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| Smith, R., FACTS Global Energy, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Adibi, S., FACTS Global Energy, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Khimasia, S., FACTS Global Energy, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Most of the Middle Eastern countries are looking to expand further into downstream petrochemicals as opposed to exporting the building blocks.
[Middle East]
[Saudi Arabia]
Petrochemicals are used to produce
durable and nondurable consumer products that improve the
quality of life. Demand for petrochemical-based products is
dramatically increasing in developing nations. Asia is
responsible for much of this new demand. A growing middle class
in both India and China will reshape demand
patterns for all petrochemical and chemical
The petrochemical industry
continues to follow cycles of expansion and contraction as more
efficient production units put pressure on older facilities. While Asia remains the
epicenter for growing demand, the Middle East continues to
expand petrochemical capacity based on cost-advantaged feedstocks. Much of the new
production will be exported to Asia and Europe. In North America, the
growing supply of shale gas has reset regional natural gas
prices. North American petrochemical producers have transformed
themselves and are now visibly competitive in the global
market. Commercialization of new and expanded feedstocks and raw materials are
prompting changes in the global petrochemical market.
The Middle East (ME) olefin boom
has concluded, and the era of great expansions has slowed for the
decade. Most of the Middle Eastern countries are looking to
expand further into downstream petrochemicals as opposed to
exporting the building blocks. Previously, the ME had a great
advantage in the production of ethylene, propylene and their
derivatives due to abundant, cheap feedstocks. The abundance continues,
but only for those projects that have it guaranteed and
set aside at a certain price. It is unlikely to see any new
projects this decade due to supply and price restraints. Iraq
may see a boom sometime after 2020, but thats a long way
off as this nation continues to rebuild and focus on more
pressing issues, such as gas-fired power generation.
Although the availability of
inexpensive gas prompted many companies to move forward with
massive expansion plans, the region is facing new uncertainties
in providing sufficient feedstock. This is a serious concern
for proposed projects, especially in Iran and Saudi Arabia.
ME domestic gas prices are expected
to eventually increase as production costs have risen
significantly. This may push governments to set higher prices
for petrochemical feedstocks. New feedstock prices for
petrochemical projects in Saudi Arabia could even increase to
over $2/MMBtuwell above the $0.75/MMBtu price seen in the
past. Even with higher feed gas prices, ME petrochemical
projects are still economical, but they are certainly less
attractive for new investment. The larger issue will be getting
feedstock committed for new projects.
Ethylene and propylene are the
principal petrochemical products and a major feedstock for
other polymers. In recent years, the world witnessed possibly
the largest expansion ever for new ethylene and propylene
plants, and most of it was located in the ME. These additions
will have a significant influence on the global petrochemical
industry in the near term.
The 20082012 boom saw an
average annual growth rate in ethylene capacity of nearly 12%,
from 16.9 million tpy (MMtpy) to 26.3 MMtpy. While such growth
will be limited to a 5.6% average annual growth rate from 2012
to 2016, we will still likely see ethylene production capacity
reach 32.6 MMtpy. The wild card is Iran; as this nation tries
to complete its current projects, we are cautiously optimistic.
It is possible, however, that the political situation in Iran
and the potential for petrochemical sanctions may result in
further delays. With Iran removed from the picture, the average
annual growth rate from 2012 to 2016 drops to just 2.8%, with
the largest growth coming from Borouge III in Abu Dhabi. Fig. 1
illustrates the ethylene capacity expansion in this
This nation is the largest ethylene
producer in the region. At present, ethylene production in
Saudi Arabia is 14.5 MMtpy, up by 5 MMtpy from nearly three
years ago. Ethylene is produced in large Saudi petrochemical
complexes such as Sadaf, Yanpet, United, PetroKemya, Tasnee,
Yansab, PetroRabigh, Saudi Kayan, Saudi Ethylene and Propylene
Company (SEPC) and Sharq III. Propylene capacity in Saudi
Arabia has grown to 3.38 MMtpy.
The wave of the Saudi petrochemical
sectors massive increase in ethylene and propylene
production capacity is beginning to recede. While Saudi Arabia
will remain a global leader in the petrochemical industry, the
large ethane-based projects are a thing of the past due to a
lack of feedstock availability.
At present, two petrochemical
projects are likely to be constructed in Saudi Arabia, and
these projects are scheduled for completion in 2015 and 2016.
We only list the reported ethylene capacities at this time, as
the final configurations have yet to be decided, as shown in
Table 1. Even with Aramco as a partner, feedstock availability
and price weigh heavily due to shortages in the Kingdom. It
should be noted that Aramco provides feed gas for petrochemical
projects at a fixed price of $0.75/MMBtu. The cheap feedstock
is a great advantage for the petrochemical industry in Saudi
In spite of various sanctions, Iran
continues to be a major petrochemical player in the region.
Irans petrochemical developments owe their recent success
to affordable feedstock and a 10-year tax holiday for
investors. In 2010, Iran produced around 40 million tons of
petrochemical products. The continued expansion of the domestic
petrochemical industry has resulted in an average annual growth
rate of 22% for petrochemical product output and a 28% increase
for export volumes since 2005. Irans ethylene capacity
stands at 5.3 MMtpy, which represents about 21% of the
MEs ethylene capacity. Propylene capacity stands at 1.1
MMtpy. Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate Irans ethylene and
propylene production capacities by project in 2011.
The Jam petrochemical complex
remains the largest ethylene producer in Iran. Ethylene
production capacity of this complex is approximately 1.32
MMtpy. The plant also produces 305,000 tpy (305 Mtpy) of
FACTS Global Energy (FGE) forecasts
that Irans ethylene and propylene production capacities
will increase significantly after the completion of
petrochemical projects now under construction, as summarized in Table
2. By 2014, Irans ethylene production capacity is
expected to increase to 8.5 MMtpy, while its propylene
production capacity will increase to 1.4 MMtpy. In spite of its
difficulties in attracting foreign investment, Iran continues
to achieve its goals of increasing petrochemical production
While expansion plans continue,
Irans new projects will be challenged by such issues as
long delays in completion dates due to a lack of financial
resources and/or feedstock availability. In recent
years, several petrochemical projects have faced feedstock supply
shortages, thus forcing them to run well below nameplate
capacities. For instance, the largest ethylene producer in the
country, Jam, has experienced a feedstock (ethane) shortage
since 2009. The Jam ethane cracker operates at 50%60% of
its capacity due to insufficient ethane supplies from the South
Pars gas projects. This also resulted in the derivative plants
cutting production due to the ethylene shortages.
Iran is blessed with abundant and
easy-to-develop gas resources that have allowed the country to
sell feed gas to petrochemical projects at very low
pricesaround $0.4/MMBtu$0.5/MMBtu. Accordingly,
Iranian projects have significant economic advantages compared
to other international petrochemical producers. However, a
recent price increase is a major concern, particularly for the
private players in Irans petrochemical industry. This is
seriously threatening the projects economics and future
expansion of the domestic petrochemical industry.
It is worth noting that, in October
2009, the Iranian Parliament finally approved the general
outline for increasing energy prices and passed a bill to cut
energy subsidies. Based on the approval, the price of natural
gas will be set gradually to market prices from the start of
the reform plan on Dec. 19, 2010. Industrial projects,
including the petrochemical projects, now have to pay around
$2/MMBtu for natural gas for the first year of the reform plan,
which is considerably higher than the past price of $0.53/MMBtu
in early 2010. The ethane price has been set at $145.1/ton for
the first year of the reform plan. For the longer term, Iran is
planning to increase gas prices for industrial projects to 65%
of the average export gas price within 10 years. These higher
gas prices will make many new gas-based projects economically
Ethylene is now produced by three
major petrochemical companies in Qatar with a total production
capacity of 2.6 MMtpy. Qatar Petrochemical Co. (Qapco), Qatar
Chemical Co. (Q-Chem) and Ras Laffan Olefins Co. (RLOC) are the
ethylene producers in this nation. Qapcos ethylene
production capacity is roughly 800 Mtpy, Q-Chem has a
production capacity of 500 Mtpy, and RLOC has a production
capacity of 1.3 MMtpy.
At present, the country has no
propylene production; however, some of Qatars future
plans could involve propylene production. As the configurations
are not yet finalized for newbuilds, it is too soon to comment,
and it seems unlikely at this stage. At present, Qatar
Petroleum has two agreements to construct steam crackers. One
is a joint venture between Qapco and Total that has an HOA
professing an output of 1.4 MMtpy of ethylene. The other is a
Qatar Petroleum/Shell HOA for a $6.5 billion steam cracker with
a monoethylene glycol plant yielding up to 1.5 MMtpy.
Realistically, we foresee both projects targeting a 2018
startup. It should be noted that, while undisclosed, feed gas
prices for Qatari petrochemical projects remain extremely
competitive and continue to ensure the viability of the
petrochemical industry.
Abu Dhabi has a number of projects,
and ethane is the only feedstock. Borouge I operates a 600-Mtpy
ethylene plant, and Borouge II operates a 1.5-MMtpy ethylene
plant that also produces 825 Mtpy of propylene. As Borouge II
only uses ethane feedstock, the propylene primarily comes from
the worlds largest metathesis unit, which has a capacity
of 752 Mtpy.
The Borouge III petrochemical
company is under construction, and it should be
operational by mid-2014. The ethane cracker will produce 1.5
MMtpy of ethylene, thus raising total ethylene production to
3.6 MMtpy. The ChemaWEyaat project is the other planned
petrochemical venture. It is a 1.45-MMtpy naphtha cracker and
grassroots olefins, aromatics and urea complex at Taweelah.
While the project continues to be discussed, naphtha feedstock
pricing issues from the Ruwais refinery appear to be the cause of
the delays. At this point, the project is not included on
FGEs list of firm projects.
Kuwaits ethylene production
capacity is 1.65 MMtpy. Equate Petrochemical Co. operates an
800-Mtpy facility, and Kuwait Olefins Co. (TKOC) operates an
850-Mtpy facility. Both are located at Shuaiba. The only
additional project to be mentioned is the Petrochemical
Industries Co. (PIC) Olefins III project. While a feasibility
study was completed in 2011, no details have emerged as to the
intended configuration and feedstock. We understand that it
will be a mixed-feed plant, which makes sense considering the
uncertainties in Kuwaits gas supply. The projects
location was moved to Al Zour, near the planned new
Oman continues to produce propylene
at the Sohar refinery. The refinery operates in an olefin mode
to produce roughly 327 Mtpy of propylene feedstock for the
polypropylene plant owned by Oman Polypropylene LLC (OPP).
There are no olefin expansion plans in Oman.
At present, Petrochemical Complex
No. 1 (PC1) in Khor al-Zubair, near Basrah, is producing
ethylene from ethane feedstock supplied by the Rumaila oil
field. The plant has the capacity to produce 132 Mtpy of
ethylene, 110 Mtpy of ethylene dichloride, 66 Mtpy of vinyl
chloride monomer, 60 Mtpy of polyvinyl chloride and 90 Mtpy of
low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density PE (HDPE).
However, the plant is operating below its nameplate capacity
and needs revamping. South Koreas STX Heavy Industries
signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Iraq in 2010 to
revamp the facility, but they have yet to be successful in
enacting the MOU. This construction project remains delayed
at this time. Iraq will likely continue to focus its efforts on
increasing oil production and electrical power generation
before focusing on its petrochemical industry.
Low gas prices in the ME have
provided an attractive environment for gas-based
petrochemical projects. With the possible exception of Qatar
and Iraq, these advantages have slipped away due to increased
domestic gas consumption. Dubai and Kuwait are now importing
liquefied natural gas (LNG), with others exploring LNG as an
option. With world economic growth remaining slow and feedstock
prices rising (natural gas or naphtha), the global olefins
market continues to be oversupplied for the near term. However,
existing ME olefin suppliers will be less affected than Asian
petrochemical producers due to available low-feedstock prices.
Elsewhere, naphtha-based projects will be most affected.
The outlook for new projects is less optimistic, unless
investors can lock in a feedstock source and price from the
government or build a combined complex with a refinery to provide naphtha feedstock. The boom era of olefins
growth has ended in the ME, barring any additional, huge gas
finds. This means that the existing businesses will remain
economical, but we will likely see investment moving further
downstream in the petrochemical value chain to more
intermediates and potentially beyond. HP
All comments are subject to editorial review.
All fields are compulsory.
I am not sure the price of oil is the real problem, Kelli. Perhaps, its ovelry rapid rise due to speculators and its inability to have the price fall at the pump when the price of a barrel drops is the issue.Roy
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Engineers and designers are highly skilled individuals. Forcing them to enter design changes using tables, forms and spreadsheets is unproductive and uneconomical, and it increases the likelihood of human error—this is the way that most instrumentation software systems currently work. For too long, software vendors have denied engineers and designers the simple practicality of a graphical visual engineering interface with "drag and drop" capability and inbuilt intelligence, ensuring changes are automatically replicated into all the associated data and databases.
Is 2016 the peak for US gasoline demand?
Too soon to tell
July 2016


