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If you were to flip a coin 150 times, what is the probability that it would land tails 7 times in a row? How about 6 times in a row? Is there some forumula that can calculate this probability?
Here are some details; I will only work out the case where you want $7$ tails in a row, and the general case is similar. I am interpreting your question to mean "what is the probability that, at least once, you flip at least 7 tails in a row?"
Let $a_n$ denote the number of ways to flip $n$ coins such that at no point do you flip more than $6$ consecutive tails. Then the number you want to compute is $1 - \frac{a_{150}}{2^{150}}$. The last few coin flips in such a sequence of $n$ coin flips must be one of $H, HT, HTT, HTTT, HTTTT, HTTTTT$, or $HTTTTTT$. After deleting this last bit, what remains is another sequence of coin flips with no more than $6$ consecutive tails. So it follows that
$$a_{n+7} = a_{n+6} + a_{n+5} + a_{n+4} + a_{n+3} + a_{n+2} + a_{n+1} + a_n$$
with initial conditions $a_k = 2^k, 0 \le k \le 6$. Using a computer it would not be very hard to compute $a_{150}$ from here, especially if you use the matrix method that David Speyer suggests.
In any case, let's see what we can say approximately. The asymptotic growth of $a_n$ is controlled by the largest positive root of the characteristic polynomial $x^7 = x^6 + x^5 + x^4 + x^3 + x^2 + x + 1$, which is a little less than $2$. Rearranging this identity gives $2 - x = \frac{1}{x^7}$, so to a first approximation the largest root is $r \approx 2 - \frac{1}{128}$. This means that $a_n$ is approximately $\lambda \left( 2 - \frac{1}{128} \right)^n$ for some constant $\lambda$, which means that $\frac{a_{150}}{2^{150}}$ is roughly
$$\lambda \left( 1 - \frac{1}{256} \right)^{150} \approx \lambda e^{ - \frac{150}{256} } \approx 0.56 \lambda$$
although $\lambda$ still needs to be determined.
Edit: So let's approximate $\lambda$. I claim that the generating function for $a_n$ is
$$A(x) = 1 + \sum_{n \ge 1} a_{n-1} x^n = \frac{1}{1 - x - x^2 - x^3 - x^4 - x^5 - x^6 - x^7}.$$
This is because, by iterating the argument in the second paragraph, we can decompose any valid sequence of coin flips into a sequence of one of seven blocks $H, HT, ...$ uniquely, except that the initial segment does not necessarily start with $H$. To simplify the above expression, write $A(x) = \frac{1 - x}{1 - 2x + x^8}$. Now, the partial fraction decomposition of $A(x)$ has the form
$$A(x) = \frac{\lambda}{r(1 - rx)} + \text{other terms}$$
where $\lambda, r$ are as above, and it is this first term which determines the asymptotic behavior of $a_n$ as above. To compute $\lambda$ we can use l'Hopital's rule; we find that $\lambda$ is equal to
$$\lim_{x \to \frac{1}{r}} \frac{r(1 - rx)(1 - x)}{1 - 2x + x^8} = \lim_{x \to \frac{1}{r}} \frac{-r(r+1) + 2r^2x}{-2 + 8x^7} = \frac{r^2-r}{2 - \frac{8}{r^7}} \approx 1.$$
So my official guess at the actual value of the answer is $1 - 0.56 = 0.44$. Anyone care to validate it?
Sequences like $a_n$ count the number of words in objects called regular languages, whose enumerative behavior is described by linear recurrences and which can also be analyzed using finite state machines. Those are all good keywords to look up if you are interested in generalizations of this method. I discuss some of these issues in my notes on generating functions, but you can find a more thorough introduction in the relevant section of Stanley's Enumerative Combinatorics.
I'll sketch a solution; details are left to you.
As you flip your coin, think about what data you would want to keep track of to see whether $7$ heads have come up yet. You'd want to know: Whether you have already won and what the number of heads at the end of your current sequence was. In other words, there are $8$ states:
$A$: We have not flipped $7$ heads in a row yet, and the last flip was $T$.
$B$: We have not flipped $7$ heads in a row yet, and the last two flips was $TH$.
$C$: We have not flipped $7$ heads in a row yet, and the last three flips were $THH$.
$G$: We have not flipped $7$ heads in a row yet, and the last seven flips were $THHHHHH$.
$H$: We've flipped $7$ heads in a row!
If we are in state $A$ then, with probability $1/2$ we move to state $B$ and with probability $1/2$ we stay in state $A$. If we are in state $B$ then, with probability $1/2$ we move to state $C$ and with probability $1/2$ we move back to state $A$. $\ldots$ If we are in state $G$, with probability $1/2$ we move forward to state $H$ and with probability $1/2$ we move back to state $A$. Once we are in state $H$ we stay there.
In short, define $M$ to be the matrix $$\begin{pmatrix} 1/2 & 1/2 & 1/2 & 1/2 & 1/2 & 1/2 & 1/2 & 0 \\ 1/2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1/2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1/2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1/2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1/2 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1/2 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 1/2 & 1 \end{pmatrix}$$
Then the entries of $M^n$ give the probability of transitioning from one given state to another in $n$ coin flips. (Please, please, please, do not go on until you understand why this works! This is one of the most standard uses of matrix multiplication.) You are interested in the lower left entry of $M^{150}$.
Of course, a computer algebra system can compute this number for you quite rapidly. Rather than do this, I will discuss some interesting math which comes out of this.
(1) The Perron-Frobenius theorem tells us that $1$ is an eigenvalue of $M$ (with corresponding eigenvector $(0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1)^T$, in this case) and all the other eigenvalues are less then $1$. Let $\lambda$ be the largest eigenvalue less than $1$, then probability of getting $7$ heads in a row, when we flip $n$ times, is approximately $1-c \lambda^n$ for some constant $c$.
(2) You might wonder what sort of configurations of coin flips can be answered by this method. For example, could we understand the case where we flip $3$ heads in a row before we flip $2$ tails in a row? (Answer: Yes.) Could we understand the question of whether the first $2k$ flips are a palindrome for some $k$? (Answer: No, not by this method.) In general, the question is which properties can be recognized by finite state automata, also called the regular languages. There is a lot of study of this subject.
(3) See chapter $8.4$ of Concrete Mathematics, by Graham, Knuth and Patashnik, for many more coin flipping problems.
With respect to the exact answer, the recursion is related to the Fibonacci n-Step Numbers (look at the phrase below the table).
With respect to an approximate/asympotic solution: it can also be obtained by probabilistic reasoning.
Instead of throwing N (150) coins, lets consider the (thought) experiment of throwing M alternate runs (a 'run' is a sequence of consecutive tails/heads). That is, instead of throwing N iid Bernoulli random variables (two values with prob=1/2), we throw M iid geometric random variables ( p(1)=1/2 p(2)=1/4 p(3)=1/8 ...) which we interpret as the length of each alternate run of consecutive tails/head in the coins sequence.
The expected value of the the runs (in both experiments) is 2. If we choose M=N/2, then the expected total number of coins (in the seconde experiment) will be N, and so we can expect (informally) that the two experiments are asympotically equivalent (in the original experiment the number of coins is fixed, the number of runs is a random variable; in the second, the reverse; this could be related to the use of different ensembles in statistical physics).
Now, in the modified experiment it's easy to compute the probability that no run exceeds a length L: it's just $(1-1/2^{L})^{N/2}$ If we consider just tails, the number of "trials" would be N/4 instead. This, in our case, (L=150, N=6) gives P=0.44160
The probability for NO run in $n$ flips is the coefficient of $x^n$ of the polynom series of $$G := (p,r,x) \to \frac{1-p^r x^r} {1-x+(1-p)*(p^r)*x^{r+1}}$$ For $p=0.5$, $r=7$, the coefficient of $x^{150}$ is $0.558041257197$.
The probability for One run or more is $0.441958742803$ (44.19%).
Here's a way to get an approximation for the answer via a simulation. It's kinda fun to tweak the numbers and see the probability change.
Run this in
I get the following result:
Which is close to the other answers here.
I would've thought a better approximation would be:
$$λ(1−1 256 ) 144 ≈λe −144/256 ≈0.57λ $$
Since it's not possible to get 7 consecutive heads in the first 6 flips. However this is clearly a worse approximation, assuming the Monte Carlo is accurate.
Here is some code in R to get the answer using the transition matrix method
Poisson approximation. There are $N-L+1$ possible runs of length $L=7$ - each of probability $p=(1/2)^L$. If a run happens, it is followed by expected $\lessapprox1$ more runs - due to positive association. Density of runs is $p$ hence density of run "clumps" (that is locally maximal runs of length at least $7$) is $$\lambda\gtrapprox \frac p 2$$ as runs on average come in pairs and hence $$P(\text{no clumps})\lessapprox e^{-\frac p 2(N-L+1)}\lessapprox 0.570$$ which overestimates $\approx 0.558$ by $2.1\%$. We can improve slightly by noting that the average size of a clump is $\approx L+1$, hence a better estimate is $$\lambda\approx \frac p 2\frac {N-L+1}{N-L}$$ which yields $$P(\text{no clumps})\approx e^{-\frac p 2(N-L+2)}\approx 0.568$$ which overestimates by $\approx 1.7\%$.
Alternatively, note that expected time to see a run of $L$ ones is $T=2(2^L-1)$, hence probability to see a run with $N-L+1$ possible starts is approximately $$(1-\frac 1 T)^{N-L+1}\approx e^{-\frac p 2(N-L+1)(1+p)}$$


