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Trying to avoid birth by surgery
Doctors say C-sections not always the best option
|Dr. Mark Albini of Saint Mary's Hospital in Waterbury demonstrats the hospital's robot they use to perform robotic surgery. Republican-American archive
A confluence of factors, ranging from an increasingly obese population to medical liability issues, lifted the rate of births by Cesarean section to all-time highs. Now, doctors and hospitals are increasingly decrying this shift toward birth by surgery as not necessarily always in line with the best medical practice. As a result, in parts of the health care community, a movement is afoot to stem this rising tide of C-sections.
In 2010, the most recent year for which figures are available, C-sections accounted for almost one out of every three of the 4 million deliveries nationwide. That was up from 28 percent four years earlier. After declining through the 1980s and into the mid-1990s, C-sections became the way more and more babies entered the world. In Connecticut, the C-section rate rose 75 percent from 1996 to 2007, the second-biggest increase nationwide during that period, behind Rhode Island.
Efforts to reverse this trend range from dramatic departures from the status quo in shepherding babies into the world, to more subtle day-in, day-out counseling of patients. Sometimes C-sections are unavoidable. But in cases in which they can be avoided, many doctors are increasingly doing what they can to circumvent the surgical way of delivering babies.
"The pendulum has swung back again," said Dr. S. Mark Albini, chairman of obstetrics and gynecology at Saint Mary's Hospital in Waterbury. "When I was first in training, it was, 'Once a cesarean, always a cesarean.' Then it was VBACs (vaginal birth after C-sections), and now we're trying to reduce C-sections (in general)."
Even the federal government has made moving away from surgical births a priority, listing it among goals in its Healthy People 2020 campaign, which aims to improve health nationally. By 2020, the government wants to reduce the rate of first-time C-sections in low-risk situations to 24 percent. Second C-sections are more complicated.
It's not that C-sections are unsafe, experts say. Most occur without problems. But they are still surgery and, as such, present a different set of risks and complications than a vaginal birth, say doctors.
A new report in the November journal Obstetrics and Gynecology suggests severe complications following births are on the uptick, with markedly increased rates of everything from blood transfusions to renal failure in 2008-09, compared with 10 years earlier. Severe complications during delivery were up 75 percent over a decade earlier, and up 114 percent during postpartum recovery. As the study's authors, which included the head of the maternal health bureau at the Centers for Disease Control warned: "Severe maternal morbidity currently affects approximately 52,000 women during their delivery hospitalizations and, based on current trends, this burden is expected to increase." The study noted several factors coinciding with the rise in severe complications, including increases in the C-section rate as well as rises in obesity, multiple births and older mothers.
The study's authors advocated the medical community deduce what's driving these increases and mitigate them. Already, part of the ongoing focus in reducing severe complications mothers face after childbirth has been this renewed move away from C-sections.
In his practice, Albini addresses the issue directly with patients. Generally, he thinks efforts to reduce C-sections are a good thing.
"It starts with counseling throughout the pregnancy that a vaginal birth is the way nature intended ... I make an assumption that my patients are intelligent, and I tell them about the pros and cons of vaginal births and Caesareans," he said, explaining he also stresses the need to be healthy and exercise. "Good prenatal care can help reduce C-sections."
Many steps — including a push for obstetrician/gynecologists to monitor weight gain during pregnancy — seem like common-sense measures, said Albini, though cautioning that "logic doesn't drive (patients) all the time."
Albini traced the rise in C-section rates to both the growing obesity epidemic and the emergence of scheduled C-sections in the 1990s. That's when many women started expressing a desire to control the when and where of giving birth, giving them a measure of empowerment, he said.
Saint Mary's Hospital in Waterbury no longer allows elective inductions before 39 weeks. A normal pregnancy is 40 weeks.
Some hospitals have taken comparatively drastic steps to forestall C-sections. Massachusetts General Hospital now offers women whose water has broken but whose contractions have not started the option of returning home to wait for labor to ramp up, according to a recent The Boston Globe report. Rather than be admitted and face the possible need for drugs to induce labor, or other interventions that could lead to C-sections, the aim is to encourage labor naturally. The Globe also reported on hospitals in Utah that adopted a ban on elective inductions a decade ago.
That system's chief quality officer said the move not only reduced the C-section rate by almost 25 percent and precipitated a better quality of care, it saved tens of millions of dollars in medical costs.
Waterbury's Dr. Marcia Tejada said undoubtedly the obesity increase and bigger babies play into the rising C-section rates. At Waterbury Hospital, where she delivers babies, Tejada said increases in the Hispanic population and a greater rate of gestational diabetes within that group of women — as well as increases in broader society — may be contributing to more C-sections.
"There are a lot of factors that have led to the increase in our community, and across the nation," she said.
