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| Smith, D., Smith & Burgess LLC, Houston, Texas; White, J., Smith & Burgess LLC, Houston, Texas; Frenk, B. , Frenk Water Technologies LLC, Byron, Illinois
The purpose of this study is to limit the number of relief valves that require rigorous engineering calculations to determine the adequacy of the installation.
[relief valves]
[pressure relief valves]
Pressure relief devices control the amount and disposition
of material during a process upset while simultaneously
protecting process equipment from damage due to overpressure
caused by the upset. The devices most commonly used for these
purposes are pressure relief valves (PRVs) and pressure safety
valves (PSVs).
Quite a bit of engineering research, testing and analysis
has been performed to improve assessment of relief valve
suitability and the ability of associated installations to
protect equipment from overpressure. One area that has less
prescriptive requirements is analysis of the structural
integrity of the relief device installation during the
emergency event.
These installations are not designed for continuous flow,
but rather sporadic flow, often at choked or sonic conditions.
This article takes a brief look at the existing evaluation of
reaction forces for PRVs. It also performs a detailed baseline
analysis of typical installations to develop a screening tool
for evaluating an existing facility, and identifies the results
when tested against an existing petrochemical facility.
The purpose of this study is to limit the number of relief
valves that require rigorous
engineering calculations to determine the adequacy of the
installation. Often, it is assumed that PRV installations are
simple and easy to design. However, practical experience has
shown that PRVs, particularly devices that discharge to the
atmosphere, are the most easily manipulated during the actual
construction phase and often are not
installed as they were intended.
See Fig. 1 for two examples of
installations that were likely not installed as designed.
Clearly, not all existing relief valve installations meet the
specifications recommended by industry practice.
Fig. 1. Examples of PRV
installations where
little or no engineering piping design was
performed or design was not followed.
During an overpressure event, the discharge of a PRV imposes
a load, referred to as a reaction force, on the collective
installation. This force creates a bending moment that is both
a function of the quantity and state of the release and the
physical layout of the piping installation (i.e., the lever arm
created by the installation). The stress caused by the reaction
force is propagated into and through the PRV and then into the
inlet piping and vessel nozzle, unless the system is properly
API reaction force analysis. The American
Petroleum Institute (API) provides guidance for determining
pressure relief requirements for pressure relief device
installations. API 520, Part 2, states that PRV outlet piping
should be independently supported and properly aligned.
Stresses due to forced directional alignment of PRV piping are
also mentioned; however, that topic will not be discussed in
this article. The authors collective practical experience
has demonstrated that a significant portion of atmospheric
relief devices do not have piping supports in place, as
described in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Recreation of figure
from API 520 for
a typical relief valve installation.
Note: The
support should be as close as possible to
the centerline of the vent pipe. F
= the
reaction force, and A = the
area of discharge pipe.
API 520, Part 2, provides a basis calculation for the
reaction forces in the event of vapor or two-phase releases
directly to the atmosphere. There is no discussion in this
section of the reaction forces developed during a liquid
release. Furthermore, no guidance is presented with respect to
applying these results or determining if an installation is
acceptable; instead, the burden is placed on the designer to
ensure that the installation is appropriate. While this may be
reasonable for the design of new facilities, evaluating the adequacy
of existing facilities becomes much more
The formulas from API 520, Part 2, are listed below for
relief devices discharging to the atmosphere:
API 520, Part 2, 184.108.40.206: Customary units for vapor relief
reaction forces:
API 520, Part 2, 184.108.40.206: US customary units for two-phase
relief reaction forces:
F = Reaction force at the point of discharge to the
atmosphere, pound force (lbf)
k = Ratio of specific heats
(CP/CV) at the outlet conditions
W = Flow of any gas or vapor, pound mass
CP = Specific heat at constant
CV = Specific heat at constant volume
T = Temperature at the outlet, °R
M = Molecular weight of the process fluid
A = Area of the outlet at the point of discharge,
P = Static pressure within the outlet at the
point of discharge, psig
x = Weight fraction vapor at exit conditions
ρg = Vapor density at exit conditions,
ρl = Liquid density at exit
conditions, lbm/ft3
Pe = Absolute pressure at pipe exit,
Pa = Absolute ambient pressure, psig.
DIERS reaction force analysis. The Design
Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS) provides similar
guidance for the consideration of reaction forces and the
determination of the acceptability of a relief device
installation. Additional recommendations are provided for a
suggested piping layout to avoid excessive lever arms, as
recreated in Fig. 3. In this illustration, the
system on the left has significantly more stress due to the
increased lever arm and direction of discharge when compared to
the system on the right.
Fig. 3. Even the smallest
modification in piping
design can have a significant effect on
resulting reaction forces.
A piping system may respond far differently to a dynamic
load than to a static load of the same magnitude. Static loads
are those applied slowly enough so that the piping system has
time to react and internally distribute the loads, thereby
remaining in equilibrium.
With dynamic loadsthose that change quicklythe
piping system may not have time to internally distribute the
loads, so forces and movements are not always resolved,
resulting in unbalanced and potentially concentrated loads and
pipe movement.
The typical action of relief valve venting is an impulse
load, where the flowrate and associated forces ramp up from
nominally zero to some value, remain relatively constant for
the duration of the release, and then ramp down to zero again.
When the relief valve opens, the discharge fluid creates a jet
force that acts on the piping system. This force increases from
zero to its full value over a time frame similar to the opening
time of the valve. The relief valve remains open until
sufficient fluid is vented to relieve the overpressure
situation. When the valve closes, the reduction in flow
corresponds to the loss of the jet force over the closing time
of the valve.
Multiple relief valve piping configurations were examined
for both static and dynamic conditions, using analysis
software. The stresses calculated during the analysis were
checked against the allowable stresses per American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standards. Additionally, the
analysis was used to determine if a flange leak was likely. In
all cases, the dynamic condition was determined to be the
governing condition for the structural integrity of the piping
The leakage check examined the tendency of the flanges to
separate under the applied piping loads. ASME B31.3 does not
directly address flange leakage. The purpose of this analysis
was to determine piping failure and not flange leaks.
From extensive tests, It has been determined that,
even under unusually severe bending stresses, flange assemblies
did not fail in the flange proper, by fracture of the bolts or
by leakage across the joint face. Structural failure occurred
almost invariably in the pipe adjacent to the flange, and, in
rare instances, across an unusually weak attachment weld.
Leakage well in advance of failure was observed only in the
case of threaded flanges.1
These findings, which suggest that the structural integrity
of the piping is the major area of concern for any stress
analysis and should be considered over flange leakage, serve as
the basis for these evaluations.
Many different process connections have been observed in
field installations: Welding-reducing tees, weld/thread o-lets,
and unreinforced stub-in connections. Unreinforced
stub-in connections result in the highest ratio of calculated
to code-allowed stresses, followed by o-lets and then
welding-reducing tees for the same relief system-applied piping
loads. The model used in the current evaluations has been
confined to welding-reducing tees.
The allowable code stresses are below the yield and well
below the tensile, as indicated in Table 1,
for commonly used carbon steel materials. The net
result is that there is a 19% to 24% safety factor between the
code allowable for occasional loading and the yield point where
the material begins to fail. The relief valve models were
evaluated to establish relief pressures at which the calculated
stresses were within 5% of each of the allowable occasional,
yield and tensile stresses.
Modeling details. The relief valves were modeled as an open
discharge, with a vertical pipe discharging directly to
the atmosphere. As shown in Fig. 4, the
process connection is mounted on a pipe header with a
welding-reducing tee. This arrangement was chosen to provide a
more realistic representation of typical
installations together with the inherent flexibility of the
tee/header connection. The vent pipe is the same diameter as
the outlet connection on the valve and is unsupported at the
elbow, with a 6-foot-long vertical vent pipe.
Fig. 4. Sample of the model
Fig. 5. Sample of the
velocity profile output.
The relief valve was modeled as an orifice at the end of a
converging nozzle. The orifice was set to produce the capacity
calculated by a relief valve analysis for the given inlet
conditions using the certified orifice size. The following
assumptions were made regarding the analysis:
The objective of developing the screening tool was to
provide a fairly quick method to identify relief valves that
were likely to need either support or more detailed analysis to
verify the adequacy of the existing installation. For the
purpose of simplification, several assumptions were made, as
described below:
Fig. 6. Relief valve size
evaluated as per API 526.
PRVs installed and sized for only the external fire
contingency will not require a reaction force evaluation. While
this may seem counterintuitive, as external fire is the
prevailing overpressure contingency in pressure relief system
design, it is proposed that a PRV installation cannot be deemed
adequate by a reaction force analysis in the event of an
external fire.
The heating effect on the relief device from a fire is
unknown, and it can be more significant for the relief device
installation (particularly the outlet piping and the valve body
itself) than the stresses caused by the flowrate. It is
proposed that the failure of a relief valve installation due to
reaction forces is more likely to be controlled by the
reduction in tensile strength of the installation due to the
heat input, than to be controlled by the system design.
PRVs installed and sized for only the liquid hydraulic expansion contingency will not
require a reaction force evaluation. Liquid hydraulic expansion
cases are often nominal rates for which a small thermal PRV is
installed. In many cases, the PRV possesses a capacity far
greater than the required relief load. Additionally, the
non-steady-state nature of a thermal expansion event tends to result in
the unsustained releases that do not develop typical fluid flow
characteristics. Taking these factors into account, it was
determined that hydraulic expansion scenarios do not require
pipe stress screening.
Qualitative screening. The screening study
was divided into two phases, one being qualitative screening
against assumptions, as set forth above, and the other being
against the criteria set forth in the base-case study for each
relief valve size. The qualitative step was performed stepwise,
as a discussion tree, as represented in Table 2.
The qualitative screening step identified 32 installations
that are acceptable as is, 45 that require more
detailed analysis (including the potential review of why
two-phase/liquid releases are being sent to the atmosphere),
and 112 installations that are not covered by this
The second stage of the screening was developed based on
generic pressure relief device installations. The
intention was to draw a line separating PRV installations into
three categories:
This screening was performed against all 189 relief device
installations rather than the remaining 112 from the
qualitative screening, due to the fact that three possible
results exist rather than the two previously used. A relief
valve installation that was flagged as needing a detailed
analysis in the qualitative step may be identified as a device
that is predicted to require support irrespective of a detailed
analysis. Additionally, a relief device sized only for fire may
be identified as an installation requiring support, even before
the effects of temperature change can be examined.
To perform this screening, the existing PRV installations
were divided into typical and complex groups, as described
previously. For typical installations, a threshold value of 90%
was used when comparing the installation to screening
tool-generated stresses for each relief valve size. This means
that relief valves having a relief pressure within 90% of the
threshold for occasional loading were flagged as requiring
detailed engineering analysis. Similarly, relief pressures
exceeding 90% of the threshold for yield stress were flagged as
likely requiring support, regardless of the detailed analysis.
For complex PRV installations, the threshold value was lowered
to 70% of the occasional loading and yield stress limits,
The results of the quantitative screening, shown in
Table 3, indicate that most of the valves
predicted to require support (28 of the 37 identified) fall
into the category of those predicted to exceed the yield
stress. Therefore, these valves were identified as
installations that do not require detailed analysis to
determine if support is required.
Overall results. The results of both
screening studies were combined to create an actionable list of
items for ensuring the physical integrity of the PRV
installations, as shown in Table 4. For the
facility studied, the aggregate of the two screenings predicted
that 28 pressure relief installations would require support
(even if a detailed engineering study was performed), and an
additional 34 PRV installations would require a more detailed
engineering study to determine the adequacy of the
installations. Overall, more than 30% of the relief valves studied were found to require
A sample was taken from each of the three categories, and
detailed analyses were performed to verify these results. Of
those samples, all relief device installations predicted to
require support did indeed require support to avoid exceeding
the yield stress. Likewise, all sampled installations predicted
to be adequate were found to be adequate. Of the sampled
devices predicted to require detailed engineering analysis, all
but one exceeded the yield stress, and that installation did
exceed the allowable stress.
The purpose of this study was to provide a solid screening
tool to prevent the cost of performing a detailed engineering
evaluation on every relief device installation, and the end
result met this objective. In some cases, it may be more
cost-effective to simply support PRV installations for which a
detailed study is suggested, rather than to perform the
detailed study.
Overpressure protection analysis has evolved significantly
since the inception of the process safety management (PSM)
standard, but the mechanical stress applied to the piping
during overpressure events appears to have been, for the most
part, overlooked. Criteria for identifying pressure relief
device installations that may exceed allowable stress levels
were developed from these systems. These criteria were then
evaluated against a petrochemical facilitys
pressure relief systems and benchmarked for validity as a
first-pass tool to identify installations potentially requiring
physical supports. For the facility studied, approximately
two-thirds of the PRV installations were predicted to be
adequate with respect to reaction forces, with the remaining
installations being broken into two categories: those requiring
support and those requiring further analysis.
This proves that, in practice, a significant percentage of
PRV installations do not meet the desired structural integrity
with regard to reaction forces. This study demonstrates a
screening tool that allows plants to focus resources on the
relief valve installations most likely to fail due to reaction
forces. HP
1 Peng, L.-C. and T.-L. Peng, Pipe Stress
Engineering, ASME, New York, 2009.
All comments are subject to editorial review.
All fields are compulsory.
It is not noted that the equations given in the article are only applicable where the flow through the RV is "critical" or "choked". If the flow is sub-critical then these equations are not strictly applicable.
Randal Caffery
Very good that this problem is addressed. A couple of thoughts on fire PRVs and hydraulic expansion. Fire case - Agree that a failure of piping might actually be OK in a fire; at least the vessel/equipment will relieve. That a PRV may not function properly in a fire seems to be a trouble area. Considering weakened vessel strength with heat and a PRV set at MAWP which may be away from the heat source is also a troubling thought. I've heard of de-pressurization (blowdown) for some cases; maybe that's on option. Liquid Expansion - I've witnessed allegedly liquid packed vessels being blowndown after a hydrotest and was amazed at how long the water is shooting out of a small bleed valve; sometimes appearing to be getting vaporized/sheared into small droplets (maybe high velocity lowering pressure and flashing occurring?). While the some air left in the system may be the culprit, I wondered if the stretching of the steel under hydrotest resulted in the prolonged blowdown. With the fact that most relief devices have a blowdown pressure below set pressure, I can see a liquid relief device may relieve for a time long enough to establish steady state flow.Just some thoughts to consider when applying engineering judgment in some cases.
please,in case of design metering station we need to put a pressure safety valve to realize the crude oil to the relief tank( in my case i have crude oil ) so i in this case please give me the solution for the following :1- how we can calculate the back pressure for pressure safety valve(psv)? 2- how we can design a vessel under the pressure ( closed tank) for to save crude oil after the crude oil exit from pressure safety valve(psv) ?
Joe Bucci
I work in the HVAC industrie, how often do boiler PRV's need to be recertified? And do refrigerant PRV's need to be recertified?
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text:
Possible Duplicate:
How Can I Know Whether I Am a Good Programmer?
I was looking at some posts on language execution speeds (e.g. whether one Language was faster then another or vice versa), and the common answer was that it really depends on how good the programmer is.
I was wondering what that actually means. How can I tell bad code from good code?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
What is the quickest and best way to export a plot image from Mathematica to a $\LaTeX$ Editor? Is there something quicker than exporting it to an image and then including it in the $\LaTeX$ document?
I usually
For ease of use when dealing with many different graphics I prepare a notebook for each of these and also generate the LaTeX code for insertion in my document. The graphics get their name from the notebook so you can easily spawn different versions by renaming the notebook.
EDIT: more concise and portable:
The resulting output can be copied as plaintext or you might even splice it directly into your document (although this is a bit much for casual use).
The absolutely fastest way I know to get high-quality
Copying as
Edit 2: copying complex graphics: 3D plots, contour plots, etc.
As has been noted in this post on $\LaTeX$ and Mathematica, you can no longer rely on
Unfortunately, this means that answers based on
On the other hand, copying as
Fortunately, that can be avoided by making sure that Mathematica automatically rasterizes 3D graphics upon export to
Now all exported and copied
The list of 3D plot functions in the command above can be extended to include some notoriously unwieldy 2D plot functions as well, e.g.,
If you create a notebook with some plots and then save it as LaTeX, not only will the images all be generated but so will LaTeX code that you can use to include those images.
One way to speed up the workflow is to batch process all your images and even formulas if you have many. Basically do all your work in the Mathematica notebook placing distinct graphics, formulas and text in separate cells. Then choose File > Save As... and pick LaTeX Document (*.tex) from the drop down menu of popped up window. This will produce a set of .EPS files for each of your graphics stored in separate cells and a coherent .TEX file with text, formulas and calls to the .EPS images.
The way I do this is by creating a directory structure like the following:
The LaTeX file is in
The notebooks start with
and ends with
The figures are then
The key point is that I export all figures to the correct final size, ensuring that the font sizes will be consistent (e.g. in all figures the fonts will be precisely 8 pt big). (Re-)evaluating the notebook will produce all figures and save them directly into the figure directory.
For the LaTeX part, I use the
If some figures need to be post-processed manually using some illustration software, I export them to a separate directory, then copy the final result manually. I keep all figures under version control (in addition to the figure notebook), in case re-evaluating the figure code will overwrite and break something.
I just figured out the following workaround imitating the psfrag convenience while avoiding intense programming or additional software:
I ended up creating a small version with 212pt Image Size and a larger for full-page plots of 425pt. Also, I made a package to have them ready at every session. This imitates psfrag in the way that if the document font size or -style changes, the plots can be redrawn quickly by simply changing the custom themes and exporting again.
This is not a proper solution to the problem, but an easy workaround, which should be sufficient for most cases. It might not be enough for a journal article, though:
In general it is a shame that Mathematica cannot separate graphics and text upon export. Matlab and most other Software packages have much better latex export functionalities. Maybe it is just a marketing thing - making it hard to avoid the Mathematica style. In any case a much-needed feature for v11!


