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ATC as a career
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Topic: ATC as a career (Read 56021 times)
Jr. Member
Posts: 66
ATC as a career
October 16, 2008, 07:29:48 PM »
I've decided its time for a change and I'd like to get some more information about becoming an ATC. I've gotten to the point that I'm so infatuated with ATC that I can just sit for hours and listen. I'm a passionate type of person that
to enjoy their work otherwise I become bored and uninterested, which then leads to frustration. I definitely feel that way about ATC; I know exacly what I want to do and where. I want, with the utmost amount of determination, to be a local controller at JFK.
The thing I don't seem to understand is why the FAA seems to make it so undesirable to change careers into ATC. It might be alright for young people right out of school who haven't yet acquired any assets, but I've got a house, a wife, and a family in the next 3-5 years to consider. I'm young, motivated, hard-working, smart (enough), and feel truly passionate about becoming a controller. I know how bad the FAA needs controllers but it doesn't seem like they're doing enough to attract them. I'm not expecting handouts and pro-athlete sign-on bonuses, but making enough to at least cover the cost of bills while I go through training would be great. Maybe things have changed recently, but I find it a bit frustrating.
I'd like to know a few things:
1.) For those of you who are controllers or can provide insight, what do you recommend to someone in my position?
2.) I've already done the school thing and would really prefer not to have to go back to school to get a degree in air traffic management or whatever it is. Without a degree or some kind of training, what is the likelihood that I can pass the ATC assessment to get to Oklahoma City?
3.) What exactly is the process that I would have to go through from where I am now to get up to the tower at JFK?
4.) Can I get a tour of a control tower? If so, what would be the best way to go about arranging that?
5.) What are some good websites or phone numbers where I can get more information?
I'm sure I'll think of more questions, but for now I'd just appreciate any help at all that you can provide. Feel free to contact me with a PM if necessary. Many Thanks!
Best Regards,
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #1 on:
October 19, 2008, 05:37:29 AM »
all links wfs:
Last Edit: October 19, 2008, 06:15:58 AM by drFinal
Posts: 1
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #2 on:
October 25, 2008, 06:04:51 PM »
I feel you pain Evilcuban I wanted to be a pilot since I can remember, I even had the F14's blanket and pillow cases when little (4 to 11) went to the airforce academy in my country Peru but my family moved to NY so I couldn't continue on, now I'm 28 years old car salesman I make about 100k a year and I have a mortgage car payment and a fiance, but if someone gives me the chance to get on the program and still be able to pay my bills...I would be so in, even if I have to work 20 hour shifts I would be the hapiest pilot or traffic controler, I forgat to mention that with years of practice with sims, extensive research and talking to one of my costumers that happens to be an ATC in Austin, I developed the love for ATC as a carrier.
Jr. Member
Posts: 66
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #3 on:
November 04, 2008, 03:01:38 PM »
drFinal, thanks for the reply. I looked over those websites. What do you think the actual likelihood of me passing the AT-SAT is if I apply and get an opportunity to take it? I think I'm just a bit confused on CTI school vs. just taking the test. If the test is so hard that you need a degree to take it, it doesn't seem to make sense that they'd offer it to the public. On the flip side, if you don't ned a degree to take it why do people go get one?
Are there any courses, study guides, or materials that I could review to help preprare for the test? Is it possible to pass the test without having all of the CTI training?
Also in regards to working in N90, specifically JFK, what is the likelihood that I'd be able to get into a place like that? I talked to someone (a pilot based at an N90 airport, so his information wouldn't be totally accurate) who said it was seniority based. I understand JFK is a challenging and busy airport to work at.
Look at the NATCA site, it doesn't seem like NATCA and the FAA get along too well. Anything to keep in mind about that?
Many thanks!
Posts: 23
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #4 on:
November 04, 2008, 06:42:39 PM »
not getting along too well would be an understatement, since right now all the controllers are working under imposed work rules and don't have a contract.
As far as taking the AT-SAT and cti schools. The reason so many people are getting a degree and paying all this money for the schooling is beacuse up until Dec 07 i believe, the FAA said the only two ways to get a job were through CTI schooling or through the military.
Now with the non-tract in place and all the old timers retiring, not to mention all the CTI people who are quitting due to extremely low pay; the FAA has opened the doors to try and get more people hired.
So if I was you, I'd go sign up for the AT-SAT and take the test. You don't need any aviation background to pass, let alone get a perfect score on the test.
Once you get your foot in the door, decline as many offers as you want until they send you someplace you like, because you'll most likely be there for a while.
Jr. Member
Posts: 66
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #5 on:
November 04, 2008, 08:05:29 PM »
hahaha, oreotsi the first three are so inspiring I'll sign up right now!
No seriously, though, I appreciate a realistic perspective. I've heard similar things from my dad's cousin, an enroute controller with >24 years of experience. Is ATC a profession you'd recommend entering now, then?
Do you think the field has significantly changed in the last, say, 5 years? I saw what the jobs posted pay and it isn't very good.
Any other advice?
I saw several study guides, some on Amazon.com and one here
. I also read on a thread somewhere (I think it was a yahoo message board) that Sportys.com had an AT-SAT study guide, but I went there and couldn't find it. Here are the ones at Amazon, looks like some of them are ASA guides:
I wouldn't be sure which one to choose, although I'd probably go with any one of the books from Amazon over the online guide, even though the online guide seems to be ok.
A few more questions, too. I'm not doing this for the money, but I did see what the salary was on the posted terminal ATC position. Is that a base salary (~$33000/year) that is subject to change depending on the facility? I can't imagine I'd make the same at JFK as I would at a local Class D facility here in Cleveland (BKL)? Wouldn't seem to make sense...
Does anyone have any idea how long it would take from application to the AT-SAT test? The posted jobs don't say when the posting will close (edit: yes they do, must have been blind before) so it's hard to know, for example, if the position will be posted for another 2-4 weeks and then I could expect another 4-8 weeks after to be able to take the test.
Will I actually get selected to take the test? I haven't applied yet but I don't really understand what would prevent me from getting selected.
Once I pass the AT-SAT, will I get offers for the facility first, THEN go to Oklahoma City? This is the impression I got, but again I couldn't seem to confirm it anywhere. This is when I would accept or decline offers for the facility that I want I take it.
Can anyone hazard a guess at the overall timeframe from when I complete my application to when I'd head to OKC for the FAA training?
Thanks all!
Last Edit: November 07, 2008, 12:19:38 PM by evilcuban
Posts: 35
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #6 on:
November 09, 2008, 06:34:00 AM »
I've decided its time for a change and I'd like to get some more information about becoming an ATC. I've gotten to the point that I'm so infatuated with ATC that I can just sit for hours and listen. I'm a passionate type of person that has to enjoy their work otherwise I become bored and uninterested, which then leads to frustration. I definitely feel that way about ATC; I know exactly what I want to do and where. I want, with the utmost amount of determination, to be a local controller at JFK.
The thing I don't seem to understand is why the FAA seems to make it so undesirable to change careers into ATC. It might be alright for young people right out of school who haven't yet acquired any assets, but I've got a house, a wife, and a family in the next 3-5 years to consider. I'm young, motivated, hard-working, smart (enough), and feel truly passionate about becoming a controller. I know how bad the FAA needs controllers but it doesn't seem like they're doing enough to attract them. I'm not expecting handouts and pro-athlete sign-on bonuses, but making enough to at least cover the cost of bills while I go through training would be great. Maybe things have changed recently, but I find it a bit frustrating.
If you are frustrated with the FAA now, maybe you should consider that BEFORE working for them. As far as the job, it is the greatest job in the world. In ATC you must be self motivated, passionate and focused. Yes, YOU MUST THINK QUITE HIGHLY OF YOURSELF. It is the way we are.
From what I have seen in the hiring policies lately, your location when you are hired does not come into play when you are placed in a facility. Recent arrivals to my facility are from all over the country, only one could be considered "local" and that person had to practically quit to get a transferred to be here.
I'd like to know a few things:
1.) For those of you who are controllers or can provide insight, what do you recommend to someone in my position?
David, I figured I reply here since there are others also interested in ATC. First of all before we go any further, ARE YOU UNDER the age of 31? New hires must be in their first facility before they attain the age of 31. There is some exceptions, one is RMC placement (retired military) but that is another box of worms and limitations. Now .. I am assuming you meet the age restriction so I will go on.
2.) I've already done the school thing and would really prefer not to have to go back to school to get a degree in air traffic management or whatever it is. Without a degree or some kind of training, what is the likelihood that I can pass the ATC assessment to get to Oklahoma City?
CTI is no longer required to apply. Many CTI schools do not have anything more than a few courses that qualify them as a CTI school. (You'd get more in a pilot ground school course). In fact "off the street" hiring appears to be the way they (FAA) are going for a while. The most recent arrivals to my facility, were VRA (Veterans readjustment Act) RMC (Retired military Controller) CTI and off the street, 1 out of 10 were CTI.
Study Guides, I guess they are out there. I know years ago there were 2 and didn't cost very much..now $$$ There was a applicant recently here for their interview who arrive for the AT-SAT and did not know that there were study guides. The score that person got was 100%.
3.) What exactly is the process that I would have to go through from where I am now to get up to the tower at JFK?
4.) Can I get a tour of a control tower? If so, what would be the best way to go about arranging that?
Tours are available but the restrictions are based on the facility and security level at the time. Give them a call and explain your interest. Request to meet with the manager. Many of the managers are being used for the PEPSI (not sure what that means but it is something like - Pre Employment Screening..) That person should be able to provide the information you need. If you need a phone number send me a PM.
5.) What are some good websites or phone numbers where I can get more information?
Good Luck....
Posts: 2
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #7 on:
November 20, 2008, 01:12:09 PM »
After a 25 year career as a controller I can offer two thoughts about the job.
1. ATC was a wonderfull and very rewarding profession.
2. The FAA is by far one of the worst employers you could ever work for!
After the FAA threw the contract in the trash they went into a self destruct mode. They intentionally drove out the "old timers" with their imposed workrules. Now many of us are getting emails and calls to come back to work part time. This alone indicates that FAA management is truly like a rudderless ship. I don't mean to discourage any of you considering the profession.... just be prepared to deal with some very inept and spitefull management!
Sr. Member
Posts: 367
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #8 on:
November 30, 2008, 01:33:07 PM »
A very interesting post, for sure. As a recent CTI graduate, I must say that if I applied off the street, I would have washed out, early. After graduating, I now feel prepared and informed and I know what to expect at Oklahoma City when I go for training.
As for the FAA, I agree that they are a horrible employer, especially after talking to retired controllers. Looking at your post, I do see that you have a place in mind (JFK Tower) and while that is great (you'll never be bored) realistically, they run lots of traffic daily and starting new there will be extremely stressful and overwhelming.
First off, there are a few ways to get into the FAA as a controller: You can have recent military experience or be a veteran, graduate a CTI school OR apply off the street. You must, of course, wait for the application to become available to do such and as of right now, there is no current public application open at this time. Personally, I will say that going to a CTI school has many benefits and yes, you will learn MORE than a Private Pilot ground course (the schools DO teach you, especially if you do your homework and go to the right school). Having some sort of training through a CTI school is a large benefit to you, especially after you graduate. As long as you meet all of their requirements (basically, maintaining an 80% or better in all of the required classes), they recommend you to the FAA (in other words, your name is placed on the FAA's Direct Hire list). Once an application for CTI graduates open, you simply apply and wait for a phone call or e-mail. Most CTI grads are sent to Oklahoma City and most make it through.
As for the AT-SAT, this is tricky. Not so much the test itself, but actually signing up to take it. Since I went through a CTI school, I didn't have to do much at all; the school sent my name to the FAA stating that I could take the test and when one was available in the area, I was notified. It is an 8 hour test and will require you to be there all day, but they do give you two breaks and a lunch break. It is computerized and the FAA states that you do not need to study for it. True, but I did find that studying for it was a large benefit. I recommend this book to you; it comes with a CD that has the AT-SAT Test prep software included:
"Air Traffic Control Career Prep: A Comprehensive Guide to One of the Best-Paying Federal Government Careers, Including Test Preparation for the Initial ATC Exams" by Patrick Mattson
I purchased this book and must say that it helped me a good bit. It's probably the best reference you will find about the career to date.
As for the process to get from now to JFK Tower, it depends on how you apply. If you apply off the street, they'll ask for up to 5 states to choose. You have to choose at least 1, but don't have to choose more than that. After that, eventually they'll contact you to set up either an interview or to take the AT-SAT. If you take the AT-SAT first (likely scenario) and get better than an 80%, eventually they'll get ahold of you for an interview and to start background/security clearances. At the interview, you will get offered a facility and get a tentative Oklahoma City start date. You can
up to two facilities. Once you are given your third offer, you take it or find another career. There is no decline as many as you want, you are only offered three. If you are not given JFK tower (don't be surprised), take a facility that allows you to get your foot in the door, opportunities to transfer will arise down the road.
To tour a control tower, contact them. Many numbers can be found on the AOPA website at
As for websites, yes good luck, there aren't many. I did recently start a blog to address such issues. You can get there by going to:
If you have any questions, you can reply here or leave a comment on my blog. Again, I just started it and it does not have a lot of information just yet, but I'm working on it. Personally, you're best bet is a CTI school for the experience and knowledge... apply now if you can. If you would like, a good 2-year school is CCBC here in Pennsylvania, but they are backlogged with the program (CTI students aren't quitting because of low pay... believe me). Their website is
Mark Spencer
Posts: 23
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #9 on:
December 01, 2008, 12:40:12 PM »
Quote from: atcman23 on November 30, 2008, 01:33:07 PM
A very interesting post, for sure. As a recent CTI graduate, I must say that if I applied off the street, I would have washed out, early. After graduating, I now feel prepared and informed and I know what to expect at Oklahoma City when I go for training.
After you get back from OKC, you might want to come here and amend that statement. I think you'll be surprised how little the CTI schools actually prepare you for OKC and the actual job.
When I was there, some of the people who went to the expensive, longer, more indepth CTI schools were some of the worst kids in the class.
Even after getting to your first facility you'll also be surprised how different OKC is from actually working in a real tower.
Best of Luck to you though Mark, do you have a date/facility offer yet?
Sr. Member
Posts: 367
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #10 on:
December 01, 2008, 08:36:15 PM »
Actually, I think I'll be OK. I graduated from CCBC, which you may know, is the only CTI school that operates a real control tower. And yes, students control real traffic there. Personnaly, I think the 4 year CTI schools are a little much in both price and curriculum. They're loaded with other classes not required by the FAA for the program. CCBC wasn't that way, you only had a very small handful of non-related classes to take.
