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Catechesis on the Church
Pope Francis began today a series of talks on the Church, which you can find here. I like his final questions, which reinforce one of his points: that the Church is something we participate in, so that we should speak of it in the first person plural ("we" and "us") and not in the third person singular (that thing over there).
Let us ask ourselves today: how much do I love the Church? Do I pray for her? Do I feel part of the family of the Church? What do I do so that it may be a community where everyone feels welcomed and understood, feels the mercy and love of God that renews life? Faith is a gift and an act that affects us personally, but God calls us to live our faith together, as a family, like the Church.
About the Author
Rev. Joseph A. Komonchak, professor emeritus of the School of Theology and Religious Studies at the Catholic University of America, is a retired priest of the Archdiocese of New York.
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Terrific questions. The reason so many of us are hoping that Francis helps renew the church. We long for this Eucharistic/sacramental unity. How will the pope help break up the clerical culture which is the biggest impediment for all to call it "our church?" He is on message. So welcome. How successful will he be?
The link doesn't work for me. It takes me to the following address, which is then redirected to my own mailbox: https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?hl=en&shva=1#inbox/13ef0fd452bcd2c1
I am not sure whether the problem is at my end or at the other end. Does anyone else have the same problem? I did find the talk on http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.fr, though.
Me, too, the link takes me directly to my g-mail account. (And I can't click back to the Comonweal page after).
Father Komonchak,
Thanks for pointing us to this wise and beautiful reflection by the Holy Father (although I also was sent to gmail.)
[The Church is] is not an organization founded by an agreement among [a group of] persons, but - as we were reminded many times by Pope Benedict XVI - is the work of God: it was born out of the plan of love, which realises itself progressively in history. The Church is born from the desire of God to call all people into communion with Him, to His friendship, and indeed, as His children, to partake of His own divine life.
I hope that will put an end to the dreadful comparisons of the Church to a corporation.
I've fixed the link, I hope.
Claire: I agree that the Church should not be compared to a corporation, but I've always had a problem with people neglecting the human dimension in the constitution of the Church by their emphasis on "the work of God." It seems to me that the Church comes to be, is constituted, by the acts of common meaning of its members, and that this agreement is precisely the effect of "the work of God."
"Do I feel part of the family of the Church?"
It depends on the definition - do I feel like part of the family of God? Of the church that is made up of ALL of God's people? Yes.
Do I feel like part of the Roman Catholic church? Not much, not anymore. I do still feel part of it,but in a sad way - as in a relationship one has with estranged family members, estranged because the family is dysfunctional. At some point, some have to leave the dysfunctional family in order to maintain a semblance of mental and emotional health.
I cannot feel part of an institutional church that devalues women as the Roman Catholic church does. I cannot feel part of a church that denies the laity (who are "THE" church) any voice at all in the governance - unlike the Episcopal church and other Protestant churches, the laity have no rights or voice in the selection of their own priests, much less of their bishops - or are their insights and understanding asked for in the development of doctrine (not forgetting that Newman advised "consulting the faithful on matters of doctrine"). I cannot feel part of a church that more closely imitates empire than the community surrounding Jesus.
Perhaps Francis will change some of this. I will pray for that.
What do I do so that it may be a community where everyone feels welcomed and understood, feels the mercy and love of God that renews life?
Well, what *can* I do to make, for instance, LGBT people feel welcome or women feel like they're not second class citizens? I could be nice to them at church, which I would do, but that will not make up for the ways they are marginalized by tthe doctrines and practices of the church - I have no power to change the way the church (the leadership) defines and treats them.
The link works now, thank you.
Anne, I think that here pope Francis is talking about the Church as the body of all the baptized, that is, not just Roman Catholics but also other Christians. We're part of a divided family. Maybe among Christians we Roman Catholics are the ones apparently in closest communion with God, in a bond that has never been visibly broken - like the elder son in the parable that starts the pope's reflection...
Joe, I did not notice anything contentious in those lines I quoted. Is your point to draw a distinction between "the work of God" (calling people to gather with/in/through him) and "the effect of the work of God" (people gathering because they're called)? But pope Francis doesn't just say "is" but also "is born out of" and "is born from", and you don't have an issue with the second and third descriptions, do you? I suppose that it all depends upon what the meaning of the word "is" is... The Church "is" the work of God in the same way that Robert "is" the son of Claire (if I may draw an analogy between God and myself!): true and important, but not an exhaustive description of Robert, only one element. Of course I'm behind you when you say that the act of the people joining is constitutive of the Church, an element without which it would not exist. A mere plan, be it of God, does not suffice to make the Church any more than my fantasies about having a son suffice to "be" Robert independently of his coming into existence. Personally I don't see anything to argue about there.
I love the italics button in the new style of this blog!
Before Humanae Vitae was issued, I think the Vatican did consult the faithful, at least a few of them, on a matter of doctrine, and then spurned the recommendation that was made. If I say that the Vatican is unlikely to make that mistake again, I leave it to others to guess which mistake I mean.
I'm not very good at it yet, but I've been consciously trying to just give people the benefit of the doubt. I know that's a long way from being welcoming, but I figure it's a start: just not being automatically suspicious of people who think and act differently than me. And to try not to subject people to any kind of litmus test on issues I care about, just as I would not want to be subjected to some kind of test on other peoples' issues.
I think we need to be welcoming, because we each of us find different kinds of things objectionable, and if we excluded people on that basis, there would be nobody at all left in the Church.
Claire: In one of my last courses taught, when I proposed that the Church be understood to be constituted by the subjectivity and inter-subjectivity of its members, that is, that its ontology was subjective, one of the students objected. He wanted something more solid--think of that rock on which Christ said he would build his Church--something more "objective." So I asked what this something was, if not a group of people who believe that "God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself," and such believing is a subjective event, an event within what Bernard Lonergan called "the world constituted by meaning and value."
Indeed. If you say the Church is essentially a group of people who believe that "God is in Christ reconciling the world to himself", then more or less anyone can agree. People from other religions, people who do not have any religious belief. Accepting that statement doesn't involve any belief. It's just a definition a minima, a mere non-committal statement of a fact that implies nothing about the veracity of those people's beliefs. I'm not sure what could be more "objective".
Sometimes statements about the Church are inflated, with long sequences of lyrical superlatives when people get carried away. As a stand-alone statement this is the opposite and looks rather deflated. Isn't it a bit underwhelming?
I say "more or less", because it also appears to exclude those who were raised as Christians but who have moved away from the Church, and to question the many who are uncertain of their belief.
Perhaps this is not a theological problem so much as a psychological one. Who is "we," "us," "ours," really?
Am reminded of this old joke: The Lone Ranger and Tonto are in a fierce gun fight with a band of Apaches. The Lone Ranger says, "We have to get out of here Tonto." Tonto replies, "What do you mean "we," Kimo Sabe?
An excellent reflection by the Holy Father.
Subjectivity often gets a bad rap in Catholic theology. It''s treated as if it refers to some sort of shadow reality. But as Augustine (I doubt, therefore I am") and Descartes (I think , thereforeI am") made clear our knowledge of the existence of our own subjectivity is more sure than our knowledge of any other obect or kind of object. Part of the problem is the ambiguity of the word "Object". . .
Yes, it seems to me that it's a psychological problem.
Thanks for introducing me to the Lone Ranger! What else is out there that I don't know about??
I loved that old joke.
Claire: One of the oldest designations of the Church is that it is the congregatio [or convocatio] fidelium, the assembly of believers, which I think is the primary notion both sociologically and theologically. Sociologically, it distinguishes the Church from other groups of people who assemble for other reasons or for other purposes. Theologically, it points to what is absolutely primary in Christianity (after, that is, the grace of God): faith, without which there are no sacraments, which is the beginning of justification, etc. And this, of course, is not some vague faith (I once heard someone suggest this as a defintion of faith: "reality perceived as gift"); it is faith in Jesus Christ, for which I gave one of the earliest and briefest statements, from St. Paul.
It does exclude people who don't believe in Christ and people who no longer believe in Christ, but why would such people want to be included in a community that defines itself by what it believes about Jesus of Nazareth?
"Glorious things are said of you, O city of God," says the Psalm-verse the Fathers liked to refer to the Church, and indeed of the underwhelming assembly of believers the New Testament permits us to say that it is the People of God, the Body of Christ, the Temple of the Spirit, and much more. But that's the basic mystery of the Church as described in Lumen gentium, a human, all too-human cmmunity of men and women of whom glorious things are said, and true.
Anne: if you .... or anyone else .... will be in San Francisco on Thursday, July 18th, please come to Most Holy Redeemer that evening and hear Episcopal bishop Gene Robinson address our community. He is a very effective speaker and so approachable compared to any RC bishop I have ever met.
Very nice. Actually I had not recognized "the assembly of believers" in "a group of people who believe that God is in Christ reconciling the world to himself". Why not? An outsider, even a hostile one, could say that the Church is merely "a group of people who believe that God is in Christ reconciling the world to himself", but I have more difficulty envisioning that person saying that the Church is "the assembly of believers". I get the impression that there are slight differences that give a different tone: "The" suggests that there is only one - more unity. "Assembly" states that they gather, which "a group of people" doesn't necessarily imply - more community. Even the "believers", for some reason, sounds to my ears like a pumped up version of "believe that God is in Christ reconciling the world to himself", maybe because the more extensive version is so carefully neutral as to almost suggest disbelief, while I read "believers" to mean that the speaker probably adheres to those beliefs (so clear that they do not need to be spelled out) - more faith. But maybe I'm just making this up. (And how is "of" better in one than in the other? I got stumped on that one!)
I wonder what expression pope Francis will take up next?
It does exclude people who don't believe in Christ and people who no longer believe in Christ, but why would such people want to be included in a community that defines itself by what it believes about Jesus of Nazareth?
And yet, I'd think that, in any given assembly of the faithful, there is a number, perhaps a larger percentage than many of us would guess, who are at various stages of strugging with the belief they profess about Jesus of Nazareth. But faith, it seems to me, operates on other levels besides the intellectual plane; sometimes our hearts affirm what our brains trip over. Or so it seems to me. The priest in the Exorcist (the novel, anyway; I've never seen the film) is in a crisis of faith yet acquits hiimself by the end as a man of faith.
You absoluely must see the movie. (I watch it from time to time because one of my best teachers in college had a bit part in it; and I like to see Fr. Bermingham again, he was just so great). But even today the movie is still lreally, really scary.
Jim, I agree. What to say about those raised as Christians, who reject the whle shebang as teenagers, convert back when they get married and have kids, then slowly drift away and find themselves agnostics in midlife? in-out-in-out... how many flip-flops? It's a bit like the many marriages and divorces of those who fall in and out of love. There's a lack of solidity in those fluctuating states of mind that is a little bit difficult to grasp and, for those of us who like clarity, to accept. But maybe that's how it is: the great mass of Christians is vague, indistinct, evolving, and porous. We just have to accept the uncertainty.
Claire --
I think that a big part of the problem for the older generations is that we we taught that "the Faith" was a lot surer than it actually is, so sure that it is a big sin to doubt it . When some of the people who were brought up to be so rigid find that there are real problems in what we have been taught, they think the whole thing is a sham from the beginning and just give up. Others waver, especially because they no longer accept *any* guidance from their bishops. Once again, the bishops are the key.
I wonder how many among the bishops have also had their problems with the Faith as it thas been taught. How do they justify keeping their mouths shut? But that, it has become obvious, is the first rule for a bishop: keep your mouth shut, do not admit the problems. Sigh.
Claire, your description of the people reminds me of the "crowds" in the Gospel of Matthew. Jesus seems so touched by their plight, and keeps on saying that they are like sheep without a shepherd. But they are hard to figure out, somewhat neutral, confused, volatile, lost at times, yet also at times, eager to listen... though sadly, never too good at understanding.
Still, Ann is on to something, too: in many ways the shepherds we have don't seem to be much help.
Interesting comment about "the crowds". Were the crowds what we sometimes call these days "ttribes"? Groups have different sorts of identity and they change -- consider also the crowd that called for Jesus' death -- was it a mob? I wonder sometimes whether some people leave the Church because they feel that that is the way the Church is going, so they leave too. Spiritually they think leaving has become the thing to do.
Scripture also refers to "the multitude", which seeems to imply that at least at times there was great variety in Jesus' audiences. He also talks about His "flock", and later there is "the assembly". I wonder what all those words imply about what the Church is meant to be. And how are individuals supposed to fit in? Or even not fit in.
I like the definiton of the RCC as the People of God who believe in the fundamentals of the our faith, the NT and Christ. [I realize that the 'fundamentals of our faith' is a complex and disputed term within the Church.] On the other hand, the RCC as an 'assembly of believers' can apply to most Christian Churches. However, can an "assembly of believers" be both sociologically and theologically correct if not all the assembly believe in all the social and theological ethical teachings of the Church? My guess it, it can, and does.
As for those excuded from this definition, they are not just those that don't believe in Christ. Consider those who are driven from the Church because of RCC teachings that demoralize and disenfrancize many of the baptized who grew up and were educated Catholic, but who are told they are "disordered" in some way (those with a same-sex orientation). To be a member in good standing before God, they must live a life of sexual abstinence and can never be in a "blessed marriage or holy union" under any circumstances.
Add to this fact that a much larger group (e.g., about 50% of Cathollc marriages end in divorce) are disenfrancized because they cannot remarry. If they do they are told they are excluded from the sacrament of reconciliation and Eucharistic reception. In other words, the innocent spouse in many diviorces and remarriages, like people with a same-sex orientation, must live a life of sexual abstinece. Many people who are in these two groups are not part of the RCC 'assembly of believers' for the 'people of God' because they leave (driven from?) the RCC for two reasons:
1. It is almost impossible to live a life of sexual abstinence for this is a gift from God given to the very few, and
2. They are told they are corupting their God-given human integrity either because they have some type of diabolic disorder, or they are living in adultery.
The definition of the "people of God or the assembly of believers" is different among Christian Churches. To whit, one can be a member in good standing in this 'assembly' or "people of God" and not be Catholic.
Susan, yes, I would not have thought of it but you are right.
Michael, the Church with a capital "C" goes beyond the Roman Catholic church. For The Vatican II decree on ecumenism says, for example: "People who believe in Christ and have been truly baptized are in communion with the Catholic Church even though this communion is imperfect. The differences that exist in varying degrees between them and the Catholic Church - whether in doctrine and sometimes in discipline, or concerning the structure of the Church - do indeed create many obstacles, sometimes serious ones, to full ecclesiastical communion. The ecumenical movement is striving to overcome these obstacles. But even in spite of them it remains true that all who have been justified by faith in Baptism are members of Christ's body".
Thanks for the clarification and your thoughts.
Indeed the Christian communion is imperfect but also faithful, loving and enlightening. We live in mystery but also in confidence but not certainty. The Catholic and other Christian churches have always been in profound disagreement regarding certain teachings, and wiithin each church there are those that suffer from these teachings (e.g., the examples I mentioned). We suffer along with them for we are a commuinity of believers united into the one body of Christ. We are all called by Christ to help the disenfrancized and to move the conversation forward toward a better understanding of the truth (emphasis-added).
I don't doubt the strvings of the ecumenical movement to overcome these obsticles. I question the degree of such strivings and the results to date since Vatican II. This does not mean that we have not made progress, but on many important issues we have not come very far. Thus we have inconsistency and sometimes contradiction, but what is important is never to allow such disagreements or disappointments to interfere with our relationships with Christ or in the hope for the RCC. Unfortunately, many do not see it that way and have left the RCC or have become spiritual but not religious.
"Others waver, especially because they no longer accept *any* guidance from their bishops. Once again, the bishops are the key.
Ann, you are so very right! Once a person loses trust in the bishops' ability to make sound moral judgments (and they did anything but make sound moral decisions when they decided to protect pedophile priests), it is hard to trust them when it comes to any moral guidance. The bishops have not shown through either words or actions that they can be trusted.
Yes. Sadly, the American bishops have yet to connect their own failure to tell the truth with the faithful's subsequent total mistrust of them. Many of the faithful think: why should we trust those liars about *anything*? After 20 years of scandal they still don't get it!!
It's tragic. No, it's worse than tragic. At least in a tragedy the tragic hero ultimately has a moment of illumination, a moment of truth when he understand his own failure and his own responsibilit for that failure. Not so with most of the American bishops. Even the better ones continue to close ranks with the others and refuse to denounce the others' sins. Yes, sins.
Fortunately, there have been other bishops, other teachers.
I don't know if one can connect the uncertain beliefs of many Christians with the failures of bishops. Can bishops really be held responsible for people not believing in Christ? Isn't that a little much to expect from them?
My ideal bishop is neither seen nor heard. He acts behind the scenes to encourage people's initiatives and to take care of his priests, but we are barely aware of his existence. He never stirs up anger and resentment, and never causes people to leave the Catholic church. We don't even remember his name. That's the best kind of bishop I have known.
My best bishop, Archbishop Rummel, was anythinb but silent. He spoke out loudly and persistently against segregation when hardly anybody else around did. At first most people couldn't stand him, and many even despised him, but he won them over and was highly revered at the end, and not just by Catholics.
My bishop only speaks about following Christ and his teachings. Make no mistake about it, my bishop is a very nice man, holy and concerned about shepharding his flock. However, he, like so many other bishops, have serious imperfections that cause part of the problem.
He never mentions any issue that is controversial. He speaks in generalities, like "today's culture is a me-too culture with too much individualism." One gets the message that individualism is the primary cause of non-reception and that Catholics are either in the "culture of death" or in "the culture of life". You are either a faithful Catholic or unfaithful. What bishops fail to address and articulate is that most Catholics are against abortion on demand for any reason. They will not address the fact that for the majority of Catholics it is not immoral to terminate a pregnancy when the mother's life is threatened with certainty and the fetus cannot survive under any circumstances. They don't go there because that would mean getting into "details". So they remain "silent" or they simply say under no circumstances can one terminate life. When it comes to the Phoenix case, the Church would rather have two people die than to save one life, the mother, even when the fetus will die with certainty either way.
In my 30 + years of weekly church attendance, I don't remember any priest or bishop ever speaking adequately from the pulpit or sponsoring a separate session for parishioners about the details regarding: contraception for good reasons, the denial of the sacrament of reconciliation and Eucharistic reception for the divorced and remarrired, the role of women religious, same-sex orientation/marriage/adoption, in vitro fertilization for couples with serious fertility issues, the child sex abuse scandal by clergy and the coverup...the list goes on. All I have ever heard is that we should pray for the victims of clergy sex abuse and the fact that the crimes were despicable. There was never any mention of justice and accountability for those who committed the crimes or for those who covered it up.
Yet, in private counselling sessions with my parish priest I get a different story. For example, he leaves the decision of birth control to newly marrired couples based on their informed conscience (after attending a NFP session), and he has no problem with same-sex civil unions, and disagrees with official teachings on other issues. Inconsistency, contradiction?
Make no mistake about what I am saying. I agree with my parish priest. However, the degree of disagreement among priests (and some bishops) regarding many official teachings is both profound and "silent", as in the "silent pulpit". No priest or bishop dares to speak "publically" against the magisterium for retribution. Yet, many priests will speak their minds in contradiction with official teachings in private counselling sessions with parishioners. Does this not fuel non-reception?
Bishops who hidden behind the scenes and are silent are not speaking out on the issues that divide our Church for fear of the consequences. They also do nothing to enforce certain teachings or remind Catholics of things like "intrinsically evil actions", "sacrilege", and the requirements of Euharistic reception despite USCCB guidelines. All the guidelines and formal policies regarding these issues are nothing more than empty words that are written and forgotten about. If they believe or not in these teachings, then be hot or cold but not luke-warm about it. Resolve the problem of non-reception or change the teaching.
How can there be good catechesis if there is inconsistency and contradiction? No one likes to talk about these things because there appears that there is nothing one can do. However, until the pope and the hierarchy solidifies the RCC and resolves these kinds of divisions and contradictions, each of us are called to do our part, however small, to move the conversation forward toward a better undersanding of the truth. This also means demanding accountabilty and responsibility for effective church governance.
Michael B. --
I agree that if many priests are disagreeing with the Church in private that this probably has something to do with the priest shortage. Who would want to become a priest if he had to say one thing publicly but the opposite in private? That this must be happening accounts for why all the new young priests are only those who think Church teachings are all correct. And it probably accounts for why there are so few young priests. They cannot take those solemn vows knowing they don't mean them.
How do the catechists handle their disagreements when they have them? Do they just present the matters as de facto what the Church teaches and let it do at that? What if they are asked for their opinion by some tendentious kid? Are they allowed to teach if the pastor also dissents from certain teachings? Or what? Have any studies been done of *these* problems?
The opposition by priests to the teaching that contraception is immoral is not based on the shortage of priests. Several surveys of priests have been conducted over the past 40 years and each tell the same story. I believe that Fr. Greeley mentioned 2 of them in an article in America magazine some time ago (don't know the year): the National Federation of Priest Councils conducted by Life Cycle Institute of Catholic University, and a LA Times survey. Both reported that 75% of priests favor contraception (only 25% disapprove of it).
A 1994 LA Times Survey of Priests and Nuns reported that 44% of priests think using artificial methods of birth control is seldom a mortal sin. In 1996, a survey of the priests of England and Wales reported that 43% of priests oppose the teaching on contraception and another 19% were unsure.
As for how catechists handle questions of disagreement about contraception, I have no idea.
IMO, the key statistic is that very few Catholics practice NFP. There are many surveys on Catholic practices and they all point in one direction. In 2007, the late Dean Hoge of Catholic University of America conducted a survey by Catholic age cohorts. Only about 10% of Catholics in every age cohort beleive contraception is always morally wrong. For those that attend weekly Mass, 64% believe that you can be a good Catholic without obeying the Church teaching on birth control; 52% believe you can be a good Catholic without obeying the Church teaching on divorce and remarriage; and 40% believe that you can be a good Catholic without obeying the Church teaching on abortion.
Given those statistics, it not perplexing why Catholics do not confess contraception as a sin in confession. For those very few Catholics that do confess it as a sin but continue to practice it, the priest gives absolution based on the "principle of graduation" for habitual sinners. This is based on the philosophy that frequent prayer, sacrament and striving will bring Catholics to their senses and embrace the truth about the evil of contraception and stop sinning. Yet, in contradiction, the principle of graduation is not given to other "habitual sinners", like the divorced and remarried who are practicing illicit sex in the eyes of the Church.
In conclusion, the issue of dissent and silence by priests as it applies to contraception and other teachings is a common pastoral practice that does not get any attention for it is hidden from public debate. No pope, bishop, priest or those in Rome, want to deal with scandal, inconsistency and contradiction. As far as Rome is concerned, there is only the official Church teaching. Yet, they don't want to enforce official Church teachings because of the consequences.
Given those statistics, it is not perplexing why Catholics do not confess contraception as a sin in confession.
Actually that and other controversial questions block people from going to confession: we don't know how to deal with something which we know is taught to be sinful, but which we do not recognize to be sinful. We have to confess it, because we're not supposed to voluntarily omit anything we're aware of. We cannot confess it, because we have no contrition and no resolve not to do it again. So, what to do? Just skip confession.
I don't believe that controverisal issues, such as contraception, prevent Catholics from going to confession. For example, I do not agree with many Church teachings for good philosophical and theological reasons. When I moved to a new location about 6 years ago, I wanted to join one of two local parishes. However, before doing so, I had a meeting with the local priest at each parish. I wanted to know if any of my disagreements would prevent me from participating in Mass, receiving the Eucharist or being a member of the Church in good standing. Both meetings were frank and respectful where I explained the issues I had a problem with, and how I arrived at my conclusions while still be open to further advice and education.
Both priests (in these 2 parishes) had no issue with the fact that I did not consider contraception as immoral for good reasons, nor were they against same-sex civil unions. I was favorablly surprised and glad. The most important thing they told me was that one should never allow disagreements to prevent one from interfering with their relationship with Christ.
As for Church teachings, one priest told me (as a reaction to a question I posed) that a married women with children whose life is threatened by another pregnancy can be sterilized as a means to safe-guard her life. This is not the official Church teaching. Most people don't realize that artificial contraception is considered by the RCC as a moral absolute, meaning that under no circumstances, ends or intentions can it be licit. Most Catholics think that there are "exceptions" to this teaching and are shocked to find out that there are none.
MY POINT: When I was young and practicing contraception, I never confessed it as a sin because my parish priest told me that it was a decision of my informed conscience. Thus, there was no problem in choosing this form of birth control for I had 2 children and wanted no more for good reasons. However, if a child was conceived by accident, my wife and I would have accepted this child into our family with unconditional love. This I believe is the experience of many Catholics. Many of them go to confession, for we all are sinners, but just do not confess contraception as a mortal sin.
Pope Francis began today a series of talks on the Church, which you can find here.
Is that not continuing? I was looking forward to part 2 but yesterday he talked about something else.
Thanks for Pope Francis's talk.
Pope Francis says we should come out of our individualism and love the Church, God and neighbor. If the definition of individualism is a person that does not have God in their lives, who believes that happiness in this world can be achieved through money and technology, where everything one does is for oneselve, then I ask how many Catholics fall into this definition? If there are degrees of individualism, where is the balance or line between loving God and neighbor and the immorality of individualism?
Without specifics, these well-meaning suggestions are abstactions that do not help us to understand precisely where the slippery slope is that we should avoid, and the virtues we should be striving to embrace within reason?
Michael, our model for the degrees of individualism is Jesus Christ. Where was his balance? How much of himself did he hold back, and how much did he give away? Nothing, and everything. Did he embrace virtues "within reason"? No, he embraced them beyond reason. That's our model: throw away balance and abandon yourself to God. (We're going to do it one day whether we want to or not, at the time of our death.)
Naturally, I am not like Christ, so I don't do that. But it's not a matter of finding the right balance but of being imperfect.
Second talk of the series: http://whispersintheloggia.blogspot.fr/2013/06/a-place-of-mercy-and-hope...
Today I would like to touch briefly on another of the terms with which the Second Vatican Council defined the Church, that of "People of God"
There is a paragraph similar to the one quoted in the post:
It is through Baptism that we are introduced to this people, through faith in Christ, the gift of God which must be nurtured and tended to throughout our whole life. Let us ask ourselves: how can I grow in the faith that I received in my Baptism? How do tend to this faith that I have received and that the people of God has? How do I make it grow?
Then yesterday at Mass the pastor of the parish I was visiting suggested that the sinful woman in the gospel reading represented the Church!
Sounds like your pastor may have read the Fathers. There's scarcely a woman in the Scriptures, including the prostitutes, whom they did not see as a symbol of the Church.