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I created a custom navigation bar and a right navigation button using the XIB. This works fine. But I need to to customize the tint color of the right navigation button. At the moment this tint color is the same color as tint color of navigation bar. I need a different color for this right button. Is there any way to change this color?
Thank you.


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14 Mar 2009 11:31 AM #1
Documentation on Ext.air.Notify/App
I cant seem to find any documentation on the following classes as per http://extjs.com/blog/2008/11/24/extplayer-air-and-ext/:
Ext.air.Notify and Ext.air.App
Can anyone give me a URL for this?
18 Mar 2009 6:59 AM #2
The notify class did not make it into the 2.2.1 documentation.
Just download the current SDK and have a look to the file air/src/notify.js
It is not very much and also not hard to understand.
Still questions? Here is the right place to ask. ;-)


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I like to focus on one thing and master it while I'm learning. However, my problem is that I don't focus and I don't like that it just goes like this: Assume that I want to learn PHP. I go and bring a good book and start reading and learning, and when I'm in Chapter 4, for example, I say PHP is not good, let me learn ASP.NET. And I go in the same scenario and then I stop and look for something else.
Can you imagine that is my situation for 3 years now? My friend picked up Java and he is now building good pieces of software and I'm still stuck between my decisions.
What is your recommendation? I'm sure some had a similar experience!


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Which do you think is the best fm including fm10
Which do you think is the best fm including fm10
no doubt about it......FM10 is the best from what we've seen so far in the demo. I can't believe how good this game is. Phenominal work by SI Games
Im going to wait till the full release before including FM10.
I'd say that every version has been better than the last, but thats just my opinion of course! Be prepared for a lot of people to say FM07
Not had a real go at FM 10 yet so I'll go with 07.
you should have said , 'including the fm2010 demo' none of you have played the full game yet
fm09 for me
FM2005 for me! Not many will agree. FM10 has the potential but like people have said it depends on the full version.
FM09, simply because of the long game I had going. I'm sure lots of people's favourite versions are based on their best games.
FM08 is by far my favourite, it was really addictive and it had the best look and layout. 2007 was a very good game, I just feel that 08 was more addictive. 09 was pretty dull to be honest, 3D pitch was badly implemented and the 2D pitch was worse than CM 4's. 10 seems alright, layout is absolutely shocking although hopefully this'll be sorted by the 2009 skin, 3D pitch is alright and 2D is still worse than all the other FMs.
i have actually but lets move on from that , iv allways had a soft spot for 07 .. MISTA!
FM08 is the daddy; to the point with enough detail to feel like the rest; good functionality, and little bugs....once patched obviously!
without a doubt FM07 was the best the whole layout, look, feel was spot on it felt like a a true Management game. I just cant put my finger on why 08, 09 dont appeal to me the skin maybe the awful background they just felt to clunky and cold if that makes sens:confused:e.
Never really got fully into 07 as it was my first game,but then became all excited for 08 and had my best game on it.09 sucked big time,and an excellent 10 was needed,and it is looking like that,till now.
i'll wait the full release, but i think that fm2010 is going to make history
Wouldnt of said this a month ago but fm08 so far fm10 doesnt come into it yet coz the full game isnt out yet!! really enjoying 08 am 6 seasons into my hayes and yeading game managed to get to league 1 so far had always been put of a long game by people saying the regens were bad but IMO there isnta problem am sure fm10 will be the eventual winner tho cant wait till 30th am on nights all weekend so 48 hours of peace and the new fm coming my way
FM 10 is the best so far from what ive seen on the demo. We will see if the full game fullfills that, but it seems it will.
FM 07, i have not played the fm10 demo.
Lol cm 01/02???
It's hard to say really. I want to say FM10 because as far as the demo goes it's miles ahead of the rest, but the full game could be a disaster for all we know. It could fall apart every time after one season, regens/newgens might be completely rubbish again, might never be able to build a good squad etc etc (yes, this is all folly but we don't know).
I'm going to say FM07 as that's the one I enjoyed the most and got furthest into.
My best game was on fm09 but i'd actually say fm08 or maybe 07 was the better game. The way the players moved around and the way tactics worked seemed more realistic and you could imagine it actually happening on those ones. The 3D was quite good but the realism suffered in the transition I think but I bet fm10 will be really good.
cm4 for me
but this one could be my new best.must play the full game before saying something
09 was my favourite so far, but my best saves were on 08.
If 10 is as good as the demo suggests, it'll blow the previous versions out of the water.
Favourite FM was 07. Loved that game dearly.
Favourite overall was the majestic CM02/03. 36 days of play in one calendar year can't be wrong. I worshipped that bloody game.
By the looks of it FM10 is the best but before that I would say 07 or 08.
The best FM is the one after


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Heard on the Field
Pacquiao: Re-Election, Then Return to the Ring
Manny Pacquiao will return to the ring in September or October, promoter Bob Arum said on Wednesday. The fight will be in Singapore against Juan Manuel Marquez, Timothy Bradley or Brandon Rios. "Although [Pacquiao] is working out every morning, he is very focused on the May elections right now," Arum said. Pacquiao is running unopposed for re-election to the Philippines congress, his wife Jinkee is campaigning for vice-governor of Sarangani province, and his brother, Rogelio, has his hat in the ring for a congressional seat.
—Gordon Marino
Norway Loses a Legend
The Olympic legend known to Norwegians as "Kong Glad," or King Happy, died Wednesday at age 90. Hjalmar Andersen collected three speed-skating gold medals at the Oslo Olympics in 1952. Amid the hardships following World War II, Andersen's heroics inspired a nation of poor fisherman. "I remember sitting glued to the radio during the Olympics," Nils Arne Eggen, a football coach from Trondheim, said Wednesday to Norwegian Broadcasting. Norway leads the all-time gold and overall Winter Olympics medal counts, but Andersen remained a visible and beloved figure.
—John D. Stoll
- 10


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Traffic systems are part of a larger system
Rethinking how we get from point A to point B means applying new technology and new policies to old assumptions and habits. It means improving the drivers' experience, not just where and when they drive. And it could lead to advances in the cars we drive, the roads we drive them on, and the public transit we might take instead.
For example, seeing a city's traffic in a consolidated, real-time view can help anticipate problems, alleviate congestion and decrease emergency-response times. IBM Intelligent Transportation (US), a compliment to the Intelligent Operations Center for Smarter Cities, enables advanced analysis of the many factors that make up traffic flow, and gives planners and responders a comprehensive look at the state of their city's roadways on ground level.
IBM 2011 Commuter Pain Index
For the fourth year in a row, IBM has performed a comprehensive survey of 8,042 drivers in 20 cities. Drivers were asked a total of 27 questions, such as the duration of their longest commute, their best and worst roadways and how gas prices affect their choices.
The results have been compiled into our annual Commuter Pain Index (US), which ranks the emotional and economic toll of commuting in each city on a scale of one to 100―with 100 being the most onerous. The Index reveals a tremendous disparity in the pain of the daily commute from city to city. For example, the commute in Beijing is four times more painful than the commute in Los Angeles or New York, and seven times more painful than the commute in Stockholm, according to the Index. Download the full report from the IBM Institute for Business Value. (PDF, 739KB)
Here's how the cities stack up:
Smarter transportation (US) means better systems for rail, air, public transit and freight. These can improve our cities, our economy and our daily lives.
Improving mobility for the 21st century
IBM Chairman Samuel J. Palmisano addresses members of the Intelligent Transportation Society of America about the opportunities for a smarter transportation system.


