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Hi im 37, ill be 38 in a few month, i love playing fm and always have, but am i too old for the game or not? Do i need to grow up haha
Hi im 37, ill be 38 in a few month, i love playing fm and always have, but am i too old for the game or not? Do i need to grow up haha
well at least game does not change your birth up to 15 years when adding a manager
As long as you are having fun, I don't see why you think there should be an age limit.
99 If you live longer, unlucky!!!
Keep playing until you get bored of the game, whole point to life is to enjoy so thankfully games don't have an upper age limit.
i'm 32, been playing 16/17 years, not quitting any time soon. I wonder who the oldest FMer in the community is.....
I think there are a few in their 50's, I know I'm not the oldest at 46.
Should do a poll of what age group we all fall in to
I am 48 play all the time!! love it
If you're playing the game and you're over 100, does the game knock a few years off like when you're 15 and it makes you older?
I am 60 in April and still play. Not as often but regularly. I like the game, it challenges you, it makes you think and it keeps you fresh. PC games have taught me quite a lot of different things since I started way back when.
Without boring people, I would say play until you don't want to play but age should not be a barrier. Your a long time dead so a little bit of what you fancy does you good.
Anyway it's the only way I can get NUFC to win anything
I'll probably play FM until I drop dead tbf.
Well, Fergie's 70 and still playing football manager
My dad just turned 68 and he plays video games...but he is easy to beat.
I'm soon to be 34 and I have to say using those hours to play FM is a luxury that I can less and less afford. I reckon I'll be quitting the game altogether soon enough xD
You should only play until you die. I turned 34 on feb 14th and plan at least another 34 years god willing.
Im 52 soon and have played all the FM/CM games and still play every day pretty much lol
Both my parents play games and they are in their 50's.
I actually know one person on here who plays FM and he is 77 (yes really as I know them IRL)
I was going to start a thread on this today!!
I`m 37 turning 38 in March and don`t feel like quitting anytime soon.
I have 2 young girls and i usually manage to get 2-3 games per night when they are all tucked up in bed
I used to be good at Fifa 2006, i got to the semi finals in the Fifa interactive tournament in Sydney but since then it was all downhill when playing 1st person shooters or fifa games. My reflexes are not what they used to be but i can still give the odd young en a flogging online now and again but nothing like i used to.
Thats where FM comes in, any age can have great fun, without having the reflexes of a 13 year old to get anywhere, plus i still enjoy it the same as i did years ago.
Despite some bugs in the game, it is still an awesome game and i would like someone to say there is a better football management game on the market. People have to realise, it is only a GAME and nothing can be 100% like reality.
Hi im 37, ill be 38 in a few month, i love playing fm and always have, but am i too old for the game or not? Do i need to grow up haha
I am 37 in April, but I cannot wait till I retire so I can really go for it.
As the old saying goes.. " I did not stop playing because I grew old. I grew old because I stopped playing".
43, still playing every day, and I have done since CM97/98.
40 this year and no plans to stop - i have three boys 2 x 6 year olds and 1 nine year old. 9 year old is playing the game and the eldest twin wants to start as wll - poor wife!!!
I came to say what chesterfan2 said - one of the mods on here is older than time itself, and he still plays
I'm 39, 40 this year, i play everyday and have no plans to retire just yet.
I've been playing CM/FM since the very beginning.
i`m 41 and have been playing since 91/92 when it was made by domark on the amiga and no plans to stop anytime soon wife has other ideas though.
26 (27 this year) still going strong... Have two kids and a full time job nothing better than a sneaky look on the forums and a late one on a saturday night when kids are all in bed.
getting married in september my goal is to win the champions leauge on the new patch by then never done it yet.
28 with child in tow ... you're never too old.....
put it like this... are you ever too old to watch football or support a team? are you ever too old to say ' I could do a better job then that clown of a manager we have'
fm gives us the chance to sit in the seat of the greatest job on earth
Age is totally irrelevant, play until you stop enjoying the game. In fact keep playing for a year after you stop enjoying it just to make sure you have stopped enjoying it.
I'm 34 and not ashamed of anything. I can see myself playing less due to professional or family constraints in the future, but not due to any odd feeling about playing a video game.
In essence, what's wrong with playing FM which isn't with watching TV or reading a crime novel? It's a leisure activity which is actually requiring more interaction and thoughts spent than the socially perfectly acceptable TV show. Just mind that playing a video game is something you are doing on your own much more than watching TV which can still create some kind of common experience with somebody else.
Nice to hear everyones thoughts. I am approaching 37 and have played the series since the early nineties, so I like many other here I have grown up with the game. And since my appetite for football and competitions never will dampen, and when the game always evolves, I guess I will play till my last day.
Really agree with jayahr, I don't like watcing TV that much, so for me playing a game is much more fun and challenging.
I turned 30 in December and I'm a regular gamer, both in terms of FM and my main interest which is console gaming. The attitude of non-gamers than video games are for kids really, really annoys me. Lots of games these days are aimed at adults and I know many gamers that are in their late 30's and 40's.
As everybody else says, play as you see fit and don't let society make you think you're too old for gaming.
Play until it's not fun.
And yeah, football manager definitely beats reality TV. And surely that should go for people of any age.
im 28 and i can still lose 12 hours playing this! or sometimes after work 4 or 5. tell you one thing though the GF doesnt like it when she sees the laptop going on. great way to block out the rubbish in life.
I am approaching 33 in May and do not think I am ever going to give up this amazing game, my opinion it is even in some situations a good trainer to solve situations in real life quickly and also a good mindtrainer. People around me are always really amazed about the facts I knowin Football, you only have to be really carefull you do not mix-up FM facts with real life facts :-) !
However I noticed in the past years it is not easy for me to stick long with one save, my satisfaction is gone more easily as in the early days.As I really hate the big money spending nowadays in Football , I really try to develop my teams with home-grown players and hardly spent money on transfers. This way it is not easy to achieve big success however in real life there is also only one team able to win the CL............... and more managers as clubs ;-)
KUTGW oldies and play this game 4-ever!
62 years old, when you've turned cheap and senile, and sell your best players to your rivals despite 7 years of trophy drought.
Age doesn't matter. At all.
I'm coming up for 68 in May & play FM every day. I play this game instead of just watching TV. At least I have to "unrust" my brains to do this.
I do play tennis three times a week though, to keep my blood circulating.
I'm 38 this year and have played every ChampMan/FM game to death since. No plans to retire until i can't use my limbs.
I'm 34, 35 this year...
I'm another that's played the series since it first began in 91/92.
I admit I spend less time on FM these days, mainly because of the games on the 360, CoD, Skyrim etc etc.
I've got 2 kids and another on the way, so I find my 'free' time diminishing all the time, and now even my 4 year old is an FM fan and is learning the game FAST!!!
Looks like he'll have to have his own PC soon too...jeez man, when I was his age I literally had 3 toys I reckon and all I wanted to do was play football for real, computers at home didn't even exist!!! LOL
Luckily for me, my lads both love a 'real' game of football too so it's all good.
Long live FM.
I am 30 and like trying to imagine what FM2070 will be like, if I live that long.
I'm approaching 35 and have been playing FM/CM since the start so that must be the best part of 20 years, the only game I buy without fail on release every year. Some editions I enjoy better than others. I'm also an avid Xbox gamer tried to get the Missus into gaming but I'm fighting a losing battle just have to wait until the kid is old enough to hold a joypad and I'll have her hooked too. Basically if you enjoy it why should age be a barrier
50 in a couple of weeks and been playing this nearly 20 years. No wonder I'm divorced!
78 in April and still shouting at the PC when my team does'nt play well (nearly as bad as watching England)
38 here and still playing.
FM is one of the few games you can play until you are in the late 90 neighborhood.
I'm 36 pushing 37, no intention of giving up anytime soon, it's my way of relaxing after a hard day at work
I'm 47 and still playing, have since the CM days.
I'm also still into other types of games too, like Skyrim or Starcraft.
Never to old to enjoy computer games
Sounds like an AA meeting
Hi my name's Steve, I'm 33 and I'm addicted to FM!
I'm 26 and have played since CM3 I can't imagine not playing it.
Only 21 so got plenty of time.
Based on most of the posters ages in this thread, I am one of the young ones at 51!
I really enjoy the FM game and play it regularly as do a few of my friends. We always exchange stories about our saves over a tea.
Hi Guys,
Great topic!
I am 41 myself and still play loads of games.
I actually run my own XBOX and console gaming site for over 21's only for people too meet up play games and chat about them.
Check it out here www.GamerscoreAddicts.net
You know your getting old when you start a game of Football Manager and you're given your real age .
When I first started playing it'd automatically make me 30 years old!
I'm 51, and love the game. But I'm kind of a nut for the genre...
I'm 20, only got about another 60 years of FM in me I think.
55 years old. Decided I could do better than any Leeds manager in real life. Will keep going until the real Leeds win the Champions League. Means I'll have to live until I'm 169 at least. Anyone know if there are pills I could take?
There's a lot of creaking going on in this thread.