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Comes with tow rite open trailer too... Great buy!!!
Above Added: Wed February 12, 2014, 6:33 pm EST
Car Featured in Frances Butler Showdown; 2004 Street Points Winner; 2004 Street Points Runner Up; Special Article 2004 Chevy Rumble Magazine; Show Cased: Lynn's Body Shop, Express Auto and AED Speed Shop; Highlighted live on "Bill Bevins Morning Show" Chanel 6 Richmond, VA...Original 396 four speed SS Camaro; mini tubed, 460 BB, 10.38 @ 137 on Motor, 2 sets of almost everything comes with this sale; all of the finest race and original street parts. All OE items: boxed 12 bolt housing, front/rear seats, radiator, drive shaft, fender wells, brakes, etc. Ready to be a street classic cruiser over nite. Fresh clear coat base coat paint job! Race stuff is top of the line: Bogart custom made Race Wheels, Brodix aluminum heads and intake, Quick Fuel 850 cfm Drag Carb, Moser Custom built Unbreakable 12 Bolt, Aero-Space brakes, Aluminum Drive Shaft, East Coast Race Alternator, Crank Trigger, MSD (Distributor, Box and Rev-limiter) 400 Race Turbo with reverse valve body and Winter's Race Shifter, 4.56 Richmond Pro Gears, spool and Strange axles, ATI 9" 3800 stall converter, 8 point mild steel cage, like new carpet, hidden is a Sneaky Pete for 75 hr shot or 150 hrs plate shot if NITROS is needed, record Tach, double shift lites, Hooker headers etc; $40,000 worth of goodies come with this opportunity. Gone to a tub chassis '67 Camaro; need to pass this car onto a car lover who will appreciate it... :)
Above Added: Wed March 23, 2011, 5:37 pm EST
Seller Phone Number: 8045366541
This item is USED
Trades NOT ACCEPTED Payment options:
Item Location:
PETERSBURG, VA Get Directions To This City
Instructions for buyer: Ready to go back to street cruiser; beautiful car... Super fun to drive; straight as an arrow!!!
This item is USED
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|Cahiers Check @ VSUFCU
Instructions for buyer: Ready to go back to street cruiser; beautiful car... Super fun to drive; straight as an arrow!!!
This ad expires in 77 days.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Fazer Cafe
Category: Design / Branding/Identity,
Posted by: Ali
Posted: Aug 7th 2014
No. of comments: 0
Posted: Aug 7th 2014
No. of comments: 0
Helsinki studio, Kokoro & Moi have created this beautiful branding for the Finnish 'Fazer Cafe'. Along with creating their own typeface, the studio also crafted various patterns which have been used over the branding collateral.


