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Ford 385 Series Big-Block Engine - World's Best Boss!Written by on November 19, 2013 Contributors: Johnny Hunkins, Robert McGaffin An all-new, raised-runner Boss cylinder head transforms Ford Shotgun motors from rare eye candy to legit horsepower monsters
At PHR's annual engine-building shootout, the AMSOIL Engine Masters Challenge, many of the competitors fall into one of two camps. There are the guys whose engine platform of choice is the one that they feel best stacks the edicts of the rulebook in their favor. Let's call them the pragmatists. Since making horsepower is all about optimizing airflow, it's not surprising that the engine platforms with the broadest selection of potent induction components are often the most popular. At the other end of the spectrum, there are guys who will build their favorite engine platform of choice no matter what, rules be damned. Let's call them the passionate loyalists. From Cammer Fords and Pontiacs, to AMCs and Buicks, thank goodness for the men who love these motors, because they're the ones who add a big wallop of intrigue and spice to the competition.
Todd Miller of TM Enterprises is a Ford Boss 429 fanatic, and for him the choice was between building a Boss motor or building nothing. He loves the Boss platform so much that he personally developed an all-new hemi cylinder head casting that bolts up to any Ford 385-series big-block. We say personally because Miller's a foundry mold and pattern maker by trade, not an engine builder, and he painstakingly dedicated his free time to designing a set of brand-new cylinder heads for the Boss faithful. Not only does the AMSOIL Engine Masters Challenge provide a great excuse to show off his new Boss head, but the lessons learned from competition also serve as a great opportunity to further refine and develop the TME product line.
Seriously Big Boy
Among the 31 engines that competed in the 2012 AMSOIL Engine Masters Challenge, TME's Shotgun Ford was the largest at 545 ci. In fact, most of the top finishers in the Street Division fielded motors that measured 100-150ci smaller, which is no coincidence. While the EMC scoring system divides the horsepower and torque averages of an engine by its cubic inch total to neutralize the benefits of larger displacement, all Street Division engines must exhale through a pair of 3-inch Flowmaster mufflers. This presents a substantial handicap for larger engine combinations, but Miller didn't care. "A 545 is way too big of a motor for the small exhaust you have to run, but this short-block is basically a test mule for our parts development, which means it has to be representative of what one of our customers would build for a street car. A small-bore, long-stroke motor with half the intake port volume filled in would be a better setup to score a lot of points with, but this engine isn't a dyno queen or a ringer by any means," Miller explains. "Given the tremendous airflow capabilities of the Boss cylinder heads, in a street application there's no reason to bolt them to a small motor. These Boss motors love lots of cubic inches. Since it doesn't cost any more to build a bigger motor and you have the cylinder heads to feed it, you might as well put a long-arm crank in it and let it eat."
A closer examination of the Ford 385-series big-block architecture reveals why Miller decided to defy convention and go big. Simply put, big-block Fords are easy to build big, but it's hard to make them small. With a 4.900-inch bore spacing and a 4.360-inch bore, a factory 460 Ford dwarfs the 4.840-inch bore spacing and 4.250-inch bore of a 454 Chevy. Furthermore, while the 4.390-inch bore dimensions Miller settled upon might seem somewhat large, Blue Oval boys routinely open them up to 4.440 inches and larger. When it comes to deck height, the 385-series block stands tall at 10.322 inches with a cam tunnel pushed way up high in the block. This allowed Miller to drop in a 4.500-inch Scat forged crankshaft without having to grind down the rods or crankcase for clearance. He matched them up with a set of Scat H-beam 6.800-inch steel rods and Diamond 10.5:1 pistons. In contrast, a 9.800-inch deck factory 454 Chevy block typically requires a fair amount of grinding with a 4.250-inch stroke. In other words, big-block Fords beg for big cubic inches, and it's no wonder that hot rodders often build them as large as 557 ci.
Practicality notwithstanding, the TME 545 more than held its own for a combination that wasn't optimized for the EMC competition, finishing 12th out of 20 entries in the Street Division. Much of that success is attributable to the combined brainpower of Miller and his partner in crime, Eric Simone of Shotgun Hemi Parts. Simone has done just about everything in a distinguished career that includes engine development work for Ford Racing, Roush-Fenway Racing's NASCAR program, IHRA Pro Stock, and NMRA Outlaw 10.5. Likewise, he has entered several of his own motors in past EMC competitions. In an effort to boost low and midrange torque, Miller and Simone spec'd out an under-square short-block that combines a 4.390-inch bore and a 4.500-inch stroke. Likewise, the COMP hydraulic roller cam provides .799-inch lift, but duration was limited to a conservative 248 degrees at .050. A tight 108-degree lobe separation angle shifts the power curve to the low and midrange as well. "The idea with the cam was to pick the valves up into the fat part of the lift curve where the heads move a lot of air, but then keep the duration relatively short to increase low and midrange output," Simone explains.
Head Games
To understand what would drive a man to dedicate years of his spare time designing an all-new Ford hemi cylinder head requires understanding the mystique of the fabled Boss engine program. In an effort to chase down the dominant Chrysler Hemis in NASCAR, Ford unveiled the super-trick 427 Cammer in response. Unfortunately, NASCAR banned the Cammer from competition in 1965, which prompted Ford engineers to whip up their own pushrod hemi cylinder heads. Upon bolting these heads to a fortified 385-series short-block, the Boss 429 was born. It promptly mopped up at the '69 Daytona 500 and remained dominant throughout the 1970 season until Ford execs decided the Boss program was too expensive and pulled the plug. NASCAR homologation rules required selling just 500 Boss motors in street cars during each of those two seasons, so the number of original Boss cylinder heads still in existence is extremely scarce. Those that have survived are often in poor shape and command staggering price premiums.
These factors set the stage for Miller to design his own Boss cylinder heads, which are distributed exclusively through Shotgun Hemi Parts (www.ShotgunHemiParts.com). To ensure compatibility with plain-Jane 385-series short-blocks, the first order of business was eliminating the quirks of the factory Boss heads. Unlike the factory heads that relied on clumsy O-rings to seal the cylinders and water passages, the TME heads use a modified version of a standard Fel-Pro gasket. TME also reinforced the bolt support columns to allow for much greater fastener torque values, clamping force, and casting stability than the factory Boss heads. To further enhance durability, TME subjects its heads to a modern T6 heat-treating process as well. The only other modifications required to bolt a set of TME heads to a standard big-block Ford are routing a pair of external oil drain-backs to the oil pan, and slightly notching the deck surface of the block for pushrod clearance.
For the 2012 AMSOIL Engine Masters Challenge, Miller busted out the third generation of this Boss cylinder head. TME's standard Boss heads feature CNC-machined ports in the factory locations to maintain compatibility with factory intake and exhaust manifolds. Even so, they flow a stout 440 cfm, and have already proven themselves in past EMC competitions. For the 2012 contest, TME went back to the drawing board with an all-new, raised-runner design. "The valve angles with these new heads are still in the factory location, but the intake ports have been raised nearly ⅞ inch. This decreases the angle of the short-turn radius, gives the air a much straighter shot to the intake valve, and reduces air/fuel separation," Miller explains. "Right out of the CNC machine, the intake ports flow 480 cfm. These aren't the kind of ports you'd normally take to EMC, but most of our customers aren't going to fill in the port floors so we didn't, either. As it sits, this is a prototype port design, and we're looking to squeeze some more flow out of it in the near future."
Shelf Induction
Fancy cylinder heads often require custom one-off intake manifolds and supporting hardware, but TME wanted to maintain compatibility with existing off-the-shelf parts. As such, TME's new high-port heads mate up perfectly with cast single-plane manifolds offered by C&C Motorsports. For his 545, Miller filled the plenum floor ¼ inch with epoxy in an attempt to boost air velocity. The intake has been modified for a set of 65-lb/hr fuel injectors, and is fed by a FAST 2,000-cfm four-barrel throttle-body. Managing the fuel and spark control is a FAST XFI fuel-injection system along with an MSD ignition.
Big Horsepower Corked, Bigger Horsepower Uncorked
Despite the concessions made to ensure that the TME 545 Ford was built more like a customer's motor than a combination optimized for EMC, the Boss kicked out 751 hp at 6,200 rpm and 704 lb-ft of torque at 4,800 rpm. The original Boss 429 earned a reputation for peaky high-rpm performance, but when modern cylinder head technology gets combined with proven hemi architecture and 545 ci, the result is 605 lb-ft at just 2,700 rpm. Mind you, all of this is through a set of 3-inch mufflers.
Naturally, figures like that make you wonder how much a combo like this would put out in uncorked trim. "Before packing up the motor for EMC, we ran this exact same engine combo through 4-inch collectors and an open exhaust on a local dyno, and it made 880 hp at 6,500 rpm. We're looking into revising the combustion chamber design, so there's probably even more power left in the package," Miller says. Nevertheless, rules are rules, everyone in the Street Division had to run their engines through the same 3-inch mufflers, and a 12th Place finish is a 12th Place finish. Even so, Miller's infatuation and dedication to the Boss platform means that big-block Ford enthusiasts now have a devastating new weapon at their disposal that looks a lot like the original Boss 429 head.
|545ci Ford Big-Block Hemi
|4.390 inches
|4.500 inches
|545 ci
|Compression ratio:
|COMP Cams solid roller
|Camshaft duration:
|248/248 degrees at .050-inch tappet rise
|Valve lift:
|.799/.799 inch
|Rocker ratio:
|T&D 1.75:1 ratio
|Piston rings:
|Total Seal; 1/16, 1/16, 3/16
|Diamond flat-top
|Factory Ford 429/460
|Scat forged
|Scat 6.800-inch H-beam
|Cylinder head:
|TM Enterprises Boss 429 castings
|Intake valve diameter:
|2.450 inches
|Exhaust valve diameter:
|1.900 inches
|Intake manifold
|C&C Motorsports single-plane
|FAST 2,000-cfm four-barrel
|Engine management
|Hedman 2.125-inch primary
|Dual MSD 6AL-2
|Ford Racing
|545ci Ford Big-Block Hemi
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
The square intake ports on TME's prototype Boss heads are a stark departure from the standard round ports found on the factory castings. Miller says, the cross-sectional area of these new ports is similar to TME's standard Boss heads, but they flow an additional 40 cfm. Unlike an inline wedge head, there is no pushrod pinch area to deal with, which offers tremendous flexibility in port design.Custom sheetmetal intake manifolds cost big bucks, so with some forward thinking, Miller designed the TME heads to be fully compatible with off-the-shelf cast single-plane intakes such as those offered by C&C Motorsports. The intake flange accommodates 4,500-series carbs or throttle-bodies. TME modified it for a set of 65-lb/hr fuel injectors heisted off of a quartet of Jet Ski motors.The stock Boss valvetrain will bolt right up to the TME heads, but Miller opted to upgrade to T&D 1.75:1 shaft-mount rocker arms for extra stability. The valvesprings and titanium retainers and locks are from COMP Cams.In an effort to reduce the plenum volume of the intake manifold, the floor was filled 1/4-inch with epoxy. TME attempted to fill in the runners as well, but couldn't reach down into them very far.The TME 545 boasts a unique dual spark plug design that's fed off a pair of MSD distributors and two 6AL-2 ignition boxes. One distributor mounts in the block at the standard factory location, while a second distributor is mounted on the timing cover courtesy of an MSD beltdrive system. Although Miller didn't see much of a horsepower gain on the 545, he feels the dual-plug arrangement has potential in a high-rpm, race gas, high-compression motor.


