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12th Goodguys PPG Nationals ColumbusWritten by Eric Geisert on December 1, 2009 Contributors: Ryan Manson, Josh Mishler Bravin' The Rain In Columbus, Ohio
Though there has been a lot of talk recently about how some car shows exclude cars from the '50s and '60s, the Goodguys Rod and Custom Association has been practicing equality for all rodders for many years. The organization, founded in 1983, has held their national event in Columbus, Ohio, for the past 12 years, and it seems to keep getting bigger and better.
The show, sponsored by PPG, attracts more than 6,400 cars and many of the nation's top car builders too. There is so much quality at this one location that, suffice it to say if you like hot rods, this should be one of the first on a list of shows you would want to plan and attend.
Located at the sprawling Ohio Expo Center (home of the Ohio State Fair, which has been around since 1850!), the PPG Nationals brings more than 90,000 people through the gates over a three-day weekend. Long ago Goodguys figured out people like to do things while at their event, so there are literally dozens of specialty parking areas and seminars to go alongside the hundreds of vendor booths hawking the latest in hot rod gear.
The Goodguys also honor those who have given back to the rodding community. "Land Speed" Louise Noeth, renowned author (Bonneville: The Fastest Place on Earth), historian, racer (having driven a 250-mph jet dragster), and columnist (her monthly article can be found in the Goodguys Goodtimes Gazette) was named '09 Goodguys Woman of the Year at the 12th PPG Nationals. Before accepting the award in front of a packed house during the event awards ceremony, Noeth also gave a quick seminar to an appreciative crowd on the history of land speed racing. Presented annually in honor of the late Karen Bloechl (who was instrumental in the formative years of the Goodguys Association) and recognizing a female industry leader who serves to preserve the integrity and growth of the hot rodding industry, past Goodguys Woman of the Year recipients include Ginny Lobeck (1992), Sue Brizio (1993), DeEtte Crow (1996), Jane Callison (1997), Jeanette Ladina (2004), and many others.
One of the main reasons this event attracts the high-quality vehicles it does are the special awards that are handed out. Jesse Greening and Zane Cullen, hot rod shop owners and both former Goodguys Trendsetter award winners, were on hand to select the 16 coveted Builder's Choice awards (among the more respected prizes given out in this hobby). STREET RODDER also continued with the magazine's Turtle Wax Top 100 program, where 10 vehicles from this show and 90 other vehicles from nine other shows compete for STREET RODDER's Street Rod of the Year (check www.streetrodderweb.com for more on the program).
Goodguys also selects their Street Rod of the Year, Street Machine of the Year, Muscle Car of the Year, and Truck of the Year at this show, and everyone was impressed with the level of build quality that could be found in each car, especially in the Street Machine category. Even some of the country's most well-known hot rod builders were heard saying they were impressed with the incredible lengths these builders went to in creating these rides. In the street rod category, the Alan Johnson-built B-400, owned by Doug Cooper, which earlier in the year won the prestigious Don Ridler Memorial Award at the Detroit Autorama, took top honors and the title of Goodguys Street Rod of the Year. It's the second time the 38-year-old builder has built the top street rod (the last time was in Pleasanton in 1997). Johnson also built the '07 Street Machine of the Year for Georgia-native Bob Johnson.
A trip through the Market Place building would enlighten you as to what was new in the hot rod world but, if new parts aren't your thing, a trip through the swap meet area would probably cure your ills. Pickup trucks from the '40s through the '60s, which have always been popular with the hot rod crowd, dominated the cars-for-sale area, but you could still pick up a quick-change rear or a Model A hood in the swap for not much money.
On Saturday, typically the busiest day of the three for vendors and spectators alike, one of the state's classic thunder-and-lightning storms rolled in for a few hours to provide a rather loud distraction to the festivities. But after a few hours it moved on and folks went back to shining their rides and cruising the grounds. It didn't faze the Goodguys crew, as they know what all the rodders know: It'll pass and they'll get on with what everyone came for-hanging out at one of the best hot rod events in the country!
Turtle Wax presents
Street Rodder Top 100
Jim Lopochonsky, Greenville, Pennsylvania / '30 Ford coupe
In a time where many Model A coupes look the same, Jim Lopochonsky stepped outside the box and created something new. Kustom elements crept into his build, especially in the interior (done by the owner) where a waterfall console drops down between the bucket seats and up to the dash, and where hospital-style wired glass was used throughout the five-window (except the windshield). Jim's wife, Diana, painted the car.
Billy Morgan, Jefferson City, Tennessee / '62 Chevy Impala
Built at Hudson's Rod and Customs in Straw Plains, Tennessee, Billy Morgan's contemporary '62 Chevy Impala is innovative, especially in the interior, where burnt and perforated sheetmetal is used (where the black leather isn't) to highlight the doors and floor. Custom-painted Coddington wheels, a two-tone green 'n' black paintjob, and an on-the-ground stance help make this a looker.
Cosmo Walker, Chesapeake, Virginia / '32 Ford convertible
Reaching back to a simpler time, Cosmo Walker dressed his '32 with a 300-horse Flathead, Wheel Vintiques wires, Diamond Back tires, and a pleated interior, but then wrapped it in an American Speed convertible body, which the casual observer doesn't even notice.
Dan Fuller, Elyria, Ohio / '34 Ford roadster
Starting with a Lobeck chassis, Dan gathered up parts from Steve's Auto Restoration to build his roadster, and bought skins from Walden's Hot Rod Shop to reskin his own doors. A '50 Ford dash, '37 Ford truck grille, '36 Ford artillery wheels, and a '50 Ford Flathead make up some of the other parts to this classy hot rod.
Jeff Eischen, Plain City, Ohio / '32 Ford roadster pickup
Jeff Eischen's last two vehicles have been featured over the past few years in Street Rodder, and you'll see more on his '32 roadster pickup soon too. With an attention to detail and the ability to not go too far with his custom fabrication, there were tons to take in with his Brookville-based ride, which was powered by a 327 Chevy.
Todd Kindler, Baltic, Ohio / '32 Ford roadster
The design of this roadster centers on war-era aviation theme, from the Eagle Squadron nose art on the cowl to the twin ammo boxes in the trunk (one is a battery box), or from the Frank Wallic-built, riveted aluminum bomber seat to the yellow paint on the tips of the fan (propeller) blades-it's all got a good look to it.
Don Floyd, Shelbyville, Kentucky / '36 Ford four-door convertible
Don Floyd's '36 Ford was recently gone through (he's owned the ride for several years), which included a new interior (designed by Eric Brockmeyer) from Warren Skinnermowe and big 17- and 20-inch wheels. The convertible four-door gets its go from an LT4 backed to a 700R trans.
Bill Croming, Grafton, Ohio / '40 Ford coupe
Having owned this car since 1972, Bill Croming has seen his coupe in several incarnations, but he hit a high water mark this time. He turned to Squeeg's Kustom for the build, which included a 500-horse 402 IR Rousch engine backed to a Richmond six-speed trans, an interior from Gabe Lopez, plating by Jon Wright's Custom Chrome and PPG paint applied by Doug Jerger.
Ed Britz, Delmont, Pennsylvania / '55 DeSoto Fireflite hardtop
Built by the owner, Ed Britz's DeSoto Fireflite takes "The Forward Look" the company was promoting in 1955 and moves it a few steps farther. The top was chopped 3 inches, and a 528 Hemi (with Indy cylinder heads) provides more than enough "oomph" to get the big car down the road. A leather interior and 17-inch Intro wheels round out the package.
Bill Steele, Oakdale, Pennsylvania / '30 Ford coupe
Slightly channeled and with a 4-inch chop, Bill Steele's '30 Ford coupe is a standout in a field of Model A coupes. Power comes from a '55 331 Hemi topped with four Stromberg 97s, and the rod rolls on artillery spotlight wheels. A '38 Dodge dash was modified to fit, and the steering wheel comes from a '57 Lone Star boat.
Turtle Wax Tech Tips
Wax On, Winter Off: To keep your vehicle cleaner for longer during winter months, make sure to give your car a thorough wash and wax before the cold weather hits. Wax will help prevent oxidation from dulling and damaging your vehicle's exterior. For best results, first use a product that will deep clean your vehicle's exterior and remove any stubborn dirt and stains. Then select a long-lasting car wax, such as ICE Paste Polish, that can be applied to the entire exterior, including all metal, plastic, and rubber surfaces, and will provide a protective barrier against road salt, snow, and other inclement conditions.
Prepare the Interior: Winter elements can also cause damage to the inside of your car. To prevent tracked-in mud, slush, and snow from staining your interior, prep your vehicle with protective floor mats and clean them with an interior product, such as ICE Total Interior Care, which leaves behind a protective barrier against stains. Don't forget to remove any water-based products, which can freeze and crack during winter, as well as any unnecessary items that can weigh down your car and lower your fuel efficiency.
Handy Tips
Q: There are two different bellhousing sizes for C4 transmissions that mate to small-block Fords. How do you identify a large or small bellhousing C4 and what parts do you need for each?
A: Here's a good tech tip for determining what bellhousing C4 you have and what flexplate and index plate you need. To determine if you need a 157 tooth or 164 tooth flexplate measure center to center from the top starter hole to the block mounting hole above it.
1.5 inch = 157 tooth flexplate
1.75 inch = 164 tooth flexplate
Ford discontinued carrying many of the starter index plates a few years back but Total Performance in Clinton Township, Michigan, has started cutting them out for the various applications. They carry pretty much any Ford starter index plate (586) 468-3710.
Q: What is the small-block Ford firing order and what is the cylinder numbering?
A: All factory 351Ws are 1-3-7-2-6-5-4-8
All HO 302s are 1-3-7-2-6-5-4-8
Non-HO 302s are 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8
The camshaft dictates firing order. You can install either firing order cam in a 302 or 351W. The best way to check if you are not sure of the firing order is to bring the No. 1 cylinder up on the compression stroke. Then with the help of another person, see what cylinder builds compression next.
If it is No. 3, it's the HO302/351W firing order. If It's No. 5, it's the non-HO firing order.
The cylinders are numbered 1 through 4 righthand side (passenger side) front to back; 5 through 8 left hand side (driver side) front to back.
The best we can do on knowing why Ford made this change is: The reason for the change in firing order from 302 to 351W was to reduce the loading of number 1 main journal that occurs when the front cylinder on each bank fires in sequence.
Tom Wahl, Lakerville, Minnesota / '62 Ford Fairlane 500
Tom's cool white Fairlane is something of a sleeper. Built using a 23,000-original-mile car, you couldn't guess there was a 347 Ford V-8 lurking under the hood! With 540 hp backed to a four-speed and 9-inch rear, this car would definitely surprise most folks at the traffic light! The '62 rolls on 18- and 20-inch Schott wheels.
Jim Talaga, Plainfield, Illinois / '47 Ford Sportsman convertible
Dave Martin created the mahogany and maple wood pieces on Jim's convertible, which contrast the maroon paintjob from Ron Kral's Shop in Lockport, Illinois. Tim O'Connell of O'Connell Specialties gets the credit for building the car while the interior and the top came from Schober's Custom Hot Rod Interiors in Yorkville, Illinois. Just as nice underhood, Jim's ride is powered by a '95 Lincoln 4.6L engine backed to an AODE trans.
Harry Hartkemeyer, Cincinnati, Ohio / '47 Mercury convertible
Though he's owned the car for the last seven years, Harry spent four years working on it. Under the hood and smoothie engine cover is an '01 Ford 4.6L V-8. Top up or down, the Merc 'vert looks stylish either way.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
Robert McGaffin got this photo of Nick Licata (whose day job is the editor of Camaro Performers magazine) throwing Dave Perewitz's FFR '33 hot rod into a turn during the portion of the autocross challenge featuring vendor-sponsored cars (Perewitz's flew under PPG colors). Nick reports the car was exceptionally flat, even through the course, and finished with a best time of 31.91 seconds.Rick Parson's '61 Buick, of West Liberty, Ohio, was both low and lean. The big-inch Billet Specialties filled the fenders nicely on this driver.Built by Johnson's Hot Rod Shop in Gadsden, Alabama, Doug Cooper's '32 Ford B-400 not only won the prestigious Don Ridler Memorial Award at the Detroit Autorama earlier in the year, but the car was also named the Goodguys/Classic Instruments '09 Street Rod of the Year at this year's Columbus event. The all-steel sedan body (with an aluminum lift-off roof) is powered by a 400-horse LS6 engine.Walt Jones' late-A is traditional with its unchopped look, but a 302/AOD lurks beneath. Note the addition of a cowl vent and removal of the visor.Not just a display vehicle parked outside to garner attention, we actually saw Vince Spretnjak's '34 Ford rail driving down the city streets of Columbus, and with the blown Hemi chuggin' right along.You might think this elegant-looking '33 Ford roadster might have a base 350/350 combo, but owner Jack Maloney (from Highland, Maryland) opted for three pedals with a 383/five-speed drivetrain to get him down the road.Lots of work went into Jake Moomey's '54 Chevy-from the chopped top to the two-tone paint scheme to the fabbed grille, and it all looks great.Here is a good example of contrast truck styles: Tom Lischke's satin black '28 (which gets its go from a 4.3L V-6) has the perfect profile without a chop...
Kirk Jones took this great photo of the Goodguys' Marc Meadors and "Land Speed" Louise Noeth, author (Bonneville: The Fastest Place on Earth), historian, racer (she's driven a 250-mph jet dragster), and columnist (for the Goodguys Goodtimes Gazette) as she was named the '09 Goodguys Woman of the Year at the 12th PPG Nationals. Accepting the award in front of a packed house during the event awards ceremony, Noeth also gave a seminar to an appreciative crowd on the history of land speed racing.Sometimes paintjobs just glow, which was the case with Albert Torelli's '49 Oldsmobile. Al's Olds featured custom bodywork too, such as the addition of eyebrows above the headlights.Because the '40 Ford has quite a following, some folks forget how great a '39 Ford can look. But Lou Gardner's coupe, from Annapolis, Maryland, should educate those on how to do it right. And for power, a 327 is under the hood.Darrell Potter's '50 Ford coupe was featured in the December '08 issue of STREET RODDER, and it still looks great. Just a clean and simple hot rod.Great color on Cindy Zimmerman's '60 Pontiac Catalina. This ride shows what you can do with the right choice of wheels and a slight lowering job.You'll always find some high-end rods at the Goodguys Columbus show, but how 'bout a Hudson? Gary Dickerhoof's '32 was produced about in the middle of the company's 50-year run, and exemplifies the elegance associated with the nameplate during the prewar years.Another great looking sedan belongs to Brock Henderson from West Union, Ohio. His '32 ford was coated in satin black, and highlighted with an Apple Green grille and wires. The 283 and four-speed might be fun too!The swap meet was alive and well in Columbus, and it seemed there were a fair amount of vintage trucks for sale. The white '53 GMC on the left, with its 228 straight-eight, had its price knocked down nearly $2,100 to $6,900 by the time we saw it...
Richard March, from Madison, Ohio, was handed the Goodguys' Teriffic T award for his red '23, which is equipped with a 355 Chevy.Check out the kiddie seats in the back of Mike Keene's Deuce Phaeton. Those kids gotta believe their dad is the coolest!Lots to take in on Larry Henderson's Deuce roadster-least of which are the 16- and 18-inch colorcoded wires. Larry's roadster won a Trendsetter's Builder's Choice award at the show.Ford changed body styles in late '47 to the '48 body style before going to the slab-sided cars in 1949. Dean Wright's Powder Blue convertible, with a big 454 under the hood, was trimmed at Portage Trim in Ravenna, Ohio.Friday was the day to have the top down in your car, and Ed Perkins, from Springboro, Ohio, took advantage of the situation in his '50 Chevy while the sun was out.Looking like it was influenced by the custom Ts of the '60s with its heavy green Metalflake, Blaise Kendall's '23 was up for sale. He'd come down to $16,500 by the time we saw it.Pinkee's Rod Shop built this Electric Green '32 Ford sedan for Don Smith of Mansfield, Texas. The rod has been a magnet for awards since its completion, and it was one of the five finalists for the Goodguys Street Rod of the Year in Columbus.We caught Dave Danko cruising his '34 Ford before the rains came down, but the wet stuff didn't slow him or his 221 Flathead down at all.
We've noticed a few more highboy sedans being built of late, and Brian Wisniewski's '32 Ford reminds us of the old Bearcat and Eastwood Deuce from the '70s-very cool.We don't see a lot of '47 Ford sedan deliverys, especially ones as nice as the one owned by Dave Harber of New Carlisle, Ohio. The two-tone green and Sage paintjob looks great with the lowered stance. Plus, you can never go wrong with the classic five-spoke wheel design!Frank Tetro's '32 roadster from Melbourne, Florida, was another finalist in the Goodguys Street Rod of the Year. His Ford featured a 502 motor, a chassis from Alloway's, paint and body from Harbor Auto Restorations, and Dayton wire wheels wrapped in BFGoodrich rubber.Bob Perreault, from Rogersville, Missouri, built a nice-looking hot rod. Besides the 283/five-speed combo that appeals to us, his Deuce roadster also used some neat Deco-type vents for the hood.Shane Felger's '49 Ford was stripped of paint on the exterior (except for some excellent artwork across the trunk) but it was sprayed with clear to preserve the metal finish. The pinstriped engine compartment was cool, too.We're guessing the rain on Saturday didn't bother Rick Scott too much. Based in Decatur, Illinois, Rick was actually able to add to the patina on his '50 Buick Special.Lots of hot rodders were checking out Scott Linder's '63 Plymouth, but not because of its 225 slant-six engine. They were dreaming of a Hemi-powered sleeper.