As for a date and facility, not yet. The FAA just opened up a CTI application which closes on 12/10 and selection won't start until January, 2009.
Mark Spencer
Jr. Member
Posts: 66
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #11 on:
December 29, 2008, 11:24:22 AM »
Thanks to all who have replied here. I truly appreciate all your perspectives, and the time you've taken to share your thoughts or opinions.
Just as an update, I applied to the public posting that closed on 12/16, and I'm hoping to hear back in January sometime as to whether I can take the test or not. I picked up two study guides at the local library, one of which was Patrick Mattson's book with the CD, and have been using them to prepare. I got my own copy of Dr. Mattson's study guid for Christmas, so I can finally let the library have their copy back, although I think I'll continue to renew Barron's guide even though it is pretty out of date. It's got some neat information on signage, lighting, NAVAIDs, etc.
I was also lucky enough to be granted a tour at my local Class B facility, and was able to spend about a half hour in the TRACON (it's a level 9 facility) and then 2 hours plugged in and listening to the ladies and gentleman working in the tower cab. It was without a doubt one of the highlights of this year. If I needed ANY convincing that was it. Despite the pay and current poor relations with the FAA, I still feel very strongly that this is what I need to do.
As far as CTI vs. non-CTI, my situation exists and I'm going to go with that and hope for the best. I'm just going ahead one step at a time, so if the posting doesn't work out then I'll reevaluate and see if I need to go to a CTI school. I'm a smart guy (full academic scholarship to college, graduated .04 shy of Summa Cum Laude), and I'm positive if I'm given the opportunity and the information I can do it, but I understand the system may not always be fair or set up for us guys coming in off the street. Like I said I'm studying now and I'll give it my best shot. If it doesn't work out, we'll go from there.
I realize, especially coming off the street, that I have a lot of hard work ahead of me. Getting selected to take the test and then passing with a good score is just one of MANY steps I'll need to take to get up to a ATCT as a CTO. I've also started controlling on VATSIM to try to get used to working traffic, so if any of you fly on VATSIM, please stop by and see me over on tower at KCLE, I could use all the practice I can get.
Thanks again to all and HAPPY HOLIDAYS!
Posts: 2
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #12 on:
December 31, 2008, 12:01:38 AM »
Consider getting quality technical training at
Our training is focused on technical training rather than 2 to 4 years of academics.
Full Member
Posts: 167
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #13 on:
January 04, 2009, 03:01:12 AM »
Consider getting quality technical training at
Our training is focused on technical training rather than 2 to 4 years of academics.
This is a gimmick....after looking over the site..... I have a few respectful comments regarding that "program". (I posted the same comments in a more recent forum)
If they are sending VRA and RMC hires to OKC you can count on graduates from this type of program going as well. CTO certificates are issued after passing a very easy written test at the academy. Most of the material was gone over extensively in weeks previous to test day. This shouldn't be confused with your actual CTO (Control Tower Operators License). This is issued for the specific tower you work in, have had documented OJT time in, and a certification check-ride with the appropriate staff member. Even then there is a waiting period for all the paperwork to be processed before you obtain your actual control tower operators license. Keep in mind a CTO license is only valid for the facility you have been checked out at. Read the fine print.
This site says first year salarys are in the low to mid $40k's. nope. The ATC academy salary is $ 19,293/yr .. which computes to $9.24/hr. You get an additional ~$80/day in per diem which is supposed to cover your lodging, meals, and incidentals. Most FAA approved housing places are $45-$70/day. You will get a raise when you arrive to your facility. an ATC-7 with the standard locality rate is $37,463/yr. Your next raise will not come until you get checked out on a certain number of positions. This is a variable that is different from facility to facility. It depends on staffing, number of trainees, number of CICs, and schedules of essential staff members in the facilities training department.
I would like to point out that the FAA does hire applicants off the street for both terminal and en route facilities without charging a fee. The classes in the academy at the MMAC in OKC can be transfered over to college credits along with other training courses provided by the FAA.
The best options out there if you don't already have a degree is going to a CTI school. If it doesn't work out for you, at least you didn't throw your money away, you got a degree in something right? If you have a degree in something already try applying off the street. You would be amazed at the career backgrounds you'll run into at the academy, and be weary of gimmicks like this.
All of this information isn't geared to scare anyone away from the profession, its simply the fact of the matter and the more information someone has before they get into this fantastic profession the better. I know I wish I had all this info when I was getting started.
Last Edit: January 04, 2009, 03:14:13 AM by nfredrich
Nick Fredrich
Full Member
Posts: 176
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #14 on:
January 07, 2009, 11:25:53 PM »
I would say change your handle from "evilcuban" if you want a chance at getting hired! And as others have said, work up to JFK Approach or Tower. We've had many trainee failures lately & it's not like it's getting easier. If you have brains & can think on your feet, you'll do well. When I applied in late 1984, I just used some study guide I found in Waldenbooks & then made my way to OKC in mid-1986. I did well on the test but had some difficulty with things I'd rather not put here. I think some recent trainees have come straight into the building & skipped OKC altogether. We've had a few who were intimindated & left. Sad cases, to be honest. Good luck & PM me if there are any specific questions you have. I used to live & work in Oberlin, OH. That ZOB/Cleveland Air route Center has a similar salary structure to NY Approach.
Posts: 2
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #15 on:
January 18, 2009, 06:46:35 PM »
hello, I'm new and am training to be an atc for the air force and was wondering if there is any advice you could give us
Posts: 35
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #16 on:
January 26, 2009, 02:05:01 PM »
keep your head down, eyes and ears open. Controllers will share experience and information if you appear engaged and ready to learn...
If you aren't training.. open a book...65, LOAs SOP...study and learn. A successful day (eve for the experienced controller) is one that you learn something new and apply it the next time you work.
cessna man
Posts: 1
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #17 on:
January 30, 2009, 05:31:35 PM »
Hi, I love to fly I'm looking to be an ATC and a private pilot. Any sugjestions
Posts: 2
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #18 on:
January 30, 2009, 06:39:18 PM »
thanks for the advice, i started class about 2 weeks ago and its hard but i love the atc job already. I'll make sure to keep what you said in mind.
Full Member
Posts: 104
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #19 on:
February 01, 2009, 08:43:12 AM »
Remember always: Don't trust the FAA or their word! Even if you get it in writing!
Probably one of the best jobs out there.
Learn the difference between arrogance and confidence. It's a fine but important line.
Be willing to start out at a lower level facility and move your way up (it's better to start out slower and get certified than to start out busier and wash out).
Don't be afraid to try some of the free ATC games on the net. There are two that I recommend to my trainees to improve their skills.
Try to keep a positive but low profile until your probationary period is done. It's very easy to get fired if you're a probee.
Don't think that idle chit chat and nonstandard phraseology on the freqs is a cool way to be when you key up; people are getting fired for that.
If you want to attend college, great. Your degree/time will help when you bid on higher positions and may give you extra bidding points over other controllers. Don't go into major debt just to land an ATC job. Use the education to improve yourself as a whole.
There aren't many other jobs where my skills as a controller are just what they want.
Do take tours in your local ATC facilities. The controllers will try to help and be helpful and management will try to provide direction for you to take because they really need more bodies.
If you are relatively young, (and even if you aren't) get a job! The FAA is looking for three years of work experience, not three years of controlling experience. Shoveling horse poop for three years is still work experience and considering your ability to handle crap may actually aide you when you get hired.
Consider pilot training. Half of the controllers here have a pilot's license. This helps you to understand some of the rules and regs and gives you some insight into what the pilot is trying to do or why. (Other times, you may still have no clue as to why he just did what he did!)
Studying for the tests increases your ability to get your foot in the door. However, it doesn't always provide insight as to whether or not you'll 'make it'. I've seen people who have studied ATC for over a year wash out during their OJT, yet newbies with NO ATC experience check out in less than a year.
In all careers, like what you do. You may be there awhile. A job in hand is...
Kick butt, take no names, they dont matter anyways
Posts: 36
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #20 on:
February 01, 2009, 11:01:34 AM »
While I agree that a new controller should have some skill or talent to fall back on, I wouldn't completely stay away from any ATC training in college. Many of the CTI schools are big universities with other programs not related to aviation. While I was in college, I had intended on majoring in management, but took a couple of ATC classes on the side and really enjoyed it (which turned me on to the job).
Several semesters of ATC training really can't take the place of 5 weeks of AT-Basics at the Academy. Going to the Academy with a working knowledge of the ATC system will help, and you'll most likely do better at your first facility, too.
If you're just looking for a 'job', then go ahead and apply off the street. With no experience or education in the field, you will probably wash out, but if you're happy with saying "well, I tried", then great. If you make it, then wonderful for you.
If you really want to be an air traffic controller for a career, I suggest going to college, get a 2 or 4 year degree in something non-aviation related (which can be boring if you really want to do something with airplanes, I know first hand, but it's worth it in the end), and take as many ATC training classes on the side as electives, then apply off the street. Or, if your school will give you the CTI card by minoring in ATC, that gives you a bit of a leg up when it comes to getting hired. A double major in ATC and something else is another great option if you really want to go that route. The simulator time and being in the books in a formal setting will help you beyond the academy and into your first facility.
With that said, I worked for a short time with a new hire CTI at my first low-level VFR tower. She had graduated from a very expensive college in Daytona Beach, yet did not know the difference between VFR and IFR when she walked in the door (not sure she did when she washed out 3 months later, either). Actually paying attention in that CTI school is key. Study the .65 between when your graduate and when you show up at the academy; sign up for VATSIM, do whatever it takes to keep all the stuff in your head.
And the other option (that I am not familiar with), is join the military as an air traffic controller. You come out, skip the academy, and jump into an FAA facility. The traffic is quite different, but you will have a big head start on your career.
Posts: 9
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #21 on:
February 06, 2009, 09:49:42 PM »
hey everyone,
I'm currently in my Junior year of college and im interested in becoming an ATC after i graduate. I've done some research on it and it seems like it would be such a cool job. + i've started listening on this site and im hooked!
does anyone know how often and approximately when the faa puts out applications for hiring people off the street? is there someplace where i can sign up for like an email notice?? I keep hearing that they're going to have a shortage of people in the next 2-5 years or something...so im hoping that it'll be my chance to get in the industry as my career. Right now...im in that stage where i don't really know what i want to do or going to be doing in say 1 or 2 years down the road after i graduate(degree in Business Finance) and ATC seems like something i could possibly do. At least guarantee i have a job if i actually able to get in, and pass the course in OKC without washing out.
I read off their website that i can take the test within 9 months of graduation from college?
After you pass the test there's an interview right? then off to OKC? How long is the training? 1 year?
Is this a realistic goal? or should i go for a different career path that actually involves what im studying. It doesnt seem like it's that hard to actually get to OKC training but hard to pass the training course.
Tips and advice gladly accepted.
Sr. Member
Posts: 367
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #22 on:
February 07, 2009, 08:16:43 AM »
The FAA puts put an application for off the street applicants a couple of times per year (their fiscal year is October - September). The last had one out about a month ago and currently do not have one available. I don't know if you could sign up for an e-mail notice, but you can go to
for search for available positions or to
, click on "Become an air traffic controller" and go from there (it'll take you to USAJOBS as well).
The test you are referring to is the AT-SAT exam. I'm not sure about the number there. Typically with off-the-street applicants, you'll apply first and then later be notified about taking the AT-SAT, usually within 2 months of applying.
Once you take the AT-SAT, pass that, your application gets placed on a referral list. Once you are selected from this list, then you will be contacted via e-mail to attend a interview. It consists of many things such as a regular interview, medical examination, psychological exam, background and security clearances, etc. If they like you and you pass everything, then you'll be offered a facility and, if you accept it, given a Oklahoma City date to report to the Academy for training. Off the street applicants go to the Air Traffic Basics class, which is about 5 weeks long, and will then attend Initial Training for either Terminal or Enroute, which is an additional 37 or 62 days, respectively.
Is the goal realistic? Possibly. It may not be that hard to get past the intetview and AT-SAT but yes, with little prior knowledge in the field, OKC will be difficult.
Mark Spencer
Hero Member
Posts: 559
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #23 on:
February 07, 2009, 10:09:10 AM »
Quote from: atcman23 on February 07, 2009, 08:16:43 AM
...Is the goal realistic? Possibly. It may not be that hard to get past the interview and AT-SAT but yes, with little prior knowledge in the field, OKC will be difficult.
Actually the Academy is pretty much automatic these days....I wouldn't be concerned about passing the Academy as the washout rate has been in the 5-15% range over the past 3 years. If I was applying off-the-street I'd be more concerned about being successful at a field facility. The basics course is 5 weeks long and crams the equivalent of 2-4 years of CTI training. It's an enormous amount of information in a very short amount of time. The brain can learn this info in the short-term by rote memorization, but good luck drawing on that info a year or two later during on-the-job training.
The most disturbing thing to me is that new-hires (VRA, CTI, and off-the-street) are being placed in the busiest facilities in the NAS lately. Places like New York Tracon(N90), ATL Tracon(A80), Socal Tracon(SCT), MIA Tower, and others. No new hire has successfully checked out in any of these facilities since 2006. Trust me this job is much harder than it looks.
Posts: 9
Re: ATC as a career
Reply #24 on:
February 07, 2009, 01:20:49 PM »
i didn't think it was going to be easy. but from what im hearing here, it doesnt seem too hard to get to training. if i get to that stage i'll work my butt off to pass and do well at the station no matter what. As for getting assigned a facility, i don't care where. i'm young and flexible so as long as i have a job that pays decent and guaranteed i'll be happy!
it is disturbing that they put newbies out to big centers like NYTracon and the like. But if they're trained well there should be no problem.
i'll probably apply to take the test at the end of this year or beginning of next year (whenever the application comes out).
Thanks for the words of encouragement.
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I need to create a list in a "grid" style, so there will be some. Each "info box" will have information taken from JSON. How to do so?
PHP file echo in JSON 2 elements for item and depending by the week, a different quantity of element. How i can create the right number of "info box" ( based of the number of json items ) and how to add the name and price of them? This is the HTML code for the "info-box":