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text:
Possible Duplicate:
Equality of two notions of tensor products over a commutative ring
Let $A$ be a commutative ring. There are two common definitions of tensor product of two $A$-modules $M$ and $N$ in terms of universal property. One definition defines it as a universal object of a map $$\tau:M\times N\rightarrow G,$$ where $G$ is an abelian group, and $\tau$ is $A$-balanced, i.e.,
- $\tau(m+m',n)=\tau(m,n)+\tau(m',n)$,
- $\tau(m,n+n')=\tau(m,n)+\tau(m,n')$,
- $\tau(a\cdot m,n)=\tau(m,a\cdot n)$.
Another definition defines it as a universal object of a map $$\sigma:M\times N\rightarrow L,$$ where $L$ is an $A$-module, and $\sigma$ is $A$-bilinear, i.e.,
- $\sigma(m+m',n)=\sigma(m,n)+\sigma(m',n)$,
- $\sigma(m,n+n')=\sigma(m,n)+\sigma(m,n')$,
- $\sigma(a\cdot m,n)=a\cdot\sigma(m,n)$,
- $\sigma(m,a\cdot n)=a\cdot\sigma(m,n)$.
I always thought they were equivalent definitions, but now I made a couple of observations:
- Let $\tau:M\times N\rightarrow G $ be a universal object in the first sense. If $G$ happens to be an $A$-module and $\tau$ happens to be $A$-bilinear, then $\tau$ is a universal object in the second sense.
- Let $\sigma:M\times N\rightarrow L$ be a universal object in the second sense. It doesn't seem to follow that $\sigma$ is a universal object in the first sense.
So intuitively, it seems that "the set of the first universal objects contains the set of the second universal objects". Am I correct? If so, then it seems necessary to distinguish the two definitions of tensor product.


