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Following on from D.W.'s comments on a previous question, what properties does Blum Blum Shub have that make it better / worse than other PRNGs? Are there significant implementation difficulties or security issues with BBS?
migrated from security.stackexchange.com Aug 4 '12 at 21:43
This question came from our site for information security professionals.
Blum-Blum-Shub is a stream cipher: given a short key, it produces an effectively unlimited-length stream of pseudorandom bits. Other well-known examples of stream ciphers include AES-CTR and RC4.
Blum-Blum-Shub gets mentioned a lot by non-expert cryptographers. I suspect this is because it comes with a "proof" of security, which sounds like a wonderful thing to have. It might not hurt that BBS was mentioned in Applied Cryptography, and some developers may have walked away from that thinking that BBS is the bee's knees.
However, I personally don't recommend BBS. The proof of security turns out to be highly misleading, and it comes with some fine print that makes the proof close to useless in practice. You are probably better off using AES-CTR (AES in counter mode). AES has been carefully vetted and is widely trusted. AES-CTR should provide excellent security -- while also providing excellent performance.
BBS has two problems:
These two problems are linked. The standard proof of security says that if you choose a modulus N that is large enough, then no attacker will be able to efficiently break BBS. However, the standard proof does not say how large N has to be, to achieve any desired level of security. More recently, researchers have worked out how large a modulus you need, and (here comes the fine print:) it turns out N needs to be ridiculously large to have any decent level of provable security. I'll summarize some of their results below:
Result 1. Suppose you use BBS with a 768-bit modulus. You've read that 768 bits is enough to make factoring infeasible, so this sounds peachy. You've read that it is safe to extract O(lg n) bits in each iteration; here n = 768, and lg n = 9.58, so you decide to extract 9 bits in each iteration. You use it to generate a pseudorandom stream of 107 bits (about 1MB of pseudorandom data). How much security do you get? Answer: the security proof guarantees security against any adversary that uses at most 2-264 steps of computation. Yes, this is an utterly ridiculous and useless statement! To put it in plain English, the security proof guarantees absolutely nothing useful at all.
The lessons is: With natural-sized parameters, there is no guarantee that your use of BBS will be secure in practice. The "proof of security" is useless for ordinary-sized parameters.
Result 2. Suppose you learn about this result, and decide to use a longer modulus. Suppose you decide to use BBS with a 6800-bit modulus, and extract 5 bits on each iteration. Suppose you extract no more than one million pseudorandom bits from the BBS generator. Then, there is a proof showing that it will take at least 2100 steps of computation to break BBS (given plausible assumptions). This means you should have a reasonable level of security. My estimate is that, on my machine, producing one million bits (128KB) of output with BBS would take about 5-10 minutes, whereas with AES-CTR it would take less than a second.
In other words, to achieve even a mild degree of security in practice, BBS needs an enormous modulus -- far long than anything you'd use with RSA. This large modulus makes BBS very slow. It's far slower than AES -- and probably far weaker, too, as AES is believed to be safe for use even if you extract far more than one million bits of pseudorandom output.
Result 3. Here's another way to think about it. A third researcher worked out the ratio in level of security between BBS and factoring. He found that it's possible that there could be an attack that breaks BBS and is 1054 n3 times faster than any algorithm for factoring algorithm (for factoring the BBS modulus). For instance, for a 1024-bit modulus (n = 1024), someone might be able to break BBS 1063 times as fast as they can factor. Since we know you can factor a 1024-bit modulus with fewer than 1024 steps of computation, this guarantee about 1024-bit BBS is utterly useless: it is no guarantee of security at all.
As another example, for a 8192-bit modulus, the result says that there might be some clever algorithm for breaking BBS up to 1065 times faster than we know how to factor a 8192-bit modulus. This is a huge ratio. It says that BBS might be far easier to break than RSA is. It means our proof of security for BBS is meaningful only if we use an enormous modulus, and only if we believe that factoring a modulus of that size is stupendously hard. If we're willing to assume that factoring such a modulus is stupendously hard, we can deduce that breaking BBS is pretty hard; but because we need to use such an enormous modulus, the resulting BBS scheme will be enormously slow.
For more details, see the following research papers:
Footnote on terminology: Theorists sometimes call stream ciphers by the name "pseudorandom generators" (PRGs). Confusingly, this is not the same as a "pseudorandom number generator" (PRNG).
The term "pseudorandom number generator" (PRNG) is not always used consistently. There are two possible meanings. Some folks use it as a synonym for stream cipher. Personally, I prefer to reserve PRNG for a scheme that is used to generate pseudorandom numbers, using no explicit input (but somehow gathering entropy from the environment). With my preferred terminology, you use a PRNG to generate a short cryptographic key; then you use a stream cipher (a PRG) to stretch the short crypto key into a very long keystream of pseudorandom bits. But others use the term differently.
Given this opportunity for confusion, if the meaning of the term is not clear from context, it may be best to avoid the term PRNG.
BBS has a so-called "security proof" which shows it to be secure as long as the quadratic residuosity problem is hard; the latter is believed to be as hard as integer factorization, which is itself believed to be a hard to solve problem.
Gee, the description of the quadratic residuosity problem on Wikipedia really lacks clarity. In simpler words, the problem is: given a big integer N which is the product of two primes p and q of similar sizes, such that both p and q are equal to 3 modulo 4, and a value y modulo N, decide whether y is a square (i.e. whether there exists an integer x such that x2 = y modulo N). About N/4 integers modulo N are such squares. Among the 3N/4 non-squares, N/2 are easily determined not to be squares with the Jacobi symbol. The remaining N/4 are called pseudosquares: these are the values which are not squares, but for which the Jacobi symbol still returns 1. The QRP is about distinguishing true squares from pseudosquares.
The best known method for solving the QRP is to factor N (once N is factored, i.e. p and q are revealed, one can work modulo p and modulo q, and deciding whether a value is a square modulo a prime is easy). The best known algorithms for factoring big integers are still prohibitively expensive when N is big enough and was generated with random p and q (current record is 768 bits).
Note my use of the term "believed": the security of BBS is only proven up to the QRP. There is no proof that the QRP is as hard as factorization. And there is no proof either that factorization is really hard (but 2500+ years of research have not come up with an efficient factorization method, so it must not be trivial). Thus, the security status of BBS is somewhat similar to that of RSA. Use a 2048-bit modulus N, and you will be fine.
Other PRNG (e.g. AES in CTR mode, or the stream ciphers from eSTREAM) do not have such a nifty security proof. They rely on craftsmanship: they are believed secure because smart people have tried to break them and did not succeed. This is good enough as long as the said people were trained cryptographers, there were at least several dozens of them, they spent several months or years working on the algorithm, and they did not find the slightest dent in the cover of the algorithm. That's the case for AES or the eSTREAM portfolio; that's not the case for homebrewed designs slapped together in a fortnight and launched into the Wild without any further ado. The best of such designs is RC4, which has a few biases (nothing critical, but academically "broken" nonetheless), and has survived analysis for so long mostly because the designer was Ron Rivest, and Ron is very smart.
Thus, a security proof, even as limited in its scope as that of BBS, is a nice thing to have, which explains why it is regularly suggested.
On the other hand, BBS is awfully slow. You might produce perhaps a dozen kilobytes per second worth of random data on a modern PC core, while any decent cryptographic PRNG would run 10000 times faster. There are many applications for which the slowness of BBS is a bottleneck.


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I started freelance writing in the January of 2012 and I am providing services for SEO, Blog Articles, User Manuals, Travel Sites and Technical Documentation. Since then I have this question in mind. Then I found good place to ask the question that is writers stackexchange.
Many times a client asks that the content delivered should be his/her Property and me ( the original writer) won't have any right on that written material once I deliver it and get paid.
But I think we have a little logical confusion here. Let me explain you by taking help of Software programs. Imagine that a customer called 'A' gives you project to write a simple calculator to perform 4 basic math operations - plus,minus,multiplication and division. You program this calculator; deliver the project and get paid. Now this calculator becomes property of the client and you do not have any right over it. That is fine. Then after some time a customer called 'B' comes to you and ask you to write a scientific calculator software which included the 4 basic math operations mentioned in above case plus extra functions like Integration, Derivatives, Functions, Matrix etc. Though You have made a simple calculator in the past and that is not your property right now you still can make another complex calculator based upon that simple calculator which uses all functionality from that simple calculator. No one restricts you from doing this. This is considered normal. You can reuse the code, reuse the programming langauge, reuse the programming platform, reuse the devices, reuse the logic.
Now let us imagine this same scenario for writing industry. Many times a client asks to write approximately 5 SEO articles on single topic. Many times its same travel destination about which you have to write travel article for two or more travel websites. Many times its a same technological product about which you have to write article for two different clients. Many times I end up having forced to not repeat my own articles, their structures, sentences, examples used etc. In short you can not "Reuse" the content. And I have a limitation on how much new content I can provide on the very same topic.
So my question is about the,
Ability of a person (writer or programer) to reproduce the same content (written article or software) again and again and getting paid each time for hard work of each project and still not indulge in any Intellectual Property Confusion.
How does the intellectual property works here? Cause in case of computer program you can repetitively use the same logic, same programming languages, same programming libraries. You can reuse nearly everything. When your first calculator displays message 2+2=4 and then when your new advanced calculator too displays message 2+2=4 its not considered as copy paste or not considered as being reuse of old concept. But you write a sentence, "two plus two is four" then you can not reuse this sentence in same context in same way again. That will be considered as copy paste and reusing old content. In writing you can not use exact same sentences again, the sentence and paragraph structures, the stories etc. In short you have to make it new and original every time.
Also in writing once I write a sentence say , 'My country is great' then I can never use the same sentence in same context in same way again in any other articles. Because that will violate the originality of that new article plus violate Intellectual property of the old article.
How do I generate a real 'new and original' content each time?
When its explicitly not specified, who owns the right to the written material. According to the (Indian) law the written material remains property of the writer throughout the lifetime of universe. When the copyright period ends you can use it free of cost, but you still have to credit the original writer. But nobody knows about it. And when I work as freelancer writer I have to take projects from all over world, then law of which land (which country) applies to this Intellectual property?
Thank you for reading this long question.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I'm using Ubuntu 12.04, and whenever I open Firefox, whether it is from searching on the dash or clicking a 'quick-launch' launcher, it always opens yet another icon for the running instance that is a blank page and says Shiretoko. It will pulse the Firefox icon for a while (I'm guessing until a timeout or something). It's as if Unity no longer recognizes the Firefox process as Firefox and misidentifies it as Shiretoko.
(I know Shiretoko was a testing version of Firefox a long time ago.)
How do I set Unity straight? I imagine that it has something to do with me once using Shiretoko, but I believe that was even on a different installation, just the same home folder. Is there some place Unity caches this information that I can clear (or remove specific parts of)?