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PetStay Deluxe King
What Makes This Room Different
Our PetStay Deluxe Room offers all the benefits of our Deluxe room with an added bonus - bring up to 2 of your canine companions! And for your dog's enjoyment we provide a special welcome amenity! PetStay rooms are an additional $40/night. Guests traveling with dog(s) will be asked to complete a waiver form accepting responsibility for any damage and/or cleaning charges possibly incurred. Up to 2 dogs per room permitted - weight limit of 50 lbs/dog.
Sheets : Standard
Decor : Modern
Square Footage : 400 sq. ft.
Smoking/Non-Smoking : Both Available
View : Some rooms have river view
Mattress : Standard
Workspace : No
Furniture : Sofa or Chair
Window Treatments : Curtains
Refrigerator : Yes
Bath Products : Standard
Vanity : No
Makeup Mirror : Yes
Tub/Shower : Yes
Shower Head : Standard
Robes : No
Hair Dryer : Yes
In-Mirror TV : No
Alarm Clock : Yes
CD Player : No
Iron w/ Board : Yes
Coffee Maker : Yes
iPod Stereo : No
Television : 30-inch HDTV, Remote control cable
Telephone : Free local calls, Wake-up calls, Voice mail
DVD Player : No


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The next Borderlands 2 DLC will be Valentine's Day themed, but the last pack is out in AprilWritten by: / / No Comments
Following a report yesterday that Borderlands 2 has shipped a whopping 8.5 million units out to retailers around the world, and news that the game is set to receive new downloadable content later this year, Gearbox Software has confirmed that we'll indeed get new DLC both in February and in April, but neither will be significant campaign additions.
The first of the DLC will be the fourth Headhunter pack titled 'Mad Moxxi and the Wedding Day Massacre,' which releases on February 11th for $2.99. This Headhunter excursion will (like the previous packs) reward you with unique heads and skins if you manage to beat the content's boss with each of the six playable characters, with increasing difficulty on multiple runs.
IGN writes that, this time, you'll revisit the feud between the Hodunk and Zaford families – bizarrely enough, a Goliath from each of the families are to be married and you'll need to put together a love potion by collecting the necessary ingredients… Here's the trailer for Mad Moxxi and the Wedding Day Massacre:
Borderlands 2 – Mad Moxxi and the Wedding Day Massacre Commentary
The final piece of DLC for Borderlands 2, and the fifth Headhunter pack, will become available in April, and is called 'Sir Hammerlock and the Son of Crawmerax,' so you can only guess what that's all about…
Are you still playing Borderlands 2 and looking forward to the next two Headhunter packs, and what will be the final pieces of DLC for the game?
Source: IGN
Tags: 2kgames, borderlands2, dlc, gearboxsoftware


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I have an iOS application, and apparently I can have a max of 50 promo codes.
There is this kickstarter game: http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/293831888/pota-toss-amazing-indie-ios-game-with-gps-based-le
In the second reward tier, it says it will give a full version of the game for free. I see 98 backers.
How can they offer more than 50 full versions of their game? Do they use a method other than promo codes? Can someone request more promo codes?


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I saw this term pop up in a quiche recipe concerning the crust - How can you tell if the problem is too little/too much shortening, or too little/too much liquid? If it's out of proportion, can it be "fixed" without creating an inedible cardboard thing?
"Shortness" in dough refers to its tenderness which is influenced by the amount of fat as well as sugar. If your quiche recipe is calling for a short dough, it would be referring to a higher ratio of fat since pastry for quiche typically doesn't include sugar.
Both fat and sugar minimize and break down gluten development which results in "short" protein strands and thus a more tender result. As the fat is rubbed into the flour glutenin (providing strength) and gliadin (providing elasticity) are coated with the fat which acts as a lubricant to keep the two from being able to link together forming gluten when liquid is added to the mix.
The higher the amount of fat in a dough the more tender it will be. If you want a dough to be flaky then you'd leave the fat in larger particles which will blister to form flakes. If you want a dough that will be moisture resistant to fillings (such as a quiche) then work that fat in finely so that it will be less likely to absorb moisture during and after baking.
Quiche crusts (and crusts for other custard based pies...pumpkin, sweet potato, custard, etc) should first be blind-baked for the crispest crust in the finished result.
As for "fixing" a pastry dough...it's usually easiest and best to simply start over. Water is added a little at a time to avoid adding too much. If too much water is used then more flour needs to be added but with the excessive flour and water then comes additional gluten. If you get a pastry dough too wet, I would be inclined to rub some additional fat into flour and then add that to the first dough rather than just flour alone. Too little shortening will really only be noticed after baking and that's going to be determined through how tough or tender the dough is.
Keep in mind that toughness also depends on the amount you've handled it. Short doughs typically can't be handled too much because the higher amount of fat means that they will warm and get sticky. It is best to refrigerate to firm up the fat rather than add flour as the flour simply dries it out. The tender nature of the dough from sugar means that in some cases they can be impossible to roll out and transfer to a pan. In this case they are usually put into the bottom of the pan and then patted out across the bottom and up the side.


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CHICAGO (AP) -- The father of a young U.S. diplomat killed in southern Afghanistan says his daughter always had a passion for foreign affairs and was preparing to learn Arabic for an assignment in Algeria.
Anne Smedinghoff, a 25-year-old foreign service officer from suburban Chicago, died Saturday when the group she was traveling with was struck by an explosion. They were en route to donate textbooks to students.
She is the first American diplomat to die on the job since last year's attack on the U.S. diplomatic installation in Benghazi, Libya.
Her father, Tom Smedinghoff, told The Associated Press he takes consolation in knowing she died doing what she loved and was making a difference.
She was a graduate of Johns Hopkins University and joined the foreign service right out of school.


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This is a rather broad question. Does anyone know of good video lectures for graduate level classical electrodynamics?
Before answering, please see our policy on resource recommendation questions. Please write substantial answers that detail the style, content, and prerequisites of the book, paper or other resource. Explain the nature of the resource so that readers can decide which one is best suited for them rather than relying on the opinions of others. Answers containing only a reference to a book or paper will be removed!
My understanding of Graduate Level is an overlap between JD Jackson's Classical electrodynamics, Landau's Electrodynamics of continuous media and Landau's Classical Theory of fields. Unfortunately, there isnt much video material out there, which is justifiable because there is no great pedagogical need here. If you understand Griffith's level electrodynamics the Jackson's book is an advanced methods to solve sophisticated problems book. Which is best learnt by doing problems.
ALthough I am not greatly impressed, this is a set of video lectures that treats Landau and Jackson as textbooks.
It might be worthwhile to have a look at Leonard Susskind's lecture on classical electrodynamics and classical theory of fields in the special relativity module.
If you're looking for companion notes, then these lecture slides would help you a lot more specifically with understanding the material presented in Jackson, I found it really helpful.
You may try this sequence of 36 MIT lectures by Walter Lewin:
I would guess that at the end, they're undergraduate lectures - but if it is true, I would find it natural because there is nothing such as "universal graduate classical electromagnetism". The general shared material of classical electromagnetism belongs to the undergraduate curriculum. Graduate students may also learn classical electromagnetism but it must not be the basic or universal material but rather some "twist" that is appropriate for a narrower physics discipline that is still actively evolving.
Classical electromagnetism was researched mainly in the 19th century and as a general research subject, it's not really alive today. There are related active fields of research but they're not "just classical electromagnetism".


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Publication Scheme - services provided by the council
This section contains information about the services the council provides including leaflets, guidance and newsletters.
If you can not find what you need please contact the FOI Mailbox FOI. firstname.lastname@example.com
Regulatory and licensing responsibilities
Regulatory responsibilities
Licencing responsibilities
Services for local business
Creative city awards
Advice to private landlords
Services for other organisations
Schools repair service
Property repair management
Disability audits
Support for ex-service personnel
Services for asylum seekers and refugees
Services for members of the public
Children's services
Public transport
Adults and Communities
Building control
Environmental and planning
Planning Online
Housing services
Dropped kerbs
Park and Pay
Highways charges
Building consultancy
Information for visitors to the area
Birmingham Library
Archives and Heritage
Leaflets, booklets and newsletters
These are a just sample of our publications, there are others on our website. Please contact us if you are unable to find the document you require.
Adults and Communities Publications
Planning News
Tenancy support service
Information for homeless people
Private landlords and tenants
Advice and guidance
Neighbourhood offices and information
Councillors advice bureaux
Trading standards advice to consumers
Housing services
Media releases


