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Audience: InstructorsA user who is developing, teaching, or facilitating a class. The information and tasks directed at this audience require access to the Control Panel for a course in Blackboard Learn.
To eliminate double entry of Grade Center data in several tools, Instructors can do offline grading, and then import grades into Grade Center. Instructors can upload grades from external sources such as an Excel spreadsheet or a Comma-separated Value file. Data must be formatted very specifically to upload correctly and be synched with existing Grade Center data.
To synch external data to Grade Center data, unique identifiers are necessary for each Student and for each column in the Grade Center. The unique identifier used for each Student is the Student's User Name. The unique identifier for each column is a Column ID number. Column ID numbers are generated by the system and should not be changed or deleted. Columns that do not have Column ID numbers in an uploaded file will create new columns in the Grade Center.
IMPORTANT! Columns that are added to the Grade Center from an external file are added as text columns with points possible equaling zero (0). Text columns cannot be included in Calculated Columns, such as Weighted, Total, Average, and Minimum/Maximum. To learn more, see Calculating Grades. Convert text columns to other columns types and add points possible by editing the column after the upload. To learn more about editing columns, see How to Edit Grade Center Columns From External Files.
Each data file uploaded to the Grade Center requires a header row with one record per line subsequently.
The format of the data file uploaded to the Grade Center is determined by the type of delimiter that is used to parse the data into separate columns. Data files are tab delimited with a file extension of .xls, or comma delimited with a file extension of .CSV.
Data in each column of comma-delimited files (file extension of .CSV) must be contained within a quote character, the most common being quotation marks ( " " ). Data in each column of tab-delimited files does not require a quote character.
Blackboard recommends using tab-delimited files for uploading onto the Grade Center to avoid having to use quote characters and because tab-delimited files open directly in Microsoft Excel. Tab-delimited files will also open directly in Microsoft Excel.
To obtain a file that is formatted correctly for uploading, download the full Grade Center first and open it in a text editor or spreadsheet application. Existing columns will have Column ID numbers that must be included in future uploads.
Batch files are .txt files that hold large quantities of information to upload to the system. Each batch utility contains specific instructions on creating the batch file. The following batch file standards are universal.
Note: Microsoft Excel versions 2003 and later automatically insert double quotes in every field if the worksheet is saved as a .csv file.
"ENG_201","English Literature"
"ENG_201","English Literature"
Review the Data Preview Column to ensure the correct data is being uploaded. Data that appears incorrect can denote an improperly formatted file. The Data Preview will only show a sample of the data in each column in the file.
Note: Any file uploaded that contains Incomplete for a grade entry will be set to null, with no grade or text displayed. Any file uploaded that contains Complete for a grade entry will be set to an Override Grade of the maximum points possible (100% for a Grade Item) in a column that has the Primary Display of Complete/Incomplete. Any file uploaded that contains a numeric entry will be a numeric entry.
Full or partial data can be downloaded from the Grade Center. Once downloaded, Grades and comments accessed through the Quick Comment feature or Manually Override page can be changed and added offline and later uploaded to the Grade Center.
|Full Grade Center
|Contains all columns and associated data. Comments will not be included and cannot be added offline.
|Selected Grading Period
|From the drop-down list, select a Grading Period. Grading Periods must be created before they are chosen. To learn more, see How to Create and Manage Grading Periods.
|Selected Column
|Using the drop-down list, select one column and its data. Select the check box to Include comments for this Column, which will download comments from the Quick Comment feature or Manually Override page. Included comment text can be edited offline.
|User information
|Columns containing student data such as User Name are included.
After the file is downloaded and opened in the appropriate editing software, changes may be made. If the Full Grade Center has been downloaded, Grades can be added or changed, and the file saved for uploading. If a single column has been downloaded, Grades and comments can be added or changed, and the file saved for uploading.
Comments will be downloaded only when a single Grade Center item and the option to include its associated comments are selected. The comments downloaded and uploaded will be for the grade (accessed in the Quick Comment feature or Manually Override page) and not the attempt (accessed in the View Attempt or grading pages).
Four comment-related columns will be included in the downloaded file. If comments have been added online, those will be included in the download. Otherwise, comments may be added offline and uploaded to the Full Grade Center to appear in the Manually Override or Quick Comments screens.
Add or edit comments in the Grading Notes or Feedback to User column.
Links within comments to rich media, such as images or sound files, should be inserted and edited online.
When editing to grades and comments is complete, save the file, return to the Full Grade Center, and click Work Offline > Upload.
|Column Name
|Grading Notes
|Grade Center column-specific comments visible only to the Instructor or TA.
|Notes Format
|Smart Text, Plain Text, or HTML.
|Feedback to User
|Grade Center column-specific comments visible to students.
|Feedback Format
|Smart Text, Plain Text, or HTML.
|Format Type
|Smart Text
|Automatically recognizes a link, the ENTER key as a paragraph tag, and accepts HTML tags.
|Plain Text
|Displays text as it is written in the text area. Plain text does not render HTML code. HTML code will appear as text.
|Displays text as coded by the user using Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) tags.
© 2011 Blackboard Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. Copyright
U.S. Patent No. 6,988,138. Additional Patents Pending.


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Exposure to extreme temperatures while in transit has been proven to damage wine. In an effort to maintain our high standards of quality, we may only offer 2-Day Air shipping for states outside of CA through the online site. Additional shipping options (overnight, delayed, ground or FedEx cold chain shipping) may also be available by contacting the winery directly at 800-877-3623 (weekdays) 707-942-2419 (weekends and holidays).
At our discretion, orders placed on Wednesday through Sunday may NOT ship until the following Monday or Tuesday. If you need expedited shipping, please call us at 800-877-3623 (weekdays only) and we will make every attempt to help out. Orders take 24 48 hours to process before shipping. We do not process orders over the weekend.
Not all shipping options are available to all states. If you would like to pick up your order at the winery, please select that option when you are on the checkout page for your order, or contact us at 800-877-3623 (weekdays) or 707-942-2419 (weekends only) to make those arrangements. We do not have overnight shipping listed as a shipping option in our online store, but we welcome you to place your order by phone, and every effort will be made to accommodate your special request. We strongly encourage you to select a business address for shipping, as the law dictates that no packages of wine can be left without an adult signature obtained by the driver.
We are currently unable to ship to the following states: DE, IN, KY, LA, MS, OK, PA, RI, UT
(Some restrictions apply in states where we can ship) Alabama, Arkansas and Arizona
*Schramsberg is not responsible for order delays caused by weather or shipping agents.
E-commerce powered by
Advanced Management Systems

subset: commoncrawl


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Definition: An edge-component is a sequence of some consecutive collinear-segments.
Consider an $n \times n$ grid-like arrangement of $2n$ lines. Is there any idea about the number of simple cycles with exactly $2n$ edge-components such that each line in the grid contains exactly one edge-component of the cycle? In other words, the cycles should traverse all the lines. A simple cycle is a cycle which passes through the nodes exactly once.
In the picture you can see a $7\times7$ grid-like arrangement and a desired 14-cycle.
Any hint or observation is helpful.


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Top Definition
That sudden weirdness that hits you after midnight when you've been on the internet too long. Like a werewolf, but wereweird.
Tried talking to John last night but I couldn't understand him
Yeah, he gets really wereweird
Yeah, he gets really wereweird
viết bởi 3Z 5w4g 05 Tháng mười một, 2013
Trending Now


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As you might know, the Zeno effect is intuitively expressed as what happens when a system is measured in intervals smaller than the half life of the state it is currently on. As a consequence, the state has a negligible probability of doing a transition and is kept 'stuck' in its current state, making the effective evolution operator the identity.
I don't know an equivalent picture for the Anti-Zeno effect. Under what conditions does it happen and why? does the above picture is merely interpretational or is fully accurate at a fundamental level?