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I'm trying to play X-Wing Alliance on my Windows XP with Core 2 Quad Q6600 and GeForce 8800GT, but I have to disable all graphics acceleration and I'm still getting major rendering glitches. Did anyone manage to properly configure this game (and/or the system) to run on modern hardware? If not, which virtual machine will most likely support this game?
You'll probably need to play around with XWA Hacker, from a guy named Reimar. You can obtain it at the XWA Upgrade forums. The thread I linked to has to do with graphical glitches, which sounds like what you want.
I believe I had this working a few years ago on my machine, so I think it's possible.
Another path you could take is to try emulating it through DOSBox or virtualizing an older operating system. One of those should work well for you.
This may be a little off topic, but yesterday I successfully started X-WING in a MS-DOS 6.22 virtual machine, set up with VMWare Player. At first I tried VirtualBox but EMM386 didn't work properly. With VMWare I had no problem to configure the OS to have enough memory to start the game. I assume X-Wing Alliance would run with VMWare too. Of course you may stumble across other issues than me. Let us know how you did it in the end.


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My HP pavilion g6 notebook has the following configuration:
Intel core i5 processor 6 gb RAM 1 gb dedicated ATI graphics.
It has dual boot system with windows 7 home basic 64 bit and ubuntu 11.10 64 bit installed. The installation process was ok. And i am facing no problem in using the ubuntu distro. But the problem that i am facing is that...whenever i am shutting down my notebook, after resuming the notebook, i am getting a message that "thermal power overheating.....". For windows 7, there is no problem during shutdown. Only for ubuntu and any other linux, it is giving the problem.
Please tell me how to get rid off this problem.
Thanks, Biplab Banerjee


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GENESEO, N.Y. - The State University of New York at Geneseo has received the Collaborative Program of the Year Award from the Association of College Unions International for its initiative, "Stand Up for One Another."
Geneseo designed the comprehensive program to train students to be responsible bystanders by looking out for one another and intervening when friends are involved in questionable behavior. The program was created by Chip Matthews, director of the college union and activities at Geneseo, in collaboration with Kim Harvey, assistant director of residence life, and Wendi Kinney, coordinator of Greek affairs and off campus living.
"I applaud the leadership of the program creators in achieving this recognition and other student life staff members who provided valuable assistance in implementing the initiative," said Robert Bonfiglio, vice president for campus and student life. "The bystander program is an important action the college has taken that will have long-term impact on assuring student safety."
Representatives from Geneseo's offices of College Union and Activities area, Residence Life and Greek Affairs initiated bystander intervention and facilitator training last spring for student leaders. They discussed the college's values of community, diversity and integrity with new Geneseo students at the beginning of this school year, stressing the importance of standing up for one another and taking action when necessary.
Media contact:
David Irwin
Media Relations Manager
(585) 245-5516


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How to Diagnose and Repair a Noisy Rear End - Teething ProblemsWritten by on January 23, 2014 2003 Dodge Ram Differential Issues
Here's a scenario for you: One day while you're driving to work, you are abruptly alerted to the fact that something is not happy in the rear end of your ride. Maybe something has either A) broken, or B) maybe you haven't checked the fluid in your Mopar's rear end in quite a long time. Either way, by abruptly alerted, we mean that a strange noise is now being emitted. As with any mechanical parts, a strange noise is usually the first sign of trouble. But, knowing the kind of noise you hear can help you determine what the cause of the trouble actually is. In the case of a rear end, the noise can be a humming sound, a growl, or even a knock. Although any noise is bad, the noise does help in diagnosis. But, making sure what activity is being performed when the noise actually occurs is another piece of the puzzle. Do you hear the noise when the vehicle runs straight, or is the noise produced when the vehicle is taking a turn? Does it get louder when you speed up, cruise, or slow down? Ring and pinion gear-noise changes with vehicle speed and is usually unaffected by loads and turns. It is difficult to diagnose the drive axle and the differential noise by running the vehicle in the shop with the wheels raised, road testing is the best method to diagnose such noise in the vehicle.
In regards to our parts-hauling Ram, our growling noise came about one afternoon when making a run to the local parts store. It started out as a faint growl, but got progressively worse as we continued to drive. At first, we thought that a bearing was going bad, but until we really started to diagnose the situation, we wouldn't know.
Like I said, in our case, the noise was more of a growl, but there are several different noises that you might hear from your rear end, and knowing what they mean can help with the diagnosis.
Humming Noise
A humming noise is often caused by an incorrectly installed ring and pinion gear that needs to be adjusted. Incorrect installation of the ring and pinion gear prevents proper tooth contact and can cause rapid tooth wear and gear failure. This humming noise converts into growling noise when the wear increases. Humming noise can also be due to worn out bearings, which need to be replaced.
Noise When Accelerating/Decelerating
A noise that gets louder while you're vehicle is accelerating, probably means that there is heavy contact of the pinion-gear teeth on the outer ends of the ring-gear teeth (pinion gear not set deep enough). Conversely, a noise that is louder when the vehicle is coasting, probably means there is not enough tooth contact (too much backlash).
Knocking Noise
A knocking or clicking sound may be due to the splines on the axle shafts being worn out, in which case the defective shaft has to be replaced. Another reason for this may be chipped teeth on one or more of the gears in the differential. Again, they'll need to be replaced.
Noise When Turning
A noise that is heard when the vehicle is taking a turn is usually due to trouble in the axle shaft or a problem inside the differential itself. A bad axle bearing is usually the main reason for noise when cornering. When the noise comes on the right side of the car during a right turn, it usually means that the outside axle bearing is worn. Making a turn in the opposite direction will usually reduce or eliminate the noise from a bad axle bearing.
If the cause of the noise is inside the differential, this can be due to either tight-meshing pinion gears, or too much backlash on these gears. Another cause could be worn out differential-case bearings, and these can also cause noise when turning. These parts are inside the differential and move relative to each other during turning of the vehicle.
What's What?
In order to properly set up or diagnose a differential problem, you should know a few easy terms.
This is the term used to describe the clearance between the ring and pinion gears and is usually measured in thousandths-of-an-inch by a dial indicator.
The drive side of the tooth on the ring gear is the side of the tooth that is contacted by the pinion gear when the vehicle is accelerating. The coast side is the side of the tooth on the ring gear that is contacted by the pinion gear when the vehicle is slowing down.
This is how you know if you have the gears set up correctly. Pattern refers to the visible tooth-contact area on the ring gear where the ring gear and the pinion gear contact each other. The pattern is made visible with contact dye.
The pinion bearings and the differential's carrier bearings must run a little tight. This is similar to the way a wheel bearing should be loaded during assembly. The tapered bearings are adjusted (loaded), in order to eliminate any play within the bearing, and then they are set just slightly tighter. This "preloading" is measured by checking the torque that is required to turn the bearings with a dial torque wrench.
Pinion Depth
This is set with pinion shims, and controls how the pinion contacts the ring gear in relation to the axle center. Pinion depth can be made deeper or shallower by adding or removing shims.
Crush Sleeve
Not all Mopar rear ends use a crush sleeve, but for those that do, it's basically a soft bushing or spacer that is used to hold the pinion bearings apart and offer some resistance for the pinion nut. When installed, the pinion nut is tightened down, crushing the "crush sleeve," until proper pinion preload adjustment is achieved. The downside of having a crush sleeve, is that if you over tighten the pinion, you have to replace the sleeve—it's not reusable.
The Gear
Finally, the toe of the gear is the portion of the tooth surface that is towards the center of the ring gear. The heel of the gear tooth is the portion of the tooth surface at the outer edge of the gear. The top land of a gear tooth is the surface of the top of each tooth
Time for a Change
Every gear has a required characteristic pattern that needs to be established so that it doesn't make noise when driving, and so it lasts as long as possible. When installing new gears and/or making pinion gear-position changes (pinion depth), shims should be changed in the range of .002-inch to .004-inch at a time, until the correct pattern has been obtained.
When a change in backlash is required, shims approximately 11⁄2 times the amount of change required are typically needed to bring the gears into spec. For example, if the backlash needs to be changed by .004 inch, the shim pack should be changed by .006 inch as a starting point. The actual amount of change obtained will vary depending upon the gear ratio and gear size.
A high backlash (too much), is corrected by moving the differential/ring gear closer to the pinion gear. A low backlash (not enough), is corrected by moving the differential/ring gear away from the pinion. These corrections are made by switching shims from one side of the differential case to the other, or by threaded adjusters (depending on rear end).
When making any changes, you should note that two variables are involved. Example: If you have the backlash set correctly to specifications and you change the pinion depth shim, you may have to readjust the backlash to get the correct specification before eventually checking the wear pattern on the gears.
Like we previously mentioned, we needed to do a little diagnosis and repair, and we thought this would be the perfect opportunity to show you guys what it takes to diagnose and repair your differential.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
01 In order to remove the axles, you need to first drain the oil, remove the cover, and remove the Spider gear "pin." This allows you to push the axles inward, so the c-clips can be removed. Once the c-clips are out, simply slide the axles out of the axle tube.02 Our Dana rear is fitted with these adjuster locks. Like the name implies, they keep the "backlash" adjusters from moving when the backlash is set. Remove them and then mark the bearing caps so you get them back in the right place when you reassemble.03 With the 91⁄4 Dana rear, a special tool is required to loosen and tighten the side-load adjusters. The tool is inserted through the axle tube and into the adjuster.04 Like we said, a growling noise came about one afternoon when making a run to the local parts store. We pulled the rear cover, and diagnosed the differential. What we found was that the pin for the spider gears had become worn, allowing the spider gears to move around. Figuring that if we dug deeper, we would find more issues, we decided that it was time for a replacement.05 To replace the worn-out open carrier, we contacted West Coast Differentials and ordered an Eaton Truetrac differential and a new set of gears. The Truetrac is helical-gear driven. The helical gear design eliminates the need for consumable parts like clutches, resulting in a maintenance free unit.06 Since our Ram has antilock brakes, we need to reuse the tone ring. The tone ring is part of the ABS, and is a gear-like ring that mounts to the differential—under the ring gear, and measures the speed of the vehicle's wheels. Inside the rear end case is a wheel sensor. The sensor is a permanent magnet with a coil around it. This is a magnetic pickup that senses the individual teeth on the tone ring. As each tooth passes under the sensor, it trips the magnetic field. This creates a single-direction current in the coil windings inside the sensor. The voltage signal then travels to the ABS control module. This is how brake pressure is modulated so the wheels will not skid.08 The pinion gear will not come out until you remove the front driveshaft yoke/flange. Once you get the flange/yoke removed, take the pinion gear out the back. It might need a little persuading with a large mallet.<stong>09 If you aren't placing the differential and gears, shims would not be an issue. Since we are, we need to shim the pinion gear bearing accordingly. The pinion gear typically has the required pinion-depth measurement etched on its face. With a pinion depth gauge, setting this depth is easy. Without a pinion depth tool, it's impossible to know exactly what shims are needed. A good starting point is to use the same amount of shims as the original pinion did. Without a depth gauge, it's going to be a trial and error install to get the depth correct. </stong>
11 The differential side bearings don't require shims before installing them to the differential, but you will need the press.13 Place the differential in the housing, and loosely install the bearing caps so you can make side-load adjustments. You will need a magnetic base and a dial indicator for this next step. Stick the base to the housing, and set the "finger" of the dial gauge on any tooth face of the ring gear. One you are set, move the differential back and forth so that it rocks between two teeth on the pinion gear. This is your back lash. Adjust the side load adjusters to get the back lash to specification.14 Once you get the backlash where you feel comfortable, smear some marking dye on the ring gear, and spin the differential a couple of revolutions to "mark" the dye.15 This wear mark shows that the pinion is too deep in the housing, and we need to add more shims. Take it apart, and start over. Once you get the depth set to within spec, install the crush sleeve if required, and torque the pinion nut to spec. (Hint: It's a big number.)17 To keep the axles from moving in and out—and eventually falling out, The Truetrac uses this spacer to hold them in place. Simply slide it between the installed axles.19 Put the cover on it, and fill it with the right oil. Most rear-wheel drive vehicles require 75W, 80W or 90W "hypoid" gear oil. Vehicles equipped with limited-slip or Sure Grip differentials require special friction-modified gear oil, or an additive. But, according to the guys at AMSOIL, their synthetic gear lube doesn't.


