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The Great Disruptor
Yesterday I participated in a conference titled "Erroneous Autonomy: The Catholic Case Against Libertarianism." The following is a lightly edited version of my remarks.
As the legal scholar Eduardo Peñalver has pointed out in a forthcoming Commonweal article, there are two kinds of argument for libertarianism. The first kind is mainly economic and utilitarian. It is the argument of those like Friedrich Hayek who believe that free markets produce the best social outcomes. Market signals, undistorted by meddling technocrats, tell the producers of goods and service what people need, or at least what they want. This kind of libertarian believes in the liberty of individuals primarily because he believes in the wisdom of crowds—not crowds of voters choosing representatives to enact laws for a commonwealth, but crowds of consumers accidentally effecting public benefits by pursuing their private interests. This is the kind of argument behind Adam Smith's famous metaphor of the "invisible hand." As Peñalver points out, such arguments rest "on empirical claims about how the world works" and so they are testable, at least in theory. But perhaps only in theory—since, while we may be able to measure the success of global capitalism in lifting people out of poverty, we cannot answer the question of which economic system best promotes the common good before we have a definition of the common good. And this the economists cannot give us without the help of political philosophy.
The other kind of libertarian argument is less concerned with outcomes. It is an argument about first principles and natural rights, and it is finally an argument about human nature. According to this kind of argument, what matters most is not the efficiency that free markets foster, but freedom itself. Government efforts to redistribute wealth or regulate economic activity are a violation of this fundamental freedom. They constitute a kind of tyranny—even, or especially, if the tyrant behind them is a majority of one's fellow citizens. Whereas the first kind of libertarian argument is mainly interested in the wisdom of markets as efficient and self-correcting social mechanisms, the second kind of libertarian argument is mainly interested in individual autonomy for its own sake. It is not an empirical theory that can be verified or falsified by social scientists; it is a political philosophy and usually, though not always, a moral philosophy. This is the kind of libertarianism that we associate with Ayn Rand, but probably its most sophisticated and persuasive expression is to be found in the work of the philosopher Robert Nozick, whose book Anarchy, State, and Utopia has become a touchstone for contemporary libertarian thought.
It is worth noting that Friedrich Hayek, Ayn Rand, and Robert Nozick would have been among the first to insist on the incompatibility of their ideas with Catholic social teaching. All three were atheists, and all three were as leery of ecclesiastical power as they were of state power. But it is not an accident that sophisticated Catholic champions of free-market ideology tend to rely less on the work of Rand or Nozick than on that of Hayek and the Chicago School economists. For Rand and Nozick make claims that are obviously at odds with the Gospel. This may be truer of Rand's vulgar Nietzscheanism than it is of Nozick's analytically fastidious case for self-ownership, but it is generally true of both of them. Both were suspicious of any claim about what an individual owed his or her community. The very idea of the common good, as anything other than the aggregate welfare of individuals, was in their judgment nothing more than a mystification. The idea of solidarity implied collectivism; and collectivism, they thought, always entails coercion. It is clear to most people, including most Catholics and most libertarians, that this way of thinking is not only alien to the Catholic moral tradition but fundamentally antithetical to it. Rand would have considered Paul Ryan's efforts to split the difference between her and Leo XIII ridiculous, if not intellectually fraudulent, though she may have tolerated it as a shrewd political tactic.
And so the Catholic defender of laissez-fair ideology is left with Panglossian arguments about invisible hands and rising tides lifting all boats. These are typically conjoined, especially by Catholic libertarians, to arguments about how markets depend for their proper functioning on personal virtue. In the wake of the 2008 financial meltdown, we were told by such people to blame not the financialization of the American economy nor the deregulation that made this possible, but greed—a vice that no regulator could ever hope to stamp out. And that, in a way, was the point: since regulators and lawmakers cannot stamp out the personal vices behind our economic woes, they shouldn't even try. The problem is cultural or spiritual, not political. And therefore so is the solution. Thus, in the face of staggering wealth and income inequality, which the financial crisis has only exacerbated, we've been told to rediscover the value of thrift and industry and, where that fails, to put our faith in the charity of the One Percent. To be fair, the One Percent—and sometimes also the Ten Percent—have also been encouraged to turn their attention away from conspicuous consumption and toward philanthropy. But, as Pope Francis reminded us in his apostolic exhortation, Evangelii Gaudium, private acts of personal virtue are not a substitute for distributive justice:
The word "solidarity" is a little worn and at times poorly understood, but it refers to something more than a few sporadic acts of generosity. It presumes the creation of a new mindset which thinks in terms of community and the priority of the life of all over the appropriation of goods by a few. (188)
Francis echoes Pope Benedict's insistence that the solution to economic injustice necessarily involves the state, even if non-state actors including the Church itself can help to relieve the suffering caused by injustice:
It is the responsibility of the State to safeguard and promote the common good of society. Based on the principles of subsidiarity and solidarity, and fully committed to political dialogue and consensus building, it plays a fundamental role, one which cannot be delegated, in working for the integral development of all. (240, italics mine)
Libertarians insist that the state cannot promise distributive justice without violating the liberty of the individual citizens whose private property it expropriates. Human beings, they say, will never feel truly free in such a state, even if it succeeds in making them more secure. But if the people of a democratic political community cherish equality as an important social value—though not, of course, the only social value—then policies that produce greater equality will be felt by them not as a burden imposed by an alien power but as an extension of their own freedom. The citizens of such a state would presumably say what Barney Frank famously said: "Government is simply the name we give to the things we choose to do together." These are words that can be endorsed by all small-d democrats—that is, by people who believe in the possibilities of self-government. They can also be endorsed by Catholics, who believe that the things we do together as communities, including politics, can be every bit as important, and just as expressive of moral virtue, as the things each of us does on his or her own.
* * *
Most Catholic defenders of laissez-fair ideology describe themselves as conservative. But, left to its own relentless logic, the free market is not a force of conservation; it is, as its less pious and more clear-eyed admirers freely acknowledge, the great disruptor, its gales of creative destruction sweeping away traditions, institutions, and communities that stand in its way. Under capitalism, Marx wrote, "all that is solid melts into air." He was right about that much at least. G. A. Cohen made this point especially well in his description of the modern Tory Party:
When the rich morphed, fully, into capitalists, the British Conservative Party became the anti-conservative market party. As a matter of history, the bottom line of Conservatism with a capital "C" turned out to be not conservatism with a small "c" but preservation of wealth and inequality. With fierce international competition, conserving old ways is too costly to the maintenance of wealth. And with historical working class gains in place, small-c conservatism becomes a buffer against inequality. For the sake of protecting and extending the powers of wealth, big-C Conservatives regularly sacrifice the small c- conservatism that many of them genuinely cherish. They blather on about warm beer and old maids cycling to church and then they hand Wal-Mart the keys to the kingdom. They are thereby in tune with the propensity of capitalism, which is to maximize a certain kind of value, in sovereign disregard of the value of any things.
By "things" Cohen meant not value in the abstract, but particular bearers of value, whether these are buildings, businesses, or customs. It isn't just inefficient modes of production that unrestrained market forces threaten, but also ways of life and habits of mind and heart. Some of these habits we consider virtues, including loyalty—or to use a more theological word, fidelity. If conservative Catholic libertarians are interested in fortifying the institution of marriage, they might give some serious thought to how a culture increasingly shaped by commercial imperatives undermines our ability to make and keep solemn vows. Consumerism, a natural by-product of the Sovereign Market, encourages us to think of all our choices as provisional calculations. Gradually, and mostly unconsciously, we learn to regard other people the way a shopper regards merchandise. The Catholic moralist will of course say that a well-formed conscience will resist this temptation, but the moralist can hardly deny that the culture characteristic of late capitalism—a culture libertarians promote, intentionally or unintentionally—makes this temptation harder to resist, and harder even to recognize. It isn't just that commerce coarsens our manners, which is the old, aristocratic criticism. It's that the creeping commodification of everything we value leads us to ask, not only about things but finally about people too, "Can I do better? Can I afford better, given what I have to offer." That is the kind of question that a libertarian society would have us asking and answering about every part of our lives. Catholic libertarians may use the language of natural law, especially as it applies to a narrow range of questions concerning bioethics and sexual morality, but their vision of the good society is functionally utilitarian. A conscience formed by such a society will be inclined to treat personal commitments, and finally human persons themselves, as disposable. This seems to be what Pope Francis had in mind the following passage of Evangelii Gaudium:
The individualism of our postmodern and globalized era favors a lifestyle which weakens the development and stability of personal relationships and distorts family bonds. Pastoral activity needs to bring out more clearly the fact that our relationship with the Father demands and encourages a communion which heals, promotes and reinforces interpersonal bonds.
I doubt anyone at, say, the Acton Institute would object to this observation. But the Catholic libertarian would surely want to distinguish between individualism and libertarianism, which is fair enough. They are, at least theoretically, not the same thing. But for us as Catholics and as citizens of a democracy, the important question is not whether they're the same thing but whether they're separable from each other in practice. The historical evidence suggests that even if they are separable, they rarely arrive separately. Show me a country that has surrendered its politics to the dictates of the market, and I will show you a culture where personal attachments of every kind are less secure than they once were and where the poor and every other vulnerable population are at most an afterthought.
About the Author
Matthew Boudway is an associate editor of Commonweal.
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Fine address, Matthew.
How did Cardinal Maradiaga's speech go over with that audience? By the way, what should he be called -- C. Maradiaga, C. Rodrigues, or both?
(Are you sure Hayek was an atheist?)
The late Mr. Cohen claimed that Conservatives want to "hand Wal-Mart the keys to the kingdom." He would be happy to learn that laissez faire ideology is far from prevalent in New York City. Not only will there not be a great disruption at the hands of Wal-Mart stores but that company's charitable giving will be firmly discouraged. "More than half the members of the City Council have fired off a letter to Walmart demanding that it stop making millions in charitable contributions to local groups here."
I hope that those who think the ideas of Nozick and Rand are dangerous might also recognize that anti-market ideologies can be just as harmful, and even more foolish. We can expect not disruption but stagnation, vacant lots and bans on charity, if our "public spirited" guardians have their way.
Patrick ... beware. If one chooses to take pigs' money, don't be surprised if you end up smelling like you-know-what:
Just because Holy Mother Church has failed to realize this over the years doesn't mean the New Yorkers have to repeat the same wrongful moves.
For years, libertarians have been saying that crony capitalism, monetary expansion by the Fed and regulatory chaos would ultimately lead to a financial collapse.
Yet, when the financial collapse finally comes, Boudway and his ilk blame it on non-existent laissez-faire capitalism, and make up some nonsense about libertarians saying it was all unavoidable because of human greed. Can you say "straw man?" No libertarian of any repute makes this absurd argument.
And let's not forget the role played by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac — both government sponsored entities that wouldn't even exist in a true free market.
Furthermore, where is the libertarian who says that we need to "put our faith in the charity of the one percent"? This is a completely dishonest rendering of the libertarian position on charity. And it fails to take into account the libertarian belief that the poor would be better off under a true free market (argue if you want, but at least state the libertarian position accurately).
But Boudway reveals that he has no intention of being fair or accurate when he says that all Catholic libertarians have in their arsenal is "Panglossian arguments about invisible hands and rising tides lifting all boats."
Really Matt? How childish can you be? That doesn't even come close to summing up the position of libertarians, Catholic or otherwise. And you know it. (BTW, mocking an idea doesn't constitute a refutation of it.)
You have a moral obligation to accurately state your opponents' actual views before you attack them. Is that really too much to ask? Considering the spate of articles like this and Cardinal Maradiaga's similarly ill-informed remarks at the "Erroneous Autonomy" conference, I'm beginning to think it is.
Looks like this post set off someone's Google alert. Welcome, Mr. Peterson.
It is one thing to misrepresent your position, another for me to present your position less favorably than you would. I'm not surprised or alarmed that you find my description of your world view less flattering than you would like it to be. My remarks at the CUA conference were not intended (or expected) to offer a neutral overview of libertarian ideology—though, if it's an overview you want, I recommend this one by Stephen Schneck, which was presented earlier at the conference.
Libertarians love to contrast "crony capitalism" with the unadulterated (and purely theoretical) kind of capitalism they would like to see. Of course, no one is going to defend crony capitalism, or rent-seeking, or any other kind of corruption. But as long as there are regulations, people will find ways to game them. The libertarians says this is a good reason to get rid of all the regulations, or as many as possible—so that there's less to game. Social democrats like me say we should improve the rules wherever necessary, taking account of perverse incentives and other unintended consequences. What we should never do, though, is assume that an industry will regulate itself adequately. This is the assumption that precipitated the financial crisis of 2008. Bank lobbyists insisted that banks understood the subprime-mortgage market, credit-default swaps, and other innovations of financial engineering better than regulators ever could, and our lawmakers foolishy believed them.
Mr. Peterson points out that there were libertarians who predicted the financial crisis. There were also liberals and socialists who predicted the financial crisis, and probably a few astrologers. Since they all made the same vague prediction, it might be more useful to compare their explanations of how and why the crisis happened. I don't have the time to do that here, but let me make two quick points.
First, the same folks who, like Mr. Peterson, blame the financial crisis partly on the Fed's "monetary expansion," have been predicting ever since the crash that the Fed's policies would soon lead to runaway inflation. They have been predicting this for many years now, but the inflation never comes. So they revise their definition of "soon" and double down. Just you wait, they say—a little longer. But most people outside their tight ranks have stopped paying attention to them. As for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, we've been over this at dotCommonweal many times. There's no denying the involvement of Fannie and Freddie in a mortgage crisis that touched almost every big lender, but the idea that Fannie and Freddie caused the crisis by implementing a policy that favored low-income borrowers has been thoroughly discredited. Libertarians have an a priori commitment to the idea that every serious economic problem is caused by state intervention, and so they landed with both feet on Fannie and Freddie—it had to be them. After all, the private lenders weren't following Barney Frank's orders; they were just responding to the market, which never errs.
Mr. Peterson approvingly mentions the libertarian belief that the poor would be better off under a "true free market," but then complains a couple of sentences later about my reference to the invisibe hand and rising tides lifting all boats. But of course these clichés are just figurative ways of making the same point Mr Peterson and other libertarians want to make, which is that the market, left to it's own devices, does a better job of improving everyone's standard of living than a government ever could. This point is central to libertarian ideology. The stock metaphors may not be the best way of conveying it, but there's a reason we hear them so often from politicians who celebrate the free market and demand "limited government," which always means minimal government. These metaphors have a certain intuitive appeal. They suggest that distributive justice is what happens naturally when officious politicians just get out of the way. What makes the rich richer will automatically make the poor less poor. I called that kind of just-so thinking Panglossian, but at least Pangloss was pretending to describe the world we all know, which makes it easy to see the absurdity of his description. Libertarians celebrate a world that is always just over the horizon—the best of all possible worlds that will magically take shape once we get rid of all trade restrictions and the public provision of health care, education, old-age pensions, food stamps, etc.
Finally, I am a little confused about what exactly Mr. Peterson is accusing me of—ignorance or disingenuousness. He says of my account of Catholic libertarianism that it "doesn't even come close to summing up the position of libertarians, Catholic or otherwise. And you know it." (How does he know that I know it? Have we met, Mr. Peterson? Or should I call you Brad?") But then he writes that Cardinal Maradiaga's remarks were "similarly ill-informed." So I know better, but, also, the cardinal and I know nothing. Is it too much to ask for a coherent complaint from Mr. Peterson. I'm beginning to think it is.
Matthew, thank you for your response. You make some good points and get in some great zingers. I appreciate your willingness to engage me. I have just a few added thoughts and an apology:
My complaint isn't that your presentation of the libertarian worldview is "less flattering than [I] would like." It's that you have incorrectly presented the libertarian worldview.
Your original article implies that libertarians thought everything was just hunky dory with our supposedly unregulated financial markets before the financial crisis and that we blame the crisis on unavoidable human greed.
In reality, libertarians have long been critical of how the financial markets are regulated and blame a confluence of several factors for the financial crisis, including credit expansion by the Fed.
As for Fannie and Freddie, I didn't say they were solely to blame for the crisis. I mentioned them as an example of government intervention in the financial markets and to counter the often-repeated leftist myth that we live in a laissez faire society with no regulation and minimal government.
When it comes to the invisible hand and rising tides, you neglected to address my primary objection to your point. You contended that libertarians say we need to "put our faith in the charity of the one percent." I know of no libertarian who says this.
Instead, as I pointed out, we believe the free market — when allowed to operate — is the best friend the poor ever had. It has done far more to lift up the poor than any amount of charity, whether private or public. (Just so we're clear, I do believe private charity has an important role to play.)
My objection to your "rising tide" comment is the implication that we libertarians are all starry-eyed optimists who believe economic growth is a panacea that solves everything, and that we have nothing else to say on the matter.
And just so we're clear, libertarians also acknowledge that some people do get left behind even in a booming economy. Some by the process of creative destruction, some due to the circumstances of their lives, some for reasons I know nothing about.
As for ignorance vs. disingenuousness, I hereby retract my "And you know it" comment, and apologize for saying it. However, this doesn't mean I consider you "ignorant" (your word). Just ill-informed about what libertarians truly believe.
Matthew, I've been catching up on my Commonweal reading, read with interest the excerpt "Warm Beer an Old Maids" in the July 11 print edition and was guided to the full talk. At one time I thought it might be possible to be both a Catholic and a Libertarian. For me, today, it is not, for much the same reasons as you bring forth. On the moral front, libertarianism's embrace of a radical individualism includes acceptance, if not promotion, of "abortion on demand" and "suicide," among other moral choices condemned by the the Church. (In fact, modern Progressive Democrats embrace the same sort of individualism regarding such moral choices. For consistency, and intellectual honesty, I wish the editors of Commonweal would take them to task as well.)
Yes, a total laissez-faire approach to economic activity on the part of libertarians seems almost impossible, as you point out, to reconcile with many of the economic justice positions of the Church. One would have to be a real intellectual contortionist to be both a committed Catholic and a committed libertarian. One point not explcitly addressed in your talk is the fact that libertarianism includes its own contradiction, in that a complete adoption of the economic part of their philosophy on the part of society would inevitably, and probably in short order, make libertarianism disappear and be replaced by an oligarchic dictatorship, or at least control, of society, stifling individual initiative and advancement. The economically nimble, the hard-working and, yes, lucky individuals who come out on top first in the complete laissez-faire economy will gain huge economic rewards. Even if we consider these rewards justified, they will create an economic, and thereby usually social, elite, who will dominate society. We see the beginnings of that today in America. They will control access to the best of education for themselves and their offspirng, control most of the real property, control capital and largely how it is distributed, control, perhaps indirectly, but control nonetheless political access and media access. So, then, how do the vast majority of those who are not part of the elite, and their offspring, take advantage of laissez-faire economics when now so much is stacked against them. And how will society remain dynamic and creative when a small elite will inevitably control so much of the economic wealth and social capital of the nation? The triumph of libertarianism will destroy libertarianism and make it impossible to implement for those who are not among the first winners of the economic competitions.