text:
I'm playing with a yeast starter right now and I've noticed when I shake the mix the yeast gets more active. I'm wondering how this applies to my actual fermentation. So I was thinking I'd let my primary sit still for 2 weeks then move it to a secondary carboy and shake it up. What are some best practices here and what can make the yeast perform the best?
EDIT: As far as a best practice, I would SAPS it :D (FYI, I made that acronym up...)
Starter - Create a starter to get the cell count high enough - http://www.howtobrew.com/section1/chapter6-5.html
Aerate - Before pitching, use one of the many available methods to aerate the wort - http://www.howtobrew.com/section1/chapter6-9-2.html
Pitch - When the starter is ready and the wort is aerated, put the yeast into the wort in the primary vessel - http://www.howtobrew.com/section1/chapter6-6.html
Suffocate - Do anything possible not to introduce oxygen after this point - http://www.howtobrew.com/section1/chapter6-9-3.html
It is not recommended to perturb the beer between when fermentation starts and kegging/bottling because you run a strong risk of coming into too much contact with oxygen. Carefully racking to secondary with minimal oxygen exposure will leave you with plenty of yeast for carbonation.
Please see Why do you aerate wort at first and try to keep oxygen out later? for why oxygen is not good for wort/beer once fermentation has begun.
Your yeast is not getting more active its just bubbles. Shaking the completely fermented beer is only knocking CO2 out of solution. Shaking in secondary can be a problem if there is O2 in there. It will mix with the beer and likely cause some oxidation.
...so you want to shake the yeast after fermentation is complete and you've racked off the lees?
If anyone disagrees here, please weigh in, but I don't think you'll see a difference, and if anything, you're at a slight risk of oxidizing your beer.
If you're talking about how the Wyeast pack balloons up after you shake it, that's because you're knocking a significant volume of CO2 out of solution, causing the bag to expand.
If that's not what you mean by "gets more active," please elaborate. Whatever you're observing, though, is likely just foaming of CO2 from agitation, rather than an actual change in yeast metabolism rate.
In any case, there is some merit to rousing yeast and helping them attenuate a beer, particularly if it's a highly flocculent strain, as they tend to settle out before they can fully reabsorb the diacetyl and acetolactate. This, however, is more effective if you do it at the end of primary fermentation, not a week afterwards. You can achieve the same effect by raising the beer to a diacetyl rest temperature at the end of fermentation, typically about 5°F warmer than your fermentation temperature.
Another downside to shaking after fermentation has begun is you run the risk of getting the dried Krausen off the side of the fermentation vessel. That mixed with the extra oxidation you'd cause can cause quite a bit of bitter, papery off flavors.
From commenter Mike S: http://www.howtobrew.com/section1/chapter6-9-2.html Explains why you shake at the beginning. http://www.howtobrew.com/section1/chapter6-9-3.html Explains why you do not shake after primary.
Shake it up, but only after the aggressive fermentation period is over with. This will typically be 4-7 days in the primary. Only shake in the primary! You risk oxidation at any other point. The oxygen has already been forced out of the carboy, shaking can in fact liven the yeast and make nutrients that settled into odd areas once again available to them. I recommend shaking during week 2 and beyond. Obviously if you are near bottling time, you want to leave amply time for settling (minimum 3 days).
I am an avid from-scratch brewer and base the above off of both my own and other's experience, in addition to a little common sense applied to the science behind the brew.


text:
I have to complete a summer packet of 90 Algebra 2 questions. I have completed 89 of them, the only one I could not get was this. I know the answer is $y = \frac {47}2$, $\frac 17$ according to WolframAlpha, but I have no idea how to reach that answer, my Algebra 2 Honors teacher couldn't figure it out.
Directions: Use substitution or linear combination to solve each system.
$$\dfrac 3{(x-1)} + \dfrac 4{(y+2)} = 2$$ $$\dfrac 6{(x-1)} - \dfrac 7{(y+2)} = -3$$


text:
I need help on what kind of writing career I want.
My name is Quadree Breeland and I am currently a college student attending Wilmington University. I had to start over as a freshman again because I didn't do so well at the school I went to before. I was a student at University of Advancing Technology during the 2010-2011 year. I loved the school, but I didn't do well, so I had to start over at another school. I don't like Wilmington. I'm just going there to get my credits up. I want to transfer in the fall or the spring and be a sophomore. I need a school with dorms, creative writing or film, parties, and is lower than 30,000 a year. I am from Philadelphia by the way. I digress, but I just wanted you to know what my situation is.
I am not the greatest student, but I am a smart person and a pretty good writer. Well, I'm an ok writer. I have written 3 short stories in the past couple of years. I wrote a story about a former FBI agent that quit because he wanted to be a journalist. 5 years later, a russian terrorist finds him and tries to kill him. The other story is about a video game killer. It's about a man that hates video games ever since he was a kid, so he kills children and teenagers with their own games. Literally. The last story I wrote was when I was a student at UAT. It's set in an alternate universe in which teenagers can become detectives and no one respects them. It's just a procedural with teenage detectives. I did not know about 21 jump street during that time. I might post those stories on this blog later, but I need help right now.
I don't know what kind of career in writing or entertainment I want to go into. I love writing and it's my thing, but I'm no Aaron Sorkin or anything. I just have a passion for the entertainment industry and writing. I'm the only one in my family who loves to watch the behind the scenes featurettes on video games, movies, and tv shows. It just amazes me how these are made. It's a magical thing to me.I love film, tv, and video games, but I think I'm leaning over to the video game writing thing. I know I won't just jump into it, but as a college student, I need to think realistically about what I want to do.
I'm not the greatest student or writer, but I have a great passion for it. I know this and I feel it inside me. Ever since I was a kid, I've had a passion for writing stories or talking about them. I love anime and comics too. I don't have a problem writing for comic books, cartoons, or even writing about wrestling online and getting paid for it. I like wrestling too. Raw is the best. I don't have a problem writing for the WWE wither. Yes, I know it's scripted. Maybe I can be the guy that helps write the script. I love scriptwriting too.I am looking at schools with creative writing and journalism, but I just don't know what I want to do as a career. I have an idea, but I just need a push.
These are the different types of careers in writing i want to do:
1. Comic Book Dialog Writer or Story Writer.
2. Cartoon Writer
3. Video Game Dialog Writer or Mission Writer.
4. TV Writer
5. WWE ScriptWriter
Thank you for reading! Please Respond as soon as you can.
Re: I need help on what kind of writing career I want.
Q. I need help on what kind of writing career I want
A. How are we meant to know? It is your life and there is no way of us really telling you what kind of career you want. Try doing some writing in all the areas you are interested in. Which ones appeal to you most? Where can you get your work critiqued? Where can they be published?
Re: I need help on what kind of writing career I want.
Basically, I need more information in the areas I've stated.
Re: I need help on what kind of writing career I want.
Re: I need help on what kind of writing career I want.
hey guys, i like novels. i want to write a novel about lost love. i have got appreciated by many peoples for my writings in magazines. expecting advices from you guys for my career. i am also interested in drawings. my mind toggle always.
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Observatory or "Obs" as the locals call it, is Cape Town's bohemian suburb and lies east of the city centre.
East of the central business district, on the way to the University of Cape Town and the southern suburbs, you'll come across Observatory, with its bars, live music and trendy restaurants.
During the apartheid era Observatory enjoyed "grey area" status, meaning that people of all races lived together, and this same spirit has persisted in the new South Africa. The suburb's numerous clubs, restaurants, book and curio shops remain open until late, making Obs a great night-time spot. Visiting at night also means you'll see Obs at its best – when the shabby chic of its slightly dilapidated buildings is less obvious.
All the night action is centred on Lower Main Road, so take a slow amble down, taking time to stop at each of the shops, or let your ears lead you to the best live music on the street – most nights offer a choice of Afro Latin, folk and jazz. Don't walk alone at night, though, for your own safety.
Those more concerned with the spinning of the Earth than spinning on the dance floor, should visit the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO), +27 21 447 0025; www.saao.ac.za, on Observatory Road, which grew from the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope, founded in 1820. It's open to the public every second Saturday of the month for a two-hour tour; no booking is required, unless your group is larger than 16. Meet at the SAAO at 20h00 for a tour of the observatory and its museum, a chance to view distant galaxies and marvel at sparkling celestial bodies through a telescope.
- Phone: +27 21 487 6800
Cango Caves
29km from Oudtshoorn, at the head of the picturesque Cango Valley, lies the spectacular underground wonder of the Klein Karoo - the Cango Caves. Situated in a limestone ridge parallel to the well-known Swartberg Mountains, you will find the finest dripstone caverns, with their vast halls and towering formations.
Southern Suburbs
The Southern Suburbs are a tourist's delight. The area, which stretches from the slopes of the Table Mountain range to the False Bay coast, offers natural attractions and a vibrant nightlife.
St James
Just a little further on from Cape Town's well-known Muizenberg beach is St James. Home to a cluster of well-known and oft-photographed bathing boxes on the beach, St James is a picturesque area that offers beachgoers respite from the westerly wind.
Llandudno and Sandy Bay
Only 18km from the Cape Town city centre, an arc of fine white sand gives away the secluded location of one of Cape Town's most beautiful beaches, Llandudno.
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Hail to the Hapless Chiefs
KANSAS CITY, Mo.—For our family, there was a Dickensian quality to the Christmas Day game of 1971. My father, holder of two Kansas City Chiefs season tickets, could have brought one of his sons to that playoff game. Instead he took his nephew, 13-year-old Timmy, who was so disabled he could have played Tiny Tim in "A Christmas Carol."
Although unable to play sports, Timmy followed them obsessively. On that Christmas, he understood that the Chiefs were two games away from their third Super Bowl appearance in six years, and that a second Lombardi trophy (they'd defeated Minnesota in Super Bowl IV) would make them a dynasty.
Yet when the Dolphins devastated Kansas City that day, winning 27-24 in double overtime in what remains the longest NFL game ever played, Timmy neither sulked nor cried. He cheered. At some point during the contest, Timmy had fallen in love with Mercury Morris, Nick Buoniconti, Jim Kiick and Co.—the Dolphins team that a year later would win the Super Bowl undefeated. Until his death at 51, an age his physicians had said Timmy would never reach, his first love was the Dolphins, the Chiefs a distant second.
In the 45 years that my family has owned two season tickets to the Kansas City Chiefs, the argument for dropping them has never been stronger. On Sunday the team fell to 2–13. Early this month, a Chiefs linebacker murdered the mother of his three-month-old baby before killing himself. After an October game, an offensive lineman whose poor blocking all season had contributed to unsafe quarterback conditions wrongly accused "70,000" fans of applauding a quarterback injury.
But we're renewing the tickets again, and my late cousin Timmy helps explain why. Unforgettable events can happen out there, on and off the field. The current owner of the tickets, my 24-year-old nephew Jake Helliker, takes comfort in knowing the tickets were passed down from his father, his late grandfather and his late great grandfather, who won them in a Boy Scout's raffle in 1967. In our family, Chiefs games have been a part of Sunday afternoons for 45 years, if only because of the fights that would ensue about who had to go. "Sometimes Daddy had a heck of a time finding anyone to go with him," recalls Mom, referring to my father.
Sure enough, my brothers and I often hid when Dad came looking for somebody to use that second ticket. We'd rather play outside than go to a Chiefs game. Since we worked for Dad—throwing newspapers on the enormous delivery franchise he'd purchased—it was also akin to spending Sunday afternoon with the boss.
"Maybe Timmy wants to go," we would say. Thank goodness for that football-crazy disabled cousin of ours.
As the family's most overworked member, Mom had no trouble getting out of games. But Dad dragged her to the first game of the 1972 season, for two reasons: It was the first game held in the brand-new Arrowhead Stadium and Mom was past-due with what would turn out to be their son. "Daddy thought I could be the first woman to give birth in the new stadium," Mom recalls. The game took place on Sept. 17. The youngest of their five boys, Brent, was born two days later.
As a child, Brent would pass through the turnstiles on Dad's shoulders and share a seat with him, something stadiums wouldn't allow today.
For two decades after that longest game, the Chiefs stunk. But it was during that period that my brother Phillip saw his best performance ever at Arrowhead Stadium. "It was 'The Who', their 25th anniversary tour in 1989," he said. "Maybe the best concert I ever saw."
Even if the quality of play improved little, the allure of the tickets grew when my brothers and I reached the age where we could go without Dad. After one such game together, my brothers Phillip and Paul got separated, and on his walk to the car Phillip took a football hard in the face from a guy standing three feet away from him. Phillip, large enough to play tackle, decked the guy and continued to the car. When Paul failed to show up, Phillip went looking and found him tending to the guy that Phillip had decked. "Fortunately the guy didn't remember me," said Phillip.
This year, my nephew Jake sat in the stands when quarterback Matt Cassel got injured. Jacob heard a tiny smattering of applause, and said to his companion, "That's not cool." But when Cassel was carried off the field to a standing ovation, all seemed right—until later, when a video went viral of Chiefs tackle Eric Winston accusing fans of applauding Cassel's injury. "My friends started calling me from all over the country asking what kind of fans we have here," said Jake. "It was a great way for that lineman to take the focus off his own performance."
To some extent, every professional team's performance is a reflection on the city where it resides. But it may be more so in a market as small as Kansas City, and as prone to East Coast snootiness. In Richard Ford's bestseller, "The Lay of the Land," the east-coast protagonist despises his grown son for living in Kansas City, working as an artist for Hallmark Cards and following the Chiefs. The daughter of the protagonist feels likewise. "Clarissa recognizes (her brother's) right to be an insignificant little Midwestern putzburger, card writer and Chiefs fan, someone she'd never have one thing to do with if he wasn't her brother."
Here is reason enough to keep the Chiefs tickets: to be someone that Richard Ford despises.
And here is reason enough to feel pride in the Chiefs: In that longest game that Kansas City lost 41 Christmases ago, Chiefs running back Ed Podolak set a playoff record with 350 yards. It still stands today.
Write to Kevin Helliker at email@example.com