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I'm supposed to demonstrate that although we make the assumption in an ideal BEC that the ground state population follows
$N_0 = N\left[1-\left(\frac{T}{T_c}\right)^{3/2}\right]$
in reality the true ground state population at $T = T_c$ is not zero, and is
$N_0 = \sqrt{\frac{2\pi^{1/2}N}{\zeta(3/2)}} + \mathcal{o}(\sqrt{N})$.
The hint included is to use $N = \frac{e^{\beta \mu}}{1 - e^{\beta\mu}} + \frac{V}{\lambda_D^3}g_{3/2}\left(e^{\beta\mu}\right)$.
I've been racking my brain trying to figure this out. I assumed I was supposed to consider the limit of small temperature above the critical temperature. I set $g_{3/2}\left(e^{\beta\mu}\right) \to g_{3/2}(1) = \zeta(3/2)$ and I tried expanding the exponents to first order in $\beta \mu$ for small values of $\mu$ but I can't seem to figure out the correct expression. I'm using Landau and found an expression for $\mu$ which was determined by expanding about $T_c$ but it didn't seem to be terribly useful to me here either... Any ideas?


text:
If I want to make 4 cups of coffee (in the pot), which is actually 2.5 cups if I put it in a regular liquid measuring cup, how much coffee should I start with?
The answer is that it will depend on your personal preference for the strength of your coffee, the beans themselves, the type of brewing, and so on. Many coffee bean bags have a reference on the side of them.
The standard guideline for most medium roast coffee bean bags is 2 tablespoons per 6 fl. oz. (1 cup in your liquid measuring cup).
The Specialty Coffee Association of America has some interesting info on this, per this link.
Serious Eats has just published an article explaining why measuring coffee by weight is much more accurate—and it is the same measurement whether you weight the beans whole or ground.
The bottom line is weight is simply much more accurate, as it removes variables of size, packing, consistency and so on. Consistent measurement helps ensure consistent results.
The recommended amount of coffee in the article, by weight, is approximately 30 grams (1 ounce) per 12-16 oz of water. So, in the example from the original question, for four "cups" (at 6 oz per cup) you would want 60 grams (2 ounces) of coffee. Note that this recommendation is higher than the 10 grams/cup that is indicated in the original answer this this question. In the end, each person will need to determine the ratio that is ideal for their taste.
In fact, they recommend weighing the water as well, although in my personal opinion, this is less critical as over say a 32 ounce pot (6 "cups" or three of my mugs, the smallest I personally consider worth brewing), the accumulated error is much smaller.
I grind 2 tablespoons per one cup (6 oz is the standard in popular coffee maker brands). Only grind a weeks worth at a time or you can grind it on a daily basis if you want to take the time.