text:
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text: So this new character I'm submitting is from an anime I've never heard of, Clannad. The name itself confuses me with 'clam' and 'clammed'. Though I'm ignorant to what exactly this series is about, or what the character's strive for. All I can say is that Ushio was pretty easy and fun to work with, considering she has the traditional 'big eyed, tiny lips/nose' anime style. The coloring process was fun. Coloring skin with those mid-orange hues, and the hair with chocolate colored hair. Hopefully this tutorial will give you a basic setup on "how to draw Ushio from Clannad", step by step. Let me know if this tut was easy enough, or if you did well. Post the link in the comments to the version of your Ushio from this lesson. Anyways, thanks so much for viewing, and enjoy!


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What is the term for someone who has a last name that can also be a first name? For example, Brian Stella.
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No such word exists, because it would be entirely redundant. Any surname can be turned into a forename, on the whim of the parents.
I've always heard this called a "reversible name" - but that's referring to the forename and surname together.
Here is a list of them. http://richard.tangle-wood.co.uk/reverse.html
I'm pretty sure there is no specific term to describe the generic concept you're describing. The closest specific term is probably a pseudo-surname where a child takes on a parent's first name as their last name. This is referred to as a Patronymic or a Matronymic name.
Surname Adaptation?
During the American Civil War, soldiers began to use the surnames of their commanding officers (Grant, Lee, Sherman) as first names for their sons. This, and the American custom of using the mother's maiden name as a child's given name, along with the general twentieth century trend towards 'new' names, has led to many other surnames being recognised as first names. Thus Old English and Celtic personal names, long out of use except in their adaptation as surnames, have returned to the central stock. This was formerly almost exclusively confined to boys' names but is now beginning to produce many new girls' names, especially in America. The more established surname adaptations are subject to the same spelling variations as other first names. The link
I guess you could say they're interchangeable surnames and forenames. Here's a link with many examples: http://www.nationalfinder.com/surnames/index.htm#INTERCHANGE
Or you could also use interchangeable surnames and given names.
Or, as Jim said in a comment, this can be called "having two first names." There's even a Facebook group for people with two first names and an Urban Dictionary entry.
And apparently, on further Internet searching, there is the term "firsty firsty" for this. See this blog as an example: http://firstyfirsty.blogspot.com/2008/02/curse-of-firsty-firsty.html
I thought firsty firsty might just have been a term used by kids, but this appears to be evidence of wider use in popular culture.
Note that there is a corresponding lasty lasty.
I suggest the term you are looking for is surname names. nameberry.com and thinkbabynames.com both refer to this term in the context you ask.
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text:
Here it is!
Nu-metal soundtrack aside (and I know this is just done to pump the "gore n boobs" version of the trailer) this flick is looking bloody awesome!
Anyone who doubts Momoa's ability to play a good Conan need only check this out (and the final bits of episode 7 of Game of Thrones...)


