text:
Judge Somers
11-20513 Timmons (Doc. # 41)
- Details
- Category: Judge Somers
- Published: 28 September 2012
- Written by Judge Somers
In Re Timmons, 11-20513 (Bankr. D. Kan. Sep. 24, 2012) Doc. # 41
Click here for the pdf document.
SIGNED this 24th day of September, 2012.
Opinion Designated for Electronic Use, But Not for Print Publication
In re:
The matters before the Court for decision arise from the Debtor's motion asking
the Court to hold creditor Sallie Mae, Inc., in contempt for violating either the automatic
stay or the discharge injunction. The Debtor appears by counsel Neil S. Sader of the
Sader Law Firm. Sallie Mae appears by counsel Matthew F. Mulhern of Manz, Swanson
& Mulhern. The Court has reviewed the relevant materials and is now ready to rule.
When the Debtor filed her Chapter 7 bankruptcy, she owed a debt to Sallie Mae
that she concedes is a nondischargeable student loan. She claims she had always been
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 1 of 20
current on her monthly payment obligation on the debt before she filed bankruptcy and
continued to make the payments after she filed. Nevertheless, shortly after she received a
discharge, Sallie Mae notified her that it had declared her debt to be in default and
accelerated it, making the full amount due. Sallie Mae later sent her a letter offering to
settle the debt at a discount. The Debtor soon filed a motion asking the Court to hold
Sallie Mae in contempt for accelerating the debt and pressuring her to settle the debt
immediately, contending Sallie Mae had accelerated the debt based solely on her
bankruptcy filing, and its actions violated either the automatic stay or the discharge
injunction, and also violated a Kansas consumer protection statute. As explained below,
the Court concludes (1) nothing in the Bankruptcy Code restricted Sallie Mae's post-
discharge efforts to collect its nondischarged debt, and (2) the Court has no subject matter
jurisdiction to decide the Debtor's claim that Sallie Mae violated Kansas law by declaring
her to be in default even though she never defaulted on her payments. These rulings
mean the Debtor is not entitled to obtain further discovery from Sallie Mae under this
Court's authority, so her motion for enforcement of discovery and for discovery sanctions
is now moot and will be denied.
In deciding a request to dismiss a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim on which relief may be granted, the Court must
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 2 of 20
assume the factual allegations supporting the claim are true.1 Consequently, the Court
will describe the relevant allegations here as if they were true, but is not deciding whether
they are in fact true.
When the Debtor filed her Chapter 7 petition on March 3, 2011, she owed Sallie
Mae almost $5,000 on a nondischargeable student loan promissory note. She was then
current on her monthly payment obligation on the debt, and she continued to make the
monthly payments of $50.82 called for by the note. She received a discharge on June 8,
2011, and her case was closed the same day.
A month and a half later, Sallie Mae sent the Debtor a letter dated July 20, 2011,
which notified her that her loan was in default and she should contact Sallie Mae
immediately to resolve the loan; the current balance was stated to be $4,980.27. A short
time later, Sallie Mae sent her a letter dated August 4, 2011, offering to accept $3,378.05,
70% of the then-current balance of $4,825.79, in settlement of the debt. The Debtor and
her attorney contacted Sallie Mae representatives and were told the default had been
declared and the loan accelerated because she had filed bankruptcy.
On November 1, 2011, the Debtor filed a motion to reopen her case so she could
seek relief against a creditor she believed had violated either the automatic stay or the
discharge injunction; no objections were filed and the case was reopened on November
29. On December 1, 2011, the Debtor filed her motion asking the Court to hold Sallie
1Bell Atlantic Corporation v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555-56 (2007).
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 3 of 20
Mae in contempt, claiming its act of accelerating the loan violated either the automatic
stay imposed by § 362(a) or the discharge injunction imposed by § 524(a)(2), depending
on when the acceleration was done. The Debtor also claimed the acceleration constituted
consumer abuse under K.S.A. 16a-5-109, a provision of the Kansas Uniform Consumer
Credit Code. The Debtor asked the Court to order Sallie Mae to honor the original
payment requirements of her promissory note, to pay her attorney fees, and, if the Court
should find them to be appropriate, to pay punitive damages. Sallie Mae responded on
December 20, contending (1) the Debtor had not identified any act that Sallie Mae
committed between the petition date and the discharge date that violated § 362(a), so
there was no stay violation; (2) although Sallie Mae accelerated the Debtor's student loan
and tried to collect it after the discharge order was entered, the debt was nondischargeable
and the Bankruptcy Code provided no remedy for her allegations; (3) the Court had no
subject matter jurisdiction or constitutional authority to adjudicate the Debtor's claim
under K.S.A. 16a-5-109; and (4) through counsel, Sallie Mae had offered to reinstate the
Debtor's loan so she could make monthly payments with no demand for an accelerated
On March 13, 2012, the Debtor filed a motion for enforcement of discovery,
claiming she had served requests for production of documents, but Sallie Mae had failed
to provide timely responses or to properly object to four of the nineteen requests she had
made. Sallie Mae had objected that, among other things, the information the four requests
sought was irrelevant. The Debtor asked the Court to order Sallie Mae to pay attorney
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 4 of 20
fees she had incurred in this discovery dispute. Sallie Mae responded to the Debtor's
motion, arguing that the Debtor had not asserted a valid claim for relief against it, and
asking the Court to determine under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) whether the
Debtor's motion for contempt failed to state a claim on which relief could be granted.
The Debtor filed a response to Sallie Mae's request for a ruling on the Rule
12(b)(6) question. She contended Sallie Mae's "Notice of Default and loan acceleration
interferes with the settled bankruptcy principles of the fresh start and equity, and violates
§ 524 of the [Bankruptcy] Code and relevant case law." She argued: (1) although her
debt to Sallie Mae is nondischargeable, the Bankruptcy Code's fresh start principle
should nevertheless bar Sallie Mae's post-discharge declaration of default and
acceleration of her promissory note because she has always remained current on her
monthly payment obligation; (2) in Chapter 13 cases, bankruptcy courts have held that
student loan creditors cannot accelerate their loans during a Chapter 13 plan and that
debtors should not be required to pay more on such debts than is necessary to remain
current on them, and (3) the Court's broad equitable powers authorize it to prevent Sallie
Mae from enforcing its decision to accelerate her loan because she has always been
current on the loan, and she is a single mother raising two daughters.
1. The Court concludes it can address Sallie Mae's request for dismissal, despite
some procedural irregularities.
This is a contested matter governed by Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 5 of 20
9014. Rule 9014(c) makes various rules governing adversary proceedings apply to
contested matters but, oddly enough, does not make Rule 7012, subsection (b) of which
makes Civil Rule 12(b) apply to adversary proceedings, apply. Rule 9014(c) provides
that the Court can make other adversary rules apply to a contested matter, but is to give
the parties notice and a reasonable opportunity to comply with any order doing so.
However, in opposing Sallie Mae's assertion that the Court should determine under Rule
12(b)(6) whether the Debtor has stated a colorable claim for relief against it, the Debtor
has not complained about any lack of notice of the application of Rule 12, arguing only
that she has stated a valid claim for relief. Furthermore, the Tenth Circuit has ruled a
court can, even without notice and an opportunity to amend when it is apparent any
amendment would be futile, dismiss a complaint sua sponte for failure to state a claim.2
Sallie Mae raised the question of the sufficiency of the Debtor's assertion of a claim for
relief and the Debtor has addressed that question on the merits. Under these
circumstances, the Court finds it appropriate to decide the Rule 12(b)(6) question at this
2. The Debtor has failed to identify anything in the Bankruptcy Code that barred
Sallie Mae's declaration of default and acceleration of her student loan debt.
The Debtor contends that several facets of federal law under the Bankruptcy Code
2Smith v. Colorado Dept. of Corrections, 23 F.3d 339, 340 (10th Cir. 1994).
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 6 of 20
support her claim asking the Court to find Sallie Mae in contempt.3 First, she argues
Sallie Mae violated § 524(a)(2) of the Bankruptcy Code when it declared her to be in
default and accelerated her student loan. That provision reads:
(a) A discharge in a case under this title —
. . .
(2) operates as an injunction against the commencement or
continuation of an action, the employment of process, or an act, to collect,
recover or offset any such debt as a personal liability of the debtor.
But, as the Debtor concedes, § 523(a)(8) applies to her debt to Sallie Mae. It provides:
(a) A discharge under section 727 . . . of this title does not discharge an
individual debtor from any debt —
. . .
(8) . . . for —
(A)(i) an educational . . . loan made, insured, or guaranteed by
a governmental unit, or made under any program funded in whole or
in part by a governmental unit.
While § 524(a)(2) specifies some effects of the discharge of a debt, § 523(a)(8)(A)(i) says
the Debtor's discharge did not discharge her debt to Sallie Mae. The Debtor is asking the
Court to apply at least part of the discharge injunction imposed by § 524 to Sallie Mae
even though Sallie Mae's claim against her was not discharged. The Court cannot accept
such a construction of these provisions. Instead, the only reasonable interpretation is that
§ 524(a) simply does not apply to any debt that falls within § 523(a)(8). Since Sallie
Mae's loan was covered by § 523(a)(8)(A)(i), nothing Sallie Mae did with respect to that
debt could possibly have violated § 524(a)(2).