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I have years of experience programming in Swing. I specialize in Java database applications. Let me know your requirements.
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subset: commoncrawl


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The 7 Most Insane Things Ever Done to Get Out of Something
#3. He Got All B's
Report Card day: Well into adulthood, the phrase still holds some ancient, primeval terror. The syllables themselves summoning dread and insecurity from the depths of the human psyche. As distracting and intolerable as you try to make their lives, parents just never seem to forget about report card day.
So What Do You Do?
You can run home every afternoon, hoping to God that your mom hasn't checked the mail yet, and then dispose of it if you're desperate, or alter it if you're skillful enough. Or else, God forbid we even mention it, you could take the punishment and buckle down, apply yourself and take your education seriously.
Or you can fake a kidnapping!
A young boy from Alabama claimed that, after leaving school on report card day, he was abducted by a man with a pistol and forced into his car. But with a cool head, quick thinking, cat-like reflexes and probably a really hot girlfriend across town (she goes to a different school; you wouldn't know her), the boy managed to escape and leapt from the vehicle to safety. Sadly, however, his book bag--along with his report card--had to be left in the car. He barely had time enough to grab his band instrument before fleeing.
"Get in the car, kid. And bring that classy instrument with you."
The police and the boy's parents, presumably too jaded to believe in the invisibility-granting powers of the boy's magical trumpet, became suspicious at this detail, and he later confessed to making the whole thing up.
Not the girlfriend though. She's totally real. And hot. And she can do the splits... both ways.
#2. If Life Gives You Lemons, Something Something Commit Felonies.
Time makes fools of us all: One day you wake up, realize your marriage has fallen apart, your job sucks and you can't even pay the child support to the kid who won't even talk to you anymore. It's crushing and sad and futile. You're just not sure if you can face another day in this place...
So What Do You Do?
Maybe you can just try to take some night classes at the community college, or check out this online dating scene or see if your kid wants to get some ice cream this weekend. And then, if he says no, you can just frame yourself for a crime and go to prison.
Like Peter Laurence Axelrod, who robbed a bank despite having no interest in the money. He strode into the bank, gave the teller a threatening note, complete with his fingerprints and--oh yeah, his full name and address written on it--looked square into the security camera, presumably offering a resigned shrug before heading home to wait for the cops. See, Axelrod figured that federal prison (the uh, "better" prison?) was better than his crappy life, and they can't send bills there, so he'd just hop in for a few years while he figured his life out.
"Any minute now..."
The only problem being that the bank robbery didn't fall under federal jurisdiction, it came under state. Meaning state prison--the "worse" prison he was hoping to avoid. And he's not hopping in for a summer vacation, either; he's looking at a cool 25 years there. On the plus side, that's a lot of time to get your life together. On the downside: forced sodomy.
Oh, and that child support he didn't want to pay? It totaled less than $700. At the time of arrest, Axelrod was working as a personnel director, a job for which he was paid approximately $60,000 a year.
#1. It's a "Jump to Conclusions" Mat!
Life on the run is harrowing, stressful and dangerous. Every car is a cop's, every glance is accusatory, every friend a potential informant. Your nerves are shattered, your luck is running out and you simply cannot face the kind of hard time that's waiting for you on the other end of that justice system.
And by "hard time" we obviously mean "heaping bags of rape."
So What Do You Do?
One last mad dash to a country that doesn't extradite? Try to cop a plea deal? Face the music and throw yourself on the mercy of the court? Fake your own death?
Actually, that last one sounds pretty reasonable. If you can pull it off. In this day and age of constant connectivity and science fiction caliber monitoring technology, that's got to be damn near impossible. But, like Bennie Winnt, you've got nothing to lose. Believing the police were after him for drug charges, he faked his own death and went into hiding, living a secret life for the better part of 20 years. That all came crashing down, however, when he was pulled over in South Carolina by the state police. He tried to give a false name, but wouldn't you know it? They actually check that shit now!
After he confessed, police contacted his fiance, ex-wife and daughter (four years-old at the time of his "death") and told them their family member was alive after all these years. Furthermore, they informed him that, despite his confession, they were not going to arrest him, they were not currently patrolling the streets for him, that in fact at no time did they ever have a warrant out for his arrest and the only reason they pulled him over was because his license plate was expired.
Do you have an idea in mind that would make a great article? Then sign up for our writers workshop! Know way too much about a random topic? Create a topic page and you could be on the front page of Cracked.com tomorrow!
For more criminal stupidity, check out The 7 Most Retarded Criminal Excuses of All Time. And discover the best criminal defense the web has to offer, in The 5 Creepiest Defense Attorney Websites.
And stop by Linkstorm (Updated 07.21.10) to get punched in the genitals by the Internet.
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Circa 1960
A pair of sconces with faceted rectangular cut glass crystals on a chrome frame. Attributed to the Austrian maker Kinkeldey. Due to the antique nature of this fixture, there may be some nicks or imperfections in the glass.
Overall: 6" h. x 14-3/8" w. x 8" d.
Backplate: 4-3/8" h. x 4-3/8" w.
Can be UL listed for use in dry environments
4 Candelabra sockets, maximum 25 watts per socket
2" x 3" Vertical junction box recommended
See related antique: AHL3827
1 pair total available.
On display at our Greenwich showroom.


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Network Caller ID (or NCID) allows incoming call information for a regular landline telephone to be sent over a local network to display on computers and other devices. There are programs for OS X that can handle this, and there's even one solution that broadcasts to iOS devices via a computer using the Prowl app.
Is there is a solution to show NCID details on iOS that doesn't involve a computer?


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23 Mar 2012 2:24 PM #1
i18n Experiment with css content
Hi guys!
I have a simple experiment for doing internationalization. In this example I'm using css content properties to not reload the app when a lang changes. It works pretty nice but I'm not sure about the performance yet.
Check the example working at http://elmasse.gaver.nl/projects/bundle-css
Or see the code from github repo at https://github.com/elmasse/Ext.i18n....ee/css-content
As I said, this is an experiment. Maybe it can be ported to ExtJS so the impact of adding more dom elements is not as important as in mobile.
24 Mar 2012 6:51 AM #2
- Join Date
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I would be interested in performance. I am changing locale via JS so you don't need to reload to set locale.Mitchell Simoens @LikelyMitch
Sencha Inc, Senior Software Engineer
Check out my GitHub, lots of nice things for Ext JS 4 and Sencha Touch 2
Think my support is good? Get more personalized support via a support subscription. https://www.sencha.com/store/
Need more help with your app? Hire Sencha Services email@example.com
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27 Mar 2012 2:44 AM #3
Could you give an example of how you are doing internationalization via javascript? I have to do something like that for an app and i have been wondering how to do it.
Manuel Silva
27 Mar 2012 3:38 AM #4trainings / workshops / consulting: Sencha Touch / Ext JS
Profile on SenchaDevs
www: http://www.nils-dehl.de
twitter: nilsdehl
meetup: Sencha Touch / Ext JS Meetup Frankfurt
videos: http://vimeo.com/album/1621422
conference photos: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nils-dehl/


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Lord Of The Rings Trilogy (BD) (Extended Edition) with Exclusive Photo Set for $55.99 + free shipping
Through 8 am EST Sunday, HobbitShop.com (sister site to WBshop.com) has the Lord of the Rings Trilogy Extended Edition with Exclusive Photo Set on Blu-ray for 53% off.
Deluxe 15-Disc Set includes 9 Special Features DVDs with over 26 Hours of Spellbinding Behind-the-Moviemaking Material Including the Rare Costa Botes Documentaries and exclusive photo set.
2 Comments add a comment
Many people are commenting that Fellowship of the Ring has a terrible green tint throughout the movie that isn't present in the others. Buyer beware.
Daaaaamn, Gimli got dogged on that photo set. Where's the dwarf love?