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Helen Gurley Brown Helen Gurley Brown, longtime editor of Cosmopolitan Magazine, died on Aug. 13, 2012. She was 90. (credit: Paul Hawthorne/Getty Images)
Ron Palillo Actor Ron Palillo, best known for playing Arnold Horshack on the 70s TV show, "Welcome Back, Kotter," died on Aug. 14, 2012. He was 63. (credit: Rob Loud/Getty Images)
Tony Scott "Top Gun" Director Tony Scott died on Aug. 19, 2012 after committing suicide. He was 68. (credit: Kevin Winter/Getty Images)
Phyllis Diller Actress and comedian Phyllis Diller died on Aug. 20, 2012. According to her family, her health had declined in recent years. She was 95. (credit: Charley Gallay/Getty Images)
US astronaut Neil Armstrong US astronaut Neil Armstrong died on Aug. 25, 2012 due to complications from blocked coronary arteries. He was 82. (credit: JOSE JORDAN/AFP/Getty Images)
Tony Martin Actor and singer Tony Martin died of natural causes on July 27, 2012. He was 98. (credit: Amanda Edwards/Getty Images)
Kitty Wells American country music singer Ellen Muriel Deason, known as Kitty Wells, died from complications from a stroke on July 16, 2012. She was 92. (credit: Rusty Russell/Getty Images)
Richard D. Zanuck Film producer Richard D. Zanuck won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1989 for Driving Miss Daisy. He died of a heart attack at his Beverly Hills home on July 13, 2012 at the age of 77. (credit: Frazer Harrison/Getty Images)
Carroll Shelby Automatic designer and racing driver Carroll Shelby died on May 10, 2012. He was 89. (credit: Matthew Simmons/Getty Images)
Mike Wallace Journalist Mike Wallace, known as one of the original correspondents for CBS' 60 Minutes died on April 7, 2012. He was 93. (credit: Paul Hawthorne/Getty Images)
Earl Scruggs Bluegrass musician Earl Scruggs, known for popularizing a three-finger banjo-picking style, died on March 28, 2012 at the age of 88. (credit: Michael Buckner/Getty Images)
Hal David Songwriter Hal David poses for photographers after being honored by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce with his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on October 14, 2011 in Southern California. The Academy-Award winning lyricist, who celebrated his 90th birthday earlier this year, wrote hit songs such as "Raindrops Keep Falling on my Head," "This Guy's in Love With You," "I'll Never Fall in Love Again," and "What The World Needs Now is Love." He was Chairman Emeritus of the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He died in September at 91. (credit: Frederic J. Brown/AFP/Getty Images)
Michael Clarke Duncan (Photo credit: David Livingston/Getty Images) Actor Michael Clarke Duncan died at the age of 54. His fiancée says he died on Sept. 3, 2012 at a Los Angeles hospital after nearly 2 months of treatment following a heart attack in July.
Andy Williams Singer Andy Williams died on Sept. 26, 2012 from bladder cancer. He was 84. (credit: Larry Busacca/Getty Images for Songwriters Hall of Fame)
Alex Karras Alex Karras died Oct. 10, 2012 of kidney failure. He had been in declining health for years, suffering from heart disease, stomach cancer and dementia.
Gary Collins and Mary Ann Mobley At The Associates For Breast And Prostate Cancer Studies 13th Annual Gala Mary Ann Mobley Collins died on Dec. 9, 2014 at the age of 75 (credit: Getty Images)
Larry Hagman Larry Hagman, the villainous J.R. Ewing of "Dallas," died at the age of 81 from complications due to cancer, according to his family. The Dallas Morning News reported Hagman died Friday, Nov. 23, in Dallas. Hagman was in bad health for years but rebounded in the past two years to star in the "Dallas" reboot for TNT. Before starring in "Dallas," Hagman was well-known for his role in "I Dream Of Jeannie" with Barbara Eden (seen above). (credit: Thos Robinson/Getty Images Entertainment)
John Rich
Television director John Rich, who won an Emmy Award for the memorable "All in the Family" scene showing Sammy Davis Jr. planting a kiss on Archie Bunker, died in Los Angeles on Jan. 30, 2012 at 86.(credit: Mark Mainz/Getty Images)
Sarah Burke
Sarah Burke, a Canadian freestyle skier who was a pioneer of the superpipe event, died on Jan. 19, 2012 following a ski accident in Utah.(Photo by Christophe Pallot/Agence Zoom/Getty Images)
Don Cornelius
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Joe Paterno
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Etta James
Singer Etta James died on Jan. 20, 2012 at the age of 73 from complications with leukemia.(Photo by Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images)
Ben Gazzara
Ben Gazzara (left) and Regis Philbin attend a Charles Grodin book party in November 2007. Star of stage, screen and TV, Gazzara died in February after a long battle with cancer. He was most known for the popular 1965 TV show "Run For Your Life."(credit: Andrew H. Walker/Getty Images Entertainment)
Whitney Houston (1963-2012) The six-time Grammy winner and music icon died at the age of 48 for unknown reasons. (credit: Frank Micelotta/Getty Images)
Davy Jones Davy Jones of The Monkees died on Feb. 29. He was 66. (credit: Frank Micelotta/Getty Images)
Andrew Breitbart Andrew Breitbart, conservative commentator and media publisher, died on Mar. 1 at the age of 43 from natural causes. (credit: Andrew Burton/Getty Images)
Dick Clark
LOS ANGELES, CA - APRIL 4: Dick Clark at "Motown 45" Anniversary Celebration Show held at the Shrine Auditorium, April 4, 2004 in Los Angeles, California.Dick Clark died on April 18, 2012 after suffering from a massive heart attack. (credit: Frazer Harrison/Getty Images)
Levon Helm Drummer and singer for "The Band," Levon Helm, died on April 19, 2012 from throat cancer. (credit: Rob Loud/Getty Images)
Junior Seau Former San Diego Charger and USC Trojan died May 2, 2012 from a self-inflicted gunshot wound. (credit: Otto Greule Jr/Getty Images)
Adam Yauch Adam Yauch of the Beastie Boys died on May 4, 2012 from cancer. He was 48 years old. (credit: Jason Merritt/Getty Images)
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George Lindsey Actor George Lindsey of "The Andy Griffith Show" died on May 6, 2012 at the age of 83. (credit: Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images)
Vidal Sassoon Legendary hairstylist Vidal Sassoon died on May 9, 2012 from natural causes at his Bel Air home. He was 84. (Photo Frederick M. Brown / Getty Images)
Donna Summer Singer Donna Summer died on May 17, 2012 from cancer. The "Queen of Disco" was 63. (credit: Ethan Miller/Getty Images)
Robin Gibb
LONDON - MAY 22: Robin Gibb arrives at the 53rd Ivor Novello Awards At the Dorchester Hotel on May 22, 2008 in London, England.Singer Robin Gibb of the Bee Gees died on May 20, 2012 from cancer. He was 62. (credit: Chris Jackson/Getty Images)
Doc Watson Folk music legend Doc Watson died on May 30,2012 after a fall at his home. He was 89. (credit: Rick Diamond/Getty Images)
Kathryn Joosten Actress Kathryn Joosten, who won 2 Emmys playing the nosy Mrs. McCluskey on "Desperate Housewives," died in June at 72. She was also known for playing Mrs. Landingham, the president's wise secretary on "The West Wing." She was a tireless advocate against lung cancer. (credit: Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images Entertainment)
Richard Dawson, host of Family Feud Former actor and game show host Richard Dawson died June 3 of complications after a long battle with cancer. He was 79 years old. He was best known for his role in the TV show "Hogan's Heroes" and for hosting the game show "Family Feud". He was also a longtime panelist on "Match Game". (credit: CBS)
Ray Bradbury Book Signing Ray Bradbury, author of "Fahrenheit 451" died on June 6 after suffering from a prolonged illness. He was 91. (credit: Jon Kopaloff/Getty Images)
Fashion Designer Nolan Miller
LOS ANGELES - MAY 16: Costume designer Nolan Miller attends the AMPAS Centennial Celebration agesfor Barbara Stanwyck on May 16, 2007 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Alberto E. Rodriguez/ Getty Images) *** Local Caption *** Nolan MillerEmmy-winning fashion designer, who popularized shoulder pads on the prime time soap "Dynasty" died in June. He had suffered with lung cancer for six years. Miller was best known for working on just about every Aaron Spelling show and for a signature jewelry and accessories line on QVC. (credit: Alberto E. Rodriguez/ Getty Images)
Actress Ann Rutherford Actress Ann Rutherford, who had a small role as Scarlett's younger sister, Carreen, in the 1939 film "Gone With the Wind," died on June 11 from declining health and heart problems. She was 94. (credit: GABRIEL BOUYS/AFP/Getty Images)
Rodney King
Rodney King, the man at the center of an infamous police beating that ignited the 1992 Los Angeles riots, died on June 17, 2012. He was found dead at the bottom of a pool at his home in Rialto. King was 47.(credit: Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)
neiman1 Legendary painter LeRoy Neiman died in June at 91. Neiman was known for more than five decades for painting athletes and musicians. His work was often featured in Playboy and TV Guide. He was given a lifetime achievement award by USC. Neiman's works were often of Olympic athletes and their achievements. His original works often went for upwards of $500,000. (Credit: Chris Trotman/Getty Images for USOC)
Nora Ephron Author and filmmaker Nora Ephron died on June 26, 2012 in Manhattan from leukemia. She was 71. (credit: Cindy Ord/Getty Images)
Don Grady "My Three Sons" star, Don Grady (right), died on June 27, reportedly from cancer. He was 68. (credit: Robert Mora/Getty Images)
Andy Griffith Actor Andy Griffith, star of "The Andy Griffith Show," died on July 3, 2012 at his home in North Carolina. He was 86. (credit: Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images)
Ernest Borgnine Academy Award-winning Actor Ernest Borgnine died on July 8, 2012 from renal failure. He was 95. (credit: Alberto E. Rodriguez/Getty Images)
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"I Love Lucy" Director Bill Asher Dies At 90 "I Love Lucy" Director Bill Asher died on July 16, 2012 of complications from Alzheimer's disease. He was 90. (credit: CBS)
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Sherman Hemsley "All In The Family" and "The Jeffersons" actor Sherman Hemsley died on July 24, 2012. He was 74. (credit: Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images)
Chad Everett Actor Chad Everett died on July 24, 2012 from lung cancer. He was 75. (credit: Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images)
Lupe Ontiveros Mexican-American Actress Lupe Ontiveros died July 26, 2012. She was best known for her roll as Yolanda Saldivar in "Selena." Ontiveros was 69. (credit: Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images)
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Categories: Entertainment Photo Galleries Photos