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32GB HP Touchpad for $194.99 + $5.00, $8.00 Two Day, $11.00 overnight shipping
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62 Comments add a comment
Has anyone written an app for this thing yet?
Flash it with CM9 Android ...love mine
This thing makes me so happy, it's pathetic. If you don't own one, just get it... now.
Play with WebOS for 10-15 minutes and then load ICS (CM9) onto it, it runs super smooth.
I love using it. It is so choice. If you have the means, I highly recommend picking one up.
I bought the 32GB version directly from HP during the firesale last year. Fantastic tablet. While WebOS has almost no apps, you can (and should install Cyanogen mod 9 - which is basically Android for your TouchPad (the latest version of Android even, ICS!).
Go to the link below and follow the instructions to get Ice Cream Sandwich on your TouchPad:
I really could not be happier with mine.
Video instructions on how to root it. I can't verify these work, but will root mine tomorrow. Hopefully all works well.
Wow, I just posted this as a deal for $209 a couple of days ago. Nice price, woot!
Edit: Ok, can some of you tell me how this compares to the Toshiba Thrive? And how easily can you Skype with it?
@palady: You can get Skype on TouchPad with the native OS, WebOS. You can also install Skype on Android, but the current Cyanogen Mod 9 release for TouchPad does not currently support the camera, so Skype would work for chat and such in Android, but not video chat. I would expect that eventually the camera will be functional in CM9, but until then you can dual boot WebOS and Android, using WebOS for Skype and Android for everything else (ie Netflix, games etc)
Edit: Forgot Toshiba Thrive comparison. Well, The TouchPad does not have an SD card reader, mini USB, full size USB or HDMI ports. It has only a micro USB port that is used for charging (and can be hacked into doing other things ahem http://hackaday.com/2012/05/16/self-powered-usb-host-mode-on-the-hp-touchpad/ ) . So that is an unfortunate advantage to the Toshiba Thrive. The TouchPad is about $180 less expensive, however and does sport very similar specs.
I just installed Hulu for WebOS. It works great. I will get to ICS someday. Hopefully when I do the camera and microphone will work.
I great table for $200. If I did not have it already I would buy one.
I got to say I love mine and for this price you are not going to get better on a 32mb 10 inch model. Also if you do get it check the HP store. I picked up and extra charger and a cool case with free shipping, order was less than $10 for both total
They say this is 19% off List Price...meh...not excited about that.
It's a used albeit refurbed tablet. I was considering it, but I had to ask myself if so little off retail is such a good deal. I'm passing.
As a lot of people always comment on these when they're posted, you can indeed dual boot Android (Gingerbread or Ice Cream Sandwich) and it is awesome and totally worth the money (although becoming slightly less so with refurbs of other tablets with USB ports and other cool hardware features).
I would like to point out that CyanogenMod is not the only version you can install, there are a bunch of great groups out there making ROMs and most are worth considering. I prefer AOKP myself. I just think CM9 should not be a selling point specifically rather it should be Android in general.
@stewarthamblin: Thanks. You answered my questions. I really want more connectivity options, when (if - it's a $$ thing) I get a tablet. The Thrive looks great, but still seems pricey for a refurb. I'm in no hurry. Thanks again.
Should note the case will crack around the speakers. It's not if but when. I use the Hp rubber edge case. still cracks with gentle use. Very little out of house. I prefer the ipad, but I am going to give Android a go with it. The camera sucks do not consider it as a purchase point. webos touch lang sucks, but flash works. Over all it is worth the current asking price.
How-To (get started)
Latest nightly downoads
New nightly announcements
Change Logs
1.) http://goo.gl/UzaTU - (or copy and paste between the double-quotes "http://review.cyanogenmod.com/#/q/status%3Amerged+branch%3Aics+%28project%3ACyanogenMod/android_device_hp_tenderloin+OR+project%3ACyanogenMod/hp-kernel-tenderloin+OR+%28-project%3A%255ECyanogenMod/android_device_.+AND+-project%3A%255ECyanogenMod/.kernel.*%29%29,n,z")
2.) http://cm-nightlies.appspot.com/?device=tenderloin
Just opened mine up from the last time this was on woot. Thing is smooooooth so far. It'll be dual booted with android very shortly....
@therealjrn: I'm not sure what "retail" even means on these at this point - they were introduced last summer at $600 MSRP, discontinued 6 weeks later, and then aggressively cleared out by HP at $150. So price has been a sticky subject - what it's worth isn't necessarily what it sold for, at either price point. The bill of materials has been estimated at over $300, which seems more in the ballpark of "value" for a 10" tablet with these features. I'd priced out a bunch of sub-$300 tablets and none could give me what this one does.
I bought one of these a few months back when they were first Wooted, and I love mine. I paid $25 more than this and still think that was a great price! I'd contemplated an iPad, and this has many of the hardware features for significantly less. I easily set it up to dual boot WebOS and ICS, which is the best of both worlds. There's not much that I've wanted to do on this tablet and haven't been able to do.
@saramwrap: You make some good points--you would think an outfit like w00t would know that "retail price" is usually if not invariably an inflated valid market price--and that we w00ters know that too--which makes the claimed 19% off seem like even less of a deal. I just guess I'm believing the w00t marketing blurb, and I'm not impressed with 19% off an already inflated "retail" price. I might be suffering from w00t tablet burn out too--there have so very many offerings of late. But thanks for putting some thought into your response!
I got one of these at the fire sale. Opted for the 32 over the 16 at the last minute. I regretted it until I dumped my movie library on in making it my portable media station.
If you don't have a need for a lot of space, and just want a fast, smooth running tablet, I suggest waiting until the 16 gb refurbs show up.
Well, I've been enjoying my TouchPad ever since I was lucky enough to score one during the fire sale, and have been enjoying it even more now that I've finally put CM9 on it.
The thing runs smooth, and if you can live without the camera or mic on the Android side (for now, anyway), compares pretty favorably with most of the Android tablets out there.
Just my 2¢.
I got two of these back in the fire sale (one from Office Depot, one from HP) they are great tablets for that (and good for this) price, I gave mine away though, they weren't quite what I really wanted, (now have TF300 & a Transf. Prime) but if you are looking for a tablet in this price range, this is the one you want.
@intuitionx2: The cracking was caused by a bad batch of cases, and not all touchpads had this issue.
I bought one during the firesale and the case cracked around the speakers within 2 weeks ... called up HP and they replaced it with a new one (they offered a free case but I pushed for a replacement). Been using the replacement one for almost a year now, and no cracks to be seen. Other friends who also got theirs during the firesale never had case cracking.
Having said that... fixing up ones returned for case cracking might be a source for all these refurbs. :)
I just got mine the day before yesterday. The base OS was kind of pretty, but not to my taste (I'm just really not that easily pleased). I threw CM9 and then CM7 on it, and am now quite pleased. It's a lovely little tablet. I also have a BN Nook Color (old) and an iPad. The Nook is slow, and has problems with the digitizer, but I like the size. I just don't like IOS (see above - I'm grumpy and old) at all. If this has an SD slot and GPS, it would be perfect.
I got mine during the firesale as well, but would gladly pay this price for the tablet. The standard OS, WebOS, is pretty nifty and great at multitasking - it just severely lacks apps. It's a shame that the Touchpad didn't catch on, I really like WebOS.
Anyway, I recently put CM9 on the tablet. It's actually incredibly easy to do if you follow the instructions step by step. I'm a complete noob with tablets, and have had zero issues with putting CM9 on the tablet. I regretted waiting so long to put it on there!
If you're apprehensive about buying this due to WebOS or understanding how to install CM9 for Android goodness - don't be! Buy this tablet NOW if you're in the market for one. You WILL NOT find this great of a tablet for this price!!
Excuse the dumb question, but does this have the ability to run Internet Explorer? That is the only browser I can use to log into my work's citrix server . . .
@b2pi: You went from CM9 to 7? Why? I have CM7 and am waiting for my PC to get stable to update to CM9.
Has anyone made the switch on a HP TouchPad? I am looking for a reason to wipe the custom touch pad and start over with CM9.
FYI I still dual boot. TuneIn Radio runs better in HP OS. I have an issue with the sound freaks out when the display sleeps in CM7, so if I will be streaming music and not touching the device I boot to WebOS.
@suzzcq70: No sorry no Internet Explorer
@caffeine_dude: The sound stuttering is just about completely fixed in CM9; you can "help" it in CM7 by increasing the minimum CPU speed a few ticks in the performance options. Otherwise when it underclocks due to inactivity, it doesn't feed the audio buffers fast enough and you get that stuttering.
@suzzcq70: There is an Android App that allows connection to Citrix...IE is unneeded....of course this means installing Android on the device.
I WANT ONE OF THESE SOOOOO BAD!! so, would diving into my kayak fund to get a tablet be that wrong?
@ronfronberg: Last I checked, the Hulu fix for WebOS (via Preware) was disabled. Is it back to working now? At the time, I was unable to get Hulu to work on CM7, and haven't made the switch to CM9 yet.
@jerrybign: Not at all. Kayaks will be around for a long time. These will not. They are a dying breed.
Hopefully this isn't a dumb question but I've seen the Toshiba Thrive 8gb go for about the same price (sometimes +$10) refurb once in a while. With all of its advantages, wouldn't it be worth it to buy the 8gb Thrive and purchase a Micro 32gb to use with it? Please forgive me if I sound ignorant, just trying to get the best bang for my buck. Aren't we all?
@achyder: I have been looking for an easy way to get movies on my TP. What app are you using? I managed to get CM9 on mine but I am not the most tech savvy person here.
Any help would be most appreciated!
@nrsgdbdy: I use the MX Video Player app (Free). It can play all media formats I throw at it except DVD rips in .iso.
As for getting them ON my TP. I just connect the USB, put the TP in USB mode, and copy paste into a folder I made called "Movies".
Anything else?
Not a bad price. If I recall correctly this wouldn't be much more than what HP themselves offered their refurbs at on eBay. I'm not in the market for a HP product.... I could go on a rant here about their service and how they handle repairs under warranty but instead I will refrain. I will never buy their products ever again. Doesn't matter how innexpensive they are.
On a side note, I found woot!'s current inventory of these things.
I purchased this from Woot right before the Woot-off (same price, BTW). I've had it almost 48 hours and was able to flash Android once it was fully charged. I was warned NOT to flash ICS (still an early alpha) and to go with Cyanogyn's earlier mod, version 7, instead. This is far safer and still gives you all of Android, just not v.4.0 I'll wait 'till ICS is far improved for this tablet, and I do not think I'll be waiting long.
@keithis1: I also wanted the Thrive. It has lots of features I really dig, like full size HDMI and USB ports. I found the HP tablet preferable for three reasons: 1) It's FAR thinner than the Thrive, 2) It runs WebOS and Android. WebOS is pretty solid and very usable. 3) fast (dual core) with lots of memory.
A tough decision, but I'm really happy with the HP. Hope that helps.
@achyder: WRT storage space from an old-timers' perspective.. In 1988, my COBOL instructor said a 20MB hard drive is all you really need, since beyond DOS, Lotus 123, dBaseIII, and WordPerfect, all you'd need to store is your personal data. Three years later (1991) PC Magazine had an article suggesting 100MB was the ideal size for a hard drive. Granted we are talking over 20 years ago, and trying to use any hardware/software from that era today would be an exercise in masochism. But the point is that within three years, the standard storage space quintupled. See also: Moore's Law.
Even without movie storage on the TouchPad, I'd still recommend getting the 32GB version. Dual-Booting, current and future apps, etc the uses you'll have for the device within the next three years or whatever its useful life will likely continue to expand.
The only time I'd recommend the smaller would be if it was purchased for a single use. An information kiosk display perhaps?
@silentg: Are you sure that's not just the final scene from Raiders of the Lost Ark?
Overnight shipping? Wow! If I buy one now, I can get it before the one I bought on May 18! :-|
@badpookey: Thanks! It helps a little but my big issue was connecting it to my TV via HDMI for the netflix app. But if WebOS is worth it...
I was using Hulu last night, WebOS, without any problems.
Search http://www.webosnation.com for installing hulu on webos.
The same for using Hulu with ICS. There is a fix for this also. I do not remember the url.
Just to add, if you want, you don't just have to dual boot... you can TRIPLE BOOT. Throw Ubuntu on that bad boy too!
Couldn't pass this up, look forward to checking out ICS on this (ICS is great on my Nexus). Needed a 2nd tablet so I can give up the iPad to my fiancee for work related stuff, this should fit the bill for a while (and can just be a good house tablet in the future...
@keithis1: I think an important factor lies in what you NEED to store in the device. SD cards and the cloud can be used for movies, songs, books, picture, documents, etc. This alleviates the need for everything to be internal and therefore using your internal storage. If you need TONS, and I mean HUNDREDS of Apps, then you are better off getting something like this with the larger capacity.
I prefer the Thrive to this, personally. It is MUCH more versatile with the ports, and the thickness is not bad.
That being said, full disclosure...I use a Asus Pad TF300 with 32GB.
How does this compare with the Viewsonic gTablet?
the case for this is $4.99 with free shipping at HP.com
Save your money. get a real tablet or a really crappy one if you want to "ULTRA MOD" it. Seriously. Why take a referb that you can't bring anywhere to get fixed. Just wait for a sale on a nice tablet that you can upgrade the GB on and will have customer support. OR get a crappy Pandigital for $25 - $30. Try your hand at modding and lessen the blow of waiting for all the current high overpriced toys to drop in price.
@voovfeegbean: his youtube channel: http://www.youtube.com/reverendkjr
also @ the site he posted above
Is there any way to use a usb 3G modem with this?
@currcm4: No but it is very easy to use a cellphone to tether it and depending on the phone, get either 3G or 4 G speeds. Visit webosnation.com and stroll through the forums for info. Have had one of these for 8 months and am still very happy with it. I end up using it mostly on my wifi at home and work but it's very functional tethered to my phone: I just have to watch that my phone battery holds up or keep it on a charger if I'm traveling.


