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This conference focuses on the collaboration between research and practice as well covering subject areas across the spectrum of domestic violence and sexual assault and abuse. Our conference will offer a unique opportunity for collaboration between researchers and practitioners from a broad array of disciplines. This conference will provide a platform for participants to share, integrate and critique both new research and promising practices in the areas of domestic violence and sexual assault.
Applications for abstracts are now being accepted.
© 2016 National Sexual Violence Resource Center – Founded by the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape
This site is supported by Grant/ Cooperative Agreement No. 1UF2CE002359-03 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.


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I'm trying to find something that is written on one of my pages. It's not on my own Facebook wall, it's on the wall of one of my pages. How can I download the whole webpage so that I don't have to keep scrolling down to find what I'm looking for? Or is there another way?
You can download the entire archive of your Facebook profile by going to Settings and then clicking on
What you're trying to do is a bit unclear to me but if you're looking download the whole webpage, you can just right-click on anywhere on the webpage and choose "Save Page As" (on Firefox), "Save As" (on Chrome) or simply press Ctrl+S and save that particular webpage.
If you remember a certain word or a phrase of what you're searching, just go to that page and press Ctrl+F (both browsers) which brings up the search bar. Then type in in the search space and press Enter.
Use Archivedbook.
From their Q&A:


text: Ever since I submitted those two tutorials on the marshmallows, I have been getting request for other foods that would make great lessons. I'm here to show you "how to draw a brownie", step by step. As you now brownies are a delightful dessert and treat. I have loved this sweet since I was a baby. Every once in a while I will make cream cheese swirl brownies and they come out awesome. Even though brownies are delicious to eat, I wanted to draw a treat that was too cute to eat. The only complexity I had with making a brownie, was trying to figure out whether or not to include nuts, or chocolate chips. In the end I figured making a brownie with nothing added would be better because you can choose to include that extra ingredient if you want. Thanks for joining me with another great lesson that will show you the secret to drawing a brownie.


text:
Bickel's Jack-O-Lantern Cheese Balls for $6.99 + free shipping
How can you go wrong with a big thing of cheese balls? It's almost as if it were a bucket of balls...
2 Comments add a comment
Doesn't appear to be available online.
EDIT: direct link to the product doesn't seem to work, search for cheese balls or something
@flamingzebra90: Paste the following (apparently, they're blocking affiliate links):


text:
NCAA Ruling on Pole Vault Collars Cites ASTM Standard
Padding that Meets Specification F2949 Must Be Installed by Dec. 1
ASTM International standard F2949, Specification for Pole Vault Box Collars, has been cited in a new ruling recently promulgated by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in an effort to make pole vaulting safer.
The new rule, recently approved by the NCAA's Playing Rules Oversight Panel, is a student athlete safety proposal that calls for padding around pole vault boxes that meets the requirements of F2949. The padding is to be installed by Dec. 1 wherever NCAA competition takes place. Padding can be incorporated into the design of the pole vault box or can be an addition to the existing pole vault box collar.
A pole vault box is a four-sided trough at the end of the pole vault runway. Vaulters plant the lower end of the vaulting pole into the pole vault box before takeoff.
The box collar, as described in F2949, offers impact protection to pole vaulters in and around a pole vault box. The standard covers the minimum requirements of the collar's size, physical characteristics of materials, standard testing procedures, and the labeling and identification of pole vault box collars. The dynamic data obtained with the procedures in F2949 measure the cushioning properties of the pole vault landing system being tested.
F2949 was developed by Subcommittee F08.67 on Pole Vault, part of ASTM International Committee F08 on Sports Equipment and Facilities. The standard was approved by F08 in September 2012.
A research article published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine in 2012 noted that rule changes in pole vaulting that have been mandated since 2002 have reduced the number of catastrophic injuries to pole vault competitors.


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yarn in the making (or norah's trip to italy)
From left to right and top to bottom:
1 – Looking for new yarns to buy is fun any time, but imagine being able to gaze out this window at the same time.
2 – One booth at the yarn fair (Pitti Filati) was built around theme of kilims. I like the faded earthy colors.
3 – Beautifully and neatly wound pre-dyed top awaits its fate.
4 – Modern day spinning machinery, I love the repetition.
5 – Multiple vats of top are set in motion.
6 – Monanorah, or is it the Norahlisa? Silliness at the show
The highlight of my trip was the natural history museum. The special exhibit of crystals just may have had a great influence on NGvol7.
Mary Beth #
I vote for Noralisa!February 4, 2010
Is that new hair?? If yes I love it.
Hope to see you again at Abi's house in a couple of weeks!
Oh yes and I'm so jealous of the whole visiting a spinnery in Italy thing.😉March 9, 2010


text:
Denis Colomb
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Kümmel: A Little of the Muirfield Spirit
On Scotland's windswept links courses, golfers steady their first-tee nerves with Kümmel, an aniseed-flavored spirit known locally as 'putting mixture.'
ON THE WILD, windswept dunes of Scotland's ancient links courses there is one ritual that helps the amateur golfer ward off first-tee jitters. The secret lies not with the order in which they set up their clubs, nor with a glass of malt whisky, but in a slightly curious, aniseed-flavored spirit whose origins lie near the Baltic Sea. Known in local golfing circles as the "putting mixture," Kümmel has been served in the clubhouses of some of Scotland's most venerated courses for decades.
In fact, such is the quantity in which this bracing liqueur is consumed, there is a rumor in the British wine trade that more of it is drunk in the clubhouses of St. Andrews, Prestwick and Muirfield than any other place in the world. Certainly when I contacted the steward at Prestwick Golf Club, home to the first Open Championship, which was played in 1860, she told me their members consume three dozen bottles a week, which is more than five bottles a day.
Next week, when some of the biggest names in golf step onto the first tee at Muirfield, will they have a shot to calm their nerves?
"No, not at all," says Muirfield Club Secretary Alastair Brown. "It is purely for the members."
The spirit can trace its lineage back to the 16th century—some say further—when it was popular in Northern European countries such as Holland, Denmark and Latvia. Today, there are numerous brands of Kümmel on the market, with the two most popular being Mentzendorff and Wolfschmidt, followed by Gilka and Bols. Wolfschmidt's history goes back to Riga in the mid-19th century, while Mentzendorff is now produced in the Combier distillery in France's Loire valley.
Nobody really knows how or when the tradition of enjoying a large glass of Kümmel before facing the rough grass of a links course actually started. Some say it began when a prominent Scottish regiment fought in the Low Countries, where the drink was popular, during the last stages of World War II. Having developed a taste for the liqueur, they took the habit home to their golf clubs.
'I call it gripe water for grown-ups'
Another, mischievous, suggestion is that its flavor reminds some of the older members of gripe water—a sort of home remedy for indigestion in babies. Certainly, the ingredients that go into Kümmel—cumin, anise, lemon and orange peel, as well as caraway—produce a honeyed, aniseed flavor that some might say proffers a medicinal effect on the gut.
"I call it gripe water for grown-ups," says wine merchant Adrian Laird Craig, who is a former director of Mentzendorff in Scotland. "As these fully grown, important establishment men are transported in a Proust's-madeleine-like way to the sumptuous soothing bosoms of their nannies."
At Muirfield, the favored tipple is Wolfschmidt, which has a slightly less powerful flavor. They serve it straight from the deep freeze over ice. While at Prestwick they prefer the more intense aniseed flavor of Mentzendorff.
"Our members tend to play in the morning, have lunch and then play again in the afternoon," says Mr. Brown at Muirfield. "I wonder whether it was the warming characteristics of the drink that gave them the courage to step back out onto the course."
We know the pros won't be drinking next weekend, but given the course's many challenges, including wind from every direction, maybe it's worth a try.
—Email Will at email@example.com or follow him on Twitter: @Will_Lyons


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Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
- Be notified of their FERPA rights annually (students at McNeese are notified through the catalog).
- Inspect and review their education records, but the University is not required to provide copies of any part of the education record unless the student resides too far away to come to campus to inspect.
- Amend records they believe are inaccurate or misleading.
- Authorize release of non-directory information as well as prevent the release of directory information if they so choose.
- Student's name
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- Most recent previous educational institution attended
There are penalties for a school that violates FERPA and does not willingly cooperate with the corrections given by the Family Policy Compliance Office (FPCO) of the Department of Education. If the corrections are not made in the given timeframe, the Secretary of Education has the ability to direct that no federal funds be made available to the institution.