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BETHANY - Bethany College President Scott Miller joined two other West Virginia college administrators - and more than 300 nationwide - to sign an open letter calling on lawmakers to enact stricter gun control regulations in the wake of the Dec. 14 shooting massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn.
The tragedy took on a deeper meaning for the small college of about 1,000 students when the campus learned that 6-year-old Caroline Previdi, daughter of 1994 Bethany graduate Jeff Previdi, was among the 20 students killed when Adam Lanza opened fire inside the school that morning. That, Miller said, was one of the reasons he believes it is important to place his name among those urging continued discussion over America's gun laws.
"We're a particularly close, small college community," Miller said. "While the Sandy Hook massacre was emotional for the entire nation, it was even more devastating to the Bethany community because of the way it affected one of us."
The letter, which can be read in its entirety at collegepresidentsforgunsafety.org, calls on lawmakers to oppose legislation allowing guns on college campuses and in school classrooms; close the so-called "gun show loophole" that proponents of gun control argue allow people to purchase guns without a criminal background check; ban "military-style" semi-automatic weapons; and tighten consumer safety standards, including requiring safety locks for all guns.
According to Miller, the effort gathered steam following the Sandy Hook tragedy among a nationwide e-mail network of college administrators and was solidified when the Council of Independent Colleges met earlier this month in Florida. But Miller said even though the Newtown shooting put "an exclamation point" on the issue and galvanized college leaders to try and use their positions as higher education leaders to enact change, the letter - which bore the signatures of 326 administrators from 40 states as of Monday - is more than an emotional reaction to a tragedy.
"Most of us have expressed our opinions on the matter in the past - well-thought out opinions," he said.
Miller also has signed two other related letters, including one to President Barack Obama originated by Emerson College President M. Lee Pelton and another seeking to protect colleges' rights to ban guns from their campuses. He noted he believes he's the only college president to sign all three.
Miller maintains it is possible to strike a balance between stronger gun laws and protecting Americans' constitutional rights.
"I respect an individual's rights through the Second Amendment to protect their homes and for their own safety, but the semi-automatic assault weapons and the high-capacity ammunition magazines just are not necessary to do that," he said. "Many of these weapons are falling into the hands of the wrong people through things like the gun show loophole, and we need tighter restrictions on that."
Bethany, which is a private institution, has a zero-tolerance policy concerning firearms on campus, and students or staff who are caught carrying guns are subject to expulsion or termination, Miller said.
"We have 1,300 acres here, and we do not allow hunting on campus, on any of our campus properties. ... We want to preserve our lands for our students to be able to walk the trails, sit in the woods, enjoy the trees in a safe environment," he said, noting students who enjoy hunting can check their guns at the nearby Brooke County Sportsman Club on McAdoo Ridge Road and take advantage of the club's 189 acres set aside for hunting.
Other West Virginia college administrators who have signed the letter are University of Charleston President Ed Welch and Davis & Elkins College Chancellor Michael Mihalyo, a former dean of faculty at Bethany.


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Stock inventory by the pallet, create rows to organize your
warehouse, and improve fulfillment times with heavy duty pallet racking.
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Get your free 10-point Warehouse Safety Inspection by calling us at 1.800.637.9508 or by using the above form. It is recommended that a warehouse safety inspection be completed at least once a year. Our safety inspections have saved businesses hundreds of thousands of dollars in potential OSHA fines and prevented workplace accidents that were waiting to happen.
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Named for the tear-drop shaped holes that are punched into the upright frames, these are the most popular style of racking on the market today. Since almost all manufacturers use the same design, these parts are often interchangeable with other brands. The cross beams feature two safety catches on either end which fit into the larger part of the teardrop and locked into place with gravity. No tools are required for assembly.
Sometimes called "Angled Slots," these racks feature a double punched face that accepts the angled tabs from its component cross beams. Originally manufactured by Penco Products, other companies have taken up the charge to create additional components and accessories, allowing you to replace, add on, and custom configure your slotted racking.
Increase the versatility of your heavy duty pallet racks by adding wire decks. Fully welded and reinforced with u-channel supports, wire decking prevents items from falling between racks, mitigating damage caused by accidents. Additionally, wire decking conforms to fire safety standards by allowing sprinkler systems to penetrate deeper levels in the event of a fire. Take care of your products and your facility by purchasing wire decking.
Not everything that is warehoused fits neatly on a pallet, but that shouldn't stop you from staying organized. Use fork entry bars and drum cradles for bulky, round, or oddly shaped items that may not stack squarely. Customize your pallet racks with other accessories, such as rack column protectors, galvanized flanged cross bars, row spacers, and wall Spacers. Dividers for wire decking makes it easy to keep items separated, while magnetic label holders allow you to keep everything in place.
Invest in safety with Rack Guarding and Aisle Shield protectors. Made from welded wire mesh, these panels affix to the back and sides of the pallet racks to prevent items from falling. Accidents occur in the workplace, but injuries don't have to. If human error causes a pallet to tumble, these guards will protect employees from falling objects. Your merchandise is also kept from a long fall, saving it from damage. Protect your people and your products with pallet rack safety panels.


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Event Information
This BFA exhibition includes the work of Dulcee Boehm from Visual Studies, Rachel Kauff from Printmaking, and Mili Thibodeau also from Printmaking. The show will include a variety of projects and media, exploring issues related to the body, food and landscape. A reception for the artists will be held on Thursday, April 12 from 5-7 PM. Free and open to the public.
Art Gallery, 616-331-2563


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The Exalogic Start-Up Pack has been discontinued. Last quote date is September 12, 2013. Last order date is November 30, 2013.
Oracle provides similar services as part of Oracle Platinum Services, the Oracle Exacelerators Program and other offerings.
For more information, please contact Oracle Consulting via our global contacts list.