text:
Suppose $V$ is an infinite dimensional vector space. I do not want to assume the axiom of choice, so I will define a vector space $V$ to be infinite dimensional if there is a proper subspace $W\subseteq V$ such that $V$ and $W$ are isomorphic.
My question: Given $n \in \mathbb{N}$, is there a subspace $U\subseteq V$ of dimension $n$?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I would like to know what word is « qu' » in « qu'à l'oral ».
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This is a contraction of "que à l'oral" which in French sounds awkward because of the following e and à. It means orally only.
The word que has indeed several meanings.
In this context, "que" is an adverb in sense of limitation or restriction. The word seulement could be used in that case too. Then, you must have noticed the presence of ne before, in the same clause.
If "que" has been replaced by "qu'" in this particular context, it's because the "e" elides before a vowel.
For instance, these sentences are equivalent:


text:
Government Affairs Academy 2011
Government Affairs Academy 2011
After a one-year hiatus, the Government Affairs Academy was held this May for a second time in Washington, D.C. The 2011 GAA featured message delivery training and simulated media interviews, as well as seminars and exercises in establishing a grassroots network, giving testimony at a government hearing, and lobbying elected officials. The GAA not only trained attendees how to effectively lobby at the state and federal level, but also provided an opportunity for them to utilize their newly-learned skills during congressional office visits. By having meetings with the staff of elected officials who represent them in both the House and Senate, Academy attendees were able to put into practice everything they learned throughout the intensive four-day grassroots training boot camp.
--Attendees at the 2011 GAA listen to John Crouch's presentation on the importance of codes and standards.
--A presentation on how to speak to the media holds everyone's attention.


text:
WACO (January 24, 2013)--Students at A.J. Moore Academy will spend Thursday evening preparing income tax returns as part of Waco's Free Income Tax Preparation program.
Held at University High, students and NeighborWorks Waco will join together in an effort to cut back on poverty in the area.
The event will begin at 5 p.m.
For more information, call NeighborWorks Waco at (254) 752-1647.


text:
28 Oct 2010 10:40 PM #1
Need help/ideas in implementing the User Form
I have a form, to create users(which is invoked on clicking button Create). Now i want to edit user details which is in Database, i click on Edit User and i am providing a TextBox, to type in the UserName (which is unique), using hibernate i am getting the User details and now i want to load these details in same form (create user form) and set the values of user in form , provision to edit the details
Can you please share ideas as how to do this? Should i use Binding here?
29 Oct 2010 2:07 AM #2
This depends in your needs. If you need binding features here, than i would use them. You can also set the values manually by your own code.
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Perry Denounces 'Federal Takeover' Of Education, While His State Tries To Take Over The Nation's Textbooks
Back when the economic recovery act was first put into place, Gov. Rick Perry (R-TX) rejected $555 million in extended unemployment benefits, saying "we do not need any more strings from Washington attached to programs."
Now, Perry has also decided that he won't be applying for any of the Race to the Top funding available in the stimulus, which could bring Texas $700 million to implement education reforms. Points on the Race to the Top application are awarded for accepting the National Governors Association's effort to adopt common national standards, which, despite originating in the states, Perry said "smacks of a federal takeover of public schools." Perry added that he doesn't want to put Texas' education system in the hands of those "thousands of miles away":
Texas is on the right path toward improved education, and we would be foolish and irresponsible to place our children's future in the hands of unelected bureaucrats and special interest groups thousands of miles away in Washington, virtually eliminating parents' participation in their children's education.
Perry's railing against a "takeover" from "thousands of miles away" is pretty remarkable, considering that his state is trying to lead a conservative takeover of the nation's textbooks. The conservative-dominated Texas State Board of Education is pushing changes to textbooks that would emphasize conservative figures like Newt Gingrich and Phyllis Schlafly, "downplay the contributions of the civil rights movement," challenge the science of evolution, "play up clashes with Islamic cultures," and even attempt to rehabilitate Joe McCarthy.
And as the Washington Monthly's Mariah Blake pointed out, "when it comes to textbooks, what happens in Texas rarely stays in Texas":
The reasons for this are economic: Texas is the nation's second-largest textbook market and one of the few biggies where the state picks what books schools can buy rather than leaving it up to the whims of local districts, which means publishers that get their books approved can count on millions of dollars in sales. As a result, the Lone Star State has outsized influence over the reading material used in classrooms nationwide, since publishers craft their standard textbooks based on the specs of the biggest buyers. As one senior industry executive told me, "Publishers will do whatever it takes to get on the Texas list."
Perry has continually appointed members of the conservative bloc to head the Board of Education, who will potentially play a big role in what students thousands of miles away read in their textbooks. So who, exactly, is pushing a "takeover" onto whom?