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According to what I read, the compiler is not obliged to substitute the function call of an inline function with its body, but will do so if it can. This got me thinking- why do we have the inline word if that is the case? Why not make all function inline functions by default and let the compiler figure out if it can substitute the calls with the function body or not?
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There are C keywords (
What the word means now, in C++, is that it can have multiple identical definitions, and needs to be defined in every translation unit that uses it. (In other words, you need to make sure it can be inlined.) You can have an
But the only guaranteed effect of
Nowadays, some compilers are very keen on following the inlining hint, e.g. g++. And some compilers take it less seriously, e.g. Visual C++. But all have to abide by the guarantee.
It is unfortunate that these two meanings -- optimization hint and what we might call a linker level discardable definition -- reside with the same keyword, because it means that you cannot practically have one without the other.
It is also unfortunate that
The need for linker level discardable data has increased as header-only modules have become more popular. E.g., many Boost sub-libraries are header-only.
For data you can, however, apply a little trick with templates. Define it in some class template, provide a
Cheers & hth.,
Why not make all functions inline by default? Because it's an engineering trade off. There are at least two types of "optimization": speeding up the program and reducing the size (memory footprint) of the program. Inlining generally speeds things up. It gets rid of the function call overhead, avoiding pushing then pulling parameters from the stack. However, it also makes the memory footprint of the program bigger, because every function call must now be replaced with the full code of the function. To make things even more complicated, remember that the CPU stores frequently used chunks of memory in a cache on the CPU for ultra-rapid access. If you make the program's memory image big enough, your program won't be able to use the cache efficiently, and in the worst case inlining could actually slow your program down. To some extent the compiler can calculate what the trade offs are, and may be able to make better decisions than you can, just looking at the source code.
Let's see what the standard says (highlighted important parts in bold):
So, if you want to be sure, you should read the documentation of your compiler.
Inlining everything is a bad idea, as it might result in a lot of duplicated machine code...
So you'll have to know:
Let me give you a good reason for using the inline keyword.
On an embedded system, such as an ticket printer or similar smaller system. The processor is very limited and a function call (preparing function parameters on stack, call, fetch params from stack and put back answer etc..) can take several ms to execute, beside the function itself.
Lets say the call time is about 60ms (just for calling, not the actual function) and you have do 50 iterations (loop or iterative calls in a tree).
The time to just move forth and back from that function call will take 60 * 50 = 3000 (3 seconds).
If you have the memory you would definitely do an inline to save 3 seconds.
So inline are basically used when you need execution speed. In some projects I was involved with, the calling time was longer than the execution time, a classic situation when to use inline.


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Top Definition
A person who is probably going to get cut from his team.
Wow man, that sparx is so oblivious and bad.
автор: Kole Carter 3 сентября 2007
Trending Now
a kick ass drink (in a can that resembles a battery). It's like an energy drink with alchohol! HAHAHAHA!!!
My dumbass friends drive around in thier rice rockets drinking sparks, because nobody knows what it is.
автор: lealea 8 ноября 2003


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Interregnum report, March 6
The news out of Rome begins with news about news no longer available.John Thavis writing late yesterday:
U.S. cardinals are getting rave reviews from journalists for their availability during the general congregations leading up to the conclave. In contrast to their brethren from the rest of the world, the Americans are holding well-organized daily press briefings at North American College, just up the hill from the Vatican press office. Chaired by Sister Mary Ann Walsh, director of media relations for the U.S. bishops conference, these sessions typically feature two U.S. cardinals who field questions for a half-hour. The relatively rapid-fire Q and A in English is a welcome complement to the lengthy, multi-lingual briefings offered by non-cardinals at the Vatican.
John Thavis writing early today:
I guess it was too good to continue. U.S. cardinals abruptly canceled their planned briefing today, and no further briefings were scheduled. Sister Mary Ann Walsh, who had coordinated the U.S. press encounters, said in an email: Concern was expressed in the General Congregation about leaks of confidential proceedings reported in Italian newspapers. As a precaution, the cardinals have agreed not to do interviews.
What changed overnight? Thavis has his thoughts here, while John Allen weighs in at NCR.Vatican Radio reports that one hundred thirteen of the one hundred fifteen electors are now in Rome, with one of the missing slated to arrive late today and the last sometime tomorrow. Still no official start date for the conclave, but more than 4,440 journalists from dozens of countries have so far been accredited to cover it. Meanwhile, preparations continue at the Sistine Chapel; if youre seeking footage of workers bringing in the ballot boxes, stove, and chimney, all scored to nice music, its here. As for the contenders: John Allen profiles Spanish Cardinal Antonio Caizares Llovera. The biography is interesting as it goes, but there's also the story of Llovera's nickname: little Ratzinger.
[It] comes from earlier in his career, when Caizares served as the chief of staff for the doctrine committee of the Spanish bishops' conference from 1985 to 1992 (The qualifier "little" works in another sense too, as Caizares is a fairly short man. In pictures with the pope, Benedict often seems to tower over him.)Both admirers and detractors of Caizares have embraced the nickname "little Ratzinger," suggesting that whether you find his similarity to the retired pope encouraging or distressing, everyone can agree it fits.
Also, we've reposted our 2010 web exclusive on Canadian Cardinal Marc Ouellet (that's him in the photo, arriving at the synod hall today); you can read it here. Meanwhile, Nigerian Cardinal John Onaiyekanalso counted among the papal contenders says certain circumstances make condom use a duty. And Cardinal Sean OMalley is the subject of a Boston Globe editorial: Whatever happens at the conclave, the focus on O'Malley is based on a realistic assessment of the church's needs. In The New Yorker, Margaret Talbot comments on the presence of Cardinal Roger Mahony at the conclave and what it might say about the kind of pope we can expect [subscription].
What is distinctive about child abuse in the Catholic Church is not its existence, or even its coverup; in recent months alone, weve seen evidence of similar cowardice at Penn State and the BBC. What is distinctive is that Catholic officials can find a higher purposeprotecting the sanctity of the priesthoodin shielding abusers, and a spiritually rewarding humility in enduring criticism of their conduct. Mahony has been blogging about the public disparagement he has received, and he compares it to what Christ withstood, urging the faithful to join him in exploring what it is to take up our cross daily and to follow Jesusin rejection, in humiliation, and in personal attack. But, unlike the criminal prosecution of perpetratorsor real Church reformthat doesnt do much to help victims or to prevent abuse.
Of potential interest stateside, results from the latest New York Times/CBS poll of American Catholics are up. Short version: Frequent Mass-goers depart from official church stances on same-sex marriage and birth control; seven out of ten respondents say the Vatican has done a poor job of handling sexual abuse; and overall, Benedict made little impression. See the full story, though, for some interesting follow-up responses from those who were surveyed. And with the Knights of Columbus (among others) encouraging intercessions-by-Twitter during this transitional period, Religion Dispatches Peter Manseu poses the question: do Tweeted devotions change the meaning and nature of prayer?
Apart from being a technology of instant communication, Twitter is a massive catalogue of otherwise unrelated information. Prayers offered ephemerally--whether spoken aloud in a group, or silently while alone--inevitably mean something quite different when they become quantifiable, static, and searchable by keyword.
About the Author
Dominic Preziosi is Commonweal's digital editor.
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These roundups are a great feature, and if I had any friends, I would urge them all to check in daily on dotCom.Very interesting about the kibosh being put on the American press briefings. We're frequently critical of the US bishops' apparent lack of media savvy, but apparently the Americans have the highest batting average in the Vatican League.
There's nothing snippier than a snippy Italian prelate:http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/the-vatican/detail/articolo/conclav..."The director of the Holy See Press Office expressed irritation today at U.S. cardinal's on-the-side press briefings."Maybe if Lombardi and the much-ballyhooed Greg Burke were doing their jobs correctly, this side stuff might not have been necessary.
Q: Who's the real boss, the curia or the cardinals?A: The curia, obviously. Proof: They express irritation at U.S. cardinals on-the-side press briefings, and the cardinals shut up.
John Allen's piece about the discontinuance of the cardinals' briefings gives both pros and cons for the crack-down. But I find it very discouraging that the cardinals as a group have decided against transparency. Haven't they learned anything? Is truth such a threat?
From John Allen's piece: "From a strictly PR point of view, [Cardinal] George turned a bad news day for the church [more discussion of Cardinal O'Brien] into a fairly good one. Now, that sort of save is no longer an option."That would matter only if there are going to be more bad news days, and it would be a disadvantage only if PR is the preeminent concern. Not that anyone would ever think that.
What's real dumb is to say nothing and then bellyache about what a million ignorant but desperate journalists discover and print by talking to each other.
I predict that we'll have the ordination of married men soon; in tandem with implementing the document forbidding people with "deep homosexual tendencies" from becoming priests and reinforcing the "infallible" document saying that women cannot be priests.The Pope who would do this with the greatest vigor is Timothy Dolan of New York.
If "Fr" Z can be included, how about this?http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/05/house-of-cardinals-parody-bring...
We need a contemporary Xavier Rynne to fill in the blanks.
In all the messiness of the conclave, there is one constant that reminds me of the faithful presence of the Holy Spirit. I mean the Swiss guards in their utterly ridiculous yet beautiful uniforms. The improbability that such silly things could actually succeed in doing what they're supposed to do is a reminder that in spite of all the silliness at the conclave, all will be well, and all will be well, and all manner of thing will be well.Here are two of them.http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/
Yesterday, Fr. Komonchak posted a comment in which he cites Enzo Bianchi as saying of the cardinals assembled in Rome "Above all, they must not lie." That a serious person, as both Bianchi and Komonchak are has to say this is stunning. It's one thing to campaign for a candidate for the papacy, or any other office for that matter. It's quite another to feel called upon to remind the cardinals that they ought not to lie to one another. Can one lie and say that doing so is part of discerning what the Holy Spirit would have one do?
Secrecy is the curia's defense against everything. What are they afraid might leak out? Nothing remains a secret for long. Better to let it air now than to have to lie and cover up later.
Agree about the Enzo Bianchi citation. I think it contains the essence of the problem: "In my simple opinion from the margins, the crisis that the Churchand especially its Roman center is passing through is caused by lying and not by other, more scandalous problems. Its time for boldness, frankness, honesty toward one another; its time to say what one thinks in complete sincerity. Otherwise every word is polluted, and where there is lying, there is blackmail and fear." I think the key word in that is BLACKMAIL. (Was Pope Benedict's resignation due to blackmail?)A polygraph test administered to each cardinal could allay doubts about the lack of honesty.
It seems that I have heard something like this story before, 50 years ago - at Vatican II. On the first working session, October 13, 1962 the Vatican preparatory committees gave the bishops an agenda the first thing was the election of the bishops for the various commissions. Cardinal Linart of Lille protested. The bishops needed more time to get to know each other. Cardinal Frings of Cologne for whom Fr. Ratzinger was peritus, seconded the motion. It was then, some people say that the bishops took back the council and made it their own.When are the cardinals in Rome today going to protest the bullying by the Vatican Curia members and own their sacred collegial duty to elect the pope on their terms? When are they going to protest being treated like children? (Thank you, Sister Mary Ann Walsh.) When are people like Bert one, who used wire tapping when the Vatileaks occurred, going to lose power?
Sandro Magister has an article that amazes me. He seems convinced that a coalition of -- get this -- curial cardinals and progressive ones (yes, "progressive") will prevail with their choice of Cdl. Dolan, or maybe O'Malley. The rhetoric of the article is excessive and, i think, shows a lot of wishful thinking on Magister's part. But who ever knows with these things. Sigh.http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/1350453?eng=y
CorrectionWhen are people like Bert one... . (I meant Bertone). Did not want to imply he was a Sesame Street character.
Mr. Dauenhauer - yes, they can do that - it is called *mental reservation*.
Oops -- I really read that Magister article. The curial cardinals are for Scherer, not Dolan.
This isn't directly about the conclave, but it's about one of the great problems facing many third- world cardinals. In his blog, the sociologist of religion Peter Berger makes an important distinction between *secularism* and *pluralism* of religious beliefs in a formerly homogeneous culture. See his Feb. 27 post, "The Roman Catholic Church, Brazil, and the Pluralistic Revolution". Actulally, I'd like t recommend it to the cardinals, if I could.http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/berger/
Ann - I agree that Peter Berger piece is pretty interesting. I'm always amazed how a blogger can just whip off a 5,000 word coherent blog post :-). His views of the church in a pluralistic world seem pretty much right to me. Catholicism in the US has been dealing with pluralism all my life, including adopting some of the quasi-Pentecostal initiatives that are now being tried out in Brazil. The much-maligned "guitar mass" is probably a relatively mild form of this, and of course there are charismatic movements and stadium events in US Catholicism.
Jim P. --Yes, Berger is impressive :-) I particularly like his willingness to accept as valuable the sorts of liturgical expressions that Catholics often condemn as "circuses", as Vargas Llosa puts it. VL's article about benedict recommended in another thread is also very enlightening, but I think that Berger's view on this point has to get my nod. No, I don't *like* jangly guitar Masses with hymns with pitiful lyrics, but that is just too damn bad. We must be willing to recognize the value of other peoples' liturgies that we think of as ridiculous. To affirm only our own rituals is itself the sort of relativism that Benedict abhors (while at the same time condemning de facto liturgical relativism on the basis of his love of Western form!! Ah, the irony!!)I doubt that we agree about this point. Maybe we should have a thread on it. It's a terribly important issue to some people: what is the value of counter-cultural liturgies, if any?
"We must be willing to recognize the value of other peoples liturgies that we think of as ridiculous."To one extent or another, this is the lived experience of virtually every Catholic in the US. We don't like the music, or the architecture, or the preaching, or the way communion is given out, or... or... or ..."To affirm only our own rituals is itself the sort of relativism that Benedict abhors (while at the same time condemning de facto liturgical relativism on the basis of his love of Western form!! Ah, the irony!!)"We'd need to agree on what is meant by the term "liturgical relativism". It seems to me that there is a deeper unity that underlies (to use the model from the 1970s in the US) the "downstairs guitar mass" and the "upstairs organ mass". "Its a terribly important issue to some people: what is the value of counter-cultural liturgies, if any?"Whether it's a Christian rock mass, or a mass in Spanish, I think most of these adaptations are a pretty straightforward attempt to "give the people what they want." Not always successfully, of course.On a deeper level, there is something counter-cultural about the mass itself - the contents of the Lectionary, for example, with its Old Testament prophetic imprecations of the wealthy who exploit the poor, or its New Testament recounting of the Sermon on the Mount. And I am sure there are a number of ways that the Eucharist can be thought of as counter-cultural: the radical table sharing that it models, for example,
I thought that the Italians had pretty much been identified as the leakers. But this seems to state otherwise:http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/the-vatican/detail/articolo/conclav..."There is still no decision on the date but the Curia has imposed a media blackout so cardinals are not allowed to give information tot he press. Tensions have been rising in the past few days, leading to yesterday morning's clash between Romans and foreigners. The Dean of the College of Cardinals, Angelo Sodano and the Camerlengo, Bertone (who have formed an alliance against cardinals outside the Curia after eight years of mutual hostility) did everything in their power to contain the solid group of U.S. cardinals. In the name of transparency, U.S. cardinals had held a series of parallel news briefings with the press on the issues relating to the Conclave. The briefings were held at the Pontifical North American College where the cardinals are currently staying. For this reason on Monday Rigali, the U.S. cardinal who is closest to the Curia, was given the task, through Re, of letting his group know that these news briefings were inappropriate. On Tuesday, Sodano supporter Cardinal Giovanni Lajolo also had a go at urging them to stop: Americans talk to the press more because it's their style, they are expansive. A glasnost which violates a century-old tradition of discretion and stealthy caution. The American cardinals finally gave in to growing pressure from the Vatican, cancelling their umpteenth press briefing. The Vatican's irritation came like a slap in the face in the midst of the Synod Hall. "Concern was expressed in the general congregation about leaks of confidential proceedings, the U.S. cardinals' spokesman Mary Ann Walsh later explained. Dolan's 14:30 press conference was cancelled an hour before it was due to start. "Let's imagine for the moment that the US group HAS been doing the leaking. Who among them is known for shooting off his mouth on a regular basis? (Gerelyn?)
Jim P. ==To approach your reply backwards -- The Mass is the most counter-cultural kind of event imaginable: it could be described, and has been described as cannibalistic. And it is!!! (And doesn't THAT tell us something about God's own estimate of the value of at least some counter-cultural events. So there.) Yes, rock and guitar Masses give some people what the want, but what they want is often what they *need*. I agree that many of the liturgies they invent are not the greatest aesthetically, as the Latin Mass used to be to people of many sorts with open minds. But if a rock Mass satisfies their spiritual needs, then it is the best for them. Is that a kind of relativism? Yes, but a good kind, I think. (By the way, if we had enough priests this wouldn't be a problem -- there could be several different sorts of Mass in each parish each Sunday.)What I meant by "liturgical relativism" in that context was that Benedict seems to think that there is only one "best" liturgy for all/most people, and that liturgy is his native one. I think that judgment had its origin in his own cultural prejudice, not in the facts of non-Westerners' experience. His so-called "knowledge" of the liturgical superiority of the organ over other instruments is a matter of cultural prejudice. Consider that drums for Africans are, in the context of their liturgies far superior than organs, apparently, and one might even say that the lowest pitched organ sounds are poor imitations of drums, depending on the kind of music to be made.


