two phrases have meanings which are broadly the same but not identical. Adaptable indicates long-term changes; flexible more short-term alterations. One might adapt to the introduction of a new shift pattern, and be flexible enough to work late next Tuesday.
But adaptable and flexible are generally not interchangeable: the former means "able to be adapted" (or possibly "able to adapt"), and the latter "able to flex or bend". To describe an adaptable building as flexible could conjure up an alarming image!
That said, a building might be adaptable enough to accommodate a warehouse or a school (a long-term use), or flexible enough to vary the number of rooms by having easily-moved internal walls (a shorter-term change).
It is preferable to be more specific when clarity is necessary. In your scenario, adaptable is more specific to the person's willingness to change as flexible might be confused with the physical ability to bend.
From an engineering point of view, I wish to dispute Andrew's concept "Adaptable indicates long-term changes; flexible more short-term alterations" .
Flexible is to provide inherent usability across a wide and changing spectrum of deployment situations, often without making significant or any changes to itself.
The weapons are flexible to be deployed to either the Arctic, Iraq or Afghanistan. There is no modification necessary, except that, we have to make a slight permanent and long term modification to the trigger. And soldiers have to make a short term adjustment to the way they transport it.
Adaptable is to be inherently modifiable to be deployed across diverse situations of deployment.
The weapons are quickly adapted to being used in either the Arctic, Iraq or Afghanistan. The necessary modifications are quick but complex. They are not permanent changes to the weapon. Once a weapon has been adapted for the first time, soldiers would need to make a long term adjustment to the way they transport it.
The terms adaptable and flexible are two valuable attributes of an effective teacher.
Here are two examples:
Teachers must be flexible to handle unexpected circumstances, such as sudden illness or emergencies.
Teachers adapt lesson plans to accommodate for the physical and intellectual needs of each student.
I would say that an adaptable system has the capacity be deployed differently in different locations. A flexible system can react to different stimuli.