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I need to build a lot of regression tests for our product at work and I plan on using Selenium. I am concerned about building tests that will become quickly outdated and broken based on the fast pace of our product development. What is the best way to build / structure the tests in a way that will minimize the work needed to keep the tests up to date as the product changes and improves?
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You can try building your Selenium tests using the Page Object pattern, more info on: http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/PageObjects
There are a number of key things that I have learnt are key to have easy to maintain, reliable automated tests.
Map your controls in a single place
Your controls should be mapped into a single location, so that if a control changes, you only need to change it in a single location. Having it in a single location allows you to make a one line code change if a developer re-maps the controls. I also map the control type so that the developer can change from a link to a button, and all I need to do is change this control file.
Abstract the test automation tool where possible
I essentially have three actions that I perform 99% of the time, Invoke, Setvalue and GetValue. Invoke will click a link or button, check or uncheck a checkbox etc. SetValue will put values into controls, like putting text into a text box. GetValue gets data from the controls, which is primarily used for verification.
Each automation action, for example performing a search, will only call these invoke, Set and get methods. This allows almost full abstraction of the underlying automation tool, it also allows you to have a single place in your code where the lower level control specific methods are called.
Use regular expressions to map your control names
A previous commercial tool that I used would cut of control strings at 256 characters. Many applications, like asp.net can dynamically create control names based on their location in page controllers. Using regular expressions lets you define the control in a way that the developer can move it anywhere on the page and your tests will still run.
Create test data objects to hold your test data
I create test data objects that normally map pretty close to 1:1 with the controls on a page, then I create an expected and actual object, then pass these objects around the various layers in the stack. Creating additional tests in some cases can then be as simple as using an existing test with different data.
Separate the test from the implementation
Separation of concerns is a key technical design principle that you should apply from your tests. The intent of the test case should be separated from the physical implementation that does the interaction with the page as much as possible. For example instead of ...
Your tests should, at the highest level have a domain specific API so.
For indepth information about this topic read Capture The Essence Of Your Test Cases by Michael Hunter
The crucial issue IMO is to acknowledge that your pages will need to be adjusted in order for the tests. To pick up on the Selenium issue, instead of using
I've also found the Page Object pattern to give good results:
I repeatedly apply three principles:
Hide incidental details. Any detail that isn't directly related to the purpose of your test belongs somewhere other than in your test. Hide it somewhere, such as in a variable or in a method, and give it a good name.
Name every important idea. Why does the test code log in in as "F.D.Gumby" rather than as some other user? Because that's the manager who hired the employee you're adding to payroll? Then put "F.D.Gumby" in a variable and call it hiring manager (or whatever), to express its intention.
Eliminate duplication. Each bit of duplicated data is a variable waiting to be born and given an expressive name. Each sequence of duplicated test steps is a method waiting to be born and given an expressive name.
Applying these principles makes automated regression tests far easier to fix when either the requirements or the implementation changes. For further details and examples, see my article "Writing Maintainable Automated Acceptance Tests" (PDF). See also Bob Martin's excellent video of these same ideas.
Discussing your automated test needs with your developers up front can often help.
A developer should not have tip toe around the application with fear of breaking our tests, but if they can proactively make design choices that make it easier for us to maintain them then that can be a huge time saver.
First of all, keep in mind: there will be always some maintenance. Whatever approach you will use, your tests will change over time. Many people will suggest to skip GUI automation as it is very brittle. It is true to some degree; many times it is just something they have heard from someone. Sometimes people say that because they have tried it once, expected for some solution to work out of the box. Sometimes they expected they write some tests once and they will work till the end of time, regardless of app changes. Still GUI tests can be affected by many more things than lower level tests.
As for your tests I would suggest the following readings on the framework design.
First blog from Patrick Wilson
Second would be following materials:
Success in creating a robust Automation framework lies in embedding a Test Framework within your development framework.
One of the common things that is recommended is to create a separate attribute for objects that is unique for each of them (e.g. for a web project anything on the screen is identified by a unique id like TestAutomationdId="HelpMeButton").
This ensures that any changes to that object (other than removing that object) won't affect your script.
In my opinion, automated UI testing is broken by default, the second you create your tests. I'm not gonna get into a lengthy answer as to why, as its limitations are well known already - maintainability being the most crucial one.
I recently attended a talk about the so called "sapient" testing. It means that repetitive, menial stuff that's just following a few steps of a process should be automated, whereas stuff like UI testing, product integration testing should be done by a "sapient" agent - a person.
Its' main philosophy is that automating the work done by a person is actually a degradation of the testing process. Here you can find a few words about it.
So to answer your question - develop fast & agile, build fast & often, execute stable (read: API-based) automatic tests after every build and create a team to handle the UI testing. Each new button added/moved not only means a lot of maintenance of your tests, it means countless more possible ways in which the user might misuse it - are you sure you will be able to keep up with the maintenance and creation of automated UI test cases for each and every possible combination/path?
Selenium is great for testing the UI when the focus is on the UI. If you are interested in testing the functionality I would recommend you use something like NUnit and Moq to automate as much testing of the functionality as you can with code: http://o2platform.wordpress.com/2011/04/05/mocking-httpcontext-httprequest-and-httpresponse-for-unittests-using-moq/
The most important tip I would give, since it is impossible to create non breaking test cases, is to structure your project so as to be: Flexible & Extensible eg.: - Use ids and use them by retrieving them by a unique property (when it will change you will update only one key). - Create generic methods for actions, never use straight inside your test commands like selenium.click etc. but create another method to do so. In the future you may decide to use a different selenium command, the test case will not have to change, only the method's code. - By creating a test framework with custom methods you will be able to customize the results you will get after the execution and so you may gain time on analyzing your results.
Conventions has made life easier for us! Try to create a standard for how you mark up your pages (HTML) and make sure everyone on your team is aware of the conventions that is decided on. Your conventions should probably include:
I would also recommend using the PageObject pattern as suggested by a few people already.
This is a good question, and the gist of it applies to automated tests for other kinds of interfaces (e.g. protocols, APIs, file formats) too. Automation makes the most sense when the implementation is susceptible to change but the interface is stable; conversely, it makes the least sense when the interface is unstable.
I try to be objective about the value of the automated tests vs manual tests; the cost of repeatedly fixing broken tests; the value of the other, less intellectually challenging, manual testing work I could be doing if I weren't repairing automated tests; the amount of test-breaking changes I expect to see; and even how sympathetic the developers are toward building testability into the product. It would be nice to say I could quantify all those variables and plug them into a formula, but really, I can't. I try to be honest with myself, take my best guess, and move forward.
It's hard to make blanket statements about techniques that insulate you from changes, because all changes aren't equal. For example, using page objects might insulate you from structural, semantic-neutral changes within a page, but it will be less helpful, and perhaps even an impediment, when the UI is reorganized in more dramatic ways.
Personally, I don't automate parts of the UI that I think are still undergoing rapid change. I test those parts manually, and then once things look like they're settling down, I re-evaluate. But then I'm the only QA person in our little start-up. If I were a dedicated automation person in a large QA team, I might make different decisions -- although I'd still be skeptical about automating tests against something unstable.


text:
Is there a variety $X$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ and a line bundle $L$ over $X$ (other than the trivial line bundle $\mathcal{O}_X$ ) such that $L_v$ is the trivial line bundle over $X_v=X\times_{\mathbb{Q}}\mathbb{Q}_v$ for every place $v$ of $\mathbb{Q}$ ?
(Answer known. There is a pun on "locally trivial" in the title.)


text:
Text: S M L | Help | Contact Us | Site Index
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Jacksonville Timeline
Florida Collection
City of Jacksonville Seal
1513 - The Spanish arrive in Florida and claim the land as their discovery.
1562 - Jean Ribaut explores the St. Johns River area for France.
1564 - The French establish Fort Caroline on the St. Johns River.
1565 - The Spanish, led by Pedro Menendez, found St. Augustine. Later, Spanish troops from there attack and destroy Fort Caroline, eliminating the French presence in Northeast Florida.
1763 - Spain cedes Florida to Great Britain.
1765 - Britain builds the King's Road which stretches from the St. Marys River in Georgia to St. Augustine and New Smyrna. The area where the road crosses the St. Johns River is known as the "Cow Ford."
1783 - Britain returns Florida to Spanish control.
1791 - The first permanant settlement at the Cow Ford.
1821 - Florida becomes a territory of the United States of America.
1822 - Isaiah D. Hart and other property owners formally lay out the streets for a town at the Cow Ford. The new town is named Jacksonville in honor of General Andrew Jackson.
1822 - Duval County is created and Jacksonville serves as the county seat.
1832 - Jacksonville is incorporated by the Territory of Florida.
1832 - William J. Mills becomes the first mayor of Jacksonville.
1845 - Florida becomes a state.
1861 - The Civil War. Jacksonville is captured and recaptured several times by both sides. Union troops take control for good in 1864.
1888 - A yellow fever epidemic strikes, causing the entire city to be quarantined. It started in the early spring, escalated in August, and by the time it ended in early December, 427 of 4704 stricken people died.
1901 - The Great Fire decimates downtown Jacksonville. The fire destroyed around $15 million worth of property. The city rebuilt and recovered from this in just a few years.
1908 - Kalem Studios, the first motion picture studio in Jacksonville opens. The industry boomed for a few years, but was all but dead by 1917.
1921 - The St. Johns River Bridge opens as the first one to provide service to vehicles and pedestrians. It was later renamed in honor of local politician, St. Elmo W. Acosta.
1940 - Jacksonville Naval Air Station opens. This was the first of several modern Naval facilities in the area.
1964 - Hurricane Dora strikes Jacksonville, causing flooding and property damage to the tune of $250-300 million. The day after the hurricane went through, the Beatles performed outdoors to 20,000 fans in the Gator Bowl.
1968 - Jacksonville and Duval County consolidate governments, forming the largest city (in land area) in the contiguous United States.
1993 - Jacksonville is awarded a franchise in the National Football League. The Jaguars begin play in 1995.