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Pamela Bradshaw
Missing Since: 09/20/01
Missing from: Wilmington, Brunswick County, North Carolina
Classification: Missing
Date Of Birth: 03/17/59
Age at disappearance: 42
Height: 5'9″
Weight: 110 lbs
Hair Color: Black/Brown
Eye Color: Brown
Race: Black
Gender: Female
Distinguishing Characteristics: African-American female. Black hair, brown eyes. Bradshaw has a surgical scar on her left breast. Her molars have been removed. Bradshaw may use the alias name Denise Williams.
Medical Conditions: Bradshaw is HIV-positive.
Details of Disappearance
Bradshaw was last seen late on the day of September 20, 2001. Her daughter dropped her off at her residence on Red Cross Street in Wilmington, North Carolina. Later she was seen talking to someone in a white vehicle that was idling in the middle of the street. She has never been heard from again. Few details are available in her case.
If you have any information concerning this case, please contact:
Wilmington Police Department
Families look for help in search of 2 missing women
Two families continue to search for answers in the case of two missing women. Priscilla Rogers, 41, and Pamela Bradshaw, 47, both lived in Wilmington.
After 10 years, daughter still searching for missing mom
Ten years have passed since Pamela Bradshaw disappeared from Wilmington. Now her only child is back in town handing out fliers and meeting with the investigators on the case.
Woman missing for nine years, family looks for answers
Posted:Apr 19, 2010 1:29 PM CDT
Posted by Debra Worley – email
WILMINGTON, NC (WECT) – Almost nine years ago, a Wilmington woman disappeared from the area after last being seen dropping her daughter off at home.
According to authorities, 47-year-old Pamela Bradshaw was last seen Sept. 20, 2001 on Red Cross Street in Wilmington. She was seen talking to someone in a white vehicle that was idling in the middle of the street. She has never been heard from again.
There are few details available in Bradshaw's case, but officials know she is HIV positive and most likely hasn't received medical treatment.
Bradshaw's family came to the Wilmington area Monday in hopes of reopening her case to find answers in her disappearance.
Bradshaw is an African American woman with a surgical scar on her left breast. Her molars have been removed and she may use the alias name Denise Williams. She stands 5'9″ tall and weighs around 110 pounds.
Anyone with information concerning this case is asked to contact the Wilmington Police Department (910) 343-3645.
Daughter continues search for missing mother 10 years later
By Ana Ribeiro
Published: Monday, April 19, 2010 at 3:06 p.m.
Allder's intuition told her she should come to Wilmington, and on Monday she was here to talk to people who knew her mother and to detectives, to give out fliers and try to draw attention back to her case. Her mother, Pamela Bradshaw, has been missing since September 2000, and information is scarce.
"I just felt like she was there, like I needed to come down no matter how long I was going to stay and try to get some help," said Allder, a 34-year-old mother of two. She said she doesn't believe Bradshaw is alive, and is looking for closure.
What the CUE Center for Missing Persons has heard is that Bradshaw was last seen near Red Cross Street, leaning into the passenger side of a blue Cadillac-style vehicle with a white top. Bradshaw was 41 when she disappeared.
The Wilmington-based victim advocacy center and its founder, Monica Caison, have worked to keep the case alive. A case like this is especially tough for those affected this time of year, with Mothers' Day approaching, Caison said.
Allder says it's bizarre to look at the billboards of missing persons and realize it's happened to her family.
On Monday, she clutched a flyer with her mother's picture as she spoke to cameras in the parking lot of a Wilmington hotel. As tears overpowered Allder, Caison came to her side and gently asked if she'd like to take a break.
The break didn't last. A reporter with a notepad followed Allder as she sat down, and asked what her mother was like.
She said that growing up, she kept going back and forth between her mother and grandmother, as Bradshaw's drug addiction "overpowered her being a mother." But Allder says she always saw the good in her mother.
"She was great," Allder said. "If she had 50 cents, she was going to give you a quarter. … She was outgoing, she was fun, caring, loving. …Not a mean bone in her body."
The last time Allder saw her mother was when she drove her home to Seventh and Red Cross streets on Sept. 20, 2000, after Bradshaw had spent time with her grandchild. Following her mother's disappearance, Allder moved away but has been back to Wilmington several times since, hoping to find some answers.
Bradshaw is described as black, 5'9″, 110 pounds, with brown eyes and black hair. She has a surgical scar on her left breast, her molars have been removed and she is HIV-positive, according to the CUE Center's Web site. Bradshaw may use the alias Denise Williams.
Anyone with information on this case is encouraged to call Wilmington police at 343-3600. In case of a sighting, the best bet is to call 911, police say.
If you have any information on this case please contact CUE Center For Missing Persons using the contact form below or contact Cue Center at (910) 343-1131 24 hour tip line (910) 232-1687.
All information submitted to CUE Center For Missing Persons is confidential.


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Norman Wildberger's "rational trigonometry" has been viewed by some mathematicians as a clever new take on an ancient topic. Wildberger's "spread polynomials" $S_n$ are characterized by the identity $$ \sin^2(n\theta) = S_n(\sin^2\theta) $$ (except that Wildberger refuses to refer explicitly to the sine function in the definition and does it by other means). In one sense these are trivially equivalent to the Chebyshev polynomials $T_n$ characterized by $$ \cos(n\theta) = T_n(\cos\theta). $$ Wildberger notes that $1 - 2S_n(s) = T_n(1 - 2s)$.
In thinking about whether this polynomial sequence is even worth mentioning after Chebyshev polynomials have been treated, three questions come to mind:
Could it be that an essential difference justifying a separate treatment is the factorization of these polynomials? Wildberger factors the spread polynomials. Is there some important reason for doing that?
Is there a combinatorial interpretation of the coefficients? The coefficient of the $n$th-degree term in $S_n$ for $n=1,\dots,10$ is $n^2$ and the coefficient of the constant term is $4^{n-1}$. The first-degree term is $n/2$ times the constant term.
If there's no essential difference that justifies attending to the two sequences separately, the fact that the conventional way of viewing the sequence (Chebyshev polynomials) is chronologically first, doesn't mean it's necessarily better than Wildberger's way of viewing it (spread polynomials). Is it?


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TripAdvisor ratingRead reviews
Holiday Inn Express GLASGOW - CITY CTR RIVERSIDE
Stay in Glasgow's shopping district at the family-friendly Holiday Inn Express Glasgow City Centre Riverside hotel. The welcoming Holiday Inn Express hotel in Glasgow city centre is located near the chic Merchant City district's trendy restaurants of and the shops of the Style Mile , and a 10-minute walk from both Glasgow Central and Queen Street train stations. You're just 9 miles from international flights at Glasgow Airport . Vibrant Buchanan Street and St Enoch shopping centre are a short walk from Holiday Inn Express Glasgow City Centre Riverside . You can take the subway from nearby St Enoch station to see Rangers and Celtic play scintillating derby matches at Ibrox Stadium or Parkhead Stadium . Ask our friendly staff to recommend their favourite nearby restaurants. Book one of our Family rooms for 2 adults and 2 children. You can help yourself to scrambled egg, sausages, cererals, fresh pastries and more from the complimentary buffet breakfast each morning in our Great Room. Relax in the Great Room throughout the day with a drink from the bar or catch up on email with free wireless Internet access .
Accommodation details
Address:STOCKWELL STREET
United Kingdom
Check-in Details:
General facilities
- Ice machine
- Wireless internet connection in public areas
- Dry cleaning
- Safe deposit box
- Cocktail lounge
- Executive floor
- Public area air conditioned
- Lounges/bars
- On-Site parking
- Parking
Plan your holiday
To search for prices and availability simply click the button below.
Pick a departure date
Simply select the number of nights and choose a departure date that suits you.
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--- Flights & hotel
Based on 2 adults, night(s).
room. .
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Can't find what you're looking for? Change:
- Departure airport
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Why BA Holidays?
Plan and book your holiday with British Airways, online or by phone. Enjoy all these great benefits:
- Combine and save - book your flight + hotel or flight + car hire together for the best deals
- Choose from over 8,000 hotels
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Why BA hotels?
Book your hotel with British Airways and enjoy all these great benefits:
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- Hotels in every destination that BA fly to
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- Accommodation that meets stringent health and safety criteria
- Access to a 24-hour support helpline, based in the UK


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Sorry if this is a really badly worded question. Say you have a box of unknown size, and a planar object of a known size (say, a credit card).
You arrange these object somehow (probably with the card aligned with two of the boxes axes) and take a picture of them.
Knowing the exact size of the card, is there any maths I could use to calculate the exact size of the box? Would I have to move the card and take another picture to get the size along the 3rd axis?


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From Noisebridge
Revision as of 01:42, 21 June 2013 by 220.127.116.11 (Talk)
Who is a member?
The marshmallowy good enjoyables associated with Noisebridge.
This is not a membership list. Anyone may add themselves to it. Its names are maintained solely by those who have added them to it.
Add yourself in alphabetical order by first name.
Gescykae Welz 'formerly Jesse'


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Washing Windows
- Spray bottle
- Water
- Vinegar
- Cleaning cloth
- Fill a spray bottle with water and 1/4 cup white vinegar.
- Give your child the bottle and cleaning cloth and let her help you wash the windows, bathroom counters, or kitchen appliances.
- She will love to be your helper and work along side you while you do some of your own cleaning.
Copyright © 1998 by Patricia Kuffner. Excerpted from The Preschooler's Busy Book with permission of its publisher, Meadowbrook Press.
To order this book visit Meadowbrook Press.


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If I wanted my party's spellcaster to enhance/enchant a weapon or piece of armor, is there a limit to the number enhancements it can have on it? I haven't read anywhere that there is a limit, but putting an unlimited number on them seems OP. I also remember the game Neverwinter Nights 2 limited you to 4, but it didn't follow the rules 100%.
Sign up
- Anybody can ask a question
- Anybody can answer
- The best answers are voted up and rise to the top
Magic Item Compendium updated and clarified weapons' limits. These rules are in addition to those in the Player's Handbook: for example, Magic Item Compendium does not repeat, but does not repeal, the rule that non-epic weapons and armor are limited to a +5 enhancement bonus.
But for the purposes of non-enhancement magic properties, we have the following rules:
General Limitation: You have to pay for it
Even self-crafted magical enhancements are expensive. You are unlikely to actually want to have more than +10-equivalent or 200,000 gp worth of properties much before epic levels anyway, simply because it is unwise to sink so much money into a single item. At the very highest levels (say 18th level and upward) you might have considered buying such an expensive item but it is a dubious choice even if it were allowed.
The limit is based on the total enhancement bonus. Each enchantment has, listed as its price, a number, for example Bane has a +1 for its price. A non epic weapon/armor can have only up to a total of +10, and at least +1 of it must be an actual enhancement bonus, and no more than +5 can be actual enhancement bonus.
So for example, a +1 Bane long sword would have the cost of a +2 weapon and has room on it for a total of +8 more on it.
An important note, some armor enchantments have an actual price and not a bonus, these do not count towards the limit.


