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Shocks -- What You Need To Know And WhyWritten by on June 13, 2012 Easy to understand shock tech
It has been a while since we presented shock tech. In this issue, we will provide a more entry level explanation of the function of shocks. This is a very good read for even veteran racers that will help to explain the foundation of all shock setups. Along with this presentation we will provide the other side of shock tech, the spring tech.
Springs and shocks go hand in hand and need to be evaluated together because they influence each other directly. You can't think out your shock setup without knowing how the springs will affect the shocks, and vice versa. So, once you get through this course on shock basics, please go directly to the spring article and read how your choice of spring rates will directly affect your choice of shocks.
First up, we need to understand just what shocks can do, and what they can't do. Shocks are a tool that we use to support and enhance our spring setup. Shocks are influenced by the spring rates and help provide that all important balance we are trying to achieve that allows all four tires to work to their maximum capacity.
What Shocks Don't Do
- 1. Shocks do not support the car.
- 2. Shocks do not control the amount of load transfer or steady state load distribution.
- 3. Shocks do not affect chassis balance and handling at steady state mid-turn.
- 4. Shocks are not a cure-all for basic handling problems.
What Shocks Do
- 1. Shocks control and limit the speed of the motion of the suspension.
- 2. Shocks allow more or less rapid movement of a suspension corner in reference to opposing corners.
- 3. Shocks regulate the amount of time it takes for a corner of the car to assume a new ride height when the load it carries changes.
- 4. Shocks can be used to redistribute the amount of load on the four corners of the car as the car is in transition on corner entry and on corner exit.
- 5. And, shocks can be misused to "tie" down one or more corners of the car. This can be thought of as over-control.
How a Shock Works
Shocks resist suspension motion, either compression or rebound, by using a piston that must move through a fluid of thin oil. As the suspension moves, so must the fluid must pass through openings, valves, and slots. Varying resistance is created when the oil is forced through different sized openings and at different speeds. The resistance amount is necessarily different for compression (inward motion) and rebound (outward motion).
All racing shocks are of two basic designs, twin tube and mono-tube, and can be either gas pressurized or "low" pressure. The twin tube has literally two tubes, the inside tube is where the piston is located and where the work is done and the outside tube is a reservoir that holds extra fluid and a flexible gas-filled bag.
Shocks are Spring Dampeners
Shocks are installed in race cars, as in any car, to primarily control oscillations caused by the displacement of the springs, especially coil springs. If we place a load on an un-dampened spring, such as when it supports the car, and then push and release on that corner of the car, the spring will compress and rebound in a series of diminishing oscillations over a relatively long period of time. There is no known advantage to this condition and many disadvantages, so we use dampers to control and slow down the movement of the springs.
One of the most important things to understand about shocks and springs is the following:
In our race car, both the shocks and the springs resist compression. As to rebound, the springs promote it while shocks resist it. The control of these two motions, compression and rebound is the primary function of the shocks.
Compression and Rebound
The compression control side of the shock resists the following: 1) the bump movement of a corner of the car when we hit bumps (rises in the track), 2) movement due to the transfer of load to the front end during braking and deceleration, 3) movement due to the transfer of load to the rear upon acceleration, 4) compression movement of the right side springs when the lateral forces are applied as we deviate from a straight line and turn left.
The rebound control side of the shock resists the following: 1) rear chassis movement upon deceleration and braking, 2) front chassis movement on acceleration, and 3) left side movement caused by load transfer from left to right side as we negotiate the turns.
The second most important thing to know about shocks is contained in the following statement:
The amount of resistance that the shock provides with each movement, compression and rebound, increases proportionally to the speed at which the shock is forced to move. Low speeds create low resistance and high speed movement creates higher resistance.
Shocks are rated by their resistance in pounds of force for the speed of movement measured in inches per second. For a shock that is rated at 300 pounds at three inches, it would take 300 pounds of force to move the shock at a speed of 3 inches per second.
So, a shock, any shock, will record a rate of resistance at three inches per second of movement that is less than its rate of resistance when moving at 6 inches per second. This is primarily because with faster movement, more of the fluid must pass through the shock piston and the pressure increases causing more resistance.
We generally think of two ranges of the speed of shock movement when planning out our shock setup. These are low speed and high speed. The race car will usually experience each at different times during a lap around the track. And each is caused by different conditions.
Low Speed Control
Low speed shock movement is defined as shaft speeds that are between 1 to 5 inches of movement per second. Many racers use three inches per second to evaluate the shocks low speed resistance. These lower speeds are mostly associated with suspension movement caused by chassis roll and chassis dive at turn entry where the loss of forward speed is moderate. The low speed control dictates much of the handling side of the shock design and racetrack performance gains related solely to chassis balance and load distribution.
Each shock has a piston mounted on the end of the shaft and one or more open holes in the piston allow fluid inside of the shock to flow freely from one side of the piston to the other. The size of these "bleed" holes regulate how quickly the fluid will flow back and forth and that is one way the different levels of resistance are created for low speed control.
The bleed holes can be either permanently drilled holes or adjustable needle type valves. Most of the low speed adjustments on shocks that are built with the adjustment capability work by changing the size of the bleed opening to control the amount of slow speed flow. This adjustment can be designed to allow for both rebound and compression adjustment, or just one of those.
High Speed Control
As the shock experiences greater velocities of shaft movement, it goes into what is called high speed control and that involves shaft velocities of from 5 to 10-plus inches of movement per second. Types of suspension movement that create the higher shaft speeds include: 1) running over bumps, ruts or holes in the racing surface, 2) heavy braking on entry and hard on the throttle on exit, or, 3) a sudden change in banking angle such as transitioning from banking onto the apron of the racetrack.
The piston mounted to the end of the shaft also contains a valve mechanism that allows the fluid to flow through slots that are designed into the piston. The valves consist of discs that open as the internal oil pressure increases due to shaft movement in either compression or rebound. The discs are arranged in different sizes and thicknesses to control the dampening rate associated with higher shaft speeds.
Shaft Displacement
An important consideration in designing a racing shock is called shaft displacement. When the shock shaft is pushed into the shock body and into the fluid, it displaces the oil inside the shock. Suppose we pull the shock shaft out as far as it would go, fill the shock body completely with oil and then try to push the shaft back into the shock body. It couldn't go because the shaft would be trying to compress and displace an equal volume of oil. Because oil will not compress, and it's in a sealed environment, none of the oil can escape to allow the shaft to exist inside the shock body.
So, we need to create a space inside the shock and fill it with a substance that will compress. Gases such as air and nitrogen will compress. Every shock needs to have a certain volume of gas along with the fluid, in order to allow for the displacement of the fluid as the shaft moves into the shock body and takes up space.
The gas should not be air or any gas that could contain moisture. Due to the heat generated by shock/fluid movement, the moisture would expand and cause high pressure buildup inside the shock. Nitrogen is a dry gas that suits our purpose and is widely used in racing shocks.
Keeping the Oil and Gas Separate
The nitrogen gas we put into our shocks to compress and allow for the volume of the shock shaft must be separated from the fluids. The gas can be contained inside a plastic bag or separated by another piston. Because the bags used in twin-tube designs are not pressurized, these shocks are referred to as non- pressurized shocks.
In truth, as the shock shaft is pushed into the shock body, some amount of pressurization must take place due to the displacement of the shaft and resulting reduced volume of gas inside the shock body. The gas bag must contract which creates a small amount of pressure.
Installation Ratios Effect
If the speed at which the shock moves determines the pounds of resistance, then how and where we install the shock is a consideration. If the shock were to be mounted at the center of the front wheel, or on top of the ball joint, then as the wheel moved, the vertical speed created by that movement would equal the shock shaft speed. This is almost never the case in a stock car because of installation ratios.
In the front suspension, there is always an installation ratio—a shock angle that affects the relationship between the speed of the wheel movement and the speed of the shock shaft. The farther the shock is mounted from the ball joint and the greater the shock angle from 90 degrees off the control arm that it is mounted to, the slower the shaft will move in relation to the wheel movement, and the less control it will have over that movement.
If the speed of the shaft movement determines the amount of shock resistance, then the slower the shock moves, the less rate of resistance it will have. Therefore, if I mount the same rated shock at 2 inches from the ball joint verses mounting it at 6 inches from the ball joint I will have greater shaft speed and more resistance with the first mount with equal wheel speed movement. It makes sense that I would need a stiffer shock when mounting it at 6 inches than I would need if mounting it at 2 inches to have the same wheel speed control.
Linear and Digressive Designs
There are two basic piston designs used in most circle track racing. One is the linear piston (photo 9) that has a high flow rate at low shaft speeds and hence little resistance, and increased resistance as the shaft speed increases. The rate of the shock continues to increase as long as the speed increases.
The other design uses a digressive piston design (photo 10) and has a lower flow rate at low shaft speeds than the linear piston and provides more resistance and control. The resistance rate increases with increased shaft speeds to a pre-designed level and then tapers off.
As the shaft speed continues to increase, the resistance stays mostly uniform above a certain shaft speed. This "pop-off" characteristic works well for reducing the high amounts of resistance usually associated with sharp increases in shaft speeds due to running over bumps and holes in some racetracks. So, the digressive piston design might be better for dirt track applications and rough asphalt tracks.
Rebound Verses Compression Force
Because we install our shocks with springs, and we learned that springs resist compression and promote rebound, we need to use more rebound resistance than compression. The information presented in older automotive design books related to shock design for production automobiles called for equal resistance to suspension motion in both compression and rebound, in combination with the force of the springs.
Because springs naturally resist compression and promote rebound, we necessarily need a shock design with less compression resistance and more rebound resistance to be truly equal in control of each direction of movement. This is a very important principle and has added importance for modern day setups and spring arrangements.
We should never use a true 50/50 rated shock, where the resistance is the same on both rebound and compression, on a race car. Correct thinking would have us install a shock that has more rebound than compression resistance.
When the spring rates are very high, as in the case of a bump stop or bump rubber, the shock must control that higher spring rate. Therefore, high rebound rated shocks are not just incorporated to "tie down" the suspension, but to control suspension movement for the high spring rate of the bump device.
In Shock Part Two, coming next month, we will get a little deeper into shock technology and design. We will look at modern day shock graphs, and see how we might improve our performance by using different rate shocks in relation to various types of setups, racetrack designs and track conditions. Now, please go read the Spring article it is on page 36.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
1 Basic shock design utilizes a shock shaft and piston that must travel through a fluid (shock oil) as the shock cycles through compression and rebound. The fluid travels through low speed holes drilled in the piston and through high speed slots molded into the piston and past valve discs attached to the piston face. What is not shown is the gas space whereby as the shock shaft moves into the shock body, the added displacement of the shaft compresses the gas to provide room for the area of the shaft.2 As the piston moves inside the shock body, the fluid must flow through the piston, first, using the slow speed bleed holes drilled into the piston body. Then as the speed and pressure increases, the discs are forced open and the fluid is free to flow through slots cast into the piston and the flow is increased. The thickness of the disc as well as the number and diameter all help determine the exact amount of resistance to compression and rebound.3 The mounting of the front shock some distance from the ball joint on the lower control arm creates a motion ratio. This means that the shock moves at a speed slower than the wheel. Here we see the shock mounted inboard of the ball joint and the sway bar arm mounted inside of the spring. The sway bar has a different motion ratio than the shock. The angle of the shock also creates a motion ratio that makes the shock motion slower still than the wheel movement.5 This cut-away of an Integra shock shows the working piston, valves and seal and also the upper floating piston that separates the oil from the pressurized gas. We also see the enlarged gas chamber (alongside the floating piston) of this shock to provide more gas volume to reduce pressure buildup as the shaft moves into the shock body.6 This "shock" made from clear plastic with red colored fluid shows the inner workings of a modern gas pressure mono-tube shock. We can see the piston that the fluid flows through on top of the rod, the floating piston above it, and at the top that separates the fluid from the gas and the clear gas chamber at the very top of the shock.7 In this close-up, we see the actual piston and slots that allow the fluid to flow from one side to the other as the shock shaft moves in and out. Small drilled holes, called bleed holes, in the piston allow slow speed movement and the size of those holes regulates the amount of resistance. As the shaft speed increases, the pressure becomes too great for the small bleed holes to flow enough fluid past the piston. The steel discs attached to the sides of the piston deflect and allow a greater volume of fluid to pass through the piston. The size, number of, and thickness of, those discs determine how much pressure is needed to open them and the amount of volume of fluid that they will allow to pass through.8 Here we can see the motion difference between the shock and the spring, in this case a big spring stock mount. The shock can be designed to provide less rebound resistance than the spring rate due to being out board of the spring and closer to the wheel. This is because it has more leverage to resist the spring.9 A linear design shock has a piston that is designed to start out with low resistance and continue to build resistance as the speed of the shaft movement increases, in a linear fashion. This type of shock has very little low speed control, but very much high speed control.10 A digressive designed shock has a considerable amount of low speed control and builds resistance as the shaft speed increases to a predetermined point where the rate digresses and eventually stays nearly the same as the speed increases. This type of design has good low speed control and does not build ultra-high resistance with the high speeds associated with running over bumps and holes as in the case of some rough dirt tracks.