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LORELL Ceramic Heater with Built-in Motion Sensor & Digital Display for $19.99 + shipping
The Lorell Ceramic Heater with its built-in Motion Sensor and Digital Display is perfect for cold winter days at home or in the office. With its two heat settings of 900w and 1500w output, you can control the room temperature at your desired comfort level from 41 to 95 degrees Fahrenheit.
The handy built-in motion sensor efficiently operates for 12 hours at a time and features a thermal built-in cut-off for safety. You can easily adjust the temperature level with the electronic control with digital display on a simple, classic design that will fit perfectly in any room of your home.
7 Comments add a comment
Shipping is $4.99 for one, $9.78 for two.
Is it just me or does this heater look like a girl's waist/hips. Kind of hot actually.
I don't get why it has a motion sensor--is it to turn the heater on when someone walks into the room, or to turn it off if someone comes to close??
As I'm sitting here at work, freezing, just plugging my noisy little heater in, I'm contemplating, but can't find a review for the life of me. It's definitely loads cheaper than elsewhere...
@ewwallace1: " and its built-in motion sensor means it automatically stops heating when you leave the room for more than ten minutes to save on energy costs "
My pets all have built-in fur coats so I don't need a motion detector to heat them up.
@flamingonut: Doh! I didn't read the description on the sale page 'cause I thought it was the same as the one on this Deals.Woot listing, which is rather vague: "The handy built-in motion sensor efficiently operates for 12 hours at a time..."

