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Chances are, you haven't heard of A008, which sounds like a new secret agent. In fact, there's nothing secret about it-but there might as well be, considering how little many business aircraft owners know about its potentially deadly impact.
Business Jet Traveler » April 2007
April 1, 2007
April 1, 2007
What you'll pay for air charter varies not only by aircraft but by region. Here are the average per-hour rates for popular aircraft nationally and in the South Central U.S., now and a year ago. Look for price data for other parts of the country in future issues.
April 1, 2007
While the major fractional providers are still selling plenty of business-jet shares, recent reports indicate that they're also repurchasing existing shares at a rapid rate. As a result, net growth (sales minus repurchases) is at the lowest level in years.
April 1, 2007
If insuring a jet were like insuring a car, you wouldn't need this article-or much help at all. You'd simply call your insurance agent, tell him what model you were buying, make a few quick decisions about coverage limits and be done with it.
April 1, 2007
Miami is often called the unofficial capital of Latin America. During the last 25 years, it has taken on a much greater international flavor and cemented its place as a hub of finance, trade and transportation. The metropolitan area's airports have played a big role in this growth.
April 1, 2007
If a desire to see the world helped entice a young Hank Cintron to sign up for military service, it's a good bet that he wasn't disappointed. He joined the Army from an ROTC program at the University of Puerto Rico at age 21 in 1975, and by the time he retired as a lieutenant colonel two decades later, he had worked everywhere from Venezuela and Nicaragua to Germany and Kuwait.
April 1, 2007
Stand in a trout stream holding a fly rod for as many hours and days as the patience of your partner back home and the indulgence of your boss, employees or stockholders will permit. Sooner or later, you'll catch a spotted porpoise of a fish so improbably outsized for the shallow confines of the freshwater creek where it swims that you won't believe it.
April 1, 2007
Cessna was late to the very light jet party. When the company first announced the Citation Mustang, in 2002, it refused to call it a light jet. Cessna CEO Jack Pelton to this day refuses to label the airplane a VLJ and instead describes it as a "downward defense of the product line."
April 1, 2007
Ask a pilot what keeps an airplane in the sky and he'll most likely talk about the forces of lift, thrust, gravity and drag; power-to-weight ratios; and possibly "airfoils"-the word used to describe the wings' shape. Or maybe he'll answer simply, "Your credit card." Either way, it's not much comfort when you're eight miles above terra firma with no visible means of support.
April 1, 2007
In an ideal world, you'd have it all-a Wi-Fi Internet connection, e-mail access on your BlackBerry, four bars of signal strength on your cellphone and 200 channels of satellite television on a big, flat high-definition screen, all from the comfort of your seat in the cabin. In short, you'd have technologies that would make your time in the air more like your time on the ground.
"Build your own dreams, or someone else will hire you to build theirs. "
-Businessman, writer and motivational speaker Farrah Gray
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One billion people will die from tobacco-related causes by the end of the century if current consumption trends continue, according to a global report released Thursday by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Read this
Originally Posted by senaratne
Originally Posted by narayanufgNo, this isn't evidence of anything. You don't need the bible to tell you smoking is harmful,

subset: commoncrawl


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Even though the playoffs (insert Jim Mora's classic "Playoffs?!� Playoffs?!" rant) are out of reach for 2014, it is still interesting to watch the Red Sox - particularly a late game from the Left Coast on a peaceful Friday night.
Last night was note-worthy because we got to see Allen Webster pitch and show that he has been able to rebound from his last outing - which was notable for his sheer lack of command.� Staked to another 3 - 0 lead yesterday, Webster promptly allowed 2 runs back in the bottom of the 3rd, but the quasi-rookie was able to regain and then retain his confidence, turning in 6.2 quality innings while allowing only 4 hits and walking 2.
It would be good for Boston's immediate and long-term future if Webster is able to harness his abilities and begin to pitch with some sense of consistency.� Having watched him on his semi-frequent shuttle rides from Pawtucket to Boston over the past two summers�it is evident that he has an arsenal of quality pitches, but he seems to lose faith in his abilities and in himself when he encounters a few bumps in the road.� Last night looked to be another chance for Webster to face an early hook, but he battled through it and perhaps this is that elusive watershed moment when a young pitcher begins to mature.� For the better part of his time in Boston� - since being acquired in the mega salary dump of 2012 - Webster has emulated Clay Buchholz on the mound - a guy that thinks too much about what might go wrong rather than thinking that there is no way this batter can get to me.
Webster's 6+ enabled John Farrell to bring in Tommy Layne to record a single out and bridge the team to Junichi Tazawa in the 8th and Koji Uehara in the 9th.� Uehara's inning was a little dicey, but Farrell's insertion of Jackie Bradley Jr. into centerfield for defensive purposes was crucial (watch Sox in 2 today to check out Bradley's flying catches) and the manager deserves a tip of the cap for paying attention to detail and moving Brock Holt to right in the later innings and using Bradley Jr. to the team's advantage.
It was nice also to see the new look top of the line-up (Holt, Pedroia, Ortiz, Cespedes, Napoli) produce in this one - the 0 for 4 by Ortiz notwithstanding.
In the end, it was a good win for the Sox and a very good outing by Webster.� The young man still has 8 or 9 starts this season that can help set him up for a spot in the rotation next year and if pitches like he did last night it will give the organization one less question to answer in 2015.
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text: Skydiving.com is proud to have a skydiving network that services Bronx County, NY and the surrouding areas. Have you been dreaming of taking the plunge in Bronx County for some time? No worries. Give Skydiving.com a call today at 1-800-617-7948 to inquire about skydiving in Bronx County, NY or any other county surrounding Bronx County!


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I am not familiar with 3D graphics, and I'd like to know the right way to render some 2D figures on different points of a wider face of a 3D object. My 3D object is just a cube representing a poker table. I have a 2D png for players' placeholders, and I'd like to render these figures on the 3D object where needed. An alternative solution would be to render the whole face with a big picture containing all the placeholders figures. However, it would be a waste of memory and thus less efficient.
What do you suggest?


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For the last 2 batches of beer I've used a swamp cooler to cool off the plastic bucket fermenter. The cooling worked well, but on both batches, there was a bit of mold growing on the outside and/or under the rim of the bucket where the wet towel was. I added some sanitizer to the water in the last batch, but it didn't seem to help. Adding bleach to the water seems like a bad idea. Would there be any chance of bleach or another mold-killer ruining my bucket and/or beer from the outside? Is there something safe I can add to the water to keep the mold and other nasties at bay?
I've used bleach before without any problems. I can't imagine it seeping through the bucket into the beer, unless you use 100% bleach instead of water...
The amount of bleach required to sanitize water is something ridiculously low, so if its freaking you out, then just make sure you only use a little at a time.
"Most emergency experts and health officials suggest a mixture of 8 drops of bleach to a gallon of generally clear water for best results." - http://www.csgnetwork.com/h2oemergencypurifycalc.html
I'd suggest adding a few ounces of bleach every 2-3 days, rather than throwing in a quart the 1st day and leaving it, as it doesn't take much bleach to purify the water, but bleach does evaporate out of the water within a day or so.
Bleach is a good choice. But how long are you leaving the fermenter in the bucket? Usually after the first few days temp control is much less critical. I remove my fermenter from the bucket of water after a week and don't see any mold.
I think I would try using several towels and replace and wash them every couple of days.
There are professional additives that are used in labs to keep mold from growing in water baths and humidity pans inside incubators. Do you know anyone who works in a lab? Can you find a lab supply store in your area (there is almost always one to supply schools and child care facilities with science equipment). I don't know what the chemical is, I'll try to figure it out next time I see a bottle.
Bleach will work to reduce growth in the water, but it will not "combat" the mold that has already grown. You'll need to scrub and sanitize any areas where you can visually see mold, otherwise it will simply grow back in the same area.