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For a psychology experiment a friend of mine is looking for a possibility to show phrases on an iPad screen which can be controlled from outside. (Laptop, second iPad)
There will be around 100 Phrases (probably on slides). And the it should be possible to make the iPad jump to any slide but without interacting with it.
Any ideas how this could be achieved?

subset: commoncrawl


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Well it's finally complete - visit the NEW Nodal Ninja website
Building websites is not my strong point by any stretch of the imagination, plus I had to attempt learning enough of Dreamweaver to get it going.
I hope you find the new website is more informative. We have a product selector, tutorials and much more information on our growing product line.
The older website was seriously lacking in product information so we thank you for you patience - it's been a long time coming.
Your comments are welcomed and PLEASE let me know if you find any bugs, typos, or errors.


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You rarely see Kristen Stewart walk the red carpet in anything but smoky eyes. "She doesn't like lipstick," her makeup artist, Jillian Dempsey, told Allure. "She hates the maintenance, and every time I try a loud color on her lips, she nicely asks if I can wipe it off." But who can blame her? Stewart found a look that works because it suits her facial features and personal style. Sometimes it's classic smoky eyes with gray and black shadows, sometimes it's brown and bronze, or sometimes she adds a hint of color, but it's always perfectly smudged, and always cool.
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- Ph.D. in English; doctoral certificate in Women's Studies, University of Texas-Austin, 2005
- M.A. in English, University of Texas-Austin, 2002
- B.A. in English, Grinnell College, 1995
CoursesI teach courses on African American literature, women's literature, American historical fiction of the late 19th-century, contemporary South Asian fiction, Women's and Gender Studies, and analytical writing.
Teaching Philosophy
As a product of a liberal arts education, and having taught at a variety of institutions (including secondary and graduate schools), I appreciate Willamette's commitment to interdisciplinarity. Most people, in my experience, aren't limited to only one style of thinking or single approach to a question. I consider the wealth of backgrounds, interests and skill sets present at Willamette a major resource of our intellectual community, and I enjoy exploring new ideas and approaches within this impressive collection of collaborative learners.
I arrived at my current focus on American historical fiction by way of graduate work in postcolonial literature, women's studies, and queer theory. My teaching reflects my continuing interest in power differentials--organized around wealth, color, sexuality, gender, faith, and location--and my efforts to inculcate passionate learning and active questioning in all students, especially around matters of identity and representation. My courses (like the fiction I assign) aim to unsettle perceptions of distance, to make real our affinity with "others," and to examine the repercussions of ignoring either our commonalities or important material differences.
My interdisciplinary courses typically draw a diverse mix of students whose previous exposure to subjects like intersectional identity, rights of access, and oppressive social structures widely varies. Whenever possible, I encourage class members to explicate difficult concepts and provide cultural or historical context for the fiction we read rather than appearing to "own" this information myself. Although I may occasionally lecture, my classrooms are dynamic spaces that foster intellectual discussion among all participants. We sit in a circle, which encourages verbal and visual engagement and substantive participation from everyone at least once per class meeting. In addition, I rearrange small groups to feature students' individual strengths and engender the greatest exchange of information.
In the spring section of "Peculiar Intimacies" last year, I was overjoyed during a discussion in which the proverbial light bulb of comprehension appeared above each student's head as various people explained the concept of intersectionality. I believe in empowering students to teach one another and in building their confident use of terminology, concepts, and analytical reading and writing skills. Students soon discover my expectation of textual support of their claims, both when writing and speaking. They learn to find "answers" by attending to primary sources and quoting the rich language of the literature. Such answers require original interpretation, critical thinking, and respectful discourse. I create opportunities to cultivate these skills by assigning respondents to student presentations; demonstrating the value of well-argued positions (by close-reading primary texts, performing brief lectures, and evaluating guest speakers); and challenging familiar paradigms through exposure to and examination of controversial material. If we are successful, by the end of the semester, the group may not share common beliefs--either with one another or the primary authors or critics; however they will understand and respect one another's positions and leave the class more knowledgeable and equipped to engage with the world as courteous and informed global citizens.
I recently received a grant from the American Association of University Women to support the completion of my manuscript, Peculiar Intimacies: Reading the Unspeakable in Historical Fictions of Antebellum America. My book addresses the wealth of popular historical fiction produced since the late 1970s that uncovers previously shrouded elements of American life during slavery. I argue that the explicit portrayal of boundary transgressions and resulting dynamics presented in these texts destabilize notions of distinct identity unsettling to readers yet critical to understanding social relations of the antebellum period and their contemporary repercussions. An article version of one of my chapters, "Peculiar Intimacies: Rending Antebellum Atrocities from Behind the Veil," which addresses Valerie Martin's 2003 Orange Prizewinning novel, Property, is currently under consideration at the Journal of Contemporary Women's Writing (Oxford University Press).
Two previous publications--an analysis of breastfeeding as a resistant, fugitive act paradoxically akin to infanticide in Toni Morrison's Beloved (the basis of a chapter in Peculiar Intimacies), and a critique of maternal stereotyping in two South African national narratives from the beginning and most recent points of black-authored publishing in that country--appeared as invited additions to edited book collections in 2009 and 2008 respectively. My dissertation, Milk Matters: Literary Representations of Breast-giving, Property, and the Self, examined the portrayal of lactation in South Asian and African American women's literature and argued against romanticized projections of breastfeeding as benign activity. I remain interested in discourses of maternity as evidenced by my classes on motherhood and maternal rhetoric, which emphasize the political and self-determining functions of mothering in comparative cultural contexts and popular media.


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My third question about Shishikura's result :
Shishikura (1991) proved that the Hausdorff Dimension of the boundary of the Mandelbrot set equals 2, in this paper1. The Mandelbrot set is defined by iterating to infinity the z^2+c map.
Does his result also apply for higher powers, such as z^8 + c ?
Thanks again.