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Please enter a maximum of 5 recipients. Use ; to separate more than one email address.
| Ayral, T. , Honeywell Process Solutions, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; De Jonge, P. , Honeywell Process Solutions, Camarillo, California, and Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Using very conservative estimation methods, the estimated benefits for operator training simulators (OTS) show a return on investment certain to surpass the typical corporate investment hurdle rate.
[operator training simulators]
[ cost]
[capital equipment]
[advanced process control]
In the airline industry, pilots are responsible for complex
and expensive equipment, and the lives of many people. Flight
simulators are used to train pilots for nontypical events, such
as engine failure and water landing, and pilots are required to
spend a specified amount of time per quarter-year in simulator
training, to maintain certification.
As the role of the process console operator has evolved, and
he or she now controls more pieces of equipment (assets) and
more control loops. The process console operator role
approaches the responsibility of a pilot with similar levels of
consequences when a failure occurs. Many progressive processing
companies have installed operator training simulators (OTSs) to
train operators for both routine operations (startup and
shutdown) and abnormal situations.
Many processing plant executives want to know the financial
benefits and justification for implementing and maintaining
OTSs for their existing plants and several examples quantify
those benefits. However, before discussing the benefits of the
process, it is important to understand the components of an
The components of a first-class OTS include:
Fig. 1 is a diagram containing these
components. Fig. 2 illustrates a typical OTS
graphic, while Fig. 3 offers an example of a
typical OTS training room.
Fig. 1. OTS
Fig. 2. A
typical OTS graphic.
Fig. 3. Two engineers
train in an OTS control room.
Benefits. Today, construction projects for most new process units
include an OTS. The financial benefits alone for an OTS in
greenfield plants have been well documented for more than a
decade. When itemizing the usefulness of an OTS, one cannot
overlook that it offers:1
It is also clear that OTSs generate significant benefits for
brownfield units (or through the entire lifecycle of a process
unit). Several brownfield clients have had OTS programs in
operation for all of their plants process units for over
20 years. These companies continue to maintain and update their
OTSs, ensuring that the OTSs are an integral part of their
plants continuing operator training.
The main economic benefits of an OTS fall into four
Some additional benefits are smaller or may be more
difficult to quantify. These include benefits resulting from
safety improvements, fewer environmental incidents, increased
mechanical integrity and energy savings (resulting from fewer
startups and shutdowns). The additional benefits, which can be
significant, are not estimated here.
The total annualized benefits from an OTS for a 100,000-bpd
refinery are estimated and
summarized in Table 1.
One of the key benefits that OTSs offer is a reduction in
planned turnaround time. This benefit includes planned startup
and shutdown time before and after scheduled maintenance. It is
not intended to include benefits for unplanned shutdowns and maintenance. As described in a
previous article, an operating company used a basis of 10%
reduction in startup time from using a simulator for a
brownfield unit.2 We will extend this to include a
5% reduction in shutdown time and an additional 5% for better
operator understanding, for a total of 20% reduction in
turnaround time.
Using a cracked spread of $24/bbl and a charge rate of
100,000 bpd, this provides a profit of $2.4 million/day. With a
conservative 14-day turnaround every three years, an OTS is
estimated to generate an annual benefit of $2.24 million.
OTS are also useful when addressing the reduction in
abnormal situations or incidents caused by human error. An
operating company used the following as a basis to estimate the
benefits of an OTS:2
Using the previously calculated daily profit of $2.4
million/day, and four days per year for unplanned downtime, a
15% reduction in downtime yields a conservative OTS annual
benefit of $1.44 million.
APC utilization can also be optimitized. This benefit is
estimated as a 15% improvement in total plant APC benefits
because operators understand and utilize the APC better, and
therefore have higher utilization factors. A conservative $7.4
million in annual APC benefits was used here, generated using a
simple refinery APC payback calculation to estimate a 15%
improvement of $1.11 million/yr.
One should also not forget that an OTS offers a reduction in
capital equipment for repairs. When abnormal incidents occur
due to human error, equipment and materials are required for
repairs or additional wear-out because of the incident. This
estimate attempts to quantify those preventable costs. The
benefit is calculated by a reduction in the plants
capital budget of 0.5% in total material costs of a $22 million
annual budget.
These benefit estimates are based upon a generic refinery configuration and size.
Heuristics, experience, simple financial models and engineering
judgments were used for the calculation of these benefits. A
better estimate for an actual process could be generated by
looking at five years of incident data on a unit-by-unit basis,
with actual margins and process unit rates.
The annual benefit estimated would provide a simple pay-out
time of less than two years, even when the cost of simulator maintenance and instructor costs are
added. This should easily surpass the investment hurdle rate of
most processing companies.
BP Chemical previously studied OTS benefits.3 In
a five-year period, BP installed OTSs at four of its major
chemical sites in the UK. Benefits were estimated from four
quantifiable categories:
These benefits are in line with the benefits estimates
provided in Table 1. In addition, at another
site, BP reported a benefit that was 20 times simple payback
over the original investment in a five-year
The beneficial nature of OTSs has been quantified here using
experience, simple financial models, good engineering judgment
and financial calculations. As two of our colleagues
The justification for an OTS in a greenfield project is more obvious than for an
existing plant. In a new plant, operators need to be trained on
something that does not yet exist, whereas the direct benefit
of an OTS for training in an existing plant is less certain.
Even so, most agree that such a training system in existing
plants can reduce losses by improving the startup time, prevent
unscheduled downtime and equipment repairs, and maintain
production throughputs. It is, however hard to
Using very conservative estimation methods, the estimated
benefits for OTSs show a return on investment certain to
surpass the typical corporate investment hurdle rate.
1 French, S. J. , Phillips 66 Co.s
financial benefits road map using Honeywell Hi Spec dynamic
training simulator, NPRA Computer Conference, October
2 Mason, J. and J. A. Alamo, The role of OTS
in operator training programs, Control
Engineering, Nov. 2, 2010.
3 Fiske, T., Uses and benefits of dynamic
simulation for operator training systems, ARC
Insights, August 9, 2007.
All comments are subject to editorial review.
All fields are compulsory.
Avinash Shetty
it is UNISIM - Honeywell OTS platform very rigid and user friendly My Self - CoE-OTS & Group Lead for the Mega OTS project ( All plants need to have OTS at Reliance industries LTD ( Consisting 6 Mfg location with Worlds Largest Refining capacity at JMD - india- I am at Corporate Office at Mumbai also I am Simcab Member representing RIL
Tien Dung Nguyen
Please, Could you tell me the name of the software in fig 2?
tony gomez
Awesome Ayral! Its awesome Anthony! Email me!
pratik panchal
Hiiiiii, it's really awesome. can you please suggest me which book or which source i get to find basic of OTS.
If my prbolem was a Death Star, this article is a photon torpedo.
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A searchable database of project activity in the global hydrocarbon processing industry
Engineers and designers are highly skilled individuals. Forcing them to enter design changes using tables, forms and spreadsheets is unproductive and uneconomical, and it increases the likelihood of human error—this is the way that most instrumentation software systems currently work. For too long, software vendors have denied engineers and designers the simple practicality of a graphical visual engineering interface with "drag and drop" capability and inbuilt intelligence, ensuring changes are automatically replicated into all the associated data and databases.
Is 2016 the peak for US gasoline demand?
Too soon to tell
July 2016


text:
Discussion around the Second Test at the Adelaide Oval
Discussion around the Second Test at the Adelaide Oval
Email - email@example.com
Moderators - firstname.lastname@example.com (will go to all moderators)
Google Hangouts/Facebook - email@example.com
England to bat first and rack up 1000/1
- Winner of the 2011 and 2012 CricketWeb AFL tipping competition
- Winner of the 2011, 2012 and 2013 CricketWeb NRL tipping competition
Australia by an Innings, Ponting to tonne up. Cook to pair up.
Avatar courtesy of GIMH. I in no way support the English cricket team.
He looked freer third innings as stated.
However the true test would've been if he'd batted today, which he didn't. C'est la vie.
He'll play.
You can't get 1/517 scored against you and not make major changes to the bowling attack. Need a whole new attack for Adelaide, anything less and we'll see the same crap happening.
Will be another drawn test!!!
Doherty out
Hauritz in
And that'll do the selectors. They wouldn't want to "disrupt the team harmony" too much. Johnson will stay because "we feel he's about to return to his best form. He did have a great Shield match the other day and the pitch didn't really suit him". North like-wise "has shown himself to be a reliable member of the batting order".
Last edited by Spikey; 28-11-2010 at 11:32 PM.
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It's seriously so gorgeous today I almost went out bra-less! Oh the days of a hot sticky summer. With the sun, comes the hopeful dream of dressing for it..in mother effin' PASTEL y'all. I know we're still a hop and a skip away from summer but the colors and inspiration are already flooding my mind. Hence the nail job I did yesterday.
Kitty kept me company, she helped dry my nails with her wagging tail. Genius child. I cant' wait for hot weather.. I'll be wearing my too-short-for-work dresses all day errryday. Air flowing between your loins is such a beautiful thing.
Can you taste the happiness?? If Spring/Summer were to knock on my door tomorrow, I would greet them with a mojito in one hand, and these dresses all up on me. I love doing light fabrics and colors in sunny weather because tanned skin next to light hues is absolutely delicious. "Oh this ol' tan? I got it while frolicking nekkid in St. Tropez. No biggy."
Romwe bow knot pastel dress $21 / Marchesa Nott dress
$925 $370 / CK Rain Draped Dress $1271$635 / Robert Rodriguez one-shoulder silk dress $495$222.75 / DVF Blaire dress $522 (This Blair dress previously seen here. I guess Big papi forgot my address)
Some accessories for those who arent comfortable with the whole pastel fitted look. ASOSskinny bow tie belt $10 / ASOS Limited Edition Pastel Chainmail Drop Earrings
$17.91 $14.32 / Miu Miu Pastel cat eye stunna shades $300 / Ice cream ring $8 / Sam Edelman mint bow pumps $606 / Lens Get Gorgeous ring $10 – so cute!
Color therapy (as previously mentioned right huuur) is something people dont indulge in enough. Now go on my love, go get your mint on…
Another shot of my lavender nails in day light. sorry about the bad paint job, i hate it when bitches post crusty nails up.. it was late, and i was tired. Sue me!! Happy hump day, let's chat later. xoxo


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I need some of your precious advice co-Ubuntu users.
I have been a full Ubuntu user for a few months now and our old 2005 model PC just broke down and so my parents gave me a new PC (notebook). I have installed Windows 7 Ultimate for some reason.
Now, my problem is that, since I am a amateur graphic designer, website developer, software developer and other professions a normal teenager won't try and I am using Adobe Creative Suite CS6 Master Collection for my multimedia creation and web development needs, what could I use Ubuntu Linux for? Software development? Website Usability Testing? Other Multimedia stuff? Etc.?
Need real help because my mind is getting confused in what should I use Ubuntu for... Any help will be welcomed with appreciation. :D
P.S. Don't suggest to me any games because I'm no gamer.