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'Quintessential Mayor' Mourned at Funeral
As police pallbearers carried former Mayor Ed Koch's casket from a Manhattan funeral service Monday to the tune of "New York, New York," thousands of mourners stood and applauded.
Edward I. Koch, New York City's 105th mayor who served three terms from 1978 through 1989, will be laid to rest in the afternoon at Trinity Church Cemetery in upper Manhattan. He died Friday at age 88, following a series of hospitalizations.
New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, mayoral predecessors David Dinkins and Rudolph Giuliani, and former President Bill Clinton were among the powerful figures who attended Mr. Koch's funeral service at Temple Emanu-El on the Upper East Side. The audience was full of politicians, from members of congress to the candidates vying for mayor this year.
"No mayor, I think, has ever embodied the spirit of New York City like he did. And I don't think anyone ever will," Mr. Bloomberg said in his eulogy of Mr. Koch. "Tough and loud, brash and irreverent, full of humor and chutzpah–he was our city's quintessential mayor."
Mr. Bloomberg, who was much praised by Mr. Koch, described the former mayor as the city's Moses, "just with a little less hair."
Remembering Ed Koch
- MTA Halts Idea of Honoring Koch at a Station
- Remembrances: Three-Term New York Mayor Ed Koch Dies
- Legacy: City Turned Under Koch's Leadership
- His Bridge—but Still Called Another Name
- 'How'm I Doing?' 10 Memorable Koch Quotes
- Urban Gardner: A Mayor and His City
- At Grave, Words From WSJ's Daniel Pearl | Video
- When Koch Gave FBI a 'New York No'
- On Day He Died, a New Film About Koch
"He led us out of darkness and he gave us hope. And while he may not have parted the Red Sea, he did break a subway strike by standing on a bridge and shouting words of encouragement," Mr. Bloomberg said.
Mr. Clinton, who traveled back to New York from Japan to attend the funeral service, said Mr. Koch had a "big brain but he had a bigger heart."
"We miss you so much because we all know we're doing a lot better because you lived and served," the former president added.
James Gill, Mr. Koch's law partner and longtime friend, recounted how New Yorkers would often approach the former mayor on the street and urge him to run for City Hall again. " 'Mayor, we need you back. You got to run again.' To which he would invariably reply, 'No! The people threw me out and now the people must be punished,' " Mr. Gill said, eliciting laughter.
Mr. Koch lost a 1989 bid for the Democratic mayoral nomination to Mr. Dinkins, the city's first black mayor. But after as his career in elective office ended, the former mayor remained a force on the New York political stage, endorsing candidates in local, state and national races, appearing often on television to discuss current events and even writing reviews of movies.
Diane Coffey, another longtime friend who worked with Mr. Koch at City Hall, recounted how the two once found themselves in a bitter argument. Ms. Coffey said she was so upset with Mr. Koch that she refused to speak to him for three days.
Ed Koch: Giant of New York City Politics
On the fourth day, she said, Mr. Koch told her: " 'This chill between us is upsetting the whole office. People are uneasy and they don't like it. It must end.' Said I, 'You owe me an apology.' 'Ok,' said Ed, 'I'm sorry. Now can we be friends again?' "
"So," Ms. Coffey remembered, "he opens the door and says to everyone in the outside office breathlessly awaiting the outcome, 'She was wrong but I apologized."
At the end of his remarks, Mr. Bloomberg said it's not hard to picture Mr. Koch getting up to heaven, meeting God and inquiring with a big smile, "How'd I do?"
"I've talked to God and I know what's happening," Mr. Bloomberg said. "God said what so many people around the city and the country, and all over the world, have been saying over the last few days: Ed, you did great. You really did great."
Former New York Gov. George Pataki, a Republican, described the service as "absolutely perfect."
"To hear New York, New York, played at the end as he was being carried out, it couldn't have been more moving," he said.
U.S. Sen. Charles Schumer said, "You could have a funeral service that would go on and still be entertaining—there are so many things to say and so many stories about him. It's just amazing."
Write to Michael Howard Saul at firstname.lastname@example.com


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A little bit of background information: I'm planning to write a little booklet or web page about CPU/computer architecture, basically for my own education, because we didn't cover it in depth in college. I feel like I should be learning a lot more about the fundamentals about how computers work, if I want to be a better programmer.
The idea is to present the workings of a CPU by describing it from the ground up. Starting at simple electrical circuits, then semiconductors, transistors etc. From my school physics class I remember that I was very often left with a lot of gaps about how different concepts are linked together. I want to avoid this.
So here's my question: How does an electrical field really work? How come that an electron can exert a force on another electron without physical contact? What is it in an electron that creates the field, where does the energy for doing the work come from?