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Re: LaserJet 4 print driver for Windows 7
Too complicated. Can't understand why MS never anticipates the problems their software causes.
Re: LaserJet 4 driver for Windows 7
re. "Windows Update". "unable to get a list of devices from Wndows Update. Please try again later."
Thanks for all the help. It took several hundred tries, but it finally loaded at midnight EDT. I have been trying for days to download the Laserjet 4 drivers for Windows 7, 64 bit.
I suspect the server is not capable of handeling all of the requests for the various drivers.
For those of you still trying it loaded on September 27, 2012.
Re: LaserJet 4 print driver for Windows 7[ Edited ]
10-02-2012 11:02 PM - edited 10-02-2012 11:05 PM
Kansa wrote:
Tried your suggestion of using the MS Catalog. I downloaded EVERY driver for a Laserjet 4 and 4M, expanded the Cab files and then tried to add using the add printer feature. It is looking for an .inf file and there is none to be found. Any other suggestions?
You only need one of the driver files, either the 11.6Mb one if you have 64 bit Windows 7, the 11.4Mb one if you have a 32 bit version. I just did this and it worked on my Windows 7 x64 system. You will need to expand the files from a DOS window as follows:
cd \temp (or wherever you saved the cab file)
md lj4 (or wherever you want to store the driver)
expand *.cab -F:* c:\temp\lj4
Then go to Start, Devices and Printers, Add a Printer, have disk and point it at the c:\temp\lj4 directory (or wherever you expanded the files). This directory will have three files, one is prnhp001.inf that you will select. There is also a directory Amd64 which has the actual files pointed to by the .inf file. This inf file has drivers for hundreds of HP printers, including many variations of the Laserjet 4.
My guess is that you used explorer to expand the cab file. This will default to putting all the driver files and the inf file in the same directory, that does not work properly.
Bob Headrick, HP Expert
I am not an employee of HP, I am a volunteer posting here on my own time.
If your problem is solved please click the "Accept as Solution" button ------------V
If my answer was helpful please click the "Thumbs Up" to say "Thank You"--V
Re: LaserJet 4 driver for Windows 7
Thanks.... you are a gentleman and a Scholar. It worked fine
Re: LaserJet 4 print driver for Windows 7
Followed all of your instructions and still couldn't get it to install. Exasperated, I tried the Windows Update again, and IT FINALLY WORKED after 7 weeks of trying! My baby LJ4 is now printing away. Thanks for your help -- you took me to web pages I never could have found on my own.
Re: LaserJet 4 print driver for Windows 7
Thanks The solution for updating via internet worked fine. Good work keep it up!
Re: LaserJet 4 driver for Windows 7
I need a printer driver for a Lazer Jet 4P for Windows 7
Re: LaserJet 4 driver for Windows 7
Since the driver problem is resolved do you know if there is an adapter for the parallel ports to make the one that goes to the computer smaller? I have a newer computer I'm trying to hook the laser jet 4 to.
Re: LaserJet 4 driver for Windows 7
I ordered a parallel to USB adapter on line (http://www.unitedintegral.com/skque-usb-to-paralle
Re: LaserJet 4 driver for Windows 7[ Edited ]
03-10-2013 10:53 PM - last edited on 03-11-2013 07:27 AM by OrnahP
I followed the instructions and it took a few minutes for "Windows Update" to provide a comprhensive list of HP printers including my HP LaserJet 4 Pro. But after the installation I was asked to print a test page and it printed on my HP OfficeJet 6500A Plus . The HP OfficeJet 6500A plus is installed as a network printer already. I guess that makes it cery confusing for the software to establish which one to use.
A further complication may be that the 6500 is on one of ports of the Bell Modem / Router and the LaserJet 4 Pro is on a switch hung of the Bell Modem /Router.
Both printers networked via my Windows 7 P.C.
Maybe you can't have two networked printer on the same P.C.? Maybe the 6500 needs to be unplugged so that the LaserJet 4 Pro can be discovered.
I guess I better delete the newly installed laserJet 4 from the printer list. Furthermore the picture of the LaserJet 4 that is shown is totally wrong.
Maybe things are more complicated.
[Personal Information Removed]


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Healthy Sardine Recipes (Slide 2)
(Slide 2 of 9) Start at the beginning | View recipes as list
Recipe: Tomato Toast with Sardines & Mint
View as: Thumbnails List
Greek Salad with Sardines
The fresh, tangy elements of a Greek salad—tomato, cucumber, feta, olives and lemony vinaigrette�…View slide
Tomato Toast with Sardines …
Washington, D.C.-based chef Barton Seaver is a passionate advocate for the health of the oceans. He�…View slide
Spring Salad with Tarragon …
A bold, layered salad that showcases sardines and asparagus, this beautiful dish adds variety to you…View slide
Bread & Tomato Salad
When it's too hot to cook, just step outside and gather tomatoes and basil from your garden, cut up …View slide
Sardines on Crackers
A protein-packed and portable snack.…View slide
Lemon-Garlic Sardine Fettuc…
Even sardine skeptics will enjoy this lemony pasta with crispy breadcrumbs. Substitute two 5- to 6-o…View slide
Smoky Artichoke-Sardine Salad
Smoked paprika and sherry vinegar add Spanish flair to the dressing of this artichoke-and-sardine sa…View slide
Romaine Wedges with Sardine…
Don't be afraid of the sardines in this healthy wedge salad recipe. Sardines are extremely nutriti…View slide


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There is a small, but strong underground movement going on and it's called Ugi®! U Got It! Ugi is a big, squishy medicine ball that comes in different weights that you can squeeze, toss, balance on and throw across the room! Total fun, creative and killer cardio and strength training all in one!
I had the great pleasure of meeting Sara Shears, creator of the Ugi ball and Personal Trainer to the stars in a small West Texas town over the weekend. Velocity Fitness in Kingsville hosted a Spinning Instructor Training on Saturday and a Ugi Workshop on Sunday. We spent the day learning how to create and combine tons of exercises for all fitness levels and completed TWO 30 minute Ugi workouts! Most of us burned around 500 calories in each 30 minute workout! Wow! Big bang for your buck! My core and legs are feeling the workout today!
You gotta check this out! U Got It!


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XP Project on final approach
Posted 31 December 2005 - 04:35 PM
Posted 02 July 2006 - 08:56 AM
Posted 02 July 2006 - 09:47 AM
Posted 02 July 2006 - 11:04 AM
Posted 02 July 2006 - 12:44 PM
Posted 02 July 2006 - 07:09 PM
Posted 14 July 2006 - 11:20 AM
What is that called a bolt action pistol /rifle thats neat i don't believe I ever saw anything like it before.
Posted 14 July 2006 - 01:30 PM
You and those darn muzzle brakes! One thing I noticed about Gary's gun. At least the bolt handle is on the right side for a left handed shooter.
I call that a noise maker. That sure must bark something fierce when fired. I think it needs a muzzle brake
Posted 15 July 2006 - 06:42 PM
Bolt action pistol, let's not say rifle cause that would attract the BATF liike a swarm of meat bees to a freshly butchered deer. It is a Remington XP-100 with an aftermarket stock and a barrel replacement. They were made from about 1960 until a few years ago. Remington just took the 600 action and didn't make the magazine cut. The forward part of the trigger mechanism is attached to the recoil lug. The first versions had a 10.5" barrel with really cheap iron sights and were chambered for the 221 Fireball. Later the standard guns were chambered for 7 BR or 223 and had a 15" barrel but, had no sights.A17Shooter
What is that called a bolt action pistol /rifle thats neat i don't believe I ever saw anything like it before.
Posted 15 July 2006 - 07:05 PM
Posted 15 July 2006 - 07:47 PM
Posted 15 July 2006 - 07:49 PM
Posted 16 July 2006 - 08:28 AM
Let's see if I can lay out my logic.1. This XP has a large bolt face so that restricts the cartridge choice to something with a .473" cartridge head. Of course you can go to the trouble and expense to get a different bolt but, that didn't appeal to me.2. I ddn't want another wildcat.3. Remington take-off barrels can be had for a low price. They can be fitted to another Remington bolt gun with a minimum of effort.4. The 22-250 is producing very close to 3700 fps with a 40 gr bullet.5. I already had dies for the 22-250.6. If the gun had a small bolt face, the 17 Rem or 204 Ruger would have been reasonable alternatives.7. The goal for the project is to tag a prairie dog or ground squirrel at 500 yds or better.So, with all these restrictions the 22-250 seemed to be a good choice. Does anyone have suggestions that I overlooked?A17Shooter
Since you're not really hunting from the holster. I mean it's a bit large. Any special reason for going with the .22-250? I would think there would be much flatter, faster and lower recoil rounds for a "pistol."
Posted 16 July 2006 - 09:06 AM
Posted 16 July 2006 - 10:32 AM
Posted 16 July 2006 - 12:23 PM
Posted 16 July 2006 - 05:07 PM
Darn right! All that other stuff is just why I wanted that particular one. I had been trying to get a 22-250 take-off for quite a while and things finally lined up. The change from 6 MM to 22-250 cost about $200 with the frugal methods that were used.A17Shooter
The best reason to buy or build a particular gun is "Because I want one".
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The Toronto Raptors are one of the newest organizations in the NBA, joining the Association the same year current Brooklyn Nets forward Kevin Garnett did—1995. In its first season, Toronto had little to be impressed with, finishing 21-61, which was well out of playoff contention. The bright spot for the franchise was rookie point guard Damon Stoudamire, who led the team in scoring (19.0) and assists (9.3) his first season. The Raptors would make the playoffs for the first time during the 1999-2000 season, when they were led by the dynamic familial duo of Vince Carter and Tracy McGrady. Though McGrady wouldn't become the star he's remembered to be until after he left Toronto, "Vinsanity" was at the top of his game while a member of the Raptors. Carter would lead Toronto to three straight playoff appearances in the mid-2000s, but was eventually traded to the New Jersey Nets when the Raptors decided to rebuild. Toronto's only two other playoff appearances came thanks to the strong play of forward Chris Bosh. The fourth overall selection in a loaded 2003 draft class, Bosh's Raptors won the franchise's only Atlantic Division title in 2007. Score with TicketCity - the place to go for Toronto Raptors basketball tickets.
1. Scan through the 2016 Toronto Raptors Schedule and select the game that you would like to attend, or use the opponent or date filters beside the Toronto Raptors ticket listings to find the perfect matchup. 2. Click "Select" to reveal all available Toronto Raptors tickets, the Air Canada Centre interactive seating chart, ticket quantity, and ticket price filters. Use the ticket price filter, and ticket quantity filter to quickly refine your search to the available Toronto Raptors tickets that are in your price range. You can also utilize the "eTickets Only" filter to find all Toronto Raptors tickets that will be delivered electronically. The Air Canada Centre interactive map can be employed to reveal all tickets available for a preferred section. Select the perfect tickets and click "Go" to proceed to checkout. 3. Review the checkout page to ensure that the Toronto Raptors tickets have been selected, and read through any ticket notes or delivery information. If everything looks correct, fill out the checkout information, and purchase your Toronto Raptors Tickets!
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The Toronto Raptors were one of the most dangerous teams in the Eastern Conference a season ago and enter 2015-16 looking for a deeper run in the Eastern Conference playoffs. The Raptors retain their dangerous backcourt duo of Kyle Lowery and DeMar DeRozan, who will continue to be the focal point for the dangerous Raptors perimeter offense. In the front court, Toronto will once again rely on the big body of Jonas Valanciunas, who averaged a double double a season ago. What has benefited the Raptors over the last few seasons is having a deep team, with the ability to score at all 5 positions. The 2015-16 Toronto Raptors will be no different, but expect Kyle Lowery to continue his upward trend into the upper echelons of NBA stardom.
Check out our Toronto Raptors Season Preview History page for previews of previous Raptors seasons.
The Raptors play their home games at the Air Canada Centre, located in Toronto, Ontario. When filled to capacity, the Air Canada Centre holds nearly 20 thousand screaming Raptor fans. Located in the heart of beautiful Toronto, the Air Canada Centre is also one of the only venues in professional sports with its own brewery on premises. The Toronto Raptors home bench is on the Air Canada Centre court side in front of section 118. Air Canada Centre parking information is covered in our Raptors event guide.
Brooklyn Nets, New York Knicks
The Raptors and Nets have met over 65 times in their history during the regular season with each team winning about half of the meetings. The two teams have also met once in the playoffs during the first round of the 2007 Eastern Conference playoffs. With Toronto and Brooklyn both playing in the same conference, this rivalry will only continue to get better in the years to come.
As division foes, the Raptors and the Knicks have faced off over 75 total times throughout the years. This rivalry peaked in the early 2000s when the two teams met in the playoffs in back-to-back seasons. Toronto and New York split the two playoff meetings which has been par for the course in this match-up as both teams have almost won the same amount of games in the overall series.
The Raptors are still searching for their first NBA and Eastern Conference championships since they entered in the NBA in 1995. The franchise peaked in 2007 when they won a division title. Many feel the organization in on the up-swing with the best years for this organization yet to come.
Typically doors open 1 hour before game-time for the general public. On weeknights Gate 2 opens at 5:00 with the other gates opening 1 hour before the start of the game.
Real Sports Bar is not far from AAC and is consistently voted one of the best sports bars in North America. We highly recommend getting to Real early as its reputation precedes it and often has long lines. If the lines are too long at Real, try Miller Tavern. It is only half a block from AAC and has some wonderful seafood options. If you are looking for an upscale dining experience try Harbour Sixty. Definitely on the high end of the price scale, but it makes for an unforgettable experience, and some of the best ribs you will find. There are a few great Italian places close to AAC, Rio Ranna's Really Really Nice Restaurant, Pizzeria Liberetto, and Gusto 101 are all worth visiting. No Raptors eating guide would be complete without some traditional Canadian options. Try Joey Eaton Centre, 360 Restaurant, or Volo.
There are around 13,000 parking spaces accessible next to the Air Canada Centre and they run between $20 and $40. If you are looking to stay close to AAC, we recommend purchasing a parking pass with your ticket. There are a few city lots in the area, look for the green P parking signs. These lots are cheaper, usually between $12 and $16, but will be a farther walk. Union Rail Station is located next to AAC and is a great option for those looking to skip traffic and parking altogether.
Children 23 months or younger may enter The Air Canada Centre without a ticket and must sit in a parents lap for the duration of the game. Be prepared to show proof of your child's age at the gate.