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With the start of 2013, the air hangs with a grey weightiness and the temptation to be despondent about America and her trajectory is nearly irresistible.
Thankfully, it appears we are not careening off the feared "fiscal cliff." However, we were rescued from this catastrophe only after an ample deadline was missed and with half the equation — sweeping spending cuts — put off for another vote in two months. Furthermore, within the first quarter of 2013, other cliff-like votes loom.
On Dec. 31, the Treasury Secretary announced we have reached our debt ceiling. Our last attempt to deal with this issue triggered a historic downgrade of the country's credit rating. At the end of March, our "continuing resolution" on the budget (something less than a full, fiscal year budget that should have been agreed to by Oct. 1) expires. Unless another is passed, temporary shutdown of a number of government functions and programs automatically kicks in.
Behind all of this stands a projection of deficits almost beyond comprehension.
With what seems the ossifying of personal rancor and philosophical differences in our public decision-making processes, we begin to doubt seriously our ability to even start to bridge, let alone actually bridge, the now epic gap between what we collectively give ourselves and what we collectively pay for.
We debate, denigrate and dither, even as we look aghast at several European nations — including once mighty Greece, the first democracy and fabled cradle of Western Civilization — on the literal brink of collapse because of their own sustained, now even militant, resistance to bring expenditures and revenues into some rational proximity.
Throw in the everyday fare of crime and violence in this nation, add a flurry of recent man-made and natural disasters, from Sandy Hook Elementary to Hurricane Sandy, and the rock of our republic seems, well, not so rock-like.
A common thread to most of these woes is a deeply troubling hostility between parties and people.
In some ways, this civic enmity suggests a threat more alarming than any posed by, say, fiscal profligacy itself.
As his "last communication" at the end of the Revolutionary War, George Washington issued a "Circular to the States," where he signaled his virtually unprecedented act of relinquishing supreme military command in the face of a war victory that gave him immense international stature and unrivaled domestic power.
In this extraordinary document, he also thoughtfully described for the fledgling country what he considered the key pillars of continuing independence and tranquility. The wise management of public credit is one such pillar. But, his final and most moving sentiments were reserved for his conviction that without "a brotherly affection and love for one another … we can never hope to be a happy nation."
Latter-day Saints should recognize in this an echo of expressions at the end of the Book of Mormon where there is a description of not one, but two massive civilizations entirely destroyed by inhuman hatred and rapacious self-indulgence. "Angry," "without order," "without mercy," "without principle," Mormon describes the faults of his own people (not even his enemies) as fundamentally a function of the fact that "they have lost their love, one towards another." They were, in a phrase, "past feeling."
The wonderful news is that, today, America is — as Mark Twain once said of Wagner's music — better than it sounds. The screaming headlines and endless cable news pronouncements notwithstanding, deep in the fabric of this country there still exists a rich spirit of liberty and love central to the preservation of the democratic order handed down to us by Washington and his compatriots. Evidence for this abounds in many places — too many, in fact, to list here. So, I simply turn to one rather unlikely source: Hollywood.
- Jay's Jokes: Trump's true identity is Batman
- In our opinion: Fred Adams' Shakespeare...
- About Utah: How this Utahn turned a chance...
- My view: Reform coal leasing policies and...
- In our opinion: Despite alarming shift...
- My view: Drafting women a threat to religious...
- Richard Davis: What will Americans sacrifice...
- Derek B. Miller: It's my party and I'll decry...
- In our opinion: Planned Parenthood... 48
- Richard Davis: What will Americans... 47
- In our opinion: Despite alarming shift... 34
- Letter: Acting presidential 31
- Letter: Cruz took a stand 30
- My view: Reform coal leasing policies... 22
- In our opinion: Politics and ISIS 22
- My view: Drafting women a threat to... 20


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This video image taken from Egyptian State Television showing 83-year-old former Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak laying on a hospital bed flanked by his two sons Gamal and Alaa, inside a cage of mesh and iron bars in a Cairo courtroom Wednesday Aug. 3, 2011, as his historic trial began on charges of corruption and ordering the killing of protesters during the uprising that ousted him from office. The scene, shown live on Egypt's state TV, was Egyptians' first look at their former president since Feb. 10, the day before his fall when he gave a defiant speech refusing to resign. (AP Photo/Egyptian State TV) EGYPT OUT
CAIRO, Egypt (CNN) Former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, who is serving a life sentence for his role in the killings of peaceful protesters during the revolution that eventually deposed him, will get a new trial.
Mubarak and his former Interior Minister Habib al-Adly had appealed their life sentences. A judge agreed, the state-run al-Ahram newspaper reported Sunday.
Mubarak's lawyer said Mubarak will remain in jail as he awaits his next court date, which will likely be in April.
The judge also said that others facing charges should also be retried, including six interior ministry deputies, the state-run MENA news agency said.
Essam El-Erian, a senior adviser to Egyptian President Mohamed Morsy, said that they looked forward to a second trial, the Freedom and Justice Party stated on its website.
"God willed the retrial would take place under Morsy's rule, with new evidence and new defendants," El-Erian said.
Mubarak. who ruled Egypt for 30 years, was found guilty last June of ordering the killing of protesters and was immediately transferred to Tora prison in southern Cairo to serve his life sentence.
The 84-year-old has suffered a range of physical problems since he was driven from office in February 2011, following weeks of protests by Egyptians demanding more freedom and reforms.
He attended his trial later that year on a gurney.
Last month, Mubarak was transferred to a military hospital after suffering a head injury and a bruised chest when he slipped in a prison hospital bathroom, Egyptian state-run media reported.


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dude i need to pinch a loaf can i use ur toilet?
מאת vix and da suz 11 באוגוסט, 2005
To cut off the hanging of fecal matter from the anus.
Hey dog I'll be ready in a few, I gotta pinch a loaf first.
מאת Danielwebster 22 בפברואר, 2015
Used to describe taking a shit. Used more so to describe taking a dump where a BIG piece of shit is "pinched". The BIG piece of shit is the "loaf" as in a loaf of bread in terms of size. To pinch a loaf is to shit out a turd that is the size of a loaf of bread. Pinching a loaf usually involves extreme stretching of the anus and pain is involved in pinching the loaf.
"I feel a huge turd coming on so I have to go pinch a loaf."
מאת KittyCatMan 6 באוקטובר, 2009
The act of dispursing poo out of the anus. Slang terms include: pinch a mean one, dropping the kids off at the pool, taking the browns to the super bowl, taking a dump, lose some poundage, drop a load, etc.
Hey man, I really gotta Pinch-A-Loaf, can I use your bathroom?
מאת Monnor Cunn 19 ביולי, 2010
to take a massive warm shit simulating a fresh loaf of bread out of the oven....
man, i needed to pinch a loaf so bad and when i was finished the smell and look reminded me of my mothers cooking back in germany.
מאת poop<3er69 1 בנובמבר, 2010
1)To shit.
2)To irritate or surprise.
2)To irritate or surprise.
1) I gotta go pinch a loaf.
2)That just pinches my loaf!
2)That just pinches my loaf!
מאת maclaird 19 בינואר, 2009
When you take a dump that is big enough to pass as loaf of french bread from safeway!
"Dude i gotta Pinch a loaf"
מאת Spanky Lou 17 ביוני, 2003


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male camel toe....when your balls split at the center of your pants, there by showing a vagina like shape hense a camel toe but on a male
google images of mct and ull see
by ryan weisht December 08, 2007
Trending Now
Top Definition
mexicans causing trouble
once upon a time there was a gang called mct but then they disbanded once they found out what their initials stood for
by cac du ma an cut August 19, 2011
Masturbatory Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
man that porno was badass! it gave me MCTS
by Bongmonster September 08, 2009
An acronym used on AIM meaning "Minor Chuckle To Self"
Used in place of lol, becasue we all know that we aren't laughing out loud.
Used in place of lol, becasue we all know that we aren't laughing out loud.
Person A: dude, BJ-Snatch is such an idiot, he has no idea whats going on at all!
Person B: mcts, thats right.
Person B: mcts, thats right.
by A Pitch To Johnny July 23, 2005
Magic Carpet Time. When you and a your friend(s) just layout on a carpet and share your feelings and talk about life. It brings you all closer together.
I had the best MCT with my roommate. I really feel closer to her.
by overdoseondope December 11, 2013
Mega Cock Tease- a girl that leads you on everyday, but will never give it up
I spent the entire weekend watching chick flicks with an MCT who wouldn't even touch me.
by Special Agent Bob March 01, 2011
MCT or Male Camel Toe syndrom is commonly reffered to as the sag, or the toe. It is caused by a seperation of the ballengidus or ball area. This syndrom is commonly found in most douchebags.
OMG, did you see that guy, he had the worst case of MCT that I have ever seen!
by Sky_Fire February 05, 2010
Man Billy needs to stop wearing those tight jeans he's got a bad case of MCT!
by Captain Spanky July 10, 2009


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So far truck winches and winch straps are only being used with flatbeds, I don't know the exact percentage but a big portion of flatbeds sold with winches installed, this is a big plus for most drivers since they only need to get winch straps and winch bars(assume they don't have them) to get started, and the plastic corner protectors maybe required or optional depends on what kind of loads on the truck. A few different kinds of truck winches are available, most seen ones are slide in winches and weld on winches, to use slide in winches the flatbeds have to have rails installed at one side of the truck bed, 2" and 4" are most popular sizes of truck winches, and of course we can say that 2" & 4" winch straps are the most popular ones, 3" winch straps are not that popular but you still can see them from time to time.
The way the truck winch and strap system works is pretty simple, the mandrel, the part into which you can insert the tie down strap, can be used to tighten the winch straps easily, thus tie the loads down pretty much by just put winch bar into the winch side hole then turn as many rounds as needed until the loads are secured properly. The winch structure is pretty simple, there is a barrel goes through the winch body, one side has a though hole and the other side has a gear with a brake, in between lies the mandrel, just put the straps into it, close the brake on the gear will allow you the tighten the straps over the load, since the gear is only allowed to go one direction, when you untie the strap, open the brake, turn the barrel the opposite direction to pull the strap off the load. You are required to use a winch bar with the truck winch, you can use something like a wood stick or wood beam with, it's not safe and not legal as well.
There usually are 2 kind of standard winch bars, chromated one and black one, and two different combination winch bars, chromated and painted half yellow, you can find them online or locally. Sometimes people get confused with all the different winch bars, they are only used with truck winches after all, why all the different styles? It all comes down to personal preferences and specific needs, for instance, with combination winch bar you can use something else with it, say using a standard winch bar with a combination winch bar under some special circumstances.


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Today I wont to order my Nodal Ninja system. I'm totally new in panoramic photography but I wont to start with a proper equipment from the beginning. If any one could answer to my questions I will be great full.
My camera is Nikon D700, lens Nikkor 24-70. So far I decided to go with NN4 with RD16 and EZ Leveler II but I'm considering also instead RD16 and EZ Leveler II buying RD3L 6.8.30 EZ Leveler II. I don't know which way to go. Is there a big difference between RD3L 6.8.30 and RD16?
I also would like to know which plate to choose for Nikon D700 and in general do I pick up right components for making spherical panoramas?
Thnx a lot.


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Every time I settle down to continue my programming practice I always get hung up on intrusive thoughts like:
- Am I being effective enough?
- Am I going fast enough?
- Am I learning the most relevant and important things?
- What are the methods that I can use constantly to ensure that these conditions are met?
Every time these questions or things similar to them pop up in my mind and I get into analysis paralysis, I waste time and I don't get much done for the day which makes me feel worse(guilt).. What can I do to constantly remain in flow and stop worrying about speed and effectiveness or relevance of practice?