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Issue Date:
June, 2011
The June issue of Budget & Tax News highlights on Page 1 efforts by Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder to close the state's $1.8 billion FY 2010 budget deficit without a net tax hike.
Also in this issue:
- Washington State lawmakers are about to prove the adage that there is no such thing as a temporary tax, as they are on the verge of reauthorizing several taxes scheduled to expire next year.
- The Obama administration has proposed raising the airport Passenger Facility Charge from a maximum $4.50 per flight to $7 per flight. Higher air travel fares are likely to result.
- Democratic Gov. Bev Perdue is butting heads with Republican leaders in the North Carolina General Assembly over her proposal to renew a temporary 1 cent sales tax hike enacted by lawmakers two years ago.
- Maryland lawmakers have imposed a 50 percent increase in the tax on alcoholic beverages. The state tax on liquor, beer, and wine would jump from 6 percent to 9 percent, effective July 1, taking an estimated $85 million more away from consumers.
- Japan lowered its corporate income tax in April, leaving the United States with the highest corporate tax rate in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the group of 34 advanced countries with economies most comparable to ours.
- New research indicates 2011 will be the first year that federal aid becomes the largest component of state revenues. Already 27 states rely on federal aid as their primary source of funding, and the report's author describes this year's level as a critical breaking point.
Newspaper Articles in this Issue
No matching newspaper articles


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The July issue of Health Care News reports on heavy-handed efforts by the Department of Health and Human Services to force the ouster of Forest Laboratories CEO Howard Solomon--the first time the federal government has used an arcane provision of the law permitting it to exclude individuals or entities who commit certain crimes from dealing with the federal government. While Forest Labs had entered into a plea agreement with the feds in a case concerning its marketing of antidepressant drugs, Solomon was never charged or implicated in the proceedings in any way.
Also in this issue:
- Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal has proposed a fundamental reform of the state's Medicaid system to help address his state's budget deficit.
- A new law in Florida demands expert witnesses be approved by the state before taking the stand in a medical malpractice case.
- Restaurants and other high-end establishments in San Francisco--Nancy Pelosi's district--have been getting waivers from Obamacare.
- Attempts by Congressional Democrats, led by Sen. Kent Conrad, to offer a budget have resulted in no alternative to Congressman Paul Ryan's proposals for Medicare and entitlement reform.
- Comparative effectiveness research could result in shorter lifespans and higher costs, according to a new report.
- Disagreements among state officials continue about whether to implement or resist developing state insurance exchanges under Obamacare rules.
- A new law in Maine should allow for several market innovations to offer better insurance options to consumers and employers.
Newspaper Articles in this Issue
No matching newspaper articles


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I have been trying to get Ubuntu 12.04.1 (desktop-i386) running on my laptop. Have burned a boot-able CD containing 12.04.1. It allows me the option of Trying out Ubuntu before installing, but the installation fails. It cites an
input/output error Errno5.
I have tried burning another disc and using another USB disc drive, but they all give the same result as above.
I then downloaded the
alternate-i386 and loaded it onto a boot-able USB flash-drive. During installation, it produced an error as well, and selecting the option to check the CD's integrity produced the following:
The ./pool/main/1/linux/nic-usb-modules-3.2.0-29-generic-pae-di_3.2.0-29.46_i386.udeb file failed the MD5 checksum verification.
Your CD-ROM or this file may have been corrupted.
Proceed to check the integrity of the aforementioned CD produced the same message as well. Any help guys? Really want to get Ubuntu up and running.


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Home > Mitsubishi > Mitsubishi Concept-RA 2008
Below you will find the high resolution car wallpaper for Mitsubishi Concept-RA 2008. You may use the car wallpaper for any of the following widescreen screen resolutions:
1920x1200 | 1680x1050 | 1440x900 | 1280x800
Published On : Dec 09, 2010
Published On : Dec 09, 2010
Image Copyright : MitsubishiMitsubishi Concept-RA 2008 - Car Wallpaper at Dieselstation
Mitsubishi Concept-RA 2008
The Mitsubishi Concept-RA offers a unique interpretation of the sporty coupe. This two-seat pure coupe concept explores the transversely mounted, front engine packaging theme. Generous helpings of technology create a vehicle that combines exotic appeal, outstanding, fun-to-drive dynamics and heightened sensitivity for the environment


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Take two graphs (of bounded valency) or manifolds (f bounded geometry) $G$ and $G'$. Assume there is a quasi-isometry $f:G \to G'$, and assume the Poisson or Martin boundary of $G$ is known, what may one say about the Poisson or Martin boundary of $G'$ (or how does $f$ transforms Poisson or Martin boundaries)?
EDIT: a map $f:X \to Y$ between two metric spaces $(X,d_X)$ and $(Y,d_Y)$ is a quasi-isometry if $\exists C \geq 0$ and $D \geq 1$ such that
$\forall x,x' \in X$, $D^{-1} d_Y \big( f(x), f(x') \big) - C \leq d_X(x,x') \leq D d_Y \big( f(x), f(x') \big) + C $
$\forall y \in Y, d_Y \big(f(X),y \big) < C$


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10 Stress-Busting Tips from Moms Like You
9 of 11
Plan a Girls' Night Out
Time with your girlfriends is a major stress-busting treat. A night on the town without kids or spouses can be tough to arrange but is well worth the effort. Take out those calendars and make it work, ladies! You'll look forward to your girls' night for weeks.
One work-at-home parent says: "When you're a work-at-home mom, your home is your office, your castle, your playground. A night out with the girls offers relief from the daily routine. I think the key here is to make it a regularly scheduled night out."
More on: Mom's Health and Fitness


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Calvin, among his other points, includes the point that when we are saved, we are irresistibly drawn to God and that there is nothing we can do to prevent this or cause this. What is the Biblical basis for this claim?
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There are several scriptures that illustrate that God draws his elect to him.
These were cribbed from this site
It seems to me that the scriptural proof for needing to be drawn to Christ is pretty clear. However, the Irresistible nature of that drawing power could be questioned. The Romans 8 passage and John 6:37 are clear on this however. Those who are called will be drawn.


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During Aria's side missions to unite the gangs, you're told to free Jona Sederis so that Aria will gain the allegiance of the Eclipse mercs.
In my previous playthrough, I instead told Sayn to take over the Eclipse, as he seemed like less of a psycho killer.
This time around though, I'm playing a renegade Shepard, and I'm considering freeing Jona.
Will she kill anyone important to me? Will the Eclipse be more powerful as a result? What exactly happens if I free her?


text: At 08:43 AM 04/28/01 -0700, Prosper Correa wrote: >The question is that Swish let the user to get some properties in the results (cf. -p option). >So, if the returned property is not the one, it would mean that such option >is not usefull ;-) > >I think that returning the rearest property would be a good solution for the >moment. Hi, Currently, there's no way to know which property is the nearest to the word in your query. There's no word position stored with each property. And properties are not stored with the context of the meta tag it's found within, either. Again, Swish returns documents. You are trying to index sub documents (basically, documents within documents), it seems. Swish can do this with the LST type of indexing, or by splitting up your documents in some way. There's been three options suggested to you how to solve this: 1) spilt up your docs, 2) use LST (by removing the "root" tag), or 3) use the -S prog feature to separate your docs. Option number three means you don't need to alter your source documents. Now, how swish behaves when more than one property of the same name is found in a document is a topic of discussion. Should all be stored/returned, or just the first/last? If all then how should they be joined in the output so you can tell the different properties apart? Bill Moseley mailto:firstname.lastname@example.com on Sat Apr 28 16:32:14 2001


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News and Events Archives
Monday, February 06, 2006
(Columbia, MO) - Columbia College will soon open a new military campus to serve Fort Drum located outside of Watertown, N.Y.
The college will begin classes March 27. Registration will begin Feb. 20.
Fort Drum, home of the Army�s 10th Mountain Division, serves more than 20,000 soldiers, military dependents and contractors on post.
"Fort Drum will be a perfect fit for Columbia College," said Mike Randerson, Columbia College vice president for Adult Higher Education. "The college already operates a campus at Hancock Field in Syracuse, N.Y., and with the addition of Fort Drum, Columbia College will have 30 campuses across the nation, half of which are located on military bases. We understand well the needs of military students."
Columbia College-Fort Drum will offer majors in psychology, criminal justice administration, interdisciplinary studies and history.
Columbia College will be associating with the SUNY colleges in the North Country, a consortium of two- and four-year state colleges and universities. Columbia College also will seek articulation agreements or equivalency guides with consortium members serving the installation. Civilians also will be able to attend classes on Ft. Drum with proper base access.
Columbia College was founded in Missouri in 1851 as Christian Female College, the first women�s college west of the Mississippi River to be chartered by a state legislature. The college changed its name to Columbia College in 1970 when it became coeducational. The college began serving nontraditional military and adult students in 1975, the same year the Hancock Field campus was established. Today, Columbia College serves more than 20,000 students across the country through its Day Campus, Evening Campus, Nationwide Campuses, Graduate Program and Online Campus.