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Derby Disabled Veterans group shows how vets help each other
I was scheduled to undergo a surgical procedure at the Veterans Medical Center this month, but I was not allowed to drive myself to the hospital because I would be physically impaired afterward. Unfortunately, I could not locate a relative or friend who wasn't working to take me to the hospital.
I asked the VA Hospital for assistance in providing me with a ride. Eric, a fellow veteran with the Disabled American Veterans in Danbury, about 26 miles from my home, called me and volunteered to take me to the hospital.
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So, I've had a week to shake off the jet lag and catch up on some sleep. Of course, I couldn't have been happier to attend the CEA LineShow in NYC during CE Week (June 25-29). Typically, shows can be overwhelming and a bit crazy. But this one was small and somewhat relaxed. The attendees are mostly press who live in the area and take the short trip down to Chelsea to the Metropolitan Pavillion. And Chelsea is also where Avenue nightclub is located…and where Velodyne hosted the "Real Music Pure Sound" party.
I was fortunate enough to not only attend the show and the party, but to visit friends and family in my old stomping grounds. Although, I'm a full on California transplant who no longer owns a pair of snow boots or gloves, New York will always be my true home. It made me feel quite nostalgic and I thought this would be a great opportunity to do a mini virtual tour of some of my favorite landmarks in the West Village, where I lived on 9th Street and 6th Avenue.
I'll start with my favorite building in the city, known now as The Jefferson Market Branch, New York Public Library. It may just seem like a pretty brick building sitting on a triangular plot formed by Greenwich Avenue and West 10th Street. But the history of this building is lengthy and rich. It actually served as the New York Women's House of Detention, a woman's prison, from 1932-1974. Longtime residents of the West Village will tell you that they used to hear husbands and boyfriends calling up to their wives and girlfriends in the middle of the night. That's because its unique location gave inmates the opportunity to communicate with people walking by on the street. The New York Women's House of Detention is believed to have been the world's first art deco prison. It was designed by Sloan & Robertson in 1931.
This building and site is featured prominently in the 2004 film, House of D, which was David Duchovny's feature film writing and directorial debut. Check it out.
The Jefferson Market Branch, New York Public Library is located just around the corner from my favorite park in NYC, Washington Square Park. The park itself is also rich in history and home to one of New York's iconic structures, The Washington Square Arch. This 77 foot marble monument was modeled after the Arc de Triomphe in Paris and was erected in 1889 to celebrate the centennial of George Washington's inauguration.
The iconography of the Arch centers on images of war and peace. An inscription on the attic of the monument contains a quote attributed ot George Washington and reads:
"Let us raise a standard to which the wise and the honest can repair. The event is in the hand of God."
There are many other notable historic structures and memorabilia, including the Hangman's Elm, which stands in the northwest corner of the park during the time that Potter's Field was used for public executions.
Click here to find out more about the rich history of Washington Square Park.
It only seems fitting to end this mini tour by mentioning the historic hotel me and my colleagues called home during CE Week in NYC. The reason it's so fitting is because the Washington Square Park Hotel is located on the northwest corner of the park at 103 Waverly Place. This hotel was built in 1902 and recently celebrated its 110th year in business. This quaint and unassuming gem evokes a 1930's Paris in one of the best locations in New York. I highly recommend a stay here, as well as a tour of the art deco building and interior.
Incidentally, Babbo is right across the street. For those unfamiliar with this restaurant, it's one of the most famous in the city. It's considered to be the restaurant that put its owner, Mario Batali, on the map. And for those who don't like Italian, there's Cafe Asean right up the road. In my opinion, the best Vietnamese food in the West Village.
I won't subject you to any more of my indulgent nostalgia. This is the end of my love letter to NYC and the West Village. I'll see you next year at the end of June.


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If https is really secure as companies tell us, how do governments manage to eavesdrop on terrorist and criminal communications? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_surveillance
Governments purchase spyware from private companies.
Some companies like VUPEN are known for building complex 0-day exploits against browsers and selling them privately to anyone for hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Recently the Obama Administration has moved to block the sale of such technology to Iran and Syria. Iran is known to be performing active MITM attacks against gmail.
There are ways like:
The US government is known to use keyloggers, don't know if they're physical widgets in-line with the keyboard, or software. Nicodemo Scarfo, Jr was apparently convicted using some kind of keylogger data.
So how it works, they collect lot's of information, filter it, database it, trace you and listen to your phone, email and everything else at the same time. This gives a complete picture, so when you are using SSL, this is just a small piece which doesnt change much :-)
Also, they have the most important information, no matter how strong encryption you got - who are you talking with.
ps. When you are using SSL to buy something, maybe they cant see it, but they can see your CC payment.
ps2. Total obfuscation is not possible, even a policy with good enforcement is not enough, they can see who is sending, they can trace who is supposed to receive.
Simply you can run, but you cant hide.