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Federer's Big Racket Gamble
The 17-Time Grand Slam Winner Is Experimenting With a New Frame
In the past few months, Roger Federer has chopped his hair, dropped to No. 5 in the world rankings and lost before the quarterfinals at a Grand Slam for the first time in nine years. Now Federer, who will turn 32 next month, is experimenting with a new tennis racket in the middle of the season on clay courts in Germany, with the U.S. Open—the ultimate hard-court tournament—a little more than a month away.
For the super-polished, near-perfect winner of a record 17 Grand Slam singles titles, this is as close to a midlife crisis as it gets. Really, though, Federer is making an all-time great admission that many all-time great tennis players stubbornly refuse to make: Like the rest of the world's aging weekend warriors, the once invincible Roger Federer needs a little help, and there's nothing wrong with asking for it.
"It's about that time in his career when you start tinkering," former No. 1 Mats Wilander said in an email. "I love it."
"If he can make this change, he is increasing his chances of winning another Grand Slam exponentially," said Roman Prokes, an expert racket technician who works with many top pros (Federer is not one of his clients).
Federer hasn't divulged many details about the racket, other than that it is made by Wilson, his longtime racket sponsor, and has a 98-square-inch head, 8 square inches larger than the Wilson Pro Staff he has played with since 2002. Federer is still testing the frame and hasn't committed to playing with it full-time, and it might be modified further.
"It's a prototype," Federer told reporters at a tournament in Hamburg this week (he reached the semifinals with a victory Friday). "I'm happy I did the change and we'll see how it goes. So far, so good."
Jon Muir, the general manager of Wilson Racquet Sports, said the new racket is based on Federer's requests and feedback from previous tests, and stressed that the process is far from over: Federer could still reject it, and the racket doesn't even have a design or color scheme (like all test rackets, it is black, so the design doesn't influence the tester's perception). Muir said the racket is not a Wilson Blade 98, as some online gear gurus have guessed. It was made in Wilson's Chicago lab.
"It's not something we are currently producing and selling to customers," Muir said.
The advantages and disadvantages of a larger racket are well known. A larger head generally means more power, which Federer doesn't lack, and more forgiveness when the ball is struck off-center.
"When you get a little bit older and a tiny bit slower, you need help because you can't get to the ball," Prokes said. "It's not about your hands, it's about your feet."
There's also some risk, including less precision, Federer's trademark.
"I almost felt that with a bigger racket I was losing control," said former No. 1 Ivan Lendl, who experimented with a larger head size in his playing days but never fully switched over. "The times have changed, though. Maybe you don't have to give up control now."
Prokes tried for years to convince Pete Sampras, the former No. 1 and winner of 14 Grand Slam singles titles, to switch to a larger racket (Sampras' Wilson Pro Staff had an 85-square-inch head). Sampras now plays with a larger racket and has said he regrets that he didn't change when he was on the tour.
"Change is not easy for anybody in life," Prokes said. "Sometimes you have to take a couple of steps back in order to take a couple of steps forward."
If Federer eventually commits to a new racket, Wilson's sales would likely get a boost. Racket manufacturers typically do not release sales data for specific rackets, but industry sources pegged Federer's current racket at around No. 20 in the industry, down from previous years. Rafael Nadal's Babolat AeroPro Drive is the top-selling racket in the world.
"Federer's racket is not forgiving," Prokes said. "You have to hit the ball absolutely perfect in the sweet spot all the time."
"A racket that is more forgiving and has a bigger sweet spot, that is going to be more useful to an average consumer," said Brad Blume, the founder of Tennis Express, a tennis equipment retailer based in Houston. "The market share and demand for his racket will definitely increase."
Especially if Prokes is right about a larger racket's long-term benefits. "I really 100% believe this will extend his tennis life for years," he said.


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Boston Red Sox Win World Series
Red Sox Defeat Cardinals for Third Championship in Past 10 Years
BOSTON—The lessons were passed down from one generation of Boston Red Sox fans to the next, like a survival guide for tortured souls: Assume the worst. Take no victory for granted. Yet the people who packed every inch of Fenway Park on Wednesday night and every bar in walking distance harbored no such skepticism.
They arrived not only believing a championship was possible but daring to expect one. And the Red Sox rewarded them with a coronation the likes of which they had never seen.
For the first time since 1918, the Red Sox celebrated a title at Fenway Park. They defeated the St. Louis Cardinals, 6-1, in Game 6 of the World Series, which they won four games to two. Koji Uehara struck out Matt Carpenter to end the game, setting off fireworks that crackled over Yawkey Way and echoed across New England.
"This is for you, Boston!" series MVP David Ortiz shouted into a microphone from the infield. "You deserve it."
The championship is Boston's third in the last 10 years, a run that has altered the psyche of their now-spoiled fan base and made them the envy of the industry.
But in many ways, this one was different. If 2004 was the title everyone longed for and 2007 was the one everyone believed was possible, this one was perhaps the greatest gift of all: the season no one expected from the team everyone had soured on.
An epic collapse in 2011 and a last-place finish in 2012 appeared to mark the end of an era. Instead, it merely served as a prelude to one of the greatest comebacks in baseball history.
The Red Sox are only the second team ever to finish in last place one season and win the World Series the next, joining the 1991 Minnesota Twins. And they are the first to win the title just one year after finishing with a winning percentage of .426 or lower. They may also be the most heavily bearded champions in the history of the sport.
"What better thing to do than to win the World Series in Boston?" catcher David Ross said. "Are you kidding me? I'm never going to be able to shave again."
The remaking of a flawed roster began in the summer of 2012, when the Red Sox unloaded more than $250 million in salary commitments in a blockbuster trade with the Los Angeles Dodgers. In the off-season, they signed several free agents who would become integral pieces, including Shane Victorino, Mike Napoli and Uehara. But the Red Sox had more than just baseball problems. The bond between them and their fans had been strained.
"The bloom was off the rose, shall we say," Red Sox President Larry Lucchino said. "We had to reboot and reconnect with our fan base." The team's marketing slogan became, "What's Broken Can Be Fixed."
Even team executives didn't believe it could be fixed this dramatically and this quickly. But the Red Sox became a rallying point for the city after the Boston Marathon bombings in April. They won 97 games during the regular season, which tied the Cardinals for the most in the majors. On the strength of their play and the length of their facial hair, they became likable again.
Ross, a 36-year-old journeyman who signed with Boston last winter, noticed the difference as the season went along.
"Wherever I go, people recognize me," he said. "That's not my life. I've never had that. I've been a backup catcher who hides behind a mask and nobody knows who I am. I got people that can't even speak English saying congratulations on the street to me. It's just amazing."
No one symbolized the turnaround better than pitcher John Lackey, who became vilified in Boston two years ago and missed all of 2012 after undergoing elbow surgery. On Wednesday night, Lackey allowed just one run in 6 2/3 innings and left to a standing ovation from the crowd of 38,447.
All season long, Lackey had refused to tip his cap to the crowd when he walked off the mound. The sting of the criticism he took during the collapse of 2011 endured. This time, finally, he lifted it as he neared the dugout. And with that, the reconciliation was complete.
"It gave me chills to hear the response that he deservedly received here coming off the field," manager John Farrell said. "He did such a great job all year long for us. It's almost fitting that he's the guy on the mound tonight to close this out. He mirrors the remake of this team and this organization."
Even for longtime Red Sox favorites, this season offered a measure of redemption. Ortiz, who at age 37 is the lone remaining player from the 2004 team, hit 30 homers and drove in more than 100 runs for the first time since 2010.
"I'm back, baby," he said.
In the World Series, Ortiz delivered one of the greatest offensive performances of all time. He finished 11 for 16 (.688), drew seven walks and homered twice. But the Red Sox thrived this year on far more than the strength of Ortiz. Their lineup was exceptionally deep and led the majors in scoring during the regular season.
The Red Sox faced several aces during their playoff run, from Tampa Bay's David Price to Detroit's Justin Verlander and Max Scherzer to the Cardinals' Adam Wainwright and Michael Wacha. They toppled them all, thanks to a blend of stellar pitching of their own and key hits from several players.
"It always felt like somebody was going to do it that night," Napoli said. "You never knew who was going to do it, but that's how we were. If one guy didn't get it done, the next guy was going to get it done."
This World Series was one of the strangest in recent memory. It featured sloppy defensive play and two historic quirks. Game 3, which the Cardinals won, was the first World Series game ever to end on an obstruction call. And Game 4, which the Red Sox won, was the first ever to end in a pickoff at first base.
But the deciding game was simply a rout. The Red Sox pounded Wacha for six runs in just 3 2/3 innings.
Victorino got Boston started with a three-run double off the Green Monster in the third. And Stephen Drew started a three-run Boston fourth with a solo home run into the Red Sox bullpen.
By the time the Cardinals finally scored in the seventh, on an RBI single by Carlos Beltran, it was of little consequence. A Red Sox championship, for decades an impossibility and six months ago an improbability, had become inevitable.
Write to Brian Costa at firstname.lastname@example.com


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List.ForEach(s => Console.WriteLine(s));
To me, the difference is purely cosmetic, but are there any subtle reasons why one might be preferred over the other?
Looking at the compiled code through ILSpy, there actually is a difference in the two references. For a simplistic program like this:
ILSpy decompiles it as:
If you look at the IL call stack for both, the Explicit implementation has a lot more calls (and creates a generated method):
while the Implicit implementation is more concise:
I'd prefer the lambda syntax in general. When you see that, then it tells you what the type is. When you see
with the two examples you gave they differ in that when you say
you are actually telling the ForEach Loop to use the method WriteLine
is actually defining a method that the foreach will call and then you are telling it what to handle there.
so for simple one liners if your method you are going to call carries the same signature as the method that gets called already I would prefer not to define the lambda, I think its a little more readable.
for methods with incompatible lambdas are definitely a good way to go, assuming they aren't to overly complicated.


