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Comet Lovejoy Workshop Homepage
March 21-22, 2012
Boulder, Colorado, USA
UCAR Center Green FL2 (Click for directions)
On Dec 16, 2011, the recently discovered comet C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy) became instantly famous. Comet Lovejoy not only survived perihelion but its journey around the Sun was chronicled by a dizzying array of solar and astrophysical missions. There is much to be learned from this and other members of the Kreutz sungrazing family, but the only sure way to maximize the return is to bring different science communities together.
This two-day workshop is for those willing to put in hard work and bring serious, thoughtful discussion to the table. It is imagined that collaborations will be established that will possibly survive until the next surviving sungrazer.
With registration, you will have access to a collaborative wiki site that will be used to share data and ideas prior to and probably during and after the workshop.
Registration Fee $50 (Click here for Registration )
Select "Comet Lovejoy Workshop" from the pull down menu.
We have not made any special arrangements with local hotels. The most convenient access to the conference facility is from the Marriott Residence Inn Boulder, located at 3030 Center Green Drive. A very short walk to the conference site.
Agenda (Tentative)
Wednesday, March 21
08:30-12:00 Introductory/plenary talks
08:30-08:50 Introduction
08:50-09:30 Comets in general (A'Hearn)
09:30-10:05 Sungrazers (Knight)
10:05-10:35 -Break-
10:35-11:10 Near-Sun & corona environment (Schrijver)
11:10-11:35 Dust and mass loss from comets I (Lisse)
11:35-12:00 Dust and mass loss from comets II (Brown)
12:00-13:00 -Lunch-
13:00-14:30 Observation summaries (Session coordinator: Biesecker)
13:00-13:20 LASCO and STEREO observations (Battams)
13:20-13:40 Non-Sun observing instruments (Knight)
13:40-14:00 SDO/AIA observations (Schrijver)
14:00-14:15 X-ray observations (Saar)
14:15-14:30 Other near-Sun comets (Jones)
14:30-15:10 Orbital considerations: expected vs. observed (Session coordinator: St. Hillaire)
14:30-14:40 Orbit determination through coronagraph observations (Battams)
14:40-15:00 Determining the orbit of Lovejoy (Chodas)
15:00-15:10 Comparing EUV positions and extrapolated orbit data of Lovejoy (Saint-Hilaire)
15:30-16:50 Mass loss, sublimation, fragmentation (Session coordinators: Brown & Lisse)
Contributions from: Chodas, Jone, Keller, Weissman
including Mass Loss and Dust Morphology from STEREO A&B Images (Chodas)
16:50-18:00 Interpretation of spectral observations (Session coordinator: Raymond)
16:50-17:10 UV Spectra (Raymond)
17:10-17:30 Optical spectra of historical sungrazers (Knight)
17:30-17:50 Optical magnitudes in white light vs a narrow orange filter (Lamy)
17:50-18:00 Discussion
Thursday, March 22
08:30-09:30 Emission mechanisms (Session coordinator: Bryans)
08:30-08:50 X-ray and UV emission from charge exchange (Bodewits)
08:50-09:10 EUV emission detected by AIA (Bryans)
09:10-09:30 Discussion
09:50-11:30 (MHD of the) Corona-tail interactions (Session coordinator: Schrijver)
09:50-10:05 Observations in the context of coronal MHD (Liu)
10:05-10:25 Sun-comet plasma interactions (Jia)
10:25-10:45 How might we learn about the corona from sungrazing comets (Linker)
10:45-11:05 Solar wind speed from the tail of Lovejoy (Jones)
11:05-11:25 Multi-directional observations of the tail features with EUVI and AIA (Battams)
11:25-11:45 Discussion
11:45-12:15 Expectations for future sungrazers (Session coordinator: Knight)
11:45-12:00 Dynamical history of the sungrazers (Weissman)
12:00-12:15 Expectations for future sungrazers based on historical observations (Knight)
12:15-13:15 -Lunch-
13:15-15:00 Summary of discussions and presentations, and
discussion of the new avenues opened by comets in corona
panel of coordinators: St. Hillaire+ Brown/Lisse + Raymond + Bryans
+ Schrijver/ ...[TBC] + Knight
15:00-16:30 Discussion and plans for the scientific analysis of the observed events +
Plans for future observing of sungrazers approaching the Sun
Session coordinator/speaker/summarizer: Knight
contribution from Weissman
16:30-17:00 Meeting summary and plans for the future
Session coordinator/speaker/summarizer:
Schrijver <coronal physics>
Lisse <cometary physics>
Raymond <emission mechanisms>
Science Organizing Committee
John Raymond
Karel Schrijver
Doug Biesecker
Matthew Knight
Carey Lisse
Dean Pesnell
Local Organizing Committee
Doug Biesecker
Scott McIntosh
Amir Caspi
Ransom Christofferson
Wendy Hawkins


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Not sure if there is a specific, objective answer to this question but I get the same everything I want to buy a piece of hardware and try to check if it's Ubuntu / Linux compatible:
Required OS → Microsoft Windows 7 (32/64 bits), Microsoft Windows Vista (32/64 bits), Microsoft Windows XP (only 32 bits), Mac OS X 10.6.2 or higher, 10.5.6 or higher, 10.4.11 or higher
Thing is, the product usually does work flawlessly with Ubuntu. Why don't these people even mention that in the product specifications? Why do they always make it harder for the (admittedly small) Linux-using part of the population who want to buy their products?
It's not like including that information somewhere would cost them money, would it?

subset: commoncrawl


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I have aliases defined on my
.zshrc file that I commonly use when I am on a
gnome-terminal. However, when I am on
M-x shell on Emacs, the autocompletion does not find them (even though they still work).
Is this a limitation of the Emacs subshell? Are there any known workarounds to this problem?


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It's now seven years since Kate released her first single, 'Caroline's a Victim', and now she's back in 2013 with her third album, Girl Talk, a bold, passionate and personal album, plus a brand new UK headline tour.
Kate Nash
With her first two albums, 2007's Made of Bricks and 2010's My Best Friend Is You, Kate Nash found both mainstream success and a legion of young female fans who snapped her up as their very own post-punk feminist icon. She was a MySpace phenomenon before she even had a record deal - such was the excitement about her debut album that Made of Bricks was released two months ahead of schedule and went straight to No. 1.
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Website: 53degrees.net
Phone: 01772 893000
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→ Preston (Lancs) 8 min walk


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I want to enable screen timeout and locking when my laptop is located in the LAN of my company and I want to disable this when I'm at home. For location detection I use whereami with a simple detection like this:
default unknown
testdhcp '172.16.*.*' work
testdhcp '192.168.36.*' home
Now I need to set the corresponding settings when I enter or leave the "work" network. But I have problems finding out where Gnome stores this stuff. I already found out where to toggle the "Lock" button in the screen configuration dialog. I do it like this in the whereami configuration:
!work su -c "dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/screensaver/lock-enabled false" k
=work su -c "dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/screensaver/lock-enabled true" k
This works so far. But I also need to configure the "Turn off after" setting in the screen configuration dialog. I found these three keys in dconf which are influences by it:
But when I change them manually then it doesn't work and the screen dialog doesn't read the new value either. So I guess there are more keys I have to change but I can't find them (I search feature in this new dconf stuff would be nice).
So what settings have I to change to disable/enable the screen timeout?