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Is there a generally agreed upon definition for what a programming abstraction is, as used by programmers? [Note, programming abstraction is not to be confused with dictionary definitions for the word "abstraction."] Is there an unambiguous, or even mathematical definition? What are some clear examples of abstractions?
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closed as too broad by MichaelT, Bart van Ingen Schenau, Martijn Pieters, Dan Pichelman, GlenH7 Feb 24 '14 at 14:48
There are either too many possible answers, or good answers would be too long for this format. Please add details to narrow the answer set or to isolate an issue that can be answered in a few paragraphs.If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
The answer to "Can you define what a programming abstraction is more or less mathematically?" is "no." Abstraction is not a mathematical concept. It would be like asking someone to explain the color of a lemon mathematically.
If you want a good definition though: abstraction is the process of moving from a specific idea to a more general one. For example, take a look at your mouse. Is it wireless? What kind of sensor does it have? How many buttons? Is it ergonomic? How big is it? The answers to all of these questions can precisely describe your mouse, but regardless of what the answers are, it's still a mouse, because it's a pointing device with buttons. That's all it takes to be a mouse. "Silver Logitech MX518" is a concrete, specific item, and "mouse" is an abstraction of that. An important thing to think about is that there's no such concrete object as a "mouse", it's just an idea. The mouse on your desk is always something more specific - it's an Apple Magic Mouse or a Dell Optical Mouse or a Microsoft IntelliMouse - "mouse" is just an abstract concept.
Abstraction can be layered and as fine- or coarse-grained as you like (an MX518 is a mouse, which is a pointing object, which is a computer peripheral, which is an object powered by electricity), can go as far as you want, and in virtually any direction you want (my mouse has a wire, meaning I could categorize it as an objects with a wire. It's also flat on the bottom, so I could categorize it as a kind of objects that won't roll when placed upright on an inclined plane).
Object oriented programming is built on the concept of abstractions and families or groups of them. Good OOP means choosing good abstractions at the appropriate level of detail that make sense in the domain of your program and don't "leak". The former means that classifying a mouse as an object that won't roll on an inclined plane doesn't make sense for an application that inventories computer equipment, but it might make sense for a physics simulator. The latter means that you should try to avoid "boxing yourself in" to a hierarchy that doesn't make sense for some kind of objects. For example, in my hierarchy above, are we sure that all computer peripherals are powered by electricity? What about a stylus? If we want to group a stylus into the "peripheral" category, we'd have a problem, because it doesn't use electricity, and we defined computer peripherals as objects that use electricity. The circle-ellipse problem is the best known example of this conundrum.
I categorically disagree with most of the answers.
This is my answer:
This is from the theory of abstract interpretation of computer programs, which typically is a static analysis approach to date.
Abstraction is more focus on
For example, this site provides a system for asking questions and answering them. Almost everyone here knows what are the procedures for asking, answering, voting and other things of this site. But very few knows what are the underlying technologies. Like whether the site was developed with ASP.net mvc or Python, whether this runs on a Windows or a Linux server etc. Because that is none of our business. So, this site is keeping an abstraction layer over its underlying mechanism to us providing the service.
Some other examples:
An abstraction is just the programming version of a theorem.
You have a formal system, you propose a thought about that system. You do a proof of it, and if it works out, then you have a theorem. Knowing that your theorem holds, you can then use it in further proofs about the system. Primitives provided by the system (like if statements and int value types) would typically be seen as axioms, although that isn't strictly true since anything that isn't CPU instructions written in machine code is a kind of abstraction.
In functional programming, the idea of a program as a mathematical statement is very strong, and often the type system (in a strong, statically typed language like Haskell, F#, or OCAML) can be used for testing theoremhood through proofs.
For example: let us say that we have addition and equality checking as primitive operations, and integers and booleans as primitive data types. These are our axioms. So we can say that
Now let us suppose we want multiplication, and our primitives (for brevity's sake) include a looping construct and a means to assign symbolic references. We could suggest that
I'm going to pretend I proved that, demonstrating that multiplication holds. Now I can use multiplication to do more stuff with my system (the programming language).
I can also check my type system. (*) has a type of int -> int -> int. It takes 2 ints and outputs an int. Addition has a type of int -> int -> int so the 0 + (rest) holds as long as (rest) results in an int. My loop could be doing all kinds of things, but I'm saying it outputs a chain of curried functions such that (x + (x + (x... + 0))) is the result. The form of that addition chain is just (int -> (int -> (int ... -> int))) so I know my final output will be an int. So my type system held up the results of my other proof!
Compound this sort of idea over many years, many programmers, and many lines of code, and you have modern programming languages: a hearty set of primitives and huge libraries of "proven" code abstractions.
A programming abstraction is a simplified model of a problem.
For example, a TCP/IP connection is an abstraction over sending data. You merely include an ip address and a port number and send it off to the API. You aren't concerned with all the details of the wires, signals, message formats, and failures.
Would Wikipedia's answer be good enough? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstraction_%28programming%29
Well, mathematically, "integer" is an abstraction. And when you do formal proofs like that x+y = y+x for all integers, you're working with the abstraction "integer" rather than specific numbers like 3 or 4. That same thing happens in software development when you interact with the machine at a level above registers and memory locations. You can think more powerful thoughts at a more abstract level, in most cases.
You're getting good answers here. I would only caution - people think abstraction is somehow this wonderful thing that needs to be put on a pedestal, and that you can't get enough of. It is not. It is just common sense. It is just recognizing the similarities between things, so you can apply a problem solution to a range of problems.
Permit me a peeve...
High on my list of annoyances is when people speak of "layers of abstraction" as if that's a good thing. They make "wrappers" around classes or routines they don't like, and call them "more abstract", as if that will make them better. Remember the fable of the "Princess and the Pea"? The princess was so delicate that if there was a pea under her mattress she wouldn't be able to sleep, and adding more layers of mattresses would not help. The idea that adding more layers of "abstraction" will help is just like that - usually it doesn't. It just means that any change to the base entity has to be rippled through multiple layers of code.
I think you might find a blog post of mine on leaky abstractions useful. Here is the relevant background:
Abstraction is a mechanism to help take what is common among a set of related program fragments, remove their differences, and enable programmers to work directly with a construct representing that abstract concept. This new construct (virtually) always has parameterizations: a means to customize the use of the construct to fit your specific needs.
For example, a
Abstraction is related to encapsulation and modularity, and these concepts are often misunderstood.
In the
Encapsulation is not enough for abstraction, because it does not necessarily imply you have a new or different conception of the constructs. If all a
Modularity is concerned with information hiding: Stable properties are specified in an interface, and a module implements that interface, keeping all implementation details within the module. Modularity helps programmers cope with change, because other modules depend only on the stable interface.
Information hiding is aided by encapsulation (so that your code does not depend on unstable implementation details), but encapsulation is not necessary for modularity. For example, you can implement a
Although terms like abstract, modular, and encapsulated are used as positive design descriptions, it's important to realize that the presence of any of these qualities does not automatically give you good design:
Ok, I think I figured out what you're asking: "What is a mathematically rigorous definition of 'An Abstraction.'"
If that's the case, I think you're out of luck- 'abstraction' is a software architecture/design term, and has no mathematical backing to it as far as I'm aware (maybe someone better versed in theoretical CS will correct me here), any more than "coupling" or "information hiding" have mathematical definitions.
Abstraction is when you ignore details deemed irrelevant in favor of those deemed relevant.
Abstraction encompasses encapsulation, information hiding, and generalization. It does not encompass analogies, metaphors, or heuristics.
Any mathematical formalism for the concept of abstraction would itself be an abstraction, as it would necessarily require the underlying thing to be abstracted into a set of mathematical properties! The category-theory notion of a morphism is probably closest to what you're looking for.
Abstraction is not something you declare, it is something that you do.
As a way of explaining it to another person I would go the other way around, from the outcomes back:
If you want to expand on that you can add:
Beyond that, I think you have to start into examples...
You may want to check out some of Bob Martin's metrics
That said, I don't think his "Abstractness" is the same as yours. His is more a measure of "lack of implementation on a class" meaning use of interfaces/abstract classes. Instability and Distance from Main Sequence probably play more into what you're looking for.
Merriam-webster defines abstract as an adjective being: disassociated from any specific instance.
An abstraction is a model of some system. They often list a group of assumptions that have to be met for a real system to be able to be modeled by the abstraction, and they are often used to allow us to conceptualize increasingly complicated systems. Going from a real system to an abstraction does not have any formal mathematical method for doing so. That's up to the judgment of whoever is defining the abstraction, and what the purpose of the abstraction is.