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Trojans Retain Possession of Beville CupJune 30, 2014
AU Posts Largest Margin of Victory in History of the Competition
ANDERSON, S.C. – For the second consecutive year and sixth time in the last eight, Anderson University has claimed possession of the coveted Beville Cup in the passionate rivalry between Anderson and Erskine, by a 12-3.5 point margin.
The prestigious Beville Cup, originally known as the Anderson/Erskine Cup, is a competition between Erskine and Anderson's athletics programs that was established in the fall of 2003 and is sponsored by ARAMARK in order to promote and enhance the rivalry between the Trojans and Flying Fleet, whose campuses are separated only by 20 miles.
The winner of the Beville Cup each year has the award presented each spring to its student-athletes and coaches by the losing athletics director, traditionally at their postseason banquet/awards night.
The Trojans actually clinched the point back in mid-November, when the AU women's basketball team cruised to a 78-63 win over the Flying Fleet, while the men's basketball squad edged EC, 60-55, in Due West, but the final point was only recently determined.
This year's margin of victory for the Trojans was the largest in the competition's 11-year history, surpassing AU's back-to-back eight-point triumphs in 2007 and 2008. For the second consecutive year, Anderson led wire-to-wire in the competition en route to claiming its second straight title.
Anderson blanked the Flying Fleet through the fall and winter seasons of 2013-14, as the Trojans raced out to an insurmountable 8.5-0 lead following the hoops' victories. AU got off on the right foot by sweeping the Fleet in soccer by a combined 11-2 score in Due West, while the volleyball team collected a point by shutting out EC, 3-0. After the Trojan men's and women's cross country teams each earned points with higher finishes at the NCAA Regionals, the basketball teams combined to collect two additional points prior to Thanksgiving.
The Flying Fleet garnered its first half-point by earning a split of a baseball doubleheader, while adding a pair of points in men's and women's golf. AU's softball team slowed Erskine's momentum with a sweep, while the Flying Fleet picked up the remainder of their points by splitting in men's and women's tennis.
AU never trailed during the 2012-13 campaign either, garnering a two-point lead during the fall seasons on the strength of wins by the women's soccer squad and higher finishes at both the men's and women's cross country regionals.
The Flying Fleet crept within 5.25-4.25 following the winter campaigns, but Anderson closed the spring with strong outings and claimed four of the final six points on the strength of a sweep by the baseball team, and with the women's golf squad also posting a higher finish at Tusculum's Agnes McAmis Memorial Tournament.
The Trojan softball and men's tennis teams secured the return of the Cup to the Abney Athletic Center with dramatic wins on the final day of their respective regular seasons, with the tennis squad recording a 6-3 win and the softball team decisively sweeping the Fleet, 6-3 and 10-0, at Smethers Field.
The 2011-12 year saw the Trojans gain an early 6.5 to 2.5 lead by posting higher finishes at the regional men's and women's cross country meets and sweeping all three basketball matchups. AU also took wins in both women's soccer and volleyball to build the advantage. Erskine rallied in late February and March to climb within 1 ½ points, then overtook the Trojans with strong outings in April.
Anderson also raced out to a commanding 7.5-2.5 point lead during the 2010-11 campaign on the strength of sweeps by the men's and women's soccer squads and the men's and women's basketball teams, while volleyball split their home and away matches. A late surge by Erskine gave the Flying Fleet a brief one-point edge going into the final week of competition, but it was too little, too late, as the Trojan golf teams swept the Fleet to provide the winning margin.
Anderson University won the inaugural Cup in 2004 by a comfortable margin before Erskine captured the Cup back-to-back years in 2005 and 2006. The Cup returned to Anderson in 2007 and 2008, but Erskine returned it to Due West in 2009 with a narrow 16.5-15.5 win. The 2009-10 competition also went down to the wire, with Anderson claiming a 20-18 victory after the AU women's golf team posted a fourth-place finish at the Conference Carolinas' Championship, two spots ahead of Erskine to provide the winning margin.
The Anderson-Erskine Cup was changed to the 'Beville Cup" in the spring of 2007 in honor of Bobby and Susie Beville. Susie Beville was a graduate of Anderson College and Erskine College, where she played softball. Susie Beville passed away in the summer of 2004. Her husband Bobby played baseball both at AU and Erskine and went on to serve as baseball coach at Anderson before becoming the athletics director for 10 years. He left AU in 2007 to work for the Anderson City Parks and Recreation Department.
2003-04: Anderson 19, Erskine 13
2004-05: Erskine 19.5, Anderson 12.5
2005-06: Erskine 18.5, Anderson 13.5
2006-07: Anderson 20, Erskine 12
2007-08: Anderson 20, Erskine 12
2008-09: Erskine 16.5, Anderson 15.5
2009-10: Anderson 20, Erskine 18
2010-11 Anderson 10.5, Erskine 9.5
2011-12 Erskine 9.5, Anderson 9.0
2012-13 Anderson 9.25, Erskine 6.25
2013-14 Anderson 12, Erskine 3.5


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I've seen a similar question asked a few times, but usually it is from people trying to find out which Page is currently accessing their Tab app. (Which you can do by inspecting the signed_request.)
I'm trying to build a UI that will show the user all the Pages that he/she is an Admin of, and then display which of those Pages have my Tab app already installed. I'd like to make a FB graph API call to either a) get the list of Pages that have my Tab app installed or b) get a yes/no answer for whether a particular Page has it installed. Is this possible?
As a fallback, I will make a table in my database to track Page IDs whenever a Page views my Tab (using the aforementioned signed_request) but this won't be as good, because it won't know when someone has uninstalled the Tab from a Page.


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June 29, 2012
The meeting will be on Thurs., July 12, 2012, at the Loomis Veteran's Memorial Hall, 5945 Horseshoe Bar Rd., in Loomis from 10 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.
Supervisor Holmes is hosting the meeting in partnership with the Placer County Older Adult Advisory Council and the Area 4 Agency on Aging. Input received from at the meeting will be used to help shape decisions on which services will be offered to Placer County seniors through federal Older Americans Act funds over the next four years (2013-17).
"I am grateful that I can help facilitate this meeting that will benefit an important segment of the Placer County community," said Supervisor Holmes, who is also a member of the Older Adult Advisory Council. "We hope to discover from the very people who are affected what issues need to be addressed and which are the most critical. This meeting will not only provide a forum for seniors to express their views, but a place where they can meet with professionals and leaders in this service network and hopefully get answers to some of their questions."
Issues that will be discussed include:
The meeting is open to all interested parties and anyone requiring accommodations at the meeting should call Candace Roeder at Seniors First at 530-889-9500 ext. 203, by July 6 to make arrangements.


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Divas Do ACMon, May 13, 2013 - 8:00 PMSuperstar Theater at Resorts Atlantic City in Atlantic City, NJ
We are sorry, the date for this event has already passed. This event took place on 5/13/2013. Click here to view upcoming events for Divas Do AC.
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Erich: Memorable offscreen characters
Michael S.: 3D upgrades for old movies
Mike R: Flunkies with monosyllabic names
Dave: make a superhero team: horror icon, precocious sitcom kid, female protagonist from a Rom com,talking animal
Gabriel Girard wrote:Amy is a graphic artist so she could draw stuff that would then attack. or she could use her raspy voice and scream hurtful things at the enemy.
Gabriel Girard wrote:Alyssa Jones from Chasing Amy
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12 Awesome Toys Made in the USAby Erin Dower
Finding toys that aren't made in China or another faraway place can be tricky, so we've done some of the legwork for you. Check out this list of super-fun toys that are proudly made in the USA. Not only will you have the satisfaction of knowing you're supporting the U.S. economy — you'll also appreciate that the toys are more likely to meet and exceed product safety standards and be much more "green" in some cases, too.
1 of 13
Patriot Tricycle by Dirt King
Your youngster will love to show off his American spirit on this sturdy red, white, and blue trike! It's hand-welded by American workers from heavy duty 14- and 16-guage steel. Dirt King also offers tricycles in six solid colors, including the original red, which debuted in 1985. All of their products, including their wagons, are made in the USA.
Recommended age: 3 years and up