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truWALKzero Men's T-Toe Sport
Item # K72875
Special Offer:
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Pick it up, and you'll marvel. Flex it, and you'll be astounded. The truWALKzero Men's T-Toe Sport is one of the lightest shoes we've ever made, without sacrificing an ounce of comfort. We've taken out every unnecessary element to engineer the airiest shoes imaginable.
- ADIPRENE® by adidas shock-absorbent cushioning protects the heel at impact
- Rubber outsole helps provide a durable grip on a variety of surfaces
- Padded collar and tongue for comfort
- Moisture absorbent Polyurethane foot bed helps provide durable cushioning
Highly shock-absorbent cushioning protects the heel at impact
truWALKzero Men's T-Toe Sport is rated out of 5 by 5.
Rated 1 out of 5 by JamesRockportReview2 from Likely design flaw, but they look great It's a great shoe that feels great when you first put it on. It's lightweight and sporty. However, the heel tab is relatively high and made of a relatively inflexible material with no padding. This all contributes to excessive rubbing above the back of the heel even when worn with socks.
Date published: 2013-04-24
Rated 5 out of 5 by Olga from Best walking shoos Going to buy the second pair for my husband. The first one was really perfect and very comfortable for long walking. Moreover, this shoos are washable, what is very important for shoos for every day. In one year after almost each day wearing, my husband's pair requires replacement. That's only one cons.
Date published: 2014-03-17
Rated 3 out of 5 by 12345 from OK but can be much better for sure! I bought it for my walking trip in Rome. Because the bottom of the shoe has very curved edge which has tendency to push the feet towards to the side and not able to sit my feet on the foot bed properly.
Date published: 2014-05-03
Rated 5 out of 5 by EdUcateme from Great Walking Shoes These shoes are awesome. Very comfortable right out of the box. First walk of 2.5 miles was effortless. Great job Rockport!!
Date published: 2014-05-08
Rated 1 out of 5 by Johnny D from Great looking, but... Returned this shoe. The heel design rubs and digs into the back of my ankle. Wish it had been more comfortably designed.
Date published: 2014-09-14


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Where can I find downloadable word games for Ubuntu?
You can also find games for Ubuntu on Steam, in Humble Indie Bundles, and on other websites.
In general, most software for Ubuntu can be found in the Ubuntu Software Centre, but you can also find software for Ubuntu online on websites as well. Installing software from the Centre is quite easy, whereas installing software from a
I had a similar question for finding word puzzles.
I found this one named Klest-crossword (http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2013/07/klest-crossword-crossword-puzzle-game-and-creator-for-ubuntu-linux/). It has ~1000 crosswords for both Russian and English, and can automatically generate new ones. But it's too difficult for me...
As mentioned above, GBrainy (in software center) is another choice for verbal game. But that's not what I looking for...


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Bravo School Of Art: Digital Photography For SLR Cameras
- When Thursday, January 10, 2013 at 6 p.m.
- Where Bravo School of Art, 2690 Historic Decatur Rd Studio 206, San Diego Map | Website
- Age limit All ages
- Categories Lectures & Classes, Photography
- Cost $42 - $48
Above: Graphic logo for Bravo School of Art.
Join instructor John Thurston and learn the art of Digital Photography for SLR Cameras at the Bravo School of Art.
As Digital SLR cameras have become very commonplace, most people only use them in their Automatic mode. Learn to explore the creative controls that all these cameras have in order to MAKE great photographs, not just TAKE ordinary snapshots. Learn how your camera and lens works, and about its standard exposure controls for more creative effects, and improving your composition for photographs you can be proud of.
You must bring your camera with its manual, memory card and a charged and/or spare battery. Register for this workshop and Photoshop for Photographers to receive a $10 rebate.
Date: Thursday, January 10th from 6 - 9pm
Location: Bravo School of Art, 2690 Historic Decatur Rd, Studio 206: Google Map.