At Waterbury Hospital, she said, there are no bans on inductions or elective Caesareans. It's left to the discretion of the physician and patient.
"It is safe and commonly performed. A lot of women say, 'I liked my Cesarean,'" said Tejada.
Like Albini, Tejada tries to encourage mothers to "avoid having a major surgery" and opt for a child of labor, especially if it's her first baby. She noted that while relatively uncommon, if complications from C-sections occur they can be major or catastrophic.
"I let them know we have epidural anesthesia (for labor and vaginal deliveries). But if she's really adamant, who am I to stop her?" Tejada said.
Both Tejada and Albini noted when C-sections become especially concerning is when women plan on more than two children. Multiple C-sections increase the risks of placenta previa and accreta, abnormalities in the way the placenta attaches to the uterine wall. These conditions can lead to problems that include severe hemorrhage or even the need for hysterectomy.
Of the roughly 1,200 deliveries at Waterbury Hospital, Tejada said about 800 are vaginal deliveries and 400 cesarean. She estimated half were unplanned and half scheduled. Most C-sections for first babies were the result of failed labor, she said.
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- Churches seek to reclaim the unaffiliated
- Protestants on wane?
- High school sweethearts reconnect for good
- Obedience class for dog teaches some new tricks
- Does 2013's style trend spell end of trendy?
- Miss Greater Waterbury pageant will be held Saturday
- Trying to avoid birth by surgery
- Seeing the beauty in your work
- Teach humor writing? Is this a joke?
- Home-based resolutions for better living


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In a battle of former local standouts, head coaches Trent Barratt and Kyle Fields saw their boys basketball teams square off on Tuesday, with Barratt's McDonald County Mustangs getting the better of Fields' East Newton Patriots, 40-35, in a varsity hoops tilt.
Make no mistake, this friendly rivalry was one both teams, and coaches, wanted badly, and it was close the entire way. The Mustangs clung to a 24-23 advantage at halftime, but they gave themselves a little breathing room in the third quarter when they outscored the Patriots 12-5.
The victory was the second of the season for the Mustangs, who now sit at 2-4 overall. Tyrel Lett pumped in 14 points in the victory while Drey Fickle added 10, Tyler Sherwood nine, Pablo Alvarez four and Josh Serr three.
Sam Swartz led the way for the Patriots with 11 points while Bryce Zimmerman tossed in seven, Deion Clark and Colby Thomas five, Aaron Millet four and Rocky Liveoak three.
The Mustangs entertain Kansas City Ruskin at 7:30 p.m. next Wednesday at the Neosho Holiday Classic.
Location, ST | website.com

subset: commoncrawl


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Elisabete Weiderpass, Hans-Olov Adami, John A. Baron, et al.
Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania
Ultima Vez Modificado: 1 de noviembre del 2001
Reviewers: Li Liu, MD
Source: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 91, No 13 (July):1131-1137, 1999
It has been established that estrogen replacement therapy is effective in preventing osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. Estrogen also raises High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL, good cholesterol), lowers Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL, bad cholesterol), and therefore reduces the risk of coronary artery disease. However, estrogen replacement is not without cost. The great concern to both physicians and patients is endometrial carcinoma. A number of studies have demonstrated that postmenopausal estrogen therapy is associated with an increase in the incidence of endometrial carcinoma. The addition of progestins is thought to eliminate excess risk of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. This report is of a large population-based study in Sweden to assess the impact of different hormone replacement regimens on the risk of endometrial cancer.
Information was collected on use of hormone replacement from 709 postmenopausal patients with incident endometrial cancer and from 3368 control subjects. Age ranged from 50 to 74 years. Comparison was made with women who never used the respective hormone replacement regimens. Treatment episodes were classified into 4 categories:
Hormone replacement therapy has become more prevalent throughout the world, especially in the developed countries. Finding the safest way to administer such therapy is of great interest to both physicians and patients. This study demonstrated that the continuous addition of a progestin appears to be the safest regimen for postmanopausal women with a uterus. More studies are needed to further define the duration of adding progestins.


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Chippewa Men's 8" Steel Toe Bay Apache Insulated Waterproof Sportility Logger Style: 26341 Features:
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A vast luxury property in London's Admiralty Arch, overlooking Buckingham Palace, could sell for up to $197 million, say media reports. » Read More
Warren Buffett gained more wealth than any other U.S. billionaire, adding $37 million a day, according to one study.
The rich are getting richer at a fast clip, led by the Oracle of Omaha, Warren Buffett, who earned $37 million a day this year, Wealth-X said.
The wealthy are handing out so much money to needy family members that they've earned a new nickname: "the family bank."
The world's millionaires and billionaires are seeking at-home teachers to help their children in the education race. For the tutors, it's a lucrative business.