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Machtay M, ... Rosenthal DI.
Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania
Last Modified: November 1, 2001
Reviewers: John Han-Chih Chang, MD
Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology and Physics 1999; Volume 44: pages 311 - 315.
Unresectable locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCCa) have a poor prognosis with radiation therapy (RT) alone in standard once-daily fractionation. Many have attempted to alter the frequency, length of treatment and total dose in order to improve the outcome. There have been data to support some improvement in local control with these adjustments in the RT.
Chemotherapy (ChT) had historically been an unproven entity in the treatment of head and neck carcinomas. Recently, many studies have come to light, demonstrating the efficacy of ChT when combined with radiotherapy (RT). In resectable locally advanced disease, there have been two major randomized trials of organ preservation (VA Laryngeal Preservation along with a European trial) that have demonstrated the efficacy of induction ChT in head and neck SCCa. Another randomized trial from the Cleveland Clinic demonstrated the superiority of concurrent ChT plus RT over RT alone in the locally advanced head neck cancer. A study from Duke University demonstrated superior local control and survival for the combined modality (RT + ChT) arm in a randomized trial of accelerated hyperfractionated RT (AHFRT) versus AHFRT with ChT. All four trials mentioned above utilized 5-FU and cisplatin as their ChT regimen. Acute toxicities of treatment were increased with concurrent ChT/RT, occasionally causing treatment delays -- possibly compromising local control and overall outcome. Thus, there has been a push to pursue other ChT agents with the same if not better efficacy and less toxicity.
Hydroxyurea and carboplatin have been utilized in combination with other ChT agents for head and neck SCCa. In the dawning age of the taxanes, hope has been generated for improvement of the above response and survival rates. Multiple studies of paclitaxel (Taxol) have been ongoing. Reports have demonstrated that the standard effective systemic dose is 175 - 200 mg/m2. In combination with concurrent RT, Taxol doses must be tempered, since there has been documented enhancement of radiation toxicities with the addition of the drug. Taxol was the focus of this phase I trial from the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. The effects from a single administration of Taxol can last up to several days. The theory was that prolonging the infusion of Taxol would increase the duration of efficacy or radiosensitization. Some preclinical data have suggested this to be true along with clinical studies in breast and lung cancer. The goal of this phase I trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 96-hour infusional Taxol with concurrent concomitant boost RT regimen.
The RT was given with a megavoltage machine using daily fractionation of 2 Gy per day initially to 40 Gy. Cone-down fields with spinal cord shielding followed with twice-a-day fractionation of 1.6 Gy each. The planned total dose was 70 - 72 Gy to areas of gross disease.
The ChT consisted of single agent Taxol given over 96 hours. This was given on weeks 1 and 5 of the RT. The dose escalation began at 40 mg/m2/96 hours and increased by 40 mg/m2/96 hours for every dose level. Dose level 2A 100 mg/m2/96 hours was created after reaching dose level 3 (120 mg/m2/96 hours) and excessive toxicity was reported. Details will be explained below.
There was a high compliance with the planned treatment. Only one patient did not complete the planned RT -- the patient had progressive disease (defined asextension of disease outside of the treatment portal or greater than 25% enlargement in the tumor) after 61 Gy. All but one patient completed the planned 2 cycles of Taxol -- the patient developed a grade 2 allergic reaction on the second cycle.
Toxicities were listed in Table 2 of the article. No grade 5 (treatment-related deaths) toxicities were seen. Grade 3 mucositis predominated (10 of 13 patients) and were seen at all dose levels (attributable to the accelerated nature of the RT). The dose limiting toxicities were seen in both dose level 3 patients (one had grade 4 dermatitis and the other had grade 4 mucositis and febrile neutropenia). Thus, MTD was exceeded and the dose level 2A was created. The 3 patients enrolled at this dose level had no grade 4 toxicities.
Though the design of this trial was not focused on efficacy, analysis demonstrated a very promising result. Complete responses were seen in 8 of the patients treated. Partial responses were seen in 4 of the remaining 5 patients. Two of the complete responders relapsed, while overall, 4 have died of their disease. The median follow-up was 12 months. The progression-free survival rate and overall survival rate at 1 year was 63% and 73% respectively.


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Minneapolis Prostitution Solicitation Convictions
Prostitution Arrest Photos (PDF)
This section has been created to help Minneapolis residents combat criminal activity in their neighborhoods. Homeowners and families tell us that they are frustrated and threatened by the prostitution they see on their streets, sidewalks and alleys. This section of the Minneapolis Police Department website is designed in response to the fears, anger and demands expressed by the law-abiding people of Minneapolis: they are tired of prostitutes soliciting customers on their sidewalks; they do not want girls and women treated with disrespect by customers coming into their neighborhoods; and they do not want their children to view acts of prostitution enacted in public places at all hours of the day and night.
The photos and descriptions in this section will help Minneapolis residents identify and alert the police to this criminal activity. The Minneapolis Police Department will continue to arrest those engaged in prostitution as defined by the following sections of state law:
MINNESOTA STATUTE 609.324 Subd. 2 SOLICITATION OR ACCEPTANCE OF SOLICITATTION TO ENGAGE IN PROSTITUTION; PENALTY.
Whoever solicits or accepts a solicitation to engage for hire in sexual penetration or sexual contact while in a public place may be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than one year or payment of a fine of not more than $3,000 or both. Except as otherwise provided in subdivision 4, a person who is convicted of violating this subdivision while acting as a patron must, at a minimum, be sentenced to pay a fine of at least $1,500.
MINNESOTA STATUTE 609.324 Subd. 2 Subd. 3. ENGAGING IN, HIRING, OR AGREEING TO HIRE AN ADULT TO ENGAGE IN PROSTITUTION; PENALTIES.
Whoever intentionally does any of the following may be sentenced to imprisonment for not more than 90 days or to payment of a fine of not more than $1,000, or both:
- Engages in prostitution with an individual 18 years of age or above.
- Hires or offers or agrees to hire an individual 18 years of age or above to engage in sexual penetration or sexual contact.
Except as otherwise provided in subdivision 4, a person who is convicted of violating clause (1) or (2) while acting as a patron must, at minimum, be sentenced to pay a fine of at least $500.
MINNESOTA STATUTE 609.3242 Subd. 2 INCREASED PENALTIES.
Any person who commits a violation of section 609.324 while acting other than as a prostitute while in a school or park zone may be sentenced as follows:
- If the crime committed is a misdemeanor, the person is guilty of a gross misdemeanor.
Last updated Mar 7, 2013


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expert advice MORE
Child Throws Tantrums When Disciplined
Q: What do you do when your child hits and screams at you when you try to discipline him?
A: It would help if I knew what the age of the child was and what you are attempting to discipline him for when he acts this way. I am going to assume this is a young child we are talking about and my answer will reflect that assumption.
Disciplining a child while he is throwing a tantrum and/or hitting and screaming is impossible, so don't even attempt it. Say to the child in a firm voice, while restraining him from hitting you if he follows you around, "I know you are very angry and out of control now,don't hit me because you're hurting me and making me unhappy". Let him have his screaming fit, remove yourself physically from him and do not allow him to hit you.
Discipline should provide the child with natural consequences, not punishment, for his actions and should be given when both of you can hold a peaceful conversation.
More on: Expert Advice
Carleton Kendrick has been in private practice as a family therapist and has worked as a consultant for more than 20 years. He has conducted parenting seminars on topics ranging from how to discipline toddlers to how to stay connected with teenagers. Kendrick has appeared as an expert on national broadcast media such as CBS, Fox Television Network, Cable News Network, CNBC, PBS, and National Public Radio. In addition, he's been quoted in the New York Times, Washington Post, Chicago Tribune, Boston Globe, USA Today, Reader's Digest, BusinessWeek, Good Housekeeping, Woman's Day, and many other publications.


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News and Events
Columbia College-Jefferson City brings judges to campus Thursday, April 13
WHO: Missouri judges will speak to Columbia College students about the judicial system, particularly selection and retention of judges.
The following legal professionals will be available:
JON EDWARD BEETEM: � Elected circuit judge 2006 in Cole County, 19th Judicial Circuit � Term expires Dec. 31, 2012
JUDGE RONALD R. HOLLINGER: � During Governor Blunt's term, Holliger was one of three nominees submitted by the Appellate Judicial Commission to the Missouri Supreme Court � Currently works in the Attorney General's Office as General Counsel
JUDGE MARY R. RUSSELL: � Appointed to the Missouri Supreme Court in 2004 � Retained by voters in Nov. 2006 � Term expires Dec. 31, 2018.
WHAT: An information session where current and past judges will be available to answer questions about the judicial system.
WHEN: April 13, 2011; 8 - 9 p.m. with time for media interviews after panel discussion
WHERE: Columbia College-Jefferson City 3314 Emerald Lane, Jefferson City, MO 65109
Columbia College, a private, regionally accredited, nonprofit institution founded in 1851 in Columbia, Mo., educates more than 30,000 students each year and has more than 67,000 alumni worldwide. For more information, visit www.ccis.edu.