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Back to Previous Page | Curriculum Home
LAAF01: ESLDevM1 (2013-2014)
CURRICULUM PROGRAM: English as a Second Language
COURSE TITLE: ESL-3 Developing M 1hr
COURSE LENGTH: 36 weeks
Major Concepts/Content: The ESL Developing Communication course is designed for students whose primary language is not English and who are at a level 3 English proficiency. This course is designed to increase English language proficiency, enhance academic language, and develop learning strategies to meet the demands of learning academic content in English. Communication skills (i.e., listening, speaking, viewing, reading and writing) are strengthened through the integrated learning of language and academic content. Content includes, but is not limited to, development of social and academic listening and speaking skills through dialogues, conversations, lectures, role-playing, and oral reporting; development of reading strategies (fiction and nonfiction), such as previewing, determining main idea and details, inferring, analyzing, and evaluating written material; and the development of writing (factual and creative) at all stages of the writing process, including prewriting, drafting, responding to peer writing, revising, editing, and publishing. Vocabulary, grammar, and verbal skills necessary for the world of work and/or mastering content curriculum standards are presented and developed in authentic situations. The development of critical thinking skills, learning strategies, and socio-cultural knowledge is emphasized throughout the learning process.
Major Instructional Activities: Instructional activities will be provided in individual, small group and whole class settings. Student activities will include, but not limited to, improving speaking and listening skills through listening to material for information and response, note-taking, following oral directions, participating in conversations and discussions, oral reading and reporting, pronunciation practice, language games and Reader's Theater. Activities to improve comprehension of written English (fiction and nonfiction) will include, but not limited to, previewing reading selections, decoding vocabulary from context, determining main idea and details, restating or summarizing materials, using reference materials, and recognizing plot elements. Writing activities will include, but not limited to, sentence and paragraph writing in a variety of types, letter writing, research and report writing, note-taking, use of graphic organizers, and creative writing of dialogues, stories, plays, and poetry. Instructional activities to support the student in mastering general content standards will include, but not limited to, pre-teaching the language or vocabulary, activating prior knowledge, building background content knowledge and explicitly teaching learning strategies
Major Evaluative Techniques: Students will be evaluated on comprehending and creating spoken and written English. Evaluation instruments include both summative and formative assessments, such as interdisciplinary activities, projects, diagnostic testing, content-based tests, teacher- and textbook-created assessments, and student self-assessments
Course Objectives: Demonstrate confidence and oral skills necessary to communicate adequately in social interactions. Use English in socially and culturally appropriate ways. Speak with comprehensible English pronunciation. Understand and verbalize concrete and, with some vocabulary and grammar restrictions, abstract experiences. Use increasingly comprehensive vocabulary in academic conversation and discussion. Apply learning strategies to improve comprehension and fluency and to generate/organize ideas. Comprehend most contextualized grade-level written and oral English material and respond to/evaluate it orally and in writing. Communicate information and ideas in a variety of written forms to accomplish different purposes. Actively participate in the general education content classroom, understanding and using contextualized academic vocabulary


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18 Jun 2010 12:12 PM #1
ExtJs App Interact With Remote Page Content Using IFrames
I've been working with ExtJs for about 6 months now (I realize I still have plenty to learn ), and I'm attempting to develop my own application that will automate some data entry-type processes on the web.
1. Accessing Google gmail page
2. Create a new gmail account with data from application form
3. Fills out fields on the web page...
4. etc.
Now, my application already consists of a Viewport with west region as a control panel of sorts and the center region as a fully functional mini web browser that allows you input urls, go back and forth, etc.
I guess my question is "I don't have any idea about accessing the fields (text fields, buttons, links) on the loaded pages in my iframe. Could someone please point me in the right direction or at least let me know what I should be researching to achieve my application?"
I would really appreciate it
18 Jun 2010 6:13 PM #2
Don't think you can for security reasons just like the example you mentioned. Sites provide a human only readable "security check" so these types of things won't and can't happen.
18 Jun 2010 11:06 PM #3
- Join Date
- Mar 2007
- Location
- The Netherlands
- Posts
- 24,246
- Vote Rating
- 118
2. Even if you would disable this restriction (e.g. using a modified Firefox), these kind of websites usually use captchas to validate that a real human is entering the information.
20 Jun 2010 5:05 PM #4
Darn, that's too bad. Thanks for your input nonetheless.
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An Introduction to 5th Bar Cafe
5th Bar Cafe is the exclusively Dallis Bros-branded cafe located in the entrance to the event. All coffees are brewed in either a slow-brew method or on a beautifully-crafted Victoria Arduino lever espresso machine from Nuova Simonelli. Come by and grab one of our gorgeous Cup of Excellence coffees or grab a signature espresso from our very own barista competitor, Philip Search!


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Oryx and Crake — Margaret Atwood
The premise: In a post-apocalyptic world, one of the only remaining survivors reflects on how his best friend brought about the end of civilization.
Why film it? Look at The Hunger Games. Dystopian sci-fi is in. Look at The Walking Dead. Apocalyptic sci-fi is also in. With Oryx & Crake, you get it both ways: a frighteningly believable and self-destructive future society and a planet after a disaster rapidly being reclaimed by animal and plant life. Plus, while the book can stand on its own just fine, there is a sequel (The Year of the Flood) and a third book due out later this year. And movie studios love franchises.
Who'd make it? It would be great if somebody like Terry Gilliam could make it. Despite the bleak material, the books are pretty funny at times and it would need a director who would be comfortable with some of the more unhinged parts. But there's no chance a studio looking to make a franchise would let someone that out of control near it, so my guess would be Alfonso Cuaron, who brought a lot of visual flair to another more down-to-earth sci-fi movie, Children of Men.
What are the odds it'll happen? 5/10 — There's a chance nobody wants to touch this series until they see how it wraps up when the last book comes out this year. There's just as good of a chance that nobody wants to touch this series at all since the last film adaptation of a Margaret Atwood book, The Handmaid's Tale, was pretty poorly received.


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West Virginia set to expand 'home rule'
June 30, 2013
WEIRTON — Five years after launching the municipal home rule pilot program in four West Virginia communities, the state is ready to expand it....
Home rule is good for communities with honest leaders, but Weirton is scary, especially with one of the most unethical former Senators leading the charge. This article proves it. Everything discussed as a positive is a higher fee placed on citizens. Maybe it would first be best to ensure that communities applying for home-rule are actually following the laws on the books today. That review would lead to some surprising results if handle honestly - like how did it get to the point where Weirton had to be sued to comply with basic EPA standards - risking the health of their citizens.
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Handbook of Obstetrics & Gynecology in Chinese Medicine: An Integrated Approach (9780939616282)
Publisher: Eastland Press
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One of the most exciting developments in modern Chinese medicine is the integration of traditional medical knowledge with modern biomedicine. The center for this important and stimulating work is Shanghai, and one of its best known proponents is Yu Jin, M.D.
Drawing on four decades of experience as a clinician, researcher, and teacher of obstetrics and gynecology, Dr. Yu has written a handbook for practitioners which presents an integrated approach to obstetric and gynecologic disorders, the first of its kind in a Western language.
Dr. Yu presented the evidence for the use of acupuncture in the treatment of gynecologic, endocrine, and reproductive indications at the 1997 National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Acupuncture in Washington, D.C.
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Track Events Weigh Security After Boston Marathon Bombings
The effects of the Boston Marathon bombings are rippling across track and field as the sport kicks off its spring season.
Officials overseeing the University of Pennsylvania's Penn Relays said Thursday that guests will be prohibited from bringing backpacks into the stands at the event, which begins next Thursday and lasts three days.
The 119-year-old event draws Olympic, college and high-school track stars from around the world and attracts 25,000 to 50,000 spectators a day to Franklin Field on the campus of Penn, an Ivy League university in Philadelphia.
"Within 30 minutes of what happened on Monday, there were meetings and discussions amongst all parties at Penn involved in this event about how to keep our guests and athletes safe," said Chas Dorman, the associate director of communications for Penn Athletics.
In addition to the backpack ban, spectators at the events will be searched each time they enter the facility. Athletes will be allowed to bring backpacks to the meet, but both the athletes and their bags will undergo searches.
Maureen Rush, vice president of public safety at the university, said that security at the Penn Relays has been stringent since the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. "We've done sweeps by bomb dogs of the stadium. It's a big international event. We recognize that it could be a target," she said, adding, "By prohibiting backpacks among spectators, we're eliminating one more thing that can be eliminated." Penn Relays hasn't received any threats this year or in past years, Ms. Rush said.
Apart from the track meet, Ms. Rush said that backpacks will be prohibited at a fundraising celebration on Penn's campus Friday.
Meanwhile, at Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, a spokesman said the security plan for next week's Drake Relays is "a work in progress."
The plan is "being evaluated as we speak. We are working in conjunction with our local and state law enforcement," said the spokesman, Ty Patton.
The Drake Relays feature a range of competitions from high-school through elite levels, but in addition will host a series of all-comers road races next Saturday, April 28.
Drake Stadium holds more than 14,500 spectators and has sold out on Saturdays for "dozens of years," Mr. Patton said.
Write to Sara Germano at email@example.com