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What's up with 59 percent of white Catholics?
A new Pew survey shows "modest decline" in support for the death penalty, with 55 percent of U.S. adults saying they favor it for people convicted of murder and 37 percent opposing, as opposed to 62 percent favoring and 31 percent opposing in 2011, the last time Pew asked the question.
Any drop comes as good news for those opposed to capital punishment, but as usual the drill-downs turn up the interesting information. Take race: Many more whites (63 percent) continue to support the death penalty than do Hispanics (40 percent) or African Americans (36 percent). Or religion-and-race: 67 percent of white evangelical Protestants and 64 percent of white mainline Protestants support the death penalty; for Hispanic Catholics and black Protestants, support is 37 and 33 percent, respectively. And white Catholics? Support for capital punishment is higher than the overall number, at 59 percent.
However you slice it—"more than half" of white Catholics or "nearly six in ten" or "three-fifths" or "half again as much as Hispanic Catholics"—59 percent looks like a pretty high number. Maybe stubbornly high? In 2011, the number was 61 percent. A two-point drop over three years—vs. a twenty-point collapse of support among Hispanic Catholics (from 57 percent) in the same period.
For Slate's Jamelle Bouie, the racial disparity in death-penalty support doesn't get the attention it should; he also notes that "religion—or at least Protestantism—tends to increase the divide" (as he further frames it, white Catholics are "the least likely among religious whites to support capital punishment," which may come as cold comfort). "It sounds glib," Bouie concludes, "but if you needed a one-word answer to why whites are so supportive of the death penalty, 'racism' isn't a bad choice." Responding in the Washington Post, Andrew Gelman says death-penalty support isn't about race so much as it is about politics: "Whites have become more politically conservative, but that's not the same as becoming more racist. … [C]apital punishment has become a partisan attitude, associated with general conservatism," which among whites is on the rise "not just in the south but in other parts of the country as well."
I'm not sure either explanation gets completely to the heart of it, and it's probably not helpful to think of it in such binary fashion anyway. So if there are other factors involved, what could they be? And how might they be at work when it comes to that 59 percent in particular?
About the Author
Dominic Preziosi is Commonweal's digital editor.
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Unless you see a further breakdown by region it's hard to interpret. When assessing white support for Obama, the difference between regions was stark -- it hovered between 45% and 52% (or thereabouts) in the Northeast, Midwest and West, but was no better than 30% in the South. In Pennsylvania, my home state, Romney won 55% of whites. The HIGHEST percentage of whites in a southern state to support Obama was 35%, in North Carolina.
I would be shocked if you did not see a similar pattern of support for the death penalty by demographic group. And white Catholics, being more likely to live in other parts of the country than the South, are probably showing a regional and not a strictly religious variation.
What's disturbing is that many who are pro-life are also for the death penalty ... maybe it is about political conservatism (and controlling perople and their acts).
Crystal, maybe that's because of the variety of ways people interpret the term "pro-life."
An article a couple years ago about Michigan's long ban on the death penalty adds credence to Barbara's theory that attitudes may be regional: http://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2012/04/why_has_michiga...
I have heard many Christians, including Catholics, cite the Bible in support of the death penalty. In addition, many people believe it is a deterrent, in spite of evidence to the contrary; especially as it is practiced now. I have had discussions with people about that, and some have come back with, "The death penalty is certainly a deterrent to the ones it is applied to!" Which is true. However at an estimated average cost of 1.26 million dollars each time the death penalty is applied, as opposed to something like a third of that for life without parole, one would think fiscal conservatives would find it a poor use of law enforcement dollars. Additionally a sentence for life in prison is much more swift and sure than an average of about 14 years to go through appeals and finally execute someone on death row.
Katherine Nielsen,
I'm not sure how it would deter people like Cameron Todd Willingham, who had the misfortune of having his house start of fire in a jurisdiction with incompetent arson investigators and judicial system, unless they consider nuking everyone a good way to deter crime.
Ryan, I am not advocating the death penalty (which I oppose) as a deterrent. I was discussing reasons why some of the 59% of white Catholics mentioned in the post support it. Yes, the fact that innocent people are sometimes put to death is another reason to oppose it.
I don't personally support the death penalty but I do not agree with the position that there is any irony in supporting the death penalty while opposing abortion. It is very easy to draw a moral line between killing done as a punitive act of justice and the killing of innocent unborn children. People who support the death penalty would also oppose infanticide, murder, and genocide. Does that make them hypocrites? It's entirely consistent to believe that there are certain times when taking a human life is justifiable, but that aborting an unborn child isn't one of them.
And of course, pro-choice Catholics are further out of step with Church teaching then Catholics who support the death penalty, The Church does not condemn capital punishment in all situations for all reasons. This wouldn't make much sense, since the law code of the ancient Hebrews, recorded in the Bible, reccomends death as the punishment for a number of crimes. But the Church does hold that if society can hold itself together without taking lives, it should not use capital punishment. I think this position makes the use of capital punishment in advanced western countries unjustifiable. But there is room for disagreement. The Catholic position on abortion is obviously much more ironclad.
One reason I can see that Catholics- and Chrisitians generally- might be more ready to accept capitol punishment is a belief in moral agency . Many people in the West see justice in purely utilitarian terms- that is in terms of getting criminals off the streets and hopefully rehabilitating them. This sounds good, but one can see a how a utilitarian approach to justice can obscure the fact that a criminal is responsible for his own actions and has committed an immoral act. Some deny this entirely- like Richard Dawkins who sees criminals as being like faulty computers that need to be reprogrammed. I can see this attitude being offensive to many Christians seeing as how it seems to deny moral agency. Thus supporting retributive justice could be seen as an assertion of the reality of moral agency, with capital punishment being sort of an extreme manifestation version of this.
"there are certain times when taking a human life is justifiable"
What bit of the gospels supports that view? I never get how members of a church the founder of which was against violence and who was himself a victim of execution can justify supporting the death penalty.
Warren Patton,
I'd argue that abortion and the death penalty are very different moral issues despite both involving death, so people are not necessarily hypocrites.
I don't think supporting the death penalty reinforces agency but rather the opposite. There seems to be an implicit assumption that the person is incapable of redemption.
In other cases of Catholics, distinctions are made. Catholics who go to Mass once a month, twice a month, twice a year, lapsed, etc. Should not the same criteria be used here?
Isn't it hypocritical for Christians to be against the death penalty? After all, if it weren't for the death penalty we wouldn't have a religion.
But seriously, I do not see any cognitive dissonance in being against abortion (in almost all situations) and in favour of the death penalty (in rare ones). Mostly because the arguments both centre on a legitimate right to self defense. Only the most pacifist interpretation of the Gospels and the Christian message deny the right to self defense. The question then arises when is the death of the aggressor considered 'reasonable force'. I would argue that reasonable force is being used in entopic pregnancies when the death of the child is the result but not the intention of the surgery. In this case, the aggressor is not intentionally aggressive, much like a semi-truck driver might be in a similar situation of 'my life or your' if a car swerves towards him and he must choose between a head on collision (likely causing the death of the other driver) and leaving the road and risking his own life.
Likewise, reasonable force is likewise being used by the state to render a person unable to continue to harm society when other options are not available. In western societies this is almost never necessary except in cases of perhaps terrorism (where a message of hate can continue to be spread and followers incited to commit acts of violence) and with druglords who continue to control the trade and the resulting violence.
In other nations without such a developed penal and justice systems it would be an unfair burden or possibly impossible to expect the society to protect its citizens from serious threats without recourse to the death penalty.
Redemption a wonder but sometime impractical consideration.
Self-defense and resonable force are ideas from Aquinas, not the gospels.
I can understand someone being against the death penlaty but not pro-choice .... if killing people is what is bad, and if fetuses are not thought of as people, then early abortions would not violate non-killing.
"Redemption a wonder but sometime impractical consideration."
Adam, I realize the Church teaches that the death penalty could arguably be used if there were absolutely no other way to protect innocents from a convicted criminal. I'm not sure what you mean by redemption being sometimes impractical.
It is very easy to draw a moral line between killing done as a punitive act of justice and the killing of innocent unborn children.
Warren Patton - I agree with this distinction
At the same time, though, it should also be noted that John Paul II's opposition to the death penalty is rooted in his apprehending that contemporary developed culture is, in many ways, a culture of death. Thus it may be said that the problem of abortion, and the problem of the death penalty in contemporary culture, are both symptoms of a common malaise. The injustices in the death penalty as it is practiced in the United States,which Ryan Rowecamp and Katherine Nielsen point to, might be taken as illustrations. In Illinois, many death row prisoners have subsequently been released, not because of the normal operation of the judicial process, but because of extraordinary interventions by the Center for Wrongful Convictions and other advocates.