Often times though, abstractions are defined in terms of mathematical constructs. That's probably because they are so often used in science and engineering.
An example is Newtonian mechanics. It assumes everything is infinitesimally small, and all energy is conserved. The interactions between objects are clearly defined by mathematical formulas. Now, as we know, the universe doesn't quite work that way, and in many situations the abstraction leaks through. But in a lot of situations, it works very well.
Another abstract model is typical linear circuit elements, resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Again the interactions are clearly defined by mathematical formulas. For low frequency circuits, or simple relay drivers, and other things, RLC analysis works well and provides very good results. But other situations, like microwave radio circuits, the elements are too big, and the interactions are finer, and the simple RLC abstractions don't hold up. What to do at that point is up to the judgment of the engineer. Some engineers have created another abstraction on top of the others, some replacing ideal op-amps with new mathematical formulas for how they work, others replace ideal op amps with simulated real op-amps, which in turn are simulated with a complex network of smaller ideal elements.
As others have said, it is a simplified model. It is a tool used to better understand complex systems.
An abstraction is representing something (e.g. a concept, a data structure, a function) in terms of something else. For example we use words to communicate. A word is an abstract entity that can be represented in terms of sounds (speech) or in terms of graphical symbols (writing). The key idea of an abstraction is that the entity in question is distinct from the underlying representation, just as a word is not the sounds that are used to utter it or the letters that are used to write it.
Thus, at least in theory, the underlying representation of an abstraction can be replaced by a different representation. In practice, however, the abstraction is rarely entirely distinct from the underlying representation, and sometimes the representation "leaks" through. For example, speech carries emotional undertones which are very difficult to convey in writing. Because of this an audio recording and a transcript of the same words may have very different effect on the audience. In other words the abstraction of words often leaks.
Abstractions typically come in layers. Words are abstractions that can be represented by letters, which in turn are themselves abstractions of sounds, which are in their turn abstractions of the pattern of motion of the particles of air that are created by one's vocal chords and that are detected by one's ear drums.
In computer science bits are typically the lowest level of representation. Bytes, memory locations, assembly instructions, and CPU registers are the next level of abstraction. Then we have primitive data types and instructions of a higher level language, that are implemented in terms of bytes, memory locations, and assembly instructions. Then functions and classes (assuming an OO language) that are implemented in terms of primitive data types and built in language instructions. Then more complex functions and classes are implemented in terms of the simpler ones. Some of these functions and classes implement data structures, such as lists, stacks, queues, etc. Those in turn are used to represent more specific entities such as a queue of processes, or a list of employees, or a hash table of book titles. In this scheme of things each level is an abstraction with respect to its predecessor.
One way I try to describe it to people, may not be the best way
Consider a Program that adds 2 + 2 and outputs 4
Consider a program that adds two numbers input by a user, x + y = z
Which is more useful and general?
I would argue that an abstraction is something that hides unnecessary details. One of the most basic units of abstraction is the procedure. For instance, I don't want to worry about how I'm saving data to the database when I'm reading that data in from a file. So I create a save_to_database function.
Abstractions can also be joined together to form bigger abstractions. For instance, functions may be put together in a class, classes can be put together to form a program, programs can be put together to form a distributed system, etc.
I always think of abstraction in programming as hiding details and providing a simplified interface. It is the main reason programmers can break down monumental tasks into manageable pieces. With abstraction, you can create the solution to a part of the problem, including all of the gritty details, and then provide a simple interface to use the solution. Then you can in effect "forget" about the details. This is important because there is no way a person can keep all of the details of a super complex system in their minds at once. This is not to say that the details underneath the abstraction will never have to be revisited, but for the time being, only the interface must be remembered.
In programming, this simplified interface can be anything from a variable(abstracts away a group of bits and provides a simpler mathematical interface) to a function(abstracts away any amount of processing into a single line call) to a class and beyond.
In the end, programmers' main job is to usually abstract away all the computational details and provide a simple interface like a GUI that someone who doesn't know one thing about how computers work can make use of.
Some of the advantages of abstraction are:
Abstraction can, however, have the reverse effect of making things less manageable if it is overused. By breaking up a problem into too many small pieces, the number of interfaces you have to remember increases and it gets harder to understand what is really going on. Like most things, a balance must be found.
An extra level of indirection.
You don't want to care whether the object you're using is a
I'm sure this could be applied to 'lower' and 'higher' levels as well - think of a compiler looking up the right instruction to use for a given processor or Haskell's
This is something I actually wanted to blog about for a longer time, but I never got to it. Luckily, I am a rep zombie and there's even a bounty. My post turned out rather lengthy, but here's the essence:
Hope that helps.
Here, an unmathematical answer:
Abtracting away in programming is pretending you don't care about the details now, whereas in fact you do and you should care about them all the time. It's basically pretending.
For me abstraction is something that doesn't exist "literally", it's something like an idea. If you express it mathematically, it's not abstract anymore because mathematics are a language to express what happens in your brain so it can be understood by somebody else's brain, so you can't structure your ideas, because if you do, it's not an idea anymore: you would need to understand how a brain works to express an idea model.
Abstraction is something that allows you to interpret reality into something that can be independent from it. You can abstract a beach and a dream, but the beach exists but the dream doesn't. But you could tell both exist, but it's not true.
The hardest thing in abstraction is finding a way to express it so that other people can understand it so it can turn into reality. That's the toughest job, and it can't really be done alone: you have to invent a relative model that works on your ideas and that can be understood by somebody else.
To me abstraction in computer language should be name "mathematicating" the model, it's about reusing ideas that can be communicated, and it's an enormous constraint compared to what can be achieved abstractly.
To put it simply, atoms are next to each others, but they don't care. A large set of molecules organised into a human being can understand that he is next to somebody, but it can't understand how, it's just how the atoms positionned themselves into some pattern.
One object that is ruled by a concept, in general, cannot "understand" itself. That's why we try to believe in god and why we have an hard time understanding our brain.
Can I have my medal now ?
Interesting question. I don't know of a single definition of abstraction that is considered authoritative when it comes to programming. Though other folks have provided links to some definitions from various branches of CS theory or math; I like to think of it in a similar way to "supervenience" see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervenience
When we talk about abstraction in programming, we are essentially comparing two descriptions of a system. Your code is a description of a program. An abstraction of your code would also be a description of that program but at a "higher" level. Of course you could have an even higher level abstraction of your original abstraction (e.g. a description of the program in a high-level system architecture vs. the description from the program in its detailed design).
Now what makes one description "higher-level" than another. The key is "multiple realizability" -- your abstraction of the program could be realized in many ways in many languages. Now you might say that one could produce multiple designs for a single program as well -- two people could produce two different high-level designs that both accurately describe the program. The equivalence of the realizations makes the difference.
When comparing programs or designs you must do so in a way that allows you do identify the key properties of the description at that level. You can get into complicated ways of saying a design is equivalent to another, but the easiest way to think about it is this -- can a single binary program satisfy the constraints of both descriptions?
So what makes one level of description higher than the other? Let's say that we have one level of description A (e.g. design documents) and another level of description B (e.g. source code). A is higher level than B because if A1 and A2 are two non-equivalent descriptions at level A, then realizations of those descriptions, B1 and B2 must also be non-equivalent at level B. However, the reverse doesn't necessarily hold true.
So if I can't produce a single binary program that satisfies two distinct design documents (i.e. the constraints of those designs would contradict each other), then source code that implements those designs must be different. But on the other hand, if I take two sets of source code that couldn't possibly be compiled into the same binary program, it still could be the case that the binaries resulting from compiling those two sets of source code both satisfy the same design document. Thus the design document is an "abstraction" of the source code.
Programming abstractions are abstractions made by someone on a programatical element. Lets say you know how to build a Menu with it's items and stuff. Then someone saw that piece of code and thought, hey that could be useful in other kind of hireachy-like structures, and defined the Component Design Pattern with is an abstraction of the first piece of code.
Object Oriented Design Patterns are quite a good example of what is abstraction, and i dont mean the real implementation but the way we should approach a solution.
So, to sum up, programming abstraction is an approach that allows us understand a problem, it is the means to get something but it aint the real thing