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I wanted to properly cite the following awesome quote:
Every mathematician has a secret weapon. Mine is Morse theory. - Raoul Bott
Now this has been attributed to Bott in precisely two places that I can find: the older of the two is Bestvina's work on PL Morse theory here and the more recent occurrence is in the 14th slide of Kahle's talk available as a rather large pdf file here.
What is the original reference for this quote?
I've combed through the likely suspect, Morse theory indomitable available here but the quote does not appear to be in that paper

subset: commoncrawl


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Islam fostered the flowering of brilliant civilizations and the development of great centers of learning. It was a period of dynamism, a melding of ancient and new thought, with the Muslim world acting as the repository of knowledge and a bridge between the east and the west. Great contributions were made by Muslim scholars and artists. Islamic civilization - rich, sophisticated and varied - has taken its place among the great cultural achievements of human history. The genius of Muslim civilization set the stage for the European Renaissance.
In the 20th century, Islam reemerged on the world stage as a major political and economic presence. Despite great changes in traditional societies as well as the demands of the contemporary age, Islam has demonstrated its unique adaptability and grown as a dynamic and universal religion with a continued impact on world affairs. Through its emphasis on peace, equality, tolerance and justice, Islam remains a strong spiritual and moral force in many countries and societies.


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Our Publications
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Home › Scene › Have a Heart ›
Have a Heart
The fifth annual gala for the Kawasaki Disease Foundation united more than 20 A-list chefs from around the country To Save a Child's Heart.
At the VIP reception, actors Sarah Chalke and Gary Busey mingled with guests and celebrity chefs like Gavin Kaysen and Amanda Freitag, plus local culinary heroes William Bradley and Matt Gordon.
The Hilton Torrey Pines ballroom glittered as guests, seated at intimate tables of eight, were served a five-course dinner personally prepared tableside by one of the evening's chefs. –Photography by Tim King


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There will be no share of the Jayhawk League championship this year for the Grizzlies after travelling to Independence and ending the regular season with an 8-0 victory.
The Grizzlies received a four goal effort from sophomore striker Alyssa Miller and a hat-trick from midfielder Morgan Foster to grab the blowout win.
Abby Ponce added a goal late in the match and Alyssia Salinas had four assists.
Lamya Scott, Tasja Toumasis and Foster each added an assist in the scoring fest.
Goalkeeper Aisling Dyer was forced to make one save in the contest earning the clean sheet for Butler.
The win moved the Grizzlies to 18-2 overall rounding out the regular season having won 15 consecutive matches.
The conference title is the sixth for Butler since the program's inception in 2001 and their second straight.
The Lady Grizzlies now move on to the Region VI tournament as the top seed.
The tournament will begin this Monday at 1 p.m. at BG Products Veterans Sports Complex against an opponent to be named.
In the most recent NJCAA Women's soccer poll the Grizzlies moved from being ranked the sixth best team in the nation now to the fourth.
Two of the schools in front of Butler in the polls, in Brevard and Iowa Western, account for the only Grizzlies defeats this season.
Location, ST | website.com


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Woodstock: Behind the Scenes
Have you ever wondered what goes on behind the scenes at a photo shoot? At the shoot for our Fall 2012 pattern collection, we worked hard to get beautiful photographs… But still found time to be a little goofy.
5 Comments Post a comment
Mandycharlie #
The cardigan when your singing, what is that called, it is gorgeous. I need a link.August 7, 2012
I love that you comandeer *everyone's* clothing in the making of these booklets.August 9, 2012


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I am currently studying Informatics and Computer Science. Cause I know there are quite a lot of programmers here on SE, I would like to ask for advice on speeding up my coding.
First, a brief outline of my problem:
- things that other students solve within 10 minutes, I solve in days;
- during tests that are intended to check our knowledge of language and contain several problems to be solved in 30 minutes I usually have completed only the "algorithm" part, because when I start coding, my thinking is as slow as a broken down snail;
- I miss almost all of the deadlines;
- practice,practice and practice doesn't help - no improvement.
Second, what I am not doing:
- procrastinating - concentration on the task is as deep as possible;
- waiting until the last minute- it is not for me, I start my work almost immediately;
- skipping the theoretical part - I orientate quickly in algorithms and remember by heart what library functions perform, the structure of classes, syntax etc.
So, I tried to solve the problem by hiring a tutor who could help me debug and generate code (i.e. not write it for me, but sit nearby and give advice). This helped for the part of deadlines, but not with the speed of my coding.
Then, I had an idea to practice with a timer on - but I don't know how much time a professional programmer needs to complete each of the tasks. So I either set myself too much time and this leads to no result, or on the contrary too little time - and I get disappointed. As a conclusion, the speed of my thinking doesn't improve at all.
I would also like to add that with math classes everything is just fine and adding the timer solves all the speed problems. Probably it's because I started programming without any previous experience. But isn't two years enough to catch up to one's course mates?
Any other ideas of how to speed up?


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Few professional people begin their careers at 16, but Misty W. Griffin, DMD, owner and dentist at Forest Springs Family Dental, did exactly that. While growing up in Owensboro, she worked as a chair-side dental assistant to a pair of dentists.
"I always knew that I wanted to work in health care," she said. "Six months after starting to help in that Owensboro practice, I fell in love with this field. I've now been in dentistry for going on 21 years."
After graduating from the University of Louisville School of Dentistry in 2002, she moved to Lexington and spent several years in a dental practice residency through the University of Kentucky. She is married to Louisville native Hubert Priest "Bert" Griffin III; they have a three-year-old son, Priest.
"While I was in school, I had talked a lot with a classmate about becoming partners in a practice," she said. "But after graduation, I wasn't ready to become an owner, so I associated and did various things. She opened a practice; and by the time I was ready to own, she was relocating to Denver, so I bought it from her."
Misty hung out her shingle at Forest Springs Family Dental (12466 LaGrange Road) in November 2009. Its location, in The Shops of Forest Springs, near the Gene Snyder Freeway, has proven to be convenient for her patients as well as her staff: office manager Terri Bradley; dental hygienist Lynn Ball; and expanded-duty dental assistant Tina Bryan. Although small, the community service-oriented practice enjoys sponsoring events such as the Salvation Army's upcoming "Christmas in July."
"We treat everybody like family. I try to focus on what I would do if you were my mother, or if your mouth were mine – what would I want done?" she said. "I don't just say, 'You need a filling, come back and see me.' I try to educate the patient about the disease process and why it needs to be treated."
To achieve that goal, Forest Springs Family Dental uses the latest technology, including digital X-rays, which use low levels of radiation; and practice-management software that keeps patient charts instantly accessible. Local and "happy gas" anesthesia are offered; so are rewards for patients who bring in new referrals.
"I do full general-practice dentistry, which includes children, families – everybody. My oldest patient is 100," she said. "My niche is treating adults who have a great fear of dentistry. There are a lot of people who had bad experiences as kids, or have other reasons. I ask them about their past experiences. It helps to know exactly what they're afraid of, so we can work around those fears, walk them through it, and get their dental treatment done."
Forest Springs Family Dental, 12466 LaGrange Road, opens at 9 a.m. and closes at 5 p.m. on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday. For more information, visit www.forestspringsdental.com or call 502.241.3838; call for evening availability.


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Hello and greetings from England!
I am new to Dhamma Wheel seeing as this category is about introduction let me introduce myself
My name is Blake and I'm 19 years young, I turn 20 in October.
I'm currently a student in College studying level 2 site carpentry.
My reason for signing up? - Well a few years a go I was visiting Sri Lanka on holiday with my parents as my dad has just been put in remission from cancer, whilst their I discovered Buddhism and I was so intrigued everything about it I could relate too!
Since then I've been fascinated by everything to do with Buddhism so this night I was searching forums and stumbled across this one and thought why not sign up and get more of an understanding and perhaps get some questions answered that I am curious about?
I have two questions to already fire away with
Number 1) I have tattoos all with a meaning - I have an Angel on my upper arm with my Grandparents names and dates of birth and death, I have my family name down my forearm and a script with mum and dad written in it on my wrist, I'm also getting a half sleeve on my other forearm with my brothers and sisters names entwined with a scroll reading "For Those I Love I Will Sacrifice" my main concern is I have a tattoo on my hand of a Celtic cross because I have Irish heritage but I feel if I wish to study Buddhism and perhaps even become a monk (If that is even possible for me?) that my tattoos will hinder me or they will be frowned upon, I have be contemplating for a while to have the one on my hand removed, and I feel that if I could become a monk if it was removed then I would certainly go through with it.
Sorry for such a long post and I can't wait to meet the rest of you and hear what you have to say, enjoy your Day/Afternoon/Evening or Night wherever you may be in the world!