John Paul II, of course, brought to the issue his perspective of the death penalty as it was practiced under the totalitarianism of Eastern Europe, which surely was significantly more unjust than the processes in the US.
Pope Francis, who witnessed the "disappearing" of many Argentinians, including priests and religious, has renewed the church's opposition to the death penalty.
Dominic - as a follow-on to my previous comment and also to answer the question posed in your headline: I don't know what surveys reveal as to the reasons that white Catholics don't oppose the death penalty, but my sense is that most white Americans perceive that the death penalty as it is practiced in the US to be fundamentally fair and just. They see it as an exercise in justice. Virtually everyone put to death in the US has been convicted of a heinous crime. In many of those cases, the facts aren't really in dispute.
If I'm right about this, then I wouldn't dispute the conclusion that white Catholic support for the death penalty is an instance of blindness to the culture of death.
The first thing I note about this survey is that, although its authors call the drop in support for the death penalty a "modest decline," about sixteen million US adults have ceased supporting it in a little over two years, and fourteen million more people are now opposed. I would call those changes huge, not modest.
The break-out numbers show clearly that race—I do not say racism—is an important factor in the way the death penalty is perceived. And why would it not be, when study after study shows the disparate application of the death penalty? Proportionately, far more African-Americans are sentenced to death for murdering whites than the other around—and that is almost certainly the result of racism. So one race may see the death penalty as providing some sort of protection, while the other sees it as mostly menacing.
The 59% of white Catholics supporting the death penalty may seem "stubbornly high," but it is quite a bit lower than the comparable figure for white Protestants. Is that because Protestants spend more time in the stonings and abominations parts of the Bible, and Catholics more in the blessed are the merciful parts? Don't know. That would require another survey. But I see a lot of ostensibly religious stuff online that seems more Moloch than Christ.
Another possible explanation for these changes is simply that overall crime rates have been declining for two decades. Maybe people are just less fearful.
Maybe the book "The Innocent Man" by Grisham helped change some people's opinion.
Most whites are far removed fom the reality of how unjust and biased against the poor and people of color the criminal court system is. For instance there is the case of the rich white guy who got three years probation for raping his very young daughter because his privileged background meant that prison would be too harsh for him. But a black woman got 28 years imprisonment for dealing marijuana. in Floruida teh hero of the whites, Zimmer, got off under the "stand your grpound" law. A vblack womman, having shot an intruder in her home (not in her neighborhood) got a steep rison sentence depsite citing the stand your grounf law.
Not that most whites would care about these injustices. As long as they are not affected, or as long as they are favored, many whites will approve.
John McGrath hits on a sad truth. Incarceration rates for African-Americans are almost 6 times that for whites nationwide, for example, so it is far more likely that Blacks will have experience with the "justice" sytem, and will spend time in prison. It is also likely that they will receive harsher sentences. I suspect all this makes you less supportive of such a system. Racism, whether institutional or individual, clearly comes into play. The other thing which comes into play is Conservatism. There is no question that support for the death penalty is simply an article of faith among conservatives. If somenone describes himself or herself as a conservative, you can almost list the items that they believe regardless of whether they've thought about it. (There is a list for liberals as well, by the way). The reality is that the Church's teaching is pretty much irrelevent to this position.
"What bit of the gospels supports that view? I never get how members of a church the founder of which was against violence and who was himself a victim of execution can justify supporting the death penalty."
I don't support the death penalty. I was just saying the two views are not in contradiction. Maybe the death penalty is in contradiction with Christian doctrine but not with pro-life views generally.
"I don't think supporting the death penalty reinforces agency but rather the opposite. There seems to be an implicit assumption that the person is incapable of redemption."
I agree with this. I think that supporters of retributive justice see rehabilitative justice as immoral and deterministic, but I don't agree with that view. I was just trying to get into their heads.
"there are certain times when taking a human life is justifiable"
What bit of the gospels supports that view?
There is this, which suggests both that the death penalty is just, and that the fruits of redemption are available even to those who have committed grave crimes:
Now one of the criminals hanging there reviled Jesus, saying, "Are you not the Messiah? Save yourself and us."
The other, however, rebuking him, said in reply, "Have you no fear of God, for you are subject to the same condemnation?
And indeed, we have been condemned justly, for the sentence we received corresponds to our crimes, but this man has done nothing criminal."
Then he said, "Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom."
He replied to him, "Amen, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise."
Warren Patton @ 11:23 am:
"Maybe the death penalty is in contradiction with Christian doctrine but not with pro-life views generally."
Pro-life means supporting life from conception to NATURAL death. How is death penalty NOT in contradiction with pro-life stance?
Maybe the death penalty is in contradiction with Christian doctrine but not with pro-life views generally.
It may actually be that it's the other way around: the death penalty does not (at least of its own nature) contradict Christian doctrine, but the death penalty does not align with pro-life views, at least as they've been articulated as a Consistent Ethic of Life.
ISTM that it is logically possible to oppose abortion and support the death penalty. But to reach that position one has to divide the dying into the deserving of life (innocent babes) and the undeserving of life (a serial killer). (That is, always assuming we are killing a real serial killer, which, as DNA is showing us, sometimes is a shaky assumption.) But one does have a position based upon a defensible distinction. It's like the distinction drawn by the wise Alfred P. Doolittle between the deserving poor and the undeserving poor.
Mr. Doolittle, of course, also noted that the undeserving poor need as much to eat as the deserving poor -- and rather more to drink. Likewise, in cases of death, the innocent need less, not more, compassion than the guilty. Jesus' way of looking at such cases seems to have more in common with Mr. Doolittle than with Justice Scalia.
The problem of labels for positions on abortion still bedevils newsrooms and still brings ukases from managing editors, sometimes contradicting previous ukases. People who oppose abortion AND the death penalty clearly have a claim on being called "pro-life." People who oppose the one and support the other equally clearly do not and should be called -- even though they hate it -- anti-abortion.
and if fetuses are not thought of as people
Crystal, It doesnt matter what fetuses are 'thought of' but rather what they actually are: human beings at the earliest stage of life. That is clear from basic biology.
Bruce, yes they are an early stage of human being - what's not clear is whether embryos and zygotes are persons.
Warren McGrath:
And what about that white rich kid in Texas who killed 4 people while driving drunk and was given 10 years probation without any other punishment because the judge determined that the kid was afflicted with "affluenza"? http://www.cnn.com/2013/12/11/us/texas-teen-dwi-wreck/
The idea that Catholic support for the death penalty comes from pro-lifers is off the mark.
The proof comes from this Gallup poll from 2004, which is probably still applicable today. If you scroll down, you'll find a breakdown of support by "practicing vs. non-practicing" Catholics, defined by "weekly vs. monthly vs. seldom/never" mass attendance. Here is Gallup's conclusion:
"Practicing Catholics, or those who attend church on a weekly or near weekly basis, are less likely to support capital punishment than are non-practicing Catholics (those who attend services rarely or never). Fewer than 6 in 10 practicing Catholics (59%) support the death penalty. This compares with 73% of non-practicing Catholics who support it. This result suggests that practicing Catholics are more likely to adhere to the Catholic Church's anti-death penalty position."
Polls have consistently shown that "practicing" Catholics are most faithful to the Church's moral doctrine across the board. They are more pro-life, pro-chastity, and pro-traditional marriage. This Gallup poll shows they are also more anti-death penalty. They are probably more pro-social justice. There are obviously subgroups within this group, but the overall trendline captures the reality of Catholic social attitudes, which don't fit into US political categories.
In other words, "what's up" with those 59% of white catholics is that they represent the other face of dissent from Church teachings on the part of "lite" Catholics -- the face the secular media ignores when they trumpet the independent thinking of this group.
144 people who were on death row have been completely exonerated (http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/innocence-list-those-freed-death-row).
One wonders how many innocent people have been put to death.
I found this lengthy article inspiring. It is entitled "The Quality of Mercy". It does have some material on death-penalty inequities and also on the broader issue of class- and race-based sentencing inequities. It tells the story of a pretty remarkable law professor at St. Thomas University who has worked to reform sentencing disparities.
"It may actually be that it's the other way around: the death penalty does not (at least of its own nature) contradict Christian doctrine, but the death penalty does not align with pro-life views, at least as they've been articulated as a Consistent Ethic of Life."
Alright, fair enough. But support for capital punishment does not contradict an anti-abortion stance, taken on its own (not part of a wider ethical formulation like a Consistent Ethic of Life)