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This question already has an answer here:
- Kohanic Hand Gestures? 3 answers
I recently saw some drawings of the Kohen's hands during duchaning, not the way I do it. I put my two first fingers together without leaving a window. I would like to know if there is any valid way that includes putting those two fingers together. Thank you.


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Twinkle Lights
by Vicki Batman
MuseItUp Publishing
eBook ISBN: 978-1-77127-212-4
A do-gooder joins forces with a reformed delinquent turned lawyer to run a Christmas tree stand benefiting the children's hospital, but when the money goes missing, fingers are pointed.
Note: This title has no chapter breaks. Please enjoy the first scene.
Buy Now:
MuseItUp Publishing ‖ ARe ‖ Kindle
Scene One


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Words like "anywhere" and "everybody" usually have a predefined or implicit context during conversations:
Everybody is going out to lunch. Would you like to come too? We are willing to go anywhere - we're starving.
In this statement, clearly the speaker doesn't mean all people from all places and times. When the speaker says he is willing to go anywhere, this isn't to be understood as a willingness to travel to Fiji for lunch, but instead is meant to be understood within an immediate context of the surrounding area, past experience with the hearer, or something else.
My touch-screen in my vehicle has a similar message when it's turned off:
Touch anywhere to activate.
Clearly it doesn't mean anywhere in the all-inclusive sense - touching my shoe won't turn the display on. There's an unspoken bit of information the reader is expected to understand. They would understand 'touch anywhere on this touch screen to activate this touch screen.'
What are these types of words called, if they even have a name?


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New Dreams, When the Old Ones Don't Fit
On Valentine's Day this year, my 41-year-old cousin Ryan was making a batch of ice cream for his girlfriend at their home in Raleigh. Suddenly, a stroke felled him, the indirect result of a congenital heart condition many of us had stopped thinking about long ago. He died two days later.
I struggled to think of what to write to his parents, my aunt and uncle. Unfathomably, this was the second son they had lost. Shortly after receiving the news, I threw a few inadequate words together and sent them through Facebook.
Within an hour came this instant message from my aunt: "Whatever it is you want to do, if you can do it, do it now."
It takes a special person to offer a lesson to others in the midst of a giant personal loss. As the initial shock of losing Ryan mellowed over the next few days, her words resonated in my mind. If ever there was a time to listen to a family member's advice, this was it.
But I was disturbed that even in the face of a dramatic message to live for the moment, I couldn't escape my cautious, penny-pinching, let's-not-splurge mentality even to conjure up a response to my aunt's exhortation. I sat down with a fellow penny-pincher, my husband, Alejandro, to talk it out.
Two lifetimes spent saving mean Alejandro and I have some money to spend on a dream. What, I asked, do we really want to do?
At first, the answer seemed obvious: Alejandro wanted to visit Israel, where he spent his teenage years, and I wanted to go back to Spain, where I lived and worked intermittently in my teens and 20s. But after some initial planning, we realized that these trips were purely nostalgic, that many of the people and places we longed for weren't there anymore, and that we would spend a fortune on these vacations, only for the kids to be too young to appreciate them.
Then I came up with the idea of going back to flamenco classes. In my 20s, I was an avid flamenco dancer and the producer of a flamenco dance company. But after looking into classes, I realized they would keep me out of the house during dinner time several days a week. Flamenco dancing is important to me, but making dinner for my kids is much more so. I shelved the idea.
Alejandro has talked for years about buying a really nice car, though every time he's had to replace his car, he's gone for a sensible, midrange model, usually from an auction. "Do it! Once in your life!" I commanded. Though I myself could never splurge on a fancy status symbol, I took satisfaction in the idea that Alejandro would derive happiness from the kind of car he always wanted. Nonetheless, when he came back from the dealership recently, he was driving a model very similar to what he had before.
"I can't do it," he admitted. "I've got to keep a low profile."
Each time we came up with something we'd always wanted to do, we talked ourselves out of it. At first, I blamed our inherent tight-fistedness. Then I realized it wasn't just an aversion to spending that was holding us back: We also lacked real enthusiasm for the things we'd spent so many years wanting. Our old dreams, it seemed, didn't fit us anymore.
It left us both with a strange, empty feeling.
"Any one of us could see our last day tomorrow," I said to Alejandro. "Are we so conservative and boring that we can't even think of one adventure we want to go on?"
"Maybe so," Alejandro said. "But all I dream about now are things for the family."
When I was a young feminist, I would have been appalled by the notion of erasing my own passions and subsuming them into a husband and kids. But I knew just how Alejandro felt. From the day our eldest was born, I lost the ambitious spirit that once propelled me on artistic exploits around the globe. My world became our home, our future and every hair on our child's head.
"Well, what are those dreams for the kids?" I said. We came up with a list. Alejandro wanted to take Danny, our 4-year-old, to Uruguay in the spring, to improve his Spanish. I wanted to take a week off to be a stay-at-home mom with the boys this summer. We both wanted to spend this Thanksgiving in New York City, seeing friends and relatives and showing the boys their birthplace. We also talked about spending more time at the beach at home in Los Angeles and riding bikes more often with the kids.
Before my aunt's note, our penny-pinching, nose-to-the-grindstone habits might have meant we let those items linger on a wish list. But this time, we cashed in frequent-flier miles for Uruguay, filed vacation time for a week off and bought tickets to New York for Thanksgiving. I can easily say that week in August, taking the boys swimming at the YMCA and spending lazy afternoons in a frozen-yogurt parlor near our house, was one of the best vacations of my life. When we bought those tickets to New York, I felt glad for our years not indulging more exotic desires, because that's why we had the money to do what we'd discovered was really important to us.
Living your dreams, we've realized, is a state of mind. It's about knowing that where you are at any given moment is exactly where you want to be. Today, when we pedal around the neighborhood with the kids following like little goslings, or watch them spend hours digging hermit crabs out of the sand, I remind myself that all this is the greatest adventure of my life.
And I often think of my cousin Ryan, who inspired this lesson, and send him a little prayer of thanks.
—Katy McLaughlin is a special writer for The Wall Street Journal. Write to her at email@example.com. You can also join the conversation at WSJ.com/Juggle.