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Anyone else catch the new ABC series last night?
As an inveterate aviation curmudgeon, I must give my grudging approval for the overall effort. Interior aircraft sets and the Pan Am terminal at Idlewild (later JFK) looked fantastic. The CGI of the 707 in flight was well done also, as was the color of the sky out the cockpit windows during the flight. And Pan Am actually used DC-7s to ferry refugees out of Cuba after the Bay of Pigs fiasco, so they got that right!
My approval is grudging due to two egregious errors, which someone surely should have caught during production. First, the flight in the pilot episode was supposed to be the first Pan Am Jet Clipper flight from NY to London. That actually occurred in late 1958, not 1963 as depicted. Second, they had two snot-nosed grinning twenty-somethings playing the Captain and First Officer. In reality, if this really was the maiden transatlantic passenger flight of a 707, the flight would have been commanded by the most senior Captain on the airline, and the First Officer would have probably been another Captain sitting in the right seat. But two grizzled old codgers in the cockpit wouldn't have made for exciting TV. now would it? A third minor error cropped up, as the 707 taxied away from the terminal, blue flame could be seen emerging from the sound suppressors at the back of the engines. Sorry, doesn't happen at low power settings.
But...the series could turn out to be really FUN to watch. They captured the era in the same way Mad Men has. And I will be tuning in next week for the second episode.