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Hello again, (my old user name was Jim Z)
I'm trying to get Panomatic to work... any suggestions or help would be very much appreciated.
I was computerless for a while, and my present return to PTA is with a Windows 7 64 bit, 4 core AMD machine. My PTA installation works properly with manually set control points. Panomatic starts with the 'autocreate' button, the DOS-looking window shows a couple pages worth of script/verbose/lines, and then quits (Panomatic quits, PTA stays open and running). There are no control points, and no further action from PTA; ie no optimizer run, or error messages.
I've tried both the SSE and No SSE versions of Panomatic. And tried '-n1' etc aguements, but nothing makes a difference. FWIW, the check installation and ini files look ok, so far as I can tell.
PTA install is 5.8 beta, and panomatic is configured from the 'preferences' box.
Also, I don't think that it is large photo file size problem, I tried using Max's four sample (in the PTA tutorial) images, and have the same problem.
Anyone have any tips or suggestions for setting up Panomatic? Thanks much!
Jim Z


text: Wow, I haven't made a tut in a while... I just finished watching this anime called Chobits, and it was AMAZING. I even got my cousin into it XD Anyway, for the sake of people seeing this tutorial, PLEASE DO NOT TELL WHO THIS CHOBIT IS IN THE COMMENTS. THANK YOU. :)


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Vieira tops impressive Blues on the Green line-up
- 19 September 2013 12:43
- Posted by @dclayton_mcfc
City in the Community are delighted to announce that Patrick Vieira is the special guest at the first Blues on the Green charity Golf Day.
The current MCFC EDS Manager and World Cup Winner, will be appearing for an exclusive Q&A session, where all participants will have the opportunity to grill Patrick on all things Manchester City
Patrick will be joined at Blues on the Green, by a host of former players including Mike Summerbee, Tommy Booth, Gary Owen and Joe Corrigan.
With places still available, you can still be part of this unique charity event, and compete to be the first winners of the Blues on the Green trophy.
All proceeds will be reinvested into City in the Community projects so your participation will have a direct impact on the lives of people across Manchester that City in the Community work with on a daily basis.
If, like Patrick, you would like to support City in the Community, or you have a love of golf, register today to be part of Blues on the Green and have the opportunity to question Patrick on the future stars of MCFC and his career as a Premier League, Euro Championships and World Cup winner.
Taking place on the 10 October, all players will enjoy 18 holes of golf with a shotgun start, buggies for all players and an evening meal and entertainment.
With great and individual prizes to be won, the day promises to be a test for all golfing fanatics.
Don't miss out, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com or call 0161 438 7836 to register your team.


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WHEELING - Class AA or Class A, it didn't matter. Stephen Rogalski was in a class all by himself.
His coach at Magnolia High School, Mark Batton, saw it from the very beginning.
''When we first saw him come on the field we knew he was a special player,'' said Batton, who guided the Blue Eagles to a Class AA state crown in 2010.
Article Photos
"What a contribution he's made to the program as a whole," Batton said. "He's a very special player."
Members of the West Virginia Sports Writers Association thought so, too, and named the Magnolia speedster the offensive captain for the Class A all-state football team.
"He was the emphasis of a lot of opposing defensive coordinators, that's for sure," Batton said. "And while we may have struggled a few times getting him the ball, that just opened things up for other players.
"He worked hard to get open and we worked hard to get him the ball."
Despite being double-teamed on a regular basis, the 5-foot-11 senior hauled in 62 passes this fall for 898 yards and six touchdowns. The yardage total is the same as 2011 on three more receptions.
"We always knew he had the ability," Batton said. "You could see that in the way he carried himself. He was a special person to coach."
Rogalski wasn't a one-trick pony. Batton utilized him on kicks, as well. This season he returned two punts and one kickoff for touchdowns. He also rushed for 294 yards and four more scores.
Defensively, Rogalski made 35 stops and picked off a pass.
Clearly, Rogalski, who played in three state semifinal games, was the complete package.
"Stephen came to practice every day prepared," Batton said. "He was a leader, a vocal guy ... always upbeat.
"He provided great leadership. I know the younger guys respected him."
One of those guys was junior Drew Keller, one of the first-team running backs.
Keller, the latest in the stellar group of family members to play at Magnolia recently, rushed for a hair more than 1,300 yards and 12 touchdowns. He also caught 25 passes for 348 yards.
Meadow Bridge's Jake Parker leads the running back corps after rushing for a whopping 2,211 yards and 28 TDs.
Wahama's Kane Roush rounds out the runners after churning out 1,543 yards and 22 TDs in helping lead the White Falcons to the Class A championship.
The team Wahama beat in the thrilling title tilt, Madonna, had the first-team quarterback in Ross Comis.
A junior, Comis was dual threat, rushing for more than 1,300 yards and 19 touchdowns and throwing for a shade more than 1,000 and 12 scores.
Joining Rogalski at receiver is East Hardy's Josh Parker, who caught 53 balls for 1,287 yards.
Wheeling Central's C.J. Burch is the utility player.
Thrust into the role of Maroon Knights quarterback because of an injury to Parker Henry, Burch shined. He carried the ball 251 times for 1,637 yards and 21 TDs and threw for 763 yards and nine more scores.
Providing protection up front are Wahama's Zack Killingsworth, Clay-Battelle's Tyler Menas, St. Marys' Alan Pratt, Wirt County's Scott Lowe and Greenbrier West's Zack Johnson.
Williamstown's Garrett Butler, last week named an all-stater in soccer, is the kicker. He was 33 of 34 on extra-points and converted six field schools, including a school-record 50-yarder.
The first-team defense is captained by Wahama's Zack Wamsley. He made 91 tackles and 4.5 sacks and picked off a pair passes. His field goal against Magnolia sent his team to the title game.
"He's been our leading tackler for three years," Wahama coach Ed Cromley said. "He's held our defense together. He's been a great leader."
The other linebackers are Magnolia's Kage Rohde (93.5 tackles), St. Marys' Derek Barnhart (75.5 tackles) and Tucker County's Mike Adkins (137 tackles).
Wheeling Central's Braxton Nolte, a return selection, and Madonna's Nate Guio help comprise a defensive line that also includes Tug Valley's Isaac Parsley.
Nolte made 97 stops for Coach Mike Young, while Guio had 66 tackles. Parsley registered 93 stops and seven sacks.
Tyler Consolidated's Hunter LeMasters rode 99.5 tackles to a first-team defensive back spot. Joining him are Buffalo's Levi Jordan. Jordan who helped anchor a unit that allowed an average of 76 passing yards per game.
Doddridge County's Daniel Plaugher (90 tackles, three interceptions) and Tucker County's Derek Nestor are the other DBs.
Greenbrier West's Malik Boatwright is the utility player. He made 45 tackles on defense, averaged 22 yards per punt return, averaged nearly 30 yards per kickoff return and rushed for 1,650 yards and 18 touchdowns.
Midland Trail's Jake Grimmett is the punter. He averaged 40.4 yards per boot, including a long of 60 yards.
Madonna's Eliott Nero is captain of the second-team offense at the utility spot. He excelled at rushing, receiving and kick returns.
''His offensive numbers aren't what they would be if he was the featured back,'' Blue Dons coach Doug Taylor said. ''Add up all of his yardage on offense, defense and special teams and he had close to 1,100 yards.'
Madonna's Josh Martin was selected as an offensive lineman, along with Wheeling Central's Chance Siebieda.
Wheeling Central's Bradley Cottrell is the kicker, while Tyler Consolidated's Alex Doak is a receiver.
The second-team defense is captained by Bishop Donahue linebacker Jordan Bonar.
''With his versatility and athleticism we played him at safety some, too,'' Bishops coach John Durdines said. ''He has that nature ability and great instincts.''
Madonna's Garrett Hypes joins Bonar in the linebacking corps.
Magnolia's Kyle Ritz is a defensive lineman.
For Madonna, Nick Ossman was a special mention selection and Will Bowser and Garrett Bever honorable mention choices.


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Blackboard stickers, Balloons
Write on it in chalk or chalk felt tip and wipe it clean with a damp sponge. Whimsical images designed by artist Marc Boutavant is printed on high quality, Non-toxic self adhesive, water-resistant polypropylene film. It may be cleaned with a soft wet sponge.
The blackboard ticker is easy to fix on furniture units, household electrical goods, walls and doors (smooth, clean and dry). Wait at least 4 weeks before you fix a sticker on a freshly-painted wall or surface. Materials such as bare concrete, unpainted plaster and plasterboard, silicone surfaces, coated surfaces, roughcast surfaces, fibreglass wall coverings and matte paint are not suitable. To remove easily, we recommend blowing on it with a hair-dryer (low temperature) at a distance of 8" from the sticker.
This blackboard sticker Come in 9.4"x 14" flat package with 2 sheets of motifs and detailed instruction inside. Finished design is 18"x 13.5".
Designed and made in France.