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Lots of figure skating 1/10/04
Posted 09 January 2004 - 08:15 PM
Tomorrow on CBS at 1:00 p.m. (CST), there's "Nutcracker on Ice," which I know is not exactly timely, but quite frankly, the holidays came too fast and left too early this year for me, and I don't mind a little holiday postscript when I can finally relax and enjoy. This program features Oksana Baiul and Victor Petrenko. I don't know if this is the same "Nutcracker" on ice that also features Carla Urbanski as Clara. I remember being so surprised by that. For those who may not remember her, she was the 30-something cocktail waitress pairs partner of Rocky Marvel (the truck driver), who were U.S. champs. Believe it or not, she actually looked young enough on ice to play Clara.
At 3:00 p.m. on ABC, there is a portion of the U.S. championships. It's the men's free skate.
And a head's up for the tour of Scott Hamilton's group. This year, they are joined by Oksana Baiul who is reviving her Olympic "Swan Lake" routine. Also, by Paul Wylie -- -- who, according to choreographer, Christopher Dean, has been bitten by the performance bug again, which I am so grateful for. I saw him skate in an exhibition recently, and he is looking wonderful.
And that's the news from Lake Wobegon.
Posted 09 January 2004 - 08:24 PM
FF, I believe that Oksana is currently dancing a Swan program to the Tchaikovsky music. Wasn't the earlier one to Saint-Saens' Dying Swan? I have seen her on a couple of tv broadcasts, and she looks like she's well on the road back. Her endearing passion is all there.
Posted 10 January 2004 - 02:43 AM
Posted 10 January 2004 - 01:45 PM
Posted 10 January 2004 - 08:17 PM
What a thrill! Congrats, Michelle!
Posted 10 January 2004 - 08:18 PM
Posted 10 January 2004 - 08:48 PM
Sasha Cohen is likely the most gifted female skater ever, but Michelle Kwan connects with the audience in a magical way. She is a pure joy to watch.
Posted 10 January 2004 - 09:02 PM
Posted 10 January 2004 - 10:03 PM
Two surprise gold medals in the women's and pairs events...both teams from Quebec (if it weren't so late I'd probably remember the names too)!
Too bad I missed the US Championships though!!
Posted 11 January 2004 - 12:17 AM
And kudos for Jenny Kirk too. That girl is maturing and no doubt will also have a wonderful professional career if she so chooses.
I too loved Johnny Weir's program, and am glad he won instead of Weiss. It's not that I have anything against Weiss. It's just that there was so much more offered from a number of other male contestants. Jahnke was amazing. What a dancer. And I'd watch Bradley even with all of the rough edges and flaws over Weiss, or over Goebel as well. What performance quality!
Posted 11 January 2004 - 07:38 AM
[QUOTE]Two surprise gold medals in the women's and pairs events...both teams from Quebec (if it weren't so late I'd probably remember the names too)!
Marcoux and Buntin(he's from B.C. she's from Quebec) won the pairs. They had a great skate and deserved to win. Langlois and Archetto(5th in World) fell apart for the second year in a row and placed 2nd. I was disappointed with Putnum and Wirtz(3rd)...I think their nerves got to them. The chemistry just wasn't there last night.
15 yr. old Cynthia Phanouf (Quebec)won the Ladies title over 6 time champion Jennifer Robinson who came third behind Joannie Rochette. Phaneuf will be going to Junior Worlds rather than senior which opens a spot for Robinson.
It was nice to see the depth of talent in the men's division. I was very impressed by Shawn Sawyer and Nicholas Young. It's unfortunate that Buttle fell apart but I'm very happy for Ben Ferreira(he is skating in our club show in April!)
The free dance is on this afternoon.
p.s. is there anyone on here that has a boy in figure skating? Could you pm me. I have a couple of questions.
Posted 11 January 2004 - 08:18 AM
As for Jennifer Robinson, IMO, it is time for her to retire. She has not progressed at all in the past few years - I do not find her an inspiring skater.
I still think that Kwan is over-rated, transcendent or not, and am waiting for Cohen and Jenny Kirk to mature. When that happens, these two gifted skaters will "connnect" with the audience too - I think Cohen did cast a spell until she fell, but until that point, she was the "swan".
#13 Guest_dancindaughters_*
Posted 11 January 2004 - 10:32 AM
Cohen's short program was very nice, but she does not convey passion for skating. She gets by on technique and those constant statements that she looks like a porcelain doll (I find that irritating). Basically, I don't think she seems like a very nice person and maturity won't change that. Kwan is adorable and has proven that she still has it. I knew the commentators were going to be sorry they thought Cohen would win it; shame on them! Jenny Kirk is a beautiful skater. She seemed disappointed by her scores, running away from the kiss and cry. I guess it is natural for her to have hoped that this would be her year, but she is still young, with many good years ahead. She should learn from Kwan that it is important to have a good attitude and get the audience (and judges) on your side. But the judges didn't "hold (Kwan) up" this time, she deserved the win.
Cynthia Phanouf was wonderful to watch. She has so much maturity for a 15 year old. I look forward to seeing more of her in the future. I have always liked Robinson, but maybe it is time to retire.
My eyeballs are now square, but it's been a great weekend.
Posted 11 January 2004 - 03:55 PM
I adore Sasha Cohen's skating but I'm still waiting for her to put together a performance where she doesn't look as though she's swallowing bitter medicine. I don't know if it'll come with age; it often doesn't. But I still sit with my mouth agape whenever she skates - unbelievable technique. I can't ever remember seeing anyone with that kind of perfection in individual elements. I long for her to put together a string of clean performances and to include all the little flourishes in between; something that Kwan has an uncanny awareness of. There's very little "dead" time in a Michelle Kwan skate.
Posted 11 January 2004 - 04:09 PM
I feel compelled to write a little in Cohen's defense since I just saw her skate live for the first time as part of the exhibition following the U.S. championships. Her positions are even more exquisite in real space/time than on television. The sheer flow of skating is, as everyone comments, much more evident for all skaters when one sees them live, and seeing a skater with such precise positions as Cohen live really adds to the impact of the skate. All the picturesque poses really move across the ice. In short, she seems still more graceful and certainly "softer" than on television (and I like her on television). I realize, too, that she was doubtless much less tense skating in exhibition -- but I've compared the live skate with the ABC telecast and live does seem to me to make some difference.
I'll add one word more in Cohen's defense. I simply don't believe that it's possible to skate the way Sasha Cohen skates if one doesn't have "passion." It's simply too hard to achieve that skill level. I understand that the passion may not communicate itself all the time to an audience, but especially in those extraodinarily stretched spins in arabesque (I don't know the skating term, some kind of camel perhaps?) with her back slightly arched, she seems to be taking the position to the very limits of what it can be, and the image is, in my eyes, one that does convey passion. With more experience, more confidence (I mean genuine confidence not bravado) and, yes, maturity, she may well be able to bring still more of that quality to her performances.
Whether Cohen will ever be able to win the big, prestige competitions -- I have no idea, but I hope so...For the rest, I love Johnny Weir, a skater entirely new to me, though from what I'm reading, the way he skated this week was new even to people who have seen him before. I liked the fourth place finisher, Ryan Jahnke (?) a lot as well; at the exhibition he seemed to me to have tremendous presence and power, though I can't say the audience roared and ABC decided not to include the skate at all...I also thought Michelle Kwan was fabulous in her competitive skates (which I only saw on television), though I would be happy never to see another woman skater skate to Tosca ever again. I think it's dreadful music for skating and I would say that I would be happy never to see any skater skate to it, but I sort of thought Yagudin pulled it off. Perhaps the sheer power of a great male skater can somehow match the melodrama of the highlights style music "cuts" that skating programs use from the opera.
I also thought Kwan's exhibition skate, though not one of my favorites, showed her ability to respond to a very different kind of music and was, of course, thrilling to see live. I am far from thinking Kwan overated...even in her short program with its small mistake on the double axel she seemed to me to have a more compelling presence on the ice than Cohen or anyone else at this competition. Her interview persona is, too, the most poised and pleasant of any professional athlete I have ever seen and has been so, in the past, after disappointments as well as smashing successes. But all my admiration for Kwan cannot keep me from appreciating Sasha Cohen's lovely qualities as a Skater...and hoping for her future success as well.
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July 18, 2011
Winter in Cape Town: Cool for bargain hunters
Photo courtesy metawilm
Nothing beats the winter chill like retail therapy and a roaring fire.
Reflect on the highlights of Cape Town Fashion Week, plan your summer wardrobe and earmark those winter bargains to pick up at upcoming winter sales. Relax at our city's top spas, enjoy delicious food and wine or embark on an outdoor adventure for less.
This winter season, there are plenty of bargains for you to enjoy in Cape Town. Here are a few of our favourites:
For shoppers…
From Banana Republic at Stuttafords to proudly South African Stoned Cherrie at Woolworths or affordable fashion finds at Mr Price, you'll be spoiled for choice during the annual winter sales taking place at our favourite shopping malls.
Annual Winter Sale at Constantia Village
From July 26 to 31, Constantia Village will once again host its exciting annual sale. Shop to your heart's content at stores like Revenge, Earth Addict, Topaz, Truworths, Exclusive Books and more.
Call +27 (0)21 794 5065 for info.
The Big Fashion Sale at Canal Walk
Lunch, let the kids enjoy a movie, and browse at shopping mecca Canal Walk's Big Fashion Sale from
July 26 to August 1.
Call +27 (0)21 529 9699 for info.
Sidewalk Sale at Cavendish Square
Be a fashion icon with half-priced items at the highly anticipated Sidewalk Sale at Cavendish Square in Claremont.
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Winter Sale at V&A Waterfront
If you've been longing for a high fashion item to reward yourself for "recessioning" over the past year, then don't miss the V&A Waterfront's Winter Sale from July 15 to August 7.
Call +27 (0)21 408 7600 for info.
The Bargain Hunters Tour
Scour Cape Town's factory shops for the best prices around with Western Cape Tours. Tour prices start from as little as R400 per person, excluding meals.
To book your tour, call +27 (0)21 558 8391
For spa lovers…
Treat yourself to luxurious yet cost-saving overnight stays and spa treatments at the best hotels and spas in town and surrounds.
Saffron House
Saffron House offers luxury boutique accommodation – elegant yet comfortable. Indulge in a winter special at its in-house spa that offers 10 different massage treatments, a variety of body wraps, results-driven facial treatments etc.
Enjoy a full body massage and pedicure for just R180 per person.
Bookings are essential, call +27 (0)21 551 6471.
Couples package at O on Kloof Boutique Hotel & Spa
Indulge in quality time and excellent pampering with your partner at the impressive O on Kloof Boutique & Spa in Bantry Bay.
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From luxury for less in Constantia to an all-day happy hour just off Kloof Street, the Mother City is serving up some amazing restaurant specials this winter:
Great cocktails and platters at The Cellars-Hohenort Hotel
Enjoy cocktails and delicious platters at The Cellars-Hohenort and take a stroll through the award-winning gardens of this five-star hotel. Expect a trendy hotel bar called The Martini that is all but stuffy!
Every Friday night you can indulge in two cocktails for the price of one, perfectly paired with a Sundown Platter for two at just R75 or a vegetarian platter for only R30.
For more details, call + 27 (0)21 794 5535
Rick's Café Americain winter specials
Having a blue Monday and wishing for an all-day happy hour? Or wanting to enjoy a platter of tapas with good wine and good friends? That's just what you can find at Rick's Café Americain.
Happy hour every day from 11h00 to 19h00.
Enjoy any cocktail on the menu for R27, an SAB beer for R15 or a litre pitcher of mojito.
Autumn Sunset Special from 17h00 to 19h00
Tapas or a meze platter (serves two) and half a litre of house wine for only R105.
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For kids…
City Sightseeing Cape Town
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A sandboarding lesson with SunScene Adventures
SunScene Adventures has created the ABC Sandboarding Lesson, which is really easy to follow, to ensure the introduction to this extreme sport is fun and safe. It is suitable for both adults and children and is currently on offer at a special rate of only R275 per person. An experienced instructor will be with you at all times to guide you through the session and have you flying down the dunes in no time.
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For adventure junkies…
Cape Sidecar Adventures
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At only R275 per person, you can enjoy whizzing through the winelands, admire the beauty of the Peninsula and more, all from the comfort of a classic World War II sidecar.
More information call +27 (0)21 434 9855
Learn 2 Surf School
If you've been fantasising about being the next Kelly Slater, but just never had the know-how, now is your opportunity to learn how to be a pro surfer. This July, for just R1 200 for a six-day course at the Learn 2 Surf School in Muizenberg, you'll receive expert tips and lessons.
Call +27 (0)83 414 0567 for more information.
For culture cultures…
The Mother City's entertainment value continues to rise as the temperature drops.
Woza Cape Town Experience at Theatre in the District
Good food and cultural entertainment go hand-in-hand with the Woza Cape Town Experience at the Theatre in the District, available on request during winter.
For just R170 you can feast on heart-warming traditional Cape Malay dishes (including vetkoek, bobotie, samoosas and more) while experiencing our city's fascinating history through an energetic show, filled with dance, poetry, music, and performed by a cast of talented artists.
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Bike and Saddle – Cape Town at night cycle tour
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Call +27 (0)21 813 6433 for more info.
Click here to read more about more great bargains in the Mother City.