3In her response to Sallie Mae's request for dismissal, the Debtor did not mention her earlier
assertion that Sallie Mae's acceleration of her debt may have violated the automatic stay imposed by
§ 362(a). The Court concludes she has abandoned that assertion, and will not address it in this opinion.
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 7 of 20
Second, the Debtor argues Sallie Mae's declaration of default and acceleration of
her debt violated the general fresh start principle of the Bankruptcy Code. But as the
Eleventh Circuit said in a Chapter 11 case, "Nondischargeable debts are those types of
debts, such as taxes or child support payments, that Congress thought important enough
to be paid in full, even if doing so impeded the debtor's ability to make a fresh start."4 In
In re DePaolo,5 another Chapter 11 case involving individual debtors, the Tenth Circuit
similarly indicated that the nondischargeability of a debt overrides the debtor's interest in
obtaining a fresh start. In DePaolo, the IRS had filed proofs of claim for certain tax years
and stipulated with the debtors to the amount they would pay on those taxes under their
Chapter 11 plan.6 The debtors' plan was then confirmed and the confirmation order
granted the debtors a discharge.7 Later, the IRS audited the debtors' tax return for one of
the years covered by the stipulation, and determined they owed additional taxes for that
year.8 Because § 1141(d)(2) provided that plan confirmation did not discharge individual
debtors from debts covered by § 523 and the additional taxes were covered by § 523, the
Tenth Circuit ruled the IRS was entitled to collect the additional taxes. The Circuit said,
"By expressly providing that the described taxes are not discharged . . . , Congress has
4United States v. White, 466 F.3d 1241, 1247 (11th Cir. 2006).
545 F.3d 373 (10th Cir. 1995).
6Id. at 374-75.
7Id. at 375.
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 8 of 20
determined that the IRS may make a claim for taxes for a particular year in a bankruptcy
proceeding, accept the judgment of the bankruptcy court, then audit and make additional
claims for that same year, even though such conduct may seem inequitable or may impair
the debtor's fresh start."9 Similarly, although Sallie Mae's declaration of default and
acceleration of the Debtor's student loan may impair her fresh start, the fact Congress
made its debt nondischargeable means that Congress has determined that Sallie Mae's
interest in collecting the debt should override the Debtor's interest in obtaining a fresh
Third, the Debtor cites two Chapter 13 cases to support the assertion "that if the
[Bankruptcy] Code prohibits student loan acceleration during a bankruptcy, the Code
certainly prohibits this type of acceleration immediately after the Discharge Order."10 But
the two cases the Debtor cites both say only that Chapter 13 debtors cannot propose plans
that accelerate their student loans, not that the creditors to whom such debts are owed
cannot accelerate them.11 The cases involved Chapter 13 debtors who filed plans
proposing to pay more on their unsecured but nondischargeable student loan debts than
on their other unsecured debts.12 Both courts considered whether this proposed
9Id. at 376.
10Dkt. no. 32 at 6.
11In re Kalfayan, 415 B.R. 907 (Bankr. S.D. Fla. 2009); In re Keel, 143 B.R. 915 (Bankr. D. Neb.
12See 415 B.R. at ; 143 B.R. at 916-17.
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 9 of 20
discrimination was unfair and therefore violated § 1322(b)(1).13 It was in the course of
deciding that question that both courts said the debtors could not accelerate their student
loans.14 Clearly, neither case has anything to say about whether a creditor can accelerate
a nondischargeable student loan during a Chapter 13 case. Even more clearly, then, they
say nothing about whether such a creditor can accelerate its loan after a Chapter 7 debtor
receives a discharge and his or her case is closed.
Fourth, the Debtor argues the Court has broad equitable powers to bar Sallie Mae's
acceleration of her debt because she is a single mother raising two daughters and is
unable to pay the accelerated balance of the debt. The only authority she cites for this
argument is In re Prime Motor Inns, Inc.15 In that case, the court decided to enjoin one or
more Chapter 11 debtors (and perhaps other defendants) from accelerating debts of over
$200,000,000 because the borrowers had not timely produced audited financial
statements, at least in part because the accounting firm that was supposed to create the
statements had filed bankruptcy and ceased operating.16 The court said it had "broad
equitable powers to prevent the drastic consequences that would result upon an
acceleration."17 The first authority the court cited for this statement was § 105(a) of the
13415 B.R. at 909-11; 143 B.R. at 916-17.
14415 B.R. at 911; 143 B.R. at 917.
15131 B.R. 233 (Bankr. S.D, Fla. 1991).
16Id. at 235-37.
17Id. at 236.
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 10 of 20
Bankruptcy Code. As relevant here, that provision says, "The court may issue any order,
process, or judgment that is necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of this
title."18 But the injunction the court granted in that case was against the debtors in
ongoing Chapter 11 cases, parties who were undoubtedly subject to the court's continuing
jurisdiction. Here, by contrast, the Debtor had received her discharge, her bankruptcy
case had been closed, and her nondischargeable debt to Sallie Mae was no longer
expressly subject to anything in the Bankruptcy Code.
Furthermore, the Court's powers under § 105(a) are not broad enough to authorize
the Court to protect the Debtor from Sallie Mae's post-discharge, post-case-closure
actions. For example, the First Circuit has declared, "[S]ection 105(a) does not provide
bankruptcy courts with a roving writ, much less a free hand. The authority bestowed
thereunder may be invoked only if, and to the extent that, the equitable remedy dispensed
by the court is necessary to preserve an identifiable right conferred elsewhere in the
Bankruptcy Code."19 Similarly, in Scrivner, the Tenth Circuit ruled that even strong
equitable concerns do not authorize bankruptcy courts to use their § 105(a) powers to
create new remedies different from those contained in the Bankruptcy Code.20 In that
case, the bankruptcy court had ordered a surcharge against the debtors' exempt property
because they had failed to turn over to the Chapter 7 trustee postpetition income produced
1811 U.S.C. § 105(a).
19Jamo v. Katahdin Fed. Credit Union (In re Jamo), 283 F.3d 392, 403 (1st Cir. 2002).
20535 F.3d 1258, 1263-65 (2008).
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 11 of 20
by an estate asset that they had not claimed as exempt.21 Despite the strong equities
supporting the surcharge, the Circuit said, "[B]ecause the surcharge of exempt property is
inconsistent with the Code's provisions governing exemptions and debtor misconduct, it
is beyond the scope of a bankruptcy court's equitable authority under § 105(a). Section
105(a) does not empower courts to create remedies and rights in derogation of the
Bankruptcy Code and Rules."22 The Debtor's proposed injunction against Sallie Mae's
acceleration of her debt would be inconsistent with § 523(a)(8)'s declaration that the debt
has not been discharged, so it cannot be authorized by § 105(a).
The Court concludes the Debtor has not identified anything in the Bankruptcy
Code that barred Sallie Mae from declaring a default because of her bankruptcy case and
accelerating the student loan debt she owes it.
3. The Court does not have subject matter jurisdiction over the Debtor's claim that
Sallie Mae's actions violated K.S.A. 16a-5-109.
Since the Debtor's efforts to base her claim on the Bankruptcy Code fail, she is left
with her assertion that Sallie Mae violated K.S.A. 16a-5-109 by declaring her to be in
default and accelerating her debt despite her allegedly perfect record of timely monthly
payments. That Kansas statute provides:
An agreement of the parties to a consumer credit transaction with
respect to default on the part of the consumer is enforceable only to the
extent that
21Id. at 1261-62.
22Id. at 1265.
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 12 of 20
(1) the consumer fails to make a payment as required
by agreement; or
(2) the prospect of payment, performance, or
realization of collateral is significantly impaired; the burden
of establishing the prospect of significant impairment is on
the creditor.
The Court agrees with the Debtor that this statute might prevent Sallie Mae from
enforcing its declaration of default against her, since she was making her required
payments and the mere fact she filed bankruptcy would not appear to significantly impair
her continued payments on the student loan. But Sallie Mae is right to dispute the Court's
subject matter jurisdiction to decide that state-law claim. For the following reasons, the
Court concludes it does not have jurisdiction to determine the claim.
In 1984, acting under authority conferred by 28 U.S.C. § 157(a), the U.S. District
Court for the District of Kansas issued a standing order that referred to the District's
bankruptcy judges all matters under the Bankruptcy Code and all proceedings arising
under the Code or arising in or related to a case under the Code.23 As relevant here, the
standing order concerned the District Court's jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b),
which gives it "original but not exclusive jurisdiction of all civil proceedings arising
under title 11 [the Bankruptcy Code], or arising in or related to cases under title 11." The
question is whether the Debtor's claim under K.S.A. 16a-5-109 falls within any of these
jurisdictional grants.
23The standing order was effective as of July 10, 1984. The order is referred to in D. Kan. Rule
83.8.5, and is quoted in the Preface to the 2012 Local Rules of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the
District of Kansas, at page v.
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 13 of 20
A leading bankruptcy treatise suggests that when a cause of action is created by
title 11 (the Bankruptcy Code), then a civil proceeding asserting the claim is one "arising
under title 11."24 The Debtor's potential claim under K.S.A. 16a-5-109, a Kansas statute,
obviously does not arise under the Bankruptcy Code. The "arising in" facet of the
Court's jurisdiction is a residual category largely made up of administrative matters that
could not have arisen had there not been a bankruptcy case.25 The administration of the
Debtor's case was completed before Sallie Mae notified her that it had declared her to be