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How should I create box (with Jquery) and add information received from JSON?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- 22 Resorts
- Consistent Snow
- Diverse destinations
- Resorts open before those of many other states
- Home to Vail, Beaver Creek, Copper Mountain
Regional season passes are back for 2016-17 with multiple resorts and kids skiing free. Full Article
21st March 2016
Ski resorts across the West celebrate stellar holiday skiing with Christmas snowstorms. Full Article
28th December 2015
West Coast ski resorts get pummeled with snow for powder days. Full Article
14th December 2015
Snow finally arrived to bump open Washington and Oregon ski resorts. Full Article
30th December 2014
Learn how to predict the weather like a Mt. Hood local using these tips from Meteorologist Joel Gratz. Full Article
25th April 2013
Winter had one last gasp but spring will now settle in for the West Coast mountains. Full Article
17th April 2013
The onslaught of cold and will continue for the Cascades this week. Full Article
11th April 2013
Snowy weekend ahead for the west coast mountains. Full Article
3rd April 2013
Explore eight of the best ski town bars from across the United States, whether it be a quaint pub in New Hampshire or craft brewery in Oregon. Full Article
13th March 2013
A much colder pattern is on the way for the West with the parade of storms continuing for the Cascades and a week of drying out for California. Full Article
6th December 2012
A northern storm track will continue to bring snow to Washington State and British Columbia this weekend and early next week. Full Article
21st November 2012
No massive storms on the horizon, like the one that hit Tahoe last week, but the Pacific Northwest could see a few storms in the coming days. Full Article
1st November 2012
One of Oregon's finest microbrews can be found at the base of Mt. Hood. Take in a beer and enjoy great aprés food at the Ice Axe Grill. Full Article
16th March 2012
A snowstorm brought powder and punched open Oregon resorts; others open this week. Full Article
21st November 2011
Several Oregon ski areas are offering ways for skiers and riders to get on the slopes without paying full rate at the ticket window. Full Article
4th November 2011
The Portland Ski Fever and Snowboard Show brings entertainment, travel info and gear deals to the Portland Expo Center Nov. 4-6. Full Article
24th October 2011
Resorts in the Washington and Oregon Cascades wrap up fall pass sales in the next two weeks. Full Article
20th October 2011
Ski Shows from California to Boston are a great way to start the winter season. Full Article
6th October 2011
Portland skiers and snowboarders can travel to the Mt. Hood slopes or Crystal Mountain in greener fashion by taking a shuttle. Full Article
15th November 2010
Mt. Hood resorts ski into spring as long as possible, but Timberline offers skiing through summer. Full Article
22nd March 2010
Get snow reports, weather, forecasts, news and ski conditions for your favorite ski resorts.