subset: commoncrawl


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I have installed Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS, i then installed virtual box. and windows xp in as a virtual machine. i also installed the additional guest add ons, and other extensions, which allows my virtual machine to use shared folders and usb devices.
I then downloaded Ubuntu 12.10. I installed it on the virtual box, but on the installation process, Ubuntu 12.10 says that it has detected my Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS and give me the option of erasing my 12.04.1 LTS and replacing it with the 12.10?
my question is :is virtual box serious?
what would happen if i choose that option saying "replace 12.04.1 with 12.10".. its just a virtual machine right?


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AGLOGO is a service that pay's you to surf the web... they say they are paying BIG money.... But what money are we talking about? some say $230 a month. BUT mashable.com says they pay around $500 - $700....
Can someone help me?!
Can someone help me?!
Last edited by shabbir; 1May2007 at 20:35.. Reason: Confine links to signatures only


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AMANDA COMPTON, Capital City Weekly/AP
AMANDA COMPTON, Capital City Weekly/AP
JUNEAU, Alaska (AP) � Writing a thesis, completing a crossword puzzle, configuring the ultimate setup for a home recycling center � the lure and excitement of getting it done keeps challenges we choose to attempt to conquer a revolving door. For some, adding a physical component to our endeavors is both addicting and cathartic.
Juneau resident Charlee Gribbon chooses to appease her thirst for physical activity and challenges through climbing. Specifically, Gribbon pursues the subgenre of bouldering, a type of climbing that doesn�t require much gear beyond shoes and crash pads.
�Part of the allure, and what pleases and keeps people so interested in bouldering is the aspect of figuring out a problem,� Gribbon said.
The �problem� that Gribbon refers to is the series of moves required to finish a specific route.
The climbing scene around Juneau is still taking off. New boulders and rock faces adequate for climbing are in a constant state of discovery. With winter preventing outdoor climbing, and the interest of having her passion accessible, Gribbon�s solution was to build a climbing wall in her house.
Gribbon and her partner, also an avid climber, purchased a home in the Mendenhall Valley a few years ago. Their main specification in their house hunting process was a two-car garage.
�Basically, that�s all we had in mind,� Gribbon said. The couple found a house, which Gribbon describes as �a penthouse apartment above a garage. It�s perfect.� They signed the paperwork on Earth Day 2010.
Since then, they have developed a majority of the walls and part of the ceiling of their garage into a haven for indoor bouldering. And they can still pull in a car.
Gribbon and her partner have experience building indoor walls. They started collecting holds in 2004, when they built their first wall in a garage in Anchorage. When they later moved to Juneau, they built one in their first rental. When they were working on the garage of their current house, they realized how much they had lucked out. The house had been built by a contractor, and their garage was sturdier than average.
�These walls are sheetrock, then plywood, then metal studs, then plywood and then sheet rock, wrapped in insulation,� Gribbon said. �There were no studs to find, but you could drill anywhere.�
Additionally, the ceiling was constructed with I-beams; something Gribbon said usually is used only in industrial buildings.
�It made it harder to find where (we) could drill but gives it structural integrity,� she said.
There�s also no middle beam or supporting wall in their garage, opening up the space they had to work with.
Their first autumn in the new house, they began building a 12-by-12-foot wall with a 45- to 50-degree overhang that runs from floor to ceiling, using sections of 8-by-4-foot plywood. The next year, they built a wall on the opposing side of the garage at a 15-degree angle. They now also have a vertical climbing wall against the back of the garage plus a ceiling wall.
Along the way, they began constructing carefully planned routes. Gribbon explained that one of the fun parts of constructing a home gym is the selection of routes. It�s like a blank canvas.
�Is like a brain tease,� Gribbon said. �It�s like paint for an artist. You need all these different features and textures and different kinds of holds.�
Gribbon sat on her garage floor, entirely covered with crash pads, pointing out different routes.
�As a route setter, you try and force a move that you can only get to by holding a certain type of body position,� she said. �As someone who�s put up the routes and liked them, it�s kind of like art. How would someone else interpret my route?�
One of the enticing challenges she finds comes from watching others climb.
�You see a move somebody does, and you want to create it in your gym. You can learn a lot by watching other people do things,� Gribbon said. �You can mimic people move.�
There is a level of dedication required to simply be strong enough to continue to grow as a climber.
�It�s hard; it takes a long time to develop the endurance and the technique to make moves efficient,� Gribbon said. �Some people have natural ability where they get that positive feedback; others, it takes more work.�
Having an indoor bouldering gym is a luxury that Gribbon and her partner recognize, and one they�d like to extend.
�Getting people over here was always our goal,� she said. �It�s taken awhile to get good routes in the walls and have enough of a finished product to have enough routes to keep people interested.�
The couple also hasn�t lost sight about why they spend so much time inside a garage.
�It�s never the highlight of climbing, it�s just to get a workout in,� Gribbon said, in order to keep strong for outdoor climbing. �You definitely get a workout. You�re not standing around waiting for someone else to climb.�
AMANDA COMPTON, Capital City Weekly/Associated Pre
AMANDA COMPTON, Capital City Weekly/Associated Pre


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expert advice MORE
Teaching Handwriting
Q: I discovered that I have several options of handwriting styles to teach. How do I choose? Does each style have its own merit, or is it just a matter of personal taste?
My son's fine-motor coordination is not as well-developed yet as many of his peers. Will he have difficulty learning something new? I have considered italic handwriting because there isn't much of a transition from manuscript to cursive, but where his textbooks show examples of handwriting, it is traditional style. Any suggestions?
A: Children usually learn to print first, then move on to cursive around third or fourth grade. Most homeschooled children I know, my own included, followed this procedure, with some age variance for abilities and learning styles. I have read about italic handwriting being a good compromise. The best part about homeschooling is that you can try whatever method you wish. Stick with it if it works for you, and find another if it doesn't. You have the final say, and your son will benefit from this freedom.
I also feel that five is very young for your son to practice writing skills. My daughters worked on the alphabet -- memorization, letter recognition, and later sounds and combinations, but neither were ready to practice handwriting at five. In fact, my eight-year-old has just now developed the dexterity and desire to write clearly and legibly. Don't compare your son to what other kids are able to do; some kids are verbally advanced, others are more physically competent. This usually has nothing to do with intelligence, but rather different levels of maturity (within a normal range, of course). By six he will experience a growth spurt. You can struggle and spend hours each week teaching him how to write his letters now, or wait a year or so and he'll grasp it in a few short weeks. Focus your energy and attention reading interesting, colorful books to your son every day, and help him develop a love for books and the written word. Then, at seven or eight, when he is more mature, his writing will take off so fast you won't believe it!
More on: Expert Advice
Isabel Shaw is a freelance writer and homeschooling mom of 15 years. She and her husband Ray homeschool their two daughters, Jessica and Amanda. Besides being a contributor to FamilyEducation.com, Shaw has written for Home Education Magazine, The Link, Homeschooling Horizons Magazine, The Homeschool Gazette, and other publications.