text:
New Directions in the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Updates from the 29th Annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS)
The CBCE
Last Modified: February 1, 2007
Conference Dates: February 1, 2007
Conference Location: Seattle, WA
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Who Should Attend: medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, nurses and pharmacists
Registration Information: Please call 877-263-6911 to register.
Conference Fees: Please see website for further information.
Continuing Education: Yes


text:
I'm looking at motivating the standard deformation of $U(\mathfrak{sl}(2))$. As an algebra $U(\mathfrak{sl}(2))$ is generated by $X,Y$ and $H$ and subject to the relations $[X,Y] = H$, $[H,X] = 2X$ and $[H,Y] = -2Y$. From $q$-analysis I have that an integer $n$ is deformed according to $[n] = \frac{q^{n}-q^{-n}}{q-q^{-1}}$.
This seems to motivate, at least partially, the means of deforming $U(\mathfrak{sl}(2))$. That is, set $[X,Y] = [H] = \frac{q^{H}-q^{-H}}{q-q^{-1}}$ and then set $K = q^{H}$ and $K^{-1} = q^{-H}$. But what motivates the relations $KX = q^{2}XK$ and $KY = q^{-2}YK$?


text:
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The hands and fingers are clearly visible and the nail beds have been laid down. The baby's fingers will close if the palm of his hand is touched. The tips of the two bones in the forearm, the radius and the ulna, can just be seen in the lower part of this image.
Your baby's external ears have been developed for some time but for him to hear, the internal ear structures also need to mature. In the middle ear, three bones-the malleus ("hammer"), incus ("anvil"), and stapes ("stirrup")-conduct sound into the inner ear. These bones are formed initially from soft cartilage and embedded within connective tissue. The bones begin to harden and the connective tissue gradually dissolves. This allows the ear drum to vibrate onto the hammer, which passes the movement on to the anvil, and then the stirrup. The vibrations are then passed to the cochlea, a cavity of the inner ear, where they are translated into nerve impulses to be sent to the brain.
At 22 weeks, your baby's inner ear has matured adequately for sound to be processed into neural signals to the brain. The first part of the cochlea to develop is responsible for receiving lower-sound frequencies. As your baby develops, he will gradually be able to recognize and respond to higher sound frequencies. Over the next three weeks, your baby's responsiveness to sounds will gradually increase. At first the responses are slow and sluggish, but by 25 weeks he will react to a range of sounds by moving around.
In addition to being responsible for your baby's hearing, the inner ear also controls his balance. Small fibers within three semicircular canals of the inner ear are able to sense acceleration in any direction, providing the sense of motion and balance. Floating in the amniotic fluid is similar to weightlessness and, although your baby is very active, he has no sense yet of moving up and down.
Men are faster than women at changing diapers.
Research shows that the average time a woman takes is 2 minutes and 5 seconds, whereas the average man takes 1 minute and 36 seconds! So that's a job for him, then.
If, like many pregnant women at this stage, you feel incredibly energized, make the most of it. Here are some ways to direct that energy:
However good you're feeling, always make time to relax and recharge your batteries.
Excerpted from Pregnancy Day by Day.
Copyright © 2008 Dorling Kindersley Limited.
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Welcome to eTrucker Store, your trusted shop for business manuals, how to books, market reports, and truck show swag. We're an official retailer of Overdrive's Partner's In Business Manual, shirts, and branded merchandise. We also offer Comercial Carrier Journal's Air Brake Book, the industry's definitive guide to proper air brake system installation and maintenance procedures. If souveniers are your desire, we carry all show merchandise from the Great West Truck Show, The Great American Trucking Show, the Charlotte Diesel Super Show, and other truck related events.
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As a user of PGP I worry about receiving a virus that was previous encrypted with my public key, which anybody can get by querying many PGP key servers. What prevents an attacker to target a PGP user by sending a virus encrypted with the user's PGP public key? AV scanners operating at the mail-server level would not be able to detect such virus.
What you've described is only a problem for network-based Antivirus systems, and I don't believe there is currently a way for such systems to detect encrypted malware if they are utilizing a signature based detection algorithm.
I believe the solution here is to implement a good host-based Antivirus program that can perform real-time AV analysis as files are being accessed, and consequently would detect any known viruses after the e-mail was decrypted. Of course, you'd also want to disable displaying images inline or otherwise interacting with file attachments automatically after decryption. Norton Antivirus and Intego Virus Barrier are two examples of products that can offer real-time, host-based virus detection.
Theoretically, you might still be vulnerable to malware that targets the PGP decryption implementation used on your system. This seems like an extremely low probability, but if you were concerned about it you could mitigate the risk by only checking PGP e-mail within a Virtual Machine on your system.


text:
Why is my query non-deterministic?
I have query that do the following:
select sum(float1*float2*coalesce(float3,1)) from table
When I run this query I get a deterministic result, but it seems not be the case when the query is run many times.
The last integer in the result differ between different runs.
All columns are (float,null)
Should a float truncation be the same for all runs?