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Home > BMW > BMW Motorrad Concept 6
Below you will find the high resolution bike picture for BMW Motorrad Concept 6. You may use the bike picture for any of the following widescreen screen resolutions:
1920x1200 | 1680x1050 | 1440x900 | 1280x800
BMW Motorrad Concept 6
BMW has just introduced their latest contraption, 'the fascination, supremacy and riding comfort with six cylinders'. Dubbed Concept 6, BMW's machine features a straight-six production engine, which is about 100 mm slimmer than all its predecessors and only a bit wider than a large-capacity straight-four with conventional technology.The power output of the BMW Concept 6 is almost the same as the company's 1.3-litre straight-four engines, but the torque is significantly higher matching the one from 1.6 liter engines. This means the BMW Concept 6 outputs 130 Nm or 96 lb-ft of torque from just 2,000 rpm. The bike can rev up to 9,000 rpm.


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Can every solution of a homogeneous linear system be approximated by a solution in rational numbers?
In mathematical terms: Let $$Ax=0$$ be a homogeneous linear system in $n$ determinates for an $m\times n$-matrix $A$ (possibly $m>n$) with integer entries (say all entries $1,0,-1$ for simplicity). Given a solution $x\in {\Bbb R}^n$ and $\epsilon>0$, do there exist solutions in ${\Bbb Q}^n$ within distance $< \epsilon$ from $x$?
I am sure this kind of question has been considered somewhere. However, as a topologist, I have no idea where to look this up. Apart from answers also hints to literature about this genre of questions would be appreciated.


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Undergraduate Admission > Honors and Scholars Programs > Social Work Scholars Program
Saint Louis University School of Social Work developed a 5-year program for students who would like to pursue both a Bachelors of Science in Social Work (BSSW) and a Masters of Social Work (MSW). To be considered for the program, students must present a "B" or better in their undergraduate SLU Social Work courses and a cumulative SLU GPA of 3.0 or higher during their junior year at SLU.
Through the B.S.S.W/M.S.W. Accelerated Program, students begin to take master's level courses their senior year while still paying undergraduate tuition rates. This allows students to graduate the following May with a MSW degree. With careful planning, students can receive their BSSW in four years and their MSW in one additional year or three semesters.
This accelerated program provides students with a savings of time and money while earning two degrees. Students in the program take a master's level course during the fall semester of their senior year and two master's level courses during the spring semester. During the following year, Social Work Scholars complete three or four more semesters of graduate level work (typically the summer, fall and spring) and graduate with a Master of Social Work.
Students who meet the minimum requirements for consideration must begin planning with their social work faculty advisor by junior year (preferably freshman or sophomore year).
Students must meet all of the minimum requirements for admission to the MSW program, apply for admission in their junior year and submit the application by March 1 to begin taking MSW classes in the fall semester of senior year.
BSSW students may enroll for a maximum of 6 hours of MSW courses in one semester and a total of 9 hours of MSW courses over two semesters during senior year. Students may not carry a total of more than 15 hours in total course registration for combined BSSW and MSW courses while taking MSW courses. Exceptions to this credit hour limit will be considered on a case-by-case basis and will require approval of the BSSW and MSW Program Directors.
SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK: Website
SOCIAL WORK SCHOLARS E-MAIL: firstname.lastname@example.com


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text: hi, how can one determine whether a number belongs to such a set of numbers whose every element can be divided into two sets such that the sum of digits of each set of the number is same. E.g 23450 does belong to such a set , as it can be split into two sets : (3,4,0) and (2,5) such that sum of digits in each set is the same(7). Similary 91125 belongs to such a set: (9) and (1,1,2,5). but 567 , or 34523 do not belong to such a set of numbers .


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There is no need to carry two separate cards.
Your SLU Card is also your key to convenient banking. SLU has partnered with U.S. Bank to offer students, faculty and staff an opportunity to use their SLU Card as their U.S. Bank ATM and PIN-based debit card. To add this functionality to your SLU Card, simply sign up for a U.S. Bank checking account at the SLU branch in the Busch Student Center or apply online at usbank.com/slu. U.S. Bank has made it easy for you to manage your money with the best checking account for students in the country.
Through U.S. Bank, you can use your SLU Card at over 1.5 million Interlink point-of-sale locations nationwide.1 Whether you're at the gas pump or the grocery store, simply swipe your card through the reader, select "debit," and enter your ATM PIN code. After you approve the amount to be paid, the total will be debited from your checking account. Check with your favorite local retailers to find out if they are a part of the Interlink network.
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Home > Food > Recipes > Chocolate-Chip Honey Cake
Chocolate-Chip Honey Cake
Categories: Entertaining, Make ahead, Showers
Type: Desserts and Baked Goods
Type: Desserts and Baked Goods
Honey cake can be served anytime to anyone. Chocolate chips just widen its appeal.
Serves: Serves: 12
- 1 cup all-purpose flour
- 1 cup whole-wheat flour
- 1 1/2 tablespoons baking powder
- 1/2 teaspoon baking soda
- 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 3/4 cup egg substitute
- 1 cup honey
- 1 cup applesauce
- 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
- 1/2 cup miniature chocolate chips
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- Preheat oven to 350F. Spray 2 (9 X 5-inch) loaf pans with cooking spray.
- Combine flours, baking powder, baking soda and cinnamon in large bowl; mix well.
- Combine egg substitute, honey, applesauce and vanilla extract in separate bowl; blend with electric mixer until creamy and smooth.
- Pour liquid mixture into flour mixture; blend well. Fold in chocolate chips.
- Divide batter among loaf pans; bake 50 to 60 minutes, until toothpick inserted in centers comes out clean.
- Cool 10 to 15 minutes; remove from loaf pans. Cool completely; wrap loaves in plastic wrap and aluminum foil. Place in plastic freezer bag. Thaw cakes at room temperature before serving.
- Whole-wheat flour is a un-milled version of white flour, whole-wheat flour makes hearty pasta and deeply flavored breads. To convert a regular bread recipe into a whole-wheat recipe, substitute half of the white flour with whole-wheat flour.
excerpted from:
Excerpted from Cook Once, Eat for a Week by Jyl Steinback. Copyright © 2003 by Family Fit Lifestyle, an Arizona Corporation.To order this book go to Amazon.
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The Lourdes girls' basketball team will go in search of a MUDECAS tourney title at 7 p.m. tonight at the Beatrice City Auditorium against Johnson County Central.
Coach Clay Carlton said the secret to success for his team will be in logging a more complete effort.
The Knights played well early in a loss to Johnson County Central at the Auburn Holiday tournament late last month.
"We've got to play 32 minutes instead of just playing a half," said Coach Carlton.
Johnson County Central has a lot of good shooters, said Coach Carlton, and a cold streak by the Thunderbirds can give foes a false sense of confidence.
"They can shoot themselves out of a game and then shoot themselves right back into it," Carlton said.
Offensively, the Coach Carlton said the Knight offense will need to find a way to knock down more shots in order to garner the MUDECAS tourney title.
Turning to Thursday night, the Knights limited Pawnee City's top two players for the second time this season and came away with a 36-33 win.
Jenna Habegger, Pawnee City's 6'1" post player, ended up with 12 points on the final stat sheet, most of that coming in the third quarter, and the Knights also did a good job of limiting their opponent's top shooting guard.
"The defense was really good. We executed the game plan really well," said Carlton.
Location, ST | website.com


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text: I am opening a png image into a Bitmap, making some modifications to it and then saving it to disk as a jpg. In the case where the png has some transparent areas, they are saved as black. Is there a way to change this default behavior so the image is saved with a different color background such as white?