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Gessler, Diana Hollingsworth - Books
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If your mom (or the mom you're shopping for) loves to read, then she'll love getting a new book for Mother's Day. If you're not sure which book will be the perfect gift for her, try one of these. A literary Mother's Day gift (plus a little peace and quiet to enjoy it) is sure to make her day. Mother's Day Book Gifts: Books that give her a sweet escape: If your mom could use a way to relax and let her mind go somewhere fantastic, she needs fiction . Read More
Shop Overstock™ and find the best online deals on everything for your home and your family. We work every day to bring you discounts on new products across our entire store. Whether you're looking for memorable gifts or everyday essentials, you can buy them here for less. Not just anyone's mobile outlet, your mobile outlet.O.com ® Ethical Pricepoints ™


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Frankfurt - Houston
Frankfurt - Johannesburg
Frankfurt - Miami
Frankfurt - Singapore
Frankfurt - Shanghai
By the way: you can reserve your flight with price guarantee for 48 hours. Just select "Pay later" when booking and via entering your credit card number, your desired flight will be reserved. Under "My Bookings" you can then purchase your reserved flight at the guaranteed price within 48 hours – without paying extra charges.
Fly to the world
Flights Miami | Flights New York | Flights Bangkok | Flights Los Angeles | Flights Barcelona | Flights San Francisco | Flights Nice | Flights Rome | Flights Madrid


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Improve Data Center Energy Efficiency
As enterprises evolve to meet new customer needs, so must IT infrastructures fulfilling intensive data exchanges in organizations.
The rapid proliferation of IT creates a massive demand for energy, and energy allocated to data centers—as much as half in some cases—is unnecessarily wasted through inefficiency and improperly managed devices. Advances in energy efficient IT equipment coupled with innovative consumption methods represent untapped opportunities for capturing data center operation savings.
Virtualize core applications onto a single platform. Innovative virtualization software consolidates server density, improving utilization and reducing IT capital and operating costs.
IT leaders should also deploy the most efficient Intel® technologies, led by refreshing old servers with newer Intel® Xeon® processors. The latest Intel® processor-based servers reduce server space, cooling costs, and energy usage. And with Intel® 10 Gigabit Ethernet unified networking solutions, not only simplify the infrastructure but deliver higher performance per watt systems.
Monitor, trend, and manage facilities to maximize and drive ongoing efficiency. New data center technologies and tools provide direct power management and control features that monitor individual system levels and dynamically adjust power allocations. Empower IT and data center managers with policy-based management and provisioning to meet mission-critical demands or scale back power to reduce idling cores.
Intel® Xeon® Processor-based Server Refresh Savings Estimator
Accurately predicting a technology upgrade's value is critical for prioritizing limited capital funds and maintaining IT credibility with business stakeholders. Over the past few years, Intel IT has continuously developed a financial methodology that it uses to estimate the benefits and returns of server upgrades and refreshes.


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Find Cleveland, Ohio apartments for rent!Individuals looking to rent apartments in Cleveland will find a large cosmopolitan city with a wide variety of cultural, professional and recreational opportunities to explore.
Sports fans who rent apartments in Cleveland will be able to watch professional baseball, basketball and football games. The city is located on the shores of Lake Erie, which is home to numerous parks and attractions, including the Great Lakes Science Center and Donald Gray Garden.
Professionals who rent apartments in Cleveland will find easy access to Burke Lakefront Airport and Cleveland Hopkins International Airport. Major interstates, including I-90, are within easy driving distance of the downtown metro area, allowing easier access to the region's businesses. Those who rent an apartment in Cleveland will also discover a city with a history dating back more than 200 years.
Another local attraction that Cleveland apartment renters will want to check out is the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In total, apartment renters in Cleveland will have access to a wide range of cultural activities. The Cleveland Museum of Art is one example, while the city also boasts a Museum of Contemporary Art and the Cleveland Pops Orchestra. Another major cultural attraction is the Playhouse Square Center, which is one of the highlights of the downtown theater district.
Finally, culinary options from all regions of the world abound in Cleveland, providing one more reason to consider renting an apartment there.
Looking for apartments in Cleveland? Look no further than ApartmentGuide.com to find Cleveland apartments for rent and learn more about this neighborhood.


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BROCKTON – A Brockton mother and her boyfriend were indicted Monday by a grand jury in the beating death of 4-year-old Chauncey Cohen in 2013.
Antonio Durham, 32, of Brockton was indicted on a murder charge in the boy's death in June 2013 and Cohen's mother, Tania Merisca, was indicted on one count of being an accessory after the fact of the commission of a felony, Plymouth County District Attorney Timothy Cruz's office announced Monday.
On June 2, 2013, Merisca, 26, told authorities her son had become unresponsive while she was giving him a bath. She drove him to Good Samaritan Medical Center, where he was pronounced dead, authorities said.
A medical examiner determined Cohen's cause of death was blunt-force trauma to the abdomen and the manner of death was homicide, Cruz's office said.
Cohen had been living with Merisca and Durham at the Holiday Inn Express on Westgate Drive in Brockton.
The pair will be arraigned in Brockton Superior Court at a later date.
Benjamin Paulin may be reached at email@example.com.
Location, ST | website.com


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Presentation at Art Center College of Design:
The design pages were made in adobe illustrator and the illustrations are in gouache and marker.
great work.
thank you for posting this, these are so inspiring. cool to see something so different from you.
wow, these are amazing! thanks for sharing them nathan!!
Whoa! Cool stuff! I freaking love the gauche paintings.
I love science fiction concept art so i slip it into everything i can at Sheridan.
I frigin love that u post stuff like this. this is without a doubt my favorite blog!!!!!! thanks Nathan it's awesome.
wow Nathan, what a treat to share all of these. Thanks so much!
i love it!!!! Thanks for sharing these images!
Thats great Nathan! i will take this over photoshop/maya/terragen anyday. :)
these are really awesome nathan!
This is very impressive.
Alright Nathan!
Next stop the Alpha Centauri system!!!
Very Cool!!
dude, those are so syd mead it hurts! Amazing work
These excels among the others. Amazing pieces, completely inspiring!
Very nice and very credible Nathan, thanks for posting these!
Holy cow thats an amazing body of work. Talk about taking initiative :)
you are crazy!! jajaj es buenisimo!!!!
These are really cool! - man you can
paint sci-fi like berkey.
I start ACCD at night in a couple weeks for Ent.Design.
Your work is awesome, I really enjoy your form and edges. Nice charcoal drawings.
Mind blowing stuff as usual!
Thanks for posting these :)
No fair! You've been amazing for decades!
Damn, I was hoping your work from back when you were a student would suck, but you were a god even back then!
I really hope to take one of your classes one day.
Excellent Work! You'd be pleased to know that the original "Project Daedalus" is getting an upgrade by the British Interplanetary Society in conjunction with the Tau Zero Foundation...
...they might be keen to look at your efforts. 3-D and computer animation is being done by Adrian Mann, who has an awesome set of "Daedalus" pictures online...
...check it out!
Very interesting work, Nathan -- nice stuff. Back in the 80s I painted one of the most-published images of Daedalus, as used by the BIS etc.! Have you thought of joining the IAAA (www.iaaa.org)?
Beautiful art Nathan.
You may be interested to know that Project Daedalus is being re-examined today - please take a look at www.icarusinterstellar.org. We have just begun work and are expecting a five year study with over 35,000 hours of R&D. I've been looking around for your email but can't seem to find it anywhere. Feel free to contact us. Perhaps you'd be interested in contributing some concept art?
If I can find it, I'll scan it and pass it on, but there was an article about this in a magazine call Space Voyager, a UK publication of the early 90's. I'm sure it was your work! Anyway, awesome work all the same!
What words can I use to describe my impression of your work...all of your work? How about a simple "WOW!"
Have you noticed ed hardy Clothing that she is spending time with ed hardy sale one person in particular ed hardy and they seemed to come from ed hardy UK nowhere. When you ask how she ed hardy cheap knows them she becomes aloof and ed hardy Clothes disinterested. Is there someone's house ed hardy store she seems to be always going to? This edhardy.com could spell something is wrong with the christian audigier sale relationship. Is she taking trips, possibly day ed hardy dresses trips or small vacations without you? If ed hardy Polos she was doing this before you even ed hardy sandals got married or dated, then it may be okay, but if it is a recent ed hardy Jackets development then you may have problems.
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This is such a cute post! i love it! hope u r doing well!
Its really a great.
I frigin love that u post stuff like this. this is without a doubt my favorite blog!!


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I have to insert about 2 million rows from a text file.
And with inserting I have to create some master tables.
What is the best and fast way to insert such a large set of data into SQL Server?
We started with Q&A. Technical documentation is next, and we need your help.
Whether you're a beginner or an experienced developer, you can contribute.
I have to insert about 2 million rows from a text file.
And with inserting I have to create some master tables.
What is the best and fast way to insert such a large set of data into SQL Server?
after doing step 1 at the top
you can check this article for detail : Bulk Insertion of Data Using C# DataTable and SQL server OpenXML function
But its not tested with 2 million record, it will do but consume memory on machine as you have to load 2 million record and insert it.
You can try with SqlBulkCopy class.
There is a cool blog post about how you can use it.
I ran into this scenario recently (well over 7 million rows) and eneded up using sqlcmd via powershell (after parsing raw data into SQL insert statements) in segments of 5,000 at a time (SQL can't handle 7 million lines in one lump job or even 500,000 lines for that matter unless its broken down into smaller 5K pieces. You can then run each 5K script one after the other.) as I needed to leverage the new sequence command in SQL Server 2012 Enterprise. I couldn't find a programatic way to insert seven million rows of data quickly and efficiently with said sequence command.
Secondly, one of the things to look out for when inserting a million rows or more of data in one sitting is the CPU and memory consumption (mostly memory) during the insert process. SQL will eat up memory/CPU with a job of this magnitude without releasing said processes. Needless to say if you don't have enough processing power or memory on your server you can crash it pretty easily in a short time (which I found out the hard way). If you get to the point to where your memory consumption is over 70-75% just reboot the server and the processes will be released back to normal.
I had to run a bunch of trial and error tests to see what the limits for my server was (given the limited CPU/Memory resources to work with) before I could actually have a final execution plan. I would suggest you do the same in a test environment before rolling this out into production.
I use the bcp utility. (Bulk Copy Program) I load about 1.5 million text records each month. Each text record is 800 characters wide. On my server, it takes about 30 seconds to add the 1.5 million text records into a SQL Server table.
The instructions for bcp are at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms162802.aspx
I've solved similar issue by generating INSERT statements and feeding it into
At least it's faster than using Linq2Sql or Entity Framework.
And as CR41G14 noted - it's critical to decouple pre-processing and submitting.