text:
When your body burns calories and you lose weight, obviously mass is leaving your body. In what form does it leave? In other words, what is the physical process by which the body loses weight when it burns its fuel? Someone asked this question on the whiteboard at work. Someone said it leaves the body in the form of heat but I knew this is wrong since heat is simply the internal kinetic energy of a lump of matter and doesn't have anything do with mass. Obviously the chemical reactions going on in the body cause it to produce heat but this alone won't reduce its mass.
There's a lot of detail you could go into with regard to this question, as is done in the other answers and comments, but I think the answer itself is pretty simple. Imagine a surface that just barely surrounds your body, as if you shrink-wrapped a body in plastic. By the law of conservation of mass (valid in non-relativistic physics), the only way your body can lose any amount of mass is for that amount of mass to pass out through the surface. So you just have to consider what bodily functions cause that to happen. I think they've all been identified in the comments:
Actually, any dead skin cells, strands of hair, etc. that fall off you would also count, although my guess is that those represent a minor contribution.
As a bonus, the "shrink-wrap view" also makes it easy to identify the ways in which you gain mass, by looking for all processes that cause matter to be drawn in through the invisible surface:
The thing is, when most people talk about losing weight, they're referring to a long-term average loss of mass, which means that the processes in the first list have to remove more mass over some extended period of time than the ones in the second list bring in. This clearly requires some of the preexisting mass in your body to be converted into the waste forms that you can dispose of through excretion, exhaling, and sweating. This preexisting mass generally tends to be body fat. The other answers do a pretty good job filling in the details of how the fat gets converted to waste products.
Essentially, losing of weight occurs by means of burning fuels precisely like your car does when it burns petrol and emits exhaust gases.
The only difference is that for humans that fuel is to be found in the form of sugars. The fat is what you want to get ultimately rid off, of course, but sugars are more easily processed and so this is what you are removing first.
The basic aerobic cycle is the Krebs cycle.
But to reach it first, glucose needs to be broken down first to pyruvate (by an anaerobic process of glycolysis) and then to acetyl-CoA. One can gain some energy from this reduction but not much. The real energy is hiding in the actual Krebs cycle but for it one needs (besides lots of other stuff) the mentioned acetyl-CoA and oxygen (this explains why you don't get enough energy when not breathing properly) producing the carbon dioxide and some energy that is stored in the $ATP$ (adenosine-triphosphate) and transported to wherever it is needed inside the cell (you are mostly interested in muscle contractions performed by muscle cells). So, you'll burn whatever amount of sugar you have ready in the body. You'll also lose carbon (initially stored in the glucose) by exhaling in the form of $CO_2$. There is also additional hydrogen produced and carried away in the form of $NADH$ and $FADH_2$. It's hard to estimate where it will end up though, as it is (similarly to $ATP$) used all over the organism.
Now, the body is not storing sugars in the form of glucose. Instead, they are stored as a glycogen (mainly in liver and muscles) which is a polysaccharide similar to starch. This is then quickly broken down to glucose as needed. But the body can keep only a small amount of glycogen (corresponding roughly to an hour of running, depending on one's fitness).
There is another form of storage of sugar. Body can convert it to fat. This is done when there is already enough glycogen in the organism. The body fat can then be reduced to acetyl-CoA (by lipolyses and then by beta oxidation), but this requires a lot more oxygen and so is not used when glycogen is at the disposal. But with regular exercise body can be trained to also burn greater proportion of fats than glycogen (this is of course necessary for long-range runners and cyclists because there is no way they would get enough energy just from glycogen).
To get a rough idea about the amount of mass you'll burn, read the calories content of some food. Sugar has something like 4kCal for 1g and fat 9kCal for 1g. One hour of running corresponds to something like 700kCal so if you are burning 50% sugars and 50% fat you'll be 100g lighter. All of these numbers are just very rough estimates depending on what kind of exercise you do and the general state of your body.
Note that you'll also lose lots of water and minerals during the exercise. But I am not counting this to the mass balance as you need to replenish those in order to be healthy. Also, gradually some muscles will form, so this will actually add weight.
When you exercise, you "burn" more glucose, the simplified reaction for which (from Wikipedia) is:
${\rm C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6~O_2 → 6~CO_2 + 6~H_2O}$
So when you exhale, the carbon in the carbon dioxide, and the hydrogen and the oxygen in the water vapor, came from the glucose being burned, thereby removing that mass from the body.
As others have pointed out, in metabolism you breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide with the net reaction being
$$CH_2O + O_2 \to CO_2 + H_2O$$
The carbon dioxide gets exhaled, and the water is lost through some combination of other things. Let's think about whether this is a reasonable way to explain weight loss.
A breath is maybe one liter of air. I breathe about ten times a minute, so that's 15,000 liters of air a day. Air is about 20% oxygen, so 3,000 liters of oxygen. Air weighs about 1kg/m^3, so about 3kg of oxygen. The air you exhale still has some oxygen. I don't know how good we are at extraction, but let's say we get a third of it, so 1kg of oxygen used by our bodies each day.
Carbon is lighter than oxygen and there's only one carbon exhaled per two oxygens, so that's about 300g of carbon lost per day. Fat is basically a long carbon chain, so that says that if I don't eat, I'll lose about 300 g of body mass a day (assuming I do drink water).
It's not too bad a rough estimate to say that you lose weight through your nose.
I remember in middle school science class we learned about an experiment in which some guy a long time ago grew an entire tree in a pot, carefully covering the pot to keep stuff from getting into the soil. The entire pot+tree system gained roughly the weight of the tree by the end. So basically the tree got all its mass from the air. You are pretty much an inverse tree.
When you lose weight, it is mostly fat that disappears from under your skin (or someone else's skin). How does the fat get out? Most of it doesn't directly evaporate. Instead, it is burned much like fuel in your car.
Fat contains mainly carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, much like typical organic compounds. When it's "ideally" burned, only water and carbon dioxide - $H_2 O$ and $CO_2$ - are left. The gas $CO_2$ gets out by breathing and farting (not sure about the relative significance) - in which you only inhale $O_2$, the oxygen - while $H_2 O$ is released from the body by urination and sweating. Well, maybe, some other material may also be added to the excrements.
Of course, this is too idealized because by burning fats, one also produces some "less clean" compounds that are added both to urine as well as excrements (you asked, I am just answering). Farts also contain other gases that carry a certain small fraction of the mass of the burned fat - including methane. Biology is complicated but the difference between animals and cars is not so dramatic.
Gaining weight is the nearly reverse process except that the carbon is not taken from the air or $CO_2$ - we would have to be plants able to do photosynthesis do achieve this goal. Instead, it is taken from the food.
Here is a credible article that explains how MUCH of weight loss occurs through exhaling CO2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Znode/Misc/The_Physics_of_Losing_Weight
Plus, we loose mass through our intestines as the liver filters the blood in the form of bile. http://www.liverdoctor.com/liver-problems/weight-loss/
And we obviously lose water through kidney function.
It is like an automobile engine. Think if you stopped putting gas in your car and just left it running. It would use up the existing fuel and the output would be:
1) Energy to propel the car released from breaking the bonds in the gas
2) Heat as a by product of the combustion and friction on the internal systems
3) Leftovers from combustion that aren't used by the car (H2O, CO, CO2, etc)
Same principles at play in your body just a bit more biologically oriented.
Additionally, some fats (cholesterols, etc) are converted to bile and excreted by the liver into the digestive track. On top of this many of the byproducts of cell death are excreted in this fashion. That brown color to your poop is the product of red blood cells being broken down, and expelled by the liver.
Some minerals and other substances that are water soluble may be excreted by the kidneys.
Here's a good way to think of it:
Consider your body like a leather wine bag... with a hole in the bottom.
As your body extracts the nutrients it requires out of stored cells (some carried in the blood stream and some stored as fat), those cells are disposed of (think poop).
With exercise, your body requires more fuel so it extracts nutrients out of more cells. If you are not putting enough in to replenish the supply, your body weight goes down.
When you burn up a log in a campfire, it weighs less than when you started, right?
Where did the mass go?
CO, CO2, H2O, and other combustion products.
It went up in smoke.
A candle? Same thing.
When you oxidize fat, sugar, whatever, what do you get? Same idea.
It is carbon oxidation as mentioned before. When you breathe in $O_2$ and exhale $CO_2$ carbon is leaving your body and that is how you are losing weight.
What happens when you work out? You breathe more so more carbon mass can leave your body. Don't try to cheat and breathe hard while not exercizing or you will hyperventilate.
By the way, carbon oxidation is what also powers cars and campfires. Photosynthesis (using the sun to reduce $CO_2$ to $C$ and $O_2$) is the reverse of oxidation. Most organisms on earth are part of this sun cycle (you can trace all the food you and your car use back to plant), exceptions are some bacteria that can get energy from Lava and other means.
I recently lost a good deal of weight and would say it seems the water mostly leaves through urination, not exhalation. Basically, I could tell when my weight was going to be decreasing because I'd have a lot of pee in the middle of the night, without having much to drink before bed.
As the other answers say respiration byproducts are co2 Whig is exhaled and water, which, I think, makes it's way to the bladder at some point.
Weight loss occurs when a large amount of calories or fat is turned into energy through excercise or activity. That waste is then released from the body in one's urine, stool, & sweat. When your body converts fat into accessible energy, the process generates heat that is used to regulate body temperature, according to MayoClinic.com. Once stored fat is converted to energy, your body uses it to fuel activity and metabolic functions in much the same way it uses immediate energy from food. MayoClinic.com notes that waste material produced during the conversion of body fat into energy, specifically water and carbon dioxide, leaves your body through urine, sweat and exhaling.
Years ago I worked for a weight loss supplement company. We had to reach out to the customers to help them along. Many of the men said while on the program it hurt to urinate. I was told that it is why it was so important to drink water In abundance esp during weight loss... BECAUSE when the fat breaks down it comes out through your urine. In a mans urethra, the opening at the tip of the penis is so small that if the fat loss is not diluted enough in the body it is too heavy to pass through that pin hole size opening in a man and becomes backed up and painful. When I lose weight I pee buckets very easily. And the more I drink water the more I lose the pounds on the scale even beyond the initial 5 lbs of water weight . But I've also been told that during rapid weight loss, your fecal excretion should appear greater than the volume of the food you've eaten. Particularly on the hCG diet I found this to be mostly true since the food volume is tiny compared to the " waste" going out. But I've also noticed that my mouth takes on a funky taste too, so maybe some of these posts have a point with the waste coming out in exhaling. Lastly , when losing weight there are times I feel so energetic that I can't even sleep earlier than 1:00 am. I just don't feel tired . But that could also be contributed to feeling lighter with less burden from the body weight... In summary - I think all explanations can be true based on my own observations during weight loss.
Scientifically, the answer can be expressed in a very deep level of detail. But ultimately, the answer is simple: Heat.
This is simple. The answer is it leaves your body in the form of energy.
Your body burns sugars while producing things like heat (you get hot when exercising) and motion (you exercise). So, we physically convert mass into energy which gets transfered mechanically into whatever we are doing. That could be a distance traveled (walking/biking etc) or an increase in another objects potential energy (lifting weights etc)
protected by Qmechanic♦ Jul 25 '13 at 19:23
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Cream Eyeshadow
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Soft, supple cream-to-powder formula that provides long-lasting color. The ultra-pigmented shades are balanced in a lightweight texture, transparent in application. The soft-blending formula can be worn alone or layered under powder eyeshadow for long-lasting color and depth.
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WACO (November 20, 2012)--A Waco man was in the McLennan County Jail Tuesday after his arrest in connection with a violent assault at a West Waco home.
Ronny Standifer, 50, was ordered held on bonds totaling $30,000 charged with aggravated assault and on a parole violation without bond, jail records showed.
Standifer was charged in connection with a violent assault on Cynthia Powell, 57, that happened Nov. 15 at her home in the 10000 block of Hiawatha.
Officers responded to a disturbance call at that address and when they arrived they found Powell suffering from what Waco police Sgt. W. Patrick Swanton described as significant injuries.
Powell was taken to Hillcrest Baptist Medical Center by ambulance.