in default. Because the Debtor's case was over before Sallie Mae acted, it is impossible
to see any way in which a claim based on that notification could be said to have "aris[en]
in" her case. The Court is convinced that the fact Sallie Mae may have based its
declaration solely on the Debtor's having filed bankruptcy is not enough to make her
claim under K.S.A. 16a-5-109 one "arising in" her bankruptcy case.
This leaves only the question whether the Debtor's claim is "related to" her
bankruptcy case. The leading statement of the extent of this jurisdictional base comes
from the Third Circuit's decision in Pacor, Inc., v. Higgins, where the court said a civil
proceeding is "related to" a bankruptcy case when "the outcome of that proceeding could
conceivably have any effect on the estate being administered in bankruptcy."26 The Tenth
241 Collier on Bankruptcy, ¶ 3.01[3][e][i] at 3-14 (Alan N. Resnick & Henry J. Sommer, eds.-inchief,
16th ed. 2012).
251 Collier on Bankruptcy, ¶ 3.01[3][e][iv] at 3-20 to 3-21.
26743 F.2d 984, 994 (3d Cir. 1985). See 1 Collier on Bankruptcy, ¶ 3.01[3][e][ii] (stating that
Pacor is the most frequently cited case dealing with "related to" jurisdiction).
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 14 of 20
Circuit adopted this test in United States v. Gardner, when it said:
Related proceedings are civil proceedings that, in the absence of a
bankruptcy petition, could have been brought in a district court or state
court. [Citation omitted.] "[T]he test for determining whether a civil
proceeding is related in bankruptcy is whether the outcome of that
proceeding could conceivably have any effect on the estate being
administered in bankruptcy." Pacor, Inc. v. Higgins, 743 F.2d 984, 994 (3d
Cir.1984) (emphasis omitted). Although the proceeding need not be against
the debtor or his property, the proceeding is related to the bankruptcy if the
outcome could alter the debtor's rights, liabilities, options, or freedom of
action in any way, thereby impacting on the handling and administration of
the bankruptcy estate. [Citations omitted.]27
The Debtor could have brought a proceeding against Sallie Mae for violating
K.S.A. 16a-5-109 in a Kansas state court, although the specific ground for Sallie Mae's
decision to declare her to be in default would not have existed in the absence of her
bankruptcy petition. The Debtor's claim against Sallie Mae could have no effect on her
bankruptcy case, though, because the case was over and done with before Sallie Mae
notified her that it had declared default and accelerated her note. For purposes of her
bankruptcy case, the Debtor's rights, liabilities, options, and freedom of action had
already been finally determined. Once her case was over, her debtor-creditor relationship
to Sallie Mae was no longer affected by anything in the Bankruptcy Code, but was
governed completely by non-bankruptcy law, including the Kansas Uniform Consumer
Credit Code (assuming it applies to student loans). Because the Debtor bases her claim
on the allegation that Sallie Mae declared default solely because she filed bankruptcy, her
27913 F.2d 1515, 1518 (10th Cir. 1990).
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 15 of 20
claim does have a relationship to her bankruptcy case, but the Court concludes the
relationship the Debtor alleges is too tenuous to bring the claim within the Court's subject
matter jurisdiction over disputes "related to" the Debtor's bankruptcy case.
The Court has found two Circuit court opinions addressing a bankruptcy court's
subject matter jurisdiction over a nondischargeable student loan after a Chapter 13 debtor
received a discharge and the bankruptcy case was closed.28 These cases cement the
Court's view that it does not have subject matter jurisdiction over the Debtor's claim that
Sallie Mae violated K.S.A. 16a-5-109 by declaring a default based on her bankruptcy
In Kirkland, the debtor's confirmed Chapter 13 plan called for her to pay all the
principal she owed on three nondischargeable student loans on the date she filed
bankruptcy; she made her plan payments, which should have left her owing only
postpetition interest on the three loans.29 For reasons not explained in the record,
however, the trustee had paid only two of the three loans, refunded some money to the
debtor, and reported the debtor had completed her plan; consequently, a discharge order
was entered and the case was closed.30 The creditor holding the third loan then began
trying to collect from the debtor, and the debtor eventually asked the bankruptcy court to
28ECMC v. Kirkland (In re Kirkland), 600 F.3d 310 (4th Cir. 2010) (2 to 1 decision); McAlpin v.
ECMC (In re McAlpin), 278 F.3d 866 (8th Cir. 2002).
29Id. at 312.
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 16 of 20
determine that she had paid the principal amount of that loan in full, leaving her owing
only any interest that had accrued postpetition.31 The court ruled the debtor still owed the
principal since it had not been paid, but allowed the creditor only a small amount of
postpetition interest based on the creditor's failure to prove that more had accrued and
denied the creditor any postpetition collection costs.32 The district court affirmed,
rejecting the creditor's new assertion that neither the bankruptcy court nor the district
court had subject matter jurisdiction to determine either the postpetition interest or
collection costs.33 On appeal, the Fourth Circuit reversed, ruling that the creditor's claim
for postpetition interest and collection costs was not a matter under title 11, nor was it a
civil proceeding arising in or related to the debtor's bankruptcy case.34
In McAlpin, the Eighth Circuit similarly ruled a bankruptcy court had no subject
matter jurisdiction to enjoin a student loan creditor from seeking to recover postpetition
collection costs from the debtor.35 The debtor had completed a Chapter 13 plan that
provided no payment on a late-filed claim for defaulted student loan debts, and had
received a discharge.36 Then he objected to the student loan creditor's proof of claim,
31Id. at 312-13.
32Id. at 313-14.
33Id. at 314.
34Id. at 316-18.
35278 F.3d at 867-68.
36Id. at 867.
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 17 of 20
arguing collection costs included in it were excessive.37 The creditor did not respond, and
the bankruptcy court entered an order holding the creditor could recover only the unpaid
principal and interest. The creditor did not appeal that order, but continued to try to
recover the collection costs.38 The debtor again brought the matter before the bankruptcy
court, which issued an order enjoining the creditor from trying to recover the collection
costs.39 On appeal, the Eighth Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel reversed, concluding
the bankruptcy court did not have subject matter jurisdiction to issue the order limiting
the creditor's recovery to principal and interest.40 The Eighth Circuit affirmed that ruling,
We agree that the bankruptcy court did not have jurisdiction in the
claim-objection proceeding under 28 U.S.C. §§ 157(b) or (c) (establishing
core and non-core bankruptcy court jurisdiction), because (1) [the debtor's]
challenge to the propriety of the claimed collection costs came after his
discharge, so the claim could no longer have been against the estate, and
thus did not involve a right created by bankruptcy law or arising only in
bankruptcy, [citation omitted]; and (2) the claim-objection proceeding was
not related to the bankruptcy, because at the time [the debtor] objected to
the claim there was no longer a plan to be confirmed, or an estate, and
therefore the proceeding could not conceivably have affected his estate,
[citations omitted.]41
The Debtor's claim that Sallie Mae violated K.S.A. 16a-5-109 is based solely on
40Id. at 868.
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 18 of 20
Kansas state law. The allegation that Sallie Mae made its decision to declare a default
and accelerate the debt strictly because the Debtor filed a bankruptcy case does make the
claim related to the bankruptcy case, but that tangential relationship is not sufficient to
bring the claim within this Court's jurisdiction over matters "arising under" the
Bankruptcy Code, or "arising in" or "related to" the Debtor's bankruptcy case. The claim
simply can't have any effect on the Debtor's already completed bankruptcy case.
3. Because the Court does not have subject matter jurisdiction to decide the
Debtor's only colorable claim against Sallie Mae, the Debtor's motion for
enforcement of discovery is moot and must be denied.
In effect, by ruling on Sallie Mae's request for dismissal of the Debtor's claim, the
Court has stayed the Debtor's effort to force Sallie Mae to supplement its discovery
responses. This is permissible under federal court procedures.42 Furthermore, now that
the Court has determined the Debtor has not asserted a valid claim to relief that falls
within this Court's subject matter jurisdiction, the Debtor is no longer entitled to obtain
discovery under this Court's authority.43 Thus, the Court's conclusion that the Debtor has
failed to state a valid claim on which this Court could grant her relief means that she is
not entitled to obtain any discovery from Sallie Mae, and her motion to enforce discovery
42See 8 Charles Alan Wright, Arthur r. Miller, & Richard L. Marcus, Federal Prac. & Pro.: Civil,
§ 2008 at 137-39 (Thomson Reuters 2010).
43See, e.g,, American Communications Assoc., Local 10, v. Retirement Plan, 488 F.Supp. 479,
484 (S.D.N.Y. 1980) (discovery rules designed to support properly pleaded cause of action, not to
discover whether a claim exists); McLaughlin v. Copeland, 455 F.Supp. 749, 753 (D. Del. 1978) (plaintiff
not entitled to discovery to determine whether factual basis may exist for claim he has not made).
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 19 of 20
is therefore moot and must be denied.
For these reasons, the Court concludes the Debtor's motion asking the Court to
hold Sallie Mae in contempt fails to state a claim for relief that comes within this Court's
jurisdiction. Consequently, the motion is hereby dismissed. In addition, that ruling has
rendered moot the Debtor's motion for enforcement of discovery, so it must be denied.
Judgment is hereby entered dismissing the Debtor's motion to hold Sallie Mae in
contempt (Docket No. 20), and denying the Debtor's motion for enforcement of discovery
(Docket No. 27). Pursuant to Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 9021, this judgment
will become effective when it is entered on the docket for this case under Bankruptcy
Rule 5003.
# # #
Case 11-20513 Doc# 41 Filed 09/24/12 Page 20 of 20