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Introducing Cathy Young, New Dance Division Director
You are hereHome/ Introducing Cathy Young, New Dance Division Director
Boston Conservatory Appoints Cathy Young to Lead Dance Division
"My goal is to honor the Conservatory's emphasis on classical ballet and modern dance, while expanding the curriculum and programming into new areas, to best prepare our students for the arena of 21st century dance."
(BOSTON—May 19, 2011) Richard Ortner, President of The Boston Conservatory, today announces the appointment of Cathy Young as Director of the Dance Division, following an extensive national search. Young is currently the Chair of the Theater and Dance Department at Ursinus College in Pennsylvania, where she built the dance program from the ground up with her colleague, Chris Aiken. She will assume her new post on August 1, 2011.
According to Ortner, "Cathy's arrival comes at a pivotal time in the Conservatory's history. Under the leadership of Dean Pat Hoy, our institution is undergoing a thorough program review to revisit, re-evaluate and re-imagine how best to prepare our students for careers of the future. Cathy's exceptional experience and energy, her passion for dance education, and her ability to mentor young dancers toward the broadest career possibilities will serve us extremely well."
Young, who earned her M.F.A. in Dance from the University of Illinois, is nationally recognized as a choreographer and master teacher, having taught and set works at more than 30 colleges around the country. Her return to Boston is a homecoming of sorts as she earned her B.A. from Harvard in 1984, and served as adjunct faculty at Boston University from 1995-98.
"Boston feels like home to me," says Young, who spent the first five years of her dance career in Boston, building relationships with teachers and mentors who fostered her early passion for dance education. "I am excited to return to this city and honored to become the new Director of the Dance Division of The Boston Conservatory. The Conservatory has a solid reputation for excellence in the development of dance artists and I am immensely impressed by the passion, energy and talent of the faculty and students I have met. My goal is to honor the Conservatory's emphasis on classical ballet and modern dance, while expanding the curriculum and programming into new areas, to best prepare our students for the arena of 21st century dance. We have an exciting opportunity to influence and reshape dance education at a national level."
Young has served on the faculty of the Florida Dance Festival, the international Open Look Festival in St. Petersburg, Russia and, for the past ten years, the prestigious Bates Dance Festival in Maine. According to Laura Faure, Director of Bates Dance Festival, "Cathy is extraordinary. She is a well respected and incredibly articulate educator and historian with exceptional skills, professional connections and an infectious personality. She will be able to make an immediate positive impact in redefining the Conservatory's dance program and bringing it into the current stream of where dance is today."
In addition to teaching, Young has performed with a number of dance companies including Zenon Dance Company and Danny Buraczeski's JAZZDANCE!, touring extensively throughout the U.S. and Europe, and performing in prestigious venues such as the Joyce Theater in New York and Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival. After graduating from Harvard, she worked with several Boston-based companies, dancing with Marcus Schulkind and Danny Sloan Dance Companies and directing The Roxy Dancers. For the past 25 years, Young has been focused on creating her own work, a dynamic mix of styles and dance forms that intermingles jazz, modern, contact improvisation, social dance and gymnastics. She creates choreography for her own company, Cathy Young Dance, and has also been commissioned by major companies around the country. She has been the recipient of awards and grants from various art foundations.
About The Boston Conservatory
The Boston Conservatory trains exceptional young performing artists for careers that enrich and transform the human experience. Known for its intimate and supportive multi-disciplinary environment, The Boston Conservatory offers fully accredited graduate and undergraduate programs in music, dance and theater, and presents more than 200 performances each year by students, faculty and guest artists. Since its founding in 1867, The Boston Conservatory has shared its talent and creativity with the city of Boston, the region and the nation, and continues to grow today as a vibrant community of artists and educators. For more information, visit www.bostonconservatory.edu.
Joyce Linehan
(617) 282-2510
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Ollie tries to solve Huskies' shooting woes
BY ED DAIGNEAULT Republican-American
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Become an electronic subscriber to the Republican-American for only $8 a month. CLICK HERE.


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Return to Top
Admissions · Advising · Catalog · Financial Aid · Registrar · Scholarships
About the College
The College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences consists of three departments:
- Wildlife, Sustainability, and Ecosystem Sciences
- Agricultural and Consumer Sciences
- Animal Science and Veterinary Technology
Historically, Tarleton has been strong in the discipline of agriculture since its establishment in 1899, and it was known for most of the first half of this century as John Tarleton Agricultural College. Enrollment in the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences exceeds 1,600.
With 14 Texas universities offering baccalaureate degrees in agriculture, Tarleton's program is second in number of student majors in Texas and third nationally among non-land grant universities. Tarleton's graduates have a reputation for high performance and for contributions to their professions in agriculture, agribusiness, education, and human sciences.


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Theorem (Triangle-free Lemma). For all $\eta>0$ there exists $c > 0$ and $n_0$ so that every graph $G$ on $n>n_0$ vertices, which contains at most $cn^3$ triangles can be made triangle free by removing at most $\eta\binom{n}{2}$ edges.
I am trying to find some information related to this topic, I am unable to access the orignal paper by Ruzsa & Szemeredi.
Does anyone know any useful papers/books on the triangle-free lemma?


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Tweet Carefully, Best's Review, September 2010The proliferation of social media presents risk management challenges, according to Steve Pozzi, chief operationg officer
for Chubb Commercial Insurance.
Safe Harbor in the Online Storm, The Financial Manager, May/June 2010A series of actions provide Internet service providers guard against lawsuits when copyright-protected content is posted to
their sites.
A Web of Liabilities, The Financial Manager, September/October 2009User-generated content can be a blessing to the bottom line or a curse in the courtroom, depending on how platforms publish
it, according to Chubb's Ken Goldstein.


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There Simply Is No Stopping the Blackhawks
The Chicago Blackhawks are two games away from the midpoint of this truncated NHL regular season, and they still haven't lost in regulation.
Patrick Kane scored a game-tying goal with 2:02 left in the third period Sunday, then tallied again in a shootout to give the Hawks to a 2-1 road victory over the Detroit Red Wings. At 19-0-3, Chicago has earned a point in 22 consecutive games to start its season, a league record. Dating to last season, the Hawks have gone 28 straight regular-season games without losing in regulation, tied for the second-longest such streak in NHL history.
Selig: Baseball Needs
Tougher Drug Penalties
Major League Baseball commissioner Bud Selig is pushing for harsher penalties for players who test positive for performance-enhancing drugs.
Selig said Saturday that MLB will discuss the issue with the players' union, which has expressed a willingness to at least revisit the subject. During a visit to the Baltimore Orioles' spring-training complex Sunday, union head Michael Weiner told reporters, "There are going to be talks. I don't what the result is going to be."
Currently, an initial violation results in a 50-game suspension, a second results in a 100-game suspension and a third results in a lifetime ban.
—Brian Costa
- 4


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The numbers are in from the Fish and Wildlife service, and hunting and fishing are on the rise all over, and officials say that trend is showing up in Kentucky.
Officials say the biggest reason is new programs across the state.
"Urban fishing program, we call it fishing in neighborhoods, where we have a focused effort at lakes that are in urban areas. It attracts people to fishing that really had not had the opportunity to do so," said Mark Marraccini, Kentucky Fish and Wildlife Dept. Spokesman.
Tom Baker is an avid hunter, but has also worked for years to help preserve wildlife in Kentucky, including getting elk back into the Commonwealth.
"We've brought back the elk in Kentucky to not the same kind of numbers when Daniel Boone came here, but closer than any time in history since Daniel Boone's been in Kentucky," said Baker.
While the popularity may be growing, that trend could die down if a constitutional initiative doesn't pass on Election day.
The initiative would make hunting and fishing a right in Kentucky, not just a privilege.
"I personally am in agreement with that. I'm not 100 percent sure how much of an effect this will be, because I still think that all the game laws, and all of the regulations still need to be in place," said Baker.
While most expect it to pass, even if it doesn't, officials don't expect much of a change.
"I don't see an immediate impact to the way we hunt and fish in Kentucky today at all. I think this amendment is just long range foresight," said Marracini.
It's that foresight, that hunters say will help in the future.
There is another report on hunting and fishing to be released next month.