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I've a ASUS N56VZ with Intel Core i7 - 3610QM, with Win 7 Home Premium x64 pre-installed. This computer come with EFI instead of the traditional BIOS.
When I bought it, I had 3 visible partitions. C (System) - with windows and programs; D (Data) - in blank, I store my personal data and movies; E (Recovery) - software from ASUS to recovery computer.
So, as I'm at a Master's Degree in Computer Science, I needed to install Ubuntu. I made a partition from Win 7, reserving around 35 GB for Ubuntu 12.04.
It went fine, and the install was sucessful. I rebooted and I could get into Ubuntu. The boot showed 4 entries: 2 for Ubuntu, and one for Windows and one, for Windows Recover.
When I tried to enter Windows 7, "Windows 7 (loader)", I got this message:
error: Invalid EFI file path.
Press any key to continue...
The one for recovery couldn't boot either.
So I get in Ubuntu again, and use repair-tool, which insert new entries on GRUB. Now I have 11 entries!
One of the new entries is called "Windows UEFI loader". The old entry "Windows 7 (loader)" continued to not work. This new one, "Windows UEFI loader", got me into Windows. And I stooped here.
I want a single boot manager with just the two needed options.
I think that this isn't perfect, but I don't know how to solve it.
More, if I'm on Windows 7 and I put it to hibernate, when I turn on the computer, I get a black screen and the message saying that it couldn't restaure the session. (I'm not sure about the exact words. - I was oblied to reboot and start the windows again.)
And this is a major concern. I would like to solve this too.
Here is the link after running the boot-repair:
This one I made it today, with boot-repair and asking for Boot info summary:


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Is foreach really a tikz statement or is derived from some other package?
I would like to draw a horizontal axis with 7 ticks spaced 1 cm apart. I'd like to place a label under each tick that is the ordinal number of the tick (1,2,3..) and a label above the tick that is the value of the ordinal number multiplied by the constant 3.14


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Does FIPS 140-2 require specific key sizes, or does it have specific requirements for the data? In other words, if I encrypt a file, how I can check whether it is FIPS-compliant or not? Does only the key need to be checked, or does the encrypted file have to be checked too? If yes, is it possible to elaborate on how to check an encrypted file for FIPS compliance?
FIPS 140-2 only certifies cryptographic modules, not entire systems. So, to tell if your system is 140-2 compliant, it must be using a 140-2 certified module. NIST publishes a list of all FIPS 140-2 certified cryptographic modules.
It is important to remember, though, that 140-2 certification does not certify that the module is used in a secure manner. From the FIPS 140-2 document:
Looking over the document, I don't see anything on specific key sizes. It discusses key management, including key storage. So you'd have to make sure keys are stored properly. I don't see anything in the document about requirements on the data which is to be encrypted. That makes sense though as you would want your module to be data agnostic.
So, there is no way to look at an encrypted file and tell if it is FIPS 140-2 compliant. You would have to look at the module that did the encrypting.
You cannot tell anything related to FIPS 140 by looking at a key or by looking at a file. FIPS 140 doesn't say anything about the choice of encryption algorithm, other than requiring that all every encryption algorithm must be "approved security function" (as defined in the glossary) and there must be at least 1.
FIPS 140 is all about the module, i.e. the software or hardware component that performs the encryption and decryption. The standard sets security requirements for how keys are stored, how access to keys is controlled and so on.
If you have an encrypted file, you cannot tell whether it was encrypted by a FIPS 140-compliant module or not: an encrypted file looks like any other encrypted file produced from the same plaintext with the same key no matter who or what performed the encryption. If you have a key, you cannot tell whether that key is used in a FIPS 140-compliant module or not; although if you can access the key outside the module, it's likely that either the module isn't compliant — because it shouldn't let keys escape — or an authorized operator misused the module and let the key leak. There is only a way to be sure that a key or encrypted file did not come from a FIPS 140-compliant module, which is if the key or algorithm is not one of the approved security functions (as defined in other standards).


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Traffic Fatality Leads to Grow House Discovery
On Friday, March 21, 2013, at approximately 11:27 p.m. deputies responded to a traffic crash at the 168th block of Highway 441 North, Okeechobee, Florida.
Deputies found a single vehicle crash. The victim of the crash, Abey Diaz Pino, age 44, was pronounced deceased. The crash was turned over to Florida Highway Patrol to investigate.
Florida Highway Patrol responded to 1185 NE 342 Trail, Okeechobee, Florida to notify the next of kin. Upon arrival, no one was located, however it was discovered that there were multiple dogs at the home. Okeechobee County Sheriff's Deputy Hazy stood by until Animal Control could retrieve the animals. During this time, Deputy Hazy recognized visible signs of a marijuana grow house.
On Monday, March 24, 2014, a search warrant was obtained and executed at the above address. The Okeechobee County Narcotics Task Force discovered (87) active plants, with a total weight of (22) pounds. The estimated street value of the marijuana was approximately $88,000.00.
No further information to be released at this time.