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Franciscan Mysticism (Update)
In a reflection for America, I remarked upon an aspect of the Pope's conversation with Father Spadaro to which I do not think sufficient attention has been paid.
[O]ne appreciates the pope's striking evocation of the mystical dimension of Christian life. Like Benedict XVI, Francis insists that Christianity cannot be reduced to a moral code. It is preeminently about relationship with a person: the person of Jesus Christ. Thus, his contention that Ignatius of Loyola (who figures prominently in this conversation between two Jesuits) is not in the first instance an ascetic, but a mystic. And that the much-praised Ignatian practice of discernment is not a technique mechanically applied, but "an instrument of struggle in order to know the Lord and to follow him more closely."
Here too we can situate the pope's challenging presentation of Blessed Peter Faber as model. What is compelling about Faber is his ability to join "interior experience, dogmatic expression and structural reform" in an inseparable unity. As with Faber, so with Francis.
As with his namesake, the poor man of Assisi, at the heart of Pope Francis's mysticism is the cross. He had already affirmed this in his very first homily to the Cardinals the morning after his election. And he reaffirmed it this morning in his homily at Santa Marta:
The Holy Father spoke of the different attitudes that a Christian can take: who follows him to a certain point and who follows him to the end. The danger you run, he warned, is that of giving in to "the temptation of spiritual well-being", of thinking that we have everything already: the Church, Jesus Christ, the sacraments, Our Lady and thus, no need to search for anything. But this "is not enough. Spiritual well-being," the Pope explained, "is fine to a certain point". What is missing is "the anointing of the cross, the anointing of humiliation. He humiliated himself unto his own death and a death on the Cross. This is the touchstone, the measure of our Christian reality. Am I a Christian of the culture of well-being or am I Christian who accompanies the Lord unto the Cross?"
In this morning's homily at Santa Marta, Pope Francis continues his meditation on the cross. In what follows I have corrected an inaccurate translation:
The Cross causes fear even in the work of evangelization. Pope Francis observes: There is the "rule" according to which, "the disciple is not greater than the Master. There is the rule according to which there is no redemption without the effusion of blood." There is no fruitful apostolic work without the Cross.
"Perhaps we think – each one of us can wonder: 'And to me, what shall happen? How will my Cross be?' We do not know. We do not know, but there will be one. We must pray for the grace not to fly from the Cross when it comes: with fear, eh! That is true. That scares us. Nevertheless, that is where following Jesus leads. The last words that Jesus spoke to Peter come to mind – in that Pontifical incoronation at Tiberias: 'Do you love me? Feed ...! Do you love me? Feed...!'…but the final words were these: 'They shall take you where you do not want to go!' The promise of the Cross."
About the Author
Rev. Robert P. Imbelli, a priest of the Archdiocese of New York, is Associate Professor of Theology Emeritus at Boston College.
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Thank you.
I did think it was interesting that he said Ignatius was a mystic, not an ascetic - I agree. Also interesting his mention of the discernment of spirits. I'm no expert but I wouldn't say discernment is an instrument of struggle but a method used to make good decisions - it can be kind of mechanically applied in some circumstances: see this by John Veltri SJ - but still it's about basing choices on interior feelings of consolation/desolation that help you discover God's desire for you.
I don't think Francis' mysticism is typically Jesuit though - he's mixed it with what seems like a more conservative devotional mysticism ... his interest in the Comunione e Liberazione movement, for instance.
oh, forgot Veltri link ... http://www.jesuits.ca/orientations/Decision-Making%20Format%20for%20Pers...
It was Karl Rahner, an SJ, not an OFM, who said, "In the days ahead, you will be either a mystic (one who has experienced God for real) or you will be nothing at all." I heard a homily, very recently, on the theme of "everything in moderation." It seems that that is an old adage of the Church that unfortunately (?) has not been heard much lately.
On the other hand, in a discussion of a bunch of ordinary guys last Wednesday, when the famous interview came up, one of them said: "When you follow the path Pope Francis is pointing to, you have to take up your cross, and you end up with maybe martyrdom. Does that becomes the deal killer?"
Someone else asked if any of us would put on war paint, dress in appropriate colors, grill brats a tailgate party in the church parking lot, go inside for a three-hour Mass and then go home and watch a football game on TV for 45 minutes. Francis has ordinary guys talking like that, which suggests, to me, that some people are resonating to what the pope is saying about what they are seeing and are thinking about giving mysticism a chance.
If pew sitters try to go beyond the culture of well-being, will they be led by their annointed leaders, or will they have to figure it out themselves? And if they figure it out themselves, what will that do to the institutional church's authority? Frankly, I was surprised at the impact Francis had on one particular group -- hardly a representative sample of everybody, but still....
"Francis insists that Christianity cannot be reduced to a moral code."
Agreed. And moral codes should not be reduced to culture wars, either.
To the extent that Ignatius was nourished at the fonts of Francis and Dominic, yes Franciscan mysticism or Dominican mysticism. But that is to stall at an inceptive moment, for what he drew from them he transformed into Ignatian mysticism. Anyone not willing to dwell on this aspect of Pope Francis' spirituality has missed the boat. He is thoroughly Ignatian. Any attempt to assimilate him to Francis or Dominic is simplistic and misses the point of the more complicated Ignatian mysticism which Francis embodies. Let us respect all the forms of mysticism that contribute to the entity we call Church and resist trying to reduce them to one or other.
Pope Francis has a strong devotion to St. Therese of Lisieux. In that famous briefcase that he carried onto the long Rome-Rio de Janeiro flight were two books, his breviary and a recent study of the spirituality of Therese. Perhaps that's why the he chose 1 October, the feast of the Little Flower, as the opening day of the meeting with the eight cardinals.
Bishop Patrick Ahern, who had an important role in having St. Therese declared a Doctor of the Church, would be delighted.
line 3: delete "the" before "he"
Agree, Alan C. Mitchell.
I remember hearing from my Benedictine teachers in parochial school, decades ago, that all Catholics incline to one of the major orders or another in their spirituality. Some are natural-born Dominicans, Franciscans, or Benedictines. I can't remember if they mentioned Carmelites and Jesuits.
Third orders, oblates, associates, etc., provide a good way for laypeople to express those inclinations.
(I prefer the Benedictine path and found retreat masters who presented the Ignatian way incomprehensible. I enjoyed the exuberance of Redemptorists but disliked Dominican and Vincentian priests. I've had little experience with Franciscan spirituality, but I think Francis is easily molded to fit whatever his devotees want him to be.)
When we talk about "mysticism" here, wouldn't it be a good idea to say what sort of "mysticism" we're talking about?
It's extremely difficult to talk about "mysticism" in general because there doesn't seem to be anything which all experiences called "mystical" have in common, except, perhaps that they're all *unusual or strange* human experiences.
The objects of the experiences so named vary wildly -- they include everything from magical gems to ghosts to visions of future events to meeting transparent extraterrestrials, not to mention "mystical" experiences of lower level things such as human souls, and the highest sort of mystical experience of God as He is in Himself. But even experiences of God or the Absolute vary widely. There are experiences of the absolute Self of the Hindus, the absolute non-person of the Buddhists, the Triune God of the Christians, and there's the meeting with the God-Who-Is-Love whom mystics at different times and places and in different religious traditions claim to have met personally. These latter experiences are always said to be ecstatic and basically indescribable.
R. C. Zaehner, a great Catholic scholar of mysticism, clarified the mystical field somewhat by showing from the writings of the greatest mystics from different religions that there are three basically different sorts of experiences which are *called* "mystical" and "religious" but which have essentially different objects. Some of them can be produced by drugs or ascetic practices and really have nothing to do with God. Only one kind is, in fact, an experience of God. Surprising to some, Zaehner says that this essentially religious kind is sometimes had by non-Catholics, including among others, Hindus, Muslims and Jews. Such mystics define their experiences as extraordinary, ineffable, ecstatic and gifts of a God who is Love. Few people have these.
I should also note that for Zaehner so-called "contemplation" of the Christian mysteries is not included in mystical experience because a lot of contemplation is not exclusively about God -- it includes thoughts about the contemplative herself and the physical world, though such prayer is also, of course, about God. Such contemplation is *religious* but not mystical. On the other hand, to complicate the terminology, some "contemplatives" (people who devote their whole lives to prayer) typically do contemplative prayer but sometimes some contemplatives also receive the gift of mystical experience in the highest sense.
Bernard McGinn, another great Catholic scholar, includes among mystics those who have the extraordinary, ecstatic experiences that are directed solely towards God, but he also includes those lesser lights (especially some medieval women) who described visions they claimed were sent to them from God or the saints. (These mystics are called "visionaries".) Their visions are purportedly messages of spiritual importance for both the mystic and those who accept her visions as true somehow.
I suspect that these days many Catholics mean by "mystical" an experience of a kind of prayer which is, as the old catechism put it, "a lifting of the mind and heart to God", but it is intended to somehow go beyond our concerns with the material world and meet with God on a purely spiritual level. (And, yes, there seem to be many spiritual levels.) I'm thinking of Centering Prayer. These prayers are more than a prayer reflecting only our mundane concerns or a prayerful process of discernment. Maybe we could call such more ambitious prayer "meta-mundane" prayer, or something like that. Any suggestions?
My point is that just talking about "mysticism" doesn't communicate much. We need to say (or try to say) what kind of prayer or experience we're referring to. Distinguishing discernment, visionary experience, contemplation, and meta-mundane prayer would be a start.
I suspect that Pope Francis is into several kinds, but he hasn't been too clear about any of it either, except the discernment.
Sorry to go on at such length but the field is vast and murky. It needs clarifying, starting with our daunting semantic problems.
Ann Olivier,
Well if you want the latest from the best scholars on mysticism, I recommend the book that my wife, Julia A. Lamm editied, The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Christian Mysticism. http://amzn.to/1fRwcgW
The book was glowingly endorsed by Bernard McGinn.
Pardon my proud boast, but my wife is really brilliant.
I wonder who the intended audience is for The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Christian Mysticism. The list price is $199.95. Even with Amazon's discount, it's $157.72. And with the Kindle version priced at $149.83, it's the first Kindle book I have come across that costs more than a Kindle! There must be a lot of wealthy mystics out there.
I did some of my graduate studies on spirituality and mental health and a chapter was devoted to mysticism (apophatic and kataphatic). I was interested in Ignatius and Eckhart. There has been a lot of neuropsychiatric research on the mystical mind and how certain methods, techniques, and processes produce a "God" consciousness or an apprehension of reality.
I think that there is a theological point as well. In that the immanentists might be on to something. That is to say that God gives birth to the "world" in the consciousness (arguably that could be the term that was meant by soul) of the human person.
In that sense while God is outside of creation as Creator, the apprehension of the divine has to somehow occur within the consciousness or world of that we inhabit. I realize that this is like panentheism but I lean more towards panentheism than the traditional view of the operation of the Creator in the world.
The medieval mystics can, therefore, be read according to strides in neuropsychiatric research. I do not see this as in anyway reducing theology to psychology. Their methods are useful in terms of assisting us to achieve heightened mental health and better adaptation to society and ultimately transformation of it.
But I do think we have to avoid a certain magical thinking whereby God somehow magically intrudes on our mind. In this respect, I think Eckhart's spark of the soul and his work is among the best and certainly deserves more prominence among the Dominicans. Also that whole Rhineland school, Mechtild of Magdeburg and many of the Beguines should be mined.
Mindfullness is really big in psychology and learning today. It is connected to emotional self regulation which has been shown to be an important contributor to success in learning.
I think the work of updating the language of the mystics is an important contribution for mystical theology today.
David Nickol,
Welcome to the world of academic books. All of the Wiley "companions" are similarly priced. Books are expensive especially specialized volumes, which may be purchased by only a few. Hopefully, you can read it in your local univerity or publis library. Trust me it is worth the read at any price.
Thank you, Alan, it looks splendid. Just what I've been wanting -- more about the Eastern Christians and especially about contemporary mystics and questions.
I don't think McGinn is ever going to finish his mammough work. At first he projected 3 volumes, and it's now up to 5, and not finishshed yet. Sigh. But the field is so huge.
Given the interest in Christian mysticism from the very beginning and even past the Reformation (though on a smaller scale) I can't help but believe that the time is ripe for lay Western Christians to take it up. And, with all their foolishness at times, I think we can mainly thank the New Agers for the current interest, and, of course, Merton was ahead of his time. But the interest is definitely there -- you'll nevere guess where I just ordered a copy from -- Walmart!! See?
David N. -- I think the Nook version is less expensive than the Kindle one.
George D. --
If you're in the mental health field you must, must, read Zaehner's "Mysticism: Sacred and Profane". He shows very clearly that some so-called "mystics" have an intuition which *in its logical structure* cannot be distinguished from a certain kind of schizophrenic thought. (Such mystics are what you call "pan-en-theists", I think.) The psychiatrists have known for a very long time that schizophrenics have trouble classifying things, and this results in their identification of things which could not possibly be classified in the ways the schizophrenic classifies them. For instance, a schizophrenic might think this way: 'Dogs have tails, and pigs have a tails, so dogs are pigs, and my dog Fido is a pig", or 'The maid cleans things, and my tooth brush cleans things, so the maid is a tooth brush'. (I should mention that this is not the only sort of thinking problem that schizophrenics have.)
Some schizophrenics identify *all* beings with all other beings in the whorl. This pattern might go like this: 'The Sun is a being, I am a being, so I'm the Sun, and the lamp post is a being, so the lamp post is the Sun and it's also me, and everything is everything, and I am everything, and I am God and God is me, and also the lamp post, etc.'. Such thinking is totally irrational, of course, but the pan-en-henic mystics find it to be an overwhelming experience, and they often remain convinced that the intuition is true. Zaehner himself had such an experience, but was otherwise quite normal (so far as I know:-) Often such mystics are otherwise quite normal. Zaehner doesn't go so far as to call them (and himself) crazy. But the similarities of the logical structure of their intuitions and that of some schizophrenic thinking are undeniable -- they're identifications of what is not identical.
These experiences are accompanied by -- or possibly are caused by -- a change in brain wave pattern. Some people, like Zaehner, have such an experience only once in their whole life, while others, such as the poet Tennyson, have them often. And, by the way, drugs can cause such experiences, and so can some physical and mental exercises.
I should note that the neuroscientists whom I read a while back (e.g., Gazziniga et al) are interested in the "cosmic" type only. They don't even seem to realize that there are other kinds! They're missing the essentially religious kind which Zaehner considers (which happens in the depths of the soul) and the kind which Zaehner calls "isolation mysticism" in which the mystic focuses inward, into her own beautiful soul, whom she sometimes mistakes for God. Those experiences have nothing to do with nature or the cosmos.
I think there's a *second* kind of genuine meeting with God, one in which the mystic becomes aware of the presence of God in nature but does NOT identify nature and herself with God. I've run across several writers who describe being gloriously aware of God's presence in the world without thinking they're God. They include Jonathan Edwards, the great Puritan theologian who loved nature so much, and also an English woman, whose name I forget, as well as Thomas Merton who experienced God-as-compassion at a Buddhist site in Asia a couple of weeks before his death. Interestingly, they were all Protestants to begin with, Merton having been initially raised as Anglican.
Complexity, complexity, complexity.
Thanks I will check out the book.
I am thinking particulary of D'Aquili and Newberg who have researched the mystical experience in terms of its psychodynamic quality and change in brain patterning.Theologians have long puzzled over the entire imago Dei and how is it that we participate in the life of God who is existence. The entire ens/esse distinction if I recall my undergraduate philosophy was a big debate. Is "esse" a noun or a verb?
But if you remove God as an absolute that stands outside of existence (for the sake of pure empirical psychological evaluation), you are left with the studying the process of prayer and meditation on the brains. This has been done with Carmelite sisters, Zen monks and so on. In fact, I recall where there was a study of how Gregorian chant had a kind of psycho-hypnotic effect on the mind. The results are that these types of meditations and practices do indeed have signficant impact and people who meditate regularly do have less addictions and generally better mental health outcomes. I am not saying that meditation is necessarily a treatment in an of itself but it certainly has positive effect. This might be due to the fact that people who are likely to be disciplined in meditaton are probably more likely to eat right, exercise, live simply and so on. But that would have to be studied.
Now the connection of God with the creation is not necessarily schizoid. It can be ecstatic. Bernanos has his hero in The Diary of a Country Priest exclaim that grace is everywhere just before he dies.
In the mystical process there is a kind of psychotic break with reality however this break does not lead to dissolution, fragmentation, fear but instead towards integration, connectedness and wholeness. There has been at least some research done on finding clinical criteria to distinguish the shizophrenic experience from the mystical one.
Mystics like Eckhart were brought up on charges of heresy for flirting with some of these ideas and the official teaching Church has always had an ambivalence around mysticism; in part due to fears of superstition, new age charltanism, etc but also because authority is vested in places outside of the official institutional Church. I think the church can provide an important critical weight so that enthusiasm do not go too far but they can also squelch the movement of the spirit as well.
Ann commented early on: "It's extemely difficult to talk about 'mysticism' in general." Ensuing comments have made interesting points, but it seems to me they have neglected the specificity of Christian mysticism (whether Franciscan, Dominican, or Ignatian).
The point of the post (and I dare say of the Pope) is to suggest that Christian mysticism is always cruciform, in this it is deeply rooted in Pauline soil: "Far be it from me to glory except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ by which the world has been crucified to me and I to the world" (Gal 6:14).
Louis Bouyer's "Introduction to the Spiritual Life" (which is being reprinted and is due out in November) makes the point that Christian mysticism is not some exotic flower, but the grace-endowed fulfillment of the new life initiated in baptism.
The real "complexity" of Christianity remains the scandal of the cross.
Complexity, complexity, complexity.
I prefer: Mystery, mystery, mystery.
"The real "complexity" of Christianity remains the scandal of the cross.
Exactly. All the other verbiage is confusing. Maybe we need the 200 dollar book to figure it out. But I wonder if anybody here gave a clear definition or description of any of the so called mysticisms. In general I mistrust mystics.
Thank you so much, Fr. Imbelli, for passing this along. "The temptation of spiritual well-being" is a fabulous phrase, because I take it he doesn't mean spiritual smugness or self-satisfaction, but actual spiritual well-being. I occasionally find myself in discussions of the differences between Christianity and Buddhism, and this strikes me as a phrase that would start a good conversation. The way of the cross is preached in the gospel right to the end, and the agony in the garden on the night before is experienced precisely by the most spiritually advanced guy in the room.
A chilling thought: as a preacher, I'm pretty sure no one would hear the "prosperity gospel" in my sermons, but I'm not so sure about the spritual-prosperity gospel, rooted in images like "a tree standing by streams of water, which bears fruit in due season." Spiritual well-being as itself a temptation is a very deep (and foreboding) place to go in a 10 minute sermon, but then just a couple of weeks ago we heard about Jesus look around at the large crowd in front of him and leading with ""Whoever comes to me and does not hate father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters, yes, and even life itself, cannot be my disciple." Somebody remind me of this around Ash Wednesday!
I guess I'll never understand why the cross is more important than what Jesus preached or than his resurrection.
The cross includes all that he preached and led to the Resurrection. The Cross is important because it preeminently places the life of the Spirit over all temporal greed and ambition. The Cross is intrinsically linked with the last shall be first and the humble shall be exalted. As in today's Gospel. Lazarus lives while the greedy rich man perishes.
Well Abe that is a really funny image. I think it underscores that we have not done the best job we could have in explaining the cross, as part of discipleship, in decades.
But Crystal is right in that it needs also be inserted within the totality of the paschal mystery including, and especially, the resurrection.
our preaching of the mystery of Christ crucified is always inadequate; but we should not have any illusions: the cross remains "a scandal to Jews and folly to Greeks" ... and, of course, to ourselves.
of the innumerable ways of pondering the mystery of the cross, one is to take Pope Francis's episcopal motto: "Miserando atque Eligendo" -- "Having Mercy and Choosing." The cross is the sacramental sign of God's mercy upon us and of choosing us to become God's beloved sons and daughters in Christ. God's love for us becomes transparent in the self-gift of Christ, as Romans 8 proclaims.
Thanks everyone for the replies. I can't help wondering if much of what we find significant in Jesus dying via torture/murder is a result of early Christians needing an explanation for why things had gone so terribly wrong. Would it be so much different if Jesus had died a natural death in old age and then was resurrected? The atonement idea - that Jesus had to suffer/die for our sins - seems another way of saying that if we had not been bad, there would have been no incarnation (felix culpa). An interesting article ... http://www.americancatholic.org/Newsletters/CU/ac1202.asp
"As with his namesake, the poor man of Assisi, at the heart of Pope Francis's mysticism is the cross."
"The point of the post (and I dare say of the Pope) is to suggest that Christian mysticism is always cruciform, in this it is deeply rooted in Pauline soil: "Far be it from me to glory except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ by which the world has been crucified to me and I to the world" (Gal 6:14)."
Fr Imbelli --
You seem to think that for Pope Francis suffering is a major point of "Christian mysticism", even its foundation. I have to wonder just what Francis' meaning of "mysticism" is. Surely in the mystical experiences of Teresa of Avila and St. John of the Cross there was no suffering there among the lilies.
Does the Italian word he used have a somewhat different connotation from the meanings of "mysticism" in English? Does it mean something even more general, e.g., "spirituality"? Or something narrower, maybe. (In English, as i wrote above, it has many different meanings.)
"No suffering among the lillies"? John of the Cross wrote most of two of his greatest works in a prison, into which fellow Catholics had thrown him for disturbing the faithful. You have read his gamboling deer against the background, or all you get is a gloss on the Song of Songs.
'I have to wonder just what Francis' meaning of "mysticism" is. Surely in the mystical experiences of Teresa of Avila and St. John of the Cross there was no suffering there among the lilies. '
I guess one question is whether for Francis "mysticism" encompasses something larger than "mystical experience." A phrase like "Dark night of the soul" suggests that suffering was involved at some point in the process for John of the Cross.
Thanks to Ann for prompting me to return to the first volume of Bernard McGinn's magisterial work on Christian mysticism. As I understand him, he speaks of mysticism in the Christian tradition as a heightened awareness of the presence of God mediated by Jesus Christ in his paschal mystery. Thus McGinn expands the notion of mysticism beyond "extraordinary experiences."
It is this that I sought to underscore when I mentioned above that Christian mysticism is rooted in the soil of baptism and is its grace-endowed flowering.
I find that two participants in this blog, Larry Cunningham and Frtiz Bauerschmidt, have written very helpfully about mysticism understood in this sense. Larry's article in Commonweal (October 2, 2011), "Near to God: Demystifying Mysticism" and Fritz's "Introduction" to his book, Why the Mystics Matter Now.
And I agree with Tom Blackburn and Mark Preece that one cannot evade the purifying and transforming nature of The Living Flame of Love. For the self-love of illusion and addiction must be purged before true union can be achieved. Or in Ignatian terms, one cannot detour around the third week of the Exercises to arrive at the joy of the fourth week. For otherwise, the "God" we find in all things may too easily be an idol of our own fabrication.
The cross may entail suffering, but it is not suffering for the sake of suffering, but for authentic love of God and neighbor.
It's true that there can be no resurrection without death, but it's the necessity of suffering to a good spiritual outcome that I question - that badness is needed to make good better.
Crystal --
As I see it, badness is necessary to repair badness, not make goodness better.
Hi Ann,
I'm just thinking about why Jesus being killed (as opposed to dying of natural causes) is so important to so many - why it's not the resurrection that's important instead of Jesus' suffering beforehand. It seems as though many think that the suffering made Jesus' death more significant. This implies that God needs evil (suffering) to make a good outcome (the resurrection) better than it would have been otherwise. David Bentley Hart said of this idea ... "To suggest that evil can serve to increase the good sounds marvelous and dramatic; it is also quite heretical and quite philosophically incoherent."
But if evil (and suffering) is transformed in love, as Jesus does on the cross, then the good is not destroyed but vindicated. And the God of love raises his Son, Jesus, from the dead.
Crystal --
But Jesus' acceptance of suffering ^showed us how to love^ others by suffering with and for them so that they won't have to suffer. It's the acceptance of suffering for the sake of someone else that makes it something more than just pain. By HIs suffering he showed us how to love others, or, I should say, one way to show our love of others. But we resist that lesson -- we just want to hug babies and cheer our loved ones and other pleasant loving acts to show our love. But the acceptance of pain for/with the sake of others is the surest way to show love, I think. It doesn't *pay* for something good, it just shows willingness to put the other first even when it hurts.
The pleasant ways of showing love can be faked easily, though love can be faked in many ways. We can even fool ourselves that we are being loving of others when we're really loving ourselves. I think once more of Walt in the last episode of BB when he finally admits "Everything that I did, I did for myself"". He faked his love for his family, or at least they really came in second for him, until the very end when he saw himself as he really was. (That show is obsessive! :-)
Thanks Ann and Fr. I.