text:
I have a signal and i'd like to estimate its temporal correlation.
My limited understanding is i should compute the PSD by estimation using a parametric model such as AR.
However, i'm not quite clear on which mathematical techniques to use.
I'd be happy with any insignts or good sources of info (books)?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Lipstick Queen
Big Bang Illusion Lip Gloss - Cosmos
Product Actions
Poppy says, "Women spend a lot of Time looking for products that maximize the Expansion of the lips. It seems like everyday there is a new lip plumping Creation, most of which are uncomfortable to use and end up in the Black Hole of your bathroom drawer. I've taken all of my knowledge of the lip Cosmos and have put all my Energy into designing these eight shades of gloss for a Big Bang effect. Each shade has my exact ratio of shine to shimmer to create the illusion of fuller lips. So don't waste anymore Space on lip plumpers that sting - with the right formula, the possibilities for fuller looking lips and luxurious comfort are Infinite."
Available in CosmosStyle # 500041181
Using her extensive understanding of pigment, texture, and tone, entrepreneur and beauty expert Poppy King founded Lipstick Queen in her native Australia. This lip-centric cosmetics company boasts an ultra-moisturizing Vitamin E-rich formula and an extensive range of complexion-flattering shades of corals, reds, and neutrals. One of its most popular and innovative products, "Hello Sailor" is a navy blue lipstick that tints lips in a sheer plum tone with a hint of deep sapphire designed to enhance your lips' natural pinks and purples.
Need Help? Have Questions? Contact Us.
Please call 1.888.222.7639 to speak with a Customer Service Representative.
We're here to help you:
Monday - Friday, 9 AM - 9 PM (ET)
Saturday - Sunday, 10:30 AM - 7 PM (ET)
If you prefer email, we can be reached anytime at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Free Shipping & Returns on all U.S. Orders. See Details.