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The fitness industry makes millions from the idea that people need a "facility" in which to exercise, when, in reality, all that's needed is knowledge of a few, specific exercises. In my opinion, the following workouts are staples for any exercise regimen. They're simple, straightforward and can be performed nearly anywhere, particularly outdoors.
Add these exercises to any cardio routine (which can also be done outdoors) like running, jumping rope, climbing stairs, etc., and you can be well on your way to sculpting the sort of body that you want:
The Push-Up (Chest, Triceps, Abdomen)
Beloved by convicts and insecure adolescents, alike, push-ups are by far my favorite exercise and are a great way to build up strength and stability in the shoulder girdle, as well as in the chest (pectorals) and arms (triceps).
The great thing about push-ups, too, is the way in which Push-Ups also function as a core exercise, integrating the use of the lumbo-pelvic-hip-complex to work your midsection, as well as your arms. (#nerdtidbit)
How To Do Them:
With your feet together, legs extended and hands planted flatly beneath your shoulders, raise your hips to the height of your shoulders while bracing your abs (pulling the navel in toward the spine). Lower your body toward the ground by bending your elbows, keeping your head in line with your shoulders, Push your body back up to the starting position, then repeat.
If You Can't...
Try kneeling push-ups if the traditional ones are too tough. This exercise is essentially the same as the regular push-up, but is often better for those who are just beginning.
The difference is that, instead of raising your hips, you'll have your knees on the ground (balancing on them) and your ankles crossed, behind. Keeping the hips raised, slightly, so as to engage the abs, again, bend your elbows, lower your body as far as you can, push through the heels of your hands and return to the upright, starting position.
Watch Out For:
- The Low-Back Sag - Many will sag their backs when performing these, but if you're doing them right, your hips should be raised almost to the height of your shoulders, allowing you to feel engagement in the abs, as well.
The Pull-Up (Lats - huge muscles that connect your shoulder blades to your ribs, Biceps)
Ah, the dreaded pull-up. Few exercises make the average American feel as wimpy.
But there's a reason for this: most people, when moving throughout the day, rarely do any physical activity which requires them to pull anything. If we are pulling, we're usually only ever using our biceps (e.g. picking up groceries, luggage, etc.) without any engagement of the muscles of the back. Nevertheless, these muscles are important not only for appearance's sake, but also because of the ways in which they support the torso.
Fortunately, there are pull-up bars, everywhere. Go to your local playground and try these out. If you struggle with the completion of one rep (that is to say, if you can't do a pull-up, at all) try these:
If you're already good at pull-ups, however, make sure your form's right.
How To Do Them:
Place your hands on a horizontal bar, shoulder-width apart.
Extend your arms (so that you're hanging) keep your head positioned over your shoulders and pull straight back up, pulling your collarbone to the height of the bar. Lower your body and repeat.
If You Can't...
If you find these difficult, start with "negatives:" hop up to the height of the bar (at the ending position of the exercise, where the collarbone is at bar height) and, extending your arms, lower your body as slowly as possible.
Negatives are good for building up muscle by stimulating your ability to hold your own weight during the phase in which your muscle lengthens, (the eccentric phase of the exercise). From there, it's easier to actually pull yourself up.
Watch Out For:
- Excessive Neck Tension
Regardless of how few of these you can do, resist any urge to push your head up to the height of the bar. Do as many as you can, with your head aligned with your shoulders, let your Lats/biceps do the work, instead.
- Lower Body Instability
Generally, try as best you can to keep your lower body from swinging (hips beneath shoulders) during pull-ups. Bend your knees, if you have to, but don't raise your knees in an effort to elevate your body. This, too, will allow for better activation of your lats and biceps and prompt your core to work, as well.
Think of a push-up position, except that you're balancing on your forearms instead of on the palms of your hands.
(Plant your elbows directly beneath your shoulders, balance on your toes with your feet a few inches apart, and raise your hips to the height of your shoulders. Brace your lower abdomen and hold).
The plank is a fantastic isometric exercise for the transverse and lower rectus abdominis, muscles that are geared toward keeping


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5 Geek Fantasies You Won't Believe You Can Buy
#2. Go to Middle-earth
The Fantasy:
Not content to be a single unbelievable fantasy setting, Middle-earth has all the variety you would expect from a fully formed magical world. It has vast plains, huge forests, craggy mountains, Hobbiton and Rivendell and a giant fire-belching volcano for the melting of finger-eating lunatics. It's a fantasy geek's dream vacation, yet there's no way it could exist anywhere on Earth outside of tons of graph paper and dice with too many sides.
Janet Galore
Such a dream can only be conjured by Mountain Dew: Code Red and whole bags of Cheetos.
The Reality:
Of course, thousands of Lord of the Rings fans who are reading this have already screamed "THAT WAS NEW ZEALAND, YOU PHILISTINES!" For some of our fans, that's literally the only reason they know about the island between Australia and the ass end of nowhere where sheep outnumber people 8 to 1. As a result, a whole cottage industry popped up out of nowhere to cater to every elf-loving fan with a substantial travel budget. Companies like this (and this) offer trips ranging anywhere from an afternoon in Hobbiton to a full 13-day tour that takes you to Gondor, Mount Doom and all the other main locations from the movies.
Joshua Eckert
Jonas Lamis
The Misty Mountains.
Emilee Rader
Sean Bean's grave (19 of 22).
These companies even have fantasy armor and weapons for guests to be photographed in. Want to take a picture in front of Bag End with Glamdring? No worries. Need a full armor set and Narsil for a photo to impress your buddies on the fencing team? They've got you covered.
They have to cut your shins out to fit the dwarf armor on. It's totally worth it.
Obviously, the scenery is missing a lot of CGI towers and continuously erupting volcanoes, but sharp-eyed fans will recognize the landscape from their favorite scenes. If nothing else, the tour guides will make goddamned sure of it.
Jessica Spengler
Here's the place where either Saruman assumed power or this guy had a picnic.
#1. Have Sex With Alien Women
The Fantasy:
As countless websites too depressing to research prove, there's no shortage of people on the Internet who experienced their sexual awakenings during Star Trek reruns and Princess Leia's bikini scenes in Return of the Jedi. As such, they can no longer achieve maximum sexual satisfaction with women who aren't doing some kind of exotic sci-fi cosplay.
Kyle Nishioka
Unfortunately, unless there's some unintentionally hilarious dating service out there that we aren't aware of, there's no way this particular part of their personalities can ever be sated in the form of actual sex. Or is there?
The Reality:
Right down the road from Area 51 is the proposed site of a sci-fi themed brothel that will let you explore extraterrestrial bathing suit zones with your beef probe. It's being set up by Dennis Hof, a man described as "the most successful brothel entrepreneur" in Nevada.
We don't know who this red, sweaty man is. He must have stumbled into the shot.
Hof explains that he envisions the establishment to be modeled after the Mos Eisley cantina in Star Wars. Guests will be able to sleep with slave girl Leia, dress up like Darth Vader and seduce a sexy Stormtrooper (because that had to have happened at least once) or just Captain Kirk the hell out of some boobacious green alien woman (Hof actually plans to include a "Kirk Room" featuring the captain's chair from the original series). And it's all completely legal (prostitution is legal in Nevada, as long as it's in controlled brothels like this).
"Why three boobs when you can have 12 boobs? Why not just a woman made of boobs?"
Hof argues that an entire generation of young men has grown up on video games and now lacks the social experience to really have sex unless they can adopt a persona and immerse themselves in a scenario that provides them with the confidence they need. This is another way of saying that preying on socially incapable sci-fi nerds, and offering them sci-fi titties, is an excellent business model. Who the hell are we to disagree?
The only difference between science fiction and pornography is a sense of shame.
You can make Joe Oliveto's geek fantasy of being a writer come true by buying his self-published post-apocalyptic story for the Kindle. Follow his blog as he continues to self-publish his work.
For more ridiculous ways to blow your money, check out The 6 Worst "Vacations" People Actually Pay For and 7 Great Products for Telling the World You're a Rich Dick.
And stop by LinkSTORM to see which columnist has his house set up like World 1-1 of Mario.
And don't forget to follow us on Facebook and Twitter to get sexy, sexy jokes sent straight to your news feed.
Do you have an idea in mind that would make a great article? Then sign up for our writers workshop! Do you possess expert skills in image creation and manipulation? Mediocre? Even rudimentary? Are you frightened by MS Paint and simply have a funny idea? You can create an infographic and you could be on the front page of Cracked.com tomorrow!