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The Sin of Racism and the Supreme Court's Catholic Majority
While still waiting to find out what provision of the Constitution section four of the Voting Rights Act violated (Justice Roberts' majority decision doesn't appear to ever get around to providing that little detail), it occurs to me that Shelby County v. Holder reflects, among other things, the ongoing failure of white American Catholicism to fully come to grips with the depths of the sin of racism in this country.
Daniel O'Connell, the great Liberator of 19th century Ireland, couldn't understand why Irish-Americans weren't at the forefront of the abolitionist movement. Both O'Connell and his friend and ally, Frederick Douglass saw the two struggles as linked.
But Irish immigrants to the US ended up seeing it differently. They saw a society much like the old one they'd left behind---where general prosperity and political freedom relied on the maintenance of a segregated and oppressed "other". In the Old World the "other" was Irish Catholics. In the New World, it was Blacks---and the newly American Irish fought bitterly to avoid getting caught on the wrong side of that dividing line. Thomas Nast's racist, nativist and wildly popular political cartoons (example above) give a hint of how fluid and up for grabs the "race" line was in mid-19th century America.
The Irish provided the template by which later European Catholic immigrants could prove their "whiteness" and thus dramatically improve their chances of achieving "the American Dream". And part of that template required ignoring and minimizing the history of racism in the United States and the ways in which "white" Catholics increasingly benefted from it. (Noel Ignatiev's How The Irish Became White is one of a growing number of fine books and articles exploring and documenting this history.)
It's not ancient history either. Thomas Sugrue's brilliant histories of race and civil rights in mid-20th century Northern cities, The Origins of the Urban Crisis and Sweet Land of Liberty, vividly document the myiad ways in which the sin of racism is not just a "Southern problem". Ira Katznelson's Fear Itself shows how the New Deal, in a multitude of ways, reinforced and institutionalized racial discrimination and oppression across the country.
The world they describe is the world in which Justices Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy and Alito grew up---one in which any prejudice they and their families experienced (as Catholics, as Irish, as Italians) was but a pale and faded reflection of the racist oppression that is inextricably intertwined with the democratic and capitalist roots of what became the United States of America. What's more, the ways in which they benefited (in most cases, unconsciously, I imagine) from institutionalized racism far outweighed any "costs" they experienced of not being part of the WASP majority.
Chief Justice Taney, in his Dred Scott opinion, at least had the excuse (justification? reason?) that his decision was based on the plainly racist character of the relevant sections of the Constitution. Roberts and his colleagues have taken the plainly anti-racist intent (and utterly clear language) of the 15th amendment and twisted it beyond recognition.
Uprooting and repenting of the sin of racism remains one of the great, unfinished challenges white American Catholics face. Shelby County v. Holder not only doesn't help us along that journey; it's a marker of how very far we have to go.
About the Author
Luke Hill is a writer and community organizer in Boston. He blogs at dotCommonweal and MassCommons.
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Good front-page article in the NYT this morning about Roberts's "Long Game."
Roberts is "patient and methodical."
Just like Escriva: http://www.google.com/search?site=&source=hp&q=escriva+patient+and+metho...
I wonder if this ruling might be helpful in at least one sense. For too long race and class have been conflated. It seems to me that the real issue with respect to systemic discrimination pertains to class. Lower classes, who frequently, in North America, correlated strongly with minorities. People of colour lacked the social and cultural capital to access levers of power. However, once a minority becomes part of the dominant class, or at least a large proportion of minorities become higher class, then the connotation of that race as belonging to a lower class diminishes in the mind of the public.
Simply put the issue is class and "whiteness" is less about colour than it is class. Affirmative action assist minorities in becoming "white" metaphorically at least. Of course, that is part of the challenges with minorities who resist such mobility referring to that process as being co-opted by the man, etc.
Still, the issue is economic, cultural and social marginalization and even in more democratic and egalitarian Western countries (at least rhetorically and mythically), class remains the most pernicious of all categories. Race is the veneer that is associated with it but class is the issue.
@George D (6/28, 10:18 am) Thanks for your comment---and for your desire to find a silver lining!
However, I don't see how one can look at American history and conclude that "(r)ace is the veneer...but class is the issue." Africans were brought to Jamestown in August 1619 in chains. Virginia law codes adopted in the 1660s---over a century before the founding of the nation---had as their chief concern race, not class. One price of a "united States" in the 1780s was enshrining the "Slave Power" in the constitution via the 3/5 clause. Slavery---not class, not states' rights---was the cause of this nation's bloodiest war. To this day, farm workers and domestic workers are excluded from coverage by the National Labor Relations Act. Why? Because in the 1930s the vast majority of agricultural and domestic workers were Negroes in the south, and white southern Democrats insisted on their exclusion.
I could go on, but you get my point. Race has been a (somewhat) fluid and hotly contested social construct throughout our history, but there's no way to understand that history without taking account of it. An analysis based on class just doesn't hold up.
Let me add a novel to the Sugrue histories above -- Poor Banished Children of Eve by Peter Quinn, publlished in 1994 and reissued in paperback in 2008. It's on point and a good book that I didn't think got the attention it deserved.
Luke, thanks for the reassurance that I can't find the consitutional basis for Roberts's decision because it isn't there. I had just about given up on that and was looking for the part where section 2 of the 15th Amendment, giving Congress the power to enforce voting rights, required the advice and consent of the Supreme Court. Strict interpretatation, judicial restraint, stare decisis, indeed.
That "little detail" is actually mentioned pervasively by Justice Roberts: the 10th Amendment and the entire structure of the Constitution, under which the federal government has no general power to pre-approve what laws a state decides to pass.
WASHINGTON (The Borowitz Report)—In a shocking end to an illustrious legal career, police arrested Justice Antonin Scalia today as he attempted to set the Supreme Court building ablaze.
Justice Scalia, who had seemed calm and composed during the announcement of two major rulings this morning, was spotted by police minutes later outside the building, carrying a book of matches and a gallon of kerosene.
After police nabbed Justice Scalia and placed him in handcuffs, the Juror appeared "at peace and resigned to his fate," a police spokesman said.
"He went quietly," the spokesman said. "He just muttered something like, 'I don't want to live in a world like this.' "
Back at the Supreme Court, Justice Scalia's colleagues said they hoped he would get the help he needed, except for Justice Clarence Thomas, who said nothing.
Read more: http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/borowitzreport/2013/06/scalia-arrested-trying-to-burn-down-supreme-court.html?printable=true¤tPage=all#ixzz2XWjdvO1v
ISTM that it is wrong to presuppose that there is one main sociological cause of prejudice of any sort. Looking back to European history we see that there were battles in the Dark Ages which pitted not people of just one class or color class, but between whole clans, with the aristocrats leading their own serfs, etc., in battle against neighboring aristocrats and their own people. (Those were clans in the old sense of the word.)
What seems most basic to me is our "clan instinct" (in the metaphorical sense of "clan"). It is our extremely strong and thoroughly *general* human tendency to classify ourselves into "us" and "them", and it doesn't make too much difference what the basis for the divisions are except that like loves like, though the original clans seem to have been formed on the basis of family membership. See the loyalty of fans of football and basketball and baseball teams -- yes, we usually root for our own, local teams, but look at what happens in cities where there are no home teams -- people (especially men) choose sides and become fans of a team from somewhere else.
Skin color, financial means, land ownerhip, ethnic origin, political party, church, sports organization -- they all function as mix and match bases for establishing our own clans, for dividing us up. Ask any mother encouraging her daughter to look for a mate.
In 1963, we sold our family home in a small town in Lake County, IL. He was a psychiatrist (M.D. – Ph.D.), his wife a psychiatric social worker at a VA hospital; they had two small children. After the sale closed, we were at Mass – St. Patrick's, our home parish. On the steps of the church, as we waited to greet the pastor, Msgr. M, after mass, a fellow parishioner and neighbor pushed through the line to my father, called him a "F—ing n—r lover" at the top of his lungs, and spit in his face, directly in front of the pastor. And also of his own wife and children, not to mention us. Msgr. M said nothing, then or later. Neither did a single member of that congregation. Dad, who was a man slow to anger, wiped his face with his handkerchief and said nothing, then went ahead and shook hands with Msgr. M, as did we all after him.
I was 15. We went to mass as a family the next two weeks at St.Patrick's, thinking (I suppose) that there would be some comment, if not comfort. Then the rest of that summer at the parish in the next town. But in the Fall, when I returned to the boarding school where I was a student, I stopped going to mass and confession. Except for the Baptism of the infants of some friends and the installation of one friend as a Deacon, I have not entered a Catholic Church in 49 years.
I took up with the Congregationalist, and have had no cause to think I chose poorly. But I do subscribe to Commonweal.
@Wasting Time (6/28, 11:28 am) Thanks for your comment.
The 10th amendment in its entirety reads: "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."
When the 15th amendment was ratified 79 years later, did it not remove the relevant power---the right to vote regardless of race, color or previous condition of servitude---from the States and delegate it expressly to the United States?
As for "the entire structure of the Constitution", perhaps some of the legal scholars here could weigh in, but my understanding is that the Supreme Court typically specifies, often in great detail, which particular provision of the constitution a law violates (in those cases when the Court strikes down a law). Isn't that correct?
There are Irish Americans and Irish Americans, Kennedys and Kennedys. Historically it's true that Irish Americans backed the pro-union Democratic party that included white slavers in the South while liberal Republicans who hated the unions backed emancipation on principle. But that was then and this is a looong time later. I don't see even a hint of the old pro-union Irish coming to the fore among prominent Irish Catholics in today's political rightwing. Not even a hint.
I believe Ann has expressed very well the source of the seemingly endless complexity behind the remarkable destructivenss of the us against them. So much of it seems to stem from laziness, for lack of a better or more useful term. Of all our differences our external appearance is the easiest to recognize.
Thanks to Mark L. for sharing your story. For myself, born well after the "civl rights era," it's always helpful to hear people's stories.
I would also add that racism is included in the relatively short list of "instrically evil" actions in the USCCB's Faithful Citizenship.
Yes, there are Irish and Irish. In New Orleans the Irish didn't face the sort of religious prejudice they faced in other parts of the country because Catholics were the founding fathers here. But there was slavery here, and slaves were extremely expensive. So when dangerous work had to be done (like digging up the malarial marshes to build our famed covered-over canals) the workmen used were largely immigrants, not slaves, because (this is shocking) immigrants were expendable. (If an immigrant died, you lost no money. If a slave did, you lost a lot.) What resulted is that the poorest immigrants, including many Irish, resented the black folks, while the immigrants who prospered, including many Irish, were not resentful of the black people. So the amounts of prejudice in the two Irish groups varied greatly. My half-Irish grandmother and her sisters, for instance, were much less prejudiced against black people than were most southerners. They even had a lot of sympathy for them. Not so with some others of Irish descent here.
Complexity, complexity.
I think there is a negative stereotype of white ethnic working people being sonehow more racist than other people. That has not been my experience at all and I think it is a very hurtful stereotype.
@Irene Baldwin (6/29, 8:55 am) The Court's ruling in this case would be additional evidence to support your case. Justices Alito, Kennedy, Roberts and Scalia all grew up in comfortably middle class, upper-middle class and professional families.
@Michael P:
Thanks. The Catholic Church organizes much of its story of itself around its heroes – the named saints, the Popes, our efforts (in another thread) to find Catholic intellectuals. Doubtless the Bishops and the catechism today decry racism. But we learn our faith amongst our families and our parishes, recognizing the fruit by the taste on the tongue. Rather as did Jesus, as I read the Gospel.
"@Irene Baldwin (6/29, 8:55 am) The Court's ruling in this case would be additional evidence to support your case. Justices Alito, Kennedy, Roberts and Scalia all grew up in comfortably middle class, upper-middle class and professional families."
Luke --
My post was about 19th century experiences and views, including some very particular ones here, and my point was that there is a great deal of variety in the views of those generations because of different causes operating at different times. I did not stereotype any old group nor any new one. I know from my own experience that racial prejudice is not the sole possession of any one group, and even within subgroups there are big differences of opinion.
There are causes of racial prejudice,however, and it seems to me it's helpful to try to understand them.
The Origins of the Urban Crisis and Sweet Land of Liberty, vividly document the myiad ways in which the sin of racism is not just a "Southern problem".
The provision that the Court overturned seems to have very much seen racism as a "Sourthern problem" - particular sections of the South, plus some other very specific regions. Either it is a regional problem or it isn't.
@Irene Baldwin (6/29, 8:55 am) The Court's ruling in this case would be additional evidence to support your case. Justices Alito, Kennedy, Roberts and Scalia all grew up in comfortably middle class, upper-middle class and professional families.
Luke, in your opinion, are these four Supreme Court Justices racists? That seems to be what you're insinuating.
BB ..You are right about 'not a hint'
When Kennedy won in 1960, most of the urban Irish thought they had arrived and led the white flight to the suburbs and registered as GOP so they could join the CC. , say hello to O'Reilly and Hannitys parents.
@Jim Pauwels (6/30, 11:08 and 11:11 pm) Thanks for your comments. First, the VRA is aimed at protecting voting rights, not at remedying "racism" in general. Second, there's no disagreement (I trust) that the South, as a region, has the most egregious history of racially discriminatory voting laws, regulations and administrative practices. (Take, for example, Louisiana's literacy test administered to "anyone who cannot prove a fifth grade education".) Third, as Justice Ginsburg pointed out in her dissent, there were approximately 1,600 discriminatory voting laws---over 60 per year---created by Section 5-covered jurisdictions from 1982 to 2006; so we're not talking about ancient history. Fourth, the VRA had, and has, provisions that allowed jurisdictions to move from "pre-clearance" to "non-pre-clearance" status, and vice versa, based on their recent history of enforcing voting rights.
As for whether those four justices are racist, I have absolutely no way of knowing if they are, and no interest in making that assertion. To paraphrase the insightful Jay Smooth, "I don't care what they are; I care about what they did."
I was raided in a somewhat different Irish Catholic tradition just outside Boston. Our view of Civil Rights era was shaped by people like Johnny McCormick, the futrue Speaker telling an angry crowd that he always voted for civil rights because he remembered "no Irish need apply" and Cardinal Cushing personally lobbying the state legislature, some say threatening, to pass the State's racial imbalance law, and of course the Kennedys When I returned to school after the summer of 1963, Sr Mary Dermot had quotations from the Dr. King's I had a Dream Speech posted on the bulletin board of her 7th grade classroom. My parents had long supported the idea that all people were equal, a message that was passed on to us in many subtle and outright ways, too. My father, according to family lore at least, told the Presdent of Loyola of New Orleans at a reception for BC alumni in town to attend the 1941 Sugar Bowl, that he should be ashamed as a Catholic to have required segregated seating in the college chapel. He referred to it later as the only time he was ever embarrassed to be a Catholic. (I should note that my father, who was quite a modest gentleman, would never have told this story about himself. It was repeated by his brother who was also in attendance.)
Given that background, I found it difficult to understand that not every Catholic had been raised with similar views. It wasn't until I was a good deal older that I understood that racism was a part of the Irish Catholic tradition and even then I often dismissed it as individual rather than "institutional" so to speak.
From an economic point of view, it is distressing but perhaps not surprising that a historically disadvantaged group like African Americans will be on the receiving end of antipathy from other groups that are nearest them in the economic pecking order. Poor African Americans historically have competed with poor immigrant groups (as the Irish Americans were at one time) for unskilled labor jobs.
This economic factor also accounts in large part, in my view, for the antipathy toward undocumented immigrants by some poor whites - an antipathy that the Republican party hasn't figured out yet how to resist exploiting for political purposes. If not for that antipathy, I believe this round of immigration reform would already have been made law.
I think context was very important to the openness to friendship between blacks and whites when I was in graduate school at Fordham in the late fifties--early sixties. On campus, we had easy, friendly relationships among ourselves, but off campus, I can remember hostile reactions from waiters, acquaintances who were not part of the college community, and even the staff at my apartment house, when they encountered mixed groups of us, having a good time.
Thank you so much, Mr. Hill, for pointing out the suffocatingly comfortable racism white Catholics have embraced since they are now predominant in American middle, upper middle and upper classes. I find their tone-deafness to the social sin of racism largely results from the absence of Catholic social teaching in parishes; I did not know just how "lefty," if you will, published Catholic social teaching really is until I completed the JustFaith program on Catholic social justice. Many Catholics think they have the right to reap the benefits of our unjust political economy, and the envelopes and pledges buy their way to salvation just like Borgia did in the past. The fact that so-called Catholics on the Supreme Court exhibit such racist lack of compassion and respect for Congressional action with gusto is disgusting. Neither Roberts, Scalia, Thomas or Kennedy follow Catholic social teaching. They are ideologues who are attempting to ensure that no person of color will ever be president again.
Perhaps you may wish to see if there is a Catholic Workers community near you. Based on your note, you might find them living out the Catholic teachings that you find well posed. The Franciscan Workers of Junipero Serra, in Salinas CA have wonderful ministries aimed at the issues of justice and love in the Salinas Vallety, which issues are many and deep.