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18 Jun 2013 5:14 AM #1
Force attach of a tab item
I have a TabPanel which has multiple items. On every TabItem there are some fields. I have written a FormButtonBinding class, which monitors all the TabItems (which contain FormPanels). The monitoring class uses FormPanel.isValid() which calls on every field Field.isValid(). Here is a call of Field.getRawValue() which will only work if the field has been rendered. How I can force an attach/rendering for the hidden panels?
21 Jun 2013 1:01 AM #2
Hm, it seems to be trivial.
I have looked into the GXT code to find out more about the rendering/attaching process. The TabPanel has a CardLayout, which renders the child widgets when the parent panel (Window) has been added to the RootPanel. But the renderComponent() method renders only the active widget (the active TabItem) of the TabPanel or all items, if the flag deferredRender is set to false. The CardLayout sets this flag to true, so the render process stops after the selected TabItem.
In a sub-class of TabPanel I have set the flag to false, so all TabItems are rendered and attached to the DOM and my monitoring class can validate all fields of the hidden TabItems.


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Sporting Kansas City Beats Fire 2-1
Posted: 4:47 PM Jul 7, 2013
Reporter: AP, Posted by David Haag
Benny Feilhaber and Graham Zusi scored in the first eight minutes, and Sporting Kansas City beat the Chicago Fire 2-1 on Sunday, snapping Chicago's three-match winning streak.
The victory was only Kansas City's second in the last seven matches, giving SKC 30 points.
Kansas City's two goals were scored 2 minutes 14 seconds apart.
Feilhaber scored his first of the season in the sixth minute, hammering a right-footed shot from 16 yards when a throw-in by defender Matt Besler deflected off two players and ended up at his feet.
Chicago goalkeeper Paulo Tornaghi couldn't stop that shot, and seemed surprised by midfielder Zusi's nonchalant 20-yard shot soon after. It curled over Tornaghi and into the upper right-hand corner.
Mike Magee cut the margin to 2-1 in the 38th minute.
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Back to my passion
View Single Post
Newbie Member
Hi, I am a 19 years old girl, in love wth life, so I have many hobbies: going out with my girlfriend,practice some sports (football), go our in the evening to a club, so all the things that ladies like me do all the time. I also have a true love for cannabis . It' a recent love but very strong.I love to stay at my place an d burn it a lot. I think that one day we will party all together. What do you think about it? Kisses, Terry
Last edited by shabbir; 9Sep2008 at
.. Reason: Confine links to signatures only.