If the Fed dials back next year, interest rates could drift higher. The wealthy, who hold most of the stocks, would bear the brunt of the hit.
Want to get rich? Invest in things that rich people buy—including $3,000 ski jackets. Moncler, the Milan-based maker of stylish puffy jackets is about to go public.
You could write off the mystery tipper as a novelty in the charity world, but the mega-tipper may, in fact, be part of a trend toward direct giving.
Marking his exit from his business empire, Norway's richest man, Olav Thon, gifted a charity a 71.9% stake of his company, valued at $1.3 billion.
U.S. auction sales of collectible cars are set to reach an all-time high in 2013. Plus, why a car sold for $100 million is within reach.
This little-known group may pose the biggest barrier to reducing the nation's income inequality.
Microsoft-co founder, Paul Allen, has won the title of the world's wealthiest bachelor, with an estimated personal fortune of $15.3 billion.
Bob Dylan's historical Fender Stratocaster guitar sold for nearly $1 million at Christie's: the highest price ever paid for a guitar at auction.
Edward Hopper's famous portrait of economic hardship has just become the new symbol of unbridled wealth.
Chanel has acquired its long-time lamb hide provider in the latest purchase by a luxury brand of a partner that supplies top quality materials.
Norman Rockwell's "Saying Grace" sold on Wednesday for more than $46 million, double its high pre-sale estimate.
There is no question that inequality is disturbingly high. But the discussion around it is flawed by a disregard for actual data.
The idea of giving to those in need seems to have become buried under a pile of boxes and wrapping paper. It's social media to the rescue.
Even if you have $1.4 million to buy a LaFerrari, you probably can't get it. The supercar's sold out.
Late kung fu star Bruce Lee's iconic yellow jumpsuit will go under the hammer at an auction in Hong Kong on Thursday.
The "Freedom Ship International," a mile-long, 25-story tall floating city, is out looking for funding.
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Hi all, How do you find work for game audio? Any tips appreciated!
Contract work or In-house work?
For contract work:
The game industry is smaller than the film industry, in terms of people. And the indie side of the game industry is WAY smaller than the indie side of the film industry. So the "it's not what you know, it's who you know" mantra applies even more. The only way to get enough contract work to run a business on is to get to know people. Go to GDC, Indiecade, IGDA meetings, Game Jams, anywhere where industry hangs out. It takes a long time. I started focusing hardcore on the game scene almost two years ago, and I'm only now at the point where I'm known/trusted enough to get routinely hired on interesting projects.
There's a great article that's just been put up on Designing Sound by Rodney Gates. Here's the link:
Actually, the game industry is way larger than the film industry. It brings in a helluva lot more revenue as well.
The best way to find work is to submit your portfolio to other sound designers and network with them!
First of all Chris! Where are you from? For example I am from Greece and because here there is little to none work on this subject I started my own team to make games!
Definitely networking, don't be afraid to contact audio directors and try and get some work on indie titles. Learning about middleware such as Wise and FMOD is useful, if nothing else it shows willingness to learn. Enthusiasm, good communication and a varied portfolio are all important.
Apart from all the tips mentioned above, let's not forget a very obvious one: be a gamer! You need to know your industry. So one aspect of that is knowing what's out there in terms of the games. Play as many as you can, old/new/interesting/boring/etcetcetc - although trying to finish them all is probably not the best idea in terms of time management...
Networking with sound designers is a necessary step. It gives you an opportunity to learn much more about the industry, it gives you some free experience, and you make good friends.
Don't only speak with the sound people. Go out and meet the game designers themselves. My current work was the result of attending the "Boston Unity Group" meetings. I wasn't expecting to find other sound designers there. The hope was to meet developers who hadn't yet tackled the sound side of their projects. That way, I was going straight to the source, and it worked. Find meetings of developers and programmers in your area and start attending. Let the word spread through the group that you are a sound designer, and I am sure that soon enough someone will approach you about helping them with their sound.
Another thing that helps on the Indie side is knowing how to program. The game designers that I have met say they appreciate it when a sound designer can do more than hand them a .wav file.
I wrote a blog post on that exact topic. It's an in depth look at breaking in based on my experiences and many others that gave me tips along the way. Here is a link. Please comment on the blog if you found it helpful. It's nice to hear that the posts are making a difference :)


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Can someone give me the run down on how the LDS church sees the relationship of the Book of Mormon to the Bible? Does it accept it in full and just continue the story? How does it make the transition?
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migrated from literature.stackexchange.com May 2 '12 at 13:37
Wikipedia helps here:
Mormons believe that the Bible is sacred, but not infallible. The Book of Mormon transcends the Bible in relevance, correctness, and completeness. Some of the stories/principles in the Bible are based on truth, but the Bible is not to be accepted in full.