text:
Kaepernick leads 49ers to 45-31 win over Packers
By ANTONIO GONZALEZ AP Sports Writer
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text:
All Rise...
Editor's Note
Our reviews of For Your Eyes Only (Blu-Ray) (published November 3rd, 2008) and James Bond Ultimate Edition (Volume 3) (published January 1st, 2007) are also available.
The Charge
When you set out for revenge, first dig two graves.
Opening Statement
Perhaps the best entry in the Roger Moore era, For Your Eyes Only returns to a tougher, grittier Bond who saves the day but this time with very limited gadgets and some of the most amazing stunt sequences ever packed into a single movie.
The Evidence
Cubby Broccoli and the other keepers of the Bond franchise realized that in Moonraker the series had gone a little too far into sci-fi and campy territory, so they resolved to return James Bond to his roots as a tough, killer gentleman-spy. The result is For Your Eyes Only, where the action is fast and furious and firmly grounded in the essence of Ian Fleming's original works. The plot does not involve world domination, and the villains are real, if restrained, people. Based in part on two Ian Fleming short stories, For Your Eyes Only also includes the chilling keelhauling sequence originally found in the Ian Fleming novel "Live and Let Die." Sadly, this is the first Bond film to lack the touch of Bernard Lee as "M," who died prior to filming. If it were not for the opening sequence (a thrilling stunt sequence, but made possible only by Totally Stupid Villain Syndrome) and the Margaret Thatcher skit at the end, as well as a touch of slowness underwater, this would be a perfect Bond story.
Ah! The story, you said?
We open with a somber moment, as James Bond (Roger Moore) visits the graveside of his late wife, Teresa Bond, who was killed at the end of On Her Majesty's Secret Service. He is called away, ostensibly on Secret Service business, but which turns out to be a trap by crippled SPECTRE leader Ernst Stavro Blofeld (John Hollis). After a thrilling helicopter stunt sequence, 007 drops off Blofeld and we go into the opening credits, featuring Sheena Easton's beauty and vocal talents.
The main plot begins with a bang when the British spy ship St. Georges sinks off the coast of Albania with the ATACS system aboard. The Minister of Defence (Geoffrey Keen) fears that the Russians will get their hands on the ATACS system, which would allow them to send commands to the British ballistic missile submarines. Before 007 is on the case, the British try the talents of marine archaeologist Sir George Havelock (Jack Hedley), who we meet as his daughter, Melina (Carole Bouquet), flies in to meet her parents. The joyful reunion is short-lived, as the assassin Hector Gonzales (Stefan Kalipha) guns down both of Melina's parents. She is shocked, but her icy eyes are fired with the searing passion for revenge.
Sent to interrogate the assassin, Bond finds himself kidnapped but saved by the timely intervention of the lethal Melina. Seizing the moment (and Melina!), Bond escapes, but owing to an active anti-theft system in his prized Lotus, he is forced to use Melina's tiny yellow car (very unBondlike!). The ensuing car chase scene is simply amazing, and a testament to ingenuity, skill, and hours upon hours of planning and practice. Naturally, Bond escapes, but with Gonzales now unavailable, his only link to the ATACS is a distinctive man who seemed to be paying off Gonzales for a job. Between Q's efforts and an Identigraph computer system, Bond identifies the money man, Emil Locque (Michael Gothard), and jets off to confront him at the Italian ski-village of Cortina.
Local agent Ferrara (John Moreno) sets up a meeting with a local Anglophile and Secret Service resource Aristotle Kristatos (Julian Glover). Kristatos is willing to help, and introduces Bond to his skating protégé Bibi (Lynn-Holly Johnson). Bond is soon surprised to see Melina Havelock walking through Cortina, and is quickly engaged in saving her from the homicidal efforts of two motorcyclists. Someone lured Melina to Cortina, and Bond is on his guard. Facing a most dangerous foe, Bond resists the predatory advances of Bibi and instead escorts her to see her friend Erich Kriegler (John Wyman) at the biathlon competition. When he leaves the bubbly Bibi, 007 is set upon by a horde of bad guys, including Locque and Kriegler. The resulting chase involves skiing, shooting, motorcycling, and a bobsled run in spectacular fashion.
After another narrow escape, Bond dodges yet another group of thugs only to find Ferrara dead and Colombo's symbol on his body. Sensing his target, 007 links up again with Melina and in the usual Bond baccarat sequence identifies Colombo's mistress, Lisl (Cassandra Harris), and charms her back to her place and into bed. Walking on the beach the next morning, the couple is attacked by Locque and more thugs, only to be saved and captured by the miraculous intervention of silent men bearing Colombo's symbol.
Colombo has some good arguments to convince Bond that Kristatos is the real enemy, and to prove the point he leads his men with Bond on an assault of Kristatos' heroin-filled warehouse. Now knowing his true foe, Bond returns to locate and salvage the wreck of the St. Georges with Melina, only to be captured by Kristatos and very nearly keelhauled to death. After another hairs-breadth escape, Bond and Melina meet Colombo and lead an assault on Kristatos' barely accessible mountain home. A tense mountain-climbing sequence and a liberal dose of firepower and unarmed combat finds the British ballistic missile fleet safe from harm and Bond and Melina taking a sensuous moonlight swim. Fini!
As hoped, MGM gives us a quality anamorphic transfer. I detected no film grain or video noise, and only the rare bit of dirt or film flaw. Flesh tones are accurate, blacks and shadow detail are solid, and the overall picture is crisp though perhaps a bit softer than I might like. Colors are moderately saturated, as expected for a movie that is nearly twenty years old. There was only an occasional and minor appearance of digital edge enhancement (most notable in the plane wing as Gonzales flies in to assassinate the Havelocks).
The audio is a decent Dolby Surround to Dolby 5.1 re-mix. Directional effects are moderately apparent, and the LFE channel provides sparing bass support and the occasional chest-thumping explosion. Dialogue is clear and understandable. The score is really the weakest point of the audio experience. Sheena Easton's title song is okay, but the real problem is the use of the disco-era remixed Bond themes. No thank you! I'll take the recent funky, techno-remixes any day.
The most prominent jewel of For Your Eyes Only has got to be the stunning and talented actress Carole Bouquet. Her uniquely stunning eyes and luxuriant long hair make her perhaps the most exquisite Bond leading lady ever, but it is the intensity of her performance as the revenge-minded Melina Havelock that I find most alluring. Just looking into her eyes you are utterly convinced of her passion and determination, yet she can still be pleasant and charming when called for. As a result, Melina more than holds her own across from James Bond and kicks some serious, ah, posterior.
Roger Moore is by this point in the franchise very comfortable with his role and it shows. His humor avoids going over the top, and is as convincing as the suave gentleman as he is as the cool killer. The rest of the cast has more talents. Topol, perhaps best known for his leading role in Fiddler on the Roof, is perfect as the gregarious Milos Colombo. Julian Glover is a low-key Bond Villain, who depends on his actions and a quiet menace to get his points across. The role of the Villain's Helper is divided into two characters, with Michael Gothard as Emil Locque (whose looks and evil silence are enough) and John Wyman as Erich Kriegler (whose athletic prowess makes him a worthy 007 opponent). The only grating role is that of skater Lynn-Holly Johnson as Bibi, whose bouncy, bubble-gum ways may induce some eye-rolling or nausea. Of special note is Cassandra Harris as Topol's mistress, who was to-be-Bond Pierce Brosnan's wife but who died tragically in 1991.
Extra content is superb, as usual. The two commentary tracks, though not hewing to the on-screen action terribly closely, give us the insights of Director John Glen and numerous cast members on the first and the anecdotes of Producer Michael G. Wilson and crew members on the second. There are several curious tidbits covered in these tracks, such as the battle in the Greek courts over land rights in the end sequence and a scouting crew's encounter with a tier-iron wielding cabby. The still picture gallery combines production notes with over 150 images. There is the usual entertaining extended featurette, "Inside For Your Eyes Only," narrated by Patrick McNee, 4 theatrical trailers (decent quality but lightly matted), two radio spots, the Sheena Easton music video "For Your Eyes Only," two storyboard sequences, and the inevitable "Tomorrow Never Dies" Sony PlayStation trailer. All this comes with snazzy main menus thanks to 1K Studios and a nice multi-page color insert with production notes and trivia.
The Rebuttal Witnesses
The Alpha Keepcase? Yeeecchhh! Come on, MGM, we want the Amaray keepcase for the next set!
Closing Statement
A back-to-basics Bond, For Your Eyes Only should appeal both to the die-hard Bond fanatic and the more casual movie watcher with its strong lead actors and numerous action scenes. Rental is simply mandatory, but if you desire a purchase, be aware of its price ($35 retail).
The Verdict
The heck with the Official Secrets Act! I declare For Your Eyes Only and MGM released from the dock forthwith. Oh, by the way, MGM, drop the Alpha keepcase already!
Give us your feedback!
Did we give For Your Eyes Only a fair trial? yes / no
What's "fair"? Whether positive or negative, our reviews should be unbiased, informative, and critique the material on its own merits.
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text:
Wow, if that was out this could've been nasty.
Now Amla will get 150+
Wow, if that was out this could've been nasty.
Now Amla will get 150+
RIP Craig Walsh (Craig) 1985-2012
RIP Hughesy
Proudly supporting the #2 cricketer of all time.
Reckon Boult could trouble both batsmen here if he can find some consistent in-swing.
RIP Philip Hughes - 1988-2014
The Wheel of Mediocrity | Compton, Root, Carberry, Robson, Trott, Lyth, Moeen, Hales | The wheel is forever
Founder and Grand Wizard of the CW Football Thread Statluminati. Potential hater of abilities. Blocked on twitter by Michael Vaughan, Brad McNamara and AtlCricket for my hard hitting truths.
11-48 day one of a test has to be a record
WWCC - Loyaulte Mi Lie
"Hope is the fuel of progress and fear is the prison in which you put yourself" - Tony Benn
#408. Sixty three not out forever.
Good to see Dougie get one early. Hopefully the Boult/Bracewell combo can do some damage here.
Last edited by Mike5181; 02-01-2013 at 03:48 AM.
Hey all, I just woke up from a nightmare where we were bowled out for 45.
How's the real match going?
Boult to Mathews, OUT, Caught at second slip! It was a length ball going across Angelo, who tried to hit it hard towards the leg side and got an outside edge that flew fast towards Guptill, who took a reflex catch in front of his face
Philander's record is so ridiculously awesome. 72 wickets @ 16.83.
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text:
I reset my data usage in Settings (iPhone 4s) at the start of every billing cycle. Every month I near my data limit of 2GB so it's important to me to be careful of this number. However it seems like every day myAT&T claims my data usage went up by something in the neighborhood of 10 to 30 MB more than the usage statistics in Settings say. Now I'm pretty sure Settings knows how much data is transferred. Why does AT&T inflate this, is there any way to get them to stop, and does any other provider not do this?
The data counters on all phones are approximate, and they're most likely not artificially inflating your data usage. In the future, you can check AT&T's website to track the exact amount of data you'll be billed for.