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Why do many code examples, especially tutorials, use the names "Foo" and "Bar" so often? It is almost a standard.
For example:
void foo(char* bar) {
printf("%s", bar);
Why do many code examples, especially tutorials, use the names "Foo" and "Bar" so often? It is almost a standard.
For example:
We're looking for long answers that provide some explanation and context. Don't just give a one-line answer; explain why your answer is right, ideally with citations. Answers that don't include explanations may be removed.
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Foo and bar come from the US Army WWII acronym FUBAR, "F-ed Up Beyond All Recognition". A whole family of these terms came into widespread use during the North African and Sicilian campaigns (1942-43). Rick Atkinson's excellent Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943-1944 gives a list of these. For instance a JANFU is a "Joint Army Navy F Up", such as the incident on 11 July 1943 when the invasion fleet for Operation Husky shot down 23 Army Air Force C-47 transports carrying paratroopers to reinforce the beachhead.
Update: Wikipedia has a list of related acronyms that includes some the original WWII ones listed by Atkinson.
Any programmer will understand the motivation for using foo and bar to name variables. They certainly have been part of the C/UNIX culture from the start, and as @Walter Mitty points out, predated it.
Update (10/5/2009): Here's Atkinson's description:
Update (11/23/2011): @Hugo has a fantastic list of the non-military antecedents.
I think it's the phonetic pronouncation of fubar.
Which stands for:
The New Hacker's Dictionary has a very good entry on this - and I consider it to be a better resource for this kind of thing than Wikipedia:
Wikipedia gives this definition of Metasyntactic Variable :
The article also gives common examples of such variables in different programming languages :
Here is wikipedia's answer:
And from RFC 3092:
The use of lone "foo" as a nonsense word is pretty well documented in popular culture in the early 20th century, as is the military FUBAR. (Some background reading: FOLDOC FOLDOC Jargon File Jargon File Wikipedia RFC3092)
OK, so let's find some references.
STOP PRESS! After posting this answer, I discovered this perfect article about "foo" in the Friday 14th January 1938 edition of The Tech ("MIT's oldest and largest newspaper & the first newspaper published on the web"), Volume LVII. No. 57, Price Three Cents:
The Tech newspaper, a year earlier, the Letter to the Editor, September 1937:
And The Tech in December 1938:
The first documented "foo" in tech circles is probably 1959's Dictionary of the TMRC Language:
These are explained at FOLDOC. The dictionary's compiler Pete Samson said in 2005:
And from 1996's Jargon File 4.0.0:
A year before the TMRC dictionary, 1958's MIT Voo Doo Gazette ("Humor suplement of the MIT Deans' office") (PDF) mentions Foocom, in "The Laws of Murphy and Finagle" by John Banzhaf (an electrical engineering student):
Also 1964's MIT Voo Doo (PDF) references the TMRC usage:
But let's remember this question is about code examples, so let's find "foo", "bar" and "foobar" published in code.
So, Jargon File 4.4.7 says of "foobar":
The first published reference I can find is from February 1964, but written in June 1963, The Programming Language LISP: its Operation and Applications by Information International, Inc., with many authors, but including Timothy P. Hart and Michael Levin:
Also includes other metasyntactic variables such as: FOO CROCK GLITCH / POOT TOOR / ON YOU / SNAP CRACKLE POP / X Y Z
I expect this is much the same as this next reference of "foo" from MIT's Project MAC in January 1964's AIM-064, or LISP Exercises by Timothy P. Hart and Michael Levin:
It shares many other metasyntactic variables like: CHI / BOSTON NEW YORK / SPINACH BUTTER STEAK / FOO CROCK GLITCH / POOT TOOP / TOOT TOOT / ISTHISATRIVIALEXCERCISE / PLOOP FLOT TOP / SNAP CRACKLE POP / ONE TWO THREE / PLANE SUB THRESHER
For both "foo" and "bar" together, the earliest reference I could find is from MIT's Project MAC in June 1966's AIM-098, or PDP-6 LISP by none other than Peter Samson:
Some more recallations.
@Walter Mitty recalled on this site in 2008:
John V. Everett recalls in 1996:
Daniel P. B. Smith in 1998:
Robert Schuldenfrei in 1996:
Paul M. Wexelblat in 1992:
Bruce B. Reynolds in 1996:
Here's a straight IBM "BAR" from 1955.
Other early references:
I haven't been able to find any references to foo bar as "inverted foo signal" as suggested in RFC3092 and elsewhere.
Here are a some of even earlier F00s but I think they're coincidences/false positives:
using words like "foo" and "bar" make you focus on the concept not on what you can grasp based on the terms you know. For example:
The above code lets you fall back on your knowledge of real world things.
If you are trying to explain a concept where the important part is not what is being done (printing meow or bark for example) but on how it is being done then removing the parts that you are familiar help:
Now you have to focus on what is really happening, you are no longer able to guess at what is going to happen.
So, the short version is, that foo, bar, and the like, are used to stress concepts where the content doesn't really matter but the idea does.
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foobar
In technology, the word was probably originally propagated through system manuals by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1960s and early 1970s. Another possibility is that foobar evolved from electronics, as an inverted foo signal. This is because if a digital signal is active low (so a negative or zero-voltage condition represents a "1") then a horizontal bar is commonly placed over the signal label. The Jargon File makes a case that foo possibly predates FUBAR
From the Jargon Files http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/F/foo.html
foo: /foo/
bar: /bar/, n.
According to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foo:
I second the jargon file regarding Foo Bar.
I can trace it back at least to 1963, and PDP-1 serial number 2, which was on the second floor of Building 26 at MIT. Foo and Foo Bar were used there, and after 1964 at the PDP-6 room at project MAC.
As far as I know, foo comes from foobar which is an alteration of "fubar", a military catch phraase that stands for "F***ed up beyond all recognition."
Then again, there may be other sources.
Foo and Bar (otherwise known as FUBAR...F***ed Up Beyond All Recognition) has just been used as standard generic names for things like classes, properties, method names, etc.
Basically the idea is to convey your code without as much extraneous information that could possibly get away from how the code works (i.e. we don't need to know your function is named AddUser to see the code and understand what it does if we rename it to Foo() ).
These are nonsense words that in most cases can be substituted with more relevant example words. The words "foo" and "bar" are frequently used in programming when someone can't think of a good example.
If "foo" and "bar" are derived from FUBAR, why is it they are used by so many professionals in instruction examples when the examples resemble nothing being f'd up beyond recognition?
To me, the common use of these words inappropriately is what's so f'd up beyond recognition.


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This question already has an answer here:
- $\arcsin$ written as $\sin^{-1}(x)$ 1 answer
I know that $\displaystyle \cot(x)=\frac{1}{\tan(x)}$ and $\space \displaystyle \arctan(x)=\tan(x)^{-1}=\frac{1}{\tan(x)}$
What is the difference between these two function?
Is $\cot(x)$ the reciprocal function of $\space \tan(x) \space$ and $\arctan(x)$ is the inverse function of $\tan(x)$?
And, so the assumption that $\space \displaystyle \arctan(x)=\tan(x)^{-1}=\frac{1}{\tan(x)}$, is incorrect?


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Let's put our hands together Now batting for Mudville . . . Casey
America has been waiting for this mighty ballplayer to step up to the plate and right his wrong that left Mudville in a state of gloom. Now, in this humorous, seam-splitting sequel to Ernest Lawrence Thayer's "Casey at the Bat: A Ballad of the Republic," award-winning author Dan Gutman offers Casey what any failed sports hero most desires--a second chance.
Steve Johnson and Lou Fancher bring fans the tense excitement of a thrilling game with their fabulous art and inventive design. All eyes will be on Casey as he comes back to bat. . . .
Will he finally bring joy to Mudville?
About the Author
Dan Gutman is the author of the Baseball Card Adventure series, which has sold more than one and a half million copies, and the My Weird School series, which has sold more than 5.5 million copies!
Thanks to his many fans who voted in their classrooms, he has received fifteen state book awards and thirty-eight state book award nominations. Dan Gutman lives in Haddonfield, New Jersey, with his wife, Nina, and their two children, Sam and Emma.
Praise For…
"Gutman pulls out all the stops...Johnson and Fancher's paintings are remarkable...Sheer delight."
-Kirkus Reviews (starred review)
"The ride is uproarious from start to finish...will have baseball fans of all ages cheering."
-School Library Journal (starred review)
"...An amusing rendition...wonderful illustrations."
-San Diego Union-Tribune
"...Wonderfully inventive...Gutman's poetic updating is funny and lively. The illustrations are terrific"
-Orange County Register
"Sheer delight."
-Kirkus Reviews (starred review)
"With a re-invention like this, Casey is welcome back at bat anytime."
-Horn Book Magazine
"Out of this world."
"A solid homer."
-Chicago Sun-Times


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Fall Color Trends
It's mid-August…
Which means back-to-school sales are in full swing, new issues of style magazines have expanded to twice their usual size, and the first fall deliveries have arrived at stores.
As I keep encountering these signs of the upcoming autumn, I've been noticing some definite color trends in fashion. Bold, bright, and modern colors are being paired with easy-to-wear neutral tones, allowing for fresh-looking color combinations with a strong sense of balance.
I've pulled together some great examples of these colors from Berroco's shade cards. The brights are contemporary and crisp-looking:Left to Right: Peruvia 7192 Sol, Lustra 3171 Menthe, Ultra Alpaca 6260 Royal, Blackstone Tweed Metallic 4642 Rhubarb, Peruvia 7191 Pimienta.
The neutrals work to complement bolder colors, while also helping to pull the look together. Here are some nice options:Left to Right: Voyage 4030 Satchel, Campus 2492 Thesis, Boboli 5320 Ceylon, Voyage 4010 Maple, Ultra Alpaca 6214 Steel Cut Oats.
It's easy to picture this bold/neutral color pairing with sweaters from the Fall/Winter 2011 Collection…
Softly-colored Nurmi from Booklet #311 would look stylish layered over red (pants from J.Crew).
The magenta Ion hat from NGV9 would look sensational paired with a gray jacket like the one pictured and a pair of bottle-green corduroys (pants from J.Crew).
Cappuccino from Booklet #314 is pictured in a glowing red with neutral-colored clothes and accessories, balancing the bright pop of color.
If you're ready for a wardrobe update, start a project in one of these beautiful colors to mix and match with what's already in your closet. This season is perfect for experimenting!
Nathan R. Jessop #
Oh Amanda, you have done it again. Writing another fascinating and insightful blog. I enjoy them almost as much as I enjoy your tweets, which bring joy to my mundane life. I hope you write some kind of pattern book in the near future.August 16, 2011
Ellen H. #
Consistent excellent blog entries…and I know how hard that is to do! Excellent work, Amanda.August 17, 2011