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Was: £262.99 Now: £125.00Product ID: 537931
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- Filter Kit which can run fountains, filters and waterfalls
- Extremely reliable, low maintenance, 2 - 4mm solid handling pond pumps
- Clearwater guarantee
- 13w UVC
- Midipond 4500 Pump
- Ideal for Small ponds up to 4000Ltr
|Free Delivery
|Order Value
|£50 +
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|£150 +
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For orders with a total value below these amounts, delivery charges apply. For full details see our Delivery & Returns information
Please check your delivered goods carefully. You need to notify The Range of any queries within seven days from the day after your delivery by contacting our customer service team on email@example.com you will then receive a confirmation email and returns authorisation number (RAN) which you will need to add the details to the returns sections of your despatch note. Then simply ensure the item is safely packaged and return to the address on the despatch note.
Please note that when returning items, it is your responsibility to ensure that they are packed so as to avoid damage, as goods must be received by us in a re-saleable condition. No returns or exchanges will be accepted unless the goods are returned in their original condition and packaging. Postage will not be refunded for change of mind or goods returned without prior notification.


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Bridge legacy voice and networking environments
HP Networking and Microsoft Lync are helping customers find relief from the challenges of adopting better business processes with UC solutions.
Telephony, Email, Video Conferencing, Instant Messaging, Presence, Networking, and IT advancements cannot all be delivered on the same day. Harnessing these silos' together, with integrated functionality, and all at once - can be prohibitively expensive and complex to manage and maintain.
Vendors may claim that unified communications comes from a single vendor. But, consider the future: cloud technology, an onslaught of tablets, smart phones and BYOD, social media, customer demands, user expectations, and an already unique organizational process and operation evolving on prior IT investments. All this points to the the fact that it's time to begin an open-standards based migration plan.
Enter HP Networking and Microsoft Lync.
The power of Microsoft Lync when combined with HP Networking's advanced FlexNetwork architecture can help wring ROI from legacy investments while delivering improved business communications- a bridge to open standards and true unified communications.
Our proposal:
- Engage early with HP Networking and Microsoft Lync to develop a complete transition plan.
- Embrace a path to open standards and leveraged ROI with HPN and Microsoft Lync.
- Investigate the FlexNetwork architecture and learn how HP Networking can help your IT budget get more for less.
- HP Networking and Microsoft Unified Communications & Collaboration (UC&C) Solutions
The HP MSR Survivable Branch Communication modules powered by Microsoft Lync™
The HP MSR Survivable Branch communication module (SBM) enables real time communications, even when the WAN is unavailable, helping branch office users remain productive, make calls, and sustain communications.
- HP 4110 and 4120 IP phones and Microsoft Lync
- HP 4120 Phones
HP 4120 IP Phone is Microsoft® Lync™ optimized knowledge worker desktop telephone.
- HP 4110 Phones
The HP 4110 IP Phones are stand-alone, cost effective and mainstream phones that are ideal for deployment in common areas such as lobbies.
- HP 4120 Phones
- Brochures
- Data Sheet
- Whitepapers, Solution Briefs
- Configuring HP MSR Series as a SIP Enhanced Media Gateway with Microsoft Lync PDF 728 KB
- HP Converged Systems RA for Microsoft Lync Server 2013 Mid Market ( 2500 Users) Brief PDF 258 KB
- HP Converged Systems RA fro Microsoft Lync Server 2013 Mid Market ( 2500 Users) Technical White Paper PDF 1.79 MB
- HP FlexBranch MSR with Lync Technical Overview PDF 618 KB
- HP FlexBranch MSR with Lync Configutation Guide PDF 2.27 MB
- HP MSR Survivable Branch Communication Module powered by Microsoft Lync Quick Start Guide for MSR 30 and 50 Series Routers PDF 3.2 MB
- HP MSR Survivable Branch Communication Module powered by Microsoft Lync Installation and Getting Started Guide for MSR30 and MSR50 Series Routers PDF 7.1 MB
- Video/Demos
- Reference architecture


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Possible Duplicate:
Uniqueness of eigenvector representation in a complete set of compatible observables
Sakurai states that if we have a complete, maximal set of compatible observables, say A,B,C... Then, an eigenvector represented by |a,b,c....> , where a,b,c... are respective eigenvalues, is unique. Why is it so? Why can't there be two eigenvectors with same eigenvalues for each observable? Does maximality of the set has some role to play in it?
I asked this question on Physics SE and was not satisfied with answers. Hope that I get help here.