Essentially, the Book of Mormon starts at about the time that Isreal was being scattered. It follows a prophet not mentioned in the Bible named Lehi, and his family, as they leave Isreal, and eventually travel to somewhere in the Americas. They have a copy of the teachings of the prophets with them that, as stated in 1 Nephi 5:11-14
They follow the Jewish traditions at first, with some slight differences. There are many cross referenced scriptures, including much from Isiah. The quoted scriptures do not match word for word. Towards the end of the book, Jesus Chris visits the people in resurrected form, after he died and was resurrected. He teaches many of the same/ similar things that he taught before he was crucified.
Essentially, members of the LDS church believe that the Book of Mormon continues the teachings of the bible, but from a different point of view. They believe that the Book of Mormon was recorded on metal plates, such that it could not be destroyed or changed as easily as the paper of the bible could be changed. As there have been fewer translations and people handling the words, members of the LDS church believe it to be more accurate in it's teachings than the Bible, but that they both have the same purpose, to help a man do what God and Jesus Christ want us to do.
As a member of the LDS faith, I am a bit uncomfortable with parts of Daniel's answer. We do have a statement which says,
Further, the Book of Mormon itself states that its purpose is to "establish the truth" of the Bible (see Book of Mormon 1st Nephi 13:38-40) in an era when many disbelieve and/or discredit the Bible.
As a life long member of the church I can say that I have always been taught that the Bible is the foundational book of scripture in our canon, and that the Book of Mormon is a second witness of the divinity of Christ and His gospel.
While we don't believe the bible to be infallible, nor do we believe the Book of Mormon to be infallible. Anything written by mortals, even when under inspiration, will be flawed, imperfect and/or incomplete.
We do believe that God has spoken to us through prophets and that He continues to do so, that the teachings of His prophets and of the Savior can be found in both the Bible and the Book of Mormon, and that we can learn the truthfulness of these inspired works through the witness of the Holy Spirit.
When I was a missionary, we would ask investigators, "if I have a point, how many lines can I draw through it?".
An infinite number, we would explain, and we would show how you could point the Bible in many different directions and liken that to the many, many different denominations and interpretations of doctrine that have come from different people studying the Bible.
Further, we would ask, "if I have two points, how many lines can I draw between them." Then, we would show how you could draw only one line between two points, holding up the Book of Mormon and the Bible in line with each other. We would explain to people that the Book of Mormon is a clarifying witness that, as HTG said, "establishes the truth" of the Bible by making very clear doctrines about the Fall, the Atonement, and the Resurrection that are also taught in the Bible, but that different Churches interpret differently:
Examples are too numerous to share, but here are a few:
Again, that's a limited list, but it goes to show the clarity and preciseness of the Book of Mormon.


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TOPEKA, Kan. (WIBW) - A soldier wounded in Afghanistan nearly a year ago passed away from his injuries Wednesday.
Family announced the death of Sgt. Jamie Jarboe on the "Prayers for Sgt. Jamie Jarboe" page they'd set up on Facebook to chronicle his progress following his injury.
In a posting Wednesday afternoon, they wrote, "Rest in peace soldier, you are loved and lifted in prayer by an entire nation and world supporting you!"
Wednesday night, they added, "Jamie fought a battle that no one can imagine, and we could not have asked for more from this Young HERO. After fighting so hard he finally lost his battle - Rest easy young man, thank you so much for what you have done."
Jarboe was shot by a sniper in Afghanistan last April, leaving him paralyzed from the chest down. His story inspired thousands of people as his wife, Melissa, shared his recovery efforts on Facbook.
February 17th, the Patriot Guard, ABATE and American Legion Riders gave Jarboe a hero's welcome as his wife and two daughters brought him home to Topeka to continue his recovery efforts.
Jarboe was a native of Indiana. He was stationed at Fort Riley.
In a message Wednesday night, Melissa Jarboe said, "We are welcoming the public with open arms to share in the honor of my husband."
A funeral service will be held 10 am Saturday, March 31st at Topeka's Capitol Plaza. Visitation is the night before at Penwell-Gabel's Southwest Chapel, SW 37th and Wanamaker. An exact time is being determined.
The Sgt. Jamie Jarboe Memorial Fund is set up at Quest Credit Union, 610 SW 10th St. in Topeka.
A service also is being planned in Jarboe's home state of Indiana.


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expert advice MORE
Forgetting to Hand in Homework?
Q: My sixth-grade son seems to leave his assignments in his locker. Finally, when he does complete it at home, the completed work again stays in his locker. He is an A/B student earning a D as a result of missing work.
A: Students in the middle grades often have one of two reasons for not handing in assignments: lack of organization, or a fear that success will lead to "not fitting in."