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Alderman Hadley new liaison to Board of Education
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14 More of the Most Unintentionally Gay Rap Lyrics Ever
As we chronicled in our previous installment, context can be everything when talking about song lyrics. It's easy to pull one line from a homophobic tough-guy gangsta rapper that, on its own, makes him sound ravenously gay.
So let's do that now.
#14. Canibus - "Second Round K.O."
The Lyric:
"You might got more cash than me, but you ain't got the skills to eat a nigga's ass like me."
What He's Probably Saying:
"Despite what your extravagant wealth may imply, I am, in fact, the more superior rapper and can destroy the ego of any opponent."
What We Like To Think He's Saying:
"You might be rich, but you will never toss a salad the way I do."
#13. Ice-T - "99 Problems"
The Lyric:
"I got a bitch who's a man"
What He's Probably Saying:
"That dude is a bitch!"
What We Like To Think He's Saying:
"That dude is my transvestite girlfriend!"
#12. Mac Dre - "Back N Da Hood"
The Lyric:
"I need some cock hella bad, I need to be free. Steady dreaming about wrecking guts and cock. Laying on my bunk busting nuts in socks."
What He's Probably Saying:
"You know what sucks? Being in jail. I need to get out of here. Seriously, I need some pussy. I dream about it every night. Whoa, don't put that sock on!"
What We Like To Think He's Saying:
"Jail is lonely as shit. I just sit around beating off and wishing I was free. Maybe I'll feel better if I get some dick."
#11. Sheek Louch - "Good Love"
The Lyric:
"Now I'm in the club, no V.I.P.
I'm down low where every last hoodlum be
I feel baby boy tryin to ice grill me
Walk up to him, you know nice and polite
Let him now it's real, lift the shirt up light
I'ma let it off cause I ain't tryin to fight"
What He's Probably Saying:
"So I'm in the club, right? And I mean in the club, not up in V.I.P. or some weak stuff like that. Anyway, I'm walking around and I see this dude eying me. So I walk over to him, and I'm all, 'Hello sir, I'm not here for fisticuffs, but I will shoot you. With my gun.'"
What We Like To Think He's Saying:
"So I'm in the club. I'm on the down low... I think you know what I mean. Anyway, I see this guy checking me out. So I walk over to him, but I'm kind of shy around dudes. I didn't really know what to say so I just sorted lifted my shirt up and showed him my abs. He seemed offended so I'm like, 'Relax, I don't want to fight, I'm just hoping to let one off. On your chest or face, if possible.'"
#10. N.E.R.D. - "Rockstar"
The Lyric:
"Guess you ain't heard that we swallow guys."
What He's Probably Saying:
"You may not know this, but we're very monster-like in the way we approach confrontation."
What We Like To Think He's Saying:
"In case you haven't heard, we swallow, guys."
#9. N.E.R.D. - "Lap Dance"
The Lyric:
"I dare a motherfucker to come in my face."
What He's Probably Saying:
"Seriously, I wish a motherfucker would step in my face. They'll get knocked the fuck out."
What We Like To Think He's Saying:
"Go ahead, blow that hot load in my face. I dare you!"
#8. Ghostface Killah featuring Jadakiss - "Run"
The Lyric:
Jadakiss: I might gotta take my shirt off
Ghostface: Yeah, kid
Jadakiss: I like that one
Ghostface: Uh-huh, go in, go in
What They're Probably Saying:
Jadakiss: I'm very excited right now. So much so that I may even take my shirt off.
What We Like To Think They're Saying:
Jadakiss: I'm getting really hot right now. I should probably take my shirt off.


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New Book: Crochet Saved My Life
Creating things with yarn is a great way to express your creativity, and it's also good for your mental and physical wellbeing. A crochet blogger and freelance writer, Kathryn Vercillo is passionate about spreading that message with her new book, Crochet Saved My Life.
After suffering for years with depression, she found that crochet played a crucial role in helping her work through the healing process. As she starting sharing her story with the crafting community, she discovered that many others have also found crochet to be an important and valuable part of life when dealing with mental and physical illnesses. Hearing about their experiences inspired her, and she went on to interview women from all walks of life. Combining their stories with her own biography and research, Kathryn's book provides an amazing look at the ways crochet can help heal.
Kathryn is already working on two more crochet-related books, so expect more inspiring work from her in the future!
Pat T. #
When we put our dog of 15 years down, I just got into a slump, was home with her for 1 year and she was by my side constantly…I got back into crocheting…made up 30 hats with scarfs to match to donate to a homeless shelter. Will be doing that again this year…haven't stopped crocheting either…September 28, 2012
Janet J #
Good thoughts always come to me when I crochet,,, I bought a book on crochet once and in the preface was a quote by some dark magician. "Crochet has kept many a woman from the Streets and the River" and I do believe!October 23, 2012


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This question already has an answer here:
I am using Ubuntu 12.04 on my MacBook Air (13" mid 2011) and it works lovely! Are there any news or possibilites to use multi-touch gestures?
But to now I am using the system out of the box. One and two finger gestures are working.


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STEUBENVILLE -An area couple has offered $10,000 for a matching fund for the United Way of Jefferson County.
"This is the third year the couple has offered a matching fund. Two years ago they offered $5,000. Last year they increased their offer to $6,000 and for this year's campaign, the couple, who wish to remain anonymous, increased their offer to $10,000," explained Ame Taggart, interim director of the United Way.
"The fund will be used to match any new contribution for this year's campaign or any contribution by a donor in excess of the previous year's donation. We will hopefully see $10,000 in contributions increased to $20,000 through this matching program," noted Taggart.
Article Photos
A MATCHING OFFER — An anonymous couple will match up to $10,000 in new or increased contributions to the United Way of Jefferson County's current campaign. Looking over the latest donation figures in the United Way office are Darlene Colburn, the cabinet campaign chair for individual gifts, left, and Ame Taggart, interim director of the United Way. - Dave Gossett
Darlene Colburn, the United Way's cabinet campaign chair for individual gifts, is the contact person for the anonymous couple.
"The husband and wife have felt blessed in their lives and want to give back through the United Way. This is an excellent way to support the United Way. I'm very glad the couple chose our United Way to support through their generosity. We hope more individuals decide to contribute directly to our United Way campaign or to contribute to a matching fund like this one," said Colburn.
The goal for the 2013 campaign is $440,000, and Taggart said the campaign is now at the 30 percent mark.
"We are all working hard to meet this year's goal and we are encouraged by this anonymous matching fund. It shows people in our community care about the United Way and are willing to support our agencies," said Taggart.
"Several local businesses also offer a matching program for every dollar pledged to the United Way by their employees. And, several businesses offer a 50 percent match to their employees' donations," explained Taggart.
Ross Gallabrese, president of the United Way's board of directors, hailed the anonymous matching fund as "special for our 17 United Way member agencies."
"Just imagine a $25 increase from a donation from last year, or a new donation of $25 will become a $50 donation. And. a new $100 donation will become a $200 donation. That will have a significant and positive impact on our member agencies as they work to help those in need," cited Gallabrese.
Taggart said anyone interested in making a new or increased contribution to the campaign can call the United Way office at (740) 284-9000.


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BELTON (November 3, 2012)—Two men and two women were in the Bell County Jail Friday, charged in connection with the murder of a man whose body was found on Oct. 12 stuffed in a bag off a rural road just south of the Stillhouse Hollow Dam.
A Bell County Sheriff's Office news release said Anthony Jamale McKoy, 24, was being held in the Bell County Jail on a murder warrant and on a blue warrant without bond.
Toriano Thomas, 29, and Katrina S. Jackson, 21, were ordered held in lieu of $60,000 bond each, charged with tampering with physical evidence with intent to impair investigation.
Jessabel S. Lucas, 30, was ordered held in lieu of bonds totaling $111,500 on charges of tampering with physical evidence with intent to impair investigation, possession of a dangerous drug, failure to identify as a fugitive and giving false identity, as well as being held without bond on a motion to revoke probation.
Lucas shows an address on Fort Hood, McKoy, Thomas and Jackson all show Killeen addresses.
The four are charged in connection with the death of Llael Garcia-Rodriguez, 31, of San Antonio, whose body was found by a passing motorist on Oct. 12, a short distance south of the Stillhouse Hollow Dam, stuffed inside a large bag.
Investigators used fingerprints to identify Garcia-Rodriguez, who had been reported missing in San Antonio and who police believed was in the Killeen area.
An autopsy showed he died of stab wounds to the chest and that his face had been beaten severely, the sheriff's office said.
Investigation led officers to learn that the murder actually happened within the city limits of Killeen and the body was taken to the dam for disposal.
"To me there's not a normal murder," James Lewing of the Bell County Sheriff's Office said.
"Every murder has its own calling card. We just want to figure out why this person was dumped alongside the road like a piece of trash."
Garcia-Rodriguez was a former soldier and Bell County authorities said they don't know of any criminal record.
When asked if his death was gang related, they refused to speculate.
"We're not ruling anything out, it might be gang related it might not be," Lewing said.


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Use the search bar to find designs for any topic by entering a keyword. Or just search the "design categories" for suitable topics.
Choose a design and confirm it with "Add design". It will show on your T-shirt immediately. You can change the size or position the way you like it now. To the right of the T-shirt designer, you can select colour and print method.
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Personalise your T-shirt or any other product with personalised text. In the T-Shirt Designer, click on the button Add text and then enter your text.
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still to fill


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I am calculating some residue calculus stuff, where I need to know if the prescribed poles are inside the curve given above, namely $2\sin(2\theta)$ for $0\leq \theta<2\pi$. I actually need to know if these are $( e^{(\pi i)/4}, e^{(3\pi i)/4},e^{(5\pi i)/4},e^{(7\pi i)/4})$inside the curve or not?
I am actually very bad at graphing, any help will be much appreciated.