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This is inspired by the theorem mentioned in Why is this theorem attributed to Serre?. But I'm not sure if it's research level. If not, please feel free to vote for closing.
Let $R$ be a ring and let $Mod_R$ be the category of finitely generated $R$-modules.
What are examples of additive integer-valued functions on $Mod_R$, i.e. functions $\lambda: Mod_R \to \mathbb{Z}$ satisfying $\lambda(M) = \lambda(M') + \lambda(M'')$ for short exact sequences $$0 \to M' \to M \to M'' \to 0$$ in $Mod_R$ ?
Two obvious examples that come into my mind are:
- $\lambda(M)=\dim_k M$ if $R=k$ is a field.
- $\lambda(M)=\text{length}(M)$ if $R$ is Artinian.


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I have recently switched from windows 7 to ubuntu 12.10. In ubuntu 12.10 I am using putty to connect to a unix machine remotely where several of my files are stored but editing texts files through the command prompt is tedious in my opinion. How can I configure putty to allow me to run xterms and in turn run software such as emacs (which is installed on the unix machine) to edit files on the unix machine from my ubuntu machine?
In windows an x server is needed such as xMing, is any additional software necessary?


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A 1962 Ford Falcon Recieve A Budget Paint Job - The $98 Paint JobWritten by on July 31, 2007 Contributors: Jorge Nunez With Paint and Materials You'd Never Consider Using on a Car, We Perform the Cheapest Paint Job Ever. And It Looks Good!
One consistent fact of hot-rodding life is that getting a decent paint job on a car is costly and incredibly time-consuming. The materials and tools are expensive, and even with ample time many people possess neither the patience nor the skill to pull off a nice paint job at home. The alternative is to pay someone else, and that means shelling out huge dollars for nice paint or medium-sized bucks for a quickie, one-day deal that is often of lower quality than you'd hoped for. Every member of the HOT ROD staff has gone through the process so many times before that the phrase "budget paint job" is thought of as an oxymoron. But we've just been proven wrong.
For the past couple of years a rumor has been circulating around the Internet that there is a way to paint your car using common enamel paint and-get this-a roller, and end up with a car that's as slick as a traditional spray job. After a good full-body cringe, our curiosity took over and we began digging around to find out more about the legend of the roller paint job. The search eventually led us back to a post on the Moparts.com (www.moparts.com) message board that had been on going for a year and a half with over 100 pages. Basically the story goes that common Rust-Oleum (or Tremclad in Canada), when thinned to an extreme, can be applied to a car with high-density foam rollers, and after several layers, a few sessions of wet-sanding, and some quality time with a high-speed buffer, the final result is a very presentable paint job with a tiny monetary investment. We read the whole post and it still sounded like little more than urban legend-but a few guys had posted photos of their excellent results and it made us reconsider. Could it actually be true? There was only one way to find out, so we selected a victim from the dozen or so cars loitering behind the HOT ROD shop and prepared to put the theory to the test.
As you will see here, it works. The end result blows the minds of anyone who sees the car, and you'd never guess in a million years that it was painted with Rust-Oleum, a roller, and a few spray cans. Be advised, however, that there was plenty of elbow grease used on this project. Any paint job, even the high-end type that comes out of a gun and paint booth, requires loads of pre-prep to get the body straight and a considerable amount of post-paint work to color-sand and buff the paint to its highest gloss. This method is no different-but man, you can't beat the price.
|Would we do it again? Being on an editorial deadline can suck the fun out of a project like this, but without that hanging over our heads we'd have to say that the experience was enjoyable. You just need realistic expectations. If you want a perfect show car glossy paint job, this isn't for you. On the other hand, if you want a paint job that's cheap and will still get you thumbs-ups on the road, it's a great way to get some color on that project you've been putting off because it's difficult to justify the expenditure on paint. We'll definitely admit that the finish isn't ideal for all types of cars, but on this car we'd absolutely do it again.
Day 1
DAY 1 Cont'd
Day 4
Day 8
Day 9
Day 10
|How Much Did It Cost?
One of our pet peeves is a magazine story that touts something like a $98 paint job, but reading between the lines reveals mutiple freebies or parts that "just happened to be lying around" that were never tallied in the total cost. That sorta happened here, but we've accounted for everything needed to finish the paint job and makeover below. We painted the car at the HOT ROD shop, the scene of several paint stories over the years, so we had some tools already which were not included in the total cost of the paint job, but factor them in if you're starting from scratch. Our Falcon needed some bodywork that other cars may not, so "your price may vary," but here's our cost breakdown.
|Paint Job Supplies
|2 quarts Rust-Oleum Stops Rust Canvas White @ $7.97 each
|1 gallon straight mineral spirits
|4-inch high-density foam rollers
|1-inch foam touch-up brush
|Sandpaper: P150 and P320 (amount will vary depending upon your car's finish and your ambition)
|Per pack, 3.99
|Wet sandpaper P600 and P1200
|Per pack, 3.99
|Painter's masking tape
|Norton Liquid Ice
|Wool medium cutting bonnet
|Foam finishing bonnet
|ToolsWe used our Dura-Block kit from Eastwood since we had it, but basic long and/or short blocks available from a local parts store will work just fine.
|Dura-Block kit
|Individual blocks
|High-speed buffer: Makita sander/polishers like ours are pricey, but you can buy polishers that will get the job done as cheap as $30, and you can also rent one from a tool supply shop. If you have a random orbital buffer or dual-action sander, it can be used with the right pads.
|Low-Buck Makeover
In addition to the paint job, we also wanted to give the Falcon a bit of a makeover with some scallops, pinstripes, a better stance, and wheels and tires as well as fresh chrome on the bumpers. If you'd like to copy us, here's what the makeover cost:
|Low-Buck Makeover Supplies
|Bumper straighten and rechrome (Vernes Chrome)
|2 cans of Rust-Oleum Stops Rust Sunrise Red spray paint @ $3.94 each
|Tires: Coker Classic 650-13 2-1/4-inch whitewalls @ $119 each
|Cut front springs: Free with Auto Zone tool rental spring compressor, plus cost of one cut-off wheel assuming you have a grinder.
|3-inch rear leaf spring blocks (eBay)
|Custom-bent 9-inch-long 7/16-inch U-bolts (Rite-Way Axle)
|Evercoat 415 Metal Glaze 24 oz.
|Dearborn Classics quarter patch panels:
2 front sections @129.95 each
Rear sections @119.95 each
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
When spraying a car on the quick, it's easy to just mask off trim and go for it. The ultra-thinned paint we'll be rolling on will result in lots of drips and runs initially, though, so it's best to remove all the trim to avoid heavy buildup in the cracks and crevices.While this method is far more forgiving than traditional techniques for laying down paint, it's still true that the quality of the preparation and the surface you begin with will always have a big effect upon the final appearance of the paint job. Here's where the process will differ depending upon the car you begin with. Technically, if the body is smooth and the paint already on the car is a good base, you could get away with just roughing it up with fine-grade sandpaper or Scotch-Brite pads. Our finish was far from desirable, with several dings and dents to fix as well as some rust to patch. We attacked the paint with sanding blocks and 150-grit to cut through the layers, then followed with 320-grit. In general it's not a good idea to go finer than that since enamel needs some surface texture to adhere to. We used our Dura-Block kit and adhesive paper from Eastwood Tools that we had lying around from previous paint stories, but generic auto parts store block and paper will work just as well.Since we already had it apart, we elected to give the Falcon a budget facelift. We began by ridding it of its grandma-sedan flair, shaving not only the side emblems, antenna, and fender-mounted gun sights, but also the F-O-R-D emblem on the hood. If you have a basic MIG welder handy, it's little more than carefully filling in the small holes by tacking in scrap sheetmetal and then grinding the finish smooth. If you don't have a welding machine, or a buddy with one, any body shop can do this cheaply for you. We're not the greatest welders, so we followed with a small amount of metal glaze to make the fender perfectly smooth.Since we planned to return most of the trim to the car, we spent some time straightening the knee-bashed grille. There's no trick here, just slow, steady pressure using your thumb. The grille's original arc (rather than straight bars) made it easier to get everything back in shape.This is likely the simplest masking job you'll ever do. Once you have the car's surface prepped to be as smooth as you'd like, simply tape over the areas you don't want to hit with the roller.Here's our basic paint supply list. Our thinner was chosen because it's 100 percent mineral spirits rather than a dilution and was reportedly the preferred thinner, though our test with the more common odorless mineral spirits showed no difference in the result. The rollers are high-density foam meant for smooth finishes and are usually sold in 4-inch sizes. Rust-Oleum is designed to be compatible with paint or bare metal, so we didn't bother using a primer.Straight Rust-Oleum is a very thick, slow-moving paint, so it needs to be thinned out with a solvent to allow it to flow and level over the car. There's really no specific ratio for thinning the paint. Basically what you're looking for is a consistency somewhere between melted ice cream and vitamin D milk, which is roughly in the neighborhood of 40 to 50 percent thinning. Shoot for a paint that's thin enough to flow, but not so thin that it all falls off the car. Don't sweat over this step too much; we never measured, and testing showed that plus or minus a little on the consistency didn't affect the outcome.That first roll is by far the worst part, and the finish that greets you immediately afterward will likely make you want to reconsider the whole affair, but keep the faith!No less than a million bubbles and runs will put your heart in your throat, but it's all part of the process. Ignore the runs; they'll mostly take care of themselves, and many of the bubbles will pop on their own. We chose to help them along with a very light gust from an air gun on our compressor. You can accomplish the same by gently blowing on them.
At the end of the first coat your car should look something like this. Frightening, we know, but have patience. You should be able to see the bare metal or original color; if not, then the first coat was too thick. Also notice that while still visible, most of the runs have flattened themselves out somewhat. It's debatable how long the paint actually needs to set before it's ready for a recoat, but we erred on the side of caution and used the standard Rust-Oleum 24-hour recommendation.Day three is essentially a repeat of the day two process. After wiping the car down with a tack cloth or a clean towel to remove dust, roll on another thin layer, gently blowing out the bubbles as you go. The paint is tacky for 6-7 hours, so a little reminder sign to keep people away doesn't hurt. It's definitely beginning to look more respectable, but coverage is still thin.Now it's time to get down to some real work. The basic formula that appears to have worked for others is to knock down the inherent runs and orange peel between every other coat by wet-sanding with 600-grit paper. Technically you can skip this step, but you'll only be playing catchup later to smooth the finish. No need to buy a special sanding block; ours is just a piece of 3/8-inch-thick rubber that we cut to size. Take care when wet-sanding, especially around edges and peaks where the paint is thinnest. The idea is to remove as little material as is necessary; otherwise you'll only need more coats.Make sure to keep the surface wet and to rinse the paper often to avoid clogging it with paint. A bucket of water nearby or a spray bottle works well. Wipe off the area occasionally as well to clear away the residue and determine if you've cut through the texture. The sides of the car were by far the worst part for us.Once you've gotten the surface smooth, dry the car thoroughly and let it sit for a while to ensure that all the moisture has evaporated before the next coat.Once it's dry you're ready for coat number three. We're starting to get some decent coverage already.There's a lot of time to kill between coats, so to keep busy we yanked the neglected wheels and sanded them down by hand to ready them for a fresh coat of Rust-Oleum spray paint. The Sunrise Red should contrast nicely with the creamy Canvas White on the car and give it a little more character. We didn't bother masking off the ancient tires since we're replacing them.
Day 6 Time for another day of wet-sanding. This time we were greeted with less orange peel on the horizontal surfaces but still plagued with heavy texture on the sides of the car. We had to balance between sanding the paint smooth and maintaining thickness. Once the Falcon dried we applied coat number five, and the immediate smoothness and shine we were getting from new coats was encouraging us to think this might actually work.Day 7 Some members of the Moparts.com message board reported seven to eight coats before getting total coverage. Since we had chosen a color that was similar to our Falcon's original hue, we were getting complete coverage after the sixth coat. Looks like we're ready for final sanding tomorrow.The dry coat had such a nice shine we hated to have to sand it. We had hoped to jump right to 1,500-grit for the finishing sanding, but had to resort to 600-grit in some places, especially the sides, to cut the texture, then follow with 1,500-grit.With the last round of wet-sanding finished, we decided to throw on the repainted wheels and our new set of Coker 650-13 wide whitewall tires to see how close our spring guesstimates were. Not bad at all-we hit exactly the look we wanted. Actually, if you're into an aged or satin finish you could call it a day at this point. We still planned to buff it, but we were digging the Falcon's new vibe, and the gears started turning on how to instill a bit more attitude on the cheap.We called up our friend Brian Ferre, a custom painter who teaches classes at both Los Angeles Trade Technical College and Cerritos College and asked if he would help us lay some vintage-style scallops and pinstriping on the Falcon. He agreed, provided we allowed him to use it as a demonstration for some of his advanced students. Brian laid out the scallops freehand using pinstripe tape, then Jason Park, Omar Benitez, and Vince Martinez made quick work of wrapping the rest of the car. You can lay out your own basic scallops with a little time and careful measuring.You thought we were going to use real automotive paint? Not a chance. The scallops gotta match the wheels, so we used the same Sunrise Red Rust-Oleum spray paint to apply three coats of color. The spray paint laid down remarkably nicely and with very little orange peel.Back at the HOT ROD shop we're loving the Falcon's new identity and are anxious to buff out the paint. Typically you'll want to give the paint four to fivedays to fully dry before you attempt to buff it, but since there was a deadline looming we cheated and had Brian bake the paint at 160 degrees for an hour twice to speed things up.Whether you use a high-speed rotary buffer, a random-orbit, or a modified DA, you'll need two separate bonnets to buff and polish the paint. The first is a medium-strength wool bonnet that will remove the sanding marks, and the other is a foam bonnet that will bring out the shine.For our compound we used Norton's Liquid Ice system, which we'll use on both bonnets. The stuff isn't cheap, but the bottle goes a long way. If you can't find it at a local paint shop, avoid the explanation and just ask for polish appropriate for synthetic enamel paint. Most auto parts stores also have a selection of polishing compounds and swirl removers that will probably work just as well.
Put some safety glasses on, turn on the radio, and settle in, 'cause there are several hours of buffing and polishing to go. Norton's recommended we use around 1,000-1,200 rpm for the buffing pad and about 1,500 rpm for the polishing. Follow the instructions on your specific compound for best results. This is the step that will also tell you how good or bad your wet-sanding was. Keep a bucket and some paper nearby because you'll likely be doing touch-ups as you go. We spent pretty much a full day on our paint until we were happy with the results.The finished car has plenty of flaws compared to a well-sprayed job, but it's a major step up from where we started. We'd rank the finish several notches above the typical quickie one-day budget deals. Honestly, for less than $25 in paint it's hard to fault it too much. With the new stance and attitude the Falcon makes a great impression overall, but we'd say it's really a 4- to 5-foot paint job. If you're a real perfectionist, trying to get it flawless will drive you crazy.So there it is: For a total of $1,590.45, we performed a quickie makeover on a tired little driver and made a fun cruiser. Subtract the pricey wide-whites, the bumper chrome, and the necessary patch panels on our rusty Falcon, we're really only looking at $164.65 in supplies and a couple of weeks of time. Totally worth it, we think. Hindsight is always 20/20, and there are a few things we'd change stylewise if we could go back (like abbreviating the scallops around the front wheel lips), but nothing that we think particularly grates. What do you think? We can take it; send your thoughts to us at firstname.lastname@example.com.Fixing the holes
Forget what the song says, because it does rain in Southern California. Our little Falcon had spent most of its life a few blocks from the shore in Newport Beach, and once the sunshine had worked its magic on the window gaskets and created some 1/4-inch-wide cracks, the rain and morning dew flowed right down into the quarter-panels, leaving nice gaping holes. Fortunately, Dearborn Classics had patch panels available to reconstruct the wheel arch. Rather than installing the entire patches, we only cut out what we needed to patch the holes and reconstruct the wheel lip, but clean steel with the right bodylines makes the job infinitely easier.