A calm, generalized chat with him about coming up with a solution may help you find the cause. Beginning middle-schoolers tend to have this problem as a group, especially if they have to change classrooms. Let's tackle the first possibility. Make sure your son has a folder (notebook) that has sections for each subject and at least one pocket folder in which to place assignments. For a couple of weeks, check that notebook with him each evening before bedtime to see if assignments are in the notebook. Encourage him to take the notebook to every class. Talk with the teacher(s) with him present and find out what they suggest.
Be patient and consistent and give him the responsibility of making the grade.
More on: Expert Advice
Connie Collins, professional school counselor, worked for 35 years in public education as a teacher and counselor at the middle school and secondary levels. Collins worked daily with the parents of the students in her various schools, and has facilitated several parenting groups.


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The Peacefrog Classic Tee's have landed...
After a month or so on pre-sale the Peacefrog t-shirts have arrived in the office. We will be shipping all the orders received tomorrow, so if you have one or more on order you may get them before the weekend.
We have a limited number of colours and sizes left which we will be taking with us to the Independent Label Market.


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In the book of Ruth it never openly states that she converts and in fact she is referred to as Ruth the Moabite throughout the text. At what point, chronologically, did she in fact convert?
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With regard to when she converted, both Ibn Ezra and Ralbag seem to believe that she converted before she married Machlon, being that we don't find any mention of her conversion afterwards and Boaz certainly would not have married her otherwise.
Akeidas Yitzchak condemns this approach, though, since Naami explicitly tells her to return to her people, and why would Naami try to convince her to retract her conversion? (Although Ralbag does mention that this was because Naami wanted to see if her conversion was legitimately sincere.) Akeidas Yitzchak therefore believes that Ruth converted on the way with Naami.
Alshich also follows this approach, pointing to the fact that the Talmud Bavli (Yevamos 47) learns from the dialogue between Naami and Ruth with regards to the laws of conversion.
As for why the text continues to refer to her as "המואביה", first of all, as @Alex has noted in the comments to the other answers, it is not uncommon to find someone referred to by the country of origin even if they are no longer associated with it. Second, it is important to keep in mind the purpose of Megillas Ruth in the first place. Abarbanel writes that Shmuel Hanavi wrote Ruth after he anointed David to highlight David's ancestry and to show that he came from noble stock. The Chida writes that Shmuel wrote Megillas Ruth to counter the claims that arose later against David's kingship saying that he was unfit being that he descended from a Moabite which the Torah prohibits entering our nation. The famous response to this was "מואבי ולא מואביה" (only male Moabites are prohibited to marry). Shmuel wished to show how even though Ruth was a Moabite, she was a righteous woman and earned the respect and marriage of the great shofet Boaz. (Chida refers to this as Shmuel's "p'sak" that David was legitimate.)
With that in mind, it is quite possible to say that the reason the text continues to stress her Moabite origins is precisely to counter that claim that was common at the time of its authorship. In other words: even though she was a Moabite, look how great she was and how Boaz accepted her etc. However, Alshich writes the opposite. When he sees the text refer to Ruth as "מואביה", he explains that even though she had already converted, she still retained some of the nature of her original upbringing in the way she conducted herself. He explains at length what it was that she did that was "Moabite in nature".
There are indeed a lot of opinions on when Ruth underwent conversion. Rashi (to Ruth 1:12) states that she (and Orpah) were still gentiles when they were on the road back to Eretz Yisrael (indeed, we derive from their conversation the halachah that we are to attempt to dissuade a prospective convert (Yevamos 47b)). On the other hand, Zohar Chadash strongly takes issue with the idea that Machlon could have married a non-Jew; it explains that basically he coerced her into converting (and then, only after her husband's death, did she accept Judaism voluntarily).
I once suggested (Kovetz Haoros Ubeurim Oholei Torah, no. 982, page 76), based on some other Midrashic statements, that at the time of her marriage Ruth was halachically not yet an adult, because she was an ailonis (a woman who never undergoes the normal bodily changes of puberty) but didn't exhibit the symptoms thereof (listed in Rambam, Hil. Ishus 2:6); in that case she reaches halachic maturity only at age 35 (ibid. 2:4). So Machlon had her converted as a child (as per the halachah - Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh De'ah 268:7), but once she reached halachic adulthood she had the opportunity to renounce her conversion (ibid.) - and that's why Naomi had to point out to her the full ramifications of her decision, so that her acceptance of the mitzvos would be a conscious one.
(And once this was accomplished, then it retroactively validated her conversion as a child - just as is true today when a child is converted and then continues to keep mitzvos after bar/bas mitzvah; thus, no further conversion ceremony was needed when they arrived in Eretz Yisrael, and indeed none is recorded.)