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My massage therapist stresses me out
October 13, 2011
So I went to one of the Massage Envy spas last night for their Arthritis Foundation deal. It was an…uh…interesting experience. Basically, my massage therapist was a weirdo girl who tried to chat me up during the massage while I was lying face down shirtless and already feeling a bit uncomfortable. Practically straight away she asked me in a creepy voice, "So what do you like to do for fun?" Huh? NOTHING. DO NOT TALK TO ME DURING MASSAGE, PLEASE. Throughout the rest of the hour she proceeded to tell me about how she thinks about what it would be like if her dad was a cat and that she has psychic abilities. Regarding the latter, of course I couldn't resist asking (still lying face down while she pummeled my back and called me "Dear") – Ok, so what do you sense about me and my "energy?" She replied, "Your right side is full of work stress and…FEAR." Uh ok. She went on, "Your left side has some…anger. Is there trouble with your mom?" What? No. She said, "I sense an older, female energy in there." Well I'm certainly mad at plenty of people these days but my mother is not one of them. And I'm pretty sure she's not in my left shoulder. Maybe it's Grandma? Er, okay, thank you, Creepy Girl, glad I asked.
I think I walked out of there more tense than when I walked in.
8 Responses to "My massage therapist stresses me out"
October 14, 2011 at 11:42 am
I guess you won't be going back for a massage from her. :-)
October 17, 2011 at 1:59 pm
Next time I might suggest a polite: "I really like to relax and clear my mind during my massage." That might keep her creepy stories to herself.
But then you would not have this great story to post to keep us entertained…
October 20, 2011 at 9:14 am
"…what it would be like if her dad was a cat…"?! I think I would have gotten off the table at that point. The things we do for massages!
Anyway… hi! I found your blog through an article on Rheumatoid Arthritis on Good Morning America's website. My name is Liz and I've had moderate to severe joint pain for four years now (among a few other symptoms). So far, my doctors — I've seen about a dozen or more at this point — have been able to determine that it's "some sort of autoimmune disease" and "could be Rheumatoid Arthritis," but my blood work never shows anything tangible. I've tried dozens of medications, and the only thing that came out of most of them was that I learned I react very strongly to medication. Heh. I know it could take years to be diagnosed, so I figure I'm about due at this point.
I just wanted to say hello and that it's nice to "meet" you. It's always nice to find other people with chronic pain (even though it's not nice that we're in pain to begin with). I hope you're having a good day!


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I am considering buying a tow hitch and bike rack for my minivan to transport a few bikes for an upcoming vacation. I've read a few reviews of these bike racks, and many folks have said that their license plate is not visible with these racks.
In the US, is there anything I need to get with my bike rack (license plate frame, extra tail lights, etc.) to make hauling my bikes legal?


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A luncheon meeting of Local Interagency Council 15, a component of Child and Family Connections, took place on Dec. 5 in the conference room of the Wabash and Ohio Valley Special Education District building in Norris City with 25 attendees representing various agencies.
Early Intervention therapists and parents were present for networking and resource sharing. The guest speaker was Elisha Kearns, who spoke about Safe Families for Children, an organization providing secure, temporary homes to children whose parents are in a crisis situation.
Safe Families is based at Baptist Children's Home in Carmi.
Child and Family Connections, covering the southern Illinois counties of Edwards, Gallatin, Hamilton, Saline, Wabash, Wayne and White, accepts referrals for children, ages birth to three years, who may have a diagnosis or developmental concern.
Call for information or free screening: 1-800-463-2759.
Location, ST | website.com


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BRILLIANT - Striving to meet more stringent Environmental Protection Agency emissions requirements, American Electric Power continues upgrading its scrubbers at Upper Ohio Valley plants.
AEP provides coal-fired electricity to residents in Ohio, Marshall, Belmont, Jefferson, Harrison and Monroe counties, with much of this power generated at the Kammer and Mitchell plants in Marshall County, as well as the Cardinal Plant in Jefferson County.
When the company installed a pollution scrubber at its Cardinal Plant along the Ohio River in 2007, it was supposed to last 25 years. However, AEP found what it considered "aggressive" corrosion on the scrubber within just a few years, leading the company to take quick action.
Article Photos
UPGRADING — As the coal-fired American Electric Power Cardinal Plant in Brilliant continues pumping out wattage, the company continues to upgrade emissions controls systems. - Casey Junkins
"The use of 2205 stainless steel alloy in the construction of scrubbers has been determined as a root cause of the corrosion issue. It has affected many utilities who constructed scrubbers using that material over a period of several years," said Melissa McHenry director of external communications at AEP's corporate office.
A scrubber can hold as much as 1 million gallons of lime slurry, a solution that captures sulfur compounds in power plant smoke before it goes up the stack for release into the atmosphere. The devices were designed to help meet a federal mandate that coal-fired power plants cut 71 percent of their sulfur dioxide emissions by 2014.
McHenry said AEP corrected the corrosion issue in every scrubber that contained the 2205 alloy, but at a cost of $8.8 million to ratepayers.
"The issue has been addressed by installing a barrier between the alloy and the corrosive slurry - either by applying a coating or tiles to the scrubber vessel," she said, noting this permitted the scrubber to remain in service as the work proceeded.
At the Cardinal facility, AEP installed a scrubber that McHenry said suffered performance problems beyond mere corrosion. She said the company eventually reached a legal settlement with the manufacturer on a corrective action plan that involved both the internal scrubber parts, as well as the corrosion. These repairs and improvements cost AEP $2.3 million, which the company recovered from ratepayers.
For work at the Mitchell Plant, AEP used $6.5 million worth of ratepayer money to perform scrubber upgrades.
"We have continued to achieve 98 to 99 percent sulfur dioxide removal rates from the affected scrubbers, which is better than industry averages," McHenry said, noting AEP believes the improved scrubbers should now last for the full design life of about 25 years, with "little more than expected routine maintenance."


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Subway: The long and short of it
By MAE ANDERSON The Associated Press
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The 2012 Sexual Assault Awareness Month campaign encourages communities and individuals to bring healthy sexuality into the conversation on how we connect, respect and prevent sexual violence.
The 2012 SAAM campaign "It's time...to talk about it!" provides tools and resources that focus on promoting positive expressions of sexuality and healthy behaviors. Promoting healthy behaviors encourages sexual interactions and relationships that are consensual, respectful and informed. By starting the conversation, this diologue can build safe, healthy relationships.
© 2016 National Sexual Violence Resource Center – Founded by the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape
This site is supported by Grant/ Cooperative Agreement No. 1UF2CE002359-03 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.


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Horned Frogs A Welcome Addition
Texas Christian University athletics director Chris Del Conte said Monday was "a great day to be a Frog."
And seriously, who could argue with that?
Of course, Del Conte was talking about TCU's decision to accept an invitation to become a full-fledged member of the Big East Conference, beginning in the 2012-13 academic year.
Now, I've never been big on discussing news that won't really impact anyone for roughly 20 months, but this is a fairly significant headline.
TCU's decision was easy. As members of the Mountain West Conference, the Horned Frogs had been competing in a non-automatic qualifying BCS football conference, meaning unless it was enjoying a magical football season like it is right now, it was an afterthought when the BCS suits started filling their bowl slots.
Not anymore.
TCU, which is ranked third in the current BCS standings and is unbeaten at 12-0, soured on the Mountain West not only for that reason, but because BYU and Utah are leaving just as Boise State prepares to enter.
"A significant blow," Del Conte said, adding something about how they bought a home, only to see the landscape change.
And who wants that? In today's housing market, you better get what you pay for.
As far as the Big East was concerned, the league spent the day touting TCU's academic emphasis and its conference-champion men's and women's tennis teams, women's basketball team and its men's swimming team, which is all well and good, but the reason you invite a school to travel more than 1,000 miles to play most of its league foes is football.
Nothing more.
The Big East has had a handle-with-care label on it all season, many will say far longer than that. As it stands, a four-loss Connecticut team that was whipped by Temple and edged by Rutgers, is in the driver's seat to take its BCS bid this season.
West Virginia coach Bill Stewart, the self-proclaimed biggest supporter of the Big East, is happy to reel off a list of impressive numbers piled up by the league during its recent out-of-conference schedule. They're real, but they lie. No stats needed here, the eye test is just fine, though most people have had theirs covered while watching.
The most impressive showing for a team against a non-league foe this season, if you exclude South Florida getting Miami coach Randy Shannon fired last weekend, was a loss by West Virginia on the road to LSU. Adding a top-ranked program that will soon have the ability to tell its recruits they're in an automatic BCS qualifying league is a spectacular move.
There are already those who are predicting the Horned Frogs will be the league's preseason football favorite the season after next. However realistic that might be, it's something of a punch in the gut to existing member schools, and perhaps, a wakeup call all at the same time.
Get better, or play for second.
Clearly, the big question here is geography. An institution located in Fort Worth, Texas will soon be playing women's tennis matches against schools in Connecticut, Ohio, West Virginia, Florida, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, New York, Indiana, Washington D.C., Rhode Island, Illinois, and Wisconsin.
Makes perfect sense. Or, you know, none at all.
Can you see the TCU guys wearing "304" on their eye-black, assuming that was still legal?
Sports geography has been messed up for some time and leagues should really have stopped using cardinal directions long ago. Anything farther than a few hours in West Virginia's case, Cincinnati and Pitt and you're boarding a plane anyway. Besides, TCU had been traveling to map dots in Utah and Wyoming as it was.
Come to TCU, see the country!
Anyway, here's a tip of the cap to Big East Commissioner John Marinatto for getting this done and giving the folks in the nation's fifth-largest media market something to do Monday.
He's been on the job for a while now, and my most lasting impression of him is his announcement of the league's new bowl alignment earlier this year.
"By all accounts, the Big East bowl lineup is stronger than it's ever been," he said that day. "We have aligned ourselves with great bowl games in first-class destinations.'"
Umm. No.
Another handshake goes to Del Conte for seeing the positives far outweighed the negatives and proceeding. For deciding to move out of that house.
There haven't been a lot of good days for the Big East lately, but Monday most certainly was one.
Just as it was a great day to be a Frog.
Jim Elliott can be reached via e-mail at: email@example.com