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Source: Edmunds
quote: My view of "Yank V8s" is that a lot of them appear to be very much lacking in power, presumably to use less fuel. Would this be an accurate assessment? Are a lot of V8s simply underpowered?
quote: However you still have the mechanical friction of 4 more cylinders dragging down fuel econ.
quote: Plus the weight of the engine......The weight is even more significant when Euro drivers tend to put more emphasis on handing. The big heavy lump of a V8 really screws handling when compared to a lighter 4 or 6.


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/ NEWS: Some Oliana action
Climbing and outdoor brand HANCHOR has taken a unique and fresh approach to chalk bag design that challenges the status quo.... Read more
Outdoor clothing brand Mountain Equipment has been awarded 'Leader Status' by Fair Wear Foundation, the highest of... Read more
Few climbing areas are as instantly inspiring as the crags in the mountains around Teverga, just one of the climbing areas in... Read more
Admit it, you're guilty. When you fall off, it's never your fault. The conditions weren't right, your belayer is an inattentive... Read more
For Babsi Zangerl, climbing the intimidating Bellavista, one of the hardest alpine multi-pitches in the world at 8c, wasn't about... Read more


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A Publication of Fitnah – Movement for Women's Liberation
June/July 2014
Volume 2, Issues 6 and 7
Editor: Maryam Namazie
Design: Kiran Opal
* The unfolding of a human tragedy, On the Israeli-Palestinian issue, Interview with Nira Yuval-Davis
* ISIS is no-one's representative, Interview with Houzan Mahmoud
* Newsflash June/July 2014
* Campaign: Reyhaneh Jabbari's stay of execution. We must keep the pressure on.""
* Editorial: Murder can never justified, On the Israeli offensive on Gaza, Maryam Namazie
* Conference Update: Join Historic International Conference on the Religious-Right, Secularism and Civil Rights
The unfolding of a human tragedy
On the Israeli-Palestinian issue
Interview with Nira Yuval-Davis
Maryam Namazie: I wanted to ask you about the Israeli-Palestinian issue; it's a human tragedy unfolding before our eyes.
Nira Yuval-Davis: It is a human tragedy and it's more than that. It's important to emphasise that this is not something that has started now or even in 1967 or 1948. This is something that has been going on in different ways (and not to the terrible way that it is now though it has always been in many ways horrible) since the beginning of the settler-colonial project of the Zionist movement. The Zionist movement sought to solve the so-called 'Jewish problem' – the terrible persecution and pogroms of Jews and anti-Semitism in Europe that culminated in the extermination and genocide of Jews under the Nazis. They sought national liberation but because of the dispersal of the Jewish population did it in a manner that was popular during that time – of settler-colonialism. In such projects, the indigenous people, in this case the Palestinians, were completely invisible, or when they were visible, there were all kinds of assumptions that either they will disappear (and settlers were always happy to 'help' the indigenous people to 'disappear' by various acts of genocide), assimilate or like, in the utopian Altneuland (Old New Land) of Hertzl, they would willingly become second-rate citizens. What's happening now in Gaza is of course the latest manifestation and the whole evolution and various dislocations that this country has had during more than 100 years, and with all its national, regional and global implications.
Maryam Namazie: When you look at this situation, you find people mainly either siding with the Israeli state or siding with Hamas and the Islamists, whereas in fact there are so many people who are opposed to both and who want real peace.
Nira Yuval-Davis: We should not forget that Israeli security originally helped to bring about the birth of Hamas in the same way that the Taliban was helped and supported by the CIA. This is because they thought that the British imperial policy of 'divide-and-rule' would be the best weapon to weaken the PLO and divide the Palestinian resistance. Unfortunately, they succeeded too well but, of course, in their kind of racist superiority they didn't think that Hamas and the Palestinians in general are not just puppets; they have their own agency and would use the support that had been given to them to promote their own project, which was Muslim Fundamentalism. And unfortunately now, this is a rising political project of belonging and we see for the first time in the history of the Middle East a series of territories controlled by Muslim Fundamentalists – ISIS in Syria, what is happening in Iraq and Libya, the ongoing fight in Egypt… So we shouldn't see the rule of Hamas in Gaza in isolation. And this is one of the reasons that once the PLO was willing to have a unity government with Hamas, Israel became so scared by this. In a way, what is happening now is a direct result of the Israeli government being absolutely determined not to facilitate this unity government and in this sense they achieved this immediate goal, At least for now, but at what cost? The other goal was to end Palestinian resistance, especially in Gaza, which has faced a complete blockade especially now that the military Junta in Egypt is cooperating so closely with Israel. Gaza has no outlets on the Egyptian side, Israeli side or via the sea. In a way they have almost nothing to lose, except, of course those they are very willing to sacrifice – women and children and the people. But, on the other hand, people will not resist them because there is no alternative unless Israel and the world, by exerting pressure on Israel, will allow the space for alternatives to emerge. Otherwise, they are not going to exist. [Read more…]


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8 WTF Aircraft Designs That Actually Caught Air
Ask any 6-year-old kid to draw an airplane, and he can do it -- it's a couple of wings and a couple of fins attached to a long thing in the middle. The engines are either on the wings, or stuck to the fuselage. Even the most space-age fighter aircraft don't stray far from that template.
But aircraft designers can think outside the box just like everybody else. And what's most surprising of all is that all of the insane designs below actually flew, with varying degrees of success.
#8. De Lackner HZ-1 Aerocycle
Oh, bullshit. That thing looks less plausible than 80 percent of Inspector Gadget's inventory. But yes, it was real, and yes, it flew.
In the 1950s, the American soldier needed to get across a battlefield, but also needed to avoid things like mines, which vehicles have a nasty habit of detonating. The aerocycle seemed perfect for the job, regardless of how stupid it looked. It was basically an open air, stand-up helicopter crossed with a Segway.
It looks like something Johnny Quest should be riding.
And we didn't just throw out that Segway comparison at random -- operators would steer this contraption by "shifting their weight." Oh, and it was amphibious, too. Amazingly, things looked great in development, with Army brass saying the aerocycle was the modern equivalent of cavalry horses. And while having a battalion of flying soldiers riding open, whirling blades into battle sounds awesome, it was sadly not meant to be.
On the plus side, the fate of this aerocycle's pilot lead to the invention of salsa.
They started testing untrained men on the aerocycle prototypes, figuring the intuitive controls would be like riding a bike. And it actually was like riding a bike, in that you have to crash a bunch before you finally figure it out (it didn't help that the craft would pitch wildly in windy conditions). Even testing for the device's parachute went badly. Out of the dozen built, only one survived until the end of the project in 1957. And you know what? We still kind of want one.
Modern Mechanix
This thing was made for beer and aquatic Frisbee golf.
#7. Hafner Rotabuggy
In 1943, the Brits needed two things: a way to get vehicles quickly out of firefights, and a way to deploy vehicles so they aren't an easy target. British engineers thought, You would need a Jeep-like helicopter to do that! Thus, the Hafner Rotabuggy was born.
No, we didn't just run an old G.I. Joe cartoon through a black and white filter.
Despite an outlandish design that was eccentric even by British standards, testing went fairly well with both the flying and driving aspects (despite problems like difficulty flying in high-wind speeds and, we imagine, the temptation to turn on the rotors while on the ground to try to plow through enemy infantry like a lawnmower). Hafner was just about to score a major contract in late 1944, but other more conventional aircraft soon proved to be much better for carrying armored vehicles than, say, a ridiculous flying Jeep. The contract was canceled, but the Rotabuggy lives on in museums, and in the dreams of every reader who is right now imagining chopping their way through a zombie apocalypse in one of them.
When you get bored, you just fly away.
#6. Goodyear Inflatoplane
It's rare for the words "durable" and "inflatable" to wind up in the same product description with any kind of honesty. Yet, when the U.S. Army needed some inexpensive new ways to make rescue aircraft, they decided to give the inflatable inflatoplane a chance in 1955.
"Who wouldn't trust their life to a plane that could be crippled by a thumbtack?"
Made of a rubber and nylon mix, the plane took only about five minutes to inflate, and could fly as fast as 72 mph.
"We have too many pilots, and we can't afford to pay pensions for all of them."
But the Army kind of knew things were off when they saw it only took three months to design and build the thing (normal planes usually go through years of research and development alone). They soon figured out that refueling was a nightmare, as fabric does not usually make an ideal gas tank. Also, it could only take an additional load of 240 pounds, which meant bad news for the overweight soul hoping to be rescued. Testing was also a nightmare, especially when the aircraft banked slightly and the wings would fall off.
While the dozen or so built somehow did make a few successful rescues, the accidents and overall ridiculousness of the design outweighed any benefit. After the Army's official position comically stated in 1960 that there was no "valid military use for an aircraft that could be brought down by a well-aimed bow and arrow," the project would be canceled in 1962.
Word got out that the Russians were training anti-aircraft mosquitoes.
#5. Vought XF5U
What, you thought planes needed wings to fly? You owe the XF5U an apology, buddy.
During World War II, the U.S. Navy was fighting in the Pacific and needed planes that could save on fuel but also fly extremely fast, regardless of how fucking ridiculous they looked. That led to the XF5U -- a disc-shaped plane that looked like a UFO (and in fact got reported as such during test flights), nicknamed "the flying flapjack."
Two of them were built, and testing somehow went pretty well. Innovations in the propellers reduced drag, making the plane much more efficient. But the Navy then decided to switch to jet-powered planes just after the war, dooming the propeller-driven XF5U and its highly unconventional design. When it came time to destroy the prototype, the thing was so solidly built they had to use a wrecking ball ... and the first two strikes didn't even leave a dent in it.
Couldn't the government recoup its development costs by selling old experimental planes to super-villains?