I believe that it is the Malbim who says that when Ruth Says Ameikh Ami Elokayikh Elokai (your nation is my nation your God is my God) it means that Ruth has taken on keeping the mitzvoth and at this point begins living as a Jew.
It is clear (at least from the p'shat of the text)that she didn't go through any formal conversion process that we would recognize today. This book is often used by people who want to undermine modern halakhic standards of giyur.
In this shiur Rabbi Daniel Glatstein makes the point, based on the Tzafnas Paneach, that it is possible that Rus and Orpah converted before they married but that their conversion was in doubt. He points to Rambam issurei biah 13:14-15 which states that if there is reason to suspect that the conversion was for reasons beside belief (money, power, love etc.) then the conversion has to be investigated. He goes on to say that Naomi probed the motives behind the conversion of her daughter in laws during her trek home as did Boaz during his initial meeting with Rus. Once Rus came to Boaz at night this clinched his belief that her conversion was for the right reasons and he immediately proceeds to "redeem" her.


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Ubuntu automounts USB -fs to
/media/usb/something. How is this in OSX? I cannot find anything in /media below.
All volumes (CDs, USB, harddrives, etc) are mounted into /Volumes.
After inserting a USB stick called USB I see the following:
In addition there you can see that my main drive is System. OS X creates a link to / for it automatically.
Also, Smiley Backup is another disk, and Time Machine Backups is a TimeMachine volume, and Family Backup is a remote shared drive I've mounted from another system.
As already mentioned, you can view almost all mounted devices in
Alternatively, you can use
If you want more details on a specific mounted device you might try:


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I was wondering how I would divorce my spouse before I get married. and could I get married again afterwards?
I think most of the other answers (or comments) here say pretty much the same thing I've read and heard here and in other places:
In Skyrim, marriage is forever.
That means there is no divorce, and death does not end a marriage either. You can never leave your spouse for another, or re-marry after being widowed.
That said, I believe the question here is a bit mis-phrased. By specifying "before I get married", I think the asker is actually looking for how to call off the wedding.
This can effectively be done by simply not showing up at the temple, at the appointed time. Then, go back to your betrothed and tell them you're no longer interested. After this point, you should be able to choose another partner.
Alternately, you can call off the marriage during the ceremony itself as well.
However, the previous statement still stands - once you've said your "I do"s, it's a done deal forever. (Or, until you reload to a previous save.)
If you're playing on PC, you can use the Console to reset the quest and remarry. Source
It is possible to "divorce" your spouse, although the more accurate term might be "dispose" of them.
If you decide that you no longer would like to be with your current spouse, in your own home that you two share, sneak and become hidden, then silently kill your spouse. Store them in the basement, or somewhere so that no one will find her.
After this is done, go to the priest and receive another amulet. From there, you should be able to pursue another NPC.
Some players are talking about a bug that may occur, but I guess it just depends on how much you want it. Just to keep it on the safe side, save a file before you go about your job.
The only way is for them to die. For some spouses you will need to complete certain quest lines before they become mortal.
Only if you lead him/her out of town to somewhere secluded, kill them, and break the bond. But I have heard there will be a bug if you do that.
The Skyrim wiki says if you kill your spouse a bug maaaay occur and even if you are wearing the Amulet of Mara, there is still a chance you may not be able to remarry. I'm about to attempt it myself.
As far as I have seen, there is no option for even asking anyone about divorce... Including in the Temple of Mara. However, if you have a spouse who leaves the domicile, if you can manage to kill them stealthily, then it is not marked against you by the people. (unsolved murder) As well, if you acquire a NEW Amulet of Mara, you may be able to find you spark interests in other towns where you were not known to be wed. This is the only thing I have found to be a viable option.
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As I understand it there is an obligation (See Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deah 240:22) to honor an older brother similar to that of honoring one's father. Since the obligation to honor one's father can have strong implications, in what way (if any) is the obligation to honor one's brother different?
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The Gemarah (Kesubos, 103a) brings a statement that the extra vav in the word "v'es" in "Kabeid es Avicha v'es Imecha" is there to include your older brother for the mitzvah of Kibbud Av. Whether it means the eldest brother or any older brother is a discussion amongst Rishonim.
The simple implication of such a statement is that whatever would apply regarding honoring one's father would apply to honoring one's older brother. The difference being if it is a choice between honoring one's father or brother, his father's honor is primary.
But if one looks in the poskim one will see that some hold this obligation is not the same level as the obligation to honor one's parents.
There are also poskim who state clearly that it does not apply to an older sister.


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29 Jan 2013 4:45 PM #81
The point was nt about Hejlsberg promoting TypeScript but more about his points on JavaScript.
When you look at companies writing web apps at a really big scale(Google, Microsoft, Facebook) you will see they have something on top of JavaScript. Dont you think there is a reason why they do so ?