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Folks,Let's say I have a client who's building slab on grade and intending to certify E-STAR. I'm in CZ 5B. According to the Thermal Enclosure Rater Checklist, they must insulate the slab to R-5.In…Continue
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Hey energy-efficiency colleagues,Our affiliate real estate company, GreenSpot Real Estate, is qualifying for a small-business grant, and I NEED YOUR HELP. GreenSpot helps the planet, and we want to…Continue
Started this discussion. Last reply by Bob Blanchette Aug 17, 2012. 62 Replies 0 Likes
We're moving our office space and doing a lot of the build-out ourselves. In our HVAC overhaul, we need to replace the manual thermostat with a setback model. So I bought a Nest b/c I read about…Continue
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A valuation premium for green homes and energy efficiency is a lot like Schrödinger's cat, says a new study released by the Colorado Energy Office. If…Continue
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Cities grafting green-building certifications like LEED into commercial building codes is nothing new, and a number of places like Dallas, Atlanta, Boston and Scottsdale have had such requirements in place for a decade or more.
What's happening now is that cities are doing likewise with…Continue
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Real estate investor Kassi Pelley had bought and sold a number of "fix-and-flip" homes in metro Denver when she fell down the rabbit hole of green building and certifications. She's gotten a price bump – the "green premium" – on every home she's upgraded and certified since, and she hasn't…Continue
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Rick and Joann Sandoval live in a green Ferrari – a souped-up, high-performance home loaded with energy-sipping systems and green-home features. But when it came time to refinance their house and capture value from those items, the Sandovals were going nowhere…Continue
Wow. Thanks!
Wow, your website is stunning! Somebody really gets graphic design!
Hey, could you maybe help me with this?
Hi Melissa,
Welcome to Home Energy Pros! Feel free to join the conversation in the Forum and Groups. And share your energy efficiency photos, videos and upcoming events. If you're blogging about home performance, this is the place for you!
Diane, HEP Moderator
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V. Richard Haro/Associated Press
V. Richard Haro/Associated Press
FORT COLLINS (AP) � After a Nov. 17, 2010, car wreck on Colorado Highway 86, doctors drilled a hole into then-19-year-old Hailey Misheff�s skull and induced a medical coma to reduce swelling in her brain. She remembered �nothing� upon waking; her first memory thereafter is from Christmas 2010.
When she could swallow again, the Elizabeth resident was admitted to Craig Hospital where she began intensive, in-house rehabilitation through January. She practiced over and over how to correctly swallow without fluids traveling down her ear tube; she played games to combat the injury to her left frontal lobe and strengthen her memory and reflexes; and in her weakened state, she practiced the �very difficult� task of walking.
Add to that other forms of occupational, physical and speech- therapy treatments with the hospital�s outpatient program that continued for months.
Was recovery difficult?
�You have no idea,� she told the Coloradoan. It�s not behind her, either.
�Really, it�s recovering educationally and memory-wise,� said Misheff, now 21.
During her time at Craig Hospital, Misheff saw people �who were successful and not,� following traumatic brain injuries. At that time, she didn�t think she would be able to go to school; that she would have to live with and depend on her parents her �whole life.�
�And that scared the life out of me,� she said.
�I thought I was going to be working at Target or some low-income level job for the rest of my life,� the aspiring journalist said.
But all that�s changed since she stepped foot on Colorado State University�s campus as a student in fall 2011. Now, she feels empowered to finish school and achieve her career dream � to work in public relations for the Colorado Rockies.
In telling her tale, Misheff attributes much of her success to a program called Opportunities for Postsecondary Success, or OPS.
OPS is under the auspices of the Center for Community Partnerships, in CSU�s Department of Occupational Therapy.
Once a student from CSU or Front Range Community College has applied and is admitted to the program, they are paired with a mentor. Those who qualify for services are typically on the autism spectrum, have brain injuries � either those they were born with or suffered later in life � or other conditions such as Asperger syndrome.
Taking a �holistic approach,� mentors help mentees through their experience in school �above and beyond� academics, said Julia Kothe, assistant director of the university�s Center for Community Partnerships.
While this could mean teaching a student more-effective study skills or where to find tutoring resources on campus, guidance could also include stress management, how to make friends and share personal challenges, and successes and �self-advocacy,� Kothe said.
�All� new students admitted to CSU face challenges, Kothe said. But those with disabilities � especially those who have had even more of those supports in place before starting college � can face taller hurdles.
Kothe gave an example: One student on the autism spectrum always completed the assigned homework. Because of the way he communicated, however, he never turned assignments in � and was failing � because the professor didn�t explicitly ask students to do so. The situation was made better after the student talked with the professor.
In that case, it was about teaching the student to advocate for his needs and helping people like him to �not fall through the cracks,� Kothe said.
Having studied at Community College of Denver before the car crash, Misheff described walking onto CSU�s campus for the first time as �terrifying, absolutely terrifying.�
Then a counselor in CSU�s Resources for Disabled Students turned Misheff onto OPS, where she was �lucky enough to have the most amazing� mentor in Stassie El-Sayad. The first few months, El-Sayad and Misheff met two or three times a week to practice, among many topics, memorization and study techniques � things that came easily to Misheff before her injury.
Over time, they met less often until Misheff just texted El-Sayad when she needed to talk or was looking for direction.
�That�s how much she helped me grow,� Misheff said.
Occupational therapist Sarah Beetch lauded Misheff�s progress and called her �an incredible advocate� for herself and now other members of CSU�s newly formed Brain Injury Support Group. The group intends to spread awareness about brain injury and support people who have suffered an injury or know someone who has.
The experience is similar for others.
On a warm fall afternoon last week, graduate student Onalee Baumgartner helped sophomore math major Nathaniel Karasik set alerts on his cellphone to remind him of upcoming assignments and exams. The two sat on a wooden picnic table outside the Occupational Therapy building, a thick binder with Karasik�s class schedule, syllabuses and progress reports set open before them.
In addition to the calendar alerts, evening texts from Baumgartner early this and next week would coax Karasik to sketch the moon for his astronomy class.
In his second year with OPS, Karasik meets with Baumgartner once a week to discuss organization, studying and academic goals. Karasik has ADHD and Asperger syndrome � he has his �entire life� � which together makes it �kind of hard to concentrate,� he said, seated and bouncing on a blue exercise ball during his interview in the Occupational Therapy building.
�As a kid, you jump up and down, no one gives a crap,� he said, grinning before taking a bite out of one of several carrots in his hand.
As an older person, though, it�s different, harder to explain. But he�s glad to have been a part of OPS.
�I learned, once I got here, that they�d help keep me on track with homework and studying,� said Karasik, who�s working with Baumgartner to boost his GPA and switch from majoring in math to something involving numbers and business. Accounting, perhaps.
Students on the autism spectrum haven�t always been �encouraged to pursue college,� Kothe said. That�s where �unique� programs, such as OPS, come in.


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Cast includes Melvil Poupaud and Amanda Langlet. Written and directed by Eric Rohmer. In French with English subtitles. At the MFA, Boston. Times are 7:30 tonight, 7 p.m. Friday, 11:30 a.m. Satu...
Cast includes Melvil Poupaud and Amanda Langlet. Written and directed by Eric Rohmer. In French with English subtitles. At the MFA, Boston. Times are 7:30 tonight, 7 p.m. Friday, 11:30 a.m. Saturday, 2:30 p.m. Sunday, 6:30 p.m. Wednesday, 5 p.m. Aug. 14, 3 p.m. Aug 15. Tickets $11, $9 for members. Grade: A-
Nearly 20 years after its release, master French filmmaker Eric Rohmer's "A Summer's Tale" made its Boston debut for a nine-day run at the Museum of Fine Arts.
Why it took so long to cross the pond is a mystery because it's one of the late director's finest, brimming with his usual mix of gorgeous locations and beautiful people caught up in romantic entanglements that challenge their misguided concepts of love. Promises are broken, trusts betrayed and narcissism reigns supreme, yet in true Rohmer fashion, his characters remain extremely likeable be cause they're victims of their own naivety.
The next-to-last installment in his "Tales of the Four Seasons," the 1996 release stars the ultra- charismatic Melvil Poupaud as Gaspard, a 20-something musician on a three-week holiday in France's picture-postcard province of Brittany. Presented like a diary, we follow each day of his romantic encounters from July 17 to Aug. 6. It begins with his daily walks with Margot (radiant Amanda Langlet), a local waitress with a Ph.D. in ethnology who eagerly probes her new friend for information on his love for the elusive Lena (Aure lia Nolin), the supposed girl friend who treats him like dirt.
She's expected to arrive from Spain at any moment, but as each day passes, the story begins to assume a sort of "Waiting for Godot" vibe. Will she get there? And if she does, will it be before Gaspard falls for Margot or Margot's rich and lovely best friend, Solene (Gwenaelle Simon)? It's fun finding out, as Gaspard's loyalties shift as regularly as the tide. Does he truly love any of them or is he just afraid of being alone? Or worse, is he in desperate need of having his ego stroked? Rest assured Rohmer won't let him off easily. Also expect to get an insatiable urge to immediately book passage to the gorgeous beaches of France's northwest coast. They are just as big a tease as the characters, albeit a tad bit warmer and a whole lot purer.
Above all, "A Summer's Tale" is a fitting reminder of Rohmer's unique gift for capitalizing on human foibles and the unknowable nature of love. From the indelible "Claire's Knee" to the sumptuous "Pauline at the Beach" (which starred a then 15-year-old Langlet), Rohmer has always remained true to his New Wave origins. His success is matched only by Francois Truffaut, the movement's other purveyor of art films for the masses. He's gone now, which makes "A Summer's Tale" all the more poignant, making it an ideal aide-mémoire for one of 20th century's finest filmmakers.
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I'm using the following code in my application, and it's working fine. But I'm wondering if it's better to make it with malloc or to leave it as is?
function (int len)
char result [len] = some chars;
send result over network
I'm using the following code in my application, and it's working fine. But I'm wondering if it's better to make it with malloc or to leave it as is?
The main difference is that VLAs (variable length arrays) provide no mechanism for detecting allocation failures.
If you declare
On the other hand, if you write:
then you can handle failures gracefully, or at least guarantee that your program won't try to continue to execute after a failure.
(Well, mostly. On Linux systems,
Another issue, on many systems, is that there's more space (possibly a lot more space) available for
And as Philip's answer already mentioned, VLAs were added in C99 (Microsoft in particular doesn't support them).
Variable-length automatic arrays were introduced to C in C99.
Unless you have concerns about backwards comparability to older standards, it's fine.
In general, if it works, don't touch it. Don't optimize ahead of time. Don't worry about adding special features or clever ways of doing things, because you often aren't going to use it. Keep it simple.
If your compiler supports variable-length arrays, the only danger is overflowing the stack on some systems, when the
I like the idea that you can have a run-time allocated array without memory fragmentation, dangling pointers, etc. However, others have pointed out that this run-time allocation can silently fail. So I tried this using gcc 4.5.3 in a Cygwin bash environment:
The output was:
The overly large length passed in the second call clearly caused the failure (overflowing into marker[]). This doesn't mean that this kind of check is fool-proof (fools can be clever!) or that it meets the standards of C99, but it might help if you have that concern.
As usual, YMMV.
Generally speaking the stack is the easiest and best place to put your data.
I would avoid the problems of VLAs by simply allocating the largest array you expect.
There are however there are cases when the heap is best and messing around with malloc is worth the effort.
In embedded programming, we always use static array instead of malloc when the malloc and free operations are frequent. Because of the lack of memory management in embedded system, the frequent alloc and free operations will cause memory fragment. But we should utilize some tricky methods such as defining the max size of array and using static local array.
If your application is running in Linux or Windows, it is no matter using array or malloc. The key point lies in where you use your date structure and your code logic.
Something that nobody has mentioned yet is that the variable length array option is probably going to be vastly faster than malloc/free since allocating a VLA is just a case of adjusting the stack pointer (in GCC at least).
So, if this function is one that is called frequently (which you will, of course, determine by profiling), the VLA is a good optimisation option.