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I am having some problems joining sigma algebras. So I have: $$\textit{K} =\left \{ A\cap B: A\in \sigma (D),B\in \sigma (E) \right \}$$ and I need to show $$\sigma(K)= \sigma (D,E)$$
What I've done so far
I intend to do this by showing $$\sigma(K)\subseteq \sigma (D,E)$$ and $$\sigma(K)\supseteq\sigma (D,E)$$
The first part is easy enough, my problem is $\sigma(K)\supseteq\sigma (D,E)$ as I'm not sure where to begin.
I've started by saying by definition $\sigma(D,E)= \sigma(\sigma(D)\cup\sigma(E))$ and $\sigma(\sigma(D)\cup\sigma(E))=\sigma(\sigma(D)\cap\sigma(E))$ by De Morgan and $\sigma(D)\cap\sigma(E)=K$, but I think that is wrong as $\sigma(D)\cap\sigma(E)$ may be a sigma algebra and thus its smaller than $ \sigma (A,B)$.
I've also considered something like $\sigma(K^{c})$ to somehow argue that $\sigma(\sigma(D)\cup\sigma(E))$ is a subset of that but intuitively it feels like what I did with the De Morgan above.
EDIT: sorry for the confusing notation everyone, everything has been changed.


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SEATTLE — REI has promoted Brian Unmacht to chief operating officer, expanding his role to oversee eetail, e-commerce, merchandising, private brands, information technology and supply chain.
"This well-deserved promotion recognizes Brian's many contributions to our success and growth over the course of his 26-year career at REI," said Sally Jewell, president and CEO. "Linking our operations under one leader helps ensure we prioritize our investments and deliver the high-quality products and legendary service that our customers expect."
Unmacht started at REI as a store supervisor in 1986. In the years that followed, he rose through retail management to key leader roles, including regional district manager, director of retail operations, and SVP retail. In 2008, he was named EVP sales, service, store development and logistics.


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Members of the media who wish to reach students, faculty, staff, or a spokesperson of the College, please email Media Relations or call 802-440-4399.
Bennington College
Office of Communications
One College Drive
Bennington, VT 05201-6003
"The liberal arts isn't about majoring in anything," she told the Burlington-based newspaper Seven Days. "It's about developing fundamental capacities, both ethical and intellectual. It's about the arts, in the broadest sense. A liberal arts education asks appropriate questions about what it means to be human beings. It shouldn't fragment into pieces across the educational landscape. But liberal arts today is defined by whether you majored in physics or literature."
The popular model of liberal arts education, Coleman says—"to jettison every interest except one, and within that one to continually narrow the focus"—fails to awaken, to the detriment of democracy, a sense of civic responsibility in its students.
"How do you account for the spectacular and rising focus on private interest and the specific lack of focus on the public realm among educated citizens in this country today?" she asks.
That very question is driving Bennington's groundbreaking initiative to put urgent public needs at the center of its curriculum. The new "citizenship curriculum," which will be housed in the Center for the Advancement of Public Action, aims to change the odds that Bennington graduates will be committed to—and capable of—effective action in the world.
To read more of President Coleman's Seven Days interview, click here.


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Men's Nike Run Air Max Tee Shirt
It is time to give credit where credit is due to one of the most iconic and legendary shoes of all time. This Nike Run Air Max Tee is for the old school runner who appreciates what running used to be, or for the young up-and-comers who know that it is because of the legends at Nike that running is what it is today.
Made with durable organic cotton and eye-catching graphics, the Nike Air Max 2 Men's Running Tee Shirt delivers comfort in a tribute to a legendary shoe.
It is time to take a knee, solute and honor the Nike Air Max and this tee is the way to do it.


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The head of the State Public Health Laboratory in Frankfort says samples of a deadly flu virus that were shipped to Kentucky labs have been destroyed.
Doctor Stephanie Mayfield, who is the director of the state's Division of Laboratory Services, says health officials have verified which labs in Kentucky received the deadly flu virus, known as H-2-N-2.
Mayfield says 64 Kentucky laboratories have received the virus as part of regular proficiency test kits. Mayfield says the samples have been destroyed, either through incineration or a sterilization process known as "autoclaving."
Almost five thousand labs throughout the world received the virus that killed between one million and four million people in 1957.
The virus has not been included in flu vaccines since 1968, so people born after that year have little or no immunity to it.
Yesterday, the College of American Pathologists announced 67 Kentucky laboratories received the virus. Mayfield, however, says that list includes some duplications.