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I upgraded my laptop to the latest release of Ubuntu and now its not loading the normal way from the Grub menu. By normal I mean, picking the "Ubuntu" option from the grub menu.
To load Ubuntu, I have to pick a new option showing up in grub named "Previous Ubuntu version". Why is it acting this way? I have also attached the snapshot where the loading process just gets stuck.


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Making the Most of Standardized Tests
In This Article:
Whether or not you find a particular standardized test appropriate, your child still needs to perform at his or her best. Consider the following test-taking suggestions from the U.S. Department of Education's Educational Resources Information Center on Assessment and Evaluation:
- Talk to your child's teacher often to monitor his or her progress and to find out what activities you can do at home that may help your child's test performance.
- Be aware of your child's test performance and be sure that you can interpret the results when they become available.
- Make sure your child is well-rested and eats a well-rounded diet.
- Encourage your child to listen carefully to test-taking directions and ask questions about any instructions that are unclear.
- Don't be overly anxious about test scores, but encourage your child to take tests seriously.
- Tell your child that the best way to prepare for tests -- whether they're teacher-made or standardized -- is to study and know the subjects.
More on: Testing


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Guest Lodging Accommodations for any events booked through AUM Conference Services are available at great prices. Choosing to stay on campus during your scheduled conference or event puts you not more than 5 - 10 minutes away from a wide selection of restaurants and entertainment, and is conveniently located next to I-85. Lodging features include free Wi-Fi, free laundry facilities, free parking, and optional Wellness Center access.
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| Pelham, R. O., Merrick & Co., Aurora, Colorado
This discussion tracks a material flow through the steam system, starting with feed and continuing with steam generation, steam uses and, finally, condensate recovery.
[heat transfer]
[steam systems]
Refinery and petrochemical plant engineering staffs must
understand complex-wide steam systems, and they should seek to
improve the performance of these systems. Here, the adaptation
of existing facilities in response to process
changes in the refinery or petrochemical complex is
Pursuant to the
January 2013 article, Improve your plant-wide steam
network, this article is concerned with improving the
performance of existing steam equipment. Several
articles13 have been written over the years
regarding ways to improve steam systems. These articles have
mainly focused on specific elements or pieces of
the total system, and they touch on the timeless issues of
boiler performance, steam turbines, steam reboilers/heaters,
letdowns, process uses, condensate recovery, steam traps,
deaerating, etc. Also highlighted are some aspects that
generally receive less attention, or that are altogether
Industry has not developed a specific metric that defines
overall steam system performance. For the most part, it is left
to the knowledge and experience of the engineers and operators
to observe and develop improvements. Since the utility
system engineer is frequently chosen from the ranks of
younger engineers, and since operations personnel are
responsible for their process area only and not the refinery-wide steam system, progress
can be slow.
After completing all the steps discussed in Part 1 of this
article, the total system is understoodbut what comes
next? How does one go about improving the system? There are a
number of items to look for and consider. The following
discussion tracks a logical material flow through the steam
system, starting with the feed (i.e., cold, demineralized
water), and continuing with steam generation, steam uses (and
abuses) and, finally, condensate recovery.
Preheating treated makeup water to
deaerator. Most energy-conservation schemes in refining come down to one of two
approaches: either not using the energy in the first place, or
recovering more energy from the multitude of streams being
cooled in air or water coolers. In the latter case, the
limitation is not the heat available, but rather having
sufficient ΔT to recover the heat (i.e., second law of
thermodynamics efficiencies, commonly referred to as
pinch technology).
The colder the sink into which heat is recovered, the more
ΔT is available. The two largest cold sinks in a refinery
are cold crude and cold deaerator makeup water. Heating cold
crude gets attention in crude preheat trains, and effort is
made to practically and economically recover all heat from
crude unit product streams prior to air and water cooling. The
equivalent opportunity to maximize recovery of waste heat
against cold makeup water rarely receives equivalent attention.
Instead, the bulk of water preheating is done with low-pressure
(LP) steam.
Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate a refinery setup
with letdown stations at various locations throughout the
plant. Some stations were metered and some were not. Steam to
the deaerator was not metered. Knowing the water rates around
the deaerator allowed a simple deaerator heat balance, which
gave an accurate measure of steam ratean eye-opening
Since deaerator feedwater still contains oxygen, heating to
the 100°F180°F range requires stainless steel
plumbing for exchanger and piping to the deaerator. A new
approach, which may reduce capital costs, is to deaerate the
cold feedwater using membrane technology.4 This
approach is now being introduced at some US refineries.
Boiler firing and efficiency. Clearly, if
fired boilers operate at 75% efficiency, it is unlikely that
the steam system can be deemed efficient. Issues
include standard ones, such as recovering stack heat with
economizer sections, and air preheating. A good stack
temperature objective is 400°F450°F. The aim of
control furnace firing is to maintain low excess air (e.g.,
less than 20%).
Boiler blowdown. Over the past 20 steam
system surveys, the author has observed blowdown rates of
between 3% and 13% of the boiler feedwater. The major cost of a
high blowdown rate is the cost of steam used to heat the cold
deaerator feedwater. Additional costs are incurred from raw
water cost, water-treating cost and sewage cost for the
Two factors are in play. First is the boiler feedwater
quality. Generally, in refineries, the feedwater quality is
well understood, and blowdown percentage (or cycles) is set
accordingly. If the blowdown target is high, the only solution
is improved water treating.
The second factor is blowdown control. Ideally, blowdown is
controlled automatically in ratio to boiler feedwater. In
practice, however, many boilers do not have automatic ratio
control. In that case, blowdown flow may be on flow control. A
setpoint is frequently used to ensure that the blowdown is
never less than the target percentage. Unfortunately, since
steam rate varies, blowdown is usually too high when the boiler
load is less than the maximum.
Worse still are boilers where no blowdown control is
present; blowdown must be done manually, by outside operators.
In this case, the actual blowdown rate is a guess. Given the
consequences to the boiler of too little blowdown, the actual
blowdown is set high as a precaution. When blowdown is high
(e.g., over 5%), cost should be calculated, as explained in the
preceeding article published in January 2013. That cost should
be compared to the cost of installing automatic blowdown
Header pressure control. On an overall
basis, most steam systems control the HP header pressure by
pressure control on boiler output. Intermediate and LP headers
are then controlled by letdown from above to maintain the
target pressure at the lower level. The general scheme is shown
in Fig. 3.
A few refineries and petrochemical complexes run HP
superheated boiler steam through large, double-extraction
turbines. The turbines generate power. The turbine extraction
rates are on pressure control at the desired intermediate
header pressures. These are large, sophisticated machines. The
practice is more common in European refineries than at US
plants, although the difference seems to be cultural rather
than technical or economic.
In terms of what to watch for in header pressure control,
the following should be considered:
In all cases, there are two things to consider. First, how
is the pressure controlled? Second, how is the target pressure
Typically, the HP header pressure will be controlled by
pressure control on fired-boiler output. In this setup, output
on more than one boiler may be ramped up or down together to
maintain target pressure. In other cases, some boilers may be
on flow control, and one swing boiler will handle
pressure control. These controls are normally in the utilities
control room or console, and they are handled by the utilities
However, the HP header control does not normally end there.
Somewhere in the refinery, there will be one or more letdown
stations. It is acceptable if these stations are configured and
set to maintain only an intermediate pressure below.
Frequently, however, the control may be set to maintain HP
header pressure locally. Common arguments are that the stations
are too far from the boilers, that there are restrictions in
the line, and that local HP waste-heat boilers are a
disturbance. Regardless, there is now more than one controller
performing control operations. It is key to ensure that HP
boilers are not working at one end to maintain a pressure, and
that letdowns on the same header are letting down to relieve
There are two things to keep in mind. First is the relative
setting of the pressure control targets at competing
controllers. The setpoints should not be configured so that the
letdown relief setpoint is at a higher pressure than the boiler
output pressure control (Fig. 4). In this
scenario, the boiler will increase output, and the letdown will
relieve the overpressure, in effect dumping excess boiler steam
into the lower-pressure systems. (Note: The
setpoints are typically configured by operators in different
process departments, with no overall coordination.)
Another overall issue to consider is the target pressure.
For example, if the nominal, 600-psi system is running at 580
psi, then the question to be answered is, Do we have the
flexibility to raise or lower the 600-psi system target
pressure, and, if so, where should we set it? In most
plants, this question is rarely asked. At the HP header, the
best practice is to run at the lowest pressure practical.
(Note: This is an operating recommendation for
an existing system; it may not apply in the design of a new
steam system.5)
The lower limit will be reached when, for example, a turbine
does not generate enough horsepower, a reboiler does not
provide enough heat, or a live steam stripper no longer meets
flashpoint. This issue is worth investigation, and operation at