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Paneltronics LED Indicator Light - Red
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text:
Ends today. Eddie Bauer is offering 25% off all purchases, including clearance items, plus free shipping on orders $49+ with coupon code SHARE25. Shipping and handling is $8 on orders $48 or less; clearance items are already reduced up to 60% off. The pictured Classic Fit Double-Layer Fatigue (Black, Red, or Moss) is $80 - 25% off code + $0 shipping and handling = $60 shipped.
Deal has expired


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"I graduated from Todd Central in 1974, and like all graduates I was very proud of my ring."
After she graduated Elaine Powell married in 1976. Her husband was in the military and they lived near the base at Fort Campell.
"Our trailer, our home, was burglarized. We lost a lot of items. Those items included our class rings."
They had no hope of ever getting their rings back, until recently.
"The principal at Todd Central, Mr. Bruce Voth, received an Email."
Voth says, "It was just someone who had come across a ring with initials inside. It had Todd Central on the outside and he was just on our website and he'd been trying to find us."
The man lives in Columbia, South Carolina, and he asked Voth if he could find out who the ring belonged to.
Voth says, "He said well, let's go look at composites on the wall, I'm sure we can find her. And sure enough in the Class of '74 her picture was right there."
The man had had the ring for years and in an Email to Powell he wrote, "For years I wondered how I could ever find its owner. So thanks to computerized search, which I just thought of recently, the search is over."
So now that she has the ring back, does it fit?
"Yes, I can still put it on. I probably won't wear it very much, but it does still fit."
The most important thing to Powell is that she has part of her memories returned.
"I'm just extremely thankful to have this ring back. It's not its value or that I'll even wear it that much. It's just a significant memento of my high school years that I'm very proud to have."
The South Carolina man who had the ring says his daughter got it from a friend, who had gotten it from a boyfriend. After they broke up, she gave it away. So her dad kept the ring and for years he tried to find out who it belonged to. Powell she offered to pay him back, but he said, "The cost is negligible, my pleasure will be your receiving a lost treasure."


text:
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Bathing safety tips; Infant bathing; Newborn bathing; Bathing your newborn baby
Bath time can be fun. But you need to be very careful with your child around water. Most drowning deaths in children happen at home, most times when the caregiver leaves a child alone in the bathroom. Do not leave your child alone around water, not even for a few seconds.
These tips can help you prevent accidents in the bath:
You will need to be extra careful when bathing your newborn:
Other tips that can protect your child in the bathroom are:
Talk with your child's doctor if you have questions about the safety of your bathroom or your child's bathing routine.
Brenner RA, et al. Prevention of drowning in infants, children, and adolescents. A technical report of the American Academy of Pediatrics (Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention). Pediatrics. 2003 August; 112( 2): 437-439.
American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention. Policy statemet -- prevention of drowning. Pediatrics. Aug 2010;116: 178-185.


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Life Fitness pioneered the SYNRGY360 concept to create transformational and inspiring fitness experiences for a diverse audience of exercisers. It is ideal for dynamic small group training, one-on-one personal training, and for individual exercisers.
Each unit is modular, which means that a facility has nearly limitless options of how to build the optimal solution for its exercisers. The groundbreaking concept provides opportunities to offer exciting small group training to anyone in your facility.
A SYNRGY360 system provides a hub of motivating energy. Life Fitness has a wide breadth of products to create an inviting focal point for any facility.
Nearly limitless variety takes the repetition out of small group training.
Several configuration options and workout station choices allow a facility to tailor the perfect system for its exercisers.
Five different sizes of SYNRGY360 units makes it easy to choose one that fits best into any facility.
An expanding offering of options and add ons keeps workouts fresh and fun.
Cable Motion multi-jungles add versatility and robust training options to any SYNRGY360 unit.
Offers large group training options with eight unique training spaces, including a 10-handle monkey bar zone and two dedicated areas for suspension training. Requires a live area of 27' x 27' (8.2 m x 8.2 m).
Group training options with six available training spaces, including a seven-handle monkey bar zone. Requires a live area of 22' x 27' (6.7 m x 8.2 m).
A compact group training solution with four distinct training spaces. Requires a live area of 22' x 22' (6.7 m x 6.7 m).
A space-conscious setup that fits in small training areas or against a wall. Features two unique training spaces. Requires a live area of 11' x 22' (3.4 m x 6.7 m).
This section contains a Media Gallery Rotator. Switch to Edit Mode to add images and text for visitors to see.
Enhance the Experience. Add a Row GX Trainer to your small group training to provide an exciting and challenging total-body cardio workout.


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Consider a fourth order linear (biharmonic) PDE in two variables of the form
$\nabla^4u + c\nabla^2u-\lambda u = F(x,y)$; $(x,y) \in \Lambda$
To have uniqueness, we must specify two equations per point on $\partial \Lambda$. Now consider the limit where $c\rightarrow \infty$. The solution, $u$, is approximated by $\tilde u$, given by
$c\nabla^2\tilde u-\lambda \tilde u = F(x,y)$; $(x,y) \in \Lambda$
for which we must only specify one equation on the boundary.
The question is: what boundary conditions do we pick for $\tilde u$?
If I use a "clamped boundary" $u=u'=0$, the solution is approximated by using the boundary condition $\tilde u = 0$. If I use a "free boundary" $u''=u'''=0$, the appropriate approximation is $\tilde u'=0$.


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I really need your advice. I'm reading a few articles about TDD in JavaScript but I'm really struggling to understand how to use it in my daily work. For instance I'm currently working on a page that has an accordion and each item of the accordion has dynamic contents populated through a JSON object. The JSON object is provided by a third party. I'm using jQuery. My way of testing so far is called console.log :)
- What kind of tests should I write?
- Does TDD make sense for this kind of application of is meant for something else?
Sorry for the noob question but I'd really appreciate your opinion


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What are some synonyms for relationship which encompass how something fits - like how a couch fits in a room, or how a building fits on a block, or how a neighborhood fits in a city. Its "fitting-in-ness", or ability to properly fit into a place and even improve it because it fits so well
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One meaning of harmony is "a pleasing combination of elements in a whole."
Harmonious means "having component elements pleasingly or appropriately combined: a harmonious blend of architectural styles."
Maybe "congruity" or "compatibility"?
I don't know if you're looking to use it in a specific context or you just have this question buzzing around your head... I'm sure there must be a great noun out there, but otherwise perhaps you could turn the phrase around and use a verb, which might sound less clunky? Something like "complement", "enhance", "blend", or more colloquially "look right at home"?
For what it's worth!
Suitability fits. For instance, one would refer to the suitability of the couch (for the living room).
The first thing that entered my mind was the Chinese concept of feng shui. Originally a Chinese term, it has migrated into English dictionaries. One website decribes it thusly:
Feng shui encompasses many philosophical concepts as well; however, when applied as a borrowed term in English, the term seems to focus on the harmony of objects within the context of their surroundings. Wordnik mentions:
It might not always be a suitable term, but, at the right time and place in a conversation, it could fit rather nicely.


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I am interested in pursuing an understanding of K-theory. Primarily, the $K_3(\mathbb{Z})$ algebraic K-group over ring of integers of an algebraic number field and its relationship to the $\mathbb{Z}/48$ ring of integers modulo 48.
This is (of course), again, from Terry Gannon's "Moonshine Beyond the Monster" where he talks about many amazing coincidences with the number 24, the Riemann Zeta Function $\Sigma_{n=1}^\infty (1/n)^{-1} = -1/12$, Apery's constant, where $\Sigma_{n=1}^\infty (1/n)^2 = \pi/6$ (which he states are both synonomous in their relationship to $K_3(\mathbb{Z})\leftrightarrow \mathbb{Z}/48$....)
A little harder to discern is the (possible) relationship of the Bimonster, $(M \times M) \rtimes \mathbb{Z}/2 \to M \wr 2$, and the Incidence Graph of the M-13 pseudogroup with 13 points and lines, (the 13 point, 13 line projective plane, where here, the coincidence would appear to be the number 26, which is the dimension of Bosonic String Theory (2 + 24 dimensions, the quantum harmonic oscillator on a 2-dimbrane, which relates to -1/12 above per John Baez "My Favorite Number is 24")). It's tempting to see the resemblance of 24 relating to the Monster, and 48 to the BiMonster, but that seems to obvious. Finally, is there any relevance in bringing in the M12-Mathieu group here, being so close to the M13-pseudogroup? I apologize ahead of time if this last paragraph is "shooting the moon" but hopefully my first two paragraphs are well-stated questions.