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Soda Blasting & PowdercoatingWritten by Eric Geisert on June 26, 2012 Building a great foundation
The media used in soda blasting, sodium bicarbonate, has been around forever, and its uses are widely varied. Not only is it the soothing ingredient found in mineral springs, but another form, baking soda, has many uses in the kitchen and around the house. When workers were trying to figure out what could be used to remove old material from the Statue of Liberty during its restoration back in the early '80s, a soda-based power spray not only removed the grime, but the soda was found to be essentially environmental friendly.
Over the past couple of decades, soda blasting has become popular with the automotive crowd because of its ease of use as well as spectacular results, but it was not without its rumors, most of which are unfounded. When STREET RODDER wanted to have a new build frame blasted before it was to be powdercoated, the magazine contacted Cal Blast in Upland, California. The De Albas, a father and son team both with the first name Albert, have owned Cal Blast for years, with Dad having spent the previous two decades in the automotive restoration and repair business.
Albert Sr. has several years experience in soda blasting, and finds it's the best way to give customers a clean and perfect surface before body and paintwork begins. There are only two real downsides to soda blasting, but Cal Blast has a good answer to both. Some folks don't know they have to wash the surface of their blasted item with soap and water after soda blasting due to the light film of slippery dust that is left, but most items going through Cal Blast have a secondary blast of copper shot, which removes any leftover soda media. Albert Sr. has heard stories about paint popping off material that had been blasted with soda, but he believes it was a problem with the prep and not getting all the dust off the item before it was primed. Soda blasting won't remove rust, either, but Cal Blast uses the copper shot after the soda just for that purpose, and it removes all rust. The result is not only a rust-free part, but the copper removes the leftover soda dust, too. And, to further help their clients, Cal Blast not only blasts products with both soda and copper, but it also offers priming services, so your project can sit around in your garage without any surface rust reappearing weeks later. Another advantage in blasting with soda is if you're working on a car body you can roll it into the booth with the glass and trim still on it and the soda won't harm either. And soda won't harm aluminum, steel, or fiberglass.
Over the years there have been many different types of blasting media used—each with its benefits and pitfalls. Blasting with sand is probably the most well known, and is also the most well-known for the damage it can cause when mishandled. The air pressure used to project the sand through a gun is high enough so when the media hits the metal, it generates heat, and the chances of warping large-panel areas (such as hoods, roofs, or doors) can be high. The dust generated with sand blasting can be hazardous to those working with it, too, though the material itself is fairly cheap to use. Other medias used in blasting, plastic chips (think ground-up Legos) and walnut shells (which can leave a natural oil on the surface), can be reused a few more times before they lose their paint-cutting qualities, and that might be the one downside to soda blasting: it can only be used once. As Albert Sr. likes to say: "It starts out like salt and ends up like flour."
But getting material off parts and pieces is only half the battle. The second part to a good foundation is what you do next with the parts. For years people have painted suspension parts, chassis, and wheels, but powdercoating these items is becoming more and more popular. Most folk's first encounter with powdercoating is the finish found on their lawn furniture—very strong and nearly impossible to get off. Back in the day, when powdercoating was first being used for automotive applications, you would find only basic colors. But times have changed, and now nearly any color in the rainbow can be custom mixed, and can come in flat, or semi- and high-gloss finishes. Wrinkle and hammer tone finishes are also available.
After this truck frame and miscellaneous trim pieces were soda and copper blasted at Cal Blast, they were delivered to Fusioncoat, a powdercoating company owned by Eddie Borges (of Eddie Marine/Motorsport fame) based in Rancho Cucamonga, California. Fusioncoat has been around since 1997 and they have coated everything from car wheels to suspension parts, engine parts and air cleaners, and everything else in between. And where anodizing is a plating process where a dye is added to create a color, powdercoating is accomplished by negatively grounding the item to be coated, then positively charging a powder media that gets shot through a gun at low pressure and, when it hits the negatively grounded part, the powder sticks. What's more, Fusioncoat can also do two-stage powdercoating that gives the finish a pearlized or candied appearance.
To start the process, parts are wired to an aluminum foil-wrapped rack. The foil is used for two reasons: conductivity, and ease of removal after being covered with overspray from the powdercoating. Fusioncoat's Toby Martinez, who has been powdercoating for more than 20 years, then fills a hopper with powdercoating media, which resembles colored baby powder.
He sprays the parts with the powdered media until everything has a light, even coat. From there the parts are put into a large baking oven, which is set at 400 degrees F. Depending on the thickness of the material coated, the parts and pieces will stay in the oven anywhere from 15 to 30 minutes and, after they are removed and cooled, have a perfectly even finish in the color and gloss level chosen. Plus chances are you'll dent the part before you'll ever be able to scratch or chip something that has been coated by Fusioncoat.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
Albert De Alba Jr. blasts a section of the truck frame with soda. The "moon suit" is mandatory—the dust from soda blasting will clog your lungs in moments without it.Albert Jr. works on the grille, and a close-up shows how clean the stripped metal becomes after the blasting.Albert Jr. works on the grille, and a close-up shows how clean the stripped metal becomes after the blasting.The fender braces get a blast, too. Soda blasting is so non-invasive it won't damage glass or stainless trim but it will take paint off right down to the metal in one pass.The process works because of conductivity. Part supports are wrapped in aluminum foil for two reasons: it's conductive to electricity, and it can be removed and replaced after every powder job.You don't need to do this on new parts, but on old parts Martinez applies a torch flame to cook and burn any grease or grime that might be leftover inside the frame.The powder booth at Fusioncoat is similar to a paint booth, with a draw-through air filter system at one end to gather excess powder floating in the air.
A clamp and wire allows the frame to be negatively grounded before the positively charged powder is shot toward it.Martinez adds a bit of satin black powder to the hopper. It has a consistency similar to talcum powder.Martinez works quickly but efficiently while working his way down the frame. It's similar to shooting paint, but you don't get any runs!Once the frame is coated with powder, it gets rolled into a massive oven and cured for 30 minutes at 400 degrees F. Time is less for items that are not as thick, as it doesn't take as long to heat up.Fusioncoat has a rainbow of colors to choose from when it comes to powdercoating. Finishes can be flat, satin, and high-gloss, and this truck chassis will be done in a satin black.Once the black is sprayed for the frame, Martinez has to use compressed air to clean every part of the delivery system (gun, hoses, canister) before the next color can be sprayed. It's just like painting: You don't want some unwanted color particle creeping into what you're doing next!A before and after section of the frame shows just how even the powdercoating lays down after curing, and the finish will outlast conventional painting by a wide margin.


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Reserve the best seat locations for the 2016 Texas Rangers season, plus guarantee the same great seat for Postseason baseball. Take advantage of one of the best benefits packages in sports, and enjoy exclusive season ticket holder events.
For questions on season tickets, please contact us at email@example.com or 972-RANGERS x3.
Mission October plan holders are guaranteed the same great seat in the Postseason. Additional benefits include:
Each season account will receive four (4) eVouchers per month that are redeemable for select 2016 games (excludes Grandstand Reserved accounts).Postseason
Each season account is guaranteed the same great seat for every Postseason game played at Globe Life Park.
Can't make it out to a game? No problem, as a season ticket holder you will be able to exchange tickets up to 24 hours prior to the start of the game for tickets of similar value at no charge. Additionally, unused tickets for games already played may be exchanged for Upper Reserved tickets for $1 per ticket. All advanced and unused ticket exchanges can only be exchanged once for most Sunday-Thursday 2016 regular season home games.
*Restrictions apply. Excludes April 4, April 25 - 27, May 15, June 26, and October 2.
*Restrictions apply
After the 2016 season, grab a friend and head out to the field at Globe Life Park for a Play Day. Alongside Rangers Alumni, catch fly balls, hit in the batting cage, and learn to pitch and hit.
*Subject to field availability
You and a guest are invited to participate in one Catch on the Field event before select Saturday and Sunday games.Season Ticket Holder Parade
Participate in a parade around the warning track before the last home game of the regular season as we recognize your status of season ticket holder.
AT&T Season Ticket Holder Services Area
As a season ticket holder you are guaranteed exclusive access to this climate-controlled area where you will find dedicated staff ready to assist you with the following:
Capital One Club
Full and half season ticket holders with seats in VIP and Premium Home Plate, Premium Home Plate, Premium Dugout, VIP Infield, and Long-Term Suites have access to this limited-access, climate-controlled area. Enjoy some of the best sightlines in baseball and a full buffet from the time gates open through the third inning. At the start of the 4th inning, full and half season ticket holders with seats in Lower Infield, Lexus Club Infield, and Lexus Club Box will have access to the club as well.
Jack Daniel's Lounge
Enjoy this exclusive, climate-controlled space with multiple bar areas, buffet for purchase, great views and more.
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RAGE, id Software's post apocalyptic shooter, can be played for free this weekend on Steam, and if you want to own it forever you can grab it for just $4.99. You have until Sunday at 1:00 PM Pacific time to play it for free, and the sale runs until Monday. If you already own RAGE on Steam, you can get The scorchers DLC for $1.24 as part of the sale.
I played a couple of hours of RAGE with a friend on his Xbox 360 a few years ago, and I wasn't that impressed with it. It does look really pretty though, and it's hard to pass on games for five bucks. I'll most likely just check it out over the free weekend to see how it is on the PC.... read more


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Cottage Grove Speedway To End Bully Dog Performance Speedweek Northwest
By Ben Deatherage
(Photo Courtesy of Hull Family Photography)
Cottage Grove, Oregon- For the first time ever in the history of the Bully Dog Performance Speedweek Northwest presented by Contingency Connection the grueling series will come to a close at the Cottage Grove Speedway. The ¼-mile clay oval will be visited by the always entertaining American Sprint Car Series-Northwest Region on Friday July 5th and Saturday the 6th.
"Cottage Grove is a wonderful facility for fans who haven't visited before," commented Brian Crockett, Series Director for ASCS-Northwest, "it's a 1/4-mile bullring that is always full of action and breathtaking moments. When these cars get into lapped traffic it will amaze you every time."
There have been fifteen total Bully Dog Performance Speedweek Northwest events at "The Grove" with eight different winners being produced. Roger Crockett and Brent Kaeding are tied for most wins with one another at three apiece. Last year's winner Shane Stewart has won twice while drivers with just a single triumph include Jason Solwold, Brad Furr, Jesse Hockett, and Wayne Johnson.
The American Sprint Car Series-Northwest Region has made seventeen visits to CGS since 2008. Seven different drivers have emerged victorious with Roger Crockett leading the list with seven wins, including the June 1st event this year, and Jason Johnson at four. Shane Stewart has two series wins at the 1/4-mile and is joined by Jesse Hockett, Henry Van Dam, Brady Bacon, and Wayne Johnson with just one visit to the winner's circle.
For both days the pit gates open at 2:00 PM, front gates 4:00, time trials 5:30, and racing stats around 6:45. Admission prices for both nights are Adults $17.00, Seniors/Military/Juniors (13-17) $13.00, Youths (6-12) $7.00, 5 and Under FREE, Family Pass (Two Adults and Up To Four Youths) $40.00 and a two-day will be offered for $30.00.
In the last fifteen editions of Bully Dog Performance Speedweek Northwest there have been nine different champions. Steve Kent has the most, with four titles, while Roger Crockett has three and Brent Kaeding with two. Six drivers have won the entire kit and caboodle just once which is a very impressive list of winners. That list includes Brad Furr, Jesse Hockett, Bud Kaeding, Kyle Larson, Shane Stewart, and the 2012 victor Mitch Olson.
Bully Dog Performance is the industry leader in developing full-featured aftermarket enhancements for an unprecedented number of vehicle applications. Founded in 1999 and guided by the idea that every vehicle possesses untapped potential, Bully Dog equips gas, diesel and heavy duty drivers with the tools to unlock their rides' potential power and economy gains. Visit them online at www.bullydog.com
The American Sprint Car Series-Northwest Region is the western most arm of the American Sprint Car Series sanctioning body located in the Pacific Northwest the series hosts 360 Sprint Car racing on dirt tracks throughout Oregon and Washington from May to September. For more information on the latest news and stories about the series log onto their website at www.ascsnorthwest.com or www.ascsracing.com.
2013 Bully Dog Performance Speedweek Northwest presented by Contingency Connection Schedule:
June 28th Grays Harbor Raceway Elma, Washington
June 29th Grays Harbor Raceway Elma, Washington
July 1st Southern Oregon Speedway White City, Oregon
July 2nd Coos Bay Speedway Coos Bay, Oregon
July 3rd Willamette Speedway Lebanon, Oregon
July 5th Cottage Grove Speedway Cottage Grove, Oregon
July 6th Cottage Grove Speedway Cottage Grove, Oregon
Past Bully Dog Performance Speedweek Northwest Champions:
2012- Mitch Olson
2011- Kyle Larson
2010- Roger Crockett
2009- Jesse Hockett
2008- Roger Crockett
2007- Shane Stewart
2006- Steve Kent
2005- Brent Kaeding
2004- Brent Kaeding
2003- Roger Crockett
2002- Steve Kent
2001- Steve Kent
2000- Steve Kent
1999- Brad Furr
1998- Bud Kaeding
Past Speedweek Northwest Winners At Cottage Grove Speedway:
2012- Shane Stewart on July 18th
2011- Wayne Johnson on July 13th
2009- Jesse Hockett on July 14th
2008- Roger Crockett on July 15th
2007- Shane Stewart on July 24th
2006- Danny Horner on July 25th
2005- Brent Kaeding on July 12th
2004- Roger Crockett on July 13th
2003- Roger Crockett on July 15th
2002- Brent Kaeding on July 16th
2000- Brent Kaeding on July 18th
1999- Brad Furr on July 20th
1998- Jason Solwold on June 9th
Past ASCS-Northwest Region Winners At Cottage Grove Speedway:
2013- Roger Crockett on June 1st
2012- Shane Stewart on July 18th
2011- Roger Crockett on May 13th, Roger Crockett on May 14th, Wayne Johnson on July 13th, Jason Johnson on July 22nd*, Jason Johnson on July 23rd*, Henry Van Dam on September 17th
2010- Roger Crockett on July 3rd, Roger Crockett on July 4th, Jason Johnson on July 23rd*, Brady Bacon July 24th*
2009- Jesse Hockett on July 14th, Shane Stewart on July 24th*, Jason Johnson on July 25th*, Roger Crockett on August 11th
2008- Roger Crockett on July 15th
*- Denotes ASCS-National Tour vs. Northwest Region events
Driven by MyRacePassTM
Cottage Grove Speedway | All rights reserved