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As far as I understand, Austrian Economics adheres to subjective valuation of goods. But a couple individuals in the chat last night mentioned that the rarity of gold determines (or at least aids in) its value. I disagreed.
For example, moon rocks ought to be one of the most valuable substances on earth. Please note: I am not speaking about why certain currencies are chosen vs. others--I am simply discussing the value of goods regardless of currency status. I am not wanting to discuss why gold is chosen vs. moon rocks; I am wanting to know how value of goods is determined accoridng to AE because I was under the assumption that it was completely subjective: for instance, water could, indeed, be the most valuable substance in existence to someone dying of thirst in the desert. The amount of people who value a certain good is unimportant concerning the principle of value.
So since, according to this site, there are 841.6 pounds of moon rocks on earth at this time (brought back by space exporers). Yet according to this site, I estimate that there are about 625 million pounds of gold on the planet.
So my question is this: are moon rocks more valuable than gold because they are rarer? Or is value completely subjective and rarity does not determine value?
If lots of people value a thing they bid up its price.
Value is definitely subjective, but when it comes to money there are several traits that make some forms of money more attractive to people than other forms. Since nobody owns moon rocks and nobody really likes moon rocks they're not worth much. People have consistently chosen gold as money for thousands of years because they love the way it looks (so it has value that is not merely speculative) and it has the following important traits: portability, divisibility, scarcity, durability, and uniformity.
See here.
Clayton -
Rarity could certainly affect your subjective valuation of a good.
Well, marginal utility is an explanation that incorporates both factors of utility and scarcity. So to answer your question, it is both.
Clayton, thank you for the link, but I was aware of this paradox already, and it doesn't answer my question.
Concerning value, is it determined by subjectivity or rarity?
tabularasa: Please read the whole article which does answer your question, see here. Diamonds are not unconditionally more valuable than water. They're more valuable in the ordinary state of affairs where your thirst is quenched... but there is no reason why any valuation must be the same at all times or the same for everyone. If you are dying of thirst, you will value water more than diamonds. That is, you rank the value of things in accordance to your preferences at the moment. How can there be any confusion here?
Concerning value, is it determined by subjectivity or rarity?
Both. Something needs to be desired in order for it to be saleable, but if the supply is lower than demand, people will bid the price upwards in order to get it. So subjectivity determines whether or not something will be sold, and rarity determines the price.
tabularasa: Please read the whole article which does answer your question, see here. Diamonds are not unconditionally more valuable than water. They're more valuable in the ordinary state of affairs where your thirst is quenched... but there is no reason why any valuation must be the same at all times or the same for everyone. If you are dying of thirst, you will value water more than diamonds. That is, you rank the value of things in accordance to your preferences at the moment. How can there be any confusion here?
Clayton -
I understand. So value is inherently subjective. Might I beckon Aristippus who made the claim that value is determined by rarity?
Aristippus never said that. We can generally conclude that very non-rare things are unlikely to be more valuable than very rare things of similar quality just on purely analytical grounds - why should I pay a lot of money to you for dirt, for example, when there is dirt all around me? But if for some reason I want fuller's earth or French clay, which are comparatively more rare than just plain old dirt, I will have to either live somewhere where it is widely available, or I will have to pay someone for it.
But just because something is rare doesn't mean people will want it. For example, if some random homeless guy has only ever signed his name once in his life, that would make his signature extremely rare. Is it therefore valuable? Of course not. This is the basic idea of demand and supply. It is the relative abundance of demand and supply that together determine price.
You have taken the entire discussion completely out of context. I wasn't making any kind of general praxeological or economic statement. I was giving a purely thymological or psychological idea. My point was that part of the demand for goods desired for purposes of social status is that other people are less likely to have them, and so one shows their own superiority through possessing such items. Rarity can mean that it is more expensive to obtain such objects (which means one must be wealthy in order to get them), or perhaps that others can't get the objects at all. Have you never heard of 'keeping up with the Joneses'?
This all has nothing to do with any general statements about valuation. As others have noted, this is related to economics only due to the fact that rare things can be expensive as a result of certain relations between supply and demand.
There's value and there's price.
I might value my laptop so much that if it broke I would pay $10,000.00 for it, if need be. That is its value to me in dollars.
But the market price is not determined exclusively by my valuation, and I won't have to actually pay $10,000. That's because of the laws of supply and demand. What these laws say basically is that at a given price, there will be a certain amount of people willing to sell laptops, and a certain amount willing to buy them. At $500 a laptop, I am ceratinly one of the buyers, since I would pay much more than that if need be. Luckily for me, there are plenty of sellers who want money so badly they will part with their laptops for $500.
Where does rarity fit in here? Rarity means low supply. Now the higher the supply, the more willing the suppliers are to settle for a low price. This is for two reasons. First, because they can make more money usually selling a large quantity, even if it as a lower price. Second, because a large supply often means more people supplying, which increases competition, as well as the odds of some of them willing to settle for less money than if the amount of suppliers was less, obviously.
Does rarity make me value something more? In other words, if laptops were extremely rare, would I be willing to pay more than $10,000? For some items, yes. Usually these are items whose main use is showing off. If I have the only moon rock on Earth, I have bragging rights, which may give the rock more value to me than if everyone had a moon rock in their living rooms.
Bottom line, in some cases, rarity increases the subjective value of an object. It will also usually increase the price, by the laws of supply and demand.
Of course, some objects will always have zero value, no matter how rare. Camel dung from a three legged camel who could juggle is pretty rare, but I doubt anyone would want it. Maybe that's not the best example, but I hope I got the idea across.
My humble blog
It's easy to refute an argument if you first misrepresent it. William Keizer


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Tiffany August 25, 2012
Mon Ami Winery, Port Clinton, Ohio.
Wtoo Brides style 17732 Olivia Oatmeal and Watters Bridesmaids style 7594
From the Bride:"My wedding was a dream come true, which all started from the inspiration I got from this beautiful Wtoo dress. I like to be different so I didn't want to have a traditional white dress, so when I saw this dress I knew it was exactly what I wanted. I went to the Watters trunk show at Bridal Formal in Cincinnati, Ohio so that I could try on this dress. It was the first dress I tried on and my sister and mom knew it was the dress for me! My wedding was rustic and vintage with burlap and lace. I kept all of the colors very neutral so that I wouldn't take away from the subtle color of my dress. My bridesmaids also wore Watters dresses as they were the perfect dresses to fit into my dream image. Thank you Watters for creating such beautiful dresses that will help any brides dreams come true."


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OncoLink News Flash: Gynecologic Cancer Update
Please use for reference only.
Carolyn Vachani, RN, MSN, AOCN
Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania
Last Modified: February 4, 2007
Last month's OncoLink poll asked "Do you feel that it is important to have your school-aged daughter vaccinated against HPV?" The results of our unscientific poll found 85% of the respondents said yes. However, wanting the vaccine and getting it are two different things. There is the issue of availability, as many doctor's offices are not carrying the vaccine yet. The manufacturer did start shipping the vaccine in 2006, and the hope is that it will be more widely available in 2007, so keep asking!
The issue of cost must also be considered. The series of 3 injections, given over the course of a year, will cost about $120 per shot, not including administration or office visit fees. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recommended that insurance companies cover the costs, but this can take some time to occur. Contact your insurance company to see if they are or will be covering the vaccine. The ACIP also voted to recommend that the HPV vaccine be included in the federal Vaccine for Children (VFC) entitlement program, which covers vaccine costs for children and teens without insurance and for some children and teens who are underinsured.
The currently available vaccine, Gardasil (Merck), covers HPV strains 16 and 18 (cancer-causing strains), as well as 11 and 6 (responsible for genital warts). Glaxo Smith Kline ( GSK ) has produced Ceravix, an HPV vaccine for which they plan to file for FDA approval in April 2007. This vaccine covers strains 16, 18, 45 and 31 (cancer-causing strains). GSK is currently launching a clinical trial to compare the two vaccines. The primary objective is to compare the immune responses to HPV 16 and 18 in women ages 18-26, secondarily they will examine immune responses in women ages 27-35 and 36-45. GSK 's vaccine uses a different formulation (called AS04), which was found in a study to result in stronger and longer-lasting immunity. The study results will not be available for another 1-2 years.
Some other news in the world of gynecologic cancers includes two new legislative pieces. The Gynecologic Cancer Education and Awareness Act, also known as Johanna's Law, was signed into law by President Bush in January. The bill will provide $16.5 million for Health and Human Services to use for a national campaign to increase awareness and knowledge of gynecological cancers among both the public and health care providers. This would be achieved through the distribution of written materials and the use of public service announcements encouraging women to talk with their healthcare providers about gynecologic cancers.
In the state of New Jersey, Senate Bill 544 was introduced. This bill would require health insurers to cover cervical cancer screenings (Pap smears) and any confirmatory tests, as well as HPV testing. To read more about the bill or to email your New Jersey legislator in support of the bill, visit the New Jersey Legislature website.