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AMSAT News Service
ANS News
Bulletins for this date
Subscribe to bulletins by e-mail
Submit your News for ANS
Launched: November 16, 2000 aboard an Ariane 5 launcher
from Kourou, French Guiana.
Status: S-Band transmitter is active.
The RUDAK system has been activated.
AO-40 experimental transponder operation started on May 5, 2001 at approximately 08:00 UTC when the U-band and L1-band uplinks were connected to the S-2 transmitter passband downlink via the matrix switch. Transponder operation ia currently suspended.
G6LVB has described how to use an offset-dish for S-downlink at http://www.g6lvb.com/60cm.htm
Three programs to convert RUDAK WOD (whole orbit data) are available at http://www.amsat.org/amsat/ftpdelta.html
[ANS thanks AMSAT-NA, AMSAT-DL and the ARRL for this information]
Worldwide packet uplink: 145.990 MHz
Region 1 voice uplink: 145.200 MHz
Region 2/3 voice uplink: 144.490 MHz
Worldwide downlink: 145.800 MHz
TNC callsign NOCALL
ARISS initial station launched September 2000 aboard shuttle Atlantis
ARISS is made up of delegates from major national amateur radio organizations, including AMSAT.
Status: Operational. Voice contacts with ISS have been made recently. The ISS packet station is available for UI packets (APRS or UI QSL). The mailbox and keyboard are currently disabled. Please see the packet section of the ARISS web page before attempting to first work ISS on packet.
The ISS daily crew schedule (which gives an idea when crew members have free time and may be available for amateur radio operations) can be found at http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/station/timelines/2001/may/index.html
U.S. callsign: NA1SS
Russian callsigns: RS0ISS, RZ3DZR
The QSL routes for W/VE stations working NA1SS aboard the International Space Station:
|U.S stations:
| Margie Bourgoin KB1DCO
Attn: ARISS Expedition-1 (or 2) QSL
ARRL, 225 Main Street
Newington, Connecticut 06111
|Canadian stations:
| Radio Amateurs of Canada
Attn: ARISS Expedition-1 (or 2) QSL
720 Belfast Road, Suite 217
Ottawa, Ontario K1G 0Z5
|European stations:
| AMSAT-France
16, rue de la Vallee
91360 Epinay sur Orge, France
A self-addressed, stamped envelope is required to get a QSL in return. The ARISS international group has not yet finalized a QSL card design. It will be a few months before cards become available.
More information about the project can be found on the ARISS web site at http://ariss.gsfc.nasa.gov/.
[ANS thanks ARISS team member Will Marchant, KC6ROL, for this information]
Uplink 145.910 to 145.950 MHz CW/SSB
Downlink 29.410 to 29.450 MHz CW/SSB
Beacon 29.408 MHz
Launched February 5, 1991 aboard a Russian Cosmos C launcher
Status: RS-12 was re-activated in mode A on January 1, 2001
The latest information on RS-12 and RS-13 can be found on the AC5DK RS-12/13 Satellite Operators page:
[ANS thanks Kevin Manzer, AC5DK, for RS-12 information]
Uplink 145.858 to 145.898 MHz CW/SSB
Downlink 29.354 to 29.394 MHz CW/SSB
Beacon 29.352 MHz (intermittent)
SSB meeting frequency 29.380 MHz (unofficial)
Launched December 26, 1994 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome
Semi-operational, Mode A (2m uplink, 10m downlink)
Dave, WB6LLO, has operating information for both RS-15 and RS-13 on his personal web site. In addition to satellite data, antenna information for mode A operation is also featured. The WB6LLO web site URL is http://home.san.rr.com/doguimont/uploads
Uplink 435.030 to 435.180 MHz CW/LSB
Downlink 145.975 to 145.825 MHz CW/USB
Beacon 145.810 MHz (unmodulated carrier)
Launched June 16, 1983 by an Ariane launcher from Kourou, French Guiana
DX continues to be heard and worked on AO-10.
Stacey Mills, W4SM, has more information about the satellite at http://www.cstone.net/~w4sm/AO-10.html
[ANS thanks Stacey Mills, W4SM, for his AO-10 status information and web site]
Uplink 145.850 MHz FM
Downlink 436.795 MHz FM
Launched September 26, 1993 by an Ariane launcher from Kourou, French Guiana
Periodically, AO-27's analog repeater will be turned off for a few days at a time to enable ground controllers to gather Whole Orbital Data (WOD), to verify the health of the satellite.
An AO-27 question-and-answer page is available on the AMSAT-NA web site: http://www.amsat.org/amsat/intro/ao27faq.html.
AO-27 uses a method called Timed Eclipse Power Regulation (TEPR) to regulate the on-board batteries. In simple terms, TEPR times how long the satellite has been in an eclipse (or in the sun) and decides what subsystems to turn on or off. The AO-27 pages on the AMSAT-NA web site include an explanation of TEPR AO-27 operations at http://www.amsat.org/amsat/sats/n7hpr/ao27.html
TEPR states on AO-27 were reset on March 24, 2001 as follows:
TEPR 5 is now 20 minutes long.
[ANS thanks AMRAD for AO-27 information]
Uplink 145.975 MHz FM
Downlink 435.070 MHz FM
Launched January 22, 1990 by an Ariane launcher from Kourou, French Guiana
Tim, KG8OC, features UO-14 information on the Michigan AMSAT web site, see http://www.qsl.net/kg8oc
[ANS thanks Chris Jackson, G7UPN / ZL2TPO, for UO-14 information]
Uplink 145.900 to 146.000 MHz CW/LSB
Downlink 435.800 to 435.900 MHz CW/USB
Launched February 7, 1990 by an H1 launcher from the Tanegashima Space Center in Japan
FO-20 is in mode JA continuously.
Tak, JA2PKI, reported FO-20 control station operators believe that the UVC (Under Voltage Controller) now is regulating the transponder. The controller monitors battery voltage and tries to protect the batteries from over discharge.
[ANS thanks Kazu Sakamoto, JJ1WTK for the FO-20 status reports]
The JARL FO-29 command station has announced the following operation schedule of FO-29:
|through October 1
Mineo, JE9PEL, has updated his FO-29 satellite telemetry analysis program. The software will automatically analyze all digital telemetry from the satellite such as current, voltage and temperature. The JE9PEL FO-29/software update is available at http://www.ne.jp/asahi/hamradio/je9pel/
[ANS thanks Kazu Sakamoto, JJ1WTK, for the FO-29 status reports]
Uplink 145.850 or 145.925 MHz 9600 baud FSK
Downlink 437.325 MHz
Broadcast callsign: MYSAT3-11
Launched September 26, 2000 aboard a converted Soviet ballistic missile from the Baikonur Cosmodrome
Status: Operational at 38k4 baud FSK
Paul, KB2SHU, reports he was pleasantly surprised recently to see TiungSat-1 working again over North America. His system logged the satellite for the first time in many months.
Chris, G7UPN, tells ANS that TiungSat-1 has been operating at a data rate of 38k4. Data recovery at 38k4 is reported to be extremely good with efficiencies near 100%. The output power is at 8 watts "which should provide a very good downlink," said Chris, adding "the downside is that with the high power transmitter operating, the power budget is negative so we can't support continuous operation."
According to G7UPN, TiungSat-1 now requires the amateur radio station to switch the downlink 'on' when the satellite comes into range. The way this works is for the ground station software to send a request to the spacecraft to switch the downlink on. The spacecraft receives this request and checks the battery voltage to see if it can support the operation, and if it can it will activate the downlink.
TiungSat-1 is Malaysia's first micro-satellite and in addition to commercial land and weather imaging payloads will offer FM and FSK amateur radio communication.
TiungSat-1, named after the mynah bird of Malaysia, was developed as a collaborative effort between the Malaysian government and Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd.
For more information on TiungSat-1, see http://www.yellowpages.com.my/tiungsat/tiung_main.htm
Uplink 145.980 MHz FM
Downlink 436.500 MHz FM, 9600 Baud FSK
Broadcast callsign: HL02-11
Launched September 26, 1993 by an Ariane launcher from Kourou, French Guiana
Jim, AA7KC, reports KO-25 has returned to service. More details as they become available. No useful data had been downlinked since mid-June as the command team of KO-25 reported the on-board computer (OBC) of KO-25 crashed on June 19, 2001.
Uplink 145.900 or 145.975 MHz FM
Downlink 435.120 MHz FM 9600 Baud FSK
Broadcast callsign: UOSAT5-11
Launched July 17, 1991 by an Ariane launcher from Kourou, French Guiana
Jim, AA7KC, reports UO-22 is operational with good downlink efficiency and heavy traffic.
More information on the satellite is available at http://www.sstl.co.uk/
[ANS thanks Chris Jackson, G7UPN/ZL2TPO, for UO-22 information and Jim Weisenberger, AA7KC, for status information]
Downlink 145.825 MHz FM, 1200 baud PSK
Beacon 2401.500 MHz
Launched March 1, 1994 by a Delta-Thor rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California
Clive, G3CWV, reported to ANS that it has been an uneventful time for OSCAR-11 during the period of May 15 - June 9, 2001.
Battery voltage observed during daylight passes has continued to decrease. The average value observed was 13.3 volts with a range of 13.1 to 13.5 volts. The internal temperatures have continued to decrease, now -0.2 and -1.6 Celsius for battery and telemetry electronics respectively.
The magnetometer calibrations have steadily changed during the many years in orbit. Although the changes are small and are not noticeable on a plot of individual channels, they do have a considerable effect when the total magnetic field is calculated. The spin period has also varied, now between 300 and 344 seconds, with the attitude control working normally.
The mode-S beacon is active, transmitting an unmodulated carrier. This beacon is a useful test source for those testing mode-S converters for AO-40.
Users of OSCAR-11 should note that the hardware generated time in the ASCII telemetry is now 15.5 minutes ahead of UTC, and the date is three days advanced. Unfortunately these errors cannot be corrected.
The operating schedule is unchanged.
ASCII status (210 seconds)
ASCII bulletin (60 seconds)
BINARY SEU (30 seconds)
ASCII TLM (90 seconds)
ASCII WOD (120 seconds)
ASCII bulletin (60 seconds)
BINARY ENG (30 seconds)
The ASCII bulletin is currently a static message, detailing modes and frequencies of all the amateur radio satellites.
More information on OSCAR-11 is available at http://www.users.zetnet.co.uk/clivew/
[ANS thanks Clive Wallis, G3CWV, for OSCAR-11 status information]
Uplink 145.900, 145.920, 145.940, 145.860 MHz FM,
1200 bps Manchester FSK
Downlink 437.025 MHz SSB, 1200 bps RC-BPSK 1200 Baud PSK
Beacon 2401.1428 MHz.
Broadcast callsign: PACSAT-11
Launched January 22, 1990 by an Ariane launcher from Kourou, French Guiana
Semi-operational. Digipeater on.
Telemetry is as follows:
uptime is 502/18:55:23. Time is Fri Jun 29 22:32:27 2001 +X (RX) Temp -13.314 D RX Temp -0.607 D Bat 1 V 1.271 V Bat 2 V 1.238 V Bat 3 V 1.237 V Bat 4 V 1.310 V Bat 5 V 1.208 V Bat 6 V 1.314 V Bat 7 V 1.240 V Bat 8 V 1.332 V BCR Input Cur 0.307 A BCR Output Cur 0.336 A Bat 1 Temp 2.419 D Bat 2 Temp 1.209 D Baseplt Temp 1.209 D PSK TX RF Out 0.816 W RC PSK TX Out 0.063 W RC PSK BP Temp -5.448 D RC PSK HPA Tmp -5.448 D +Y Array Temp -24.811 D PSK TX HPA Tmp -1.817 D +Z Array Temp -18.760 D Total Array C= 0.298 Bat Ch Cur= 0.092 Ifb= 0.009 I+10V= 0.235 TX:1006 BCR:6E PWRC:36D BT:1E WC:25 EDAC:2A