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Kohler K-8022-CP
Polished Chrome Modern MasterClean WaterTile Single Function Shower Head Only with 1/2 Inch Connection
Item # bci175022 | Model # K-8022-CP | WaterTile Collection
California Non-Compliant Shower Head - 2.0 GPM MaximumThis item cannot be shipped to the following location(s): CA
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Modern MasterClean WaterTile Single Function Shower Head Only with 1/2 Inch Connection
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THORNDALE (September 13, 2010)—A 51-year-old Thorndale man died Sunday afternoon after he lost control of his pickup truck and it crashed into a roadside field.
Gregory James Robbins was driving east on Farm-to-Market 1331 about two-tenths of a mile east of County Road 439, just before 5:30 p.m. Sunday when he lost control on loose gravel in a road construction site.
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Robbins was wearing a seat belt.
Milam County Justice of the Peace Twila Anne Harris pronounced Robbins dead at the scene; his body was taken to Phillips-Luckey Funeral Home in Rockdale where arrangements were pending Monday.


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Access Florence & Venice: Plus Tuscany and the Veneto (Paperback)
The perfect combination of commerce and class, Italy's two most beautiful cities are perfectly presented in the 8th edition of ACCESS Florence & Venice. With traditions in art, history, culture and romance, both Florence and Venice have long been favorite Italian destinations for travelers everywhere – and why not, since the cities themselves amply display visual evidence of the power, prestige and prominence that is their heritage. Including extensive coverage of the warm Tuscan countryside and including some of the very best establishments to be found in Italy, this is every visitor – and local's – indispensable guide to two glorious cities.
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Richard Saul Wurman continues to be a regular consultant to major corporations in matters relating to the design & understanding of information. He is married to novelist Gloria Nagy, has 4 children & lives in Newport, Rhode Island.