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Pregnancy Fatigue? What to AvoidFeeling exhausted? Avoid these things, which will only add to your prenatal fatigue:
- Coffee: If you haven't given up caffeine during your pregnancy, you might think coffee is the elixir of energy. But in fact, it's a big part of your problem. Caffeine might give you a temporary boost, but the drop in energy that follows leaves you far worse off than before.
- Sugar: Sugar works a bit like caffeine. A Snickers bar might give you a quick perk, but the drop in blood sugar that follows is a double whammy to your body's efforts to stay alert. Try to avoid sugary products.
- "Hidden" caffeine: Don't forget the "hidden" sources of caffeine that can throw your body onto the perk-up-fall-down roller coaster. Colas, chocolate, and cocoa are all apt to aggravate your sleepy state.
- Nutrasweet: Before bedtime, avoid foods with the artificial sweetener Nutrasweet (watch those diet sodas!) It is a stimulant that keeps the brain active and will make it even more difficult to sleep soundly.
- Cigarettes and booze: Not only are these things bad for your developing baby , but they also add to your fatigue. Stay away.
Check out this list of pregnancy exhaustion exterminators.
excerpted from:
Excerpted from The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pregnancy and Childbirth © 2004 by Michele Isaac Gliksman, M.D. and Theresa Foy DiGeronimo. All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Used by arrangement with Alpha Books, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
To order this book visit Amazon's website or call 1-800-253-6476.


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Michigan Wolverines vs ConsolationMon, November 19, 2012 - TBACrisler Center in Ann Arbor, MI
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Seymour falls short vs. Amity
WOODBRIDGE — Under the circumstances, Seymour High football coach Tom Lennon was as composed as he could be.
Just moments after his Wildcats saw their comeback bid narrowly fall short in a 24-21 defeat at Amity in the season opener Wednesday night, he wouldn't let the players lose perspective.
"I know it's disappointing and it hurts," Lennon told his players during the postgame huddle. "I feel the same way. At the same time, I can't help but be excited and so optimistic on what's to come. You did everything we asked of you. You played with passion and with heart and you answered a lot of questions ... We will bounce back and start to rattle off wins. I am very proud of every one of you. There's no reason to be hanging your heads."
Lennon was right, especially about the Wildcats' effective running game led by Joey Salemme, who rushed for 233 yards on 36 carries and scored all three of his team's touchdowns, on runs of 1, 64 and 8 yards.
Salemme also intercepted a pass late in the fourth quarter to give the Wildcats a chance to rally. It was the third interception of the game for the defensive-minded Wildcats.
Seymour senior defensive lineman Dan Hink had one in the second quarter, batting down a pass and grabbing it before it hit the ground, and Christian Thurmond added a pick in the third quarter.
"We will bounce back," said Hink. "We can't live in the past. We have to keep fighting, and I know we will."
"We're not going to back down," added senior Zack Sirowich. "We have to learn from our mistakes and fix them. For one thing, we have to reduce our penalties."
The Wildcats had five off-sides penalties and also failed to convert four separate fourth-down plays, including two in the fourth quarter — a fourth-and-2 at the Amity 15 with 3:30 left in the game and a fourth-and-1 at the Amity 31 with 1:10 remaining.
Seymour led 14-0 before the Spartans rallied with a 32-yard field goal by Lyle Luth. David Ryan scored on a 1-yard TD for the Spartans late in the second quarter. David Buono had a 15-yard TD in the third and Joe Choiniere added a 2-yard TD run to help the Spartans to a 24-14 edge heading into the fourth period.
Reach Mark Jaffee at mjaffee@TheRealJaffman or on Twitter@TheRealJaffman.
Reader Comments
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Winner wrote on Sep 12, 2013 7:23 PM:
" It's nice to see the cats on the right path to get back to where they belong. "
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Ask a Librarian
Welcome to ODL's Ask-A-Librarian service, a web-based reference
service that helps deliver reference services via e-mail.
This service is brought to you by the Oklahoma Department of Libraries (ODL).
If you have not received an answer after 5 business days, send another request or phone us.
If you prefer to phone someone in General Reference, call at (405) 522-3505 during library hours.
For special reference services, the following departments are also available:
- Law/Legislative Reference: (405) 522-3213
- U.S. Government Documents: (405) 522-3335
- Oklahoma Documents: (405) 522-3192


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HIV & AIDS Health Center
AIDS, HIV, and Pneumocystis Pneumonia (PCP)
In this article
Treating Pneumocystis Pneumonia
If you develop PCP, you are likely to take Bactrim, Septra, or Cotrim. These drugs are combinations of two antibiotics (trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, or TMP/SMX). Depending upon how sick you are, you take TMP/SMX as a pill or intravenously through your vein (by IV) in a hospital. It is frequently combined with a course of oral steroids.
Some people have allergies to SMX, which is a sulfa drug. If you do, your doctor may have you try another medication. Or you may cut back on SMX and gradually increase the dose (called desensitization). Do this only under the guidance of your doctor.
Other drugs doctors use to fight the infection include:
- Dapsone (sometimes combined with TMP or pyrimethamine), taken by pill
- NubuPent, Pentam, or Pentacarinat (pentamidine), inhaled as an aerosol through a machine called a nebulizer. You may need to do this in a doctor's office or a clinic. It can also be injected into the vein for serious infection.
- Mepron (atovaquone), taken in a liquid (called oral suspension) with food. This may be used when TMP/SMX or pentamidine can't be taken.
If you have moderate to severe PCP and low oxygen levels, you may also receive corticosteroid drug.
Preventing Pneumocystis Pneumonia
There is no vaccine available to prevent this type of pneumonia. Because it raises CD4 counts, HAART is the best way to prevent PCP. If you are a smoker, you can reduce your risk for PCP by quitting.
Another key to prevention is starting PCP drugs before CD4 cell counts drop too low or you become too sick. You can take the same medication as that used to treat PCP, including TMP/SMX, but at different doses and frequency. Your doctor may recommend this if any of these things occur:
- You have had PCP in the past.
- Your CD4 count falls below 200.
- Your CD4 count falls below 300 and you have another opportunistic infection such as thrush, a fungal mouth infection. This infection may raise your risk for PCP.
- You are taking drugs that suppress the immune system.
If you have had PCP, you may need to continue taking medication to avoid recurrence. However, you may be able to stop taking PCP drugs if your CD4 count goes over 200 and stays there for at least three months.
WebMD Medical Reference