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Hybrid View
6 Mar 2012 5:38 AM #1
Ext GWT 3.0 Beta 4 and Grid issues
I upgraded to beta 4 from 3 yesterday, as per previous upgrades everything went smoothly. However, i noticed a number of issues with the grids. I have grids with expanded columns, which nest another grid (btw this should be an inbuilt feature). The expand buttons disappear on expansion, so i cannot see the 'minus' icon.
If i have several rows and i select a row before an expanded item, it works fine. but if i select an item after the expanded row, it selects the one above it. So if i have 5 expanded items above the item i select, the row 5 items before the one i select is selected.
Also i notices that the performance was terrible, it almost seems like the code has regressed. I understand that the appearance pattern was applied to the grids, but they didn't look as sharp.
As of now i reverted back to Beta 3 but it doesn't inspire confidence.
6 Mar 2012 9:32 AM #2
Can you post some sample code that shows how you are nesting the grids? This should be a single class that implements EntryPoint that we can run.
We will look into the performance of the code. The changes to the grid DOM dom appearance should be improving performance, not reducing. Out tests have shown this to be true. However, there could be problems with the row expander (different markup) and / or the nested grids.
If you can provide the test case we will look into both issues.
12 Mar 2012 5:54 AM #3
What i do (and i am sure you might have a better way of doing this) is:
1) create the nested grid by getting inner html:
public void configureExpanderColumn() {
final List<ColumnConfig> columns = configureExpandableColumns();
IdentityValueProvider<Object> identity = new IdentityValueProvider<Object>();
rowExpander = new ManualRowExpander<Object>(identity, new AbstractCell<Object>() {
public void render(Context context, Object value, SafeHtmlBuilder sb) {
Log.debug("Expand", value.getClass().getName());
AttachableGrid grid = createInnerGrid(getModelKeyProvider(), columns, value);
where ManualRowExpander is:
public class ManualRowExpander<M> extends RowExpander<M> {
public ManualRowExpander(IdentityValueProvider<M> valueProvider,
Cell<M> contentCell) {
super(valueProvider, contentCell);
public void manuallyExpandRow(XElement row) {
note, i subclass the grid class so that i can make onAttach() public, i couldn't find a better way to do this.
2) I add a refresh handler to the grid, so that everytime the grid is refreshed/update i keep the state of those rows that have been expanded.
grid.addRefreshHandler(new RefreshHandler() {
public void onRefresh(RefreshEvent event) {
//rexpand column in column list
List items = grid.getStore().getAll();
for (String key : expandedItems) {
for (int i=0; i < items.size(); i++)
Object item = items.get(i);
boolean match = match(key, item);
if(match) {
Element elem = grid.getView().getRow(i);
ManualRowExpander rowExpander = getRowExpander();
16 Apr 2012 2:33 PM #4
I have upgraded to rc2. I realized that the issue that i see with selecting a row after an expanded row with a nested grid is due to the following:
In GridBaseAppearance:
public NodeList<Element> getRows(XElement parent) {
return DomQuery.select("." + style.row(), parent);
So if i have a grid with 10 rows, if i expand a row, it returns 11 rows (including the expanded one). How can i fix this? Or is there a better easier way to do nested expanded grids?


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KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) -- The Kansas City Royals have slowly and methodically allowed their top prospects to climb through their farm system in recent years, piecing together a team they believe can compete in the wide-open American League Central.
All that's been missing has been the pitching.
They dipped into the farm system to solve that problem, too.
The Royals sent top prospects Wil Myers and Jake Odorizzi along with two other minor leaguers to the Tampa Bay Rays on Sunday night for former All-Star James Shields and fellow right-hander Wade Davis, making an aggressive move to bolster a rotation that was one of the worst in the major leagues last season.
''We have to start winning games at the major league level, and the way you develop a winning culture is by winning major league games,'' Royals general manager Dayton Moore said. ''It's time for us to start winning at the major league level.''
Kansas City, which hasn't had a winning season since 2003, has long had one of the best farm systems in baseball, and slowly the cream has risen to the big league level - first baseman Eric Hosmer, shortstop Alcides Escobar, third baseman Mike Moustakas and catcher Salvador Perez form a fine nucleus. But there's been a dearth of starting pitching for years, and that's what Moore and the rest of the front office have been trying to fix this offseason.
He's already re-signed Jeremy Guthrie to a $25 million, three-year deal, and took on former All-Star Ervin Santana and $12 million of his contract from the Angels. But the trade for Shields and Davis is Moore's most aggressive move yet, giving Kansas City the ace it has been lacking since trading away Zack Greinke, along with another piece that could fit in the rotation or the bullpen.
''When you can acquire a pitcher like James Shields and Wade Davis, we have to do it, because that's what we've committed to our team - we've committed to our organization,'' Moore said. ''It's important that we start winning games.''
Along with giving up Myers, an outfielder widely voted the minor leagues' top player last season, the Royals also traded away Odorizzi, a talented right-hander who should soon compete for a spot in the Rays' rotation. Left-hander Mike Montgomery and third baseman Patrick Leonard also are headed to the Rays, while the Royals will receive a player to be named or cash.
''We're constantly working to balance the present and the future, and always trying to thread the needle,'' Rays executive vice president of baseball operations Andrew Friedman said. ''As an organization we rely more on the contributions of our young players basically than anyone else in baseball, and with this trade we're hoping to replenish our system and add a lot of players we feel can help us sustain this run of success that we've had for the last five years.''
Shields, who turns 31 this month, has been a stalwart in the Tampa Bay rotation the past seven seasons. He was an All-Star two years ago, when he went 16-12 with a 2.82 ERA and finished third in the American League Cy Young Award voting, and was 15-10 with a 3.52 ERA in 33 starts last season, when he pitched 227 2-3 innings - his sixth consecutive year of at least 200 innings pitched.
The only other pitchers to log at least 200 innings in six straight seasons are the Jays' Mark Buehrle, San Francisco's Matt Cain, Yankees left-hander CC Sabathia and the Tigers ace Justin Verlander.
''If you're going to win consistently in the major leagues, you're going to need a rotation that gives you innings, competes, helps you win,'' Moore said. ''That's what our goal is, to put together a very good rotation. We feel we've done that.''
Shields is due to receive $10.5 million this season. He has a club option for $12 million in 2014 with a $1 million buyout.
The Royals suddenly have a glut of starting pitchers with Shields, Santana and Guthrie joined by Bruce Chen and Luis Mendoza, who are expected back from last year. Luke Hochevar is eligible for arbitration, while Danny Duffy and Felipe Paulino will return at some point during the middle of the season after having Tommy John surgery.
Davis also could be thrown into the mix.
The right-hander started 64 games for Tampa Bay from 2009-11, but he was shuttled to the bullpen last season when the Rays had an abundance of starters. He flourished as a reliever, going 3-0 with a 2.43 ERA, creating some flexibility for him in Kansas City.
Davis is due to make $2.8 million this season and $4.8 million in 2014, with the Royals holding options on the next three years.
The jewel of the deal for Tampa Bay is undoubtedly Myers, who turns 22 on Monday.
The power-hitting outfielder batted .314 with 37 homers and 109 RBIs in 134 games at Northwest Arkansas and Triple-A Omaha, and eventually could help provide some protection in the batting order for Rays star Evan Longoria. Myers showed what he could do during the All-Star Futures Game hosted by Kansas City, when he had a pair of hits and drove in three runs at Kauffman Stadium.
He'll finally get a chance to prove it at the major league level at Tropicana Field.
Odorizzi was 15-5 with a 3.03 ERA for Northwest Arkansas and Omaha, and made two late-season starts for Kansas City, going 0-1 with a 4.91 ERA in 7 1-3 innings. Montgomery was once considered one of the Royals' top prospects, but his stock slid last season, when he went 5-13 with a 6.07 ERA last season while getting demoted from Omaha to Northwest Arkansas.
Leonard hit .251 with 14 homers and 46 RBIs in 62 games for short-season Burlington.
''We're excited to add these guys, anxious to get to know them beyond the information we have on them,'' Friedman said. ''I think it's very possible that Wil Myers and Jake Odorizzi will help us win games in 2013, and Mike Montgomery as well.''
Royals Release:
KANSAS CITY, MO (December 9, 2012) – The Kansas City Royals Sunday acquired right-handed starting pitchers James Shields and Wade Davis and a player to be named or cash considerations from the Tampa Bay Rays in exchange for minor league outfielder Wil Myers, right-handed pitcher Jake Odorizzi, left-handed pitcher Mike Montgomery and third baseman Patrick Leonard.
Shields, who will turn 31 on December 20, has established himself as one of the premier pitchers in the American League. He followed up an All-Star campaign in 2011, in which posted a 16-12 record with a 2.82 ERA and finished third in the A.L. Cy Young voting, by posting a 15-10 record with a 3.52 ERA in 33 starts with Tampa Bay last season. In 227.2 innings, Shields allowed 208 hits, walked 58 and struck out 223, just two shy of his career best set in 2011 and the third-most in the league. Shields is joined by the Mariners' Felix Hernandez, the Dodgers' Clayton Kershaw and the Tigers' Justin Verlander as the only four pitchers in baseball to record at least 220 strikeouts in the last two seasons.
The 6-foot-4, 215-pound right-hander has compiled an 87-73 career record with a 3.89 ERA in 218 games (217 starts) all for the Rays since making his debut in 2006. Since tossing 124.2 innings in 21 starts during his rookie campaign, Shields has won at least 11 games, made at least 31 starts and topped the 200-inning mark in six straight seasons. He joins the Jays' Mark Buehrle, the Giants' Matt Cain, the Yankees' CC Sabathia and Verlander as the only five pitchers in baseball to post at least 200 innings in six straight seasons. In 2011, his 11 complete games were the most by a Major League pitcher since Arizona's Randy Johnson had 12 in 1999.
Shields and his wife, Ryane, reside in Clearwater, Fla., with their two daughters. The couple is active with a number of charities specifically geared toward foster children and James was the Rays recipient of the Roberto Clemente Award in 2009, 2010 and 2011.
The 27-year-old Davis made a combined 64 starts for the Rays from 2009 to 2011 before pitching exclusively in the bullpen for Tampa Bay in 2012. He went 3-0 with a 2.43 ERA last season, allowing 48 hits and 29 walks with 87 strikeouts in 70.1 innings. The 6-foot-5, 225-pounder made 29 starts in both 2010 and 2011 and finished fourth in the American League Rookie of the Year voting after posting a 12-10 record with a 4.07 ERA in 2010. Davis is 28-22 with a 3.94 ERA in 118 career outings, including 64 starts. He is 25-22 in his career as a starter with a 4.22 ERA, including an 8-2 mark with a 3.38 ERA in 30 games (18 starts) against A.L. Central foes.
Davis and his wife, Katelyn, reside in Lake Wales, Fla. Davis organized the Full Count Foundation to help children who are at risk or have special needs or chronic illnesses.
Myers, who will turn 22 on December 10, was the 2012 Baseball America, USA Today and Topps Minor League Baseball Player of the Year after hitting a combined .314 with 37 home runs and 109 RBI in 134 games for Northwest Arkansas (AA) and Omaha (AAA). He was the Royals' third round selection in the 2009 June Free Agent Draft.
The 22-year-old Odorizzi went 15-5 with a 3.03 ERA in 26 outings (25 starts) for Northwest Arkansas and Omaha in 2012 before making two starts for the Royals in September, going 0-1. He was acquired by Kansas City in a six-player trade with the Milwaukee Brewers on December 19, 2012.
Montgomery, 23, split his season between Omaha and Northwest Arkansas, posting a 5-12 record with a 6.07 ERA in 27 starts. He was the Royals' supplemental first round selection (36th overall) in 2008.
The 20-year-old Leonard batted .251 with 14 home runs and 46 RBI in 62 games for Burlington (R) in 2012. He was the club's fifth-round pick in the 2011 Draft.