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Can you please describe quantum mechanics in simple words? When ever I read this word (quantum computers, quantum mechanics, quantum physics, quantum gravity etc) I feel like fantasy, myth and something very strange that i can never understand.
So what is quantum mechanics?
Can you please describe quantum mechanics in simple words? When ever I read this word (quantum computers, quantum mechanics, quantum physics, quantum gravity etc) I feel like fantasy, myth and something very strange that i can never understand.
"Once more unto the breach ..."
The aspect of quantum mechanics that distinguishes it the most (IMHO) from classical mechanics, is that of superposition of states - that at any given moment a system is described by a state which can be a linear combination of various, physically realizable, outcomes:
$$ |\Psi\rangle = c_1 |\psi_1\rangle + c_2 |\psi_2 \rangle + \dots $$
Indeed one can give a simple visual analogy. Think of that prototypical classical mechanical system - the pool (or "billiards" depending on which time-zone you happen to be in) table. The pool balls obey simple classical trajectories, assuming the absence of non-uniformities on the table, which consist of straight lines interrupted by reflection off of the sides of the table. In classical mechanics one can enumerate all such trajectories and construct the resulting phase space for the system.
If you were to ask me to characterize the state of the pool table at any instant, I would do so by choosing a point in phase space whose co-ordinates specify the locations and momenta of all the balls on the table at that instant. Given this information and Newton's second law I can determine, to arbitrary accuracy , the future trajectories of all the pool balls.
Quantum Mechanics introduces the entirely new possibility that I could specify a state which is a linear combination of eigen (or "physically realizable") states. In other words a given pool ball could be at location $x$ and at $x'$ at the same time. Even to a laymen this possibility open up great new vistas. Engineers can only imagine what sort of machines they could construct if they could build a transmission that could operate at more than one speed simultaneously. Computational scientists wonder at the thought that a quantum system could exist in a superposition of $0$ and $1$ simultaneously - this possibility is in fact being realized in the exploding field of quantum computation.
In return for all these nice possibilities that superposition opens up we must accept significant trade-offs - there is an inherent uncertainty in whatever physical quantity we measure and we must accept restrictions on which observables can be measured simultaneously.
To illustrate the first trade-off (uncertainty in measurement outcomes) I can - in theory - construct a quantum computer which employs "massive parallelism" and solves a problem by considering all possible solutions simultaneously, but the trade-off is that I can never be absolutely certain that the solution it spits out at the end is the right one.
The second trade-off is perhaps more significant in terms of its implications for our notions of "reality". Coming back to the pool ball, superposition allows me to say that it is at location $x$ and $x'$ simultaneously. However, the more accurately I try to localize the ball at these two locations, the less accurately I can localize the ball's momenta. Or as when a cop pulled Heisenberg over for speeding and asked "Do you know how fast you were going?", he replied "No. But I know exactly where I am"
[Note for the purists and experts: The language of this answer is directed at a beginner and not for a conference proceeding, therefore I have avoided technicalities and mathematics. Please keep this in mind when pointing out errors and such.]
Deepak's answer covers the question, except if "simple" means "in terms an english major would understand". I have been trying to formulate such an answer, fwiw:
Mechanics covers the macroscopic world, the world we see even with glass microscopes and simple telescopes. It explains the motion and interaction of bodies, from large, to quite small. Wave mechanics covers the macroscopic behavior of waves as observed in the sea and the behavior of light. The theories by the beginning of the 20th century were beautifully established so that some physicists thought that real physics was finished, and engineering was all that was left.
Then came the quanta. They came from various fronts. Chemists studying the elements and measuring atomic weights came up with a table of elements that had discrete numbers. The photo electric effect showed that light was not always behaving as a classical wave, because light could hit material and kick out a single electron. Then lines were found in the light spectra of elements. This forced physicist to think of energy coming in discrete numbers instead of a continuum, quanta of energy.
The first model of an atom, the Bohr model, had the nucleus like a miniature sun and the electrons as planets around it. The discrete lines observed though, meant that the orbits had fixed positions. Electrons could only occupy certain orbits, get kicked to a higher one and release a photon falling back, with a specific line. Classical mechanics could not solve this conundrum: why there were discrete orbits and why the electrons did not fall into the nucleus anyway since the nucleus is positive and the electrons negative and the attraction inevitable classically. Physicists were forced to postulate quantum mechanics and developed a whole new set of theories of how the microscopic atomic world worked: in quanta of energy.
In this new mathematical theory the electrons stay in orbit around the nucleus because they can only change orbits by quanta of energy. They cannot fall into the positive nucleus because there is a lowest stable ground state, which is the lowest energy an electron can have. An atom can gain a quantum of energy and the electron can jump to a higher energy state; it can not go lower than the ground state.
One can never take a micro photo of the electron, only a probability distribution where it might be, can be computed by the new theories. Studying the probability distributions coming out of the solution of quantum mechanical problems, it was found that in the microscopic world particles sometimes behave as waves, and waves (light) sometimes behave as particles, depending on the circumstances under study. Experiments confirmed all this.
Quantum mechanics explains beautifully the light spectra of atoms, the periodic table of elements and nuclear interactions and a lot of phenomena, from transistors to lasers. The price payed is a loss of intuitive understanding of "particle" and "motion" , new intuitions have to be developed to understand the predictions of a quantum mechanical world that need long study and perseverance.
Quantum mechanics manifests macroscopically too, in superconductivity, where kilometers of wires run with currents controlled by quantum mechanical equations; in superfluidity; crystals themselves are built up by a solution of a quantum mechanical system, classical physics could never contain this type of matter manifestations.
Specifically :
quantum physics includes a) quantum mechanics: solutions of problems with known potential energy using the Schrodinger or Klein Gordon equations. The problems are treated as particles moving in a potential well b)second quantization, where particles are treated as creation and annihilation operators acting on the vacuum, and c) quantum strings where one has quantized strings and the particles are energy levels on these strings. d) whatever new coming down the theoretical pike.( It is turtles all the way down :) ) To make any sense of this you have to read further.
quantum computers, utilize the knowledge gained by quantum mechanics to create computers, and my knowledge is covered by the wikipedia article
quantum gravity is an attempt to extend quantum mechanics to general relativity, which is a classical theory. There are computational difficulties in doing this. Theorists are aiming at a unified theory of everything, called TOE. To get that, one has to quantize gravity, which means that the gravitational field should be coming in quanta, called gravitons. This is ongoing research and connected with string theory research, since, up to now, string theories are the only ones that have come up with both the quantum levels needed to describe particles and also to quantize gravity.
Deepak's answer is a good beginning and also sb1's answer. Otherwise start with a quantum mechanics course.
Feynman explained a whole lot in plain language in "QED: the strange theory of light and matter". But as Zee takes pains to point out, one must pay PARTICULAR attention to what Feynman says, because he is not popularizing or dumbing it down, except for not getting too much into the notion of spin.
Consider a cavity or a black body in thermal equilibrium. According to classical notions, every harmonic oscillation mode in that system contains on average the same amount of energy, in equilibrium. But the density of modes rises proportionally to the frequency. Thus the system contains an infinite amount of energy, which obviously doesn't happen in reality.
Quantization resolves this. If the modes of the oscillation come at discrete energy levels at much larger steps than the average equilibrium thermal energy, that energy can't occupy every mode equally any more.
This however comes with the price of uncertainty. Consider the interaction of a photon and electron in a measurement process. Because of the wave particle duality, energy of the photon is proportional to the frequency of it's wave. If you want a sharp picture of the electron, a point particle, you need high frequency photons to scatter with it. The electron gains kinetic energy in the scattering and so taking an infinitely sharp picture of the electron is practically impossible, you end up with a fuzzy picture no matter what.
In the early part of the twentieth century, physics was revolutionized. The foundation of the subject changed once and for all. It was discovered that nature in its deeper scheme of things does not operate according to the deterministic rules of classical Newtonian physics. Heisenberg discovered his famous uncertainty principle in 1926. Physicists came to know that values of certain pairs of classical dynamical variables like position and its conjugate momentum can not be measured to arbitrary precision. The more you are certain about one of them the less you know about the value of the other. The simultaneous precise knowledge of these pairs of variables (at least in principle) are essential to predict the outcome of any experiment in classical physics. Classical mechanics used to assert that in principle nature is completely deterministic. However the uncertainty principle put an end to that dream. The uncertainty principle is a consequence of the fact that there is a wave particle duality for all the so called "particles"(like electron) and "waves" (like electromagnetic wave) in nature. One can say that some times under certain conditions, it is helpful to think a particle like electron as waves or a wave like em wave as particles. Schrödinger discovered his famous equation for particles with non-relativistic speed which describe the evolution of a characteristic function $\psi$ in space with time. Quantum mechanics is based on certain basic postulates.
1) It is assumed that to every observable physical quantity there exists a hermitian operator. The measurable values of the observable is the various eigen values of the operator.
2) To every physical system there corresponds an abstract Hilbert space. A state of the system is represented by a vector in this space on which the operator corresponding to the observable acts.
3) The outcome of a measurement of an observable in a particular state is given by the expectation value of the corresponding operator in that state.
4) The operator corresponding to a dynamical variable is obtained by replacing the classical canonical variables by corresponding quantum mechanical operators.
5) Any pair of canonically conjugate operators will satisfy the Heisenberg commutation rules.
The edifice of quantum mechanics is based on these basic postulates. What quantum mechanics really implies is that light, electrons, protons etc. can not be described by exclusively in particle terms or wave terms. They are like neither particles nor waves. Particles or waves are approximate classical concepts and to describe quantum reality these classical concepts should be viewed as complimentary concepts rather than contradictory. In the language of Neils Bohr, "However far the phenomena transcend the scope of classical physical explanation, the account of all the evidence must be expressed in classical terms". This is because "by the word 'experiment' we refer to a situation where we can tell others what we have done and what we have learned" so that "the account of the experimental arrangement and of the results of the observations must be expressed in unambiguous language with suitable application of the terminology of the classical physics".
In classical mechanics the state of a particle is described by a point in phase space. We can directly measure that state. But in the microscopic world this not possible. Then we postulate that we can describe the state by a ket vector and operator in this space. This operator when acting on this state gives the physical quantities as the eigen value.