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Tenant Advice
More than 30,000 households in Birmingham rent their homes from a private landlord or agent. Young people often move into privately rented accommodation when they first leave home and, with many people moving around to find work, private renting is a good solution.
The private rented sector ranges from direct access hostels for homeless people to luxury city centre apartments. The standard of accommodation and the way it's managed varies.
The council is working with landlords, agents and tenants to encourage responsible renting, promote a positive image of private renting and to support good practice.
We provide information and advice to tenants on a variety of subjects including:
- Threat of eviction
- Harassment from your landlord
- Notice to Quit
- Repairs to rented property
- Deposits
- Rent and other charges
- Types of tenancy agreements
- Housing benefit
- Landlord responsibilities
- Ending a tenancy
If your enquiry relates to a private rented disrepair issue or require landlord or tenant advice we require the following information:-
- your name
- your address
- your phone number
- your email address
- number and ages of occupants
- name of the landlord
- address of the landlord
- phone number of the landlord
- email address of the landlord
- description of the property e.g. number of bedrooms
- date your tenancy began
- types of disrepair issues and their location e.g. mould growth in the bathroom
- landlord advice
- tenant advice
- have you contacted your landlord?
Our email address is firstname.lastname@example.com.
Birmingham City Council is consulting on proposals to extend the licensing of privately rented homes, including Homes in Multiple Occupation (HMOs). To find out more and give your views, please read the Cabinet Member report attached below and visit www.birminghambeheard.org.uk/place/initial-consultation-hmo-licensing.
- Recreation & Community
- Contacts
Private Rented Services
PO Box 16589
Tel - Private Tenancy issues - 0121 303 5070 (lines open 9-5pm Mon-Thur, 9-4pm Fri)
Tel - Repairs issues - 0121 303 5341
Fax - 0121 303 0593
Email - firstname.lastname@example.com
Home stamp
0121 288 2008
ARLA - The Association of Residential Letting Agents
01926 496800
National Approved Lettings Scheme
Residential Landlord Association
0845 666 5000
National Landlords Association
020 7840 8937
Midland Landlord Accreditation Scheme
0121 414 6438
Gas Safe Register
0800 408 5500
0808 800 4444
- I am looking for somewhere to live, where is the best place to look?
Private rented property is advertised in many ways, including:
- Local newspapers and magazines
- A local letting agency
- A local estate agent (many now have a lettings department)
- Local shop windows or supermarket notice boards
- Websites
If you're not sure of the best way, try using a reputable letting agent.
- What things should I be looking out for in a rental property?
There are several key things to look out for when viewing a property:
- Damp: look for tell-tale stains or mould on walls and ceilings.
- Electricity: are there enough sockets and do they work?
- Water: turn on a tap to check that it works.
- Gas: make sure the property has a Gas Safety Certificate from a gas engineer on the gas safe register.
- Kitchen and bathroom: are they well equipped and big enough? Do they have adequate ventilation?
- Furniture: check what comes with the property and what condition it's in. The landlord should give you a list (an inventory). Make sure you agree with what's on it. All upholstered furniture will have to comply with The Furniture and Furnishings (fire) (safety) Regulations 1988. A guide to these regulations can be found here.
- Security: check that all the doors and windows close properly and that there are enough locks and bolts to keep the property secure.
- Safety: how would you get out in a fire? Is there a smoke alarm? If you're thinking of moving into a house that's been converted into flats, bedsits, or a hostel there should be fire safety equipment, such as smoke and heat detectors, fire doors and fire blankets.
Make a list of anything that doesn't work or is missing and talk to the landlord about it.
Comprehensive details of things to look out for together with check lists for easy reference is available in a guidance booklet entitled "Read this First" which you can view on the Homestamp website.
- I am happy with the rental property, what next?
You should make sure that you:
- Can afford the rent. You may be able to get Housing Benefit to help pay your rent, so find out first
- Get a written tenancy agreement, which states what your rent is and spells out what you and your landlord are responsible for
- Get a receipt if you have paid a deposit to the landlord
- Find out which repairs your landlord is responsible for, which repairs you should do, and how to report a repair – by law you have to be provided with contact names and addresses to report repairs
- Does my landlord have the right to enter my property at any time?
You are entitled to 'quiet enjoyment' of the property you are renting. This means that your landlord has to let you use the property peacefully and must allow you to exercise all of your legal rights.
Your landlord (and agent if you have one) must, by law, give you their name and address so that you can report repairs or other problems.
Your landlord may have keys to your property but does not have the right to enter at any time. The only time your landlord has right of access is to check for any necessary repairs and to do this they need to give you at least 24 hours' written notice. This could be less in an emergency, but your agreement must still be sought before the landlord can enter your property.
If you are worried that your landlord is entering the property while you are out it may be possible for you to change the lock, but please take our advice before doing this.
- The living conditions in my rented property are unsatisfactory – what should I do?
The property you rent should provide a healthy and safe environment for you and your family as well as any visitors and should be free from unavoidable hazards.
If the property you are renting is in an unsatisfactory condition such that it is affecting your health and safety or if it is in need of repair then you should contact the landlord in the first instance preferably in writing. A sample letter you can use for this purpose is attached below. The landlord should then arrange for any necessary remedial action or repairs to take place.
If you think the defects are likely to put the health and safety of you and your family at risk of immediate and serious harm then you are advised to contact the city council's Private Rented Services Team (see Contacts above) as well as your landlord.
With respect to repairs in particular, landlords are typically responsible for:
- the structure and outside of the property
- basins, baths, sinks and toilets
- fires, radiators and water heaters
- water, gas and electricity supply and meters
- water tanks and boilers.
However this may differ depending on the conditions of your tenancy. When you sign your tenancy agreement you should find out which repairs your landlord is responsible for, which repairs you should do, and how to report a repair.
- I have reported a problem with my rented accommodation to the landlord but nothing has been done. What should I do?
If the reported problem is not attended to promptly by the landlord, then the following courses of action are available:
Contact the Private Rented Services (PRS) Team (see Contacts above) and ask the council to take action. The Private Rented Services team would then speak to or write to the landlord about the problem and wherever possible will work with the landlord to ensure any necessary remedial action is carried out within a reasonable period of time.
If the landlord fails to cooperate then depending on the nature of the problem, further enforcement action may be taken by the Private Rented Services Team. A full inspection of your home would firstly need to be carried out before any type of enforcement action could be taken.
If there is a serious and imminent risk of harm due to your housing conditions, the council has powers to take emergency action whereby a builder can be brought in at short notice to carry out any necessary work to remove the immediate danger.
Also in severe cases, either the whole or part of the property can be prohibited from use for living purposes, in which case the council will provide assistance with finding suitable alternative accommodation if required.
It is important to remember when you contact the council or another agency about your accommodation, make a note of the name of the person you speak to and the time and date of the discussion.
Further to this you may wish to look into the following courses of action (Legal advice should be sought prior to commencing any of the below).
- Take your landlord to court. Get legal advice before you do this.
- Sue your landlord for compensation if you are injured or your possessions are damaged because your landlord didn't carry out the necessary remedial work. If any of your visitors are affected they can also sue.
IMPORTANT - Do not stop paying rent – this could give the landlord grounds for taking court action to evict you.
- My circumstances have changed and I can no longer afford my rent. What should I do?
If you're finding it hard to make ends meet, or your circumstances change, you may be able to claim benefits.
You can get advice from your local Neighbourhood Office or the Citizens Advice Bureau.
- My neighbours are extremely noisy, what should I do?
It's your right to live in peace, free from the nuisance of noisy or antisocial neighbours. The Environmental Health Team can investigate and tackle noise from neighbours, such as music, DIY work, barking dogs and noise from industry.
If you're having problems with nuisance or harassment from antisocial neighbours, tell your landlord and call the Birmingham antisocial behaviour helpline on 0121 303 1111 for advice and help.
- I want to move to another house and need to end my tenancy, what should I do?
You normally have to give one months written notice to your landlord to end your tenancy. Make sure to keep a copy of the letter. If you have a fixed term agreement such as an assured shorthold tenancy you may have to pay rent until the end of your agreement, unless it contains a clause allowing you to leave early. For example, if you leave after three months of a six-month tenancy, you may have to pay rent for the remaining three months if your landlord is unable to re-let the property for this period.
Once the fixed-term period is up you only need to give 28 days' notice. Remember to keep a copy of the letter.
- My landlord wants to end my tenancy, what can I do?
If your landlord tells you that they want you to leave, check your tenancy agreement to see what notice you're entitled to. The length and type of notice that your landlord will have to give you depends on which type of tenancy you have. If you are unsure or want help contact us.
Unless you share accommodation with your landlord you will usually be entitled to written notice and a court order before having to leave. It is a criminal offence for your landlord to evict you without following the correct legal procedure.
- Is there more than one type of tenancy agreement?
Yes, there are different types of tenancies:
Assured Short-hold Tenancies
This is the most common type of tenancy used by private landlords. Under an assured short-hold tenancy you have a legal right to live in your home for a period of time. Your tenancy might be set up for a set period such as six months, which is known as a fixed term tenancy. It could run on a week-to-week or month-to-month basis, which is known as a periodic tenancy. The landlord can evict you at the end of the fixed term tenancy, but if your fixed term tenancy is for less than 6 months or if you have a periodic tenancy, the landlord must wait for six months from the start of the tenancy before they can evict you.
To end your tenancy the landlord must go to court to get a Possession order. The court will grant this automatically if the landlord shows that they have followed the correct procedure. You may have to pay the court cost.
If you receive a notice to quit contact us.
You cannot be evicted during the course of the tenancy unless you have broken one or more of the tenancy's conditions (for example, if you have not paid the rent). If the landlord alleges that you have done this, they must serve a valid notice seeking possession and get a court order before you can be evicted. The court will consider the case and may or may not award possession to the landlord.
Assured Tenancies
This type of tenancy is the most secure and can only be created if the landlord serves you with an assured tenancy notice before the tenancy starts. If the landlord wants you to leave, there are strict rules about the procedures they must follow in terms of the amount of notice and the way that they serve it to you. The landlord must get a court order before you can be lawfully evicted.
Resident Landlord Lets
These are sometimes known as lodgings. If you live in the same house as your landlord and share facilities such as a bathroom or kitchen, you are only entitled to receive the amount of notice that was agreed when you moved in. In this type of situation the landlord would not need a court order to evict you. If you moved in before 15 January 1989, different rules could apply so get advice.
Other Types of Occupancy
If you share accommodation with someone else you would be entitled to a notice to quit, which gives at least 28 days' notice before you must leave the property. The landlord may also have to apply for a court order.
- Do I have to sign a tenancy agreement?
No. It's not always necessary to have a written tenancy agreement but it is advisable because it means that the details of the agreement are recorded. The contents of a written agreement can affect your rights as a tenant.
Always get advice before you sign any agreement. The unfair contract terms regulations mean that the landlord cannot include any clauses that are unfair to you, for example, that you have to pay a high rate of interest on any unpaid rent. These clauses can be taken out. Get advice if you think your agreement contains any unfair clauses.
If you are a tenant and don't have a written tenancy agreement, you have the right to get your landlord to provide a written statement of the basic terms of the tenancy. These will include the start date of the tenancy, the rent you must pay, whether the tenancy is for a fixed term and the length of the fixed term.
- What charges can the landlord make?
Premium: a non-returnable sum of money that the landlord can charge simply for giving you the tenancy.
Deposit: the landlord can charge a returnable deposit of up to two months' rent. You have a responsibility to leave the property in the same condition in which it was let to you, allowing for fair wear and tear. When you move in, make a detailed list of all the property's contents and record its condition. Taking photographs will help. Check the circumstances in which your landlord could refuse to return your deposit when you move out. If you have an assured shorthold tenancy your landlord must protect your deposit with one of the Tenancy Deposit Schemes. Please see What is the Tenancy Deposit Scheme below for more information.
Rent: money you agree to pay the landlord for the right to live in your home. The amount of rent you pay will depend on your negotiations with the landlord and what you can afford. You can get an idea of what rents are being charged locally by looking at the register of determined rents held by the Valuation Office Agency.
Bills: find out whether payments for gas, electric, water and phone services are included in the rent or whether you will need to pay the suppliers yourself.
- Am I entitled to any benefits to help me pay my rent?
If you get Income Support or Job Seekers' Allowance, or if you are on a low income, you can claim Local Housing Allowance to help you pay your rent. These pay for accommodation only and do not cover charges for heating, lighting, food or care that may be included in your rent.
Local Housing Allowance
Local Housing Allowance is a new way or working out Housing Benefit for tenants of private landlords. Local Housing Allowance is based on who lives with you and what income and savings you have. It is calculated on the number of rooms you need not the number of rooms in your home or how much rent you pay If your Local Housing Allowance is more than your rent, you can keep the difference, up to £15 per week.
The Rent Office Services sets Local Housing Allowance rates. The rates are displayed at each of our Customer Service Centres.
Before agreeing to take on a tenancy you should check the amount of Local Housing Allowance you will get for the size of property you are planning to rent. You can check amounts at your local neighbourhood office. This will help you decide if you can afford the rent. Local Housing Allowance is paid to the tenant unless you:
- Owe rent for eight weeks or more
- Are having deductions made from a welfare benefit
- Have a history of owing rent arrears
- Are considered vulnerable
For further information, contact the benefits service on 0121 464 7000 or ask at your local Customer Service Centres.
Housing benefit: if your benefit claim began before 7 April 2008 your housing benefit will continue to be calculated under the old rules, unless there is a break in your claim or you change address. For further information, contact the benefits service on 0121 464 7000 or ask at your nearest Customer Service Centre.
- I am moving into a property which is occupied by more than one family. Does my landlord have any special responsibilities?
Yes, if you are moving into a property that is a House in Multiple Occupation the landlord may need a licence. If the property has three floors or more and there are five or more tenants who share facilities, then the landlord must have a licence. If the property does not require a licence the landlord must still adhere to specific conditions regarding the quality of the property provided and failure to do so could lead to action being taken against them by the council.
The landlord is also responsible for:
- Providing accommodation that is large enough and has enough cooking, washing and toilet facilities for the number of people living there
- Providing fire safety precautions and keeping them in good working order, including fire doors, smoke alarm systems, emergency lighting and a fire blanket in any shared kitchen
- Ensuring that supplies of water, gas and electricity are maintained
- Keeping the communal parts of the property in good repair, such as stairs, hall, shared kitchens and bathrooms
- Is there anything I need to do once I have moved into the property?
There are a few things you should do to protect yourself and your rights:
- Make sure that you have a full inventory (list of contents and condition of property). If your landlord doesn't provide one, write it yourself and get your landlord to sign it. If your landlord won't co-operate get an independent witness to sign it. Make a note of anything that's damaged or needs repair or cleaning. It can be helpful to take photographs
- Read the gas, electricity, water and phone meters on the first day of your tenancy, even if you're not moving in until a later date
- Get your possessions insured. Your landlord's insurance will not cover them
- Find out where the water stopcock, electricity switch, fuse box and the gas isolator valve are
- Make sure that you have a telephone number to contact your landlord or manager in case of an emergency
- What are my responsibilities as a tenant?
You must:
- Pay your rent
- Behave in a reasonable way, not causing nuisance or annoyance to others
- Not damage any fixtures, fittings or furniture belonging to the landlord. If there is any furniture that you don't want, ask the landlord to remove it. Don't store it anywhere without their permission. Ask the landlord before making any changes to the property
- Inform the landlord if repairs are needed
- Allow the landlord to have access to the property at reasonable times, for example to carry out repairs, but preferably by appointment
- Not sub-let or take in a lodger without asking permission first, unless your contract allows you to do this
- Give the landlord proper notice if you wish to leave. You may well have responsibilities over and above those outlined here. If you have, they should be included in your tenancy agreement
- What are my landlord's responsibilities?
Your landlord must:
- Give you their name and address and that of their agent, if they use one
- Give you a written statement of the conditions of the tenancy
- Give you a rent book if you pay weekly, or a receipt for the rent payment if you pay fortnightly or monthly;
- Respect your right to peace and quiet in your own home
- Register your deposit with one the Tenancy Deposit Schemes. Please see "What is the Tenancy Deposit Scheme" below for more information
- Give you reasonable notice in writing if they need to get into your home, for example to do repairs;
- Give you legal notice if they want you to leave
- Make suitable arrangements for security of your mail to prevent interference
- Ensure that gas appliances are tested at least once a year and give you a copy of the safety certificate within 28 days of the test taking place
- Ensure that all upholstered furniture complies with fire safety regulations
- What happens if I don't pay my rent?
It's your responsibility to pay the rent on time, as set out in your tenancy agreement. If you pay weekly the landlord must give you a rent book. If you pay fortnightly or monthly make sure you get receipts for payments you make. If you don't pay the rent for whatever reason, the landlord can start possession proceedings to evict you from the property. You should not withhold rent in an attempt to force the landlord to carry out repairs.
If the landlord does not collect the rent, you should make every effort to pay it. Write to the landlord, saying that you want to pay and keep a copy of the letter. If you try and pay the rent and the landlord refuses to accept it, make sure that you have an independent witness. Keep the rent money in a separate account, so that you can pay it when asked. Then, if the case goes to court, you will be able to show that it was the landlord, not you, who acted wrongly.
- I am moving to another rented property. Is there anything I need to do before I leave the existing one?
- Clean it thoroughly, making sure that everything is as you found it when you moved in
- Write to the landlord inviting them to inspect the property. If the landlord is unhappy with any aspect, try to put things right immediately, so that there will be no deduction from the deposit when it's returned to you
- If you're responsible for gas, electricity, water or phone bills, arrange to have the meters read on the day you move out, and get the final bills sent to your new address
- Don't rely on the deposit for your last month's rent. You have to pay rent until the end of your tenancy
- Return all keys to the landlord when you leave, either in person or by registered post
- My landlord has told me that I must leave their property and is harassing me to leave as soon as possible. What should I do?
You should be able to live in your home without harassment or threats. If your landlord harasses you to try to make you leave, or threatens to evict you illegally, contact us straight away.
- Will I get my deposit back when I leave the property?
Yes, but your landlord can normally make deductions from your deposit for:
- Damage to the property or furniture (but not normal wear and tear)
- Cleaning costs, if the property is left in a worse state than when you moved in
- Keys not returned
- Any rent that you owe
If you paid your deposit before 6 April 2007 it should be returned within a week of you leaving the property. If the landlord does not return your deposit, or if you consider that any deductions made are unjustified, you can take action to reclaim the money in the Small Claims court.
Anyone can use this procedure, without the need for a solicitor. Leaflets and advice are available to help you, which you can get from the private tenancy officers or the Citizens Advice Bureau.
If you paid your deposit after 6 April 2007 your deposit will be covered by a tenancy deposit scheme. Within 14 days of taking your deposit your landlord should have told you which of the authorised schemes it is registered with and how to apply for the release of the deposit. All of the authorised schemes have a dispute resolution service. They will decide if, or how much of the deposit should be returned to you. You can get further advice from the private tenancy team on 0121 303 5070 (lines are open from 9am-5pm Monday to Thursday and 9am-4pm on Fridays) or at your local Neighbourhood Office.
- What is the tenancy deposit scheme?
If you have an assured shorthold tenancy your landlord must protect your deposit with one of the Tenancy Deposit Schemes. If you paid your tenancy deposit between the 6 April 2007 and 5 April 2012 your landlord (or agent) had only 14 days to protect the deposit and to provide you with the required information. If your tenancy has not ended and your landlord has not done this they will now be subject to the new procedures. Your landlord had until the 5 May 2012 to protect your deposit and to provide you with the relevant information about the tenancy deposit protection scheme they have used. Before 5 April 2012 if your landlord did not protect your deposit and give you the required information they could be fined three times the amount of your deposit. If your tenancy has ended or your landlord protects your deposit before the court hearing, the court cannot fine the landlord at all.
If you paid your tenancy deposit to a landlord or agent after 6 April 2012, they must:
- protect your deposit within 30 days of receiving it, and
- return your deposit at the end of your tenancy.
Your landlord must provide you with all the following information within 30 days:
- their contact details
- details of the tenancy deposit protection scheme they have used
- information about the purpose of the tenancy deposit protection scheme
- how to get your deposit back at the end of the tenancy
- what to do if there is a dispute about the deposit.
A court can fine a landlord between 1 to 3 times the value of the deposit if they:
- only protect a tenants deposit after 30 days, or
- fail to give the tenant details of the scheme used within 30 days, or
- fail to protect the deposit (the court can also order the landlord to protect your deposit).
If your landlord does not protect your tenancy deposit and provide you with the required information, their right to evict you using a Section 21 Notice will also be affected. Your landlord will not be able to use a Section 21 Notice to evict you unless:
- they return all your deposit money to you
- they are authorised by your to offset all or part of your deposit money against rent or damage
- if you have brought a claim for the "3 times penalty" award which has been resolved either by agreement or a Court Order.
At the end of your tenancy you should try and agree with your landlord how much of your deposit will be returned or kept by your landlord. Ask your landlord or agent for a breakdown of any amounts they deduct from your deposit. There are rules on what can be deducted from your deposit. Your landlord or agent cannot charge you to cover normal wear and tear. If you cannot agree with your landlord or agent the Tenancy Deposit Schemes have an Alternative Dispute Resolution Service (ADR) aims to resolve any disputes without going to court. When a dispute occurs, and if you and your landlord both agree to use ADR, you will have to accept any decision and will then not be able to apply to the courts if you disagree with it. If you or your landlord does not agree to use ADR you may need to go to court to claim you deposit back.
Further advice is available from the private tenancy team on 0121 303 5070 (lines are open 9am-5pm Monday to Thursday and 9am-4pm) or your nearest Customer Service Centre on 0121 216 3030.
- How do I contact a Tenancy Deposit Scheme?
The two types of tenancy deposit protection schemes are:
- Custodial schemes – the landlord or agent pays the tenants deposit into the scheme, where it will be kept until the end of the tenancy.
- Insurance scheme – the landlord or agent keeps the deposit but pays an insurance premium to the scheme – meaning the tenants deposit is insured in case of dispute.
There are three government approved Tenancy Deposit Schemes:
The Deposit Protection Service
The Pavilions
Bridgwater Road
0844 4727000
Deposit Protection Service is a custodial scheme
Ground Floor,
Kingmaker House,
Station Road,
New Barnet,
0844 9800290
My Deposits is an insurance scheme
PO Box 1255
Hemel Hempstead
0845 2267837
The Dispute Service is an insurance scheme.
- Shelter
- Department for Communities and Local Government
- Association of Residential Letting Agents
- StepChange Debt Charity
- National Debtline
- Community Legal Advice
- Her Majesty's Court Service
- Home Stamp
- Citizen's Advice Bureau: Debt Advice
- Homestamp fire and security protection standards
- Gas Safe Register