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Or more specifically, why do people get so excited about them? And what's your favorite easy example of one, which illustrates why I should care (and is not a group)?
closed as primarily opinion-based by Fernando Muro, Alain Valette, Felipe Voloch, Chris Godsil, abx Jan 21 at 6:43
Many good questions generate some degree of opinion based on expert experience, but answers to this question will tend to be almost entirely based on opinions, rather than facts, references, or specific expertise.If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
I'm surprised this example hasn't been mentioned already:
The 3x3x3 Rubik's cube forms a group. The 15-puzzle forms a groupoid.
The reason is that any move that can be applied to a Rubik's cube can be applied at any time, regardless of the current state of the cube.
This is not true of the 15-puzzle. The legal moves available to you depend on where the hole is. So you can only compose move B after move A if A leaves the puzzle in a state where move B can be applied. This is what characterises a groupoid.
There's more to be found here.
As other people have mentioned, a groupoid can be defined as a category in which every map is invertible. A groupoid with only one object is exactly a group, and a groupoid in which there are no maps between distinct objects is simply a family of groups.
But there's another class of examples, orthogonal to these ones. Namely: any equivalence relation is a groupoid. In fact, an equivalence relation is exactly a groupoid in which for each object a and object b, there is at most one map from a to b. Concretely, the objects of the groupoid are the elements of the set on which the equivalence relation is defined, and there is a map from a to b iff a is equivalent to b.
(A (small) category with the property that for any objects a and b, there is at most one map from a to b, is the same thing as a preordered set — that is, a set equipped with a reflexive transitive relation, usually denoted \leq.)
Personally, the reason I'm interested in groupoids is something called groupoid cardinality and some other related ideas (the link contains a lot of other links). A motivating idea here is that certain sets X of algebraic objects have the property that (sumx \in X 1) is ugly but (sumx \in X 1/Aut(x)) is much nicer, and so we should think of this is the "true" cardinality of the set (which is actually a groupoid).
Interesting combinatorial stuff happens when you take this philosophy seriously: for example, the cardinality of the groupoid of finite sets and bijections between them is e. Why is this interesting? It suggests that one reason exponential generating functions are important is that the denominator of n! is an indication that what you're really working with is some kind of structure defined over the groupoid of finite sets and bijections. And indeed, there's an approach to combinatorics called species theory that defines a combinatorial species, such as "binary trees," as a functor from this groupoid to itself. From this information one can extract a generating function, but the really important point here is that constructions such as the sum of generating functions are seen to be "decategorifications" of more fundamental combinatorial constructions, so one can avoid the machinery of working with generating functions by working directly with species instead. A good reference here is Bergeron, Labelle, and Laroux.
Another answer is that a groupoid is a space which has no homotopy groups in dimension ≥ 2. (Analogously a set is a space which has no homotopy groups in dimension ≥ 1.) They arise from taking (homotopy) orbits of group actions on sets, as well as from categories (by discarding the noninvertible morphisms and then taking the nerve). People care about them because they retain useful homotopical information, analogous to the relationship between Hom and Ext in homological algebra, and also because they're a lot easier to work with than general spaces.
A groupoid is a generalization of a group. The easiest definition, IMO, is as a category in which all arrows are isomorphisms. So a group is just a groupoid with one object and arrows the elements of the group.
The best example is the fundamental groupoid of a topological space. Build a groupoid by taking the objects to be the points in the space and an arrow from point x to point y to be equivalence classes of paths from x to y. This genearlizes the idea of the fundamental group.
They are useful and Ronald Brown has a whole project of building higher dimensional group theory using them. The great thing about the fundamental groupoid is that there is a version of Van Kampen that gives the fundamental group of the circle (without using covering space theory as is the standard way to do it using only the fundamental group).
A good link is http://www.bangor.ac.uk/~mas010/nonab-a-t.html
ETA: That link might not be working. Google Ronald Brown's Topology and Groupoids book for a good introduction and motivation.
Penrose tilings are beautiful objects, with a lot of symmetry... but their symmetry group is trivial!
So there's a discrepancy somewhere. The answer is: "groupoids"! The topological groupoid of symmetries of a Penrose tiling is non-trivial, and contains all the information that your intuition might call "symmetry".
The reason it's a groupoid and not a group is the following. Given a Penrose tiling, there are many different tilings that are locally undistinguishable from your original tiling. These are the objects of your groupoid. It becomes a topological groupoid under the topology of "uniform convergence in any bounded domain". The arrows are given by isomorphisms between a given tiling (=object) and a translated or rotated version of itself.
Any vector bundle is a groupoid: you can add and subtract vectors only if they are in the same fibre. Similarly, if you take a vector bundle E → M (or some other fibre bundle) then consider the automorphism bundle Aut(E) → M where a point in Aut(E) above p ∈ M is an automorphism of Ep. This is a groupoid since these automorphisms can only be composed if they lie in the same fibre.
These are discrete groupoids in the sense that there are no morphisms between distinct objects (aka points in the base space). However, they are not discrete topologically as they clearly have topologies! (Which, incidentally, shows that you should be careful when using the statement about groupoids having no homotopy above degree 2: this is a statement about groupoids in Set but groupoids exist enriched in other categories where they can have lots of interesting homotopy). To get a more general groupoid, you can consider the bundle Iso(E) → M × M where a point in Iso(E) above (p,q) ∈ M × M is an isomorphism from Ep to Eq.
One reason for liking groupoids is that they allow you to talk about quotients by group actions without actually having to take the quotient. That's useful because some categories don't have quotients - such as the category of smooth manifolds. So when you have a group G acting on a manifold M you can try to take the quotient M/G but that is quite often not a manifold. So instead you can take the groupoid with objects M and morphisms G × M, where a morphism (g,m) has source m and target gm. Even when the quotient exists, or when you've extended the category to include quotients, this can be much better behaved than the corresponding quotient.
Beyond all the categorical and bundle-like examples already given, you can easily understand groupoids as generalizations of groups in a purely geometrical sense.
If you think of groups as the sets of symmetries of certain geometrical objects, then groupoids are local symmetries of geometrical objects. My favorite example of this consists on taking a manifold M and defining a groupoid G as the set of all the local diffeomorphisms f:U-->V where U and V are open sets of M, with multiplication given by composition of maps (whenever it makes sense).
In addition to the answers already given: Alan Weinstein wrote a nice article for the Notices of the AMS which tries to give some motivating examples:
It seems that in certain situations where taking the quotient by a group action "destroys too much information", working directly with an associated groupoid is more useful. Several of the motivating examples in NCG a la Connes (et al) also seem to fit into this point of view.
I (mildly) disagree with David Brown's assertion that a set is an example of a groupoid. Given any set, you can put a groupoid structure on it, even "canonically", but not uniquely canonically. (By way of analogy, you wouldn't say that a set is an example of a topological space, would you?) Thus if I give you a set and tell you the definition of a groupoid, you will probably be able to use that set to define a groupoid, but you might not come up with groupoid that David has in mind.
I want to use this as a jumping off point for my answer: one of the neat things about groupoids is that a lot of times you start with a set $X$, you take some kind of "quotient" of it, and then you are apparently left with a set $Y$ but in a way which feels unpleasant: you feel like there is a loss of information. A lot times, there is a natural groupoid structure on $X$, which has the following features:
(i) It is equivalent to or implied by some other kind of structure you are considering on $X$, so it is not evidently profitable to think of $X$ as a groupoid.
(ii) Passage to the quotient set $Y$ loses some of the evident structure.
(iii) However, if you think of $X$ as a groupoid, then the quotient $Y$ is also a groupoid, and this extra structure is exactly the structure that you were sad to have lost.
Example: Let $G$ be a group and $X$ be a set with an action of $G$. Let $Y = G \backslash X$ be the orbit space. In the passage from $X$ to $Y$ we have apparently "used up" the $G$-structure, but this is not so good: for applications we would like to know the stabilizers of the points of $X$; up to conjugacy, these only depend upon the corresponding point in $Y$ but in passage to $Y$ we seem to have lost that information, which is however very important for "mass formulas" as in Qiaochu's response.