text:
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text: More from SI New Tampa Bay Buccaneers uniform features throwback ora... New Tampa Bay Buccaneers uniform features throwback ora... 'More menacing skull' highlights Tampa Bay Buccaneers g... 'More menacing skull' highlights Tampa Bay Buccaneers g... NFL now has three legitimate Los Angeles stadium sites... NFL now has three legitimate Los Angeles stadium sites... Everything you need to know about the footballs that wi... Everything you need to know about the footballs that wi... Peyton Manning, other NFL Sports Illustrated Sportsmen... Peyton Manning, other NFL Sports Illustrated Sportsmen... Fans celebrate Halloween at stadiums around league in W... Fans celebrate Halloween at stadiums around league in W... NFL unveils new Pro Bowl uniforms NFL unveils new Pro Bowl uniforms Close Tweet0 Share0 Comment0 Share0 Share0 Stumble It0 Print0 More Audibles Eagles go quietly into the night as Newton fuels a Carolina victory by Chris Burke Add Favorite Favorite Added Twitter Email Posted: Tue Nov. 27, 2012 The struggling Eagles simply couldn't contain Cam Newton, who accounted for four TDs. (Getty Images)Hearing boos at home is nothing new for the Eagles. It's part and parcel of playing in front of the rabid and notoriously cranky Philadelphia fans, especially during this disappointing season.The sound that hovered over Lincoln Financial Field on Monday night, during a 30-22 Carolina win that dropped the Eagles to 3-8, was entirely new -- and, for the Philadelphia players, had to be much, much more painful.Silence.When rookie Brandon Boykin fumbled a kickoff with less than five minutes left, only a few hearty souls at Philadelphia's less-than-full stadium could even muster the energy to let fly the catcalls. Moments later, as Philadelphia linebacker Mychal Kendricks picked up a crucial holding penalty, even those most devoted and devastated diehards sat quietly.The resignation, at least amongst the fan base, reached a maximum level Monday night. A little less than two months ago, Andy Reid's team sat at 3-1, coming off a victory over the Giants.Now, they've lost seven in a row, have an injury list long enough to reach across Delaware Bay and appear headed toward an offseason full of changes following this Murphy's Law-inspired season."We're going to keep battling," embattled Eagles coach Andy Reid answered when asked if he thought this collapse would cost him his job. "I'm going to control what I can control and that's getting better as a team. I've got to do a better job at that."I'm worried about winning football games and making sure I can get my players coached up."Reid's team did receive a shot in the arm from rookie running back Bryce Brown, who stepped in for an injured LeSean McCoy, and did his best to provide some energy. Brown ripped off 178 yards rushing on 19 carries and scored twice.The problem, as has been the theme all season with the Eagles, was that even that terrific performance was overshadowed by mistakes. Brown coughed up the football twice in the second half, killing an Eagles drive in the third quarter and helping to set up a Carolina field goal later."Bryce really did what we thought he could do coming into the game," Reid said. "He's a talented kid, it's a shame he had the two fumbles -- he was on a roll. He'll learn from it. He's a smart kid, very talented. Bright, bright future."Reid likely will not be around to witness those better days. Owner Jeffrey Lurie essentially issued a playoffs-or-bust ultimatum to Reid before the season began.Unless something miraculous happens, the Eagles will fall well short of that goal.The majority of the blame will fall on Reid -- he even pointed the finger at himself Monday night, especially when it came to two early busted coverages on defense, which led to a pair of Cam Newton TD passes. If there is any defense left for Philadelphia's coach, it's that his team is ravaged by injuries. Brown started alongside another rookie, QB Nick Foles, with Michael Vick out, and when DeSean Jackson left in the first quarter after a hard hit, Philadelphia was down to just three of 11 Week 1 starters on offense (Jeremy Maclin, Brent Celek and Evan Mathis).And yet, Carolina arrived in Philadelphia with problems of its own -- not the least of which were a 2-8 record and losses in seven of the past eight games.The Panthers, unlike the flailing Eagles, kept their mistakes to a bare minimum Monday. More than that, as Foles struggled in his second start, Newton thrived. He threw for 306 yards and a pair of touchdowns, plus ran for two more, in a do-everything performance that served as a reminder of his talent level."It means a lot, on prime-time football, in front of America," Newton told ESPN. "We've just got to get our confidence back, get that swag back and finish strong."Newton's sophomore slump has been one of the NFL season's great mysteries. He exploded onto the scene with 35 total touchdowns in 2011, giving the Panthers hope that they could contend for a playoff spot this year. Instead, they've bottomed out in the NFC South, while Newton's numbers have plummeted.But while Monday served as the nail in the coffin for Philadelphia's season, it did the opposite for the Panthers, providing a glimmer of hope that they could close strong and make 2013 everything they wanted 2012 to be."(The win) means everything," Carolina linebacker Luke Kuechly told the NFL Network. "All the hard work we've put in, we finally get the benefit."Optimistically, he added: "We've still got a shot at the playoffs. We can run the table here and see what happens."Mathematically, that's true for both Carolina and Philadelphia. An 8-8 mark might sneak an NFC team into the postseason, should a massive list of scenarios play out just right. The reality, though, is that both of Monday night's combatants are playing for pride, playing to establish some positives in a lost season."They're going to make some mistakes," Reid said of his inexperienced team. "We've got to live with some of that right now ... get better at it as we go along." Whether Reid's the catalyst for a reversal of fortune or not, it's hard to imagine Philadelphia drifting much further down. At this point, the Eagles gladly would listen to a stadium's worth of boos rather than endure another silent night. More Audibles