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"If you ran your business like this, you'd be living under a bridge. You don't increase taxes if you can't pay your bills. You get paid by our dollars, and we are running out."
— Trumbull finance board member Cindy Penkoff, testifying before state lawmakers Feb. 25, as reported by The Greenwich Time newspaper.
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I have some bots, which are run by the System scheduler at given time interval. But sometimes due to some logical error I have to stop these bots manually. How can I find these processes run by the scheduler and kill them?
You can kill processes by name. For example, on Linux, *BSD and Solaris,
If you want to specifically target processes started by the scheduler, and you're killing the processes manually, you can run
If you want to be able to kill these processes automatically in a homemade method, make them store their process ID in a file. This kind of file is called a pidfile when it's used to only have a single instance of the process running (which may or may not be something you want). If you want multiple instances, store the PIDs in separate files in a common directory; here's a shell snippet that does this:
A better solution, if you have hard criteria to detect runaway processes, is to use a general monitoring program, or in simple cases just put a limit on how long the process is allowed to run. You may find these links helpful:
I'd suggest popping their PID ($$) into a file after you spawn them. You can then use this to kill the process.
A basic try/catch branch in most programming languages to find infinite loops or other cases of errors should work. Possibly an inactive/unresponsive timer on the processes to watch for hangs.


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Using My Oracle Support for Hardware Products
By Gerry Haskins-Oracle on Feb 15, 2011
My colleagues in Services are running Best Practice Webinars on knowledge searching and how to find Firmware, Storage updates, and Oracle Solaris patchsets.
The next sessions for patching are this Thursday, Feb 18th, at 9AM MT (U.S. Mountain Time) and 5PM MT. If you miss these, don't worry, there's more being hosted through to the end of April 2011. See below.
Log into MOS and see
https://support.oracle.com/CSP/main/article?cmd=show&type=NOT&doctype=SYSTEMDOC&id=1282218.1 for details.
Here's the blurb:
\* Best practice on knowledge searching and how to find Firmware, Storage updates, and Oracle Solaris patch sets
\* Hardware Asset and Automated Service Request (ASR) Management
\* Automatic Service Request from end to end
\* Proactive Hardware Service Portal
\* My Oracle Support - Hardware Service Request
Oracle support experts will be on hand to present these topics and answer questions about best practices in using My Oracle Support for servicing your supported hardware products.


text: 25 September 2011 archive See all show photos IF you're looking for fashion theatre you can't do much better than Dolce & Gabbana: the pretty fairy lights in red, blue and green that decked out the catwalk space and echoed those on the postcard invitation; the papping frenzy when Scarlett Johansson walked in and took her seat; Paloma Faith in a ball gown (it was lunchtime) and then of course all the gorgeous girls in the clothes. "I loved it. You could feel the spirit of a hot Sicilian summer - bedecked bodies in capricious full skirts and form-fitting bra tops," said Vogue's Emma Elwick-Bates after the show as a parade of girls shimmered down the catwalk in bejewelled one and two-pieces and gathered back at the top of the catwalk into beauty pageant poses while Mr Dolce and Mr Gabbana took their bows and the curtains closed - the end. But back to the beginning. It seems that food is on the brain here in Milan. Following last night's healthy Moschino Cheap & Chic outing, we were treated to another dose here with tomato, red onions and pepper printed skirts and any other fruit and/or vegetable you can think of - these boys are making sure you get your five a day whether you're eating them or wearing them. Wicker baskets in hand, it was a nostalgic trip back in time to the Fifties with dirndl skirts holding hips and natty little jackets covered in floral appliqué – which grew, fittingly, like ivy up hems of dresses and engulfed necklines. These were the neat daywear looks – for when the fun of the morning shop to the local market is over and dinky little shorts and bra tops just won't do. But then their gal walked with even more of a wiggle – hardly surprisingly perhaps when "Hey mambo, mambo Italiano is blaring out - in stunningly glamorous chandelier dresses, encrusted and smothered with sparkle much like that that shone down from above. The jewels appeared on transparent rain macs too as though this girl had been caught in the most glamorous of rain storms. A real sense of theatre, even though the duo announced this week that the D&G line was no more – and showed the last collection for it - this show proved that there is still a whole lot more to look forward to, whether two lines or one. SEE THE DOLCE & GABBANA SHOW ARCHIVE Jessica Bumpus Continue reading Back to top


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ITS Services Status / DEFINE Internals/Enterprise Workflow Planned Maintenance
DEFINE Internals/Enterprise Workflow
Wednesday, May 1, 2013 5:00 PM - 7:00 PM
*DEFINE Internals/Enterprise Workflow will be performing planned maintenance to deploy user-requested enhancements and bug fixes. A small percentage of users may experience a very limited interruption in service.
For further information, contact Don Weeda.
Download an ICS file for this event
Information last updated: 5:03 PM, September 9, 2013


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July 14, 2014
5 Legendary Mandela Day Events in Cape Town You Can't Miss
"It's in your hands to create a better world for all who live in it" - Nelson Mandela
Mandela Day 2014 on July 18 marks our beloved Tata Madiba's would-have been 96th birthday and it's the ideal opportunity to follow this great man's example by channelling your inner charitable spirit.
A celebration of Nelson Mandela's birthday, the day was created as a way to emulate the global icon's humanitarian efforts, and give 67 minutes of time in honour of the 67 years of his dedication to social justice. With so many fantastic events happening in and around Cape Town, there are plenty of things for the Good Samaritans within us to do.
Come and spend your 67 minutes of volunteerism with us at the following inspirational events:
Stop Hunger Now at Canal Walk
So you're great at whipping up sandwiches? Then Stop Hunger Now at the Canal Walk Shopping Centre is the Madiba Day event for you.
Stop Hunger Now is an international organisation that coordinates the distribution of food and other life-saving aid worldwide. Together with their partners Canal Walk Foundation, Smile 90.4FM and Oprah Magazine, they're aiming to fulfil their target of packing packaging 250 000 meals.
Volunteers can spend 67 minutes packaging meals that will go to needy preschools around the Western Cape. The 250 000 meals packaged will feed 1 700 learner 3 meals a week during term time.
This charitable event is one of Cape Town Angels' key projects and Cape Town Tourism is proud to be supporting them with this.
Location: Canal Walk Shopping Centre, Century City
Contact: +27 (0)21 705 6278
Website: www.stophungernowsa.org
V&A Waterfront's Mandela Day Activities
Our favourite seaside destination, the V&A Waterfront, will be buzzing with goodwill and spirit as its plays host to a series of charitable events.
Start your Madiba Day by delivering blankets, books and toys for kids up to six years old to the shipping container erected at the Clock Tower Square which has been converted into a childcare centre as a donation to Breadline Africa.
The Honourable Archbishop Desmond Tutu will be popping by too, to speak, host painting and reading activities with children and officially hand over the container.
Get your precious darlings into the spirit of giving too by signing them up for 67 minutes of creating Mandela-inspired artworks for the little patients at Somerset Hospital at the Artjamming studio between 9am and 4pm. Booking is advised and can be made by emailing firstname.lastname@example.com.
Location: V&A Waterfront
Contact: +27 (0) 21 408 7500
Website: www.waterfront.co.za
The Dogbox Project
Our four legged friends need some of your time and attention too so channel your inner Picasso for the Dogbox Project, a kennel painting initiative at the CapeGate Shopping Centre in the Northern Suburbs supported by the Cape Town Angels.
Your assistance will give that much-needed finishing detail to a warm, new home for Cape Town's furries so get painting and varnishing!
Location: CapeGate Shopping Centre, Brackenfell
Website: www.dogboxproject.co.za
Book Donation Drive at the Cape Quarter Lifestyle Village
Teach a child to read and you'll open his or her mind to a world of imagination… so this Madiba Day, why not donate an educational or fictional book to the Cape Quarter Lifestyle Village's Book Donation Drive?
Prestwich Primary School in Green Point is the worthy beneficiary of this amazing event. Need an incentive to open your wallets and hearts? The Bay Bookshop in the Cape Quarter is offering a 20% discount on any books purchased for the donation box in that store.
Location: Cape Quarter Lifestyle Village. Green Point
Website: www.capequarter.co.za
Living Hope Hospice
Put some muscle, time and love into your 67 minutes and beyond by volunteering at the Living Hope Hospice in Hout Bay.
The Hospice assists the communities of Capricorn, Masiphumelele, Mountain View, Muizenberg, Ocean View, Overcome Heights, and Red Hill and is in need of extra hands to assist with their charity drives.
Location: Living Hope Hospice, Hout Bay
Website: www.livinghope.co.za


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From B&W to Creative Color - If you enjoy working with black and white film and prints but are intrigued by color too, here's how you can add color wherever you want it. Photographers of all abilities can learn how to explore that gray area between the black and whote print and the full color photograph; using this guide, you can learn how to add color and vitality to make your photographs unique.
The simple to follow instructions, which require no special skill, equipment, or darkroom, will help you create photographs that excite the imagination. More than 40 photographs from the author's collection are beautifully reproduced on high-quality paper to demonstrate the effectiveness of these simple procedures.
Topics include colorizing (tinting and toning) black and white prints, adding color selectively to black and white prints, print retouching, archival printing techniques and storing, mounting and framing prints. A valuable guide for anyone who wants to turn an ordinary photograph into a personalized master print.
About the Author: Jerry Davidson comes from a family of artists and has worked as both an artist and a photographer for the past 18 years. His paintings, drawings and photographs have been widely exhibited in public and private galleries. Numerous magazines have featured his articles and photographs on photographic technique, travel and aviation.
A former military and commercial airline pilot, Jerry retains an association with aviation as an official photographer for the reknowned Canadian Air Forces "Snowbirds" Air Demonstration Team. He and his wife live on Saltspring Island near Victoria, B.C., where he works out of his home studio and teaches art.
|Darkroom and Retouching
|Jerry Davidson
|Not specified
|Hard/Soft Cover
|Not specified
|Not specified
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|Not specified
|ISBN Number
|Not specified
|Date Published
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|Packaging Info
|Package Weight
|0.5 lb
|Box Dimensions (LxWxH)
|10.8 x 8.3 x 0.2"


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Product Recalls
Below is a current list of items that have been sold by Kmart, which are subject to recall. Click on a product link for information on actions you should take if you purchased any of the items listed. Kmart updates this recall list on a regular basis.
For more information on recalled products, visit www.recalls.gov. This web site is a partnership among six federal agencies. Visitors to www.recalls.gov can also access other important safety notices and sign up for e-mail announcements on new recalls and consumer news.