Remedy: realize that any $G$-set is canonically a groupoid: the set of morphisms from $x$ to $x'$ is exactly the set of $g$ in $G$ such that $gx = x'$. Then we can take the quotient of this groupoid by the $G$-action [this can be done generally; in this case it is sufficiently evident what this means that I don't think it will be helpful to say any more about it], so that $X/G$ still has a groupoid structure, in which no two distinct objects have any morphisms between them but that the automorphism group of any single object is isomorphic to the isotropy group of any representative.
See for instance
for a bit more on this perspective.
While the categorical definition of groupoid is the most concise, you can also think of a groupoid as being like a group, except where multiplication is only partially defined, rather than being defined for any pair of elements. Here are a few of my favorite examples:
The first two examples happen to be Lie groupoids, and they have corresponding Lie algebroids, which generalizes the relationship between Lie groups and Lie algebras. Whereas a Lie algebra is a vector space with a bracket between elements, a Lie algebroid is a vector bundle with a bracket between sections (as well as an additional structure called the anchor map). For example, if Q is a principal G-bundle, then the gauge groupoid is (Q x Q)/G, while the corresponding gauge algebroid is TQ/G. This comes in handy in geometric mechanics, particularly in reduction theory. If we have a Lagrangian L: TQ -> R, which is invariant with respect to the action of a Lie group G, then is useful to look at the reduced Lagrangian \ell: TQ/G -> R. There are some subtleties arising from the fact that TQ/G is not a tangent bundle, but it is still a Lie algebroid, so this has motivated the study of mechanics on Lie algebroids.
I never think about groupoids in any technical sense, but my favorite easy example of one can be built out of a separable field extension K/k. It is the category whose points are the subfields of the algebraic closure of k which are k-isomorphic to K. The morphisms between two objects are just the k-isomorphisms between the respective subfields. It's some kind of "Galois groupoid" and it's a group if and only if K/k is a Galois field extension.
Let me expand a bit on what Dave said.
The Yoneda lemma tells us that given an object
Example: Given a group
Example: The functor
In both of the above examples, there is no object
Anyway, despite the fact that the set-valued functors are not so "geometric", since they are not represented by a "geometric" object (topological space and scheme, respectively), the groupoid-valued functors are more "geometric". In the case of
Another very important reason for studying groupoids and another very important class of groupoids comes from, as others have already mentioned, group actions. When a group acts on a manifold or a variety, the naive quotient may be badly behaved, for example it may no longer be a manifold (e.g. it might not be smooth, or it might not be Hausdorff) or respectively a variety (or it may not even be clear how to take the quotient at all!), which makes it harder to study geometric properties of the alleged "quotient". However, the groupoid viewpoint allows us to get a better handle on the quotient and its geometry. More precisely, if
There's some further discussion on this sort of stuff at the nLab:
Contra dance (or square dance) gives us a nice example of a groupoid. The objects are the formations (i.e. the positions of the dancers) and the morphisms are the calls up to homotopy. A choreography (or a dance, if you wish) if a set of composable calls whose product is a morphism between two specific objects.
A set is an example of a groupoid, and I care about groupoids as a generalization of sets as opposed to groups. My most fundamental tool is Yoneda's lemma, which says that one can think of a category C as being embedded in the category C-hat of presheaves (C-hat := Hom(C,Sets)); this is a really useful way to think for instance about the category of Schemes (which is special because instead of presheaves you actually get sheaves). Similarly, if you want to think about things like algebraic groups, it is extremely useful to consider Hom(Schemes,Grps) instead.
A stack is a generalization of the notion of a scheme, which one would like to think of as a functor from schemes to groupoids; this doesn't quite work (one only gets a `pseudofunctor') and the notion of a stack is a gadget that makes this work. Just as with algebraic groups, sometime you want the target of the functor that your geometric object represents to have the type of extra structure that your geometric object has; groupoids come up for me in moduli theory, where they keep track of extra automorphisms, or when trying to construct quotients by group actions, where you can keep track of stabilizers.
So not a very precise answer, but also not a technical one, so maybe it will be useful.
A groupoid is a category where every morphism is invertible. If such a category has one object, then it is a group. Unfortunately I don't know why people are so interested in them, so perhaps this is not helpful.
An example is the fundamental groupoid of path classes in a topological space; the objects are points and morphisms p->q are homotopy classes of curves from p to q. Composition is defined by placing together two paths so this is not a group.
To follow on from what Qiaochu said, one of the interesting things about groupoids is their cardinality. Whereas the cardinality of a set is a natural number, the cardinality of a groupoid is a positive rational. This gives us a combinatorial way to inject "numbers" into an abstract system.
For example, a way to think of matrices of natural numbers is just taking spans of finite sets, A <- S -> B. The "numbers" come from counting the paths from A, through S, to B. Composition by pullback then just amounts to matrix multiplication. Incidentally, this is one of the nicest ways to think about commutative bi-alebras, but that's another story (see Stephen Lack - "Composing PROPs" if you're interested).
However, if you take spans of finite groupoids instead, you get computation with matrices of positive rational numbers. If you take spans of "nice" infinite groupoids, you get positive real numbers. John Baez and co. have a nice paper, called Higher-Dimensional Algebra VII: Groupoidification, that works a lot of this out an applies it to quantum physics. It's one of the things that convinced me that groupoids were pretty cool gadgets.
One reason why people get existed about groupoids which has not been mentioned so far: The category of reduced smooth orbifolds is isomorphic to a category of proper effective etale Lie groupoids. For some investigations on orbifolds, working with their local charts can become very clumpsy. Sometimes, the corresponding question on groupoids has an elegant solution.
The holonomy groupoid of a foliation is another example of a useful groupoid
it is described here:
For a singular foliation see http://users.uoa.gr/~iandroul/AS-holgpd-final.pdf
I also unfortunately don't really understand why people care so much about them, although I should probably go back and read old TWFs.
Sort of a combinatorial example of the fundamental groupoid is the category assigned to a graph where the objects are vertices and the morphisms are directed paths, and v->w->v = id_v. (If this makes sense.) I believe that this category is nice because (IIRC) you can read off the definition of graph homomorphism from it.
ETA: Okay, a quick Baez-review gives the following, which isn't strictly speaking what you asked about but which helps me understand how groupoids are intrinsically special and not just occasionally an improvement that encodes more data than groups.
If you move from categories to n-categories, you can define n-groupoids, although this is subtle. Now, just as the fundamental groupoid is a more natural construction than the fundamental group, n-groupoids capture more information about homotopy than do "monoidal n-groupoids." But furthermore, all the constructions of homotopy are in some way reversible (if I'm following Baez correctly) -- not only is homotopy equivalence an equivalence relation, but even on higher levels this is true -- e.g., the fundamental groupoid functor has an adjoint, which is essentially the classifying space construction, so actually n-categories capture everything about homotopy! And in fact, Baez says that if you think about \omega-categories (which are a limit of n-categories, essentially, I guess?) then the homotopy category of \omega-groupoids is equivalent to the homotopy category.
Lots of things are groupoids, but many are not groups. There is a theory of groupoids, and if you don't acknowledge groupoids, they won't let you use their theory =)
The fundamental group(oid) example is really good. What happens if you want to do Van Kampen's theorem on a pair of sets whose intersection is not connected? There's an answer but you have to use fundamental groupoids.
Also, categories are sometimes useful for isolating data. For example, you can replace the usual notion of a local system with a "representation of the fundamental groupoid" and doing so lets you think of a local system the way you already wanted to in your heart: as a collection of operators on fibers coming from "going around the bad points".
Here's a stupid riddle for everyone: what's another word for a "monoidoid"?
As above, a groupoid is an object where every morphism is an isomorphism, and generalizes groups. As for why to get excited about them, they're useful in classification of things. Like, say you want to understand vector bundles on a space. One method of doing so is constructing the "stack" of vector bundles on that space, which, to each open set (actually, a bit more generally, but thinking concretely here rather than going to grothendieck topologies) associates the groupoid consisting of vector bundles on that open set along with isomorphisms, so that the set of vector bundles is the set of isomorphism classes in this groupoid. The stack made up this way has the property that any family of bundles (or whatever, groupoids work for many things) over some space T is equivalent to giving a morphism from T to the stack.