text:
So I'm building a
.deb, and I need to do a few post-install commands (linking libraries paths, and a few other things).
Is there a way to have it so when you do a
sudo dpkg -i <pacakage-name>.deb, a script runs?
You can execute commands after installation using the postinst shell script located in the debian folder in the source.
This is a normal shell script containing all the commands to be executed (in order) after the installation of the package. dpkg will run this automatically. So, all you need to do is create a shell script before packing your source package into a binary package, name it as 'postinst' and put it in the debian directory.
For more info, visit the Ubuntu Packaging Guide.


text:
We are designing a commercial app for Android. Part of the solution has a list of items that has a number of context actions. Initially there were only 3 actions that were put on the action bar. But a number of other actions have come to light with more actions in the future. Some are also multi-select based. In a discussion with (influential) developers their suggestion was to put all actions on the context menu only - i.e. touch and hold and the menu appears. Is there any data that states how familiar users are with the context menu? Should we be using it at all or just use the action bar?
The contextual action bar is currently the right pattern for the generic contextual action problem. See the design guidelines of Android.
It supports multiselect and single select and offers room for multiple actions. It also has a higher discoverability than the long-press for pop-up menu. See also this related question.
A context menu is standard and something which, from my experience, has not caused any issues with people.
Without specifics of how you think people will use the app, it's difficult to give concrete suggestions. However you shouldn't just put everything into a context menu just because you can. If one or two function are used 90% of the time, then you should probably have them easily available without the need for an additional tap.
One worry with context menus is that the ability to just add more features often results in their being more features than is necessary, and subsequently a poorer UX. Think very carefully about whether a feature is really needed before you add it.
Having more than 5 buttons in the action bar will make it hard to use, it depends on the orientation of the device but I'm talking about portrait view, it will be hard to press the buttons. Is it possible to group the actions some how? What are the actions?
Threadlife has a fly out menu, when you press menu button, menu slides up with 4 icons and explanation of what the icons are making it very easy to use, user doesn't have to double guess what the icons mean. I think you should use this approach especially if there will be more than 5 actions. And with the right indication like a little arrow will not cause any problems to the users.
As an avid Android user (my wife would call me an "Android Fan") and a UX practitioner, I feel compelled to respond with my personal experience.
I find context menus very frustrating. There are several problems. The first is that press-and-hold is also used to begin a drag action in applications like GMail and as the select text action in the browser. Without "experimenting and remembering" this behavior is not consistent. Press-and-hold is totally broken on Android.
The second problem is that it slows me down. If my repeated actions are locked behind press-and-hold, I find myself using the app less. There has to be quick and easy ways to do common actions. Less common actions can probably survive in a context menu, but not the frequently used ones.
The third problem is that non-expert users are frequently unaware of press-and-hold. My wife has been using Android for over two years. I recently showed her that press-and-hold allows her to select text in the browser... she had no idea. It's not an obvious behavior that enables discoverability.
My recommendation is to make the context menu an alternative path to functionality and not the primary path.
There are a couple of problems that occur when using the long tab:
So I don't recommend the long tab. I don't know what your app does specifically, but you could:


text:
I am trying to create a wire mesh (the format should be POWERVR POD, but I if there is a way to convert from another format to this it's fine). However, all I have are images of the object. Is there any way to create a wire mesh from several images?
closed as off topic by Jack, lawndartcatcher, Farray Feb 22 '12 at 0:21
Questions on Graphic Design Stack Exchange are expected to relate to graphic design within the scope defined by the community. Consider editing the question or leaving comments for improvement if you believe the question can be reworded to fit within the scope. Read more about reopening questions here.If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
If you mean: "Is there any software I can feed with images and it creates a 3D model from it?"
To manualy create a 3D model from any image there are several good (video) tutorials, that explain how to use images a helping tool, when creating a 3D model (e.g. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-P2o4M-hRgA - pretty good Blender video-tut)


text:
28 Jul 2011 4:20 PM #1
segmentedbutton in TabBar/ TabPanel?
Hey All,
I'm currently using a TabPanel for switching between cards, but I was curious to know if there's an easy/ built-in way to make the TabPanel buttons look more like segmented buttons such as the ones found in a toolbar?
I've built out a version based on a panel/ toolbar that switches cards using segmentedbuttons, but it's a bit hackey, and I just wanted to make sure I'm not missing anything obvious before I devote any extra time to building one out properly.
Thanks in advance!
5 Aug 2011 7:02 PM #2
fwiw, I used the same approach and put segmented button on toolbar that invokes setactiveitem. in some cases I use a selectfield in the same way...
the tabbar is limited in what you can put on it and have the styles look reasonable...
the toolbar is more accepting
i've experimented with including toolbars inside of tabbars, etc. but it seems a little ridiculous...


text:
Changing of the Guard
What an adventure it has been! But now the time has come for us to start a brand new adventure.
This afternoon we handed off our beloved live-in work of art to a new owner and "curator"—Nancy Gunn.
In an interesting twist of fate, we're about to become nomadic, wandering North America for the next couple years in an RV. On the other hand, for the last several years Nancy has been wandering the globe as a producer for The Travel Channel and The Amazing Race.
So our roles will reverse. While our wanderlust kicks in, she's ready to stay in one place for a while.
And we can't imagine a better place for her to have chosen than the Sweet Olive. Nancy hails from Virginia, but first came to New Orleans for graduate school at Tulane, and is delighted to be returning.
We think Nancy's warm personality, infinite patience—and baking skills—will ensure that this very special B&B becomes even more so.
The last nine years have been an amazing experience for us. We've had the privilege of hosting folks from all over the world, and all walks of life. And we've made some lifelong friends along to way.
Thanks to all of you for making this an amazing chapter in our lives.
This is not farewell, just au revoir. We hope that you'll follow along with us as we write the next chapter on our new blog: FabulousFifthWheel.com.


text:
90,000 capacity?? That's insane! Well done sir!
I had a go at recreating your tactic - it did not go well. The gaps in the midfield were too much for my team to cope with. Most people I speak to say it can't work - I think you are proving people wrong.
Do you literally just plug and play? Or do you amend the playing style (i.e. attack, counter etc) depending on who you play. I see from your screenshot that you have three tactics in there - what are the differences? I don't want to turn a good career thread into a tactic one - but I'm enthralled in what people do and how they get it to work. Your players also seem amazing - I suppose I'm only in season three, so the newgens haven't managed to develop enough yet - but the quality team you have is mouth-watering!


text:
I read once that William the conqueror was a bastard and I have heard him being referred to as William the Bastard by a beefeater on a tour in the Tower of London. I was wondering are there any other examples of bastards becoming kings in history? I'd be especially interested if any bastards from common bloodlines ever became kings.
I love how I am able to use the word bastard so much in this post!


text:
Hi all,
Consider a stochastic volatility model. As there are two sources of risk and one asset only, this is an imcomplete market. One can complete the market by considering a derivative V1 used to hedge the volatility risk. My question is: Do derivatives prices depends on the derivative V1 one chooses to complete the market? And if no, why?
Many thanks in advance.


text:
We are placing a name in a certain space in a webpage, how can we avoid the truncation of some of the name's letters in case the space given wasn't enough to display it all ?
closed as off topic by dnbrv, Charles Boyung, Ben Brocka♦ Apr 20 '12 at 23:05
Questions on User Experience Stack Exchange are expected to relate to user experience within the scope defined by the community. Consider editing the question or leaving comments for improvement if you believe the question can be reworded to fit within the scope. Read more about reopening questions here.If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
Without wanting to sound glib, this is exactly the sort of constraint you should try to avoid as a web designer. Even if you're confident that you'll never be required to add more content, extra fields or iconography, requirements change all the time, and you need your designs to be flexible. Especially if your app could be translated, or your design applied to a slightly different service.
However, let's assume you can't redo your design. You've basically got two options:
Number 1 isn't something I'd recommend, because:
Number 2 isn't ideal, but can be ameliorated in certain ways:
Really, though, I'd strongly recommend returning to your original design and trying to make it more flexible. If you've set pixel restrictions on text length, you're going to encounter serious issues when a visually impaired user needs to increase text size, or a branding change suddenly breaks all the place names you'd carefully squeezed into your divs. Save yourself the headaches.