text:
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Cameron Wall Library Base Set
- Overview
This elevated solid wood base gives our Cameron storage system an open stance for a spacious feel. It houses a roomy solid wood drawer crafted with English dovetail joinery for structural integrity. The area below the base provides out-of-the-way storage for low baskets or other items.
- 29" wide x 21" deep x 15.5" high
- Built from solid wood, birch veneers and MDF (medium density fibreboard), an engineered wood that lends exceptional strength and ensures structural integrity over time.
- Expertly crafted of kiln-dried wood and MDF.
- Base features a drawer for additional storage.
- Drawer features English dovetail joinery.
- Wood swatches, below, are available for $20 each. We will provide a merchandise refund for wood swatches if they're returned within 30 days.
- Assembly required.
- View and compare all available finishes at Furniture Finish Guide.
- Dimensions & Care
- Rigorously tested to meet or exceed the highest safety standards.
- The use of veneers results in high-quality furniture with flawless surfaces and consistent color tones.
- Crafted with mortise-and-tenon joinery for structural integrity.
- Drawers feature English dovetail joinery, and waxed wooden glides, which ensure smooth motion. Sturdy half-moon safety stops keep drawers securely in place.
- Our finishes were developed exclusively for Pottery Barn Kids. Craftsmen carefully paint our soft White finish in layers for a smooth, opaque surface. Sun Valley pieces feature a dry-brush technique that mottles the color while it's still wet to reveal the wood's textural grain. All finishes are sealed with a final coat of lacquer for extra durability.
- Get tips on how to measure for furniture.
- Overall: 29" wide x 21" deep x 15.5" high
- Drawer: 27 " wide x 17.5" deep x 2.5" high
- Weight: 51 pounds
- Dust with a soft, dry cloth.
- To protect the finish, do not apply abrasives or household cleaners.
- Blot spills immediately, and wipe with a clean, damp cloth.
- Shipping & Return Info
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At Pottery Barn Kids, we take great pride in the quality and craftsmanship of our products. Attention to design, materials, safety and construction is our priority. We carefully inspect your order prior to shipment; upon receipt, please inspect your purchase and notify us of any damage. We will arrange for a prompt replacement. If, within 7 days for Quick Ship upholstery and 30 days for all other products, you are dissatisfied for any reason, you may return your purchase for a refund of the merchandise value.
If your return for Merchandise Credit Cards is greater than $10,000, we will issue $10,000 in Merchandise Credit Cards to you that day, and then mail additional Merchandise Credit Card(s) for the amount in excess of $10,000 to you.
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The outside material is 100% Flannel, the inside is 100% Polyester. The Lining inside is a soft fleece that feels like heaven! The bottoms include a non-skid sole so you won't slip on the hardwood floors. Footies are machine washable. Sizes Run as Follows: Small (9-10), Medium (11-12), Large (13/1) and X-Large (2/3).
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Unsuggester takes "people who like this also like that" and turns it on its head. It analyzes the ninety million books LibraryThing members have recorded as owned or read, and comes back with books least likely to share a library with the book you suggest. The unsuggestions come from LibraryThing data, not from Amazon. LibraryThing also produces great suggestions.
UnSuggestions for The Passion of Jesus Christ by John Piper
3,140 members; 9 reviews; average rating 4.04 stars.
People with this book also have... (more obscure)
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text:
New version of PTGui:
Version 9.0.2 with some fixes and new options :
PTGui Viewer: supports gyroscope navigation on the iPhone 4. Look around in the panorama as if you are really there by rotating the phone.
PTGui Viewer: on touchscreen devices (iPad/iPhone/iPod) panoramas are now navigated by swiping instead of drag and hold
PTGui Viewer (Publish to Website tool) now supports WebGL. This means that Flash is not required to view panoramas in the Safari browser, Chrome 9 browser and the upcoming Firefox 4 browser.
PTGui Viewer: the Full Screen button can be hidden, or it can be shown only when using Flash
PTGui Viewer: double click to switch to full screen mode
PTGui Viewer: increased default size limit for Apple mobile devices to 4.5 megapixels; recent versions of Apple iOS can safely handle panoramas of this size.
PTGui Viewer: Fix: on Apple mobile devices the panorama was shown at only a low resolution, until the user switched to fullscreen display
PTGui Viewer: Fix: entering a negative value for autorotate speed (to rotate towards the left) resulted in an error message
Publish to Website window now remembers last used settings
'Physically rotate images with EXIF Orientation tag' checkbox now works for most raw formats (previously this was ignored when loading raw images)
PTGui now also loads GPS metadata from most raw images
Added support (through dcraw) for raw images with the .3fr (Hasselblad) and .sr2 (Sony) formats
Fix: Exposure and color adjustment: Vignetting curve would be reset to a straight line even if 'Keep Current' was selected
Fix: Windows: 'Out of memory error (case 4)' when writing large JPEG files
Fix: Mac: Keyboard shortcuts such as Cmd+D for the Don't Save button are functioning again
Fix: Mac: Cmd+A in 'Add Images' dialog selects all files
Fix: Mac: OS X would refuse to shut down if PTGui was running
Fix: Mac: Possible crash when quitting PTGui
Fix: Mac: Optimizer would fail to run while editing a value in the Image Parameters tab
Fix: Mac: possible crash when clicking File - Apply Template and moving the mouse
Fix: for certain cameras RAW images would be rotated even if the rotation sensor of the camera was disabled
Greetings Johan