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Etty Flower Scrunch
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Take comfort in knowing the hip styling of the Etty Collection is ready for all of your fall adventures.
- Material variety is fashionable and stylish
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Heel Height: 13 mm [.51 in.]
Highly shock-absorbent cushioning protects the heel at impact
Etty Flower Scrunch is rated out of 5 by 4.
Rated 1 out of 5 by Bluejay from If comfort is what you're looking for, skip these. I probably cannot fully convey how disappointed I am with this purchase. The shoes cut in nastily in the following areas: at the back of the foot, somewhere between the Retro-Calcaneal Bursa and the Achilles tendon; and across the top of the foot and into the Sesamoid Bone. With these discomforts, it's almost impossible to tell if the footbed is comfortable; moreover, it really wouldn't matter, would it? That would be like saying, "It hurts when you pull out my fingernails, but I don't have a headache!" To top it off, the leather on these shoes is hard as a rock, and I don't know how correct the sizing is - I wear other medium width shoes in the same size (in fact, shoes that are not billed as being ultra supportive and comfortable) with success, and I can't even conceive of cramming my feet into these. To summarize, if you're in the market for a comfortable flat, which you likely are if you're considering these, I would advise you move on to something else.
Date published: 2013-01-21
Rated 4 out of 5 by Walkamile from Love the shoe I love the style of this shoe. My only issue is with the upper edge that runs around the top of your foot. It is a bit tight and I am hoping it will stretch out. They stay on my feet well, no slipping heel, and the arch support is fine. Overall, very happy with them.
Date published: 2012-12-18
Rated 5 out of 5 by MomInMiami from Super Cute and Comfy! adorable with shorts or skirts or sundresses. Great materials. Very comfy!
Date published: 2013-01-11
Rated 3 out of 5 by anonasan from ok Very stylish but not comfortable. Hope it will get better.
Date published: 2013-11-15