text:
DiDominzio — A daughter, Madelyn Ann, to Vincent and Kristina (Butkovic) DiDominzio III of Southington, June 20, at Saint Mary's Hospital, Waterbury. Grandparents are Michael and Theresa Butkovic and Vincent and Helen DiDominzio of Waterbury.
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text:
Big money for showing up
Woods, McIlroy face off in China
By BERNIE MCGUIRE Associated Press
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text:
The Council of Ministers today adopted tough new penalties for human trafficking. The new law bans all forms of human trafficking and established a sentence of up to 15 years and/or a fine of up to one million riyals ($267,000). The punishments increases if victims are women or persons with special needs; the crime is committed against a child; the perpetrator victimized a spouse or one of the victim's close relatives; the perpetrator was a guardian or having authority over the victim; or if the perpetrator was an official of the regulations' enforcement.
The Council also set up a ministerial committee in the Human Rights Commission to combat human trafficking. The committee will be composed of representatives of the Ministries of Interior, Foreign Affairs, Justice, Social Affairs, Labor, Culture and Information, and the Human Rights Commission.
The new law defines human trafficking to include coercion of a person, threat, deception, deceit or abduction, misuse of position, influence or authority against a person, taking advantage of their weakness, or giving or receiving money or enticements to gain the approval a person for sexual acts, work, coercive service, begging, slavery, practices similar to slavery, organ removal or performance of medical tests on him or her.


text:
Nadal: Tennis Players Should Be Tested Often for Doping
VIÑA DEL MAR, Chile—Rafael Nadal, the world's former No. 1 tennis player, once had some harsh words for the extent to which anti-doping officials would chase after players for testing, saying they made him feel like a criminal.
But after the Lance Armstrong scandal, he's changed his tune.
Nadal, in Chile to play his first tournament since his second-round loss at last year's Wimbledon, now says tennis players should be tested as often and as openly as possible to avoid the kind of doping scandals that are plaguing cycling and baseball.
"If we have to go through a test every week, I don't see a problem with that if it's useful to fight what happened in other sports," Nadal said at a press conference Saturday ahead of the VTR Open, which starts Monday. "I hope tennis can continue being a clean sport as it has been for almost all of its history."
The Spanish player, who has fallen to No. 5, plans to resume his career at a tournament in the coastal city of Viña del Mar, Chile, after seven months out due to a knee injury and then a stomach virus.
Like all major tennis players, Nadal, who has won 11 Grand Slams, is tested wherever he travels with no warning. In 2009, he said he felt like "a criminal" for having to inform the World Anti-Doping Agency permanently about his whereabouts. (All top tennis pros must submit to these conditions.)
Virtually every professional sport is coming under greater scrutiny for the use of banned substances. After years of denying doping, Armstrong admitted last month that he had used illicit drugs to help him win seven Tour de France titles. He has been stripped of the titles.
Baseball is reeling from its latest doping scandal, too. A report in the Miami New Times newspaper alleges that New York Yankees star Alex Rodriguez and several other high-profile players were the clients of an anti-aging clinic in South Florida that gave the players performance-enhancing drugs.
Rodriguez's public relations firm has denied the allegations. He has not commented directly. Other players involved have also issued denials.
Unlike cycling, tennis has been free of doping scandals in recent years. But the International Tennis Federation and the WADA are trying to increase testing, according to statements made by Francesco Ricci Bitti, the president of the International Tennis Federation and a member of the executive committee of the WADA, in November to the German press agency DPA.


text:
Are there special hardware requirements for lejos? We have tried several computers and only one will flash the NXT with lejos. We are able to flash the baseline NXT firmware via LEGOS' dialog. But, when we try lejos, we get a "NXT not found" error message.
The instructions in the text are followed exactly when we install lejos software on the main computer. The software begins to run but then insists that the NXT is not found. This is after we have flashed the baseline NXT firmware.
Thank you for any insights you can offer.


text:
Women's Nike Twisted Tempo Running Shorts
Buy Online & Pick Up In-Store
The Nike Twisted Tempo Women's Running Shorts sport a modern look with color-blocking and contrast trim. The running shorts offer great everyday performance with a 3.5" inseam (based on size Medium). Dri-FIT fabric helps keep you cool and dry by wicking away sweat. Built-in briefs offer support as well as comfort, plus an interior pocket at the waist allows you to store smaller items. A zip pocket at the back with reflective trim gives you another secure storage space and increases your visibility when light is low. 100% polyester.


text:
Dear all, in order to prove the validity of my Galerkin approach of a certain variational problem, I need to check the so-called approximability property. In my case, it boils down to showing that for all $w\in L^2(\Omega)$, $\lim_{h\rightarrow 0}\inf_{w^h\in V^h}||w-w^h||=0$, where $\Omega=[0; 1]^d$, and $V^h$ is the space of piecewise constant functions on a regular (orthogonal) grid, with step $h$.
It is probably a classical result. However, I've browsed quickly the finite element literature, and the regularity requirements on $w$ are usually stronger ($H^1$ for example).
So, does the approximability property of $L^2$ functions by piecewise constant function hold? If yes, what theorem/author can I refer to?
Thanks in advance. Best regards, Sebastien


text:
September 26, 2007
Weather Report: Yahoo! Search update
We've rolled out some changes to our index with fresh web data and updates to our crawling, indexing and ranking algorithms over the last few days. We expect the update will be completed very soon. Throughout this process you may see some changes in ranking as well as some shuffling of the pages in the index.
This is the first update after the launch of Dynamic URL Rewriting in Site Explorer. We've had millions of URLs rewritten based on your submissions and your sites should have seen smarter crawling from Yahoo! Slurp as a result. You will see further benefits in how your site is represented in the index from this update. Your input improves relevance and coverage for users in search results, particularly in relation to your site.
Thank you for collaborating with us to improve our understanding of your site. If you haven't yet, login and try out the feature to authenticate your sites.
Keep the feedback coming...
I didn't got much traffic from yahoo but this time more less for now.
How about your site situation?


text: It's time for another Hello Kitty tutorial in a cute version that is going to be simple and fun to recreate. Since I made a mermaid in a sort of complex form, I thought novice artists would appreciate a lesson on simpler version but in Kitty form. Here is "how to draw Mermaid Hello Kitty", step by step. This is one of the cutest version of this Sanrio character that I have ever seen. She is fully equipped with her shell top, beach babe pearls, and a mermaid style tail. I would like for you guys to give me some suggestions as to what other forms you would like to see Hello Kitty in. Believe it or not, but Hello Kitty is a very popular figure that is used for tattoo art. She has been inked on bodies in so many forms it's not even funny. I think this is a great way to have fun and keep things simple while recreating a character from pop culture. No matter what some of you boys may think, this is one cool lesson to follow, and I bet a lot of you girls will be drawing mermaid Hello Kitty as soon as you see this lesson. I will be back either later, or tomorrow. I wanted to get some concept drawing done before I called it a night. Have fun guys and remember to leave me your feedback. Peace out and once again, enjoy!