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Podcast: Play in new window | Download
Today I have
a pretty awesome treat for you all, to take a break from all the science communications podcasts and job news. Over the weekend, I caught up with author Todd Keisling to discuss the recently-released second novel in his Monochrome Trilogy, entitled The Liminal Man. Before listening to the interview, you might want to read my review of the first book in the trilogy, A Life Transparent. ALT hit me, like it hit so many other people, right in the feels; it spoke strongly to my experience of working a shitty retail job and wondering where my creative aspirations had gone.
Now, The Liminal Man takes the journey of Donovan Candle and pushes it one step further, asking the question of what happens after someone has had such a wake-up call as Donovan had in the first book. And what happens when an alternate, twisted world you thought you had locked away comes back with a vengeance? Click the big ol' play button up the top there to listen in for my review of The Liminal Man, followed by my chat with Todd.
Also! A Life Transparent is 100% FREE right now, and downloadable from Amazon. So why not have a look?
Also also! Todd is giving away a major prize draw for those who are following his blog tour. Just click on the Rafflecopter widget at the bottom of this post to start entering. I believe you can enter multiple times by following Todd on Twitter, Facebook, and the like. Best of luck!
Final also! Here's a couple of links:
You can buy The Liminal Man from Amazon.
Check out Todd's blog page for more behind-the-scenes stuff, as well as interviews and reviews from around the world.