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I added a camera to my comp, however, when I render it uses the active camera, and not camera1. How do I Either make camera1 my active camera, or make it so that I can render out camera1
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Just move the camera to the top of the composition. The 1st camera is the one Ae will render.
It sounds like you've switched over to Active Camera in your Composition window.
You may need to switch the Composition viewport window to the camera you wish to use. Do this by selecting the camera in the dropdown menu at the bottom of the Composition window.
Hope this helps!


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22 Jan 2008 5:42 AM #1
How does Ext cope with Google SEO?
Hi. I was wondering how Ext content is recognized by Google search engine.? Is there anything regarding Ext that might prevent my site from being high up in Google ranks? What are the areas I need to be careful about? Did anyone try to make a site thats lets say in top 10 results?
22 Jan 2008 6:18 AM #2
22 Jan 2008 2:20 PM #3
Anything that's loaded, displayed or generated using the Ext library will not be visible to Google or any other search engine as they don't process the javascript that is the base of the systems that are built. SE's index HTML and other fixed documents, but there just isn't a way to properly spider everything that javascript can do. Even if there was, this would still limit you to having one page in the listings (assuming that you're using the framework as it's intended for application development).
If you're looking for SEO then anything javascript is bad. Things like Ext can still have a place, but really only as a visual enhancement, and not a ranking or content enhancement.'Once again, fortune vomits on my eiderdown'
- Edmund Blackadder


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CaminhaThe Atlantic beaches are popular among water sports enthusiast with the windy conditions attracting surfers. The immediate surroundings of Caminha are also great for hiking, mountain biking and canyoning. Porto is approximately 100 km from Caminha and 400 km from Lisbon. Below find a list of our selection of boutique and luxury hotels in Caminha.
Design & Wine HotelCaminha
, Portugal
A high-tech hideaway in Portuguese wine country, Design & Wine offers artistic and culinary accents that stimulate the senses.


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Our Publications
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Some 400 fitness buffs helped Marisa Wayne celebrate the opening of Grit Cycle in Costa Mesa, posing for paparazzi, indulging in bites by Filomena's Italian Kitchen, and sipping pick-me-ups from Southern Wine and Spirits and Nekter Juice Bar. Wayne—a founding partner and the daughter of film icon John Wayne—pumped up the crowd with her high energy and her community-minded message, vowing to donate a dollar from every cycling class to a worthwhile cause. First on the list? The John Wayne Cancer Foundation's kids' summer camp programs. That's a fine reason to take a spin. Photography by Keith Crews


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Kindle Fire Usability Findings
Summary: Mobile web sites work best on the 7-inch tablet. Users had great trouble touching the correct items on full sites, where UI elements are too small on the Fire screen.
This article is about the 1st generation Kindle Fire, launched in 2011. Please see newer article for an analysis of the 2nd generation Kindle Fire HD.
Amazon.com's new Kindle Fire offers a disappointingly poor user experience. Using the web with the Silk browser is clunky and error-prone. Reading downloaded magazines is not much better. Still, user testing with the Fire did help us understand what the new generation of 7-inch tablets is good for: Are they more like 10-inch tablets (e.g., the iPad) or more like 3.5-inch mobile phones? To give away the conclusion, the answer is: "a bit of both."
To get an early understanding of a 7-inch tablet's content, services, and apps usability, we ran usability sessions with the Kindle Fire. Test participants had between 1.5 and 2.5 years' experience using touchscreen devices: half used Android phones and half used iPhone. This was a small study, with only 4 users, but qualitative studies often generate deeper insights than bigger, more metrics-focused quantitative studies.
Fat-Finger Problem Makes Mobile Sites Superior
The most striking observation from testing the Fire is that everything is much too small on the screen, leading to frequent tap errors and accidental activation. You haven't seen the fat-finger problem in its full glory until you've watched users struggle to touch things on the Fire. One poor guy spent several minutes trying to log in to Facebook, but was repeatedly foiled by accidentally touching the wrong field or button — this on a page with only 2 text fields and 1 button.
Touching Kindle Fire's small fields and buttons is an error-prone activity.
Our iPad testing showed that full sites work quite well on 10-inch tablets. Conversely, testing mobile phones revealed that specialized mobile sites are superior on smaller touchscreens (typically, 3.5-inch diagonal).
Using designs intended for a full screen on a 7-inch tablet is like squeezing a size-10 person into a size-7 suit. Not going to look good. But that's what the Fire is trying to do. Accessing full (desktop) sites on the Fire was a prescription for failure in our testing. Users did much better when using mobile sites.
Using sites optimized for 3.5-inch mobile screens on the bigger 7-inch screen felt luxurious — somewhat like using a regular website on a 30-inch monitor. You have all the space in the world and can see the entire page with little (if any) scrolling.
The superiority of mobile sites over full sites on the Kindle Fire has three implications:
- Websites should sniff the user-agent code and automatically serve up the mobile version when accessed from a 7-inch tablet.
- For Kindle Fire users, search engines (such as Google, Bing, Baidu, and Naver) should prioritize links to mobile sites in the SERP (search engine results page). Currently, search engines often hurt users by pointing to full sites even when companies offer mobile sites that would be easier to use.
- Kindle users should change their browser preference settings to mobile view. (In the Silk browser, tap Menu button > Settings > (scroll to "Advanced" items) > Desktop or mobile view.)
Using the Kindle Fire
Our studies of Kindle Fire weren't intended to advise consumers on whether to buy a Fire device. Our goal was to discover design guidelines for companies that are building websites, apps, or content that their customers might access on a Fire. We also wanted to collect video clips of user behavior to show in our training courses on Mobile User Experience and Visual Design for Mobile and Tablets. These two goals were amply met, once again confirming the value of small-N user testing.
Even so, I have some observations on the device itself, based on both my personal use over the past two weeks and on the usability study.
The Fire is a heavy object. It's unpleasant to hold for extended periods of time. Unless you have forearm muscles like Popeye, you can't comfortably sit and read an engaging novel all evening. The lack of physical buttons for turning the page also impedes on the reading experience for fiction. On the older Kindles, it's easy to keep a finger on the button when all you use it for is to turn the page. In contrast, tapping an area of the screen disrupts reading enjoyment, is slightly error-prone, and leaves smudges on the screen. The Fire screen also has more glare than the traditional Kindle.
For reading fiction, the older Kindle design wins.
For nonfiction, such as textbooks and magazines, the older Kindle's awkward interaction design precludes easy navigation and the grayscale screen doesn't properly display illustrations.
The Kindle Fire wins big for reading magazines and other light nonfiction. Deeper reading that requires users to frequently refer to other parts of the text is still not well supported. Even with a touchscreen, within-book navigation is slow and awkward, so I don't recommend the Kindle Fire for reading textbooks.
The magazine reading experience could be good but actually is miserable because the content isn't designed for the device or for interactive reading:
- Many magazines don't have a "homepage" where users can return after finishing an article.
- Headlines on magazine covers aren't clickable, even though we've known that users want this since our first iPad studies in early 2010. (Honorable exception: in our study, Vanity Fair did allow users to tap a headline on the cover to go directly to the corresponding story.)
- "Page View" is unreadable and "Text View" has the worst layout I've seen in years. Illustrations are either too big or too small and are usually located far from the place they're discussed in the copy.
- The page scrubber is a singularly useless navigation device: It offers no overview of the available content and requires pixel-perfect finger movements. Even though this widget didn't help users at all in testing, several users said that they liked it, which is a great example of why you shouldn't listen to what users say. (Rather, watch what they do.) People felt so lost within the magazines that any navigation aid seemed to offer a lifeline, even when it was no good. Users aren't designers, and so they don't know that there are many other navigation features that could have been chosen instead.
- The pop-up table of contents often contained "cute" headlines that might work in print, but emitted zero information scent. Article summaries were no better. Problems that I pointed out in my analysis of Kindle content usability 2.5 years ago still aren't addressed.
- Search was like watching AltaVista redux. Actually, AltaVista was better in late 1998 than magazine/newspaper search on the Kindle Fire today, because at least AV tried to prioritize the search results instead of simply listing all keyword matches.
Screen updates are too slow, so scrolling can feel erratic and there's a huge lag in response after pressing command-buttons. This breaks the illusion of direct manipulation. It's odd that this happens; the Fire supposedly has a fast CPU and doesn't push as many pixels as the iPad does. Must be sloppy programming.
Using apps and websites on the Kindle Fire is less efficient than on other devices because it lacks two key physical buttons: one to return to the home screen (as on the Kindle Keyboard) and one for volume up/down (as on the iPad). Physical Back and Menu buttons would also make the interaction more fluent (as on Android phones). After a while, touching the screen to bring up the control strip becomes less unnatural, but it's still an extra step compared to hitting a hard button. As for the full keyboard, though: good riddance. It's a waste to allocate room for all the A–Z keys on a small device, and most use doesn't require more typing than you can comfortably achieve with an on-screen keyboard.
Kindle Fire also suffers from plain old bad UI design in many areas. For example, the highlighting feedback for touching a button is so small that your finger usually covers it, making it invisible:
Look closely and you can see the corner of the highlighting around the button being pushed,
but the user's finger often covers such feedback completely.
Making feedback big enough to be seen around the user's finger is a basic usability guideline for visual design for mobile and tablets. Big mistake by Amazon. Another example of bad design that tripped up several users in our testing: the Silk web browser lets users select individual words within the text in dropdown menus. In fact, it's so easy to do this that users often selected words when they wanted to activate a menu option.
If I were given to conspiracy theories, I'd say that Amazon deliberately designed a poor web browsing user experience to keep Fire users from shopping on competing sites. Amazon's own built-in shopping app has great usability, so they clearly know how to design for the tablet.
7-Inch Tablet UX Prospects: Great or Terrible
7-inch tablets have either a glorious future or will fail miserably. I doubt there's a middle path in their future.
For 7-inch tablets to succeed, service and content providers must design specifically for these devices. Repurposed designs from print, mobile phones, 10-inch tablets, or desktop PCs will fail, because they offer a terrible user experience. A 7-inch tablet is a sufficiently different form factor that it must be treated as a new platform. Furthermore, these mid-sized tablets are so weak that suboptimal designs — that is, repurposed content — won't work. Optimize for 7-inch or die.
Pragmatically, it won't pay for magazine publishers, websites, application programmers, and other providers to design and build a separate version of their offerings for 7-inch tablets unless these devices have many millions of users. Unless there's a substantial payoff, the expense of maintaining multiple versions will be too big.
That's why my prediction of the 7-inch future is bimodal. If the platform becomes a raving success and quickly sells in large numbers (say, 50 million copies by end of 2013), then we'll have an economic foundation to support a rich ecosystem of 7-inch-optimized services. And, with plentiful offerings, users will be satisfied and will buy more 7-inch devices. A virtuous circle .
On the other hand, if only a few million 7-inch tablets sell over the next year or two, then the platform will either die or be reduced to serving poor people who can't afford a full-sized tablet. A small audience won't offer much incentive for providers to publish 7-inch-optimized content and services. The resulting unpleasant user experience will drive any remaining affluent users to buy bigger tablets. A vicious circle.
7-inch tablets occupy a tenuous slice of territory in the user experience landscape:
- On the one hand, the devices are too weak to support easy, pleasant, and efficient use of the broad range of user interfaces optimized for other form factors. 7-inch screens are too small to easily browse full websites, and yet too big to carry with you at all times like a mobile phone.
- On the other hand, they are strong enough to provide good usability when designs are optimized for the 7-inch platform. The screen is large enough to show pretty pictures and full-color illustrations, and it can also support fairly efficient navigation and other user actions. When designed right, the 7-inch user experience is richer and more pleasant than a mobile phone UX.
Designs that are optimized for 7-inch will have high usability. They'll probably never fully equal a 10-inch UX, but then again, the 7-inch devices are much cheaper and easier to carry around. Hopefully, future 7-inchers will also be lighter and have longer battery life than the current bulkier devices.
Will the economics support the availability of such optimized designs? I don't know, because user research and usability analysis can't take us into that territory. All I can say is that the UX will be great if the money is there and poor if it's not. For now, 7-inch tablets will have to make do with repurposed content.
(Disclosure: Nielsen Norman Group paid the full commercial price for all of the different Kindle and iPad models we've analyzed. We didn't receive free units from Amazon or Apple, thus preserving our independence to call the designs as we see them. By way of full disclosure, Apple is one of the companies that has sent the most attendees to my Usability Week conference in recent years, though I don't think this influenced my analysis.)
Rebutting the critics of our Kindle Fire usability research.
More wide-spread use of other (and potentially better) 7-inch tablets in Asia.
Kindle Fire HD analyzed: much better usability in the next-generation version of this product.
Full Report
The full report with all our research into mobile user experience with actionable design guidelines for mobile sites and apps is available for download.
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Eye Health Center
Eye Tests and Exams
In this article
Here's a brief guide to the special eye tests your eye doctor may perform during an eye exam.
Applanation Tonometry
This eye test helps doctors diagnose glaucoma by measuring the amount of pressure needed to flatten a portion of the cornea. This is done by placing local anesthetic drops and a dye in the eye from a thin strip of paper coated with the dye. The dye colors the tears on the surface of the eye. The pressure is measured as the tip of the tonometer lightly touches the eye. This instrument can be hand-held or attached to a slit lamp.
Corneal and Retinal Topography
These are specialized computerized tests used to create a "map" of the curvature of the cornea or surface of the retina. The corneal test can show distortions of the surface of the eye, such as swelling or scarring, as well as conditions such as astigmatism. This corneal test may be used to evaluate patients before they undergo any refractive surgery or corneal transplants, as well as for fitting contact lenses. The retinal test may be used to follow patients with serious conditions of the retina, such as age-related macular degeneration and retinal detachment.
Fluorescein Angiogram
The fluorescein angiogram is an eye test used to evaluate the blood circulation in the retina. It is useful in helping diagnose diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, and macular degeneration. During this eye test, a special dye, called fluorescein, is injected into a vein in the arm. The dye quickly travels to the blood vessels inside the eye. Once it reaches the eye, a specialized camera equipped with special filters that highlight the dye is used to photograph the fluorescein as it circulates though the blood vessels in the back of the eye. This will enable the doctor to diagnose any circulation problems, swelling, leaking, or abnormal blood vessels.
Dilated Pupillary Exam
During this eye test, the eye doctor places special drops in the eye that cause the pupil to dilate (expand). By dilating the pupils, the doctor can examine your retina for any signs of disease.