text:
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Stunting is life
Join Date: Mar 2013
Location: Canada
Posts: 6
Give your predictions
Give your predictions about the first introduction cutscene of GTA V. which protagonist will appear first? how does the protagonist's will be presented? which protagonist will be played first? etc.?
its going to be fun to see who's have the best prediction september 17th!
My prediction :
first scene: We will see Michael hand's holding a gun, and in front of him a random guy with the hands attached blindfolded on the edge of the river, The camera will slowly going upward to his shoulder. and then he will start to talk with the guy about some mafia stuff! and then boom he kill him!( instantly after the shot it switchs of scene )
2nd scene: We will switch to a view of the house of the mom of Franklin. and then we get in the house and see Franklin doing some stuff( packing drug, eating, feeding and playing with his dog ) and then his mom comes in and fight a bit with him sayingf he is the worst kid ever and she decides to leave in another country just to never see him again....
3rd scene: We will see Trevor in an action scene ( more particularly, the one on th train which we have already saw in the 2nd trailer...) and he jump in a river at the end of the scene.
4th scene: Michael again but we see him push the guy he just killes in the river, he get in his car and then go get his childrens at the school (the childrens dont know about the real job of their dad)
We start to play right here with Michael and as first mission bring back the childrens to the home!
give your guess too!
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By Dev Suroop Kaur Khalsa
Of all of the spiritual vernacular in use today, "karma" is the word that we probably hear most often. Karma is explained scientifically by Newton's Third Law of Motion: "Every action has a reaction, equal and opposite."
Simply stated, when we create a cause through our actions and thoughts, and we do not complete or resolve what we have created, we must incarnate again to complete it. Everything that we are today – both positive and negative – is a result of what we have created in the past. Everything that we become tomorrow is the result of what we create today.
Our fears, limitations, old patterns, reactions to our environments, habits, and feelings inhibit our ability to feel the Infinity of the moment and complete what has been created. The resulting karmas create the behaviors, patterns, and circumstances in our lives that are unpleasant and sometimes outright destructive. Usually we don't understand these behaviors. Sometimes, we're aware of them but unable to control them.
Where there is Dharma, there is no karma. Dharma is a way of living where we transcend karma and live in alignment with our true purpose in life. It's not that we lose our humanness and capacity to feel and experience. Rather, it's where we have gained enough clarity and capacity that, in the face of great challenge, we choose to act in ways that elevate us and bring us toward Infinity.
Instead of a commotional and reactionary approach to life that creates negative consequences, we truly can channel our emotions into devotion and move through life with ease.
By chanting, reciting, and vibrating the sound current, we chip away at those burdensome patterns that grip us. Eventually, through time and by Grace, the old karmas become loosened up enough that a simple comment, look, word, or action can crumble and dissolve the illusions, setting into motion a whole domino effect where false beliefs and scripting can fall away for a more elevated you. What a relief.
It's like paying off a high-interest credit card. You feel awful that you have the debt but have a hard time shaking it. Finally, after facing the music, you discipline yourself and begin pecking away at the debt and eventually pay it off. You feel better: Uplifted and released from being beholden to a debtor.
Reciting the 32nd Pauri of Japji Sahib pays your debts and completes your karma. As you can see from this translation, Nanak states that choosing an active path of deep devotion yields Grace—a state of ease, virtue, and divine assistance—as a gift of Creation.
Ik doo jeebhao lakh ho-eh lakh hoveh lakh vees
Lakh lakh gayraa aakhee-a-eh ayk naam jagdees
Ayt raa-eh pat pavaree-aa charee-ai ho-i ikees
Sun galaa aakaash kee keeta aa-ee rees
Nanak nadaree paa-ee-ai kooree koorai thees.
English Translation:
If my one tongue
Were to become two, And the two to become One million,
And the million
To become 20 million,
Then millions and millions Of times
I would recite and speak Of the One Spirit Pervading and guiding The Universe.
On this path,
The spouse climbs With devotion
Step by step
To Union with Thee.
Hearing what is recorded In the Akashic records, Even the lowest beings Have a longing
To return home.
Grace is brought in
As a gift of the Creator.
Those who praise themselves –
False are they And ever false.
Suggestions for Practice:
A Shabd should be recited 11 times a day for a minimum of 40 days to experience its power. Recite in English or in Gurmukhi transliteration, both are beneficial. However, reciting in Gurmukhi allows you to better access the power of the mantra, and as the words are recited in proper Naad or sound current, the tongue hits the meridian points on the upper palate, effecting a change in consciousness. Work carefully to pronounce the words properly.
A pronunciation guide can be found in The Psyche of the Soul, available through Ancient Healing Ways.
An accomplished musician, recording artist, and teacher of Naad Yoga, Dev Suroop Kaur uses the art of sound to create an experience of deep transformation and healing.
She leads chanting programs with musical accompaniment, and offers meditation instruction and teachings about living a spiritual life. Her focus is teaching courses about loving the experience of your voice, and using your voice as a meditative tool to transform and uplift. Dev Suroop Kaur specializes in training teachers of Kundalini Yoga in the science of Naad Yoga, conscious communication, and how to teach others to access the beauty and power of their personal voice. www.devsuroopkaur.com.
English translation by Ek Ong Kaar Kaur Khalsa. Go to www.a-healing.com to purchase a beautiful and inspiring complete translation of Japji Sahib – The Song of the Soul.


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Battered Huskies drop finale to Cincinnati
UConn finishes season at 5-7
By Ed Daigneault Republican-American
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Stuart Kwan – On Identity and Microsoft code name "Geneva"
- Posted: Apr 16, 2009 at 1:46PM
- 26,218 views
- 3 comments
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In this episode Donovan pays a visit to Stuart Kwan, Group Program Manager for the Federated Identity Team. Stuart has been working in the Identity space for a number of years at Microsoft and in this interview he discusses the challenges around Identity in the industry and the ubiquitous need for Identity as computing systems become more and more connected. He states that by solving certain problems with Identity, it can then be highly leveraged to solve all kinds of different problems for all kinds of different people building different kinds of applications across all kinds of industries. Stuart also highlights his team's work on Microsoft code name "Geneva" Server, "Geneva" Framework and Windows CardSpace "Geneva" and how these help to leverage Identity on the Windows platform whether in on or off premises scenarios.
URL references in video:
"Geneva" Forum on MSDN
Microsoft code name "Geneva"
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Fairly new to linux in general, I've tried it multiple times in the past but never really stuck. I've had a T21 for ages and decided to use it when I'm not in the mood to sit at my desktop on the couch.
Anyway I've installed lubuntu 12.04 on it and have been happy with the operating system for all but one reason... I can't do anything about the poor video performance. Now I realize that a Savage S3 MX/IX with only 8mb won't ever be anything special. I've done some googleing and found a few things, such as Xorg server no longer supports this card (correct me if i'm wrong please) as it did in a 2.6.x kernel based os. glxgears gets all of 3-5 fps. 240p youtube videos absolutely kills it where as in xp which i dont want to go back to could handle it fairly smoothly.
There is no additional drivers in jockey. I've downloaded a dri savage s3 driver but fails to install because it requires a 2.6 kernel.. I've searched synaptic for a 2.6 kernel to no avail.
If anyone would have any suggestions for me to try it would be greatly appreciated.


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The Peru State baseball team, 8-9 overall and 2-2 in the Heart of America Athletic Conference, is scheduled to play a road doubleheader at 1 and 3 p.m. Saturday at Culver-Stockton before returning home for 1 and 3 p.m. games on Tuesday at Peru.
Series records this season for the Bobcats are as follows: Oklahoma Baptist, 1-2; Northwest Iowa, 0-2; Dakota Wesleyan, 1-1; Morningside of Iowa, 1-1; Malone University, 1-1; Graceland of Iowa, 2-0; Manhattan Christian, 2-0; and Evangel, 0-2.
Statistical leaders thus far are Ryan Grabowski of Omaha, 12 hits; Randy Santiesteban of Hialeah, Fla., 21 RBI; Tyler Cherin of West Seattle, Wash., five stolen bases; Marshall Klontz of Auburn, Wash., 4.76 ERA and five-plus strikeouts per pitching outing.
Location, ST | website.com


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The practical tail rack bag is perfect for storing all kind of bits and pieces, such as tools, spare gloves etc.
The bag simply fits over the tail unit and is secured by 2 straps.
The rear attachment point is a nylon/plastic sheath that hooks over the bodywork above the taillight (can be seen in the photo). Two straps come forward and tighten around the grab bars. The bag works great with our pannier racks OR the stock grab handles. It will NOT work with any rear rack extension.
No instructions are currently available for this product.


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NEW YORK (CNS) -- The following are capsule reviews of movies recently reviewed by Catholic News Service: "American Sniper" (Warner Bros); "Still Alice" (Sony Classics)
There's a gift waiting for all of us at movie theaters nationwide. Titled "Unbroken," it is ultimately given to us courtesy of the late Louis "Louie" Zamperini, who shows us by example that faith, family, friendship, love, and forgiveness can help us through life's greatest challenges.
NEW YORK (CNS) -- Catholic viewers will likely feel left out by "Left Behind" (Freestyle). In part, that's a good thing, since, in bringing the first in a series of novels by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins to the big screen, director Vic Armstrong has steered clear of the anti-Catholicism that characterized the overall saga's print version.
A-I — general patronage
A-II — adults and adolescents
A-III — adults
A-IV — adults, with reservations
L — limited adult audiences, films whose problematic content many adults would find troubling
O — morally offensive (MPAA)
G — general audiences, all ages admitted
PG — parental guidance suggested, some material may not be suitable for children
PG-13 — parents are strongly cautioned. Some material may be inappropriate for children under 13
R — restricted, under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian
NC-17 — no one 17 and under admitted (age limit may vary in certain areas)


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Women's Under Armour Run Fitted Pants
Get your run on and look good while doing it in the Under Armour Run Fitted Women's Pants. Not only are they stylish enough to wear outside of the gym, they also feature anti-microbial properties that keep them smelling fresh.
Hate wearing workout pants because they can hinder your movement? These Under Armour pants solve that problem, with lightweight 4-Way Stretch fabric that improves your range of motion. They also feature figure-flattering stitching and mesh-lined leg zips for superior versatility and style. You'll stay safe when exercising in low light with the reflective front logo and zipper details, while you can also store small items in the hidden zippered key pocket.