text: Whether you walk, run, race or ramble, the New Balance NX510 is the perfect partner. First, it tracks your speed, distance, pace, steps and estimated calories burned. Then after you're done, its Workout Memory feature lets you review your results so you can monitor your progress and maintain your personal goals. Added features include customizable display presets in workout mode, 3-line multi-view with alternative display presets, stainless steel bezel and a water resistance rating to 50M.


text:
Does anyone know of any information/work on this sum? I found absolutely nothing on the web about it.
This would be $P(2)$, where $P$ is the "prime zeta function," q.v.
A couple of very old references are C. W. Merrifield, The Sums of the Series of Reciprocals of the Prime Numbers and of Their Powers, Proc. Roy. Soc. London 33 (1881) 4–10. doi:10.1098/rspl.1881.0063. JSTOR 113877
J. W. L. Glaisher, On the Sums of Inverse Powers of the Prime Numbers, Quart. J. Math. 25 (1891) 347–362.
EDIT: A more recent source is Steven R Finch, Mathematical Constants, page 95: The sum of the squared reciprocals of primes is $$N=\sum_p{1\over p^2}=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}{\mu(k)\over k}\log(\zeta(2k))=0.4522474200\dots$$


text: It's good to see Joel Spolsky weighing in on the question of the inadequacies of computer science education. When Joel on Software talks, people listen. It's a great article, of course -- so many of his articles are great -- but here's the essential quote: "Where are students supposed to learn... Read more


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6 May 2012 8:54 PM #1
Facing problem in JSON encoding and decoding using DirectJNgine
We are evaluating DirectJNgine for server side stack for ExtJs 4.1 and we are not able to find answers of following queries in case of Json encoding decoding by using DJN:
- When we actually need to write our own Json encoding decoding code while we can easily use Ext.Data.DirectStore for directly sending client side data to server side and vice-a-versa.
- Is it necessary to write inner static class for serialization and deserialization for each of the complex object like UserDetail object in subclass of DefaultGsonBuilderConfigurator.java.
- Is it needed to write serialization-deserialization logic in inner static classes of the class that is subclass of the DefaultGsonBuilderConfigurator.java or we can write these logic in non static inner classes.
- Suppose we have written separate inner static classes for serialization and deserialization of two objects like Date and UserDetail and using these inner static classes in configure() method as follows:
builder.registerTypeAdapter( Date.class, new JsonDateSerializer() ); builder.registerTypeAdapter( UserDetail.class, new JsonUserDetailSerializer() );
14 May 2012 1:28 AM #2
You might want to do that to handle things such as Dates. Dates are not a first-class type in JSON, so you must decide how they will be handled, and write your encoders/decoders accordingly. While DJN might impose a format, I choose to be neutral and not to impose a format to DJN users.Pedro Agulló, Barcelona (Spain) - pagullo.soft.dev at gmail.com
Agile team building, consulting, training & development
DirectJNgine: http://code.google.com/p/directjngine - Log4js-ext: http://www.softwarementors.com/projects/p/log4js-ext/
15 May 2012 12:21 AM #3
But manual serialization - deserialization needed in case of complex object in DJN
On the basis of your statement as follows:You should *very* rarely need to write custom encoders/decoders, DJN takes care of everything 99% of the time.
Javascript code:Code:
Ext.onReady(function(){ var aDate = {year: 2005, month: 3, day: 20}; var userJson = {name: 'Jitendra', age: 3, city: 'Delhi'}; var companies = [ { "id": "17", "name": "Emkay Entertainments", "address": "Nobel House, Regent Centre", "manager": { "firstName": "John", "lastName": "Doe" }, "employees": [ { "firstName": "Brian", "lastName": "Hunt" }, { "firstName": "Mick", "lastName": "Henning" } ] }, { "id": "18", "name": "The Empire", "address": "Milton Keynes Leisure Plaza", "manager": { "firstName": "Ana", "lastName": "Johnsnon" }, "employees": [ { "firstName": "Erick", "lastName": "O'Neil" }, { "firstName": "George", "lastName": "Halloway" } ] } ]; Ext.Direct.addProvider( Ext.app.REMOTING_API ); //testing with custom hierarchical json object for serialization and deserialization CompanyAction.getCompanyDetail(companies, function(result, e) { var t = e.getTransaction(); alert(result.name); }); CompanyAction.test("jks",null, function(result, e) { var t = e.getTransaction(); }); });
1) CompanyAction.java --- exposed java class
package company; import java.util.ArrayList; import com.softwarementors.extjs.djn.config.annotations.DirectMethod; public class CompanyAction { @DirectMethod public ArrayList<Company> getCompanyDetail(ArrayList<Company> companies){ if(companies.size()>0) System.out.println("company name = "+companies.get(0).getName()); return companies; } @DirectMethod public String test(String a, String b){ return "tested"; } }
package company; import java.util.ArrayList; public class Company { private String id; private String name; private String address; private Manager manager; private ArrayList<Employee> employees;
3) Employee.java
package company; public class Employee { private String firstName; private String lastName; //code for getters and setters }
package company; public class Manager { private String firstName; private String lastName; //code for getters and setters }
Actually, this issue has become a bottleneck in our evaluation process and due to this some of our team members are suggesting DWR as alternate solution.
So, please if there is any configuration based approach or annotation based approch to solve this issue, then suggest me.
15 May 2012 5:13 AM #4
When it comes to serialization/deserialization and all json handling, GSON is THE library in charge of it all: that's the one you should become familiar with. You will want to take a look at the documentation in http://sites.google.com/site/gson/gson-user-guide to use DJN beyond trivial scenarios.
The issue you are experiencing is related to you using generic collections (that List). There is a problem with Java generics and type erasure that hinders GSon (very clearly explained in their doc, you'll want to take a look at it). I usually walk around this problem by recommending to use arrays as much as possible in the DTOs that move things to/from your business layer to the UI layer (Javascript), as they do not suffer from the limitations of generic collections.
With respect to how to control what fields are serialized/deserialized, look for ''transient', @Expose' and 'ExclusionStrategy' in that document: you'll find that you have absolute control over serialization.
If you plan to bypass DTOs and want to move business objects up and down via json you'll find other issues that will bite you, beyond the generics collections one. These issues include handling polymorphism at the client level, or controlling when to stop serialization of the business model so that you do not pull the whole object structure from your app and send it to the client.
Using DTOs is not that bad of an idea because they clearly delineate what and what is not transferred, and allows one to embed contextual information that you simply can't pass as part of the business objects.
To skip intermediate DTOs there might be a need to find a good solution for handling those issues without contaminating your business objects. I know because I have collaborated to develop such a thing with some customers.
Of course this is not a 'one size fits all' thing, whether using DTOs, business objects 'as-is' or devising some smart way to handle business object makes sense, depends on the kind of app you are developing.
RegardsPedro Agulló, Barcelona (Spain) - pagullo.soft.dev at gmail.com
Agile team building, consulting, training & development
DirectJNgine: http://code.google.com/p/directjngine - Log4js-ext: http://www.softwarementors.com/projects/p/log4js-ext/
16 May 2012 8:36 PM #5
Hi Pagullo,
Thank you very much for your quick response. it is very helpful for me and following your idea likeThe issue you are experiencing is related to you using generic collections (that List). There is a problem with Java generics and type erasure that hinders GSon (very clearly explained in their doc, you'll want to take a look at it).
1) CompanyAction.java ---- Our exposed class
package company; import java.util.ArrayList; import com.google.gson.JsonArray; import com.google.gson.JsonObject; import com.google.gson.annotations.Expose; import com.softwarementors.extjs.djn.config.annotations.DirectMethod; public class CompanyAction { @DirectMethod public Company[] getCompanyDetail(Company[] companies) { return companies; } @DirectMethod public Companies test(){ return new Demo1().getEmployeeInfo(); } }
package company; import java.util.ArrayList; public class Company { public String id; public String name; public String address; public Manager manager; public Employee[] employees; }