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Raising Children Free of Prejudice
2 of 9
Parenting in Families of Color
Families of color have an especially difficult job. They must raise their children to be free of prejudice while helping them to develop a positive identity in the face of prejudice. A family lifestyle that reflects confidence and self-respect is the key ingredient here.
Parents who show their children a sense of their pride in ordinary day-to-day living -- without shielding their children from racial realities -- have an easier task. Whether a family is Latino or Asian American, African American,or Native American, its kids' books, dolls, and other toys should be multiracial. Children of color, like white children, should have toys to play with that reflect all races and ethnicities, including their own.
In the same way, a child's questions about racial and ethnic differences need to be handled with a calm understanding of what the child is really asking. When a six-year-old calls his skin color "dirty" and wonders why it doesn't wash off, he isn't developing a "negative identity." He's looking for an explanation of the differences he's noticed as a normal, curious child. He needs a simple, supportive explanation, such as, "People have different skin colors -- brown, white, black, yellow -- and you have a pretty brown color like Mommy and Daddy. It isn't dirty, and it doesn't wash off."
Next: Coping with Prejudice
More on: Diversity Awareness


text:
WAC Lighting LED-RL-15-AM Amber 15ft. LED Rope Light Kit
Offer Ends
We still have product details, accessories, replacement parts and reviews below, scroll down to see them!
Technical Specs
WAC Lighting LED-RL-15 15' LED Rope Light Kit
Easy to install; mounting clips included for all Rope Light Kits only.
Includes 6 foot Cord and Plug, Female End Cap and Mounting Clips.
- Low Profile at 1/2" x 7/16".
- LEDs spaced at even 1 inch intervals.
- Average life of 50,000 hours.
- Dimmable.
- Sections may be interconnected up to 150 feet.
- Waterproof and UV resistant.
- Directly connects to a 120V AC power supply.
- Length: 15'
Additional WAC Lighting Links
Our SKU: LED-RL-15
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
- Amber*
- Blue*
- Green*
- Red*
- White*
*Denotes a finish or option that has been discontinued
3 Questions from the Community
The WAC Lighting LED-RL-15 is actually compatible with standard dimmers as well. WAC does not sell dimmers, but Lutron dimmers are compatible.
What dimmer should I buy for (3) to (4) connected 15' ropes?
A. The WAC Lighting LED-RL-15 is actually compatible with standard dimmers as well. WAC does not sell dimmers, but Lutron dimmers are compatible.
The WAC Lighting LED-RL-15 has a cool white light.
Are the white lights warm or cool white?
A. The WAC Lighting LED-RL-15 has a cool white light.
The WAC Lighting LED-RL-15 does come with a 6 foot cable and plug.
Do these plug into an outlet ?
A. The WAC Lighting LED-RL-15 does come with a 6 foot cable and plug.
Warranty Info
If a product is defective, WAC's obligation is expressly limited to repair or replacement, without charge, at WAC's factory after prior written return authorization has been granted. WAC's obligation under this warranty shall not extend beyond the distributor's initial purchase price of the product and accordingly any consequential damages or labor costs arising out of a defect are expressly excluded.
This warranty shall not apply to products that have been altered, improperly installed, mishandled or misused. Notice of a defect in writing must be received by WAC within five (5) years from the date of purchase.
Excluded from the five (5) year warranty are all light bulbs, which are warranted to perform satisfactorily to the industry standard burning hours rating, but in no event shall such warranty exceed five (5) years from the date an account purchases product that includes light bulbs from WAC. Also excluded from the five (5) year warranty are the HID and Fluorescent ballasts, which have a warranty from the manufacturer of the ballast and WAC will not accept any responsibility or liability on the ballasts whatsoever. THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE DESCRIPTION ON THE FACE HEREOF INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


text:
Subsidized chutzpah
If you're looking for a definition of the word "chutzpah," you need look no further than the Metro-North riders who complained the commuter railway neglected their needs and concerns.
Feb. 8 and 9, as some readers will recall, a blizzard of historic proportions struck Connecticut. Public services and private lives were disrupted in a big way. Metro-North's operations were disrupted, too.
Read more of this story and more!
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Follow Us
Jim G wrote on Feb 20, 2013 10:18 AM:
" An interesting argument……..the service provider does little to increase its base or ridership and then complains that the cost to provide the service is too high...In 2008, an additional morning train was added and ridership spiked by 140,000 riders over the next 18 months. If they added better service times in the afternoon, one would think the same logic applies....more riders equals less subsidy... "
rjccommuter wrote on Feb 20, 2013 11:23 AM:
" Higher Fares are coming along with expanded service. The old AT&T building is slated to be demolished soon. I also heard that the Waterbury Train Station is going to be expanded into where the old station was. I wonder if CDOT has any tenants in there? "
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text:
Contact CADE
The Center for Advanced Dental Education's office hours are 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday. All patients must have an appointment and endodontic and periodontic services must be referred by their general dentist.
We can be reached at 314-977-8363.
The Center for Advanced Dental Education at Saint Louis University is located at 3320 Rutger Street, St. Louis, MO 63104. (Get driving directions and parking information.)
CADE Leadership
|Executive Director: John F. Hatton, DMD
|Program Director
John F. Hatton, DMD
|Program Director
Rolf G. Behrents, DDS, MS, PhD
|Program Director
D. Douglas Miley, DMD, MSD


text:
Hearty Chili Recipes (Slide 16)
Soooooooooo good!!!! I can't wait to make it again!
— phlavini
10/19/2010 - 4:25pm
This was absolutely delicious, perfect for people that like a little spice. To help save on calories I used a jar of green salsa and 97% fat free ground turkey. You can add a little more cayenne pepper to increase the intensity of heat (which I did) or decrease if you cannot tolerated spicy foods. This is definitely my new Chili recipe!!
— kidnurse2004
10/24/2010 - 3:24pm
They all seem to be very creative recipes, They are all very tame and some I am sure very tasty, but being a Texan and one whom takes special pride in the preparation of not only Chili but most southern, carnivorous flame cooked staples. My suggestion would be to venture beyond the canned food isle and go to the butcher shop, the produce department and spice isle and create your own blend. Food is so much better when you create it yourself. The best part is that if it is good you may never be able to duplicate it again and if it is bad you know what not to do next time.
— Anonymous
01/31/2012 - 2:28am
Excellent! I added a can of mashed beans to thicken the soup and an extra teaspoon of cumin.
— violetmbloom
11/13/2012 - 9:30pm
This is amazing chili. The spice from the chiles is perfect at 1/2 the amount. Add a tiny bit more brown sugar and you actually feel like eating this as a snack! HUGE hit with non-vegan eaters too.
— Anonymous
06/13/2013 - 11:27pm
Don't tantalize me with the promise of a recipe and then not show it. Do I have to subscribe to your magazine, and "sign in" before the recipe becomes visible? The notice came in my Emails; I clicked on it to see the "18 best chili recipes" and lo, and behold, no recipes. Just a bit miffed.
— Anonymous
09/17/2013 - 10:38pm