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I'm trying to create Facebook test accounts using the graph API. (I need to be able to log into them from my iphone app). Here's how I'm getting the app access token:
which seems to work fine. And here's how I'm trying to create a user:
The response I'm getting is:
This method must be called with an app access_token
I looked at this post Problem with access token while creating Facebook Test Users. Not really familiar with PHP, and just to make sure, I did try to "url encode" the app access token returned before using it... but no goodness.
I'm using Fiddler to test my posts.


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Potato-Rosemary Pizza
Leeks and Teleggio Cheese
Makes 4 each, 10" Pizzas, total time:
- 3 leeks
- 2 tablespoons olive oil
- Salt and pepper
- 2 small Red Bliss potatoes, sliced thin
- 2 small Yukon Gold potatoes, sliced thin
- 2 small purple potatoes, sliced thin
- 1 tablespoon fresh rosemary, chopped
- 1 recipe Silver Oak Pizza Dough
- 8 ounces Teleggio cheese
- Prepare the leeks by cutting off the roots and tops (where the stem turns from white to green) and discarding. Cut leeks in half down the center, length-wise. Rinse under cold running water, pat dry and slice into half-moons.
- Heat oil in a large sauté pan over low heat. Add leeks, cover and cook for 5 minutes, stirring frequently, until the leeks are soft. When the leeks begin to brown turn your heat down further. Once fully cooked, season with salt and pepper, remove from pan and cool.
- Bring a medium pot of salted water to boil. Place the sliced potatoes into the water and boil for 2 minutes. Strain and rinse potatoes under cold water until cool enough to handle. Season with salt and pepper, add the chopped rosemary, and gently toss with enough olive oil to keep them from sticking to one another.
- Prepare your wood or home oven and spin the pizza dough to the desired thickness (see Silver Oak Pizza Dough recipe).
- Spread the leeks onto the dough, distributing evenly. Layer 5-8 potatoes slices over the leeks. Top the potatoes with small pieces of Teleggio cheese.
- Bake the pizza. Serve immediately.
Watch Chef Dominic Make Pizza Dough


text:
Pee-Wee's Big Adventure - DVD for $3.99 + free shipping
Co-written by Paul Reubens and Phil Hartman, Pee Wee's Big Adventure marks the debut of director Tim Burton, who stamps the entire film with his quirky trademark style. The premise: Pee Wee (Reubens), an overgrown pre-pubescent boy sporting a molded Princeton cut, blush, lipstick, and a shrunken gray flannel suit, lives an idyllic life in his bizarre home until someone nabs his most prized possession: a fire engine-red customized bicycle. He then embarks on an epic cross-country search to find his lost love, not to mention more than a little adventure. Along the way, he makes friends with various oddball characters, visits the Alamo, endures various hallucinatory nightmares, and has a supernatural run-in with a spectral trucker.
11 Comments add a comment
A classic !
I know you are but what am I?
"I meant to do that!"
The secret word today is "Subliminal"
It's the hamburger dude!
Whoops sorry, wrong movie...sorry (I'm NOT sorry!)
"Be sure and tell 'em Large Marge sent ya!"
I wonder if this recording shows him finally getting into the basement at the Alamo...?
Is anyone else getting jammed at the Shipping Address screen? I entered in my info, but I can't advance, no matter what browser I use.
It's a sign.
A sign telling you to not buy trash.
@superninja: I appreciate your concern for my well-being, but I wanted to order it as a semi-gag gift for my dad for Christmas. Update: BB chat support had no clue what was going on.
@sabrenaut: After I went into my Account and set my primary shipping address there, I was able to proceed. This is a strange bug in Best Buy's system, but I just wanted to share in case anyone else was having the same problem.


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Seattle Parks and Recreation Jesús Aguirre, Superintendent
|Centers & Pools
|Reservations & Permits
|Projects & Planning
|A - Z Index
Warren G. Magnuson Park
You can "hoof it" into the park at both the N.E. 65th Street and the N.E. 74th Street main entrances. Additionally, there are two pedestrian gates along Sand Point Way N.E.-one just south of N.E. NOAA Drive, the second further north of N.E. NOAA Drive leading into the North Shore Recreation Area.
The park's "historic district" features more than 20 brick and metal structures built in the 1930s and 1940s. A suggested walk (approximately one mile) begins at the corner of N.E. 65th Street and 62nd Avenue N.E. Head north to where it crosses N.E. 74th past the former Navy offices, storage buildings, and hangars. Follow the signs to the North Shore Recreation Area that leads through a vehicle underpass onto the shore area. Don't miss the unexpected, spectacular views to the north and east of Lake Washington. The green areas across the lake on its eastern shore are O. Denny Park and Big Finn Hill Park.
The Cross Park Trail connects the Junior League of Seattle Playground to the lake shore, providing walkers who enter at N.E. 74th with direct access to the beach. From the main parking lot near the Junior League of Seattle Playground, the "Cross-Park Trail" offers a one-mile loop. Visitors to the Junior League of Seattle Playground, special events in Building 30, or the Brig (Building 406) also can enjoy direct access to the beach by using the trail.
Whoa, trail blazers! Exploration and experience is what the park's all about, but please keep to the designated walking trails. Plowing through grass and underbrush disturbs the nesting of birds in the spring through mid-July.
The NOAA Art Walk still exists to the north of the park, but due to the events on September 11th 2001 access to NOAA is restricted for security reasons. Access is restricted to only pedestrians and only via the NOAA Access Road. To gain access one is required to present photo identification and obtain a visitor's pass that must be returned upon exiting. The eastern turnstile gate between the park and NOAA is closed. NOAA is closed to all access on Saturdays and Sundays. Other trails cross the park's dog off-leash area and connect with various natural and activity areas-you'll not lack for scenery changes as you stroll.
If you can see a water tower on the ridge across Lake Washington, that is St. Edwards State Park, the former location of the St. Edward seminary. South of this area at about N.E. 120th Street you can find O. Denny Park.
At the southern end of the park, the Promontory Point wildlife habitat area includes trails that explore the hillside south of public boat launch. Wear sturdy walking shoes. Stick to the designated trails to see the work of volunteers and non-profit organization staff who have been rehabilitating and enhancing the site as a prime northwest native plant and bird territory.
For more information about the Promontory Point Habitat Area, Projects - ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS
|Home | Partnerships | Park Board | Volunteer | FAQ | Parkways | Facebook | @SeattleParks | Flickr