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Nixon: the many what-ifs
A century ago today, Richard Nixon was born in a Southern California agricultural subdivision dubbed Yorba Linda, in a 900-square-foot mail-order house assembled by his father.
The centennial of America's 37th president won't be met with much fanfare. Although the Nixon Library has other centennial-related events planned for 2013, there's little of the hoopla that accompanied the 100th birthday of California's other president, Ronald Reagan, two years ago.
Read more of this story and more!
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We are such a negative society.
I get beat up by people because I tend to spend too much time on the negative in this column.
I try not to do that.
I just try to tell the truth.
I have told Randy Sells, pastor at Colonial Baptist Church, that when I have an idea in my small brain for a column idea, more times than not the idea gets wrapped in a tidy bow either during his Sunday school lesson or his sermon.
It happened again Sunday.
A few months ago I was in a local sandwich shop waiting my turn and listened to a man say please and thank you and yes ma'am and no ma'am.
A lady in line told the man that he was probably the most polite person she had seen.
He thanked her and said, "If I don't do it, how can I expect my children to do it?"
So, what do our children learn from us?
"Let no man despise thy youth; but be thou an example of the believers, in word, in conversation, in charity, in spirit, in faith, in purity." - 1 Timothy 4:12
Our kids learn from us - all the good and all the bad.
We don't spend enough time being thankful for what we have and what we are able to do.
We spend too much time complaining about what we don't have and what we can't do.
The more thankful we are, the less time we have to complain.
We are our worst enemies.
It's not Satan.
It's not our parents.
It's not our friends.
It's us.
Look in the mirror.
"Whosoever therefore shall humble himself as this little child, the same is greatest in the kingdom of heaven." - Matthew 18:4
Parents complain about coaches.
Well, what's the alternative?
Kids complain about doing homework.
If you spent less time complaining about it, you would finish it sooner.
Parents complain about playing time instead of looking at their kid and simply say, "You should have spent more time getting better in the summer."
Kids would rather miss practice and be shocked when there are consequences for their actions.
Parents find reasons not to go to work.
Kids find reasons not to go to school.
We parents then wonder where our kids get that type of attitude.
My family and I will have been in the area for 10 years come March. I believe in that time I missed maybe two days of work and that includes probably more six-day work weeks than five-day work weeks.
I do not complain about that because I appreciate that God has put me in a position to write this column and for you to read it.
This is not always easy and it is not always fun.
But, there were no guarantees of that when I got back into this business.
My attitude toward my job determines my job.
I still do not understand employees of other establishments who have no problem complaining about the job and all it entails while we customers are within earshot.
Seriously, if you don't like your job - quit or get better at it.
It's that simple.
You don't like your playing time, do something about it.
Work harder.
Become a better teammate.
Be a good role model instead of a bad one.
"Not that I speak in respect of want: for I have learned, in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content." - Philippians 4:11
We far too often do not have contentment, respect or are satisfied with what we do and what we are given.
We would rather spend more time putting "dis" in front of those words.
We have discontentment about what we do, disrespect the opportunities we are given and are dissatisfied with our lives.
We spend too much time waiting for God to fill us when he is standing there waiting and saying, "I can't because you are too full our yourself."
We would rather be Sonny Listen in 1964 than Cassius Clay.
We would rather sit on the stool at the end of the sixth round and quit, throw in the towel, than get our collective behinds back in the ring and fight for what we have been trained to do.
We would rather spit out the mouthpiece than spit in the bucket, put the mouthpiece back in and get back to business.
"Let your conversation be without covetousness; and be content with such things as ye have: for he hath said, I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee." - Hebrews 13:5
We would rather set unrealistic New Year's goals and say rather loudly "I knew it wouldn't last long," than just go about life being the best we can be on a daily basis, helping as many people as we can along the way.
Can you imagine how much fun a teacher's life is today - kids coming back to school after a two-week break not wanting to do a thing?
It is our jobs as parents to help those teachers out because we know firsthand that our kids really do not want to step foot inside those schools today.
In the long run, we have no idea how to be humble or find contentment.
"But godliness with contentment is great gain. For we brought nothing into this world, and it is certain we can carry nothing out." - 1 Timothy 6:6-7
It is also rather obvious we don't spend enough time correcting our youth.
I watched about a 12-year-old boy walk into an establishment in front of his two younger sisters, grandmother and mother and not hold the door open for them. He just walked in first (rude) and did not want to be bothered by holding the door (really rude) and he wasn't admonished right then and there.
"Excuse me, ma'am, but can I please have a word with your son?"
Kids spend too much time whining about the lack of playing time instead of giving every ounce of energy they have during the time they are in the contest.
If that would happen in a game and, most important, in a practice, your playing time would increase.
"He that hath no rule over his own spirit is like a city that is broken down, and without walls." - Proverbs 25:28
Ohio State's best player, Jared Sullinger, was benched by his father, Satch, at Columbus Northland, as the team (21-0) was prepping for a district semifinal game with Westerville South.
The younger Sullinger was not doing his schoolwork.
So, he watched his team go through a 67-59 loss.
"We never get bigger than the game itself," said Satch. "The game was here before we were born and it'll still be here after we're all dead and gone.
"I told my three sons, and I tell all my players, 'You play the game the way you live your life.' If you don't give this game the total respect it deserves, it's going to frustrate you.
"You dedicate yourself, then when you accomplish something the rewards will come."
"What's more important: the program or the individual? If an individual thinks he's more important, then we probably aren't going to win with that person anyway."
Sullinger earned his fourth-consecutive Big Ten Freshman of the Week award after averaging a double-double with 12.5 points and 12.5 rebounds in wins against UNC-Asheville and Oakland last week. The 6-foot-9 center currently leads Ohio State with 17.5 points and 10.1 rebounds per game.
"I messed up with grades and we lost that (district) game," Jared said. "That's the most pressure I've ever had on me.
"It was for my own good. Him doing that, it opened my eyes and gave me a big ol' slice of humble pie."
(Mathison, a Weirton resident, is the sports editor of the Herald-Star and The Weirton Daily Times and can be contacted at email@example.com)


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Matthew 24:36 (NLT)
Mark 13:32 (NLT)
36 "However, no one knows the day or hour when these things will happen, not even the angels in heaven or the Son himself. Only the Father knows.
Now hold on a minute here...God the Father and God the Son are the same God, yet the Father knows something the Son doesn't? What's going on here?