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As Ferguson readies for investigation, witness testimony will be key
False memories can sometimes mar testimony
WASHINGTON, D.C. - Even before a county grand jury starts to hear evidence on Wednesday in the police shooting death of Michael Brown, dueling narratives have emerged. Witnesses said they saw a scuffle between officer Darren Wilson and Brown at the police car before the young man was shot. Several witnesses said Brown raised his hands and was not attacking the officer. Others say Brown was running away from police.
These conflicting memories would be no surprise to forensic psychologist Scott Fraser. He studies the fallibility of human memory- in particular what's real and what's selective when it comes to recollection and crime.
Fraser's the guy that both defense attorneys and prosecutors call on when they question the veracity of a witness. He studies how we remember crimes and makes the case for implanted memories – the idea that we remember something as a result of "post-experience information."
In a TED talk in 2012, Fraser told the audience that "all our memories are reconstructed memories. They are the product of what we originally experienced and everything that's happened afterwards. They're dynamic. They're malleable. They're volatile, and as a result, we all need to remember to be cautious, the that accuracy of our memories is not measured in how vivid they are nor how certain you are they're correct."
In that talk, Fraser described his involvement in the retrial of the 1992 murder case of Francisco Carrillo. On January 18, 1991, in a community just outside Los Angeles, a father came out of his house to tell his son and his five friends to go home and finish their homework.
As the father was talking, a car drove by, and a hand reached out firing a gun and killing the father. Francisco Carillo lived three blocks away. Within 24 hours of the murder, the police had identified Carillo as the suspect. The cops collected an array of photos of the boy and the six teenagers who were at the scene of the crime all testified that based on the photos, Carillo was killer. The 17 year-old boy was found guilty and given two life sentences in prison.
In his TED talk, Fraser makes the case for "reconstructed memories." Here's how he defines that concept:
"The brain abhors a vacuum. Under the best of observation conditions, the absolute best, we only detect, encode and store in our brains bits and pieces of the entire experience in front of us, and they're stored in different parts of the brain. So now, when it's important for us to be able to recall what it was that we experienced, we have an incomplete, we have a partial store, and what happens? Below awareness, with no requirement for any kind of motivated processing, the brain fills in information that was not there, not originally stored, from inference, from speculation, from sources of information that came to you, as the observer, after the observation. But it happens without awareness such that you don't, aren't even cognizant of it occurring. It's called reconstructed memories."
As part of the retrial of Francisco Carillo, Fraser and the team that hired him, staged a re-enactment of the night in question to prove that the testimonies that had put the teen in jail were unreliable. After 20 years serving time for a crime he didn't commit, Carrillo was freed.
As the investigation into Michael Brown's death proceeds, and witnesses to the killing go public, it would be good to keep in mind the concept of false memories. They may happen without awareness but their impact can be severe.
DecodeDC's foremost aim is to be useful. That means being a reliable, honest and highly entertaining source of insight and explanation. It also means providing multimedia coverage of Washington's people, culture, policies and politics that is enlightening and enjoyable. Whether it's a podcast, a video, an interactive graphic, a short story or a long analysis, it will be based on this guiding principle: We are in DC but not OF DC.


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Wide View 11-3/4 x 4" Rear View Boat Mirror; Windshiled/Frame Mount - Attwood
- For installation on windshields 1/2" to 1" thick (or thinner with customer's own spacer)
- Provides an extra-wide glass lens for safe visibility. Molded plastic frame
- Polished convex lens and adjustable base
- Includes allen wrench
- 11-3/4" wide, 4" high
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Credibility. Critical Expertise. Mastery and Commitment.
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The Manchester Derby
Van Persie gives United 3-2 win at City in EPL
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