text:
This is what I imagine a very cold (~2000K) red star might look like at sunrise. I'm not sure if it matters whether it is a red giant or red dwarf — the system tries to size the star semi-realistically according to the temperature of the star and the climate of the local planet, so it should have about the same apparent size either way. A blue star would always look very small, even though these stars are always giants, because if you were ever close enough that it looked big, it would just sterilize you.
The mysterious green object in the upper right corner is a cyborg planet killer. It's really big and powerful, so don't **** it off.
In other news, for my United Statesian readers, it's election day! All you have to do is show up, wait in line a little while, and draw a little line to the right arrowhead, or pull a lever or however it's done in your state. Try not to **** it up. Unless you have electronic voting machines, in which case the cyborgs will take care of it, so don't bother.
If you have astrophysics brains and don't mind feeding them to my zombie code monkey, maybe I can make more realistic stars?


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There are records of many inter-faith debates (disputations) between Jews and Christians even up to modern times. However I have never heard of similar such debates between Jews and Muslims. Are there records of such debates ever having taken place? Are there transcripts?
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According to the historian Bernard Lewis, The Jews of Islam :
This interesting research paper in the Encyclopedia of Jews in the Muslim world discusses the historical account of the debates and polmeics between muslims and Jews. I could find some debates which were based on Alī ibn Mūsā al-Riḍā(d. 818) a prominent Muslim scholar, reportedly engaged in a public disputation with a Christian patriarch and a Jewish exilarch that is recorded by Abū Jaʿfar Ibn Bābawayh (d. 991/92) in his Kitāb al-Tawḥīd and his ʿUyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā. The arguments and modern citations to the verses mentioned in the debate are discussed here.
Most of the debates and polemics were written in the form of books, with most of them referring to both Jews and Christians, Famous scholars of important works are Ibn Ḥazm (Andalusia, d. 1064), al-Qarāfī (Egypt, d. 1285), and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (Syria, d. 1350) mentioned because of the wealth of polemical detail they provide and because of the influence they had on the development of the genre. The most important tracts by these authors are Kitābal-Fiṣal fī ʾl-Milal wa-l-Ahwāʾ wa ʾl-Niḥal, Kitāb al-Ajwiba al-fākhira ʿan al-asʾila al-fājira, and Hidāyat al-Ḥayārā fīAjwibat al-Yahūd wa-l-Naṣārā respectively, The polemics center around the theme of Peoples of the Book like in the Quran, refering both the Ahle Kitab as liable for distortion in meaning and understanding among the masses, hiding testimonies, refusing to accept the abrogation of their scriptures and laws, displaying excessive reverence toward religious Rabbis and so on.
Also, most of These written polemics have in fact been evolved from oral disputations between Jewish Rabbis and Muslim scholars.The Muslim scholar Ibn Saḥnūn of Qayrawan (d. 869) is said to have held a disputation with a learned Jew in Egypt that lasted several hours. It was initially private in nature, but turned into a public event as more and more locals flocked in to witness the account.
More ever during the Islamic golden age, Majlis sessions in which Jews were invited, or at times even summoned, to participate and to argue for their religion were held either in the salons of leading intellectuals or under the auspices and in the presence of members of the ruling elite, such as viziers, governors, sultans, and even caliphs. The famous Fāṭimid vizier Ibn Killis (d. 991), who was himself a convert from Judaism took much interest in arranging such sessions in which mutakallimūn from different faiths participated. The works of Jewish theologians like Samuel ben Hophni and Yūsuf al-Baṣīr (who are both known to have participated in such sessions) and other Rabbanite and Karaite theologians were in fact written as manuals or guides for participants in such sessions.
The Quran itself is a reflects the various debates between Jews and Christians and many of the verses reflect on the debates between the prophet and Jewish rabbis.In most of the debates the arguments are concerned with the very foundation of the Jewish faith, namely the Torah. And the Jewish Rabbi most often does not bring about rabbinical sources in the arguments.
Here is a video which enacts the debate documented in the above source, but it should be taken with a grain of salt as it is too localized and is targetted to a persian Shiite audience:
According to this article, at Jewish Virtual Library, there were instances of polemical attacks between Jews and Muslims in a literary format, but no public disputations. The two main Islamic practitioners of such polemic are said there to have been Ibn Ḥazm and Samuel al-Maghribī, the second of whom had converted from Judaism. While the article does mention the existence of Jewish response, it doesn't record the names of their authors.
Evidence, however, that there may have actually been at least one instance of a public debate between Jews and Muslims can be found in an early 13th century Persian text, housed in the British Museum. If you have a log-in for JSTOR, you can read about it in this article by Moshe Perlmann. It speaks of a public disputation between Sayyid Muhammad Mahdi Tabataba'i and the Jews of Du-l-Kifl, in the year 1211. It is an Islamic text, and it presents the Islamic arguments stronger than the Jewish ones. The disputation closed when the Muslim scholar likened the manner in which Moses superceded Abraham for the Jews to the manner in which Mohammad ultimately supercedes Moses. He then asks the Jew whom he was questioning whether he has "given thought to the pursuit of truth and knowledge", at which point the Jew requests time to think some more about his answers and the debate is brought to a close.
It is not an actual debate, but the Kuzari (Yehuda halevi) presents a fictional account of the conversion of the Khazars to Judaism. The king decides to pit a Christian, a Jew, and a Muslim against each other to prove their religion, and the Jews win.
Shimon's answer alludes to a debate which got me interested to research more about the transcripts of the actual debate and after some research I found it in an academic paper as it appears in the translated form , the citation for this Journal paper is :
A Shii-Jewish "Debate" (Munazara) in the Eighteenth Century By: Moreen, Vera B. | The Journal of the American Oriental Society, October-December 1999
As the OP asks for transcripts of such a debate, there is a verbatim transcript from the paper of the debate between Sayyid Muhammad Mahdi Tabataba'i and the Jews of Du-l-Kifl here.
protected by Isaac Moses Jan 30 '15 at 18:50
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text:
I've been trying to get to the quest marker for Chapter 2's Death Symbolized quest in The Witcher 2. Every time I start walking in the direction where its leading me I end up back on the wraith invested battlefield; which is an entirely different map. I tried backtracking to the spot where the guards won't let me pass all the way into Vergen. From there I only see a path that takes me down into a harpy-ridden ravine which offers pretty much a dead end.
I've tried going through Vergen but the city is totally blocked off at both entrances. I must be missing a passage way or something before the city gates. Where exactly am I supposed to go for this quest?


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Branded food supplier ConAgra's acquisition of private label rival Ralcorp promises to create an interesting new dynamic when it comes to trading partner relationships.
Earlier this week, the companies announced they had reached an agreement valued at $6.8 billion whereby ConAgra will acquire Ralcorp for $90 a share to create one of the nation's largest food companies with annual sales of roughly $18 billion.
"We are very pleased to have reached an agreement with Ralcorp after a period of collaborative dialogue between the two companies," said ConAgra Foods CEO Gary Rodkin. "Ralcorp is already the largest private label food company in the U.S. and is well positioned for future growth. The acquisition of Ralcorp is a logical and exciting step for ConAgra Foods. Adding Ralcorp provides us with a much larger presence in the attractive and growing private label segment and accelerates our 'Recipe for Growth' strategy. The transaction will allow us to apply our scale and combined operational expertise to this important growth area, and will strengthen our position as one of the leading food companies in North America."
The deal also promises to change the nature of conversations ConAgra has with some of its trading partners who, to varying degrees, rely on the prospect of private label competition as a negotiating strategy with brand suppliers. ConAgra was already generating private label sales of $950 million, but the deal makes the company the nation's largest supplier of private label food with annual sales of $4.5 billion.
"We believe the balanced combination of our very significant branded food business, the largest private label food business in North America, and our important commercial food businesses, will enable ConAgra Foods to deliver even greater value and innovation to our customers and consumers, and sustainable profitable growth to our shareholders," Rodkin said.
"We believe the two companies are a great fit, and our employees will benefit as part of a larger diversified organization with the necessary scale and resources to be a leader in today's rapidly evolving marketplace," said Kevin Hunt, Ralcorp's president and CEO.
Ralcorp said the deal aligns with its 18 month old Recipe for Growth strategy which includes expansion in the private label segment, growth in its core business and adjacencies, and expansion internationally.
Ralcorp's private label offerings include categories such as cereal, pasta, crackers, jellies and jams, syrups, frozen waffles and more. ConAgra is best known for brands such as Banquet, Chef Boyardee, Egg Beaters, Healthy Choice, Hebrew National, Hunt's, Marie Callender's, Orville Redenbacher's, PAM, Peter Pan, Reddi-wip, Slim Jim and Snack Pack.