Now dont get me wrong Ext JS is great and i love what Sencha has been doing with it. Still Ext JS dont fix the JavaScript problem
1) Now well you still can work with the console inside an IDE.
2) There are things JsLint cant find. Simply because of the nature of JavaScript (or any dynamic typed language).
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
if(request.readystate == 4){
console.log("Hello, World");
That s legal is JavaScript but doest not what i want. And i can only find it out at runtime. Which is pretty bad.
3) Then you know this is nightmare. You definitely miss a lot of things that a statical type language will you.Try to refactor a simple method accross classes in JavaScript.
4) For you maybe. For me not. Having to build teams it s a pain to find people fluent in JavaScript.
Programming languages are tools. One should use what makes more sense for her.
But we definitely need something better then the current state of JS
29 Jan 2013 7:35 PM #82
And my point was that Hejlsberg's thoughts on JavaScript are no more valid than any other developer's. Most people on this forum develop software professionally and have an equally valid opinion.
Like any language, there are negative aspects of JavaScript. Fortunately, Ext JS has stepped in and filled many of those voids. I can start pointing at things like C and how easy it is to fail to terminate a string and allow buffer overflows. Pointing out arbitrary issues is meaningless. I spend very little time, if any, hunting down minor issues like the one you pointed out (or type errors for that matter). There is no perfect language, nor is there one that fits all cases. I have written and maintained large-scale applications with Ext JS and I am quite pleased with its current state. Could JavaScript be improved upon? Of course, just like any language.
30 Jan 2013 12:14 AM #83
" Most people on this forum develop software professionally and have an equally valid opinion."
I agree wih that. But when the top web companies in the wordld dont write their big apps directly in JS then maybe one should thing there is something fundamently wrong with the language somewhere.
"Pointing out arbitrary issues is meaningless."
This is not an arbitrary issue. But it s core to the JavaScript language.
In JavaScript you can basically do anything at anytime. And the language wont let u catch that before runtime. Which is absolutely bad. Failing to terminate a string in C is an error and there are tools that will help you detect that. My previous example is not an error in JavaScript but is fundamentaly wrong and no library even ExtJS can help you fix that.
I m not going against ExtJS. I love the library and i like what Sencha is doing. But the problem is in the language itself and that Sencha cant fix. So if there is a chance to add the ability to catch more errors before actually running the code i think Sencha should consider it as a high priority instead of saying "Simply write right JavaScript".
30 Jan 2013 12:48 AM #84
ExtJS adds these things to plain JavaScript: DOM abstraction and lifecycle management, namespacing, encapsulation, UI controls. TypeScript adds strict typing, namespacing and encapsulation. In short, TypeScript is only part of the solution, and the only thing it adds that ExtJS doesn't have is strict typing.
Static compilation is a red herring when it comes to code quality. You can do static validation of javascript code, you just can't verify that the types you're calling are accurate. You can however check for things like accidentally creating global variables, calling non-existent methods, mistyping a variable name, and so on. I rely heavily on PHPStorm's static validation for JavaScript (and PHP), and you can easily integrate tools like jshint or jslint with whatever build infrastructure you have to prevent stupid bugs from shipping (or get really fancy and use something like Sonar).
The thing that strict typing + static compilation gets you is that when you call an API you have a build-time guarantee that you're passing it the right type of data and getting the right type of data back. That is a useful thing to have, especially at large scale, but I've found that the only place I really need this is in my web services boundary between the client and server, not inside the ExtJS codebase itself. I've also found that it's not enough, because I don't want to just say "this is a number", but "this is a number between 1 and 5". Java doesn't let you do that, TypeScript does not let you do that. There are languages that do, but they're not popular. So in the end you're still checking your data at run-time to see it is correct, and that means all that static typing in the end doesn't buy you as much as it should.
30 Jan 2013 1:48 AM #85
"Static validation of a Dynamic language".
I think a lot people have written PhDs on that. Bottom line you cant static analyse a Dynamic language in an accurate. You can only guess. Why ? Well because the language is dynamic.
Also static analysis goes beyond type checking. In Java(Or any other static typed language) if i give you an interface. Your code wont compile until you meet the contract of that interface.
You can't do that in JavaScript.
Static analysis give you better tooling support. There is no way you can refactor a method in JS and have it updated everywhere it gets called. A JavaScript IDE can only guess.
This is an interesting read on the topic by Bruce Jonhson
But again one should use the tools that makes more sense.
We switched to GWT (and have been generating ExTJS code from Java and never) looked back.
30 Jan 2013 6:13 AM #86
I'm confused about what everyone is actually arguing about. Is anyone here actually saying that static typing and the other enhancements TypeScript includes is a bad thing? If not, then the point of the thread is still that having Sencha create an official ExtJS definition file for TypeScript would be very useful.