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The first thing I learned about GTD was to get things "out of my head" into an inbox.
This results in an overly long Inbox list which tasks that I still need to rewrite into (multiple) "do-able" tasks.
How do I prevent from being overwhelmed by my GTD inbox?
Should I look for the most important things in the inbox or process it from top to bottom?
If I feel like I don't have to do most things now, is it fine to get an overly long "Later" / "Someday" list?
Is the Inbox meant to be processed on a daily basis or at a weekly review?
Could it be useful to split up the inbox in multiple lists?


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Today in Tweet Beat, Michael Jackson's questionably ethical dermatologist Dr. Arnold Klein has been made a consultant for the FDA. Plus, Eric Roberts talks about why he got off the pot.
Peopl r askng me coz of CELEB REHAB what got me off the drugs I quit before this final "weeding of my garden". What motivated me was an NDE
Not a NearDeathExperience. Not that kind of NDE. Mine was a Near Divorce Experience. That was the personal bottom that got me off drugs.
I am so deeply saddened about the passing of Rich Cronin.Not only did he teach me the beauty of writing my own music,but he was an amazing..
..person and friend. I will miss him dearly, and I'm so upset i didn't have the chance to say goodbye....I love you, Rich.
Trying to roll through fashion week incognito. Love my camel colors! http://twitpic.com/2mphxj
My parents are here. I should write a wholesome alternative sitcom called "My Dad Disapproves When I Say Shit."
I feel like the dj is my body guard, you see the way he keeps me safe with that treble in that base, I feel free :)
Off to Fashion Week this week, to spend some time watching rickety girls walk and be hungry at the same time. #ladyeatasandwich
A shot of me and my handsome boyfriend @eliroth taken at the end of my Parisian @dirrtyglam magazine shoot. Yum. http://twitpic.com/2mrge1
Damn man Kanye do have power. Bank$ head $o big after that tweet la$t night he gone fuck around and $ign to good music lol
that was my 1 tweet for the day till sept 13


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does anyone have instructions or a website on how to set up a VPN connection between a home computer running Win XP and a phone/tablet running android?
the info i'm finding is how to connect to an office network, which i don' t need.
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WACO (February 5, 2013)--Entrepreneurship students at Baylor University have teamed up with the town of Addison to help them cultivate their online businesses.
The partnership will give the students experience creating online businesses, raising funds, creating marketing plans, launching products and services and generating sales.
Addison, a town in north Texas, will provide the businesses network support during a 12-month period and leverage the support of community economic development stakeholders through the city's economic development department.
Eight student teams comprised of three students per group will participate and are required to launch their company within 45 days.
Students are expected to generate revenue in the first semester and to make profit during the second semester.
Each team is receiving $5,000 of seed funds from the Baylor Angel Network through BAN AV Investment Fund One, LLC.
The program will be offered each year and will be funded by Fund One for three years.
Addison will provide free office space and support services for one year for graduates who complete the Accelerated Ventures Program at Baylor's Hankamer School of Business.


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GRAYSON COUNTY, TX-- Business owners at Lake Texoma are breathing a sigh of relief after the latest tests on the water show the level of Blue Green Algae is down. It's now down to an advisory.
Business owners say last year's Blue Green Algae warnings were devastating.
On Labor Day, only six boats entered the water at Highpoint Marina, a time that usually sees more like six every 15 minutes.
Wednesday, Grayson County officials and Lake Texoma business owners came together to send a clear message.
"The lake is open for business!" Judge Drue Bynum said to a packed Grayson County Court House, as business owners from both sides of Lake Texoma, came together to and let the public know the lake is safe again.
Chris Duroy is a Marshall County Commissoner. He says last year's Corps of Engineers warnings scared people from spending time on the lake.
"This last year was a tough year. Let's hope it was an extreme year, and now we can get back to normal and everything can be great," Duroy said.
Now he says, it's important to get the message out that the Lake is safe again.
"We felt that it was important to make sure we did not run into the same situation we were in last year. Which was lack of information, not really knowing what's happening with the lake and not being able to control it," Michael Tucker, with Texoma Destinations, said.
Some business owners felt the Corps' warnings were overblown. They say Blue Green Algae occurs naturally and thrives in waters with little inflow and high temperatures like Lake Texoma experienced last summer.
And they said, not all blue green algae is dangerous.
"The corps of engineers is testing for blue green algae content in lake texoma. There is no correlation between Blue Green Algae and the toxins from Blue Green Algae," Bynum said.
The Corps. said all Blue Green Algae are capable of producing toxins that can irritate the body.. They admit that toxins don't exist in all of the algae.
Paul Balkenbush, an environmentalist with the Army Corps. of Engineers explained what they test for.
"But considering that all blue-green algae can produce a dramto-toxin, that's why we don't necessary test for toxicity. But we do relate it back to the densities that the world health organization considers necessary to our lake."
Now lake business owners hope, sending out a clearer message about what's happening at the lake, will bring people back to the lake and customers back to their businesses.
"Lake Texoma is at the advisory level. People can use their own judgement to look at the risk factors that is associated to blue green algae and determine whether they want to be in the water or not," Balkenbush explained.


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The Riemann mapping theorem says that if you have a simple closed curve in $\mathbb{C}$, then there is an essentially unique way to map a holomorphic disc to the interior. Is there any reasonable statement to make about holomorphic discs bounding a simple closed curve in $\mathbb{C}^2$?
(At first I thought you should just project to some appropriate choice of coordinate axes and reduce to the one dimensional case, but it is now not at all clear to me why some such choice should exist.)


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PARKERSBURG - Logan Cox scored four touchdowns and host Parkersburg South tallied 20 points off four first-half Brooke turnovers Friday night inside the Erickson All-Sports Facility as the Patriots improved to 5-3 by rolling past the Bruins, 53-27.
Jordan Quiocho's 3-yard touchdown run followed by Isaac Boles' extra point at 8:40 of the first quarter put the Patriots ahead quickly, but Brooke answered with a 1-yard sneak from quarterback Alec Buchmelter just 49 seconds later to even the contest.
However, the Patriots (5-3) ended up taking a 34-7 advantage into intermission and actually scored 33 unanswered points against the Bruins, who fell to 1-6 and are set to entertain Weir next Friday night.
Cox, who finished with 165 yards rushing on nine attempts, hit paydirt on a 55-yard scamper at 6:20 of the first to put the hosts ahead for good. After Patriot Tyler Rouse picked off Buchmelter, who threw three and was eventually replaced by Aaron Walker, Braxton Johnson hauled in a 23-yard scoring pass from Tyler Bolen. Bolen missed just one of his first nine aerials and had 157 yards in that span. He finished the game 14 of 20 for 221 yards and two touchdowns.
Johnson's reception gave the now 15th-ranked Class AAA Patriots - who take next week off before returning to action on Oct. 26 at home against Wheeling Park - a 20-7 lead after the opening 12 minutes.
Although Cody Hively had a diving interception to end Brooke's ensuing drive, the Patriots missed a field goal. However, Brendan Schwendeman then recovered a Brooke fumble and Cox galloped 39 yards for his second score. After Cox picked off Buchmelter for the third time, the Patriots took a commanding 34-7 advantage with 5:20 left before halftime when Cox took it in from the 9.
Fact Box
Parkersburg South 53, Brooke 27
Brooke 7 0 7 13 - 27
Parkersrbug South 20 14 6 13 - 53
PS: Quiocho 3 run (Boles kick)
B: Buchmelter 1 run (Schwertfeger kick)
PS: Cox 55 run (Boles kick)
PS: Johnson 23 pass from Bolen (kick failed)
PS: Cox 39 run (Boles kick)
PS: Cox 9 run (Boles kick)
PS: Mitchem 11 pass from Bolen (kick failed)
B: Loughrie 42 run (Schwertfeger kick)
PS: Cox 5 run (Boles kick)
B: Morris 11 run (Schwertfeger kick)
PS: Cody Smith 36 run (run failed)
B: Staffileno 68 pass from Walker (kick failed)
RUSHING: Brooke 38-223 (Alec Buchmelter 4-9, Aaron Walker 7-29, Justin Loughrie 20-155, Zac Morris 5-35, Team 1-(-1), Heath Hildreth 1-(-4); South 33-295 (Tyler Bolen 2-2, Braxton Johnson 3-17, Logan Cox 9-165, Cody Hively 2-0, Jordan Quiocho 7-23, Brendan Schwendeman 2-12, Cody Smith 2-41, Gage Foutty 6-35).
PASSING: Brooke 7-20-134-0-3x (Buchmelter 3-14-35-0-3x, Walker 4-6-99-1-0); South 14-20-221-1-0 (all by Bolen)
RECEIVING: Brooke (Cole 2-17, Staffileno 1-68-td, Wallace 3-42, Loughrie 1-7; South (Johnson 8-147, Braniff 2-30, Smith 1-14, Quiocho 1-(-1), Mitchem 1-11, Cox 1-20).
FIRST DOWNS: Brooke 17; South 21
PENALTIES: Brooke 7-49; South 4-20
FUMBLES: Brooke 1-1; South 3-0.
Brooke, which was led by freshman Justin Loughrie's 20 carries and 155 yards rushing, had its next to last drive of the first half thwarted when Patriot Logan Dilliner registered a sack.
Bolen found Wes Mitchem open for an 11-yard TD toss as Parkersburg South, which got eight catches and 147 stripes receiving from Johnson, scored on its opening possession of the second half and increased its lead to 40-7.
Loughrie broke free on a 42-yard TD run late in the third, but Cox answered just six seconds into the final period with his fourth touchdown, this one from 5 yards out.
The Bruins, who trailed in total yards by a count of 302-85 at intermission, got two six-pointers in the fourth quarter. Zac Morris had an 11-yard touchdown run and Aaron Walker hit Joe Staffileno on a 68-yard catch-and-run touchdown.