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Whitworth University Stats, Info and Facts
|Religious affiliation:
|Presbyterian Church
|Institution Type:
|Private not-for-profit
|Campus Setting:
|Far West Large suburb
|Highest Degree Offered:
|Master's degree
|Level of Institution:
|Four or more years
|Four-one-four plan
|School Mascot:
|School Colors:
|Crimson and Black
This university contains some of the most intellectually sound, yet compassionate professors anywhere in the world. Not only do almost all of them hold doctoral degrees from outstanding universities (University…
Whitworth University is wholeheartedly committed to its motto of providing an education of the mind and heart. The professors are devoted to encouraging their students to reach their fullest potential…
whitworth university promotes a sense of community that is incomparable to any other i've seen or heard of. the student body is driven and diverse. and the faculty genuinely cares…
whitworth is a great christian university that doesn't compromise its christ mission, while still having a vibrant, diverse community and high academics. the many opportunities for community, service, faith, and…
whitworth is the perfect school for anyone looking for a well-balanced education based on more than just your brain; we learn to strengthen our brains, spirits, and hearts. at…
Whitworth University is a private, residential, liberal arts institution, affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Whitworth's mission is to provide its diverse student body an education of the mind and heart, equipping its graduates to honor God, follow Christ, and serve humanity. This mission is carried out by a community of Christian scholars committed to excellent teaching and to the integration of faith and learning.
Everyday I walk around campus completely thankful and amazed that I have the opportunity to be part of the Whitworth community. It truly is a close community that is vastly different than any large state university. When you meet someone new, you don't have to worry about never seeing them again. People are so friendly, it's really refreshing! Also, the weather is magnificent because Spokane has four wonderfully distinct seasons, only 17 inches of annual rainfall, and 260 clear days of sunshine. Another bonus is that the dining hall is expanding and will be brand new in fall 2012, three dorms have been built in the past 10 years, and a new dorm will be construted soon. I live in the newest dorm and it is like a hotel that is nicer than my room at home! Heck, I even get to take skiing/snowboarding for a PE credit! The brand new science building is also INCREDIBLE.Read More
The overall Whitworth community is just fantastic! There is always something going on that you may never be bored! Everyone is so nice and friendly too. It's a fantastic school.Read More
The campus is great and the dorms are in good shape. The school does not cater well to people who's views are different than those of the school.Read More
I absolutely love the campus, and campus life. Every night in your dorm there are group activities called Prime Times and it is a great way to relax and chill for a couple hours with members of your dorm. There are also great school wide activities from intramural sports and we have great athletics, (We've captured the McIlroy-Lewis Trophy for the best combined standings across all sports for the fourth time in six years.) All around we have immensely fun dances and great opportunities to meet other people from around the campusRead More
The campus is beautiful, the people are very nice, and the food is pretty good as well. It is very common for professors and students to develop personal relationships and very easy to get involved with clubs and other activities on campus.Read More


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Home > Food > Recipes > Terrific Taco Salad
Terrific Taco Salad
Categories: Cooking with Kids, Entertaining, Kid-friendly
Type: Salads
Type: Salads
This salad features romaine lettuce plus tortillas, ground beef, beans, and cheese.
Serves: 6 servings
- 6 flour tortillas (8- to 10-inch rounds), warmed to room temperature
- 9 cups shredded romaine lettuce
- 1 pound 95% lean ground beef
- 1 can (1 pound) black beans or pinto beans, drained and coarsely mashed
- 1 cup bottled salsa
- 1/2 cup chopped onion
- 1 tablespoon chili powder
- 2 medium tomatoes, diced
- 1 cup nonfat or reduced-fat shredded Cheddar cheese
- 3/4 cup nonfat or light sour cream
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- To make the shells, invert six 6-ounce custard cups on a large baking sheet, and coat the bottom of each cup with nonstick cooking spray. Place each tortilla over a cup, allowing the sides of the tortilla to drape down over the sides of the inverted cup. (Note that the tortilla will not drape enough to touch the sides of the cup, but will bend just enough to form a basket for the salad.) Bake at 350°F for 10 to 12 minutes, or until the tortillas are crisp and the edges are lightly browned.
- Remove the pan from the oven, and allow the shells to cool to room temperature. Remove the shells from the custard cups, and transfer each one to an individual serving plate.
- To make the taco filling, coat a large nonstick skillet with nonstick cooking spray, and preheat over medium-high heat. Add the ground beef, and cook, stirring to crumble, until the meat is no longer pink. Drain off and discard any excess fat.
- Add the beans, salsa, onion, and chili powder to the skillet, and stir to mix well. Reduce the heat to low, cover the skillet, and cook for 5 minutes, or until the onions are tender and the flavors are blended. Add a little water or extra salsa if the mixture seems too dry. Remove the skillet from the heat.
- To assemble the salads, arrange 1 1/2 cups of the lettuce over the bottom of each tortilla shell, and top with a sixth of the meat mixture. Garnish with the tomatoes, cheese, and sour cream, and serve immediately, accompanying the salad with Tex-Mex Salad Dressing.
excerpted from:
Excerpted from The Best-Kept Secrets of Healthy Cooking by Sandra Woodruff, R.D. Copyright � 2000 by Sandra Woodruff.
To order this book go to www.penguin.com. Get a 15% discount with the coupon code FENPARENT.
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The lobes at the foremost part of the brain. Associated with reasoning. Concerned with conscious processes; including the inhibition of processes arising from the subconscious.
876 views
What happens to a person's frontal lobes when they have a breakdown from stress?
When a person gets really stressed out and has a mental breakdown what happens to their frontal lobes? I'm reminded of the clip from "What about Bob?" when Richard Dreyfuss has a breakdown when he ...
114 views
Are the lobes of the brain anatomically distinct, or is the distinction between them not as well-defined?
If I had a brain in front of me, would I be able to find some kind of crevasse or something separately each lobe from the next? I guess what I'm asking is, are lobes more arbitrarily-defined regions ...


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People who have fucked up, to the point where they are no longer welcome at Noisebridge, may have their pictures posted on the cork board to the left of the elevator (top floor).
This person named Ilya was behaving irrationally, and confused his own backpack with Patricks, causing suspicion that he was intending to steal things. He also put on Patricks' clothes and said he thought people were allowed to use whatever items were in the space. He had some small, and not particularly valuable, items that he had pocketed, and had stashed random, not valuable, items in the bathroom. He was unable to explain his behavior to Dr. J and was handed over to police, who did not take him into custody, and he was told not to return to Noisebridge.
He was with his brother Alex who did not do anything sketchy and should not be banned. -jake
This guy went into the back classroom and took Rayc's wallet out of his backpack. Rayc saw him with the wallet in his hand and the guy tried to say it was his. He then started running towards the door and was tackled by Jake. We made him show us that nothing was in his pockets, and he kept avoiding the big pocket in the front of his jacket. This pocket turned out to have Sasha's smart phone. During the search his crack pipe fell onto the floor and broke into many pieces. We let him go and told him not to come back.
Was helping with the Noisebride ustream webcasts. He was asked not to come back due to allegations of organizing illegal activites from within Noisebridge and He had a proxy return to the space a few days later on his behalf to retrieve blankets, etc. that he'd apparently stashed in the darkroom. What his proxy took was apparently not the blankets that he wanted, and he shortly thereafter came upstairs and went into the darkroom, himself leaving with a couple bedsheet-lookin' things. The fabric his associate had taken was found in a heap at the bottom of the elevator and returned to the darkroom. Several days later he returned to Noisebridge with his hand shoved in a gym bag, pushing past people to get into the main space, and announced, loudly, that everyone was to leave. He claimed he had a gun, that he the cops were hot on his trail and would arrive at Noisebridge at any moment, and that he intended to provoke a suicide-by-cop. Despite a whole lotta talk and a whole lot of not showing a gun, a large contingent of folks prudently filed toward the exits. However, rayc and Ben and one of the Occupiers and some other folks stayed behind and called him on his bullshit and physically escorted a sweating, yelling Jonathan to the sidewalk where he instantly sought out the nearest quickly-amassing phalanx of squad cars. Immediate consensus was that he is not welcome in the space again.


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Call 570-577-3200 weekdays between 8:30 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. (Eastern).
Mail a check (payable to Bucknell University) to:
Bucknell University
Gift Processing
1 Dent Drive
Lewisburg, PA 17837
It's easy to set up an automatic personal payment plan. Please use our online giving form and follow the steps to set up convenient monthly installments for your gift. For assistance, please call 570-577-3200.
Would you prefer to spread your gift out over several years? Pay monthly or annually – our multiyear pledge options offers maximum flexibility to meet your philanthropic goals. A five-year pledge is a convenient way to make your Reunion gift. Please call 570-577-3200 or use our online giving form.
Our friendly student callers love to speak with alumni and parents. They can fill you in on campus happenings and help you make your annual gift – it takes just a few moments. When you see "Bucknell University" on Caller ID, pick up the phone and make the connection!
The following links are virtual breadcrumbs marking the 27 most recent pages you have visited in Bucknell.edu. If you want to remember a specific page forever click the pin in the top right corner and we will be sure not to replace it. Close this message.