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Best Application Designs
Summary: Winning app UIs include domain-specific solutions that allow humans to focus on deeper issues while the software takes care of the mechanics.
The winners for best application user interfaces of the year are:
Complex Applications
- The web-based BondWorks wealth management platform (BondDesk Group LLC) provides financial advisors with a streamlined system to trade fixed-income assets.
- The portable GEN2i (Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH, Germany) lets users record engineering data in the field.
- OEConnection (OEConnection LLC) lets parts department employees at auto dealerships and repair facilities process more than 6 million original equipment parts transactions monthly.
Lightweight Applications
- CycleStreets Mobile (CycleStreets Ltd. and Anna Powell-Smith, UK) helps cyclists plan safe, fast routes for cycle journeys using crowd-sourced map data.
- VitreaTeach (Vital Images, Inc.) is an educational tool that radiology residents and practicing radiologists can use to save, manage, and share medical images.
- Wakelicious (Utopian Army, The Netherlands) is an alarm clock that wakes you up by playing YouTube videos sent by your friends.
Workflow Applications
- The Climate Action Planning Tool (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) helps organizations reduce their carbon emissions.
- eReview (International Monetary Fund, IMF) integrates complex business functions into an organization's intranet.
- The self-service Eventbrite (Eventbrite Inc.) software tool helps event hosts organize, sell, and manage tickets for events. The Create Event workflow, which won the award, helps users set up a new event within Eventbrite's online system.
- The Hobsons CRM (Hobsons, Inc.) product-suggestion portal tool lets customers make comments and suggestions.
Multi-Platform Applications
- Dixio (Semantix Group SL, Spain) offers users multiplatform lookup capabilities.
- Highlight (Cohdoo, LLC) lets users with iOS devices make audio recordings, mark interesting points, and share recordings with others.
- The Mobile Unified Communication client (Verizon Wireless) lets business customers link their mobile and business lines.
In contrast to our other design awards, we decided to split the application award into categories. It doesn't make sense to judge small consumer apps that do a single thing together with huge enterprise applications that manipulate immense sets of convoluted data—such as the 4 million different bonds that traders manage through BondWorks. Workflow applications that integrate many steps or coordinate several user roles have still different requirements, as do multi-platform apps that work across several devices.
Solving a big problem is more difficult than solving a small problem. However, if your app does only one thing, it had better to it really, really well. So, the criteria for polish are stricter for small applications than for enterprise applications. With thousands of screens in some applications, they can't all be perfect, but the flow between screens and the ability to select the correct feature for any given situation must be great. So, instead of comparing apples and oranges, we decided to judge each application style in relation to its peers and select the best designs in each category.
That we would ever classify a radiology application as "lightweight" defies the imagination, but it's appropriate in the case of VitreaTeach because it focuses on one thing: allowing residents and experienced radiologists to manage images for learning purposes. We might even call it the Pinterest of medical science. But, of course, Pinterest itself wouldn't work for radiologists — partly because of the privacy concerns for any medical information and partly because of the benefits that domain-specific features provide.
For example, VitreaTeach both offers special access to cases from the user's own hospital and knows something about anatomy and pathology. Interestingly, one of the things that make the design cleaner than other medical systems is the simple tagging that provides much of the taxonomy support for the images. Designers simplified tagging after user research found that full, formal anatomy and pathology taxonomy hierarchies added too much overhead.
Augmenting Human Capabilities
Software's real goal should not be to simply process transactions in a system where users are nothing more than data operators who click required buttons to make things happen. Rather, software should work to augment human capabilities, helping us to overcome weaknesses and emphasize our strengths.
A vital way for computers to help users is to direct their attention to a smaller number of important issues instead of overwhelming them with all possible options. For example, BondWorks originally presented 85 attributes of tradable bonds on the search results screen. However, search log analysis showed that nearly three quarters of users were searching on only 10 of the attributes, so the screen was redesigned to focus on those attributes.
OEConnection proactively takes the next step when a spare part is backordered from the manufacturer: the software automatically proceeds to search other dealers' inventory for the desired part. Traditionally, users would have had to issue each type of search separately from separate application areas. But that's exactly the approach that turns humans into robotic button-ushers; better to turn the computer into a problem-solving tool that understands the domain and lets users expend their brainpower on higher-level issues.
As another example, the Highlight application's basic feature is to make audio recordings searchable by letting users add a marker when something interesting occurs. For real-world tasks — such as conducting interviews or sitting in a foreign-language class — users wouldn't actually know that "something interesting" was being recorded until after it happened. To accommodate this common scenario, the application has an offset feature that automatically places the marker into the recording a certain number of seconds before the button is pushed. Instant time travel.
More to the point, Highlight uses the computer's flexibility to augment human skills by taking over the tedious job of rewinding the recording when users realize that something interesting should have been marked. This reduces users' cognitive load and frees them to concentrate on listening to the event they're recording instead of attending to the device.
Another simple way Highlight augments human capabilities is in its ability to associate a picture with each recording. This is particularly simple when doing interviews, where users can snap a photo of the interviewee with the same phone that's recording the audio. These photos come in handy later when retrieving recordings from long lists, because it's often easier for our poor brains to associate an interview with the person's photo instead of relying on a textual description.
We also saw a trend to focus screen real-estate allocations on the information that's most important in the current context, while showing less UI chrome. More content, less application overhead.
Some winning applications had special small control panels for direct access to important operations that would usually have required a switch in context. This doesn't quite equate to a modeless design, because complex applications do tend to have several distinct stages or areas of workflow and data. But surfacing crucial features to live above the regular UI architecture is yet another way of empowering users to act on their insights instead of delaying them by the rigid demands of the way the application is structured.
Linear Workflow and Wizards
We want to empower users to be creative and accomplish advanced things with our software. But we should also recognize that users sometimes just want to get their tasks done without having to explore numerous options and new ideas.
To speed users through infrequent or complicated tasks, it's often good to present a linear workflow with minimal disruptions or alternatives. Yes, the lack of flexibility can feel constraining, but it can be faster to just power through all the steps instead of having to ponder which steps are needed. Also, the cost of too much freedom is that users have to decide the order of the steps — something that they're often happy enough to delegate to the computer.
Wizards are the classic approach to linear workflows, and several winning applications include nicely designed wizards. The Climate Action Planning Tool uses the simpler approach of offering numbered steps to guide users. An early design included a Before You Start step, but user studies showed that people ignored it. In the final design, the Before activities appear under Step 1: Gather Baseline Energy Consumption Data . Users just want to get going, so you need to be somewhat heavy-handed if setup work is required before starting the real activity.
Wizards don't work for everything. In user testing, Eventbrite developers discovered problems with a wizard for creating new events in the system. Because users' mental models of setting up a new event didn't include all the necessary steps, they often dropped off and didn't complete the wizard. So, the team decided instead to go with a 2-step process in which users first entered all the information and then customized their pages.
When creating a linear workflow, take care not to signal to users that they can ignore subsequent steps — unless it's true. For example, after the first 6 steps, Eventbrite's workflow was as follows:
- Step 7: Change the color scheme on the registration page.
- Step 8: Choose privacy settings.
It might have seemed logical to first fully create the thing that the privacy would apply to, and then to choose the privacy settings. To some users, however, Step 7 signaled that all the "real" set-up was done and that the remaining steps would be frivolous decorating. If they didn't care about the decor or were satisfied with the default colors, some people simply stopped at Step 7 and never got to the privacy options.
Living in an Ecosystem
A major trend among the winning applications is a modularized approach to the total user experience, with major features outsourced to other applications. Designers accept that their product will live in an ecosystem of other applications (and websites) and that users will often prefer to do certain things elsewhere in that ecosystem.
Relying on other applications to perform work for your app is obviously not a new idea. Having applications work together goes back at least to the pipes in Unix. But we see this done more often now than in years past, when a more monolithic approach was common.
Unless you're IBM or Google, you'll never build a spreadsheet that rivals Excel. Furthermore, most business users already own Excel and know how to use it. Thus, instead of building spreadsheet-like features into your application, it might be better to find a smooth way to integrate with Excel through data export and import. Many data-rich applications among our winners chose this course.
As another example, Wakelicious didn't implement a complete system for uploading and storing videos for Internet playback. Instead, it offers a simple integration with YouTube, which not only saved the team tremendous development effort but also gives users access to a pre-populated content library from which to choose wakeup calls to send their friends.
One caveat about relying on other software is that it's often best to modify or simplify the user interfaces to fit the needs of your users; because of its broader purview, 3rd-party software often embodies unneeded complexity that it's best to hide. eReview, for example, built on top of SharePoint but designed a more streamlined process than the one provided out-of-the-box.
Although it's great to leverage existing applications and Internet resources, applications must also provide their own value-add in their core domain. This was most clearly shown by the Climate Action Planning Tool, which actually started out as a regular Excel spreadsheet that could perform the necessary calculations. Developing it into a real application to guide facilities managers through the workflow — and explain and illustrate the complicated concepts involved in reducing CO2 — made the experience much more successful.