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Edwaard Liang's "Feast of the Gods"New work lived up to its title
Posted 15 March 2009 - 08:16 PM
I ran into a couple of friends during the second intermission. One said "The first piece was the best choreography that I've ever seen."
Maybe after I see it again I can write a better description. But I was just overwhelmed by the emotion of the entire program (which concluded with Twyla Tharp's In The Upper Room).
Posted 16 March 2009 - 10:30 AM
Posted 16 March 2009 - 12:29 PM
Thank you for your report and the musical note: it's a lovely piece.
Posted 21 March 2009 - 09:10 PM
Feast of the Gods consists of 5 "movements" (I'll have to listen to the CD a few more times, but right now I'm thinking that the movements don't necessarily have a 1-to-1 correspondence with the movements in Respighi's music). The odd numbered ones are mostly ensemble pieces, with various all-men, all-women, and couples (the numbers for each ranging between 4 and 6), though there were a few short segments with pairs and a short solo for a woman in the first "movement". The even numbered "movements" were striclty for a single pair.
I never thought that I would want to see the same piece 3 times in 2 days, so I made plans to go to the symphony tonight with a group from my hiking club, thus missing the final performance. After today's matinee, I thought that I could skip the first half of the symphony to see this once more, but for some reason when the time came I thought that I might be perceived as being rude for skipping out for part of the symphony concert, so I didn't go through with the plan. I'm regretting my decision, but consoling myself with the thought that Gil Boggs has brought works that made a big impact 2 or 3 years later (e.g., From Foreign Lands and People this season and Celts next season). This piece is very modern but non-trendy, so I think that it will age well.
Posted 22 March 2009 - 04:13 AM
This piece is very modern but non-trendy, so I think that it will age well.
It would be wonderful if a work like this moved to other companies. So few contemporary works have legs unless they come from the big Brand Name choreographers.
How many dancers are needed? Can you give us a breakdown of each section in terms of size of ensemble, music, etc? It would also be interesting to hear how the audience responded. Somehow, what you describe, doesn't quite fit in with the ubitquitous and rather over-whelming Upper Room as a program closer.
Posted 22 March 2009 - 11:29 AM
How many dancers are needed? Can you give us a breakdown of each section in terms of size of ensemble, music, etc? It would also be interesting to hear how the audience responded. Somehow, what you describe, doesn't quite fit in with the ubitquitous and rather over-whelming Upper Room as a program closer.
Feast of the Gods is the complete opposite of In The Upper Room. It's very formal and elegant and unmistakeably ballet. It doesn't overwhelm with high energy but completely captures you emotionally through beauty and grace.
This work is extremely complex, and it was impossible to take it all in even seeing it 3 times, so I really can't give good answers to your questions. I had never heard Respighi's Ancient Airs and Dances before, so I'm not familiar enough with the music to be able to identify which parts were used when. I know that it started with the beginning of the 1st suite, but my current impression is that the music for this work did not follow Resphighi's order. I could be wrong. Unfortunately, none of the previewers or reviewers provided any information about the music.
The work uses 6 men and 6 women. For the majority of the odd "movements" all 12 or all 6 men or all 6 women are on stage, though there were periods with fewer (including a solo by principal dancer Sharon Wehner). The other 2 "movements" were strictly duets (the 2nd "movement" was apparently always performed by principal dancers Chandra Kuykendall and Alexei Tyukov, who are normally paired together, while I think that the pair in the 4th "movement" changed from performance to peformance - because I prefer to sit at least half way back, I can't always recognize the individual dancers). Overall, it's very symmetric, with the middle "movement" being the fastest tempo-wise.
The audience response was very good, but it also was for the other 2 works. Standing ovations are rare at the Colorado Ballet, and only In The Upper Room got a standing ovation, which might have as much to do with it being the finale as it was with the audience's opinion of it.
Posted 22 March 2009 - 04:39 PM
I have two immediate responses to this, given the context of of most newly commissioned works nowadays:
Feast of the Gods is the complete opposite of In The Upper Room. It's very formal and elegant and unmistakeably ballet.
I would love to have the opportunity to see this.
Posted 22 March 2009 - 06:55 PM
- the ballet began with music from the 1st movement, 1st suite; but I think this was followed by sections from the 2nd movement, 3rd suite.
- music from the 2nd movement, 1st suite was prominent in the 3rd "movement" of the ballet.
- the 4th "movement" of the ballet (a duet) used music from the 3rd movement, 3rd suite.
- the 3rd movement, 2nd suite provided all, or most, of the music for the finale.
Posted 23 March 2009 - 02:15 PM
(including a solo by principal dancer Sharon Wehner)
To give credit where credit is due, according to the program, corps member Caitlin Valentine danced the solo in some performances.
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In this economy everyone is scaling back...especially when it comes to their electricity bill.
There are a few simple things you can do starting today that will help your energy costs drop.
Whether it's adjusting your thermostat, unplugging your electronics, or simply turning off the lights.
"In the winter time keep the thermostat set at 68 degrees and in the summer time keep it 78, televisions, when there off they are really not off. These LCD's and plasmas they are using energy even when they are not plugged in. Turning off lights when you leave home, anything you can do to conserve," says Brad Kidro.
Conserving energy can help you keep your cost low.
At wiregrass electrics they have this special camera that can pick up leaks in your walls or ceiling.
"We have an infra red camera where we can show where there are some energy leaks," said Kidro.
Take a look at what happens when a home has poor insulation.
"It stays up, which is showing that air leaks through that fiberglass," said Jessie Ingrid.
According to Kimbro your energy bill will see peeks and valleys but you can always do more to keep your cost low.
Wiregrass electrics say it is key for home owners to have a seasonal inspection of their home and then make the proper adjustments to save on their bill.


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Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com ) now includes the print and online journal resources of the University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Health Sciences Library.
When you run a search, look for one of the following two links associated with each hit result:
- "Full-Text @CU Anschutz": This link will appear immediately after the article title when Google determines that the library provides full text of the article.
- "Options @CU Anschutz ": This link will appear among other links below the citation when Google determines that the library does not have full text access. Click this link to request an item via Interlibrary Loan or to look the item up in our IMPULSE library catalog.
Please note: for Google Scholar to correctly display Health Sciences Library holdings, you must either:
A) Be on the Health Sciences campus network OR
B) Use the Google Scholar preferences setting to tell Google your Health Sciences affiliation. Within the Scholar preferences settings, simply doing a search on "Colorado" under Library Links will produce a list of libraries from which Health Sciences Library can be selected*.
*In Google Scholar this setting is currently designated University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Health Sciences Library.


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Health & Pregnancy
Many Pregnant Women Fear Exercising
May 10, 2012 -- Are you pregnant and afraid to exercise?
Though exercise during pregnancy has proven benefits for healthy women, many still fear it, according to a new study.
"Despite what we have said over the last 10 years, pregnant women are still afraid exercise is going to hurt their child," says researcher Melissa J. Hague, MD, a clinical assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Kansas School of Medicine in Wichita.
In her study of 90 women, she found many regular exercisers stopped working out when they became pregnant. Some told her they did not think exercising, even walking, was safe during pregnancy.
"I was really surprised," she tells WebMD.
Hague presented her findings this week at the annual meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) in San Diego.
Exercise During Pregnancy: Expert Opinion
In 2002, ACOG issued an opinion about exercise during pregnancy. Recreational and competitive athletes without pregnancy complications can remain active with their doctor's OK, it says. They should modify their workouts as medically indicated.
Inactive women should consult their doctors before starting a program, it says.
Moderate exercise for 30 minutes or more most or all days of the week appears safe for pregnant women without complications, it says. Activities with a high risk of falling, contact sports, and scuba diving should not be done.
Exercise During Pregnancy: Study Details
Hague cares for pregnant women in her practice. She was curious as to why so many do not exercise.
She and her team did phone interviews with 90 women. They were 16 to 30 weeks pregnant.
Before becoming pregnant, almost half of the women said they exercised moderately at least 90 minutes a week.
After becoming pregnant, less than 27% did. "They said they were afraid they were going to hurt the baby," Hague says.
Safety concerns were more of an issue with those who weren't active, Hague found.
- About 62% of those who exercised during pregnancy thought working out longer than 30 minutes is safe.
- Only 18% of those who did not exercise thought so.