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The New York Times really knows what it's doing, when it comes to trend stories. What it's doing is not "Finding and identifying important fact-based trends and bringing them to light, for the public good." What it's doing is "Finding and identifying thoroughly unimportant trends which may or may not be real but which will serve to enrage the average reader enough to make it onto the 'Most Emailed' list."
Today: have you heard about those RICH people sending their KIDS on PRIVATE JETS to EXCLUSIVE SUMMER CAMPS? This story has it all!
- A tee-ball-like setup for exclamations of class outrage! "Now, even as the economy limps along, more of the nation's wealthier families are cutting out the car ride and chartering planes to fly to summer camps."
- A grapefruit-sized soft toss for keen students of hypocrisy to hit right out of the park! "The popularity of private-plane travel is forcing many high-priced camps, where seven-week sessions can easily cost more than $10,000, to balance the habits of their parents against the ethos of simplicity the camps spend the summer promoting."
- And a kicker! "[One parent] decided she 'was done with Maine and the planes and all of the people.' 'It's a crazy world out there,' she added. She now sends her children to camp in Europe.'"
I've been doing this job too long.
[NYT. Photo: Shutterstock]


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I am using Google docs viewer to display files online in my web application. I have problem with images and some other extensions. According to Google, I can open images with viewer. However, it fails for me.
For example, I am trying to open this image with docs viewer but it gives an error message.
Sorry, this type of document is not supported for viewing.
You can also try to download the original document by clicking here.


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I've a tektro draco hydraulic brakes on my mtb and I would like to know if it is possible to mount a different brand rotor to use with my brakes?
Sign up
- Anybody can ask a question
- Anybody can answer
- The best answers are voted up and rise to the top
The brand of brake doesn't matter. The only variables you should care about are:
As long as the bolt pattern is the same and the rotor is the same size, it should be fine.
This is a separate answer only because I can't vote or comment on other's answers yet.
Speaking directly to the original question... yes - it is possible. I have a winter set of wheels with a rotor by a different maker and it is a center lock mount vs. a six-bolt mount of my regular wheels. No problem at all and it is one of the main things I like about disk brakes. With rim brakes I would have to adjust the brakes each time I did the switch-a-roo unless both sets of wheels had exactly the same width. Since the winter wheels have studded tires I make the switch on clear/dry days in the winter as well.


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Utah's Dual Language Immersion program offers a rich bilingual experience for young learners when their minds are developmentally best able to acquire a second language. Instruction is divided between two high quality, creative classrooms: one English and one in the Second Language (Chinese, French, German, Portuguese or Spanish).
Click here to view the Utah Dual Language Immersion video presentation.
Second Language Skills
Students achieve high proficiency in the immersion language.
Improved Performance on Standardized Tests
Immersion students perform as well as or better than non-immersion students on standardized tests of English and math administered in English.
Enhanced Cognitive Skills
Immersion students typically develop greater cognitive flexibility, demonstrating increased attention control, better memory, and superior problem solving skills as well as an enhanced understanding of their primary language.
Increased Cultural Sensitivity
Immersion students are more aware of and show more positive attitudes towards other cultures and an appreciation of other people.
Long Term Benefits
Immersion students are better prepared for the global community and job markets where a second language is an asset.
Utah Dual Language Immersion Schools (2015-2016)
Utah Language Roadmap for the 21st Century
Utah Dual Language Immersion Website
World Language
Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition (CARLA)
Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL) Research
Dual Language Immersion Teacher Endorsement
250 East 500 South | PO Box 144200
Salt Lake City, UT | 84114-4200
Monday - Friday | 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
(801) 538 7500
Copyright © 2009-2016 Utah State Board of Education (USBE)


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Summer Reading begins June 1 at the Monmouth County Library
Run, skip or walk into your local Library this summer! Summer reading clubs for all ages begin on June 1 throughout the Monmouth County Library, and run through August 13.
This year, Summer Reading Clubs will take on a sports and exercise theme:On Your Mark, Get Set, Read ! for Children; Get int he Gamek for Teens, and Exercise Your MInd for Adults. Throughout the summer at the Library, you'll find great programs about sports, fitness, puzzles and just plain fun.
The Summer Reading Clubs are online and on-the-go! Beginning on June 1, click on http://www.monmouthcountylib.org/sr.htm to register for Summer Reading and log your reading. On your mobile device, you can go to: http://nj.evanced.info/monmouth/sr/homepage.asp
The Summer Reading Clubs are divided into Early Learners, Children's, Teens and Adults, and each has different reading goals:
- Early learners - children who are not yet reading independently - can join the Read-To-Me-Clubs, and listen to 20 books
- For school age children, the goal is to log eight hours of reading.
- For teens, the goal is 800 pages.
- For adults, the goal is four books.
Meet the goal and win a prize! Each participant registers online with the branch library of their choice, or a parent can create a family registration which gives them control of their children's accounts. Prizes can be picked up at the branch where you registered.
Special kick off celebrations for Summer Reading will be held at Library branches at the end of June. Check with your local branch for time and date for special summer programs or click on the Monmouth County Library webpage at www.monmouthcountylib.org


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I'm currently working on some graph theory, and I'm checking the robustness of graphs, by removing random vertices from a graph and then check how many vertices are outside the giant component. Then I'll do that for a lot of vertices, and plot them using ListPlot.
This takes along time to calculate, is there a way I can visualise it, that it plots something everytime a value is calculated.
thisFunctionTakesVeryLongAndReturnsAList := ....
ListPlot[thisFunctionTakesVeryLongAndReturnsAList [graph]]
thisFunctionTakesVeryLongAndReturnsAList calculates a value that can be plotted all the time


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5 Insane Doctors From History Who Put House to Shame
#2. Evan O'Neill Kane Performed Surgery on Himself
For those of you who squeal at the sign of an errant hangnail that needs removal, or even wince at the thought of someone waxing their eyebrows, you might want to skip this entry about Evan O'Neill Kane.
The Badassery:
Dr. Kane was no stranger to operating on himself. And if there's anything people should be a stranger to, it's that. And we're not talking about some 127 Hours situations where a guy is saving his own life through desperate, horrific measures. Dr. Feelgood planned out his own surgeries, and executed them. On purpose.
What's really impressive is the fact he did it under general anesthetic.
It started in 1919 when Kane self-amputated one of his own fingers that had become infected. OK, that's pretty weird, but, you know, maybe there was no one else around to perform the operation ... at his hospital that was named after his father.
One little digit amputation is one thing, a self-appendectomy is another thing altogether.
The Insanity:
Using only local anesthesia, Kane opened his own damn gut up and successfully removed his own damn appendix. Why didn't he ask one of his colleagues to perform the operation instead? Because he wanted to prove appendectomies only need local numbing. It was also about this time that he began tattooing the initial "K'' on his patients. In Morse code. Because how else would his patients remember that they now belonged to Dr. Frankenkane?
"On that note, I'll need you to come to the Chinese take away tonight so I don't forget my order."
The crazy part -- or, the craziest part -- is that the appendectomy wasn't even his most dangerous self-surgery. Ten years later he was right back on the self-operating table fixing his horseback-riding-induced hernia. The now 70-year-old surgeon performed the whole risky 1 hour, 45 minute operation save the final two or three stitches, chatting and laughing with the nurses the whole time like it wasn't no thing (which to him it obviously wasn't). This time, however, he did give a slight nod to his advanced age by allowing another doctor to participate in the operation.
As the tattooist.
"Wow, that snake you're drawing is starting to look a lot like a ... oh, very funny."
#1. Dr. David Nott Is an Action Hero
It's one thing to be a brilliant doctor. It's another to be a globe-trotting adventurer, constantly in the throes of some Indiana Jones-worthy escapades. And then it's still another to be some unholy combination of the two. Meet Dr. Knight in Shining Armor, David Nott.
The nerd you gave noogies to in high school is now featured in a Cracked article.
The Badassery:
To begin with, Nott is a vascular surgeon, a Doctors Without Borders volunteer, so right away you know this is not someone you want to go against in the "Most Accomplished" category at the high school reunion. After all, anyone who specializes in performing surgeries in war zones is going to have some stories to tell. It's not until you hear the stories, one after the other, that you appreciate what the guy is doing for a living.
He has an uncanny ability to stumble upon one medical Die Hard after another, constantly ending up in situations where he always seems to be going against the grain and fighting a hopeless, one-man battle to save the day ... and you can bet your ass the clock's ticking.
Any place with that kind of nonchalant gun-holding is a bad place.
Nott has found himself in the middle of Congo jungle, performing a life-saving emergency amputation on a boy who had been either bitten by a hippopotamus or caught in some rebel crossfire. No one was really sure which. Whatever the case, it wasn't just a simple amputation. Part of the boy's collarbone and shoulder blade needed to be removed, and he was going to lose a shit ton of blood during the procedure. This was an operation so rare and complex that only about 10 people a year have it in England. And Nott had never performed one.
He winged it, receiving hurried instructions from a colleague via text messages. And succeeded.
"Sever the pony artery? Jesus, Steve, I told you to get a Blackberry."
But to really appreciate Dr. David Nott, you have to hear the story of Landina Seignon, Haiti's "Miracle Baby." And if you're in for the long haul, you probably ought to grab some tissues.
About two weeks before the 2010 Haiti earthquake, a Haitian mother of four left her kids alone while she went out to buy some candles. They lived in one of the worst slums in Port-au-Prince, and the family didn't have electricity, so it wasn't like she was just trying to buy some scented ambiance for the home. Sadly, the house caught on fire and the three older children fled, leaving 6-week-old Landina alone in the burning home. She didn't die, but she didn't come out of the fire in good shape, either. So before the earthquake hit, Baby Landina was getting treatment for her severe burns at La Trinite Hospital in Port-au-Prince. After the earthquake hit, she sat in the rubble, burns and all, unnoticed for two days.
Frederic Sautereau/Telegraph
But sure, bitch about taking out the garbage.
And here's where the miracle comes in. Dr. Nott was on the ground in Haiti, helping with disaster relief, performing something like 12 operations a day, when Landina's case was brought to his attention. No one knew who her family was, or if they were even alive. But Nott knew that she had a very specific skull injury that was going to require years of intensive care, with equipment and professionals that weren't going to be found in Haiti.
The Insanity:
But it turns out that taking a severely injured, unclaimed child out of a disaster-stricken country is harder than you'd think:
"The official asked for Landina's birth certificate, which of course I didn't have. Nor could I say who her parents were or even whether they were alive. He told me to get out. I refused. I showed him a picture of Landina on my camera and said that her flight was leaving in a couple of hours and that she would die if she wasn't on it. A policeman was summoned but I clung to the arms of my chair."
"You want me to leave her here? You can respectfully piss off, sir."
Eventually, he not only got Landina to London, but he also founded a charity that would provide for her medical expenses, as well as a caregiver that would tend to her very, very sensitive wounds on her skull.
Ok, so Dr. Nott saves Landina's life and finds her a potential new family. Here's where things got tricky. A journalist who had been working alongside Nott all along did some investigative work to find Landina's family ... and voila. There they were. Marie Miracle and her children were still living in the slum, completely unaware that Landina was alive and getting treatment in London. Eventually the mother, the baby and the doctor are brought together ...
And a very specific charity is created that will provide Landina's whole family with a clean apartment and private schooling, and a Haitian doctor will donate his time and resources to helping Landina heal.
We told you to get the tissues out.
Pauli Poisuo is not a doctor, but you can still visit him at the Unpronounceable or read more of his stuff here.
For more unexpected badassery, check out The 5 Biggest Badass Popes and 6 Organizations You Didn't Know Were Secretly Badass.