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Toronto Wildlife Area News
Area News
Dove Hunting Opportunities at Fall River and Toronto Wildlife Area
Four fields of sunflowers totaling 60 acres have been planted this year at Fall River Wildlife Area and 2 fields totaling approximately 21 acres have been planted at Toronto WA. These fields will be managed through timely mowing to attract doves. Fields at Fall River and Toronto WA are in excellent condition this year and good hunting opportunities are expected. Last year, 473 hunter trips during the first three days of dove season resulted in a total harvest of 2487 doves. This represents a 39% increase in the total dove harvest and a 26% increase in hunter trips when compared to the 2012 harvest data. Dove Harvest in 2013 was the highest since harvest data collection was initiated in 2008. The second high harvest year was 2009 with a harvest of 1855 doves taken. Accurate collection of this data is very important to help KDWP staff to evaluate the effectiveness of dove field location and management strategies that will help maximize opportunities for the dove hunters that choose to hunt at Fall River Wildlife Area.
This year hunters will be required to use only non-toxic shot in managed dove fields at Fall River and Toronto Wildlife Area. Managed dove fields are considered to be any field in which data collection by harvest survey cards is required and will usually be fields that have been planted to sunflowers.
Hunters should be aware that doves may be banded as part of a nationwide dove banding study. Hunters can help this effort by inspecting all harvested doves for the presence of leg bands. The more bands that are reported by hunters the better understanding wildlife biologists will have about the habits of these challenging game birds. The phone number to call to report band information is 1-800-327-(BAND)2263. This number is also printed on the bands.
Again this year, two sunflower fields are being reserved until the evening of Saturday, September 6th for the special Youth Dove Hunt. This special event will be hosted at the Fall River Wildlife Area office near Climax. The Youth Dove Hunt is for young hunter's ages 10 to 15 who will be accompanied by an adult. Accompanying adults will not be allowed to hunt. KDWP will provide at least two boxes of shells for each hunter using either a 12 or 20 gauge shotguns. Non-toxic shot for gauges other than 20 or 12 gauge may not be available. There is usually no shortage of shot opportunities so young hunters are encouraged to bring a couple boxes of shells with them to ensure the action doesn't have to stop before the hunt concludes. All ammunition provided for the youth hunt will be steel shot, so hunters will need to be sure to bring a shotgun that is compatible with steel shot shells. A brief review of hunter safety will be given prior to the hunt. Space may be limited so early registration is encouraged, and all young hunters must be pre-registered by September 5th to hunt.
For more information or to register a youth for the Youth Dove Hunt at Fall River Wildlife Area contact theKansas Dept. of Wildlife and Parksat: (620)-583-6783.


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I learned today that the set of symmetric bilinear forms (SBF) of the form $\sigma: V\times V \rightarrow F$ is in one-to-one correspondence with the set $\mathcal{S}_n(F)$ of $n$ by $n$ symmetric matrices, where $V$ is a finite-dimensional vector space over an infinite field $F$. But by a theorem I learned previously, $M_n(F)$ (of which $\mathcal{S}_n(F)$ is a subset) is in one-to-one correspondence with $\mathcal{L}(V)$, the set of all linear operators on $V$. In both cases, the correspondence is made between the linear operator/SBF and its matrix representation.
Then, presumably, with respect to a particular basis $B$ of $V$, a symmmetric matrix $A \in \mathcal{S}_n(F)$ will represent both a linear operator $L$ and a SBF $\sigma$. Besides having the same matrix representation (which maybe is as 'deep' as it gets), is there anything else I can say regarding the connection between the $L$ and $\sigma$ which satisfy $[L]_B = [\sigma]_B$?
Thanks in advance!


text: After the sad demise of my previous two career saves, due to technical difficulties, this is my final attempt. If I suffer any issues with this, FM07 (my favourite version) is all set for an install, but hopefully this one can last the distance. I'll be running a rolling auto save and also backing up my save onto usb at the end of every season, so as to avoid any issues with hard drive failure and save game failure.


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Update Contact/Personal Information
To update your contact information (address, phone numbers, and email) please access the Student Portal (my.devry.edu). If you prefer, you may also submit the Contact Information Update Form to your location. Please note that it is solely the student's responsibility to keep this information current.
To change your name or gender, please submit the Change of Personal Information Form to your location.


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LAMPASAS (October 23, 2012)--A Lampasas man was in the Lampasas County Jail Tuesday charged with indecency with a child.
Douglas Hall, 57, was ordered held in lieu of $100,000 bond.
According to Lampasas Police, after receiving a complaint, officers obtained a search warrant for a house and recovered electronic equipment from the property.
Hall was arrested Friday on a Lampasas Municipal Court warrant charging indecency with a child.
Other information was not available Tuesday.


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Kitchen Mission
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Phase 02 is a longer cleaning, improving, and rebuilding phase.
Phase 02 is a longer cleaning, improving, and rebuilding phase.
Revision as of 16:48, 9 July 2013
Project Name
Kitchen Mission
Jarrod Hicks email@example.com
Based on discussion at the Rebase meeting and further kitchen meeting(s). I am proposing a single wall minimum storage kitchen layout. This would be a greatly slimmed down kitchen with less to clean and maintain. It is focused on hacking and events. Items removed would be: food storage, refrigerator, closed cabinets, and the island.
See the plans below:
File:Noisebridge - Sheet - A507 - Kitchen Mission.pdf
What Will Be Done
I am proposing a quick initial demo phase and then a longer rebuilding phase.
Phase 01:
The first phase is a demo cleaning phase. While it may sound drastic, it will not leave the kitchen with any less functionality then is intended in the final phase.
Phase 01 includes removal of the food storage and a severe reduction of the cabinet space.
All food will be removed from the kitchen. The refrigerator will be emptied and recycled. Items in the cabinets will be reorganized, donated, or discarded. Temporary open wire shelves will be used to hold the remainder of the existing stuff. The kitchen island will be demolished except for the stove. and the area of the island under the stove will be opened up. The cabinets will be removed from the kitchen, broken down, and placed in the dump pile for removal. A bracket will be installed to support the existing shelf over the sink. The remaining equipment, floor, and the area of the kitchen will be deep cleaned. Safe pest control stuff may also be used.
Phase 02 is a longer cleaning, improving, and rebuilding phase.
A period of cleaning and ongoing pest control will occur while the new kitchen equipment is being sourced, built and installed. The goal of phase two is to create a more useful and more accessible kitchen.
OVEN: The double oven should be replaced with a more reliable single oven
What Areas in the Space Will This Affect
Possibly everything
Who Will Be Doing It
Jarrod, the note takers, and all attendees of the Rebase meetings
Why This Will Be Good
It will be an additional way to introduce the work of the Rebase group with the greater Noisebridge community
Why This Will Be Bad
It may mean ordering several more ink cartridges for my printer...
How Long Will It Take
Until it is done
In A Fantastic World, What Extra Budget Would You Like
It would be nice to plot these plans on larger paper as the project matures.
Are There Any Other PFAs This Would Work Well With
Hopefully all of them
Are There Any Other PFAs This Would Contradict
Probably none.