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The names of the fairies?
Posted 08 October 2007 - 10:28 AM
Posted 08 October 2007 - 10:39 AM
Candite, Coulante, Fleur de Farine, Miettes qui Tombent, Canari qui Chante, Violente and our favorite Fee des Lilas
I've never known all the names of the fairies in Sleeping Beauty....I know only the Lilac fairy...can you help me giving all of them their own names?thanks.Sorry if the post already exhists.
Posted 08 October 2007 - 11:32 AM
Posted 08 October 2007 - 11:32 AM
Candite, Coulante, Fleur de Farine, Miettes qui Tombent, Canari qui Chante, Violente and our favorite Fee des Lilas
Thank you very much.Very good;-) Now I have to match the names and the dancers.Canari is the yellow one with a feather and Violente is maybe the one who points his index around....I'm gonna check:-)
Posted 08 October 2007 - 12:18 PM
Lilac Fairy
Fairy of Beauty
Fairy of Temperament
Fairy of Purity
Fairy of Joy
Fairy of Wit
Fair of Generosity
The Mariinsky Ballet's program (for the Sergeyev version) lists the fairies as:
Lilac Fairy
Tender Fairy
Playful Fairy
Generous Fairy
Brave Fairy
Carefree Fairy
and then:
Diamond Fairy
Sapphire Fairy
Gold Fairy
Silver Fairy
Caraboss Fairy
Posted 08 October 2007 - 12:21 PM
since that time, even with productions that attempted to re-stage petipa's choreography faithfully, the names for the individual good fairies (or fairy godmothers) have changed variously to suit the companies putting on the ballet in their individual locales.
the chart given as an attachment here is from DANCE AND DANCERS in 1967 and indicates the variety of names used during the 20th century.
the copy of the chart scanned here is from a press kit prepared for ABT's 1976 production of THE SLEEPING BEAUTY in mary skeaping's staging.
since then, there have been further productions, at ABT and elsewhere, with each tending to provide a list of fairy names that are felt to belong to the current production in question - only the lilac fairy and the fairy carabosse tend to retain their names consistently from production.
[re: this scan, as i have said, for some reason i am unable to generate .txt scans that are not huge files, so i've done this 'text' as a 'normal' .jpg scan and i hope it's readable.]
Attached Files
Posted 08 October 2007 - 12:36 PM
Posted 08 October 2007 - 01:30 PM
It is fascinating to read that "They are listed in the order of dancing their solos; all these productions play the music in the same order."
Some are easily correlated, like "carefree" and "light heartedness," but others are very different takes on the same music -- Tenderness/Chastity, Courage/Laughter -- and others are interesting extensions: joy to high spirits (to "temperament" in the Hynd), and there's a difference between bounty (getting) and generosity (giving). (Of course the former can make the latter possible.)
Posted 08 October 2007 - 02:57 PM
If Miettes qui Tombent is bountiful, like a harvest, I take it as a synonym for generous.
Posted 25 July 2008 - 03:02 AM
Candide - Fairy of Purity
Coulante - Fairy of vitality
The Breadcrumb Fairy - Fairy of Generosity
Canary - Fairy of Eloquence
Violente - Fairy of Passion
The Lilac Fairy - Fairy of wisdom
and of course, Carabosse.
These seem to be pretty much in accordance with the various names from rg's scan, but easier for the audience to understand than the original names?
Posted 25 July 2008 - 03:14 AM
Posted 25 July 2008 - 03:41 AM
As we're dealing with a connection between a name in a program and choreographic material, I suppose that the names are only important in how well they depict their attributes. I think "Eloquence" for Canari is kind of funny.
kind of a chatty fairy, i suppose...
Posted 25 July 2008 - 03:47 AM
Posted 25 July 2008 - 07:09 AM
Posted 25 July 2008 - 12:44 PM
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Come join the fun!
This is our 24th Annual Julie Rodick Dreamcatcher Classic Road Race. We are one of the few races held Thanksgiving Day on the South Shore and we're growing each year! We welcome everyone to join us in this event where families and avid runners intermingle in celebration and remembrance. Please help us make this community event a lasting tradition!
Prizes! Raffles! Trophies! T-Shirts
To benefit the
Julie Rodick Scholarship Foundation!


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I have the Firefly Media Server (mt-daap) set up on an Ubuntu 10.10 VM, and I Ubuntu 10.10 set up on my laptop. I am running Rhythmbox and using that to play the music files off the daap share. Unfortunetly, very few of the files play -- Rhythmbox just skips right over them and jumps to the next file. It has occasionally asked me to install a codec, and everytime it has asked I have authorized it to.
Almost all the files are
m4a files, both the ones that play as well as the ones that don't/ The output of
file for one that plays is:
ISO Media, MPEG v4 system, iTunes AAC-LC
file command produces the same output for files which won't play. How can I troubleshoot this further / how can I make Rhythmbox play these other files?


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I am learning some category theory to help me with my area of research. I am trying to get familiar with the notion of adjunction. In some books I see the authors proving that two functors form an adjunction with just a comment, and this is something I find a bit difficult to follow. I will give an example. Suppose that $\mathcal{E}$ is a topos with small colimits and consider the functors $$\Gamma:\mathcal{E}\to \mathbf{Set},\\ \Gamma E=\text{Hom}_{\mathcal{E}}(1,E)$$ and $$\Delta:\mathbf{Set}\to \mathcal{E},\\ \Delta S=\coprod_{s\in S} 1$$ The author says "morphisms $\Delta S\to E$ in $\mathcal{E}$ clearly correspond to functions $S\to \Gamma E$ of sets, so that this functor $\Delta$ is left adjoint to $\Gamma$". I know that this correspondence is what needs to be proved to have an adjunction, but how is it so obvious that the correspondence holds? I have found many situations like this before...It is probably something to do with my mathematical maturity in this area, but any help on how to look correctly at this would be much appreciated.
For this to be obvious, you must know that left adjoints preserve colimits. Given that, simply observe that every set $S$ can be expressed as a coproduct, viz $\coprod_{s \in S} 1$. Coproducts are colimits, so if $\Delta : \mathbf{Set} \to \mathcal{E}$ is a left adjoint, then we must have $\Delta S \cong \coprod_{s \in S} \Delta 1$; and if $\Delta$ is a left adjoint to $\Gamma$, then we must have $$\mathbf{Set} (1, \Gamma E) \cong \mathcal{E} (\Delta 1, E)$$ but $\mathbf{Set} (1, -) \cong \mathrm{id}$, so $$\mathcal{E} (1, E) \cong \mathcal{E} (\Delta 1, E)$$ and therefore $\Delta 1 \cong 1$.
My only advice is this: do not try to learn topos theory without first being comfortable with general category theory.
This isn't really special to topoi. You just have to remember the definition of a coproduct. It implies $$\hom_\mathcal{E}(\Delta S,E)=\prod_{s \in S} \hom(1,E).$$ And by the very definition of a product of sets, this identifies with $$\hom_{\mathsf{Set}}(S,\hom(1,E)).$$ Done. More generally, if $\mathcal{E}$ is any category with coproducts and $X \in \mathcal{E}$ is any object, then $\mathsf{Set} \to \mathcal{E}, ~S \mapsto \coprod_{s \in S} X$ (the copower) is left adjoint to $\hom_\mathcal{E}(X,-) : \mathcal{E} \to \mathsf{Set}$.
Such a claim usually means that verifying the details is routine and straightforward (i.e., the steps to follow are clear, and there is no need for anything clever in order to establish the result). With time, you'll learn to agree with such statements and in some case quickly do the proof mentally. For now, if you really wish to understand what is going on, actually carry out the proof.


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Meeting Notes 2013 01 22
From Noisebridge
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(→Short announcements and events: aargh I did not have access to the wiki so this is horribly formatted)
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= Short announcements and events =
= Short announcements and events =
of and
= [[ Membership Binder ]] =
= [[ Membership Binder ]] =
Revision as of 23:14, 22 January 2013
You should read the meeting instructions forthwith!
These are the notes from the The 250th Meeting of Noisebridge. Note-taker: FIXME YOUR NAME HERE; Moderator: FIXME THEIR NAME HERE.
- One or two bullet points of high-level meeting summary.
Short announcements and events
- Justin: donating a large 3d printer! Needs some plastic bits. Would like to do a class to help make these and educate the public.
- Rayc: Someone decided to graffiti a lot on the walls. Apparently, we have a 5-gallon bucket of paint, and are considering painting the entire hallway with it.
* There was a notice posted on our door about graffiti that we're liable for – but it's actually for the awning of Mi Ranchito.
- Leif: Interested in building a Kickstarter-style service (SudoRoom is doing a similar thing in RoR, called Selfstarter)
* Leif wants to do a slight variation; thinks it'd be an interesting NB project.
Membership Binder
- The name of the applicant, the week of their application, and their sponsors.
Financial Report
- Funds in bank:
- Noisetor balance:
Consensus items
Proposals from last week
(Add any items which pass or are blocked to the Consensus Items History page.)
Proposals for next week
(Add any new items for consensus to the Current Consensus Items page.)
Discussion Notes
- List of names and short summary. For bonus points, link wiki user pages.


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Today, Oprah Winfrey will be the special guest at a fundraiser for Senate hopeful and current Newark mayor Cory Booker. The fundraiser will take place in Jersey City with a general admission price tag of $1,000 and VIP tickets costing $2,600.
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Your appointment specialized in private labels meet the entire industry (wholesalers, supermarkets, catering, restaurants and hotels, specialty shops, etc ...) French and international.
The saloon Foods & Goods will be the · · 3 to 4 April 2012 at the Porte de Versailles.
Ideal Hotel design is a 3 star hotel, newly renovated, 5 minutes from the trade shows at Porte de Versailles, Paris, 75014.
Our 3 star hotel, recently renovated, offers 68 cozy and modern,decorated with taste and VBAC bathroom with a bath or shower.
Nice hotel, near the Porte de Versailles.
The location of the Ideal Hotel design is exceptional: 1 meter from metro and tram, near restaurants, supermarkets, shop,exhibition of the Porte de Versailles and the Parc Montsourisabove.
Book your hotel at last, close to the rooms of the Porte de Versailles. Accommodation, cheap, design, discount prices, near the Porte de Versailles or the occur · Fairs · "Contact and book your ideal hotel room faster, to take advantage of prices"Special Exhibition, promotional prices for · · Fairs Toutle. · (hotel near the Porte de Versailles). for reservations at the Idealhotel design, regarding the reservation of a room hotel duringthe period of · Fairs ", do not hesitate to book your hotel pricedsicount, near the Porte de Versailles.
I'll tell you a story, my story: "Once upon a time a small hotelarea called IDEAL. It was his work · in his corner as quietly as possible. Secretly he dreamed of becoming · majestic assome of his friends hotels. Humbly he tried, the · best he could,to make a difference and get into gamme.Mais one day it came his turn to shine, he was crowned · a 3rd star and was called IDEAL HOTEL design. "
1. Massage by appointment: A concept of "In room spa" for a feeling of relaxation and well-être.chambre "scripted room(champagne, scented candle, rose petals and bubble bath).
2. Offer a "Love Chamber" room scripted: Champagne,scented candle, rose petals and bubble bath.
3. Trilingual reception staff 24/24
Free internet (Wifi or RJ45) Open 24h/24Room-ServiceBagagerie gratuiteConciergerieMini BarPressefree-delivered to your room