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Digestive Disorders Health Center
What Is H. pylori?
Symptoms continued...
Other signs of an ulcer include:
- Bloating
- Burping
- Not feeling hungry
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Weight loss for no clear reason
Ulcers can bleed into your stomach or intestines, which can be dangerous to your health. Get medical help right away if you have any of these symptoms:
- Stool that is bloody, dark red, or black
- Trouble breathing
- Dizziness or fainting
- Feeling very tired for no reason
- Pale skin color
- Vomit that has blood or looks like coffee grounds
- Severe, sharp stomach pain
It's not common, but H. pylori infection can cause stomach cancer. The disease has few symptoms at first, such as heartburn. Over time, you may notice:
- Belly pain or swelling
- Nausea
- Not feeling hungry
- Feeling full after you eat just a small amount
- Vomiting
- Weight loss for no reason
Getting a Diagnosis
If you don't have symptoms of an ulcer, your doctor probably won't test you for H. pylori. But if you have them now or have in the past, it's best to get tested. Medicines like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can also damage your stomach lining, so it's important to find out what's causing your symptoms so you can get the right treatment.
To start, your doctor will ask you about your medical history, your symptoms, and any medicines you take. Then she'll give you a physical exam, including pressing on your belly to check for swelling, tenderness, or pain. You may also have:
- Tests of your blood and stool, which can help find an infection
- Urea breath test. You'll drink a special liquid that has a substance called urea. Then you'll breathe into a bag, which your doctor will send to a lab for testing. If you have H. pylori, the bacteria will change the urea in your body into carbon dioxide, and lab tests will show that your breath has higher than normal levels of the gas.
To look more closely at your ulcers, your doctor may use:
- Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. In a hospital, a doctor will use a tube with a small camera, called an endoscope, to look down your throat and into your stomach and the upper part of your small intestine. You may be asleep or awake during the procedure, but you'll get medicine to make you more comfortable.
- Upper GI tests. In a hospital, you'll drink a liquid that has a substance called barium, and your doctor will give you an X-ray. The fluid coats your throat and stomach and makes them stand out clearly on the image.
- Computed tomography (CT) scan. It's a powerful X-ray that makes detailed pictures of the inside of your body.
Today on WebMD
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HOME Nebraska Cornhuskers Gear Nebraska Cornhuskers Kids Nebraska Cornhuskers Kids Preschool & Toddler Summer Wear (8 items) Product ID: 1221919
Main Content
This item ships within one business day.
$4.99 flat rate shipping. See other shipping options.
Your future Cornhuskers fanatic loves to be around for your Nebraska game days. Imagine how excited he'll be to represent his family's favorite team at the beach or pool in these Bat Boy boardshorts! Featuring an allover plaid print, a drawstring hook and loop fly with two grommets, and a pocket at the bottom right left with a drainage grommet, these boardies will have your little one ready to get in the water and celebrate his Cornhuskers spirit in no time. With a school name embroidered on the pocket and an embroidered team logo at the bottom left leg, these sweet boardies will show off some refreshing Nebraska pride to all your fellow beachcombers!
- 100% Polyester microfiber
- Mesh lining
- Metal drainage grommet
- Officially licensed collegiate product
- Quality embroidery
- Screen print graphics
- Side pocket with hook and loop fastener
- Size 4T has inseam measuring approximately 4.5"
- Woven brand label
- Drawstring waist with two grommets
- Elastic waistband
- Imported
- Imported
- Brand: Collegiate Surf & Sport
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Manufacturer direct items are shipped directly from the manufacturer. These items are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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This is an MRI image showing a cross section of the entire pregnancy. The mother's spine is on the left of the image, and the baby is lying head down within the pelvis. An MRI is rarely needed during pregnancy, but if recommended, it is entirely safe.
By this stage of pregnancy every time you get a twinge you may worry that it's the onset of labor. This is a normal concern, but try to remember that, even though you're heavily pregnant, most aches and pains are still likely to be due to constipation, or stretching ligaments, rather than labor.
You may begin to have Braxton Hicks' contractions; these practice contractions occur as the uterus tightens as a warm up for labor. They also help direct more blood to the placenta in the final weeks of pregnancy. Some women are unaware of them, while for others they can be quite uncomfortable. Relaxing the uterine muscles by changing your position, walking around, or taking a warm bath can help.
If you're unsure whether the pains you're having are Braxton Hicks', always consult your doctor.
If you've decided to breast-feed, it's the best choice for you and your baby . However, it doesn't always come naturally so make it easier by being prepared:
I found all the following items really useful when I was breast-feeding my baby:
Excerpted from Pregnancy Day by Day.
Copyright © 2008 Dorling Kindersley Limited.
Buy this book now!
© 2000-2016 Sandbox Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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As the days until the June 9 Belmont Stakes dwindle quickly, the world of Thoroughbred racing and a growing number of observers and fans outside the sport are focusing on Kentucky Derby Presented by Yum! Brands and Preakness winner I'll Have Another and his bid to snap a 34-year string of Triple Crown frustration.
There is every reason to be excited. Every step taken by the Derby winner this year seems to have moved him forward. His running style – plenty of speed to put him in a stalking position close to the pace – seems built for the demanding Belmont Stakes distance of 1 ½ miles. And trainer Doug O'Neill is happy to handle every media request while jockey Mario Gutierrez is keeping a very low profile in an effort to keep distractions to a minimum in the days leading up to I'll Have Another's date with history.
Gutierrez, whose wit and smile following a Kentucky Derby victory just one year removed from watching the 2011 renewal of the Run for the Roses at British Columbia's Hastings Park, is laser-focused on doing things the right way.
His public relations agent is Angie Athayde Stevens, and her husband, retired jockey Gary Stevens, is available to mentor Gutierrez at all times. In the days leading up to the Belmont, Gutierrez will get a guided tour of Belmont Park's seemingly endless mile-and-a-half racing oval from former jockey Richard Migliore, who won nearly 1,400 races at the track during his three decades of riding.
O'Neill so loves the way his Derby winner is doing that he has decided the colt will not work prior to the Triple Crown's third and final jewel. Thanks to a call he made early in the year that provided a long gap between I'll Have Another's 3-year-old debut in his Feb. 4 victory in the Robert B. Lewis and his final Derby prep in the April 7 Santa Anita Derby, O'Neill has a relatively fresh horse heading into the Belmont.
The trainer has done a marvelous job of having a firm grasp on what can be controlled. But it is the factors beyond one's reach that often determine the tale's ending, and the hottest and, possibly, most dangerous of those carries a familiar name.
That factor is Louisville-born trainer Dale Romans.
He is preparing Donegal Racing's Dullahan, a hard-charging third in the Derby, for another shot at I'll Have Another in the so-called "Test of the Champion." But things are going so well for Romans right now that a Belmont win for Dullahan might be only the cherry atop the sundae.
While looking toward the Belmont over the past seven days, Romans saddled his 2011 Preakness winner Shackleford for a brilliant and dramatic win in Monday's Metropolitan Mile at Belmont Park and watched one of his most promising two-year-olds, Donegal's Roman's Avenue, score an emphatic victory in his May 27 career debut at Churchill Downs.
It's difficult to imagine a Belmont Stakes result that could be any more satisfying to Romans than his Memorial Day win at Belmont. As great as the last-gasp rally by I'll Have Another to nip the front-running Bodemeister in the Preakness clearly was, Shackleford's determined Met Mile triumph in which he defeated the talented Caleb's Posse by a nose would have to be a "pick 'em" proposition if we were voting today for "Race of the Year."
It was the first win for Romans in a race that has long been one of America's most prestigious events, and it was delivered by the horse that provided his trainer with his first classic victory when he won last year's Preakness. Shackleford is tough, fast and relentless. He never misses a dance and, win or lose, he's always in the fight.
Roman's Avenue has much to prove, but he rolled by more than four lengths in his debut and, in the first step of his career, justified Romans' clear enthusiasm for his potential. He's a son of Street Sense, the winner of the 2007 Kentucky Derby who, with his second crop of foals, is beginning to look like he'll also be a star in the breeding shed.
That's a considerable amount of momentum for Romans as he sends Dullahan into his showdown with I'll Have Another and his colt looms as one of the biggest threats to extending America's racing gap between Triple Crowns to at least 35 years.
Dullahan is built for the Belmont and its distance and his half-brother, longshot 2009 Kentucky Derby winner Mine That Bird, nearly won the race during his underappreciated run through his Triple Crown series. And when one considers how well things are going in the Romans barn, that intangible makes Dullahan a more dangerous factor for the big race at Belmont Park on July 9.
For critics of American racing – and there are plenty, with some criticism justified and some more than a bit shaky – I would suggest this. Take a look at the Kentucky Derby, Preakness and Met Mile. This year's renewals of those events is American racing at its best, and the races and their results have been as thrilling and riveting as anything offered in the world this year.
The gut feeling here is that the Belmont Stakes will offer similar drama as I'll Have Another makes his bid to become just the 12th horse to win America's Triple Crown. But a Triple Crown will be earned, not given away.
And a red-hot Dale Romans and Dullahan will be there to ensure that I'll Have Another, should he win Triple Crown's final jewel, will truly deserve to have his name mentioned with the previous 11.


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Event Information
The ACES Office hosts a space for 12-Step recovery meetings. Meetings are open to students, faculty, staff, and community members who have a desire to stop drinking or using other drugs.
Meetings are held at the ACES Office:
Water Tower Place
10383 B 42nd Ave
Allendale, MI 49401(Next to the Health Center)
Alecia Smith
This event also occurred on 9/5/2012, 9/12/2012, 9/19/2012, 9/26/2012, 10/3/2012, 10/10/2012, 10/17/2012, 10/24/2012, 10/31/2012, 11/7/2012 and 23 others