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"We chose this card in the moss green color. It is such a charming invite. We chose the card for it's lovely design and simple elegance. It inspired us to plan our cocktail party around the colors of the invitation, green and white. Lots of pine boughs and white candles. Will definitely order from Tiny Prints again. Superb quality!"
"This card is fun and sophisticated. I chose it for a Company Christmas Party and it has just the right amount of playfulness and sophistication. The print design on the back of the card really sets the whole thing and is the finishing touch. I recommend printing on the pearl paper."


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Bryant Terry to be featured on KBOO Food Show!
If you're near your radio or computer on Wednesday morning, make sure to tune in to KBOO at 11am for this month's episode of their Food Show, which will feature Bryant Terry. He'll be on the program to share his new cookbook, Vegan Soul Kitchen, […]Read More →
Steamrollers, dreamers, and elitists: Alice Waters on 60 Minutes
On Sunday evening, 60 Minutes featured a lengthy segment on Alice Waters and her role as major advocate for Slow Food. To be sure, it is a big step for the mainstream recognition of the food movement, but it hasn't come without a lot of […]Read More →
Conference weekend!
Portland rightly has a reputation across the country for it sustainable programs and civic engagement. With chef Cory Schreiber as our state-appointed farm-to-school coordinator, and with excellent organizations like Ecotrust Food & Farms working on The Farmer Chef Connection and their many farm-to-school programs, it's […]Read More →
"Reclaiming a Cuisine": Bryant Terry in the Portland Mercury
Patrick Alan Coleman, Food Editor for the Portland Mercury, had a chance this week to interview Bryant Terry about his work and upcoming Slow Food Portland event. At 35, Terry has fond memories of growing up in Memphis, Tennessee, with grandparents from rural Mississippi who […]Read More →


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Research Into Ghostly Particles Wins Nobel
French, U.S. Scientists Find Ways to Capture Ions, Photons
Serge Haroche of France and David J. Wineland of the U.S. shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for devising ingenious laboratory experiments to control ghostly quantum particles, an achievement that transformed an esoteric theory into a possible tool for practical use.
The ability to manipulate microscopic quantum particles—atoms, electrons and smaller elementary objects—lays the groundwork for extremely precise clocks, hard-to-crack cryptography systems and, most notably, quantum computers whose number-crunching prowess would potentially leave today's machines in the dust.
Working independently, Drs. Haroche and Wineland "were able to demonstrate amazing control of photons and atoms, and getting them to interact on demand," said Artur Ekert, a theoretical physicist at the University of Oxford and the Center for Quantum Technology in Singapore, who knows both winners of the Nobels announced Tuesday.
Dr. Haroche, born in 1944, is a professor at the Collège de France and École Normale Supérieure in Paris. Dr. Wineland, also born in 1944, is a physicist at the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado in Boulder.
Quantum particles are hard to isolate and control because they are elusive and bizarre. Their behavior is often ruled by statistical probabilities rather than simple cause-and-effect.
Such particles, separated by miles, can appear to influence each other's behavior without any direct contact. A quantum particle may also exist in several energy states simultaneously, a condition known as superposition, which is a bit like being in two places at the same time.
And what's maddening, at least for scientists, is that it is extremely hard to separate a quantum particle from its surrounding environment. As soon as the particle interacts with the outside world, it loses its quantum properties.
No wonder, then, that in this tenuous world of spooky behavior, isolating and manipulating quantum particles had long posed a significant challenge.
Dr. Haroche found a way to control photons—quantum particles of light—using mirrors. In his Paris lab, photons bounced back and forth between two supercooled, superconducting mirrors for a 10th of a second. "That's an insanely long time if you consider how fast light moves"—more than 186,000 miles per second—said Simon Benjamin, a quantum theorist at the University of Oxford.
Dr. Haroche then fired an atom at a bouncing photon. When the two particles interacted, it revealed the presence of the photon. With the help of some delicate tweaking, several elusive photons could be isolated and controlled.
Crucially, because the photons weren't absorbed by the atom, they weren't destroyed. And as long as they survived, they could be manipulated.
Dr. Wineland takes another approach. At his lab in Boulder, he traps ions—electrically charged atoms—by surrounding them with electric fields. The experiment is done in an extremely low-temperature vacuum. With the help of a laser, the ion is prodded into a superposition state—two or more energy states at one time—which can then be measured and manipulated.
Putting a quantum system into two or more states simultaneously is one of the crucial requirements for making a quantum computer.
Today's computers encode data using a binary system, ones and zeros, represented by an electrical charge that is either on or off. By contrast, a futuristic machine would tap into the ready store of quantum weirdness.
A single ion, for example, can exist in a low-energy state, or in a higher one, or in both simultaneously. A computer harnessing this phenomenon could therefore store multiple pieces of binary information on the same few ions.
"As you add more ions, the computation power goes up exponentially," said Dr. Benjamin.
Dr. Wineland's group already has demonstrated that, in a lab-made quantum computer that harnesses multiple ions simultaneously, it can do some basic number-crunching. But building a workable quantum computer that can sit on a desk remains a distant prospect.
In a statement, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which awarded the Nobel, said that "perhaps the quantum computer will change our everyday lives in this century in the same radical way as the classical computer did in the last century."
Write to Gautam Naik at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Low-Calorie Quinoa Recipes (Slide 3)
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Pear-Quinoa Salad
Quinoa is a quick-cooking whole grain with a slightly nutty flavor—a perfect partner for pears and…View slide
Toasted Quinoa Salad with S…
This scallop-studded quinoa salad gets an exciting texture from crunchy snow peas, red bell pepper a…View slide
Bean Burgers with Spicy Gua…
These bean burgers will even please carnivores. The cornmeal coating gives a pleasant crunch and smo…View slide
Quinoa with Latin Flavors
Cilantro, lime and scallions lend a bright finish to delicate quinoa. This versatile side pairs well…View slide
Quinoa Salad with Dried Apr…
This spicy salad with little jewels of dried apricot in the mix would be welcome at lunch or a simpl…View slide
Quinoa & Smoked Tofu Salad
We took the tangy fresh flavors of tabbouleh and paired them with smoky tofu and quinoa to create a …View slide
Vegetarian Quinoa & Squash …
An aromatic mixture of garlic, paprika, cumin, coriander, allspice and cayenne flavors this vegetari…View slide
Whole-Grain Sushi Rice
Although white sushi rice is traditional, this brown sushi rice base is blended with other grains an…View slide
Quinoa Lasagna
This healthy quinoa lasagna recipe has a layer of quinoa (rather than noodles) along with vegetables…View slide
Strawberry-Rhubarb Quinoa P…
Think of quinoa pudding as a delicious whole-grain cousin of tapioca pudding. This healthy quinoa pu…View slide
Almond Butter-Quinoa Blondies
People likely won't even notice that these delicately nutty, just a little chocolaty, blondies are…View slide
Quinoa Veggie Burger
This quinoa veggie burger recipe is a meat-lover's burger: toasted pecans, mushrooms, Cheddar chee…View slide
Snap Pea & Quinoa Salad
Snap peas and mushrooms are combined with the fresh flavor of lemon in this pretty, healthy quinoa s…View slide
Spiced Breakfast Quinoa
Quinoa is often turned into a creamy hot breakfast cereal in Bolivia, where much of the world's qu…View slide
Slow-Cooker Quinoa-Summer S…
As this layered slow-cooker squash casserole recipe cooks, the liquid from the tangy tomatillo salsa…View slide


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This is a beautiful set of Felt Flower Barrettes to match each of your daughter's outfits! Any flower fairy will be thrilled to have six pairs of flowers to put in their hair. Mothers and teachers are happy to have their hair out of their eyes! Flowers are made from wool felt, each is about 1 1/4" in diameter. They are sewn onto hair clips that are large enough to hold a teenager's hair. We recently saw a very creative flower fairy girl with many sets of these in each pig-tail - just for pretty! Made in Nepal. Fair Trade.
PLEASE NOTE: We have Earthtones (shown in the picture above) left in stock. Instead of the white barrette shown, there are turquoise flowers with pink centers.


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The 49ers Are a Chief Pipeline to Kansas City
The San Francisco 49ers seem committed to keeping Colin Kaepernick as their starting quarterback after published reports on Wednesday said backup Alex Smith will be dealt to the Kansas City Chiefs for a second-round pick. But if Kaepernick is feeling good about his long-term future in the Bay Area, he should pay attention to a growing trend.
If Smith wins the starting job in Kansas City, he'll join Steve DeBerg, Joe Montana, Steve Bono and Elvis Grbac as former 49ers starters who have resurfaced with the Chiefs. But as peculiar as the connection may seem, they'd actually become the 12th pairing of franchises to have shared at least five starting quarterbacks.
And that's only enough for second place.
Since 1950 there have been seven pairs of franchises that have shared as many as six starting quarterbacks. The list includes the Chicago Bears and Pittsburgh Steelers, the Minnesota Vikings and Washington Redskins, the Bears and San Diego Chargers as well as the Cleveland Browns and Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
In fact, the 49ers have shared six quarterbacks with three different teams: the Buccaneers, the Detroit Lions and the Philadelphia Eagles.
The quarterbacks the 49ers shared with the Buccaneers are particularly noteworthy as the group includes DeBerg, seven-time Pro Bowler Steve Young, ESPN commentator Trent Dilfer, South Carolina Gamecocks coach Steve Spurrier and Tim Rattay, who the 49ers selected after passing on Tom Brady with their first nine picks in the 2000 NFL Draft.
There is some good news for Smith. All four of the former 49ers quarterbacks led the Chiefs to the postseason and three of the four (Montana, Bono and Grbac) made it to the Pro Bowl while playing for Kansas City.
Unfortunately, the quartet didn't have much success after leaving the Chiefs. Montana retired after two seasons in Kansas City, Bono bounced to three teams in three seasons before his career ended and Grbac started 14 games for the Ravens in 2001, throwing 18 interceptions and just 15 touchdowns.
—Alex Raskin