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Sings like heaven
Julie Christensen delivers a tremendous record with a little help from the Internet
By Kit Stolz 06/14/2012
At a recent benefit concert of Bob Dylan songs by the Ojai band Household Gods, J.B. White, the musical MC, welcomed Julie Christensen to the stage for an encore. White and six other talented musicians then cleared the stage, leaving it empty.
Christensen came out, smiled a big smile at the large crowd, took a breath and sang the hell out of "Blowin' in the Wind." It was a good thing Christensen was by herself. Anyone else on the stage would have been blown clear away. She needed no band, no other instrument, no accompaniment of any kind. She blew the roof off all by herself, to thunderous applause.
In this performance and on her new record, Weeds Like Us, Christensen returns to her folk-rock roots — gloriously. After singing and recording for years with Leonard Cohen, performing with the punk roots band Divine Horsemen in the'80s and working as a cabaret singer, at this stage of her career she finds tuneful simplicity rooted in her love of the Gram Parsons sound, colored with the raw emotionality of the '70s.
The record was originally to be produced by Kenny Edwards, long-time bandmate of Linda Ronstadt and known for his work with many other stars as a sideman and producer. In his spare, elegant sound, Christensen found herself at home and planned to make a record, estimating that in a purely acoustic setting they could record it for just $500 a song. Word got around.
Then, in 2010, Edwards died of a cancer he had mostly kept hidden from his friends and associates.
"People said to me, 'Well, you must be almost done with that record you're making with Kenny,' "a tearful Christensen said. "But we never started! We never got in the studio."
Not only was Christensen blindsided by Edwards' death, but she and her husband, actor John Diehl, were, like so many others, struggling to survive the recession financially. She talked Jeff Turmes, a musician/writer she admired, into producing her next record and had some savings to invest, but still needed to raise $7,500 to properly record and produce it and pay the musicians. For this she turned to the Internet fundraising phenomenon Kickstarter — twice. Her first campaign fell short, she readily admits, but she learned from her mistakes.
"With Kickstarter, you've got to devote time to it. You've got to treat it like a business. I'm from Iowa, I come from a strong work ethic, and I really don't want to let you down," she said.
Kickstarter is a "crowd-funding" site that allows anyone with a cool-sounding project to go to the public and ask for backing. Most projects are relatively modest, and financed by small contributions in the $25 range. Christensen set her goal at $7,500. She thanked each donor personally, offered numerous reward options, had a card made up with the web address on it, to make it easy to look up, pushed friends and acquaintances to contribute, and was thrilled to make her goal.
The money gave Christensen the freedom to make the record she really wanted to make. Included is not just Turmes' stirring "Weeds Like Us," with its tough chorus (Weeds like us are hard to kill/every day is an act of will) but also the harrowing "Outside," from a song cycle called "Rosetta, Please," by Southern singer/songwriter Dan Montgomery. (A song cycle is a group of songs designed to be performed in a sequence as a single entity.)
The story is about a man who falls in love with a prostitute. Most of the song cycle is told from his point of view, but one song is written from the prostitute's. Rosetta has been "turned out" by her pimp, found drugs, become pregnant and is spending a lot of time on the street.
"Outside" is a haunting song, and surely never better sung, but it's just one of the many deeply felt moods on this lusty, proud, wistful and determined record.
"I feel really confident that this was the record I was supposed to make," she said. "Over time it represents me and my story, more than the other records I've made. People really seem to like it."
Julie Christensen will perform at Zoey's on Friday, June 15. Her record Weeds Like Us is available on iTunes and through her website: www.stonecupid.com.
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Hey Julie! Did you ever know a guy during WW2 named John Pieklo? When he died I found letters with your name to him. This person was on the radio, and was trying to act and sing, so it sounded like it could be you, unless you aren't that old.... My name is Paula Byler if you want to talk on facebook.


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110209GGK and 110209EGG
Batch 110209GGK
- 15L of water
- 900g cane sugar
- 90 g gunpowder green tea
- 250 mL kombucha (110115EGG)
(see Kombucha Brewing Manual for more details)
Day 1 (2011-02-09)
Boiled 3 L of water in a large steel pot, and cooled to approx. 72 degrees Celsius by adding 1 L of water. Tea was added directly to the water while in the pot, and left to steep for 8 minutes. Strained the infusion through steel strainer into 5 Gal./18.9 L bucket and stirred in sugar, before topping off with 250 mL kombucha and 10 L of water. Forgot to check end temp., but estimate >25oC. SCOBY was transferred from plastic container in fridge to bucket, which was then covered with cloth and left at room temp. Labelled with date and 'batch 1'.
NB: there was ice in the SCOBY container - not good! Needs to not be pushed to the very back of the fridge. Would probably also be a good idea to invest in large glass container for long-term storage.
Day 2 (2011-02-14 - geeky Valentines Days)
Checked the kombucha; fermentation has clearly started, but taste is still very mild. Will check again on Wednesday 2011-02-16.
Day 3 (2011-02-16)
Checked the kombucha again - no visible change since Monday, so no pics, but tasted it again and decided to leave it for another ~24h before flavouring and bottling. So, since I won't be bottling until tomorrow, I've decided to prepare a nice, colourful Hibiscus infusion. 70 g of Hibiscus flowers in 2 L of unfiltered tap water, left overnight in a 1 Gal. jar on shelf.
Batch 110209EGG
- 15L of water
- 900g cane sugar
- 90 g gunpowder green tea
- 250 mL kombucha (110115EGG)
Day 1-3
As 110209GGK, but without Hibiscus flavouring.
Day 4
1 L removed for starter; 250 mL sugar added before bottling. Made 36 bottles (black caps).


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Jon Carloftis, Dale Fisher and Douglas Riddle hosted An Evening In The Courtyard Garden on Oct. 12 at Bittners.
The event featured a book signing for "Canal House Cooks Every Day," a just-released cookbook by authors Christopher Hirsheimer and Melissa Hamilton, creators of the seasonal cookbook series "Canal House Cooking." Samplings from the book were served during the evening.
Photos by TIM GIRTON | Contributing Photographer


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Race Car Traction - Get More Bite, Part 2Written by on December 17, 2006 Methods you can use to promote bite
Having superior forward bite is oftentimes the difference between winning and, well, not winning. On asphalt and especially dirt, getting in and through the middle is very important, but being able to apply a lot of power off the corners helps us pass to gain position and also to stay ahead of the competition when we are leading.
Mid-turn speed is all about the setup. Having the ability to power off the corners without spinning your tires is many times another story altogether. Our search for more bite off the corners starts with a good, balanced setup like the one we discussed in Part 1 of this series. Once we have achieved that, we work on developing additional bite off the corners. We need to accomplish that without ruining the hard work we went through to improve the mid-turn handling.
The path we need to take to develop more traction while under power is related to how our car is set up, how the suspension systems are designed, and the shape of the racetrack. In Part 1, we learned something about how tires produce and keep traction. Now we will learn how to put that knowledge to practical use to develop more forward bite off the corners.
The Setup Is Very Important The way we set up the car can help us get more traction off the corners on flatter racetracks. We can split the rates of the rear springs so that the left-rear (LR) spring has a higher rate than the right-rear (RR) spring. When we accelerate, we transfer load to the rear of the car. We can cause that load to be redistributed so that the amount of bite is increased.
As that load is applied, the rear springs will compress to absorb the added load. If the LR spring is stiffer, it will compress less than the RR spring, increasing the amount of the total sprung weight supported by the RF and LR tires. This produces an increase in the crossweight percentage, or what we might otherwise refer to as bite or LR weight, usually making the car tighter off the turns only while under acceleration.
When doing this, we want to be sure to maintain our balanced setup. If you soften the RR spring rate, the rear of the car will want to roll more, creating an unbalanced setup. We must raise the rear moment center (MC) to compensate so the car will not be overly tight in the middle of the turns. We do this by raising the Panhard bar (or J-bar). With leaf-spring rear suspensions or the stock four-links, changing the rear MC is more difficult.
For those cars, the rear MC is already quite high, so splitting the rear springs with a softer RR is necessary just to balance the mid-turn desires of the front and rear suspension. This is very convenient because we then have more forward bite without having to work too hard at it.
The setup package can have an effect on how the tires adapt to the application of power. Most of the time, if we can keep the car from being overly tight on entry and through the middle of the turns, we can avoid the all too common tight/loose condition that causes a car to be loose off the corners. A balanced setup helps prevent this condition.
As we have explained in the past, if a car is tight in the middle of the turns, we must compensate by adding steering input to help increase the front traction. Then, as we pass mid-turn, the added steering generates more than enough front traction to overcome the tight condition and the car begins to get loose. All of this usually happens right about the time we start to get into the throttle. As power is applied, the rear tires suddenly lose all traction.
Many drivers swear that the car is loose when, in fact, it is tight. We need to learn to recognize this tight/loose condition so that proper adjustments can be made to the setup of the car for a more balanced mid-turn handling package. This condition is responsible for a major number of loose-off problems. Professional teams that use data acquisition systems monitor the steering input and can see that excess steering is being used. This helps them diagnose the tight/loose condition.
For most applications, the rear spring split (softer RR spring) does not need to be substantial to accomplish the goal. On asphalt and even the dirt Late Model cars, a 10- or 15-pound split does what is needed. A split of 25 pounds or more may be too much for a coilover car and will cause an unbalanced setup that would be far too tight into and through the middle of the turns. For cars with big springs in the rear and a metric four-link suspension, a larger split is sometimes needed to overcome the high rear moment center we discussed.
To a lesser extent, splitting the rear shock compression rates accomplishes a similar effect. This happens only while the shocks are in motion and adjusting to the transfer of load upon initial acceleration. This effect is very short-lived, but can help reduce the shock to the tires that comes from the initial application of power. Increasing the compression rate in the LR shock and/or reducing the compression in the RR shock accomplishes this effect.
We have learned that traction can be better maintained if we decrease the amount of torque from the initial application of power that reaches the rear tire contact patches. Doing this helps the tires adjust to the transition of forces from lateral to longitudinal.
At mid-turn, the lateral forces are resisted by the tires at the contact patch, and all four tire contact patches are at the limit of lateral adhesion if we are going as fast as we can without sliding. In more simple terms, the tires at that point are about to give up and slide. If we can reduce the initial shock transferred to the rear tires through the driveline when applying power, we can help the rear tires maintain their attachment to the racing surface.
We do that by using various mechanical devices that move as the rear end wants to rotate with the application of power. The rear end, when viewed from the left side, desires to spin or rotate clockwise when we gas up the car. A lift arm, pull bar, or similar device will absorb some of the torque caused by the acceleration isolating that force from the tires.
The traction circle theory of tire technology tells us there is only so much traction available from a particular tire and its contact patch, no matter what direction the forces are coming from. The actual net force of resistance is based on the size of the tire contact patch, the adhesion properties of the tire itself versus the track surface properties, the amount of load resting on the tire, and the tire slip angle, or angle of attack relative to the direction of travel of the car.
The tire needs to transition from one direction of resistance (lateral, which is resisting the centrifugal forces that are at right angles to the direction of travel) to the other (longitudinal or inline acceleration associated with application of power) over a longer period of time in order to maintain grip with the track.
If this transition happens too quickly, the tire is shocked and will most likely break loose. This is obviously detrimental to performance because in order to recover the grip in the rear tires, we must back off the throttle and allow the tires to reattach themselves to the track surface. This takes a lot of time, and we lose a lot of ground in the process.
The pull bar can also absorb some of the torque going to the tires during initial application of power. By being able to move, these devices absorb some of the torque of the motor for a short period of time, usually long enough to allow the tire to adjust to the new direction of force.
We can experiment with different rates of springs and shocks in these systems to adjust to and perfect the traction enhancement for different conditions. Higher amounts of grip on the track surface necessitates more spring rate in the devices. Slicker track conditions require less spring rate and more travel for increased torque absorption.
Antisquat is a geometric suspension design that utilizes the torque transferred to the rear end and tries to rotate the differential. On a three-link car, the third link (upper link mounted above the center of the rear end housing) can be mounted at an angle, with the front mount lower than the rear mount.
When the car is accelerating, the force caused by the pinion gear trying to climb the ring gear causes the link to try to straighten out. Since the rear of the link that is mounted to the rear end cannot move vertically, the front mount will exert an upward vertical force that resists the squatting that comes from added load being transferred to the rear under acceleration.
Antisquat enhances rear traction in two ways: by keeping the rear of the car and the center of gravity (CG) higher, and by keeping the rear spoiler higher and more in the air stream.
Load transfer is directly related to the height of the CG, and the higher it is, the more weight transferred to the rear under acceleration. So a higher CG promotes traction as more weight is transferred. Along with that, a higher rear spoiler catches more air and produces more aero downforce for added grip at the rear tires.
There is no truth to the theory that the third link produces added mechanical downforce on the rear tires through the rear end. Any pressure put on the rear end by virtue of the link wanting to straighten out is offset by the reduced compression in the springs, and the trade-off in total load is even.
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. We cannot pull weight from out of the sky, so as we stated, all added load comes from weight transfer and/or more aero downforce from a more efficient rear spoiler.
Asphalt cars merely need to maintain a straight-ahead attitude when cornering. Dirt cars must steer the rear end to the right on dry-slick tracks to develop a more sideways attitude that will point the car in the right direction to be better able to get off the corners. In past years, the drivers on dry-slick tracks needed to throw the car sideways in the turns and, in the process, break the rear tires loose in order to point the car.
When it was time to get back into the throttle, the tires had already lost traction and just spun, producing little forward bite. With the advent of radical rear steer geometry, the cars now roll over, the rear end steers to the right to point the car, and the rear tires maintain grip with the track surface and are ready to provide forward bite when the driver gets back into the throttle.
A fairly new concept for added bite on asphalt involves a geometric design that produces rear steer upon application of power. We can utilize a certain type of rear suspension to create rear steer only under acceleration. In the three-link rear suspension system, if we use a pull bar, lift bar, or other similar device that allows the rear end to rotate under acceleration, we can steer the rear end to the left while the car is accelerating.
As the rear end rotates under power with the pinion moving upward, the whole rear end will move rearward. If the lower control arms are mounted at different distances from the axle, then one side of the rear end will move farther than the other. If the left-side trailing arm is mounted lower than the right-side trailing arm, then the LR wheel will move rearward more so than the RR wheel, resulting in rear steer to the left, which will tighten a car off the corners.
It is not widely known, but some top dirt racers have adjusted their cars' engines to produce less horsepower when slick track conditions would not allow great amounts of torque and horsepower to be put to full use. Using smaller carburetors, adding restrictor plates, unhooking the secondary butterflies, or using electronic traction control that changes the timing or breaks down the ignition on one or more cylinders are all ways teams reduce engine output.
We have seen teams change to a smaller engine when they knew they were going to a traditionally dry-slick track. Again, anything we can do to help the rear tires maintain grip at all times will give us a better chance to apply the power available to accelerate the car
When all available and useable methods of promoting traction control have been utilized, it may still be difficult to apply power without losing rear traction. In that case, it comes down to the drivers using their skills to help prevent loss of rear traction when coming off the corners.
Many top drivers have perfected the art of throttle control to help maintain traction. This means that if the driver knows he or she cannot apply full throttle without the rear tires spinning, the driver will work to apply just enough power to accelerate without breaking the tires loose. This method applies to both dirt and asphalt racing and is much harder to master than most might think. Truth be known, many of our most successful drivers overcame less than perfect setups using this technique.
There is a story about the late and great Dale Earnhardt Sr. at a test at the Richmond racetrack years ago. Among the many teams there, one team in particular was having unknown problems and going slow. The struggling team's owner knew Dale and asked him to take the car out and see if he could determine the problem.The car had a data recording system, and one of the functions that the system showed was throttle travel.
Dale promptly went out and ran a full second quicker than the usual driver with the same setup. Later on, a close review of the throttle graph showed that Dale was rolling on and off the throttle, and the graph looked much like a roller coaster. The other driver's throttle graph looked like a group of large square buildings-straight up and down, or quickly on and off the throttle. He was off the throttle much too quickly going into the corner, and was waiting too long to get back into the throttle. He delayed using the throttle off the corners to avoid spinning the tires as he accelerated. This example best defines driver-induced traction control. It can be a major factor in reducing lap times. Improving traction off the corners is mostly about three things:
1. Balancing the setup and geometry so that the rear tires are always gripping the racetrack, ensuring that the car is not tight (leading to the "tight/loose" syndrome).
2. Applying traction methods to enhance weight distribution and overall mechanical grip off the corners as needed.
3. Learning to recognize the amount of traction that is available and helping the driver know when he or she has done all that is mechanically possible to enhance forward bite. At that point, it is up to the driver to modulate the throttle correctly to further maintain grip between the tires and the track surface.
Your driver may never be able to mash the gas and go, but as Scott Bloomquist once said, "My goal is to go wide open all of the way around the racetrack. I know that's not possible, but the closer I can get to doing that, the better I like it." Like Scott, learn to develop a legal traction control package that maximizes performance through enhanced traction off the corners. Your lap times will get better, and the car will be more competitive while you try to get by lappedtraffic or pass for position.