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6 Famous News Stories That Forgot to Tell You the Best Part
If there's one thing we know about modern man, it's that our attention spans are only half as long as the life of a major news story. Which is good news when the story is about a Kardashian wedding, but bad news when it's a major event that actually impacts our lives. Because sometimes, the most important fact in a story doesn't emerge until months after everyone has gotten bored with it.
For instance ...
#6. The Anthrax Attacks After 9/11 Were the Work of One Mentally Ill American Scientist
Just as America was starting to process the September 11 attacks, something insane happened. Two senators and several news organizations got letters in the mail containing a mysterious white powder that turned out to be freaking anthrax. It was obviously the second phase of the terror attacks -- the accompanying letters said so:
He really does not understand haiku.
Five people died, and 17 more got sick. Buildings were evacuated, and more than $1 billion was spent decontaminating every building that the biohazardous mail might have touched. Everyone from the Bush administration to your grandma thought the whole thing had to go back to bin Laden.
But no direct evidence appeared to tie it to al-Qaida. Months passed. Then years. We never got details about which terrorist cell orchestrated the attack, or how they got hold of a deadly bioweapon. Eventually, everybody kind of stopped talking about it. That's right -- we got bored with a story about terrorists sending weaponized diseases in the mail. Hey, we all got tired of Charlie Sheen, too.
Sheen prefers the more personal approach to spreading disease.
The Story You Didn't Know:
First, if you followed the story in the years since, you know that eventually investigators started to think that maybe it wasn't al-Qaida at all. They finally narrowed in on a suspect: American bioweapons expert Dr. Steven Hatfill. But Hatfill didn't do it -- in fact, he eventually got over $5 million from the U.S. government for their accusations.
Suspect No. 2 was a Dr. Bruce Ivins, and we say "was" because he committed suicide in 2008. And the reason he took his life, besides his long history of mental illness and depression, was that the FBI was on the brink of naming him as their chief suspect in the attacks. The FBI traced the anthrax spores to a laboratory where he worked, and not all that many people had access to them. So, what, was he a secret jihadist? Was he paid by al-Qaida? Or was he a right-wing anti-government type, like Timothy McVeigh?
Nope, he was 10 years old. We got this, everyone!
Well, here's where it gets weird. Dr. Ivins was actually one of the experts who helped in the aftermath of the anthrax attack (he worked at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases). In fact, the Department of Defense actually awarded him for his work. He was a churchgoing dad who juggled and volunteered with the Red Cross.
But despite his Sunday-school-teacher resume, there were some bad-guy-in-an-Oliver-Stone-movie qualities about Ivins' life as well. Like how he was so obsessed with an old unrequited romance from his college days that he stalked the woman's former sorority. We're talking about stalked-stalked. As in, he secretly made derogatory edits on the sorority's Wikipedia page under the name Jimmyflathead.
"Notable members: boobs."
Why do we mention that? Because it just so happened that anthrax spores from Ivins' lab showed up in a mailbox down the street from the sorority's storage facility. And while no one can account for where Ivins was the day the anthrax was mailed, we do know what he was doing in the weeks prior to that: putting in a ton of hours at the military bioweapons lab where he worked:
When his house was searched, the FBI found letters addressed to the same news outlets the terrorist sent mail to, including one specifically to Tom Brokaw. Which begs the question: Does anyone other than terrorists and morally outraged old people write letters to the news? Finally, there's the fact that the anthrax program Ivins dedicated 20 years of his life to was on the brink of failing in 2001. After the attacks, the program was suddenly revived, because holy shit -- anthrax!
The FBI closed their investigation in 2010, basically saying that we can never know for certain if Ivins did it, and they can't declare him guilty without a trial (you can't try a man who is this dead), but they have nothing solid that points to anyone else, so that's that. It appears that the perpetrator of the anthrax attacks wasn't a terrorist at all, but a random crazy guy straight from the government's own labs.
And if he really wasn't guilty of that, he's guilty of a far worse crime -- trolling Wikipedia.
#5. The Defective Toyota Cars That Were Speeding Out of Control Had Nothing Wrong With Them
It wasn't so long ago that the news media started having an orgy over reports that newer model Toyota cars and trucks had gained sentience and accelerated whenever the hell they felt like it, like the Prius that went terrifyingly out of control on a California highway. The poor owner had to call 911 to get help stopping it, and the cops had to corral the wildly out-of-control car.
That's a brilliant excuse for the next time we're caught speeding.
At first, everyone thought the problem was that gas pedals were getting stuck on or under floor mats, but then some cars had issues without the mats. So, they thought maybe it was some other issue with the accelerator. Between 2009 and 2011, Toyota recalled over 9 million cars while they replaced parts in the hopes of fixing the problems and calming nervous customers who were afraid that at any moment their Camry would launch itself off a bridge. Nine million cars -- park them bumper to bumper and they'd wrap around the Earth.
Wrap the owners around the Earth and they'll only hold hands and start singing.
But the fear never went away -- in this video, ABC News had a science expert who demonstrated that with one quick wire short, not only could the Toyota accelerate to Back to the Future speeds while the brakes took a break, but that the onboard systems didn't record anything wrong with the car after the error. So maybe despite the recall, there was still some problem the computers couldn't detect, or worse, one the computers were intentionally causing out of spite.
The Story You Didn't Know:
For the most part, drivers were just hitting the wrong pedal.
"Curse you, inscrutable space-car!"
The Department of Transportation and the guys who put a man on the moon worked together to figure out what was the deal with these cars. It turns out nothing -- nothing was the deal with these cars. There was nothing wrong with Toyota's electronics, and even if the engines had gone to full throttle without driver input, simply applying the brakes was enough to overcome the engine every time.
That story about the runaway Prius that wound up all over the news? It was bullshit. That ABC News experiment showing a Toyota defect? You can do that with any car.
"Experiments showed that loosening a wheel killed 100 percent of unsuspecting Toyota owners."
Now, there were issues with brakes getting stuck to floor mats -- that was a real thing. But probably not a "Let's go ahead and recall 9 million cars" real thing. No, the real problem was pedal misapplication, also known as "getting the accelerator mixed up with the brake pedal because the driver got confused." The rest was just a news media that wanted a story.
#4. The Unabomber Killed People Because He Wanted to Be a Woman
You know the Unabomber. He was that Harvard-educated technophobe who started the hoodie craze we're still enjoying today. And he also killed three people and injured 23 more with his bombs.
After years of this, the FBI finally discovered that the Unabomber was Ted Kaczynski, a lone crazy guy living in a cabin in the middle of nowhere. He published a rambling manifesto against technology, and apparently thought he could win the rest of society over to his side if he just exploded enough homemade bombs.
The Story You Didn't Know:
Before Kaczynski turned into a recluse, a terrorist and a fashion icon, he had a serious identity crisis. He wanted to get surgically changed into a woman.
Also, he looked like this.
In the early 1960s, Ted found himself constantly sexually aroused. Considering that he was in his early 20s and socially isolated from his peers, it's not hard to imagine. What was unusual was his response to the bonerthon. He decided that he'd only get relief from his sexual agitation by becoming a woman, so he made an appointment to start the process of sex reassignment. Because, of course.
"I'm not sure which bomb is the best to blow my nuts off with."
Now, whether it's 2012 or 1966, getting your dong cut off isn't something that's taken lightly, and before anyone gets the tiny guillotine out, an evaluation has to be made. After all, you wouldn't want to take such a drastic step with, say, a crazy person. But as Ted sat in the office of the doctor who would evaluate his state of mental health, something came over him:
"As I walked away from the building afterwards, I felt disgusted about what my uncontrolled sexual cravings had almost led me to do and I felt humiliated, and I violently hated the psychiatrist ... I felt I wouldn't care if I died. And so I said to myself why not really kill the psychiatrist and anyone else whom I hate ... What was entirely new was the fact that I really felt I could kill someone. I no longer cared about consequences and I said to myself that I really could break out of my rut in life and do things that were daring, irresponsible or criminal."
Yep, that's Ted Kaczynski's supervillain origin story. He walked into the office dreaming of getting a vagina and walked out the Unabomber.
That psychiatrist was just the worst.


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Having read a post yesterday, I realized I did not know much about the origin of exceptions. Is it an OOP related concept only? I tend to think it is, but again there are database exceptions.
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Exceptions are not an OOP concept.
But they are not completely unrelated either in one little tiny point.
As other answers have shown: The concept of exceptions has made it in several non-OOP languages. Nothing in that concept requires something from OOP.
But any if not all OOP languages which takes OOP seriously require exceptions because the other methods of error-handling fail at one specific point: The constructor.
One of the points of OOP is that an object shall encapsulate and manage its internal state completely and consistently. This also means that in pure OOP you need a concept to create a new object with a conistent state "atomically" - everything from memory allocation (if required) to the initialisation to a meaningful state (i.e. simple zeroing the memory is not enough) must be done in one expression. Hence a constructor is required:
But this means that the constructor can also fail due to some error. How to propagate the error information out from the constructor without exceptions?
So exceptions are a more fundamental concept than OOP but OOP builds upon them in a natural way.
No. Exceptions and OOP are unrelated.
Exceptions handling is a mechanism to handle errors. An exception is handled by saving the current state of execution in a predefined place and switching the execution to a specific subroutine known as an exception handler.
Comparing C (not really OOP language, possible to somehow emulate exceptions in C) and C++ (OOP, supports exceptions), nothing prevents C's standard committee from adding exceptions handling to C, it will still not make C an OOP language.
An exception is, simply put, an exceptional situation requiring attention and often a change in the flow of a program's execution. By that definition, exceptions and exception handling are not limited to object orientation, and simple program errors can be considered a form of exception.
Object oriented languages typically have a native exception class, and depending on context the word "exception" might indeed refer to that native class instead of the general concept. Object oriented exception handling is, as most of object orientation, syntactic sugar, and can be easily emulated in decisively non object oriented languages. Here's a C example, from the C Programming wikibook:
The answer is a simple NO.
A good example for a non-OO language with exceptions is ADA.
Some very good answers here already. Other examples for non-OOP programming languages having exceptions:
(To be nitty: you find some OO elements in both of the languages, but the exception handling mechanics does not make use of them, I guess because the concept was introduced years before the OO elements were added to those languages).
The basic idea behind exceptions is to clean up program flow so that a programmer can follow the "normal" execution path more easily. Consider a simple case of opening a file in C. Immediately after attempting to open the file, the programmer needs to examine the response from the fopen() call and decide if the call succeeded. If the call did not succeed, then the programmer must respond appropriately. The next call in the "normal" execution path, perhaps a call to fread() or fwrite(), would appear after the error or failure conditions have been handled. That may be on the next screen.
With a language that provides exceptions, the equivalent fopen() call can be followed immediately by the fread() or fwrite(). There is no error handling that is hiding the "next step" of the "normal" execution path. The programmer can see more of the normal path on a single screen, and so can follow the execution more easily. The error handling is moved to another part of the program.
Exceptions themselves are not an OOP concept, but they are often implemented using OOP concepts which make them more convenient and powerful. For instance, exceptions may be defined with an inheritance hierarchy. Using our notional example of opening and reading or writing a file, each of those calls may generate a variety of exceptions - FileClosedException, DeviceFullException, NoSuchFileException, InsufficientFilePermissionsException, etc. Each of those may inherit from FileException, which may inherit from IOException, which may inherit from GenericException.
If the programmer is doing a quick and dirty implementation to test a concept, he might mostly ignore exception handling and just implement a single handler for GenericException. That handler will handle a GenericException and any exception which inherits from GenericException. If he wants to treat any file related exception the same way, he can write a handler for FileException. That will be called for FileExceptions and any exceptions that inherit from FileException. If he wants to write a program that will respond differently to a variety of error conditions, he can write a specific handler for each specific exception.
Others have rightly answered "No" with examples of languages. I thought I could extend by adding an example on how to add exceptions to a language without ever involving OOP.
I will do this in case of the DSKL (Declarative Sequential Kernel Language) of OZ, a language well suited for academia stuff like this. The DSKL (or DKL) can be seen here (random search result), the Statements and Values part. The exact definition is not important, other than this being a very simple language with no modifiable variables (they are declared and later bound), and no OOP built in.
OOP can not even be added as an linguistic abstraction to this kernel language. By adding unique names to the kernel language (NewName) and using local scoping, encapsulation can be achieved. Or by adding a mutable state to the kernel language (NewCell) and using local scoping proper OOP with encapsulation can be achieved. But it can not be achieved with the specified kernel language alone.
If we then add exceptions to the kernel language we will have a language with no OOP-support but have exceptions. Let me show how:
Defining an abstract machine with a stack and a storage, we can define what each statement in our language should do (the semantics of the statement). For instance
We start by adding the syntax of how our exceptions should be defined. We do this by adding another two clauses to the
Here is the known try/catch, and a way to raise/throw exceptions.
We define their semantics by how they should work on the abstract machine:
Note that statement 1 will be on top of the stack, and tried executed first.
QED, we have a language with exceptions and no possibility of OOP.
I've removed the environment part from the abstract machine to make it simpler.
IIRC, exceptions appeared before the first OO languages. AFAIK, exceptions were first supported by early LISP implementations. Early structured languages (e.g. ALGOL) and early OO languages (e.g. SIMULA) did not support exceptions.