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The Summit High boys' football team's 21-14 overtime loss at the hands of Arvada Friday was a back-and-forth contest featuring two lead swaps, with the Tigers ahead 14-6 at halftime and tied 14-all at the end of regulation.
With less than a minute left in overtime, Arvada grabbed the lead with a touchdown pass on a first and 18. In the final Tigers possession, senior quarterback Sean Farley returned to the field after sitting the majority of the second half with a hip flexor injury that left him unable to run. Head coach Dylan Hollingsworth said he saw the Bulldog's heavy protection on the running game and needed Farley's arm for the win.
After gaining a yard, the injured quarterback threw a fade to senior receiver Markeith McDonald, who caught the ball but didn't have enough of a grasp to keep it from bouncing out as he came down. Had he maintained possession, the Tigers would have forced a second overtime.
With two more downs left to make up the deficit, Farley overthrew to Coy Coker and on the next play. On the final play Farley once again looked to the endzone, but threw an interception.
"It was an exciting game. It was extremely disappointing," Hollingsworth said, adding that mistakes and penalties again became the Achilles heel for his team, changing the momentum of the game at a moment's notice.
In particular, the team came out in the second half ahead 14-6, but their opening drive was plagued with a triplet of penalties that stalled the drive for the Tigers.
With nothing gained in two running attempts following a poor punt return due to miscommunication, quarterback Farley completed a pass on third and nine - which was nullified by a block in the back. Instead of sitting pretty at first and 10 on the 25-yard-line, the team was pushed back to third and 17. Two offsides calls put them at the three-yard-line.
"Those three penalties in a row were absolute back-breakers for that drive," Hollingsworth said. Not long after that, Farley left the field, putting running back Nic Berry in the quarterback position and leaving the team unable to make plays happen.
"That (injury) without question changed the dynamic of the game," Hollingsworth said.
After trading possessions, the Bulldogs scored and despite heavy pressure, the quarterback threw to the endzone for the two-point conversion, tying the game. With less than 30 seconds left in regulation play, Arvada missed a field goal attempt, sending the game into overtime.
Hollingsworth commended Farley's play during Friday's game.
"Sean Farley was absolutely on fire in the first half. He had almost 90 yards rushing the first half and 115 yards passing, with 8 of 10 completions. One of the incomplete passes was a dropped pass," Hollingsworth said. "He had his best game this season by far."
The head coach also complimented his defense, saying Ben Sloan tallied nine tackles while Duncan Roberts put pressure on the Bulldog quarterback. Though, he added that the "big problem" Friday night was giving up six third-downs where Arvada had to recover more than 10 yards.
"To me, that was another huge turning point in the game. It was about who could make things happen on the third-down conversion," Hollingsworth said.
On offense, Berry did well slipping into the quarterback roll, and Vince Flores ran for 45 yards, setting up one of the team's touchdowns.
The Tigers' loss came after breaking their losing streak in a 31-13 home-turf win over Alameda last week, and the Bulldogs took a step in the right direction following a 55-20 defeat in its previous game against Lutheran. Summit (2-6, 1-3 league) faces off with Conifer (6-2, 3-1 league) next week in its final 3A Metro-West game.
"We have Conifer this week. They beat D'Evelyn, they beat Lutheran, they have one loss in the conference," Hollingsworth said. "This week, we have to buckle down and take care of business. ... We're down to two games. There's no postseason. We need to make the most of the last two weeks."


text:
Make Someone Happy and Win a Patch
The ratio of views to ratings on any given Instructable are abysmal. Ratings encourage Instructable writers to write more Instuctalbes. I have 100 patches to give out to members who rate 10 Instructables, they have to be 'ibles you have not rated before now - so get back to me here and tell me you did it (I will believe you) and I'll send you a Thank You Patch (pictured below). This has the potential to make 1,000 'ible authors very happy.
I rated all 19 of your Ibles 5. If you don't have any more patches. It's okay. I would've rated most of them 5 anyway.
Thank you, but this is not about me, it's about rating 'ibles. I'm sorry that you thought this was about rating my ibles, I work for Instructables, that is why I have patches to give out. I hope in the future you will rate all the 'ibles you read. I will patch you anyway but I feel pretty sheepish about it.
Thanks for the patch. I never new that you worked at Instructables. Cool! :)
I rated about 16 'ibles... do you have any more patches? If you don't its okay.
Keep up your ratings, it's great to hear you have rated so many. You be patched now.
You said id be patched 4 months ago...
Well you are now patched, thanks for letting me know, I don't know how that happened.
I hope I'm not too late...I did something like 13...give or take 1...
Not too late at all, you be patched!
I did it! Is it too late?
Do me a favor and let me know how many I have given out and I will patch you. I know I am close...
I see 24.
I counted again and i see 18
i rate almost every ible i come across, does it count?
I just did it ! I gave 10 ratings and 1 extra rating coz I felt like it !
Hope Im not too late to have a look at this!
Hope Im not too late to have a look at this!
You b patched!
I did it! I don't know if it's too late to get a patch, but at least I made people happy! :)
Double yay!
It's not too late - you are now patched!
I did it. all 10, well 12 actually. i lost count twice so i did twelve haha.
You be patched! (a little late as I was out of town).
He is so cute!!!!!!!!!!1 I will come back after I have rated 10 people. No 11 one for good measure. I will try and find those who don't have any ratings.
Thanks - he is from a quilt I made, you be patched my dear.
Awesome! Thanks for the patch.
Okay! I made a lot of people happy! I had fun making them happy! I left comments and made them happy. I subscribed to a few also! This patch looks so cute!
I always rate stuff, and try to comment too. :D I know it'd make me feel better to get some decent ratings, so I try to do that to others.
I'll be back after I comment/rate a few new 'Ibles!
I'll be back after I comment/rate a few new 'Ibles!
I'm back! Did probably more than 10 just to be safe, and since I like doing it anyway. :D
(On another note, I've discovered that even though my cats are apparently too finicky for my first few batches of the treats I made using your Instructable, my friend's dog LOVES LOVES LOVES them! I added some lavender to a batch and they smell slightly better too! :D)
(On another note, I've discovered that even though my cats are apparently too finicky for my first few batches of the treats I made using your Instructable, my friend's dog LOVES LOVES LOVES them! I added some lavender to a batch and they smell slightly better too! :D)
I'm impressed with your 'ibles after I checked them out - and subscribed, there is another forum thing like this one where you subscribe to 5 people and get a patch.
Great to hear, you be patched!
Thank you! :D
I have done it! and I have made a lot of people happy ( I rated 50 ibles 4.5)
I did it too!
100 patches this time?
100 patches this time?
Me 2 - you be patched again!
I did it! :-D
You're done - thank you!
i just did it i hope there are some patches left
Was that fast or what? Thank you ever so much!
Yay i did it. i'm going back and rating things i'v done or wish i had done
Thank you! - you are patched, I hope rating becomes a habit. I have to go check out your 'ibles now- they look pretty cool.
Ah they're not that great. Mostly to the fact I write them instead of doing homework and i have next to no tools/materials. I want to make an instructable in the workshop at school which is pretty much my favourite place
You should get your teacher involved here - they have great support for teachers to use 'ibles in the classroom, there have been projects done on here that a whole school class did together.
I could have written up the trebuchet we made in engineering last term but its dismantled now. Also my class only has about 5 people that actually do anything at all
just rated like 15 or more alot of them look very instering..
Great, you're patched, keep it up!
now ive rated like 20 some more lol
I got carried away & did about 20 :-) I will be sure to remember to rate many more in future after all I would like others to rate mine.
Thank you, you are patched!
Success, although I didn't catch the "You haven't rated before now", well, there are 10 more non-unrated instructables....
You are patched! Thank you even more for the mis-read.
I did!
Me too! You are patched and thank you!
I rated 10! For some reason when I look at 'ibles I never think about rating them, but I will try to rate more often now. AI
You are not only patched but are in for some pleasant surprises...
Thank you, I have never had an instructable featured before, and now I just got 4 within 5 minutes. :)
I just did it. I'm going to try to rate Ibles more often. :-)
You are a champ, thank you!
More than 10! I'm definitely trying to be better about reading an Instructable and rating it. Baaah!
More than thanks! You are patched!
Good thread - I'm not telling how many I've rated recently.
I've rated them. Not just 10 random ones though, most of them that have inspired me in the past, and present =)
YOU are inspiring, you're patched!
I usually either rate 5 stars or dont rate at all...
...Anyways, I just rated 10.
...Anyways, I just rated 10.
You are now patched - thanks!
I did it! :)
Me too - you're patched!
I just rated ten of them! Great idea, by the way. Where did you get so many patches?
Now, now, didn't your mom tell you never to ask a woman that kind of question?
I just did it
You're great, I just sent it.
I shan't do it right away, but I'll be back when I've rated 10 :)
Me too