Super-Tooltips: Interaction Design Technique of the Year
In Application Design Showcase #1, we declared the lightbox to be the interaction design technique of the year. This time, we saw improvements in a broad range of interaction techniques but no single new widget that was widely used.
Several applications, however, enhanced an old idea: the tooltip. These "super" tooltips stretch far beyond their original intent and thus earned the spot as the year's most improved interaction design technique. Emerging in the 1990s, tooltips (or "bubble help") started off by providing small explanatory texts that appeared as contextual help when the user pointed to a command button or other interface element.
The new super-tooltip isn't really a "tip," but we'll stick to this well-established name with its long history in GUI development. A super-tooltip is actually an explanatory pop-up that appears as a rollover effect when users point to an item in the user interface. This "item" might be a command or a button — as with traditional tooltips — but it can also be a user-created object, such as a message or product order. The following screenshot shows a typical super-tooltip visual design:
Example of a super-tooltip from Eventbrite.
In addition to static help text, super-tooltips usually contain dynamic status information about the object that users are pointing to. This lets users see the information in the context of a larger overview screen, instead of having to click through to a separate screen with detailed object properties and editing options. Super-tooltips are thus particularly suited to complex applications with many data objects that users must consider together.
The super-tooltip shouldn't include editing options; it should be for information only, since it appears on hover and disappears when users move the mouse. Users should also retain the option to click through to a specific screen that's optimized for viewing and revising an object's properties in greater detail.
The entire Dixio application could be viewed as an even more souped-up super-tooltip. However, that wouldn't be entirely accurate because Dixio explanations appear when users double-tap (or long-tap) a word. Thus, it's not a rollover/hover effect and has to be explicitly dismissed.
Usability Methods
Most winners extensively employed a wide variety of usability methods , which is certainly one reason they ended up with such good user interfaces. Iterative design and user testing were particularly common and frequently used to grind down complexity relative to early design ideas that seemed good but proved too difficult. Another common trend was the steady reduction in documentation and help text throughout the iterations, as user testing repeatedly revealed the old lesson that users don't read very much.
Simple user testing with a handful of users can often substantially improve product success, and was used by 85% of the winning projects. For example, an early design for the Mobile Unified Communication client used the command Add Call for placing a new phone call while putting the current party on hold. Although this seems logical enough, it was confusing to users who thought the command was for conference calls. Changing the command label to New Line did the trick.
One-third of the winners used field studies (also known as ethnography ), venturing onsite to observe users' natural behaviors in their own environments. From BondWorks sitting with brokers as they made deals, to OEConnection hanging out in dealership parts departments, to VitreaTeach watching radiologists at hospitals, domain-specific applications require domain-specific user research.
Although it seems obvious that domain-specific applications need field studies, most design projects in the past typically did without them. When we analyzed the first decade of Intranet Design Annual winners, we found that field studies were used by only 10% of the winners from 2001–2003 and just 23% of winners from 2007–2009. Although this represented more than a doubling within a single decade, it's still sad that less than a quarter of good intranet teams ran field studies at decade's end. Going from a quarter of projects to a third in a few years shows continued progress for this important method.
In addition to field studies, we also saw substantial growth in a usability method that was often overlooked in the past: sitting in on support calls. Knowing why customers call with problems is a prime way to discover pain points — as long as you recognize that a customer's description of the problem might be far afield from the underlying root cause that the redesign must address.
(Full report with all award-winning application designs is available for download.)
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Most investment treaties include two arbitral clauses: one permitting investor-state arbitration and another permitting state-to-state arbitration. However, almost no analysis exists about the extent and limits of state-to-state arbitration or how such arbitration interacts with investor-state arbitration conducted under the same treaty. A number of recent cases - including Peru v Chile, Italy v Cuba and Ecuador v United States - are focusing a spotlight on these issues. State-to-state clauses typically permit claims about the "interpretation and/or application" of the treaty. But does this mean that states can bring interpretive claims that would affect ongoing investor-state disputes or bind future investor-state tribunals? Can a home state bring and/or settle a diplomatic protection claim on behalf of its investors, even if those investors do not consent? These and many other questions remain unanswered. To discuss them, please join us in a conversation with:
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Who We Are
The mission of the Office of GIS is to oversee the implementation of GIS technology among state agencies and to provide statewide leadership in the development of New Jersey's spatial data infrastructure.
How GIS Works
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology is a computer-based data collection, storage, and analysis tool that can combine information from disparate sources into easily understood maps. GIS can perform complicated analytical functions and then present the results visually as maps, tables or graphs, allowing decision-makers to see the issues before them and then select the best course of action.
What We Do
Application DevelopmentOGIS consults with other state agencies to help them integrate GIS technology into their agency operations. GIS technology not only enhances an agency's decision-making abilities, but also helps it deliver services to the public more efficiently and effectively. The following applications were cooperatively developed:
Site Evaluator (for business)NJ GeoWeb Tax List SearchBroadband MappingNJ Information WarehouseCongressional DistrictsNJGIN ExplorerStatewide CoordinationOGIS coordinates a number of GIS teams, committees, and user groups, the largest of which is:
New Jersey Geospatial ForumThe New Jersey Geospatial Forum represents the various constituencies of the State's GIS Community.
Initiated by the New Jersey Office of Information Technology, Office of GIS, the New Jersey Geospatial Forum is designed to:
An Executive Committee governs the New Jersey Geospatial Forum. The Executive Committee consists of ten members who represent federal, state, county, and municipal government, the private sector, regional authorities or metropolitan planning organizations, licensed Professional Land Surveyors, GIS non-government organizations, and higher education and K-12 institutions in New Jersey.
Both New Jersey Geospatial Forum meetings and Executive Committee meetings are open to the public. Information on upcoming meetings is posted on the NJ Geospatial Forum Site.
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I'm wondering why some people release software as freeware, yet they don't release the source code. Why is that? I can think of some reasons, yet most of them don't make very much sense. Why would you want to keep the source closed but let the program be freely available (free of charge, not free as in freedom)?
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Hmm, what comes to my mind is
One of my favorite productivity tools is freeware. I asked the author about the source one time, and he said he couldn't release it because it contains a lot of proprietary code that belongs to his employer. So I suppose that his employer doesn't mind it being used in a free tool, but that it's also being used in their commercial products and they don't want to give away the code to it.
One I don't see here yet - because the source code has value in itself, separate from the application as a whole.
If you have useful libraries that you've written, you're likely to use them even in projects that you intend to give away. That doesn't mean you're willing to give that library source code away. And without those libraries, the rest of the source code is probably worthless.
If you give away library source code that you've developed over a period of years, you're giving a competitive advantage away - very likely to your competitors.
One thing that I think is often relevant, though - that code probably includes libraries that have had time, effort and even emotions invested in them over a period of years. It would be like inviting thousands of people to read our diaries.
Good answer by Pekka, I'd add that exposing the source code may also increase your risk of exposing security vulnerabilities, which can be either an advantage or a disadvantage depending on who notices them :)
There have been 2 great answers so far but here are my reasons that I can see:
For #1, if the product is free and the person isn't seeing any profits from it, they may not feel like having to deal with hosting the source code and making sure that they update it whenever they make changes. Now, I know that it isn't that big of a hassel but who knows, it may be big enough to discourage some
For #2, if they use a freemium model, then releasing source will basically allow people to add in the features that they charge for and cost the developer money.
For #3, I think that it has been a tradition (of sorts) for Windows programs not to be open source (no facts to back me up so I could be wrong). Windows has been a closed-source platform so it isn't expected to release source for something that is free. The original question doesn't specifically mention Windows, but that is where I see the majority of free but not open source software.
I have several freeware apps for which I wont provide source code. The main reason is because they share large amounts of code with commercial applications. Consider something like a document viewer... that still needs the rendering system of its commercial cousin, a document creator. Another reason is some of the apps also use non-open sourced 3rd party components.
I provide open source code as sort of a community service idea, and as a portfolio idea.
If I was selling software directly - I don't, I'm employed in a position where the company sells the product, not me - I would more than happy to sell my software as closed source. Allowing competitors to look over my code and reduce my competitive advantage is not in my best interest, as a rule.
Put another way, I do not consider releasing software as open source to be a moral imperative.
Despite the general bad idea that security-through-obscurity is, in the malware removal field, its a constant cat and mouse game between those of us who write analysis/removal tools, and those writing cleverer and cleverer malware. Sometimes we release a tool freely to users to use, but try to obfuscate the tool's operation in order to make it more difficult for malware authors to defeat the defeat tool :)
This is obviously atypical for most software, but it's something I see all the time.