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Suppose I have a bunch of polynomial equations with coefficients in a number field, and suppose further that I'm guaranteed a priori that they have a solution in that number field. Can I leverage that knowledge into a technique for solving the equations more easily? The cases we care about are massively overdetermined systems of linear and quadratic equations.
By Scott's remark, it seems that the linear terms do not suffice for determining the set S. (what is the expected cardinality of S, btw?) I know nothing about programming or complexity, but my suggestion is to try taking the 2-duple embedding. Sure, you replace P^20 by P^200 or so, but now you end up with linear equations in the variables X
Practically speaking: I would try to reduce the equations modulo several small primes (or prime powers), solve them by brute force, and then try to lift to solutions in your number field using the chinese remainder theorem. It might be helpful to combine this with solving them to high precision over the real (or complex) numbers.
I have to say that this sounds suspiciously close to Matiyasevich's proof of Hilbert's 10th problem (Yuri V. Matiyasevich, Hilbert's Tenth Problem, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1993). The "yoga" of his proof is that you can have some "Godel coding" on systems of quadratic and linear forms, which shows that solving a system of such equations is hard from a logic/TCS point of view.
Should be able to use Groebner bases and elimination theory to do it, I think. Though in the case of linear and quadratic equations, I'm not sure how much help it will be.
One minor comment: if you can ever reduce to solving equations in a single variable, and looking for rational roots, then you can use the rational root theorem. You can reduce to the case where your number field is the rationals easily enough. (For example, if you started out looking for roots in Q(i), write everything as a+bi.) But I don't know that there is any good way to reduce to equations in a single variable.
Well, it's certainly easier to intersect lines and quadrics. I would simply go on intersecting all lines, and then select some nicer quadrics to intersect until I'm having a finite set of points, from which I would eliminate the wrong points by using more quadrics until one is left, the answer.


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5 Eerily Sophisticated Ways Animals Communicate
Everyone knows that animals can communicate with one another, but they don't talk. If you hooked some language interpreter to a dog or monkey, every phrase would translate to "I'm scared!" or "I'm going to kill you!" or "Hey baby, let's have some bear sex!" It's not like animals lie, or gossip, or argue.
That's what we used to think, anyway ...
#5. Prairie Dogs Are Talking About You (and We Mean You Specifically)
Prairie dogs are chatty little desert squirrels that live in massive underground "towns" numbering in the hundreds or thousands (and occasionally in the millions, which is big enough to have a community college and an NFL team). They communicate with loud barks and yips, which you'd expect from something called a prairie dog. But if you walk by them and they start making their little noises, keep something in mind: They're describing you, right down to your wacky ironic T-shirt.
"Whoa now, that's a pretty small package to pair with a Slayer shirt."
Prairie dogs have a language so complex that they have a different "word" they can shout to identify what kind of predator is approaching, and thus have a specific noise that means "humans are coming." But one expert found that prairie dogs had variations in their calls depending on which human they saw. In experiments, the dogs' calls would differentiate based on what color shirts researchers were wearing, how tall or short they were, how close they were and how fast they were moving.
That's right -- the prairie dogs were actually describing each person in remarkable detail with a single chittering bark. A professor named Con Slobodchikoff has been studying prairie dog calls for 30 years, and says that one vocalization can translate into "There's a tall skinny guy in green a few yards away and he's sprinting toward us," sort of like that scene in Wayne's World where Mike Myers speaks five English sentences with one word of Cantonese.
They're probably also judging you.
This means that prairie dogs possess a level of communication more sophisticated than that of dolphins or chimps, and yet for some reason we have yet to dress them up as butlers or make them dive through hoops in front of spoiled children.
#4. Fairy Wrens Talk Shit to Predators (to Impress Women)
Splendid fairy wrens are pretty little blue birds in Australia that have probably been insufferable ever since they found out that we gave them that name.
Discover Magazine
Drink it in, baby.
Fairy wrens are routinely murdered for food by other birds, primarily butcher birds. As we have previously discussed, butcher birds are about the closest thing to freewheeling lunatics in the avian world, with a penchant for impaling their still-living victims on thorn bushes. And they love to food-murder fairy wrens.
They love it.
So, one would expect fairy wrens to lay low if their psychopathic archnemesis is in the area, which is precisely the opposite of what actually happens. When a butcher bird lets loose with the chirp of bloodthirsty mania, male fairy wrens will immediately answer it with their own call. The two birdsongs are so similar that it sounds like the wren is singing a duet with its would-be killer. Essentially this is like Jason Voorhees stalking through a rickety cabin while some hidden teenager calls out, "Warmer. Warmer. Waaaarmerrr."
Why would the wrens risk exposing themselves to predators like this? The same reason males of any species do most things -- to attract females. The male fairy wrens are far from the first guys in history to tap dance in the face of certain malevolent destruction to impress women. It's boner-fueled confidence (or "bonefidence," as it is known in the scientific community we invented in our minds just now), and girls love a confident, reckless badass.
Chris Mellor / Getty
Look at that wild son of a bitch strut his stuff.
Scientists call the phenomenon vocal hitchhiking. When a predator like the butcher bird is nearby, the female fairy wrens are obviously listening intently to its calls. While the attention of the females is piqued, the males jump in with their own bird bravado, knowing that they have an audience. The females become smitten with these devil-may-care rebels, who are then free to swoop in and carry the ladies off for a night of boundless passion, provided the butcher birds haven't eaten the shit out of them.
#3. Alcon Caterpillars Are Smooth-Talking Con Artists
The caterpillar of the alcon blue butterfly is kind of like Whoopi Goldberg in Sister Act -- it uses the power of song to disguise its true identity and trick others into caring for it. "That's a strikingly human tactic!" you might say. "How does this arthropod accomplish such a thing without higher brain function or a wacky premise involving nuns and the mob?"
Through butterfly cunning.
Well, the mechanism seems pretty simple -- the first segment of the caterpillar's abdomen has a small lip that it scrapes to make its "song." But when the caterpillar sings it, it sounds just like a red ant queen -- so much so that any ants within listening distance will carry the butterfly larva back to their colony and literally give it the royal treatment, as if it were actually the queen.
Either because caterpillars are geniuses or because ants are really stupid, the ants will guard the caterpillar with their lives, even against the real queen, sometimes exiling or killing her if the caterpillar is convincing enough. That's like a Miley Cyrus impersonator showing up at a concert and usurping her, then going on to live the life of a famous pop star while the real Miley is either deported or devoured by Disney executives.
New Scientist
Not a metaphor.
In fact, the ants are so stoked about their new adoptee that they will kill their own brood to feed it if times are tight. That's right -- the ants will happily feed their children to the caterpillar, because it sings a song that tells them to.
Science Blogs
Most of what it sings for them to do isn't legal for us to write about.


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6 Feb 2012 5:54 AM #1
Unanswered: [Chart] Series renderer problem.
Hi, All!
I need to paint particular markers of some series into other color then defined in markerConfig option during series creation. So, according to help, I can use my own series renderer:
{ title: displayName, type: 'line', axis: 'left', xField: 'name', yField: yField, highlight: false, showMarkers: true, selectionTolerance: 3, renderer: this.seriesRenderer }
seriesRenderer: function(sprite, record, attributes, index, store){ Ext.apply(attributes, {fill: "FF0000", stroke: "FF0000"}); return attributes; }
seriesRenderer: function(sprite, record, attributes, index, store){ sprite.setAttributes({fill: "FF0000", stroke: "FF0000"}, true); return attributes; }
6 Feb 2012 7:59 AM #2
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What Ext JS 4 version are you using?Mitchell Simoens @LikelyMitch
Sencha Inc, Senior Software Engineer
Check out my GitHub, lots of nice things for Ext JS 4 and Sencha Touch 2
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6 Feb 2012 8:17 AM #3


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In the ambit of differential geometry the aim is to study smooth manifolds. Why the objects studied in algebraic geometry are called algebraic varieties and not for example algebraic manifolds? I am a fan of the uniqueness of mathematics, so I think that these differences of terminology or notation may mislead the student.
A variety does not qualify as a manifold for more reasons other than smoothness. For example the $xy$-plane union the $z$-axis is a variety. But, there isn't even a well-defined dimension there. You would need a sufficiently broad definition of manifold to include varieties that are not smooth and don't have a dimension. At that point, the word "manifold" would not be very useful.
Many algebraic varieties are not manifolds. For example, the coordinate axes in $\mathbb{R}^2$ are an algebraic variety, but not a manifold because it isn't locally homeomorphic to $\mathbb{R}$ at the origin.
Edit: Thank you to Robert for pointing out that the issue here isn't smoothness, I think I was slightly on autopilot. You can also get algebraic varieties which are non-smooth even though they are manifolds, such as this one. But as has been pointed out already, depending on your definition of manifold this may be fine anyway.