A new WOD collection of current graphics along with general information and telemetry samples can be found at http://www.telecable.es/personales/ea1bcu
[ANS thanks Miguel A. Menendez, EA1BCU, for AO-16 status information.]
Uplink 145.960 MHz, 9600 baud FSK
Downlink 437.025, 437.400 MHz, 9600 baud FSK
Broadcast callsign: UO121-11
Launched April 21, 1999 by a Russian launcher from the Baikonur Cosmodrome
Status: Operational
UO-36 carries a number of imaging payloads, digital store-and-forward communications and mode L/S transponders.
NASA has demonstrated on UO-36 the ability to use standard Internet protocols to communicate with an orbiting spacecraft (just like any node on the Internet). NASA has been developing this project by working with the commercial payload aboard UoSAT-12.
The BBS is open, although uploading and downloading may be disabled at times.
The VK5HI viewer shareware for UO-36 is available on the AMSAT-NA web site at ftp://ftp.amsat.org/amsat/software/win32/display/ccddsp97-119.zip
Further information on UO-36 is available from: http://www.sstl.co.uk/
[ANS thanks Chris G7UPN/ZL2TPO, and the University of Surrey, for this information]
Uplink 145.875, 145.900, 145.925, 145.950 MHz FM
Downlink 435.822 MHz SSB, 1200 Baud PSK
Broadcast callsign: ITMSAT-11
Launched September 26, 1993 by an Ariane launcher from Kourou, French Guiana
Digipeater function is on, open for APRS users.
[ANS thanks ITAMSAT Project Manager Alberto E. Zagni, I2KBD, for this information]
Uplink 145.925 MHz 9600 baud FSK
Downlink 436.925 MHz 9600 baud FSK
Broadcast callsign: TMSAT1-11
Launched July 10, 1998 by a Zenit rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome
Status: Non-operational, no data downlinked since December 18, 2000
Chris G7UPN, (UoSAT operations manager) reports the following to ANS:
The TO-31 downlink will be off over most areas, with the exception of Europe and Thailand. This is required to allow control stations to recondition the battery with minimum power drain.
ProcMail V2.00G has been released by G7UPN. This software permits the processing of image files from TO-31. It has been posted to the AMSAT-NA FTP site at http://www.amsat.org/amsat/software/win32/wisp
Many of the high-resolution color images transmitted by TMSAT are compressed using a UoSAT compression format. This format is supported by the VK5HI CCD display program.
[ANS thanks Chris Jackson, G7UPN/ZL2TPO, for TO-31 status information]
Uplink 145.840, 145.860, 145.880,
145.900 MHz 1200 bps Manchester FSK
Downlink 437.150 MHz SSB, 1200 bps RC-BPSK
CW Downlink 437.125 MHz
Broadcast callsign: LUSAT-11
Launched January 22, 1990 by an Ariane launcher from Kourou, French Guiana
The CW beacon is sending eight telemetry channels and one status channel on 437.126 MHz. No BBS service is available. The digipeater is not active.
Telemetry is as follows:
Time is Fri Jun 29 22:20:27 2001 CW-Code: aun ada a4u adt avv a6u a6t ae6 5V-reg.: 4.93 V 8.5V-reg: 8.74 V 10V-Bat: 11.58 V 10V-Curr: 113.4 mA TX-Pwr : 0.909 W TX-Temp.: -2.58 ?C +Z-Sol.: 24.00 V Box-Temp: 1.07 ?C
CW-Code: aun adt a4u abn avv a6u ae6 ae6 5V-reg.: 4.93 V 8.5V-reg: 8.74 V 10V-Bat: 11.52 V 10V-Curr: 113.4 mA TX-Pwr : 0.899 W TX-Temp.: -2.58 ?C +Z-Sol.: 23.40 V Box-Temp: 1.07 ?C
General information and decode values of CW telemetry can be found at http://www.telecable.es/personales/ea1bcu/lo19
Mineo, JE9PEL, has recorded LO-19 CW and PSK telemetry and placed the information on his Internet homepage site at http://www.ne.jp/asahi/hamradio/je9pel/
General information and telemetry samples can be found at http://www.telecable.es/personales/ea1bcu
[ANS thanks Miguel A. Menendez, EA1BCU, for LO-19 status information.]
Uplink to be released
Downlink 437.075 MHz
Launched September 26, 2000 aboard a converted Soviet ballistic missile from the Baikonur Cosmodrome
Status: Unknown, this satellite has been in orbit for almost eight months. ANS has received no additional information.
When/if operational, SaudiSat-1A will operate as 9600-baud digital store-and-forward systems as well analog FM repeater mode capability. One of two new ham satellites from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia built by the Space Research Institute at the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology.
Uplink to be released
Downlink 436.775 MHz
Launched September 26, 2000 aboard a converted Soviet ballistic missile from the Baikonur Cosmodrome
Status: Unknown, this satellite has been in orbit for almost eight months. ANS has received no additional information.
When/if operational, SaudiSat-1B will operate as 9600-baud digital store-and-forward systems as well analog FM repeater mode capability. One of two new ham satellites from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia built by the Space Research Institute at the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology.
Mode J uplink 145.825 MHz FM
Mode J downlink 436.250 MHz FM
Mode B uplink 436.291 MHz FM
Mode B downlink 145.825 MHz FM
Launched February 23, 1999 by a Delta II rocket from
Vandenberg Air Force Base in California
Status: Non-operational
The SunSat team released the following statement, dated February 1, 2001:
We regret to announce that the last communication with SunSat from our ground station at the Electronic Systems Laboratory at Stellenbosch University took place recently. We are certain, after having performed several tests since the last contact, that an irreversible, physical failure has occurred on the satellite. It is therefore unlikely that we will have any further contact with SunSat, apart from the occasional visual sighting by telescope!
When it was operational the SunSat package included 1200 and 9600 baud digital store-and-forward capability and a voice 'parrot' repeater system in addition to Mode B/J operation with two VHF and two UHF transmit-receive systems.
For more information on SunSat, visit http://sunsat.ee.sun.ac.za/
[ANS thanks Garth Milne ZR1AFH, for this information]
Uplink 21.260 to 21.300 MHz CW/SSB
Downlink 145.860 to 145.900 MHz CW/SSB
Beacon 145.860 MHz
Launched February 5, 1991 aboard a Russian Cosmos C launcher
Status: non-operational (last operational in mode-T)
RS-12 was re-activated recently. Prior to this switch RS-13 was operational (mode T), but was apparently turned off following the recent RS-12 switch.
The latest information on RS-12 and RS-13 can be found on the AC5DK RS-12/13 Satellite Operators page at http://www.qsl.net/ac5dk/rs1213/rs1213.html
[ANS thanks Kevin Manzer, AC5DK, for this information]
Uplink 145.850, 145.900 MHz FM
Downlink 435.175 MHz FM, 9600 Baud FSK
Broadcast callsign: HL01-11
Launched August 10, 1992 by an Ariane launcher from Kourou, French Guiana
Status: Intermittent operation with the downlink transmitter operating at unpredictable intervals
Jim, AA7KC, reported that KO-23's downlink transmitter continues in non-operational status. Jim says that KO-23 shows some signs of trying to recover, but no useful data has been downlinked. The duration of this status is unpredictable. No data has been received since October 28, 2000.
KyungHee Kim, HL0ENJ, reports (from the KO-23 control team) that part of the problem with non-operation has been the power budget aboard the satellite. "We are not sure when the bird might turn off again due to insufficient power. The capability of the onboard power system has been less and less," said Kim. HL0ENJ also noted that as of October 30, 2000 the onboard computer was reset and a reboot of operational software is now underway.
[ANS thanks Jim Weisenberger, AA7KC, and KyungHee Kim, HL0ENJ, for KO-23 status information]
Downlink 435.225 MHz, HDLC telemetry
Launched July 10, 1998 by a Russian Zenit rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome
Efforts were reported to be underway to bring GO-32 on line, however no additional information has been received by ANS (the last report was dated November 1999).
Last reported, the satellite does transmit a 9600-baud burst every 30 seconds (the GO-32 beacon sends one short telemetry status transmission of 44 bytes) and, upon request, the complete telemetry buffer.
ANS has no further information.
Uplink/downlink frequency (listed on the PanSat web site) 436.500 MHz
Launched October 30, 1998 by the Shuttle Discovery
Status: unknown
The satellite is not available for general uplink transmissions.
The Naval Postgraduate School developed PanSat. At the time of launch, PanSat spread-spectrum digital transponders were promised to be available to amateur radio operators along with software to utilize this technology. To date, this has not happened.
For more information, visit the official PANSAT web site at:
PanSat was the featured cover article in the July/August 1999 issue of the AMSAT-NA Journal (written by KD6DRA and N7HPR).
ANS has no further information.
Downlink 145.825 MHz FM, 1200 Baud AFSK
Beacon 2401.220 MHz
Launched January 22, 1990 by an Ariane launcher from Kourou, French Guiana
DOVE stopped transmitting in March 1998. The 145.825 MHz and 2401.220 MHz downlinks are off the air and the satellite has not responded to ground station control.
ANS has no further information.
Downlink 437.104 MHz SSB,
1200 Baud PSK AX.25
Launched January 22, 1990 by an Ariane launcher from Kourou, French Guiana
WO-18 has been in orbit for 11 years.
WO-18 was last reported to be in MBL mode after a software crash.
ANS has no further information.
Downlink 437.910 MHz FM 9600 Baud FSK
Launched October 24, 1998 by a Delta 2 rocket from Cape Canaveral in Florida
The satellite is not currently available for uplink transmissions and image and transponder recovery efforts have been unsuccessful.
SEDSAT-1 signifies Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (satellite number one).
SedSat-1 has downlinked months worth of telemetry data on the performance of its electrical power system parameters. The Nickel Metal Hydride batteries on the spacecraft were experimental and experienced some abuse due to a power negative situation. This information has provided NASA with useful information. With the exception of the imaging system and the use of the transponders, SedSat-1 has been judged a success.
For more information on SedSat-1 visit the satellite web site at http://www.seds.org/sedsat
ANS has no further information.
ANS would like to thank Mike Seguin, N1JEZ, ANS principal satellite investigator, for helping provide current satellite information for ANS.
Please send any amateur satellite news or reports to the ANS Editors at firstname.lastname@example.com, or to ANS Editor Dan James, NN0DJ, at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Return to top
This week's AMSAT News Service bulletins were edited by AMSAT News Service editor Dan James, NN0DJ.