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15 Feb 2013 5:17 AM #1
Unanswered: centering content inside a HorizonatalLayoutContainer child
I have a HorizontalLayoutContainer with a child layoutData that sets width="1". I want to use a CenteredLayoutContainer in the child. But CenteredLayoutContainer, set's its parent container to positionable and causes the width="1" to be ignored.
How can I center the widgets inside a HorizontalLayoutContainer child and keep the width="1"?
16 Feb 2013 8:58 PM #2
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I'm trying to picture what you're actually trying to accomplish here. A width of 1.0 means 100% which doesn't make sense for centering.
Is there any way you can post a screenshot of what you want to happen and what is happening?
17 Feb 2013 6:00 PM #3
I have 3 columns in an hbox. The center column takes as much width as it needs, I.e. -1. The left and right column take the rest, I.e. 1.
I want to add a label in the left column that is centered within the column.


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How often are you detained? And how do you feel about it?
Lately I've had several incidences of people not using their blinker when it directly affects me. I'm waiting to turn, they are coming toward me and so I wait and then they turn and I'm like, "I could have gone already but was waiting for you! Thanks a LOT!" So I'm telling my wife about how inconsiderate some people are and I go, "I could shaved like 1.3 seconds off my travel time had they used their blinker!"
I have a friend who is always waiting on his family. He's one of those guys who thinks 15 minutes early is on time (I don't get that!). I think the rest of his family live by the 30 min late rule.
We get detained by a lot of things. Family. Cars on the road. Accidents. Work. Overtime of the game. "One more level and then..."
But it occurred to me this morning as I read 1 Samuel 21 that it has been way too long since I was detained by God. Here's what got me thinking about it, Verse 7 talks about a man named Doeg the Edomite. He was king Saul's chief shepherd and was at the Tabernacle. The text just says that he was, "detained before the Lord." We don't know why he was there but only that he stayed longer than planned.
Have you ever been detained by the Lord? Showed up to church and then just didn't want to leave? Been in a time of prayer that just went on longer than you expected it to?
It doesn't happen very often to me, but there have been a few times when I just didn't want to leave. I didn't want the music to end. I needed more. More of Him. Nothing strange or mystical happens, you just get to enjoy the presence of God a little longer.
I asked God to give me a heart that was moved by His Spirit. To detain me. I need Him to interrupt my life and get me on His schedule. To re-align my priorities and my focus. To help me get tuned in and synched up with His will, His way, His plan.
Father, detain me and let me bask in your presence. Refresh my spirit with your presence. Renew me and give me a new heart. Let me spend a little extra time with You. Amen.