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Last Modified: July 2, 2002
This is a listing of the current trials endorsed by the NCCRA. As new trials are designed and become available, this page will be updated. Also, the database will be evaluated anytime new studies are posted to search for appropriate volunteers that match the studies' criteria. For additional information on these particular trials, please visit the NCCRA website.
Coordinating Investigator: Anil Rustgi, MD
Study Location: National, multicenter trial
Sponsor: NCCRA; Based at University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center
This study is designed to learn more about families with early onset of both breast and colon cancer, especially when diagnosed before the age of 60. Breast and colon cancers are commonly observed in the same family, and we are interested in trying to understand whether there is an underlying genetic susceptibility which links both cancers.
Coordinating Investigators: Sandford Markowitz, MD and Bert
Vogelstein, MD
Study Location: National and coordinated by Case Western Reserve and Johns Hopkins University
Sponsor: NCCRA
This study has been designed to look at genetic factors that relate to the development of colon cancer. It is evaluating people with two immediate relatives (a parent, a child or a sibling) who have had colon cancer, with one of those two immediate relatives being under the age of 65. They are also looking for patients with one immediate relative (a parent, a child, or a sibling) who has had colon cancer and was less than 50 years of age when they were diagnosed with the disease.
Study Location: National, Multi-Center
Sponsor: Pharmacia / Pfizer
The Diarrhea Prevention with Celecoxib Trial will evaluate whether adding celecoxib to the standard treatment for advanced colorectal cancer can reduce the amount of diarrhea a patient experiences. The standard and approved treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer is repeated cycles of chemotherapy consisting of a combination of irinotecan (also known as CPT-11, Camptosar®), 5-fluorouracil (also known as 5FU), and leucovorin (also known as LV). Laboratory studies suggest that celecoxib may offer an effective means for preventing CPT-11/5FU/LV-induced diarrhea. It is also hypothesized that celecoxib-mediated anti-angiogenesis could induce a favorable tumor response. The study is randomized; therefore patients will have a 50:50 chance of receiving celecoxib.


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Now that you're in your second trimester and have had your dating scan (see First Ultrasound Scan), you may want to start telling a wider circle of people that you're pregnant. You can feel confident doing this, knowing that the risk of miscarriage is reduced to no more than 1 percent after the 12th week. Besides this, your belly will begin to show in a few weeks, if it hasn't already, so hiding the pregnancy will become difficult.
If you and your partner have been keeping the pregnancy a secret for the past three months, announcing it will be a huge release and it can be a positive experience to share the news with others. However, be prepared for an onslaught of advice and people's tales of their pregnancy and birth experiences!
Sometimes letting others know that you're pregnant can be difficult. Be sensitive to other people's feelings: friends who also want to be parents, but are having difficulty conceiving, may find it difficult to share your happiness right away. It's preferable to tell these people face to face rather than them hearing it through the grapevine. Even if they don't react positively, and don't want to talk about your pregnancy all the time, give them time to come to terms with it at their own pace. Remember they can be sad for themselves while being happy for you.
If you haven't had a nuchal translucency scan, blood tests will be offered this trimester to screen for Down (see Screening Tests).
Although your clothes may be feeling a little tight by this stage, you probably aren't ready to wear voluminous maternity clothing just yet, so it's time to get creative! Simply bridge the gap between your button and button-hole with an rubber band or by sewing in an elastic panel. Assuming he's bigger than you, try raiding your partner's wardrobe-his T-shirts, shirts, and sweaters can be ruched in with a low-slung belt.
Check what's in your wardrobe already: empire-cut dresses will see you through most of your pregnancy; looser smock tops can be layered over tight-fitting T-shirts; low-slung pants can sit neatly under your belly, topped with an oversized shirt. The one item you might want to purchase is a pair of maternity pants-something stretchy with an adjustable waist.
Excerpted from Pregnancy Day by Day.
Copyright © 2008 Dorling Kindersley Limited.
Buy this book now!
© 2000-2016 Sandbox Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Bishops' Appeal Advisory Committee
Board for Social Responsibility (NI)
Board for Social Responsibility (RI)
Church of Ireland Marriage Council
Church of Ireland Youth Department
Synod Services & Communications
On Wednesday 4th August, the RCB Library will close at 4pm, on account of the Re-Launch of the List of Parish Registers, to be held in St Audoen's Church at 6pm.
The main functions of the Library are:
- to serve the needs of those in training for ministry in the Church of Ireland
- to assist in the continuing Christian education of clergy and laity
- to act as a reference library for those seeking information about the Church of Ireland
- to provide a repository in which the archives and manuscripts of the Church can be stored, arranged and made available to researchers in a systematic fashion.
The Library does not provide a genealogical research service. Specific details can be checked for a fee but general genealogical research cannot be undertaken by the Library staff.
Researchers are welcome to undertake their own research in the Library during the normal opening hours.
Researchers who cannot undertake their own research can find a list of professional researchers at www.apgi.ie.


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TOPEKA, Kan. (WIBW) - Moments after she was born, doctors noticed Quinn McCasey needed treatment for an infection.
Her mother, Kristen, recalls it was a whirlwind of activity, with the family unsure what was going on.
"It was the scariest moment of our lives," she says.
Geary Community Hospital, where Quinn was born, wasn't equipped to provide the care, so Stormont-Vail's NICU Transport Team took flight.
Dr. Heather Morgan, a neonatologist at Stormont, says many smaller hospitals have regular nurseries that don't have the capability to care for premature babies or newborns who need antibiotics, oxygen or IV fluids. The transport team goes out and gets those babies from outlying hospitals and bring them to Stormont, home to the region's only Level III NICU.
The team transports about 120 patients a year, many of them preemies. While they do take an AMR ground ambulance when weather forces it, they prefer LifeStar's helicopter.
"Our babies get so sick, so fast, we need to get out there and stabilize them as quickly as possible," Morgan said.
Team member Kim Scammon, RNC, C-NPT knows that all too well. She says most flights can get a baby back to Stormont in about 30 minutes, versus a two-hour ambulance drive.
Scammon is among six specially-trained nurses who work on the transport team. All are familiar with procedures they might need to perform in the field to stabilize an infant and are proficient in IV skills. When on call, they must be able to get to the hospital within 25 minutes.
When a call comes in, one of those nurses travels with a LifeStar crew member and pilot - there's not room for much else when the special infant isolet and other equipment is loaded for the ride. Scammon says the nurse will do any necessary procedures to stabilize the infant, then get them to the helicopter, where they're hooked to a cardiac monitor, respiratory monitor and sat monitor for constant monitoring throughout the trip.
The goal is keep the baby stable until they reach the landing pad - and further care.
The McAseys are convinced the team is the reason Quinn is headed home after just a few days. Kristen says the small hospitals do the best they can, but it was a relief to know they could get their little girl to a place where she could get the best care to see her through her situation.
Stormont's transport team is a bit unique in that neonatologists will actually travel with the nurse on critical calls. For example, if they have enough notice that a baby is being delivered before 32 weeks, the doctor will go out and assist with the delivery.


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Nuts and Seeds
|This catalog has no sub-catalogs.
Black sesame seeds are a good source of manganese, copper, calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, vitamin B1, zinc and dietary fiber. Great for your favorite recipes or to eat by themselves, also great on salads and stir-frys!
Ingredients: Premium, organic, HULLED, raw, black sesame seeds.
About Our Love Raw Foods™ Product Line
At Love Raw Foods all of our products contain only the ingredients that nature intended, free of any preservatives or additives.
From chocolate to fruits to our famous raw nut and seed butters, our vast array of organic superfoods are sure to satisfy any craving. Creating these recipes in small batches helps us to ensure that you are getting the freshest product possible.
Just one taste and you will understand why we Love Raw Foods!
Love Your Body. Eat Healthy. Live Long. Love Raw Foods.
All materials related to health information are provided for educational purposes
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Nutrition Info
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Brantley Antique Mercury Glass Semi-Flushmount
- Overview
A wash of antiqued mercury glass brings a wonderfully mottled texture to our fixture's bell-shaped shades.
- Crafted from iron with a rasped-iron finish.
- Mercury-glass shades.
- Damp UL-listed.
- Hardwire; professional installation recommended.
- Dimensions & Care
- Overall: 13" diameter, 15" high
- Glass Shade (3): 5" diameter, 7.5" high
- Canopy: 13" diameter, 1.75" high
- Bulb (3): 60 watts, type B candelabra (not included)
- Weight: 6.5 pounds
- Dust with a soft, dry cloth.
- Avoid the use of harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners.
- Do not exceed specified wattage.
- Shipping & Return Info
This is a general shipping item.
Shipping Information
Return Policy
At Pottery Barn, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction is our priority. We carefully inspect your order prior to shipment. Upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage; we will arrange for a prompt replacement. If, within 7 days for Quick Ship upholstery and 30 days for all other products, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value.
We cannot accept returns on monogrammed, personalized, made to order items, or on items damaged through normal wear and tear. We also cannot accept returns of final-sale items which are identified by a price which ends in .99.
For returns of items purchased from your Pottery Barn registry, we will gladly provide a refund or exchange for the merchandise within 90 days of your event or within 90 days of purchase, whichever date is later.
You may return merchandise through the mail for a refund or replacement. For detailed procedures for returning items through the mail, please contact Customer Service at 1.888.779.5176, 7 days a week, 5:00am - 9:00pm (PT).