text:
Solution Overview
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Synopsis :
The remote host has an account with no password set.
Description :
The account 'hax0r' has no password set. An attacker may use
this to gain further privileges on this system.
Solution :
Set a password for this account or disable it.
Risk factor :
High / CVSS Base Score : 7.5
Public Exploit Available : true
Family: Default Unix Accounts
Nessus Plugin ID: 11253 (account_hax0r.nasl)
Bugtraq ID:
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The Career Office provides students and alumni with counseling, programs, and career resources. Our office focuses on two goals: career development for students and alumni, and outreach to legal employers.
We serve every student, whether they wish to pursue a path in public interest, private sector, government, other law-related work or even careers outside the law. We offer a range of programs including panels, mock interviews, brown bag lunch programs, workshops, and career fairs. UC Hastings also hosts a number of recruiting programs, including our Early Interview Program, Fall and Spring On-Campus Interviews, the Annual Public Interest/Public Sector (PI/PS) Day, the IP & Tech Career Fair and a JD Careers Table Talk. This assistance helps UC Hastings students enter jobs in almost every legal arena and even outside the legal profession.


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Further downstream, specialty chemical entities are starting to feel the effects of natural gas and NGL prices on their business models. As the commercial distribution of ethane and ethane-based raw materials increases, it could trigger new innovations and investment in new technologies.
The expansion of the US shale gas market
could potentially drive significant benefits to the US
chemicals industry, including decreased raw material and energy
costs, according to a new report from professional services
firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC).
In the report, titled Shale Gas: Reshaping the US Chemicals
Industry, PwC estimates the potential impact of shale
gas on US manufacturing could enable US manufacturers to lower
their raw materials and energy costs as much as $11.6 billion
annually by 2025.
Before natural gas from shale can be transported efficiently
and sold commercially, impurities must be extracted. The
by-products of this process, known as natural gas liquids
(NGL), include hydrocarbons such as ethane, butane and
The chemical sector uses NGLs to produce a variety of
derivatives that ultimately become raw materials for multiple
manufacturing sectors. In the case of ethane, they convert it
to ethylene - the most significant single chemical in terms of
volume and value - and then a range of downstream products.
A sampling of manufacturing sectors that ultimately benefit
from greater capacity and more attractive pricing of NGLs spans
apparel and accessories, computers and electronics, machinery,
textile and fabrics and transportation equipment, among others,
PwC said.
As the US chemical
industry expands NGL conversion into a higher volume of
downstream products, the positive impacts could flow through
the value chain into other manufacturing sectors, particularly
given that chemicals are used in an estimated 90% of all
manufactured products, said Anthony J. Scamuffa, US
chemicals leader for PwC.
Not only could the abundance of NGLs help drive
reduced pricing for derivative products, it could also
potentially drive domestic re-shoring activity and possibly
bring about a favorable shift in the US balance of trade as
ethylene capacity comes on line.
Major oil and gas companies and upstream commodity industry
participants are evaluating their business models and actively
moving forward to take advantage of emerging shale gas
opportunities, according to PwC officials.
Some are considering whether to restart mothballed assets,
invest in green field projects, form strategic alliances,
and expand and upgrade existing assets. Many of these companies
are also executing large capital projects, identifying engineering
and construction resources, and
establishing strategic sourcing agreements with NGL
Further downstream, specialty chemical entities are starting
to feel the effects of natural gas and NGL prices on their
business models, PwC said. Moreover, as the commercial
distribution of ethane and ethane-based raw materials
increases, it could trigger new innovations and investment in
new technologies.
Research and development initiatives leveraging
ethylene-based chemistries that replace petroleum-based
products may predominate, PwC says. Companies might also look
for longer-term sourcing relationships and partnerships with
raw material suppliers to help with developing new
Based on industry reports, we estimate that the US
chemicals industry has invested $15 billion in ethylene
production, increasing capacity by 33%. As these investments
take hold yielding more supply, the US could become a major,
global, low-cost provider of energy and feedstocks, said Garrett Gee,
director of chemical advisory services at PwC.
We are already seeing increased investment activity
among multinational companies in building the infrastructure to
export liquefied natural gas (LNG) products.
As manufacturers replace petroleum-based raw materials with
products based on ethylene, their cost structures should also
change significantly, as well as supply and demand for certain
This pattern may be repeated for other petroleum-based raw
materials, many of which are used in building, construction, adhesives, paint,
coatings, plastics, packaging and carpeting.
If the changes brought about by shale gas take hold in the
chemicals industry, PwC says they will also create a need for
specialty steels, reactors, pumps, valves, fittings, control systems,
storage tanks, and other equipment, as well as the services of
engineering and construction firms.
Another possible outcome is that chemical products will
increasingly become a substitute for more expensive materials,
such as metals, glass, wood, leather and textiles.
There is no doubt that the significant increase in NGL
production could drive change across the US chemicals industry,
but the full potential of the market will depend on a number of
factors, said Scamuffa.
According to a New York Times article by
Michael Levi in August, these factors include domestic
tolerance for expanded hydraulic fracturing and its waste
products, as well as the political and economic ramifications
of exporting LNG.
The implications of the shale gas boom for the
chemicals sector also vary by company, so management teams need
to consider their individual situation and business options,
including the risks and opportunities presented by the
abundance of shale gas.
All comments are subject to editorial review.
All fields are compulsory.
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A searchable database of project activity in the global hydrocarbon processing industry
Engineers and designers are highly skilled individuals. Forcing them to enter design changes using tables, forms and spreadsheets is unproductive and uneconomical, and it increases the likelihood of human error—this is the way that most instrumentation software systems currently work. For too long, software vendors have denied engineers and designers the simple practicality of a graphical visual engineering interface with "drag and drop" capability and inbuilt intelligence, ensuring changes are automatically replicated into all the associated data and databases.
Is 2016 the peak for US gasoline demand?
Too soon to tell
July 2016


text:
LEGO Monster Fighters 9467 The Ghost Train for $59.12 + free shipping
Free shipping with Prime Membership
Embark on a haunted ride with the LEGO Monster Fighters Ghost Train. This set lets builders join the legendary Monster Fighters on a high-speed chase to reclaim a powerful artifact from a band of ghosts. The set comes with 741 pieces, including several moving parts, haunting glow-in-the-dark pieces, five minifigures, and a collectable Moon Stone. Recommended for ages 8 to 14, this LEGO set provides a fun challenge for both novice and experienced builders alike.
Vehicles include Ghost Train and hero airplane
Ghost Train features prison, detachable carriages and lots of glow-in-the-dark elements
Hero airplane features vacuum weapon, flick missiles and spinning propeller
Hero airplane measures over 3" (7cm) high, 8" (21cm) wide and 8" (20cm) long
Suck up the ghosts
Does not include: Motors or track
6 Comments add a comment
Good deal with Prime - however this Lego series is kind of blah.
@kbsig106: two words for you: Jack Stone
Monsters line was awesome. Sucks it's gone for Chima.
Wal-mart near my place still has 2 on clearance for $54
@orphicdragon: Two words for you - Classic Space
They're missing the boat by not bringing elements of the 1979-1987 line back. Make a revised LL 918, LL 928 - would be a solid hit with several generations.
As for this set, we have it and like the airplane the best.
@kbsig106: Classic space is my favorite. They were the only Lego's I had as a kid.
Ordered one yesterday with store pickup option. Great deal, seems it's an online price, as it was still $79.97 in store.
------------referring to Wal-Mart, not Amazon of course:)