lower pressure, with some operating margin, should be
considered. The benefits of running at lower pressure include
higher boiler efficiency, reduced line heat losses and reduced
steam loss at steam leaks.
Never assume that the nominal nameplate pressure is the
actual pressure, however. The author was recently involved in a
process and instrumentation (P&I) meeting between
engineering company designers and refining company operators. In the
meeting, it was revealed that the designers had assumed that
the 150-psi system was operating at 150 psi and had designed on
that basis. Refinery personnel knew that the 150-psi system ran
at 130 psi, but no one had ever pointed out that fact.
Intermediate-pressure headers raise similar questions to
those above, but they are more complex. There is a mixture of
steam supplies (e.g., letdown stations, process steam
generators, condensate flashing, back-pressure turbine
exhaust), as well as a mixture of uses (e.g., letdowns,
heating/reboiling, turbines and process steam).
The most critical question is, Are we sure that
controllers are not set somewhere that cause simultaneous
letdown from above (to maintain pressure) and letdown to below
(to relieve pressure)? Each option will look normal in
the particular process area in which it occurs, but it will not
be logical from a total system viewpoint.
It is always good practice to raise the question, What
has determined the actual pressure at which the pressure is
controlled? Is it arbitrary, or has it been lowered to
maximize power from a critical turbine that exhausts into this
header? Or has it been raised to achieve maximum power from a
turbine using this header as inlet steam, or from some reboiler where a few
more degrees were needed to bring sufficient heat into some
column? If there is no known constraint, then the benefits of
raising or dropping it by some Δpsi can be brought into
question. The answer can be in either direction; it is specific
to the steam suppliers and to the users connected to that
header. Chances are good that the pressure is suboptimal.
The LP header will have steam supply from letdowns, turbine
exhaust, waste-heat boilers and condensate flash. Uses are
limited to those things that can be achieved with steam having
a temperature of 240°F260°F (10 psi20 psi
of steam). Every steam system is different, but, overall,
refineries and petrochemical complexes tend to be
long on LP steam. If there is excess, it will vent to
Venting steamwhich ultimately comes from a fired
boileris expensive and frequently noisy; it is a visible
signal of imbalance and should be avoided if possible. However,
some refineries (in the authors experience, approximately
20%) treat continuous venting of LP steam as inevitable, and it
has become accepted as a simple cost of doing business.
One important thing to look for is whether different letdown
and atmospheric vent pressure controllers in different parts of
the complex are configured with the inlet setpoint higher than
the atmospheric vent setpoint. The result is continuous venting
(Fig. 5). The author has observed this
phenomenon on several occasions. Usually, the engineer attempts
to find the causes of the steam imbalance that is causing
excess LP steam to vent. This can be frustrating, as it is not
a material balance issue; it is a control problem. The solution
is to understand the normal setpoints of the letdown and vent
controls. Keep in mind that these controls are typically in
different sections of the refinery, controlled by operators in
different control rooms, and there is no overall
The solutions in these cases are:
Number of letdown stations. Discerning the
real number of letdown stations in a refinery is always an
interesting challenge. There are the official
stations, and there are also the forgotten ones.
Conversations with the boiler house operators will typically
elicit information about two to three letdowns from the HP
system. These may include a few that are under boiler house
control, and perhaps another significant one out in the
refinery. Beyond that, further investigation is generally
The discovery of additional letdown stations requires
conversations with process personnel in other areas of the
refinery or complex. These discussions will typically affirm
several more stations. This process typically requires some
debate and clarification as to exactly at which pressure levels
one or more of the letdown stations function.
The final effort is to make another investigative round,
this time including board operators in different control rooms.
It is advisable to ask about the letdown stations that are
unused or that have been shut in or removed in the past. This
process typically turns up one or two more candidates requiring
field inspection to find out what stations are still in use.
After this step is completed, all of the letdown stations can
be added to the steam system drawing.
The next step is to find out how much steam is actually
being let down. This is frequently a challenge. Some of the
main letdown stations may be metered; others may need to be
estimated by valve characteristic and ΔP across the
headers. Further insight might be gleaned by the steam system
The ultimate question to be answered is, How many
letdowns are really needed for system control? Generally,
the number is less than the number of existing letdowns. The
required approach is to ask why each letdown is needed.
Ideally, there is just one letdown between each pressure level;
i.e., a steam system with four pressure levels requires three
letdown stations. Justification for additional letdowns then
occurs. Typical justifications include:
These claims must be analyzed carefully. Reasonable concerns
are legitimate, although letdowns should not be added without a
thorough analysis of where and how many are needed.
In a recent steam system review, 11 letdown stations were
uncoveredthree in just one process unit. The
recommendation was to reduce the number of letdowns from 11 to
three, which required proper sizing of the stations.
What are reasonable letdown flowrates? Once
the number of letdown stations has been determined and
everything possible has been done to identify total steam
flows, two new issues emerge. First, the total aggregate amount
of steam being let down may be larger than realized.
(Note: This scenario is acceptable if it is
legitimately required for low-level uses.) Often, however, it
inspires ways to use LP steam that are much less efficient than
simply not making the steam in the first place. A telltale
indication is a large use for preheating cold deaerator
feedwater. That flow is generally not metered and is given
little recognition, and it is very easily calculated by
deaerator heat balance. The overall objectives are to minimize
LP steam consumption and, in turn, back up the system to reduce
boiler-fired steam production cost.
The second issue is that, when letdown rates are minimized,
the question then becomes, How much letdown is
legitimately required for system control? The author has
yet to establish a general guideline or best practice in this
area. Typically, a value of around 10% of steam demand at the
outlet pressure header is reasonable to maintain control. In
reality, it becomes a question of analyzing size, rate and
frequency of demand swings at the particular header, and using
some judgment as to the letdown capacity reasonably needed to
handle that level of demand variability.
Desuperheating. It is not uncommon to
discover at least one desuperheating station in a complex steam
system. It is typically found where there is a large letdown
steam flowrate, or where steam is superheated to begin with
(e.g., typical fired-boiler steam that has a superheater
section and becomes more superheated across the letdown
There are two points to understand. First, highly
superheated steam is not beneficial to most refinery users. It
is not advantageous for reboilers and steam heaters, since some
surface area is used up in cooling steam (low heat-transfer
coefficient and duty) as opposed to the surface area used up in
condensing steam (high heat-transfer coefficient and duty).
Second, highly superheated steam is typically not efficient in
hydrocarbon stripping, where moles of
steam per mole of hydrocarbons is the target, and fewer (but
superheated) steam moles may not have value. Superheat is
typically beneficial to back-pressure steam turbines. However,
if steam is let down in parallel to a back-pressure turbine,
then turbine efficiency and steam superheat is not important.
Steam superheat is favorable in condensing turbines; however,
most refineries have already eliminated these turbines.
Expanding steam across a valve is an adiabatic process; no
heat is gained or lost. Instead, the outgoing steam is more
superheated than the incoming steam. Since steam letdown
superheats steam, and since superheat is technically a
disadvantage in many applications, desuperheaters are not
uncommon. Desuperheating simply injects water into the letdown
station. The effect is to increase pounds of steam, with each
pound being of a lower quality or a lower superheat.
A short dialogue on wet steam vs. dry steam may be useful at
this point. Steam engineers like to design so that the whole
system is dry. There is some opinion that the whole system must
be dry for safe operation. The author was once almost asked to
leave a European refinery when he proposed
an idea that would have created some wet steam. The belief was
that the whole system needed to be dry everywhere. Ironically,
at the next system on which the author worked, most of the
steam was generated at saturation, with no superheat, and the
whole system was wet.
So, how much superheat is appropriate? That is a tough
question, as there is no measure of superheat (or wetness) in
the system, and steam quality is not always known at the end of
the line, or in distant areas, or following certain weather
events, such as a thunderstorm. On the basis that more pounds
of steam of lower quality are more useful than fewer pounds of
high-superheat steam, there are a couple of general
The local process area protection
racket. There is an old adage that says, If you
dont ask the right questions, you wont get the
right answers. In studying existing steam systems, this
adage applies. It is the authors custom, when talking
with process staff and board operators in various refinery
process areas and control centers, to ask what steam
system control practices are applied in local areas to protect
their domain.
Typically, in any process area, there are equipment
inadequacies, such as a back-pressure turbine that struggles to
put up enough pressure for the reflux pump, or a reboiler that
does not quite achieve the duty a column needs. As a result,
these items are protected. A spare letdown station
is used to maintain a specific local pressure or to tweak steam
supply when needed, with no measurement and no record.
Some of these practices are appropriate. However, some of
them may have consequences elsewhere in the steam system. A
local control practice may impact other parts of the system in
a different process areai.e., Area A may be normal, but