30 Jan 2013 6:32 AM #87
30 Jan 2013 6:42 AM #88
I wrote in the beginning of this thread why I think TypeScript is a poor choice (which I am not going to get into again). I think now this discussion has evolved to whether JS is productive/maintanable/even worthy to be called a language or not.
Static typing is a good thing, but it is far from essential.
30 Jan 2013 7:24 AM #89
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Type checking is just like assertion checking but automated.
Just like unit test assertions they squeeze the code's assumptions until bugs pop out.
So type checking is gold. It's like getting tons of unit tests for free.
Until recently I worked on a 3,000,000 line app written mostly in C# + some C++ and smaller amounts of about 9 other languages. We found that by replacing most interfaces that used dynamic typing with type safe wrappers our bug rate dropped significantly . e.g We generated type safe wrappers for all stored proc calls.
So here's an interesting 'experiment' you might like to try out on your large ExtJS app ...
1. Build or get a typescript type definition for your version of ExtJS
2. Recompile your large app using typescript
3. See how many *new* bugs pop out.
My theory is that your team would soon become typescript converts .
30 Jan 2013 9:18 AM #90
Incidentally, a few ExtJS properties can be either a string or some kind of key/value dictionary (as an object). Is there a nice way to represent this in TypeScript?
Just falling back on 'any' isn't very good.
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Suppose you take a metal disc and cut a small, circular hole in the center. When you heat the whole thing, will the hole's diameter increase or decrease? and why?
Instead of a circular hole, let's think of a square hole. You can get a square hole two ways, you can cut it out of a complete sheet, or you can get one by cutting a sheet into 9 little squares and throwing away the center one. Since the 8 outer squares all get bigger when heat it, the inner square (the hole) also has to get bigger:
Same thing happens with a round hole.
This is confusing to people because the primary experience they have with stuff getting larger when heated is by cooking. If you leave a hole in the middle of a cookie and cook it, yes, the cookie gets bigger and the hole gets smaller. But the reason for this is that the cookie isn't so solid. It's more like a liquid, it's deforming. And as Ilmari Karonen points out, the cookie sheet isn't expanding much so there are frictional forces at work.
David Zaslavski's answer is correct and complete. But I want to propose a different way to look at the problem.
Think of the disc that was cut out, and imagine that you heat it too, exactly as you heat the plate. After heating, the disc will fit in exactly to the hole, just as if it was first heated and then cut out. Therefore, the hole will expand.
Good question! Assuming the disc is uniform and isotropic (the same in different directions), the hole will expand in the same ratio as the metal. You can see this because the thermal expansion equation
$$\mathrm{d} L = L\alpha\mathrm{d}T$$
applies to all lengths associated with the metal, including the circumference of the hole, since the edge of the hole is made out of metal. And if the circumference of the hole expands, so does the diameter.
If you have a disc with different regions that are made of different types of metal, or if the metal that makes up your disc has an anisotropic crystal structure (so that it expands by different factors in different directions), then the analysis is more complicated. But in both cases, I think the hole would still get larger since the overall change in size is still an expansion.
In order to get the hole to shrink, you would need to use a material with a negative thermal expansion coefficient $\alpha < 0$, which means it gets smaller as the temperature gets higher. In that case the entire disc would shrink as it heats up. Wikipedia has an entry on these kinds of materials (h/t Kevin Reid).
If you worked in an auto shop, you'd know the answer already.
When an axle gets stuck in a ball bearing, one way to pull it out is to heat up the bearing with a welding torch. The whole bearing, including the hole in the middle, expands and allows you to pull the axle free.
Im a machinist. We commonly heat holes to expand them in various applications. For example, to install bearings that demand a press fit. We use liquid nitrogen to also freeze the bearings. When both objects return to ambient temps the results are that the hole shrinks. We can even control within some tolerance how much. Consider on an atomic level what is taking place. At the end of day? Heat a hole, and it expands. When it cools it will shrink.
I think that there is an important assumption at work here. The hole will expand as long as the material is sufficiently rigid; since most things that we want to expand are rigid (jar lids and axle bearings, for example), and since a disk is likely to be made from a comparatively rigid alloy such as steel, it is generally fair to say that the hole would expand. But I think that you could also create a disk in which the hole would shrink; I would expect a hole in a disk made from a malleable material with a high thermal expansion coefficient (such as gold or lead) to shrink.
I know it has been answered already. Just a different perspective.
When a solid body is heated, it expands as if we look though a magnifying glass - everything looks bigger, including the hole in the disc.
The answer might lie in the ratio of ring thickness to circumference. In the case of an infinitely large disk compared to hole size the hole may get smaller. Remember the extremes of the theory must be answered.
protected by Qmechanic♦ Jan 22 '13 at 16:19
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