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CMLC supports Muddy Sneakers with grant
Published: Tuesday, November 27, 2012 at 4:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Monday, November 26, 2012 at 5:43 p.m.
A grant awarded to Carolina Mountain Land Conservancy will help support the outdoor-based curriculum provided by Muddy Sneakers in Henderson County elementary schools.
The grant provides $4,000 to fund Muddy Sneakers expeditions at Edneyville Elementary and The Mountain Community School in Hendersonville.
Muddy Sneakers provides field-based experiential education to fifth-grade students at public schools across Western North Carolina. The program's mission is to awaken in children a deeply felt connection with the natural world, one that inspires curiosity, stimulates learning, and brings new life to classroom performance.
Founded by CMLC-conservation landowner Sandy Schenck, Muddy Sneakers is now in its fifth year of programming, serving 16 schools across five WNC school districts. Muddy Sneakers has developed curriculum for expeditions at the CMLC-conserved Green River Preserve and CMLC-owned Florence Nature Preserve properties.
"Muddy Sneakers cannot begin to express our gratitude to CMLC for securing this significant funding," said the organization's new executive director, Ryan Olson. "This funding is precedent in our continued partnership and shows an incredible commitment by CMLC to support education that directly ties into creating the next generation of conservationists."
The grant was awarded by the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation through the Conservation Trust for North Carolina. In the last eight years, CTNC has directed more than $10 million of private and public funding to local land trusts in North Carolina.
CMLC protects land to benefit the quality of life of residents and visitors in Henderson, Transylvania, Polk, and surrounding counties. Since 1994, the land trust has protected more than 23,000 acres of natural lands in our mountains. For more information, visit www.carolinamountain.org.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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As discussed in some earlier questions Rainbows are a bad Omen yet we are Halachicly commanded to make a Bracha on it. The Gemara in Chagigah (16A) says you may not gaze at one so how do you make the Bracha on the bad omen you are not supposed to look at?
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You are not supposed to gaze at it, however if you notice it you make a Bracha.
When one sees a rainbow a bracha should be made. However, one should be careful not to stare at a rainbow for too long (Orach Chaim 229:1).
The Be'er Hataiv 2 in Orach Chaim 229:1 says that looking at a rainbow weakens the eyes.


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Fertility & Conception
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Cra-Z-Art Dry Erase Calendar Board, Contemporary Basic White Plastic Frame, with Marker and Two… for $14.99
Magnetic Dry Erase Board
Contemporary Basic Sleek Silver Plastic Frame with Marker and Two Magnets
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Magnetic Dry Erase Board
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Never-ending savings are still to be found on Deals.Woot each and every day, so come on in. Don't think of it as a time for tears. Think of it as a way to bring us all closer together under one roof.
We restrict voting to users who have purchased something from one of the other Woot stores. It's not just because we want your money (which we do) - it's the best way to be sure all the votes are coming from real people and not spam-bots or phony accounts. The best way we can think of, anyway. For now.
You can always get voting rights by buying something from one of Woot's other sites:
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Don't get us wrong. Negativity has its place. And downvotes are just as essential as upvotes when it comes to making Deals.Woot a useful place to find deals.
But when your votes lean so heavily toward the dark side, we have to wonder. Go vote up a few things. Accentuate the positive for a little while. It'll do you some good, and it'll do the site some good, too. Then you can get back to dealing out the smackdowns, OK?
Well, that's a bit tricky. See, we do a lot of stuff with your vote, using it to work out the popularity of what you voted for, compare that to all the other things voted on, tally up our leaderboard, work out your reputation. Someday we'll do a little cartoon showing just how hard your vote is working.
Anyway, taking votes back messes all that up, so we give you five minutes, in case you just mis-clicked. After that we've got to say no take-backs. Luckily, votes are free, so feel free to throw them around left and right wherever you see fit.


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text: Does anyone know of an anime called Sora no Otoshimono? Well, apparently there are members that love the series and because of this, I have received several requests for me to make a tutorial on "how to draw Tomoki Sakurai", step by step. I have been uploading a lot of anime related lessons because I know that there is a lot of members and visitors that really love drawing anime. Tomoki is the main protagonist of the series. He is said to be a teenager with a normal childhood or basically lives a normal life. His style is pretty simple, your normal school uniform when he's out, and when he's home he likes to rock his pj's. When Tomoki meets Ikaros his whole life changes, hopefully not for the worst, but for the best. Drawing Tomoki will enable you to create more characters from the Sora no Otoshimono series because once you make one, you can make them all. Have fun guys and remember to leave comments, ratings and also be sure to fav this tutorial if you love it.