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West grads earn all-conference hoops honors
Two former New Berlin West basketball players earned all-conference honors in college recently.
Ashley Averkamp, a 6-foot senior forward, was first-team all-WIAC while averaging 10.6 points per game and shooting 53 percent for UW-Stevens Point.
Liz Radtke was second-team all Midwest Conference while averaging 12.2 points and shooting 48 percent for Lake Forest College.
Three New Berlin players on international soccer team
Three players from the U13 MK Alliance soccer team - Jacob Olp, Nathan Hilmer and Nate Garris - have the honor of being on the PFC International Soccer Academy Team.
This team is representing U.S. youth soccer at the invite only CAC International Youth Tournament in Lisbon, Portugal. This PFC team will have the chance to play against four of the top 15 Academy Soccer Clubs in the World.
During March from 5 to 9 p.m. Sundays and Mondays you can support the PFC Academy Soccer team thanks to Matty's Pub, Grill & Catering. Simply tell the staff that your order is to support the PFC Soccer Team.
Muskego's Grohall chosen for international tourney
Muskego resident Dylan Grohall will join the Premier Futbol Concepts Youth Soccer Academy team which will play in the 31st annual Clube Atletico Cultural Youth Invitational Tournament on April 3-9 in Lisbon, Portugal.
Dylan was one of only a few 11-year-old players picked for this team and the lone Muskego player selected. He currently plays for MK United Soccer Club, a select team out of the Muskego and Mukwonago areas, and he started playing soccer for the Muskego Soccer Club.
He was given a check by the MK United to help cover some of the travel expenses but the family plans more fundraising events as well.
Anyone interested in helping Dylan can contact Brenda Grohall at (262) 679-6987 or email@example.com or Michael Beatty at (262) 443-6088 or (239) 464-5000 or email@example.com.
Wisniewski named to D3Hoops.com Team of Week
Edgewood College men's basketball player Ben Wisniewski became the second Eagle to be named to the D3Hoops.com Team of the Week presented by Scoutware. The Team of the Week is a weekly honor roll highlighting five of the nation's top performers from the previous week in Division III basketball.
Wisniewski led the Eagles in both scoring and assists this week and became the first Eagle this season to score back-to-back 20-point games. The senior from New Berlin scored 17 of his 27 points in the second half against Concordia University Wisconsin, going 12-for-19 from the field and managed a team-high four assists. In a 74-62 victory over Concordia University Chicago, Wisniewski poured in 18 points in the first half on 6-for-7 shooting, including three 3-point baskets. He finished the game with 20 points and four assists.
Muskego's Borneman earns NCAA academic honor
Matt Borneman, a Muskego High School graduate, earned NCAA Division III All-Academic honors for cross country last season.
Borneman, who is from Wind Lake, is a junior at the University of Wisconsin-Platteville. He finished 34th at the 2011 Division III Midwest Regional for the Pioneers and second among Platteville runners.
To qualify for the team, the student-athlete must have compiled a cumulative grade-point average of 3.30 or greater and placed in the top 35 at NCAA regional meets.
Muskego fifth-graders place fourth in state tourney
The Muskego fifth-grade girls basketball team placed fourth in Division 1 of the Wisconsin State Invitational Championship Tournament in Appleton, Little Chute and Neenah in February.
Muskego went 1-2 in pool play, then beat Oak Creek in the round of 16. The team won its quarterfinal but lost in the semifinal, then fell to Hartland Arrowhead, 37-25, in the third-place game.
Mackenzie Balcerak made the all-tournament team for Division 1. Muskego is coached by Eric Schroeder, John Balcerak, James Niemczynski, Todd Schmidt and Mike Rautmann.
Wanaki Ladies Golf League seeking Golf Belle members
The Wanaki Ladies Golf League is seeking members for The Golf Belles, a 9-hole Thursday morning league that runs from May 31- Aug. 31.
All ability levels welcome. Please contact: Stephanie Weisse, firstname.lastname@example.com or (262) 781-7652.
April youth basketball tourney has several team openings
North American Youth Sports still has openings in its annual spring youth basketball tournament at the Milwaukee School of Engineering on April 13-15.
This tournament will feature 10 different brackets. They include boys and girls in grades 5-12. All grades are based on the grade in which a student is currently enrolled.
The entry fee for this tournament is $145 and guarantees each team a minimum of three games. There will be awards presented in each bracket. The entry deadline is March 23.
For information or an entry form, call the toll-free NAYS spring tournament hotline at (866) 352-5915 or tournament director Brian Miller at (414) 277-6947, or go to the NAYS website at www.northamericanyouthsports.org.
Senior golf leagues looking to fill openings
Senior Par-Plus Golf Leagues have openings for senior golfers for both nine-hole and 18-hole teams at the Naga-Waukee Golf Course on Mondays.
For more information, e-mail email@example.com or visit www.SeniorParPlusGolf.com.
Women's golf league looking for members
The Tuesday women's 18-hole golf league at Naga-Waukee Golf Course is accepting new members for the 2012 season. All interested players must have a handicap of 36 or less.
Play begins in May and continues throughout the summer. Golf begins about 6:45 a.m. and continues until about 8:30 a.m.
For information, call Marilyn Buffone at (262) 367-8697 or Barb Gorski at (262) 370-9855.
Wanaki Swingers accepting golfers for Tuesday league
The Wanaki Swingers, a Tuesday morning women's nine-hole golf league at Wanaki Golf Course, is accepting new members for the 2012 season.
This is a non-handicap league and play begins May 8 and continues through Aug. 28. Tee times begin at 6:56 a.m. and continue to 8 a.m. For information, call the golf course at (262) 252-3480 and ask for the contact person for the Wanaki Swingers.
- Sports Notes: July 21, 2016
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- Sports Notes: Feb. 4, 2016
- Sports Notes: Dec. 24, 2015
- Sports Notes: Nov. 5, 2015
- Sports Notes: July 9, 2015
- Sports Notes: March 26, 2015
- Sports Notes: July 3
- Sports Notes: Sept. 12
- Sports Notes: May 30


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Step 3: Install the hot and cold valves
Contribute to This Story Below
More in Bathroom
Tools List
Adjustable wrench
Basin wrench,
to reach parts under the sink
Allen wrenches,
tp tighten set screws
Tube bender,
for putting curves in rigid supply lines
Pipe cutter
Tongue-and-groove pliers,
to turn large nuts and to hold parts steady when tightening fittings
Shopping List
Most come with spout, valves, braided line to connect the valves, handles, drain collar, and pop-up waste assembly, though some valves and handles are sold separately. Look for parts made from solid brass (under the finish) or stainless steel for the best quality.
2. 3/8-inch supply lines
to connect the sink's valves to the water supply, either rigid or braided. Rigid supply lines (aka risers) should be used in an exposed installation, but they might need to be bent to fit, which takes some finesse. Buy three (just in case) in a chrome finish for the best appearance and in lengths longer than you need. Make sure you get the ones with an "acorn head" which becomes part of the connection to the faucet valves. You will also need to buy compression fittings. [BR] Braided-steel lines are flexible and therefor easy to install but aren't as pretty. They come in various lengths, with fittings on the ends. Make sure to buy them only slightly longer than you need, with a 3/8-inch compression fitting on one end and a 1/2-inch fitting on the other.
3. 3/8x1/2-inch compression unions
(if needed) to connect rigid supply lines.Get two; each should include two complete compression fittings, one 3/8-inch and one 1/2-inch, which you can cannibalize for your connections. Otherwise, get two 3/8-inch fittings and two 1/2-inch fittings separately.
4. Clear silicone sealant
Instead of plumber's putty, to seal gaps around the valves, spout, and drain collar. Some manufacturers warn that using plumber's putty will void their finish warranties because the oil-based product can cause damage.
5. Teflon tape
6. Rubbing alcohol


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My wife was speaking with a mechanic when she took the car in for a safety and emissions inspection this past week and the mechanic told her that we HAD to take our Ford Taurus to a Ford dealership or to one of their shops (she was at a chain) to add or replace antifreeze in our car, otherwise I would apparently ruin our radiator.
As this is the newest car I've ever owned, I don't know if this some peculiarity of newer vehicles or maybe something specific to Fords.
Can anyone provide some clarification?