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The slowest part is a dozen of diagrams in
Read section 50.4, "Externalizing Graphics", of the PGF Manual.
You can try creating a Precompiled Preamble or "format" for your document. This technique basically caches all the computations that LaTeX does when processing the preamble which is the stuff before
Just noticed the reference to TikZ- in this case Scott's suggestion is the most pertinent.
Update 2:
The mylatexformat package can aid in creating and using format files.
Make is Your Friend!
This problem was solved ages ago, so let's take advantage of all the nice tools Unix gave us!
The best solution I can think of for a large document is to simply not have any
To this end, I made a makefile (for GNU Make) that looks (and I do mean looks. Makefiles are old technology - so old that tabs are actually significant syntax...) sort of like this for a project of mine (ignore the syntax highlighting. tex.SE thinks this is TeX and it's obviously not):
How do I use that?!
Whenever you'd use a
You'll also notice that there is a rule for files matching
Another way to speed-up compilation is to figure out what it is that is making each picture slow and then do something about it. As a case study, it just took nearly 18s to compile the source for this seminar. That's a bit long for a compulsive recompiler like me! Watching the page numbers go by, I could see that the picture that takes the longest is on page 51. The source of this diagram is available and it's fairly clear that it's the torus that takes the time (there are two foreach loops, nested). If you look carefully at the start of the foreach loops, you'll see:
Even without looking at how the various commands are defined, it's clear that by changing them, I can change how many times these loops loop. Thus when I'm working on the diagram itself then I can use values that I'll use in the final document, but when I'm working elsewhere in the document, I can set them to something a little more user-friendly. Indeed, near the top of the document, I have:
which sets a global option (of course, I can override it for a particular picture when I'm actually working on it). (Note:
One more tip: when working on a document with lots of diagrams, I often have a "diagram-only" file for working on a specific diagram at a time. This has the same preamble as my main document but only one diagram in it (the one I'm currently working on). It's like a scrap piece of paper. To save my working, when starting to a new picture then I just put a
I use plain XeTeX†, so the externalization described in the TikZ manual doesn't work for me. But I've found a neat way to speed up my compilations.
Like Andrew shows in his answer, I split the figures to their own
which will make a single page of the content I feed it with, having the contents dimensions (more or less). There would be some extra space though which needs to be removed by
Now after I do
Then on the
Now every time I want a figure I can just write
Of course, if I make changes to the
† I realize the question title asks specifically about LaTeX, but in the question body the slowdown is attributed to using TikZ, so I hope I can share my experiences even though not with LaTeX.
If it's your TikZ graphics that are taking a long time, use the
As for more general hints, if you are compiling a big document, but you only really need part of it to compile (e.g. if you're compiling a book, but only chapter 3 has changed) split the file into several files and use
I would suggest using the regional compilation feature in AucTex. Of course you have to be using Emacs.
The process is really easy:
A full compilation only happens when you want to get the whole document. If there's anything that I think help most I learned during making slides, it's the regional compilation in AucTex.
I don't use TikZ, so I've no idea if this will help with TikZ-related slowness. But, the question asks how to speed up compilation (in general).
Using the
A more crude version of Andrew's suggestion would be:
This inserts the text "Picture" instead of any
I am unsure for TikZ, but for XY-pic the command \CompileMatrices doesn't recompile your arrays, greatly speeding up the compilation time.


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Room to Operate
Dartmouth's new Center for Surgical Innovation makes space for research in clinical care
Imagining what life would be like if medical technologies never advanced is not hard. "We would be dying sooner and of many more diseases if we hadn't put money and effort into research," says Keith Paulsen, Robert A. Pritzker Professor of Biomedical Engineering; professor of Radiology at The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth; director of the Dartmouth Advanced Imaging Center and co-director of the NCCC Cancer Imaging and Radiobiology Research Program.
The Center for Surgical Innovation (CSI) features two operating rooms that are large enough to accommodate multiple researchers and equipment. Computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems can be moved from one operating room to the other along ceiling-mounted tracks. Two diagnostic imaging rooms can be used for nonsurgical or minimally invasive procedures. Windows overlook the operating and diagnostic rooms so researchers and students—from undergraduates to graduate and medical students—can observe surgeries, imaging sessions, and other research activities. The CSI also includes ancillary offices, patient holding spaces, control rooms, and labs, including a small wet lab for tissue studies.
A national destination for patient care and innovation
The value of medical research is why Paulsen and Sohail Mirza, MD, chair of Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center's Department of Orthopaedics, have worked together to create the CSI the nation's first surgical facility dedicated to translational research.
Paulsen, CSI scientific director, and Mirza, CSI medical director, will oversee research that combines Thayer expertise in biomedical engineering, imaging, and computation with clinical expertise at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Geisel School of Medicine—research that uses the CSI to test new approaches in the operating room, such as complex real-time image-guided surgical procedures.
The nation's first surgical facility dedicated to innovative cancer research
The CSI mitigates a major limitation for researchers: a lack of operating room time and space for the clinical studies on animals and humans that must be carried out before any new technique or technology becomes standard practice. While various hospitals, including those affiliated with Duke and Johns Hopkins universities, have surgical centers dedicated to imaging research and innovation, the CSI is the only one where research won't have to compete with clinical care. Completely separate from Dartmouth-Hitchcock's busy operating rooms, the 12,000-square-foot CSI is largely free from the scheduling and financial realities that drive high-volume clinical surgical units. "The pressure to make this a profit center where patients need to get in and out won't be prevalent," says Paulsen.
Although most of the research will benefit patients in the future, Paulsen says the CSI gives Dartmouth-Hitchcock surgeons access to the most advanced surgical environment for handling complex cases that would otherwise end up elsewhere. "If we didn't build this center, all of our patients would go to Boston," Paulsen says. "If you want to do research, you have to create your own space."
The $20 million CSI began to take shape in 2010, when Thayer, Geisel, and Dartmouth-Hitchcock matched $10 million in federal stimulus money. Adjoining Dartmouth-Hitchcock's Advanced Imaging Center—which Paulsen, an imaging expert, also directs—the CSI occupies space below a new clinical radiology unit, which factored into the project planning.
CSI will support ongoing research in brain and breast imaging and other emerging research programs
The CSI will leverage previously funded research in brain and breast imaging and also roll out new programs in interventional psychotherapeutics and intraoperative biomarkers for guiding surgical resections. The CSI will introduce emerging research programs in prostate surgery, intraoperative oximetry imaging, and in vivo optical microscopy.
The CSI will also be open to researchers beyond the Upper Valley, including companies that need to conduct preclinical trials en route to securing FDA approval for new technologies, products, and procedures. "My goals for the CSI is to have enough resources and personnel to allow maximal use of the facility, and provide easy access to any student or faculty member anywhere in the world to bring their ideas here," says Mirza.
"The CSI will be a national destination for patient care and innovation," he says. "We want outside engineers, biomedical scientists, and physician-researchers to bring their ideas to the CSI because it will have the very best capabilities."
This piece was excerpted from an article by Anna Fiorentino in Engineer. Read the full article here.
April 14, 2014
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I have various groups set up for my organization to facilitate easier sending of emails to their members. Everyone is a member, except that I am an owner of these groups. Several others need access to be able to email these groups, but making them owners would mean they would receive future correspondence intended for the group. How can I allow only certain users to email a group, but not allow them to receive emails sent to the group? I am set up with an Education account; the additional Business features are not enabled.
Create a user account called email@example.com. Then make firstname.lastname@example.com a member of your group firstname.lastname@example.com. Then for each of the individuals firstname.lastname@example.com who need to email firstname.lastname@example.com create a filter in email@example.com to foward their mail.
When firstname.lastname@example.com emails to email@example.com, it is forwarded to firstname.lastname@example.com. Messages in email@example.com go to email@example.com but go no further. For cleanliness, you could create another filter that deleted all the messages from email@example.com.
Of course, this would be very cumbersome if you have a lot of email@example.com users.
Hope this helps.
The easiest method is to enable
Naturally this opens the address up to misuse as anyone outside of the organisation can email the group.
The other option (I'm not sure if this is a Business apps only option) is to enable the custom settings, then under
If you do not want to allow external emails to be sent to the group you can use Weehooey's method:
You can then add additional filters for additional senders, or use the
Hope that makes sense!


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Frequently Asked Questions About Pregnancy
In This Article:
Tests and defects
What are the dangers of X-rays to my unborn baby?
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), the maximum safe fetal radiation dose during pregnancy is 5 rad, or the equivalent of 50,000 dental X-rays or 250 mammograms. CT scans, fluoroscopic studies, and nuclear medicine tests involve slightly higher doses than conventional X-rays, but in general still fall well within the range of acceptable exposure. In each case, the benefits of imaging need to be weighed against the potential risk to the fetus, and if at all possible, tests involving radiation should be avoided in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Can ultrasounds give misleading information?
While it's possible that you may be having a baby boy even if his external sex organs aren't visible in the ultrasound and therefore you may incorrectly think you are having a girl, most technicians won't state your baby's gender unless they are absolutely certain. If the sonogram indicates a due date that seems wrong, you might ask, "Could I possibly have dated the start of my pregnancy incorrectly?" Experts say that an ultrasound done at sixteen weeks is more accurate in regards to gestational age than an ultrasound done later in your pregnancy. When dating the length of a pregnancy, the ultrasound technician can be accurate within a few days. Ultrasounds date your pregnancy from the point of conception, which is a few days different from the point of your last period. Later ultrasounds are more accurate when determining your baby's gender. A very clear image must be obtained for the ultrasound to determine whether you are expecting a boy or a girl, and this may be more difficult to see in the early stages.
What is toxoplasmosis, and should I worry about getting it?
Toxoplasmosis is rare, but it is a virus that can affect your baby in the womb. When cats are allowed to run freely outside they can end up with a parasite that settles in the intestines and is passed on through cat feces. Toxoplasmosis can cause brain damage and other medical problems in your unborn child. Cats also frequent gardens and sandboxes, so wear gloves and wash your hands thoroughly after being outside. Don't clean any litter boxes during your pregnancy (ask your partner or a friend to help you).
Do folic acid supplements really make that much of a difference in preventing certain birth defects?
According to the United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC), when taken one month before conception and throughout the first trimester, folic acid supplements have been proven to reduce the risk for an NTD-affected pregnancy by 50 to 70 percent.
excerpted from:
From Everything Pregnancy Organizer Copyright © 2007, F+W Publications, Inc. Used by permission of Adams Media, an F+W Publications Company. All rights reserved.
To order this book go to Amazon.