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Dear All
Lets restrict ourselfs to logical theories which consist only of formulas $P_1 \supset \quad ... \quad P_n \supset Q$, i.e. propositional horn clauses expressed with implication. Lets only assume a subset of minimal logic, no (->R), only (->L).
My starting point is the following very primitive calculus:
$${P \in \Gamma \over \Gamma \Rightarrow P}{(init)} \qquad {(P \supset A) \in \Gamma \qquad \Gamma \Rightarrow P \qquad \Gamma, A \Rightarrow Q \over \Gamma \Rightarrow Q}{({\supset}L)}$$
When we focus the (->L) that the head of A matches the goal Q, then we get backward chaining.
$${(P_1 \supset \quad ... \quad P_n \supset Q) \in \Gamma \qquad \Gamma \Rightarrow P_1 \quad ... \quad \Gamma \Rightarrow P_n \over \Gamma \Rightarrow Q}{({\supset}L \quad Back)}$$
Now I am experimenting with another variant of (->L). Instead of requiring that the head machtes the goal, I require that the atoms in the body are already given:
$${(P_1 \supset \quad ... \quad P_n \supset Q) \in \Gamma \qquad P_1 \in \Gamma \qquad ... \qquad P_n \in \Gamma \qquad \Gamma, Q \Rightarrow R \over \Gamma \Rightarrow R}{({\supset}L \quad Forward)}$$
Forward chaining has been characterized as deriving new facts from given facts. A couple of questions emerge:
* Is the forward chaining variant of the primitive calculus still complete?
* Is forward chaining also a from of focusing?
* Are there better ways to formulate forward chaining than with (->L Forward)?
Best Regards
P.S.: Question is inspired by the restated calculus in How establish conversion of cut-free proof into uniform proof?
P.S.S.: Here is an example of a backward chaining proof:
-------------- (init)
p, p -> q => p
-------------- (->L Back)
p, p -> q => q
And here is an example of a forward chaining proof:
----------------- (init)
p, p -> q, q => q
----------------- (->L Forward)
p, p -> q => q


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Let $V$ be a non-singular affine variety in $\mathbb{C}^n$. $V$ can be regarded as a complex manifold. Let $p = (a_1,\dots,a_n) $ be a point of $V$. Let $\mathcal{O}_p$ be the local ring of $V$ at $p$. A tangent vector $v$ at $p$ is a derivation $\mathcal{O}_p \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$, i.e. a $\mathbb{C}$-linear map $v$ such that $v(fg) = v(f)g(p) + f(p)v(g)$ for $f, g \in \mathcal{O}_p$. Let $T_p$ be the set of tangent vectors at $p$. We regard $T_p$ as a vector space over $\mathbb{C}$ in the obvious way.
On the other hand, we can define a tangent space at $p$ as follows. Let $f_1,\dots f_r$ be defining polynomials for $V$. Let $L_i$ be the hyperplane defined by $\sum_k \frac{\partial f_i}{\partial x_k}(p)(x_k - a_k) = 0$. Let $S_p = \bigcap_i L_i$.
Are $T_p$ and $S_p$(or rather the vector space attached to it) canonically isomorphic?


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- Home
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This apartment is currently off the market. Go to the building page to see availabilities.
$4,4951 Bedroom, 1 Bath
Available immediately
The Lucerne 350 East 79th Street
New York, NY 10075
Upper East Side
New York, NY 10075
Upper East Side
Uptown Office
Downtown Office
(888) 470-3222
Apartment Features
GREAT ENTERTAINING SPACE, dining area, full size washer/dryer,king sized bedroom, excellent closet, gym, pool, lounge
Building Features & Amenities
- Elevator
- Full-time Doorman
- Laundry in Building
- Fitness Center
- Indoor Pool
- Residents Lounge
- Childrens Playroom
- Rooftop Deck
- On-site Garage
- Package Receiving
- Sauna
- Sundeck
- Covered Parking
- Video Intercom
- Units: 236
- High-rise (26+ Floors)
- Post-war Apartment Building
- Built 1969
- Rental Property
Sophisticated and elegant, The Lucerne has a large selection of family-sized homes of up to 3- and 4-bedrooms and duplexes - a rarity in Manhattan. The layouts flow beautifully from room to room, with nine-foot ceilings and enough private spaces to accommodate everyone. The many upscale amenities of The Lucerne include automatic membership in the fully equipped private swim and fitness club and full access to the gorgeous landscaped sun decks and terraced lounge. Entertain at home or under the stars of New York.
Application and Move-in Information
- Insurent Accepted
Owner / Manager / Leasing Information for The Lucerne
For more information on this listing, contact:
Property Management:
Glenwood Management


text: My Heart Challenge Contestant Shares Benefits of Going Soda Free By Jason M. Carlton, APR May 27, 2014 The 2014 My Heart Challenge: Play at Home Edition has reached week eight, and one of the 25 contestants has seen some real benefits from participating in the nearly completed two-month challenge. Read about Jeremy's decision to stop drinking soda pop and the ways that simple change has impacted his health. Read More


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Biggio got most votes in year where no one got in
By KRISTIE RIEKEN AP Sports Writer
Not a subscriber? You can purchase a single-day subscription for only $0.75 to read this and access all of our content and our E-Edition. CLICK HERE purchase a single day subscription.
Become an electronic subscriber to the Republican-American for only $8 a month. CLICK HERE.


text:
Xbox LIVE 12 Month Gold Membership for $34.99 + free shipping
Looks like Amazon is getting in on this too. FS and Free 2 day with Prime
7 Comments add a comment
Got mine, missed it last week from Buy.com. Just be sure to check free super saver shipping. It automatically defaults to $5.00 2-5 day shipping. You have to click on free shipping to get it.
@patriot73: TIL someone exists that doesn't have an amazon prime acct
All these deals with Xbox Live. Cheapest I've seen is two dollars lower, but that I have seen only exactly once.
Anyway, excellent deal. If you can't wait for the shipping, they also sell online game code for $39.99.
Do these codes have an expiration date?
No experation date, but you should still enter right away. it adds 1 year from your end date, not from the date you enter the code. so if you still have 3 months or so left, you will have a year and 3 months after you enter the code.
Darn, I ordered the other day when they were $40, and used the $5 Facebook credit. Amazon doesn't price adjust after the order has shipped :(


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Pictures: Rapids Water Park in Riviera Beach
For a great way to chill in the heat, head to Rapids Water Park in Riviera Beach. -- Liz Doup, Sun Sentinel See details and photos for other Florida water parks in our water park guide.
This photo gallery is featured in these articles:


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The Department of Public Health's announcement on Friday that 11 of the 20 medical marijuana dispensary applicants have moved forward in the process and that nine were rejected is welcome. It's a positive step forward by DPH.
We're particularly struck with Karen van Unen, the newly installed executive director of the medical marijuana program, and her frank assessment of those applicants that were not selected. Each letter to the rejected applicants details the flaws in the initial approval phase and other issues van Unen herself uncovered. Those letters serve as evidence of van Unen's keen understanding of the concerns raised by The Patriot Ledger and other media outlets, and her commitment to hold DPH to higher standard.
Equally impressive is that van Unen chose to share on DPH's website the full contents of each letter. For a process that's been sorely lacking in transparency, we're pleased to see that there's a renewed commitment to it at the state agency. Openness benefits not just the public's interest, but the agency's.
Reading through the letters, which the public may do by visiting the DPH website, it's clear that Van Unen took the time to read each application, investigate external criticism and then address those concerns and her own with each applicant. In other words, it was the thorough vetting process we asked from the beginning and the public deserves.
As an example, in her four-page rejection letter to Medical Marijuana of Massachusetts, a company led by former U.S. Rep. William Delahunt with applications for dispensaries in Plymouth, Taunton and Mashpee, van Unen notes that Delahunt and his MMM colleagues structured the technically nonprofit company to direct considerable sums of money to their for-profit management company, "Triple M," by "... collecting 25 percent of gross revenues for services that are being primarily rendered by MMMs own management team." The totals, according to Mass Medical's own projections, would have been $10.6 million in the first three years.
It's interesting to note that medical marijuana dispensaries slated to open in Quincy and Brockton, to be operated by Ermont and In Good Health respectively, have also had certain aspects of their management structure called into question. In both cases, as soon as concerns arose from the public and the media, the concerns were addressed. As a result, both applicants moved forward in the process.
As we have documented over the past months, DPH's medical marijuana licensing approval process under Commissioner Cheryl Bartlett was deeply flawed. It was conducted under a shroud of secrecy, obfuscation and reeked of cronyism. We warned of lawsuits from disgruntled applicants – and were proved right – and voiced our concern that big profits and not sick patients were the priority.
Page 2 of 2 - With van Unen at the helm, we're pleasantly surprised that she has chosen to so far lead with a forthrightness and concern for the public's interest that DPH has long needed. Our only disagreement is that she invited those whose applications were rejected to reapply for licenses. Groups that have proven to have misled, misrepresented the facts, and displayed a lack of regard for patient care in pursuit of profits should be removed from consideration completely.
We look forward to seeing how van Unen administers the next phase of marijuana dispensaries.
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I forgot about the warmer tap water and found my wort was way too hot and even after adding ice and standing the fermenter in ice water it took nearly two hours before is was the right temperature so I could add the yeast. The lids were off quite a bit as I was stirring it to aid cooling. They are both now fermenting well but should they both be thrown away cause of the chances of infection are too high? I cant afford to wait 12 days to find out they taste sour then another 12 days before I can pour something into a keg
It should be OK. Keep the beer at a nice cool fermenting temp and don't worry. Two hours isn't too long; I've heard of people chilling overnight at ambient temp. Never throw away a beer because it might be infected. If your really throwing away send to me!! Cheers!
You should be fine. In an attempt to save water, I started letting my wort cool overnight in the fermenter. I've had wort sitting for 18+ hours that has come out just fine. As long as you're good with your sanitation, you should be fine. I always pitch a starter with slightly more yeast than I know I'll need, just to be on the safe side of things, too.
One way to know for sure would be to run a wort stability test the next time you're worried about your "chill time". When you're racking your wort from your brew kettle, rack a hundred or so milliliters into a sanitized jar. Cover it with tin foil and let it sit in your fermentation room/ area. If it naturally starts fermenting or shows other signs of undesirable growth... within 3 days, you might have a problem with your batch depending on how long your lag time was. {more info} It's a good way to know how sterile your wort is before you added your yeast.


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ePSXe is my favor emulator. It does not work in Ubuntu 11.10. It ask me for libgtk1.2 and I cant find it within 11.10? pSX told me that:
(pSX:6367): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_signal_handler_disconnect: assertion `G_TYPE_CHECK_INSTANCE (instance)' failed
[src/linux/sound.cpp, line 215]: 'snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(pcm_handle,hwparams,SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED)' returned 'Invalid argument'
I have no idea about that. It there anyone can help? Why removing libgtk1.2 ???


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Monroe County, Cumberland County and Allen County join Barren County in closing their schools because of a flu outbreak.
All of these counties have noticed a steady decline in their student attendance, with many students sick with flu-like symptoms.
School administrators say they are losing state funding because of the low attendance. State funding is based on average daily attendance.
Monroe County, Cumberland County, and Allen County decided to close their schools on Tuesday.
Barren County closed their schools on Monday. All of the schools will reopen on Tuesday, Jan. 21.
Extended Web Coverage
How the Disease is Spread
What Should You Do?
Source: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/flu/fluinfo.htm (The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Flu Facts Web site) contributed to this report.


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Wade Davis, Jr.—the former National Football League (NFL) player turned educator, writer, LGBT activist, and hero—has recently garnered national attention for being one of the few former NFL athletes who have publically come out as gay. He has been featured on OutSports.com, on CNN as a guest of Soledad O'Brien, on Chuck Scarborough's NBC program, BET.com, and several other notable media outlets. And while many are interested in his life as a "closeted" Black professional athlete and his new work as a prominent advocate in his role as an LGBT Surrogate for the Obama Campaign, there is much more about Wade's story that is heroic.
Below is a portion of an inspirational conversation that I shared with Wade. The dialogue is centered on his journey from his childhood in the Southern United States to his life as a professional football player and educator now living in New York City. Wade is a true hero, one who aspires toward greatness and inspires others to be great, and I am grateful that he decided to take the time to share a bit of himself with us here.
EBONY: Where did you grow up and what was your childhood like? Have you always been a dreamer and hard worker?
Wade: I was born in Little Rock, Arkansas, but I spent most of my earlier life in Shreveport, Louisiana. I was very sheltered as a child because I was such a momma's boy. I grew up in the Baptist church and did something "churchy" at least 4 to 5 times per week. Even though I was captivated by all that I experienced in the church, I was a very curious child and questioned everything; which got me into a lot of mischief and resulted in numerous spankings.
I don't know if I would have considered myself a dreamer, only because I wasn't exposed to much outside of my own little Louisiana bubble, but I definitely understood what it meant to be a hard-worker because everyone in my family worked hard especially my mother and grandmother. Also, I was very small and skinny as a kid, so I knew that because of my stature I would have to work hard to prove myself.
EBONY: Can you recall the moment in your childhood or teenage years when it became clear to you the path that you would take? When did you have that experience?
Existing at the intersection of Black manhood, Black masculinity, sexuality and sports was the most dangerous place in the world.
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Wade: I didn't experience a specific defining moment in my childhood when I knew the exact direction my life would take. I knew I was a good athlete but I didn't think I was ever good enough to play in the NFL. But around the age of 27, a friend of mine told me that I inspired him and I inspired the entire New York gay football league. He went on to say that if I don't use my gift and voice to help change the minds of many then I might as well cease to exist. His honesty stayed with me for days and I knew I needed to finally listen to what others had been saying and stop being so afraid. This was the first time when I had a sense of clarity for my life and my destiny.
EBONY: You worked diligently and eventually made it into the National Football League (NFL). Can you share a bit about your journey: the lessons, the challenges and the triumphs?
Wade: My journey to the NFL was a joyful and shocking one because it was not until a scout showed up at practice during my senior year that I believed I was good enough to play in the NFL. Yes, I wished for it, but I didn't think the NFL was a reality for me. As I mentioned before, I wasn't much of a dreamer in that sense but I did wish for the opportunity (In my mind dreaming and wishing are completely different).
Hmmmm, lessons – one of the biggest lessons I've learned, and it may be cliché, but I live by a quote my defensive back coach told me, "'Hard work doesn't guarantee you anything, but without it you don't stand a chance." So once I realized I had a chance to play, I worked my butt off to make my opportunity a reality. There were a myriad of challenges: I didn't know much about the whole process leading up to making it into the NFL; I was trying to overcome the idea that even though I being from a "small school" meant that I wasn't good enough to play at the NFL level; I had my own personal identity issues to sort out that were starting to come to the surface more and more; and I was scared shitless that I had this major opportunity but thought that I might not be good enough. My


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Worms developer's new game Flockers gets teaser trailer and debut screensWritten by: / / 1 Comment
If you're a fan of Team17's classic franchises such as Worms, Alien Breed and Superfrog then be sure to look out for the developer's new intellectual property, Flockers, which will arrive on PC via Steam Early Access sometime during the next three months.
Described as being inspired by a "twisted blend of Lemmings' inspired gameplay and Tim Burton style macabre, all topped off with a dose of that classic Worms humour", Flockers revolves around a flock of sheep who must find a way past lethal machinery and traps in order to escape the Worms weapons factory and return to the green pastures from where they were whisked away many years ago.
Here's a teaser trailer for Flockers along with the first batch of screens for this quirky puzzle platformer:
[nggallery id=561 template="el33t"]
Will you be checking out Flockers when it becomes available on Steam Early Access? Let us know in the comments.
Tags: flockers, screenshots, team17, trailer