Area B may experience an upset or a consequence for reasons not
understood. The net result is negative from a total-system
Steam vs. electric-driver sparing.
Refineries and chemical complexes tend to have a large number
of back-pressure steam vs. electric-driver sparing options.
Local circumstances generally dictate which driver is normally
run and which is normally used as the spare. However, switching
to or from a back-pressure turbine affects the steam letdown
between the same pressure headers. Turning on a
150-psi20-psi turbine will reduce the existing letdown by
the amount of steam the turbine uses. Conversely, taking a
steam turbine out of service will increase letdown.
A more expensive issue occurs when the LP header is out of
balance and excess steam from too many turbines online is
vented to atmosphere. A more common issue is to use a
steam-sparing or electric-sparing option to provide some rough
control on reducing excessive letdown rates. Actual practices
vary widely, depending on the severity of the variation and the
ability to switch turbines.
A good practice is to provide a central source of
information and control on the following management and
procedural issues:
Condensate flashing and condensate
recovery. Condensate is produced from three main
The biggest supply comes from reboiling/heating. This
typically happens at some high or intermediate pressure level
and is clean, as it has not been in contact with
hydrocarbons. In a perfect steam system, this condensate will
be flashed to produce steam for use in the LP system, and the
LP condensate is collected for return to the boiler feed system
(Fig. 6). Wherever possible, condensate should be flashed in
condensate flash pots to generate additional LP steam and help
prevent dangerous water hammer in condensate return piping.
Table 1 provides a perspective on the amount
of HP condensate that can be flashed to generate LP
Condensate should be tracked carefully as part of the steam
system definition. A well-designed and well-operated steam
system should recover up to 70% of available condensate. Losses
tend to build from the accumulation of small quantities of
condensate that do not justify lines and pumps for recovery.
These quantities are instead dumped to local sewers, or even to
the ground.
For steam systems that recover less than 50% of condensate,
effort should be made to locate points where condensate is
lost, to determine the size of this loss, and to consider the
cost of recovering the condensate vs. the value of the
condensate recovered.
Note that some complexes define the percentage of condensate
recovery as:
Percentage of condensate recovery =
(condensate recovered ÷ steam production) x 100
In any one plant, this may have merit as a measure of
whether the local situation is improving or regressing.
However, this criterion is useless when comparing different
refining and petrochemical complexes.
A refinery or petrochemical complex with little demand for
heating/reboiling steam (e.g., a plant where an extensive hot
oil system is used), and with high usage of steam for live
stripping or process consumption (e.g., a hydrogen plant), will
expect low recovery of condensate relative to steam produced. A
more meaningful measure of condensate recovery is:
Percentage of condensate recovery =
(condensate recovered ÷ condensate produced) x
In the authors experience, different complexes range
from a low (20%) recovery to a high (75%) recovery.
Vents to atmosphere. Continuous venting of
LP steam to atmosphere has occurred in approximately 25% of the
steam systems reviewed by the author. This is a costly
practice, since every pound of steam vented represents the full
cost of steam. Continuous venting is caused by either a
fundamental steam mass balance issue, or by improper control
Commonly, continuous venting is a mass balance
imbalance; i.e., more LP steam is produced than
used. The solution is to either find effective ways to use the
LP steam, or to reduce the supply of LP steam. Supply reduction
includes checking all letdown sources, the replacement of
back-pressure turbines exhausting to the LP steam system, or
finding other uses for waste heat used to generate LP
While LP venting is typically assumed to be a steam
imbalance problem, it can also be caused by an improper and
unrecognized control issue. A shortlist of things to
investigate includes:
It is important to recognize that LP steam controls may be
scattered throughout the refinery. Local area practices are
dictated by local area concerns. Commonly, there is no overall
coordination; a systems view is critical to solving
the problem. HP
1 Pelham, R. O. and R. D. Moriarty, Survey
plants for energy savings, Hydrocarbon Processing, July
2 Improving Steam System Performance: A
Sourcebook for Industry, 2nd ed., February 2012.
3 Tanthapanichakoon, W., Saving energy in
multilevel steam systems, Chemical Engineering
Progress, January 2012.
4 Dogan, A., Using cold boiler feedwater for
energy recovery, Petroleum Technology Quarterly, Q1,
5 Peterson, J. F. and W. L. Mann, Steam system
designhow it evolves, Chemical
Engineering, October 14, 1985.
All comments are subject to editorial review.
All fields are compulsory.
manzoor ahmad tarafdar
A nice & elaborate article.I didn't read the January 2013 part of the article.Though the article concentrates on Refinery,it is applicable to any Chemical Industry with extensive steam use.My experience is with Ammonia/Urea Plants. I like to mention the following points;1.A small portion of steam is used in the process & most of the steam is used to drive the turbines for compressors,pumps & fans.For energy efficiency the steam temperature,pressure & quality is very important.If the steam temp. & pressure is lowered ,the turbines will take more steam.In some plants they keep these at some lower value to be on safer side(regarding superheater tube rupture,safety valve popping etc).Steam quality is also important,specially the silica content.High silica will condense on low pressure side of turbines & this will effect the turbine performance & ultimately the steam system.Also the vacuum on turbine condensers effect the steam system. 2.Passing of vent valves(those which are closed during normal operation) installed in the steam system also effects it's performance.The design passing rates of these valves must be checked.Full shut valves can' be used,because they may stick & will not open when required.3.Most inefficient area of a steam system is it's steam trapping system.Monitoring of steam traps is very important specially the closed system.4.Burners, insulation & refractory are also to be monitored .
Tom Tschanz
Great article.
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Subject: Re: [OMPI users] OpenMPI exits when subsequent tail -f in script is interrupted
From: Ralph Castain (rhc_at_[hidden])
Date: 2011-04-23 11:27:31
On Apr 23, 2011, at 9:11 AM, Pablo Lopez Rios wrote:
>> > Pressing Ctrl+C should stop tail -f, and the MPI job
>> > should continue.
>> I don't think that is true at all. When you hit ctrl-C,
>> every process executing in the script receives it. Mpirun
>> traps the ctrl-c and immediately terminates all running
>> MPI procs.
> By "Ctrl+C should stop tail -f" I mean that this is the
> desired behaviour of the script, not that this is what ought
> to happen in general. My question is how to achieve this
> behaviour, since I'm having trouble working around mpirun
> catching sigint.
Like I said in my other response, you can't - mpirun automatically traps sigint and terminates the job in order to ensure proper cleanup during abnormal terminations.
I'm not sure what you are actually trying to accomplish, but there are other signals that don't cause termination. For example, we trap and forward SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 to your application procs, if that is of use.
But ctrl-c has a special meaning ("die"), and you can't tell mpirun to ignore it.
> Thanks,
> Pablo
> On 23/04/11 15:12, Ralph Castain wrote:
>> On Apr 23, 2011, at 6:20 AM, Reuti wrote:
>>> Hi,
>>> Am 23.04.2011 um 04:31 schrieb Pablo Lopez Rios:
>>>> I'm having a bit of a problem with wrapping mpirun in a script. The script needs to run an MPI job in the background and tail -f the output. Pressing Ctrl+C should stop tail -f, and the MPI job should continue.
>> I don't think that is true at all. When you hit ctrl-C, every process executing in the script receives it. Mpirun traps the ctrl-c and immediately terminates all running MPI procs.
>>>> However mpirun seems to detect the SIGINT that was meant for tail, and kills the job immediately. I've tried workarounds involving nohup, disown, trap, subshells (including calling the script from within itself), etc, to no avail.
>>>> The problem is that this doesn't happen if I run the command directly instead, without mpirun. Attached is a script that reproduces the problem. It runs a simple counting script in the background which takes 10 seconds to run, and tails the output. If called with "nompi" as first argument, it will simply run bash -c "$SCRIPT">& "$out"&, and with "mpi" it will do the same with 'mpirun -np 1' prepended. The output I get is:
>>> what about:
>>> ( trap "" sigint; exec mpiexec ...)&
>>> i.e. replace the subshell with changed interrupt handling with the mpiexec. Well, maybe mpiexec is adjusting it on its own again. This can be checked in /proc/<pid>/status
>>> -- Reuti
>>>> $ ./ompi_bug.sh mpi
>>>> mpi:
>>>> 1
>>>> 2
>>>> 3
>>>> 4
>>>> $ ./ompi_bug.sh nompi
>>>> nompi:
>>>> 1
>>>> 2
>>>> 3
>>>> 4
>>>> $ cat output.*
>>>> mpi:
>>>> 1
>>>> 2
>>>> 3
>>>> 4
>>>> mpirun: killing job...
>>>> --------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> mpirun noticed that process rank 0 with PID 1222 on node pablomme exited on signal 0 (Unknown signal 0).
>>>> --------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> mpirun: clean termination accomplished
>>>> nompi:
>>>> 1
>>>> 2
>>>> 3
>>>> 4
>>>> 5
>>>> 6
>>>> 7
>>>> 8
>>>> 9
>>>> 10
>>>> Done
>>>> This convinces me that there is something strange with OpenMPI, since I expect no difference in signal handling when running a simple command with or without mpirun in the middle.
>>>> I've tried looking for options to change this behaviour, but I don't seem to find any. Is there one, preferably in the form of an environment variable? Or is this a bug?
>>>> I'm using OpenMPI v1.4.3 as distributed with Ubuntu 11.04, and also v1.2.8 as distributed with OpenSUSE 11.3.
>>>> Thanks,
>>>> Pablo
>>>> <ompi_bug.sh.gz>_______________________________________________
>>>> users mailing list
>>>> users_at_[hidden]
>>>> http://www.open-mpi.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/users
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> users mailing list
>>> users_at_[hidden]
>>> http://www.open-mpi.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/users
>> _______________________________________________
>> users mailing list
>> users_at_[hidden]
>> http://www.open-mpi.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/users
> _______________________________________________
> users mailing list
> users_at_[hidden]
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