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Downloading from the main Ubuntu archive is slow even when it's not release day, how can I get apt-get to automatically use a mirror that is close to me?
apt-get now supports a 'mirror' method that will automatically select a good mirror based on your location. Putting:
on the top in your
Lucid (10.04), Maverick (10.10), Natty (11.04), And Oneiric (11.10) users can replace
I've always gone with the 'select best server' GUI tool: from Ubuntu Software Center, go to Edit -> Software Sources in the menu. (You can also do this from the Preferences for Synaptic or the Update Manager.)
Under the Ubuntu Software tab there's a drop-down next to "Download from:" If you select "Other..." you'll get a button that says "Select Best Server"; clicking on it gets Ubuntu to run some tests to see what mirror will give the best download speed.
I can't comment on whether this is better or worse than the method you found for yourself. Perhaps someone with some expertise on the issue can comment!
Here are some screenshots for the graphical method, as Jorge suggested:
The Geographic location does not always give the best mirror. For example, I live in BC Canada, and most who are in this province should find a mirror in BC, California, or any Pacific state, maybe even Arizona.
However, here in the north my ISP (unlike the phone company) has only one fiber line out of this city, and it goes straight to Calgary (1000km east of here) where it plugs a NEX shared with the line to ucalgary, where they have a lovely debian and ubuntu and who-knows-what-else mirror. It seems the university has the same ISP as I, and so transfer rates are measured in megabytes per second, as opposed to the 50-100 kilobytes per second I get from a default mirror.
So. I recommend knowing your local internet network topology. Pretty things such as Network Exchanges can make for a fast connection to specific places. Staying on your ISP's network can bypass some speed throttles you might otherwise have to the outside world.
Thanks to the post regarding the GUI tool to change this, I found that mirror and set it as default. Good show for this topic!
For a fast upgrade, I've downloaded the alternate CD using torrents. After the upgrade in this way, I still ended up with a system which has still not all updates (probably after the ISO was packed).
After a quick search, I ended up on the list of mirrors on Launchpad. Search for your country and test some. I live in the Netherlands and got only 75kB/s speed, much lower than my usual speed. The ubuntu.mirror.cambrium.nl mirror did not work for me, but ubuntu.mirror.astratoip.net did. Replace the mirror accordingly and run the below commands:
A tip for users of Kubuntu 12.04...
From Muon Software Centre:
Then on the Kubuntu Software tab:
This will select the server with the quickest ping (fastest server at the time)
I'm in the UK, but my fastest server is "server for Nepal". - about 10 times faster than what I was getting with the default server for UK!
I'm using Ubuntu Server 12.0.4 (precise pangolin).
My problem was that apt-get was hanging anytime it tried to retrieve something from us.archive.ubuntu.com
I added the below lines to the top of my /etc/apt/sources.list file (taken from @ajmitch answer above) and commented out everything else. This solved my problem and now install and update are working as expected.
Here is a Python script I wrote that returns a list of 5 mirrors with the lowest latency to your server/desktop.
The script also provides bandwidth and status information taken from the mirrors' launchpad pages and will generate a new


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We have a alert table which have deviceID as a foreign key. At present one alert just refers to one devive so things works smoothly with join. The problem start now when one alert now is to refer to more then one device. Thus we plan to keep a separate table with this alertID as foreign keys and devices ID in a new table say alertDetails. The issue now comes with this method is that there is no direct method to gain all the devices for a particular alert. Is there any solution or we have to run two separate queries where first one check if a particular type of alertCode(referring to more then one device) then run next query.
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While it is not exactly clear what you need but if you design your tables similar to below then you should be able to retrieve the details that you need.
Then when you query, you could use the following:


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Is there any way that i can show a web part only for current logged in user .I want to achieve this on an out of the box content editor web part .Please suggest me
yes you can, you make what you want in the content editor webpart and surround it with an if function that checks to see if the user is authenticated or not, If they are then do the code and show what you want to the authenticated user and if not an authenticated user do nothing, basicly show nothing or a message.
Its better to make your own webpart in visual studios c# or vb.net and check the user is authenticated like this and then http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1336381/sharepoint-how-to-authenticate-from-c-sharp and do the same logic. The only difference is you would have what you want to do in the creatChildControls and put everything in:
There is no way to get a standard web part added to the common person.aspx to only show for the "owner" of the profile page.
In the general case need a custom webpart which only shows itself when it's the owner, but as far as I understand in your case there is nothing secret in the content you want to show, you just only want to show it on the persons own page, in that case you could include JavaScript to show/hide a section based on it being the same person logged in.
With a Content Editor Web Part you should be able to do Audience Targetting if you only want to display the content to a certain group or groups. You can then target your web part towards that particular audience. (e.g. Managers, Viewers, etc.), and it will only display for those select user groups.
You could create a SharePoint group for just your self, if you wanted to limit it to one person.


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Margaret A. Campbell, age 67, of Fargo, N.D., died Wednesday, Oct. 17, 2012, at the Eventide Lutheran Home. She was born on Aug. 3, 1945, at El Dorado, the daughter of Charles and Mary Dixon. She graduated from Leon High School and graduated from Kansas State University in 1969 with a degree in French. Margaret was married on Aug. 19, 1967, at Leon, to Larry Campbell.
She is survived by her husband, Larry Campbell of the home in Fargo; one son, John Campbell and wife Aaste of Fargo; one daughter, Sara Campbell of San Diego, Calif.; one brother, Charles Dixon of Leon; her grandchildren, Morgan and Ethan Campbell, and Karisa Campbell; and one great grandson, Anthony Campbell-Robinson.
A funeral service was held Wednesday, Oct. 24 at the Holmes-Pfeifley Funeral Home in Riley, Kan., burial was in the Riley Cemetery.
Location, ST | website.com


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Have a pie on us!
- 31 January 2013 15:50
- Posted by @mccarthy_mcfc
Over 1000 people have registered to claim their free pie! Have you?
More than a 1000 season ticket holders have already registered to claim their free pie at the Liverpool game.
Have you? What are you waiting for!
If you are a Platinum or Superbia season ticket holder you could be enjoying a free pie on match day.
All you need to do to claim your pie is register your season ticket with viagogo, the official ticket exchange of Manchester City.
Click here to claim your free pie.
How viagogo works
On viagogo Platinum and Superbia season ticket holders can sell their seat to another fan when they can't make a game.
Selling with viagogo is easy and secure:
- You don't have to give your season card to anyone - the buyer is issued with a paper ticket
- It is free to list your seat
- You get paid direct to your account on match day
- You can charge between 90 - 150% of match day price
Register your season ticket today and get a free pie on match day!


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February 19, 2013 / Category: Fitness Advisor
Did you know that regular exercise has been proven to reduce stress, boost self-esteem, improve sleep and ward off anxiety and feelings of depression? While exercising, the body releases chemicals called endorphins that reduce your perception of pain and trigger a positive feeling in the body that can make you all smiles. Often referred to as a "runner's high," the euphoric feeling can energize you and provide mood-boosting benefits long after a workout has ended.
Go for moderate exercise that you enjoy. To make sure you reap the most mood-boosting benefits, work out regularly instead of sporadically. If you begin working out with exercises you enjoy, you are less likely to skip your workouts. Try biking, dancing, power walking or jogging on the treadmill to start. More good news: weight training can be as effective as an aerobic exercise in elevating your mood. Aim for two to three days a week of resistance training using machines, cables or dumbbells.


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by Lori Deschene, tinybuddha.com "Beauty is how you feel inside, and it reflects in your eyes. It is not something physical." ~Sophia Loren Even though I got Joey McIntyre of The New Kids on the Block to sign my scoliosis back brace in the sixth grade, I still felt ugly wearing it. I didn't … [Read more...]
35 Simple Ways to be Beautiful
September 7, 2010 By


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I'm just beginning to learn topology, and there's something that I realize has been nagging at me since roughly the eight grade.
Why does the Euclidean distance in N-dimensional space involve a bunch of squaring and square-rooting?
I understand it, mind you.
- In 1-space the "distance" is $\sqrt{\Delta x^2}$ is which is just $\Delta x$.
- In two-space, you're doing the Pythagorean theorem.
In 3-space, I visualize it like this: you want to find the distance $\Delta x, \Delta y, \Delta z$ so you:
- let $a = \sqrt{\Delta x^2 + \Delta y^2}$, $a$ is the distance along the $x, y$ plane
- the total distance is $\sqrt{a^2 + \Delta z^2}$
- the above expands to $\sqrt{\Delta x^2 + \Delta y^2 + \Delta z^2}$
To generalize, faced with $n$ dimensions, you pick two, find the distance along those two dimensions, plop a point down there, and repeat (until you have only one dimension left, at which point you're done.)
However, I don't understand why distance in n-space requires repeated squaring. Shouldn't there be a distance formula that requires cubing and the cube-root in three-space, or quading (is that a thing) and quad-roots in four-space, and so on? Just in the interest of symmetry, it seems weird that squares get special treatment.
I know this is a very philosophical question, but is there a way to find Euclidean distances in n-space that involves taking the nth power and nth root instead of repeatedly projecting down a dimension?