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Office Accessories
Stage 11x14 Document Frame and Frame Clip Set Savings $17.95 open stock $19.90
Stay organized with home office accessories from Crate and Barrel. Our selection of office accessories enhance productivity with lots of style. Add essentials to your desk, such as staplers, tape dispensers and pen cups, in bright colors. Sort your pens, paper clips, thumb tacks and more into our clear boxes and bins of various sizes—or use them as drawer organizers. Need larger storage containers? Try our wire bins, fabric baskets and wooden trays. Enhance a work space with fresh, finishing touches, such as animal memo holders or bookends. Browse our collection of office accessories.


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I'm trying a simple recipe for ginger beer (Method 1 here). Would using ReaLemon be ok instead of an actual lemon? I understand that preservatives in an apple juice can harm the yeast when making cider, but will this small amount (2-3 tablespoons) of lemon juice make a difference?
Using ReaLemon could negatively affect your ginger beer, but it is hard to tell the effect without knowing the concentration of free sulfite (SO2) in ReaLemon.
ReaLemon's label says it contains sulfite and the manufacturer says that any of their products that mention sulfites "contains 10 ppm or more of sulfites". After a short period of tolerance, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (aka brewer's yeast aka baker's yeast) were irreversibly damaged by low concentrations of sulfite according to this study. Free SO2 is widely used in the winemaking industry to inhibit yeast.
So it is difficult to tell the effect when we don't know the concentration of SO2. Home winemakers shoot for 25 to 50 ppm of "free SO2" to inhibit unwanted fermentation. To be safe, let's estimate that ReaLemon is on the high end of that range. (In fact, in the EU, the maximum level of sulfite is 160 ppm for red wine.) Your recipe calls for the juice of one lemon, which equals about three Tbsp. or 1.5 oz. of ReaLemon. It looks like the recipe is for 24 oz. of ginger beer, estimating from the botle size in the recipe picture. So if you dissolve 1.5 oz. of ReaLemon containing 50 ppm of free SO2 into 24 oz., you end up at a concentration of 3.75 ppm of free sulfite.
Some commercially-made wines sent for lab analysis contain as low as 5 ppm of free sulfite, which is apparently deemed enough for preservative effect, but not enough for long-term aging. At low levels of 5-10 ppm, SO2 delays the onset of fermentation, but later speeds up the multiplication of yeasts and their transformation of sugars [Peynaud, 1984].
In short, we can't definitively answer your question without knowing the sulfite concentration in ReaLemon. Why not just use a real lemon since there is doubt?
EDIT: The recipe size is 2L, as @mdma points out, so assuming ReaLemon has 50 ppm of sulfite, then the final concentration in your recipe would be a very low 1 ppm.
The recipe is 2 liters, with 1 lemon's worth of juice (15ml) diluted. With that much dilution, the sulphate content in ReaLemon would have to be absurdly high to permanently affect the yeast.
If you can get hold of a lemon fruit, then use that. It's not been processed and you will get much better aromatics in the final product. But if you really can't get a lemon, then use the processed substitute (ReaLemon.)
I make ginger beer with ginger beer plant. I tried using lemon juice with preservatives exactly once and ended up killing my plant, and this was in similar concentrations, about 3-4 tablespoons in a gallon of juice. Ginger beer plant is a combination of yeast and bacteria, not just straight brewer's yeast like you are using, so maybe it has less tolerance for some reason, but I still would not risk it.
But, if you DO try it, make sure to report back your findings, I'm interested to hear what happens.


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We're in Charlottesville, VA
Where can you go to learn to be funny? There are very few books or booklets written on the subject of comedy for magicians, but this is one of them!
Here is a TREASURE TROVE of funny ideas, clever routines, and professioanl performance tips and tricks for the clown or comedy magician! Yes- over 200 gags, stunts and bits of business to bring smiles to your audience! You will NEVER run out of ideas!
Famous magician Jackie Flosso (son of legendary comedy magician Al Flosso) and his friend Clettus Musson compiled hundreds of ideas into this volume, ranging from funny lines to hilarious routines to clever props you can make. A joy to read, this booklet is bound to make your performance more humorous and entertaining!
DVD ONLY. You supply ordinary playing cards.


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jQuery Mobile theme for Windows Phone (Metro style)– Integration and Tips
- Posted: Apr 26, 2012 at 12:40PM
- 4,125 views
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This webcast presents a description of the process in integrating the jQuery Mobile theme for Windows Phone (Metro style) into an existing Apache Cordova application. Additional pointers are provided to aid developers in their task.
To learn more about the theme and download it, read the blog post.
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