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Arab American Immigration
The early immigration of Arabs to the United States, from about 1880 to 1940, and their rapid assimilation is a complex and largely unfamiliar story. Thousands of young Arabs arrived in America shortly before World War I. The great majority came from villages in the Mount Lebanon area of the Ottoman Empire, now western Syria. Speaking Arabic dialects and holding Christian, Islamic, and Druze faiths, they quickly established family and trading networks across America.


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On November 25, 2014, seven finalists will take to the mainstage of the Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts for the Ensemble Studio Competition, the feature event of Centre Stage gala. The event will be hosted by world-renowned Canadian tenor Ben Heppner, and the singers will be accompanied by the internationally acclaimed COC Orchestra conducted by COC Music Director Johannes Debus. To watch the competition and see Canada's rising opera stars, visit our Centre Stage website and buy your tickets today! Over the next two weeks, follow along on Parlando as we introduce you to each of our finalists.
As a toddler growing up in Toronto, Dimitri Katotakis would stand in his diapers 'conducting' Beethoven symphonies in front of a speaker system. "My parents always knew I had the performing bug," he says. So it was only natural for him to attend Etobicoke School for the Arts, where he performed in several musicals and eventually discovered opera.
"I found opera to be extremely captivating the first time I saw a show and I have never looked back," says Dimitri. "I loved how the music of opera can make a story feel both hugely intimate and grand at the same time. Performing in or seeing a well-realized opera is like getting a powerful shot of artistic life."
Dimitri's studies led him to McGill University where he's currently pursuing his master's degree. Recent roles at McGill include Demetrius in A Midsummer Night's Dream and Lorenzo in Capuleti e i Montecchi. He earned his bachelor of music in vocal performance from the University of Toronto where he sang the roles of Belcore in L'elisir d'amore, Guglielmo in Così fan tutte, and M. Lacouf and Le Fils in Les Mamelles de Tiresias. Other credits include Escamillo and Le Dancaïre in Carmen, and Harlekin in Ariadne auf Naxos (Opera NUOVA); Le Podestat in Le Docteur Miracle (Stu&Jess Productions); Masetto in Don Giovanni (Centre for Opera Studies in Italy); Curio in Giulio Cesare (Aradia Ensemble); and in the Chorus of Der Entführung aus dem Serail and Le nozze di Figaro (Opera Atelier).
There are a few roles that Dimitri dreams of singing in the future. "I am particularly fond of the slippery ambiguity of Don Giovanni; the dark, horrible beauty of Tarquinius; the gorgeous passion of Silvio; [and] the charming glee of Rossini's Figaro."
If he wasn't an opera singer, Dimitri would still be putting his artistic talents to good use. "I'd love to be performing or creating in some other way," he says. "I love the theatre, dance and poetry way too much to discount them." But Dimitri acknowledges his scientific side as well. "I find the inherent 'tinkering' and order of chemistry really quite fun."
In addition to opera, staying active is very important to Dimitri. "I find few things as comforting as pushing myself while at the gym or running," he says. "I also enjoy fencing, tennis, and my nose is usually buried in one book or another." He's also a big board game fan, which is one way for him to stay connected with friends and family.
Wherever Dimitri's operatic career takes him, he knows that his "big supportive family" and mentors have his back. "I had very supportive and caring music instructors and they nurtured in me a deep love for communicating through music from an early age," he says. "It's really comforting to be able to spend my time working on trying to get closer to such a powerful art."
The Ensemble Studio Competition is Tuesday, November 25, 2014. Tickets to the Ensemble Studio Competition and Centre Stage cocktail celebration are $100. For more information and to purchase tickets, visit COCCentrestage.ca. You can buy tickets here,
call COC Ticket Services at 416-363-8231 or go to the Four Seasons
Centre for the Performing Arts Box Office (145 Queen St. W.). You can also chat about the event with us on Twitter using #COCCentrestage.
Posted by Kristin McKinnon / in Centre Stage / comments (0) / permalink
Zoe Band, Mezzo-soprano
Mezzo-soprano Zoe Band's life revolves around music. "My hobby, joy, job, and passion is music. When I'm not listening to it, I'm working to make money to pay for lessons," she says. "When I have time to myself, I practice!"
Born and raised in Toronto, Zoe got her start singing in choir and playing classical guitar. Her guitar teacher's wife was a singing teacher and "from there it began."
Zoe studied music at the Peabody Conservatory, earning her bachelor and master of music in voice performance. Her roles with Peabody Opera included Hermia in A Midsummer Night's Dream, Miss Benson in Lakmé, Ferdinand in Ariel's Tempest, Betty Parris in The Crucible, Anna in The Trio and Zinnie in Dora. She has also appeared as Lucretia in The Rape of Lucretia (HexaCollective); Hansel in Hansel and Gretel (Toronto Summer Opera and Little Patuxtent Opera); and Patricia Hutton in Camelot Requiem (The Figaro Project).
One day, she hopes to add Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro to her repertoire, and she'd especially love to sing the title role Handel's Ariodante. "What a role!"
If she wasn't pursuing an opera career, you might find Zoe working in psychology or using her dramatic talents in other ways. "I love entertaining. If I couldn't sing, I would hope to act."
So what is it about opera that Zoe finds so compelling?
"For me, opera is a bridge between the real and romanticized world. It can be challenging and intellectual, and yet calming and spiritual, expressing the full range of human emotions," she says. "When I'm performing, I feel a freedom to fully express who I am."
Posted by Kristin McKinnon / in Centre Stage / comments (1) / permalink
by Michael Lewandowski
For over 30 years, students from all across Ontario have been inspired and delighted by the magic of live opera performance. The operas developed for the Glencore Ensemble Studio School Tour are adapted or created specifically for young audiences, and the artists perform in full costume with sets, props and piano accompaniment. The operas are performed in English and an informal question-and-answer period with the cast immediately follows each performance.
We asked COC Stage Manager Michael Lewandowski to share a day in the life on the road with the Ensemble Studio School Tour, as they perform The Scorpions' Sting: An Egyptian Myth. Read on for his account of an average day on tour!
The Scorpions' Sting: An Egyptian Myth will also be presented at the Royal Ontario Museum on November 29th at 11am, free with museum admission! Find out more about the event here.
View The Scorpions' Sting Performance Locations in a full screen map
First day of The Scorpions' Sting rehearsal. As a Stage Manager I'm responsible for keeping everyone informed of the schedule and keeping track of everything that happens in rehearsal. I'm the eyes and ears for everyone who may not be in the room. My job is to keep all the departments informed of any changes or needs the production may have. At the end of each day I send out rehearsal notes, that each department receives (Music, Wardrobe, Props, Wigs etc). On our first day, our director Joel Ivany discussed his vision for this production, and we ended the day by having a full sing-through of the opera with our Musical Director Jennifer Szeto.
I am always the first person to arrive at work on tour. I start my day by picking up props and costume pieces that may have been damaged the day before, and our lovely COC staff fixed for us. I pack everything in our van, and do a quick inspection of the vehicle. I have to make sure everyone is safe and the van is ready for a full day of travel. The COC school tour has been lucky to have Glencore as our sponsor on the tour for a number of years. Every morning we put up our fancy Glencore sponsorship decals on the van, which also direct the public to our website, where they can follow the tour. Our Musical Director Jennifer Szeto was happy to help with this task today.
The van has to fit everything we may need on tour. This not only includes our performers, but also our full set, props, costumes, keyboard, first aid kit and anything else we may need on the road.
Our first stop, School Number #1. We always arrive an hour before the start of the opera. We start by checking in with the main office, and find the best location for us to unload the van.
Everyone in the cast is responsible for helping with the set-up. This includes putting the full set together, unpacking costumes, and setting props needed for the show. As you can see above, Erica, Karine, Clarence & JP are busy at work.
Clarence helps put up the finishing touches. Once the set is complete, the cast changes into costume and warms up.
The completed set.
As a group we have to adapt to wherever we perform, as each school is different. Our change room is often the gym storage room. Being the Stage Manager on tour is a lot like being a mom sometimes, "no time to play, time to get into costume."
My view during the show. I'm well-hidden behind the set, and I'm responsible for receiving and handing off props, helping with quick costume changes, as well as operating the puppets in the show.
After the performance we do a 10-minute question-and-answer period with the kids. After that we load everything up into the van and drive over to School #2, where we repeat it all over again. On a typical day we do two shows within the Greater Toronto Area, however we sometimes travel overnight.
On this particular day we drove to Kingston in order to do performances in Gananoque and Napanee the next day. This sometimes makes for a long day, as we started at 8:30 a.m., did two shows in Toronto, then drove for three hours to get to Kingston. The cast can rest as soon as we arrive at the hotel, however my day continues for a few more hours. I have to do laundry from that day, as well as fill out a detailed show report, which gets sent back to COC, so everyone can keep up with what is happening on tour. I also have to check any e-mails from schools we may be visiting the next day, to answer any questions they may have.
Once all the work is done, we all enjoy a well-deserved evening off. We spend a lot of time together on the road, and we become like a travelling circus. It helps to have a great group of people that enjoy what they do; we have a lot of fun together. Not too many late nights for us, as tomorrow we do it all over again, and drive back to Toronto after two shows.
To learn more about the Glencore Ensemble Studio School Tour, visit coc.ca/SchoolTour
Follow the School Tour teams on Twitter with #BremenCOC and #ScorpionsCOC
Posted by Kiersten Hay / in Ensemble Studio / comments (0) / permalink
Sara Fulgoni in the COC production of Bluebeard's Castle. Photo: Michael Cooper © 2001


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In commutative Iwasawa theory, the main conjecture states that the p-adic L-function generates the characteristic ideal of an algebraic object. Non-commutative Iwasawa theory seems to mimik this - except that the existence of the object on the analytic side (to my knowledge) is still conjectural. My question is: why is it so hard to define a "non-commutative" p-adic L-function? And on a more technical note: In Coates-Fukaya-Kato-Sujatha-Venjakob, this conjectural function only exists for primes of good ordinary reduction. This seems to imply that in the excluded cases, things go horribly wrong. Does anybody know what or why?
First a short answer. I don't think one can say that the commutative analytic side is known, as you do. It is fully known only in the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_{p}$ situation, assuming the ETNC and in the crystalline case (see below). The answer to your "why is it so hard" question is: because $p$-adic $L$-functions are linked with $B_dR$ and so require subtle knowledge of $p$-adic Hodge theory which is lacking in the non-commutative case (and also mostly in the general commutative case). The answer to your technical question is: because in the ordinary case, there is a concrete incarnation of $D_{dR}$ which allows for a definition of the required trivialization. Outside the ordinary case, no such concrete incarnation is known and so things are two orders of magnitude harder, already in the commutative case (again, see below for some more details).
In both the commutative and non-commutative situation, if you want to construct a $p$-adic $L$-function in the style of Kato, Perrin-Riou, Colmez (basically in the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_{p}$-extension case) and Fukaya-Kato, CFKSV (in the non-commutative but still number field tower case) you need two things: one is an equivariant basis of the fundamental line (more or less the determinant of the motivic cohomology of your motive, or more concretely some sort of Euler system), the other is what is usually called a reciprocity law or Coleman map or $\epsilon$-isomorphism to transform this into a "function" or "measure" or "element in a localized $K_{1}$" (depending what you mean by $p$-adic $L$-function).
Slightly more precisely and in a more technical language, in order to formulate a conjectural setting allowing for the existence of a $p$-adic $L$-function, you need a trivialization of some complexes of Galois cohomology which is compatible with "evaluation at characters" (without this compatibility, there can be no interpolation property worth its name). This trivialization involves very subtle properties of the ring $B_{dR}$.
Now, in the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_{p}$-extension case, such a trivialization is known to exist for any crystalline motive thanks to very deep results of many people, but most notably Perrin-Riou, Kato-Kurihara-Tsuji, Colmez and Benois-Berger. So in that case, if you $assume$ the Equivariant Tamagawa Number Conjecture, then the $p$-adic $L$-function is well-defined. This is only in this (very limited) sense that the analytic object you refer to in your question is well-defined.
In the general commutative case, very little is known, because one has to consider the $D_{dR}$ of Galois representations with coefficients in rings of large dimension and this is extremely hard though spectacular progresses are made each day in that respect. In the good ordinary tower of number fields case, be it commutative or non-commutative, the required trivialization is known because in that case there is a "concrete incarnation" of $D_{dR}$.
Finally, in the general non-commutative case, almost nothing is known because, as far as I know, the collective knowledge we have on the behaviour of $D_{dR}$ for non-commutative rings of large dimension is very far from what would be required only to formulate a question.
On a lower level and restricted to elliptic curves, there are at least two problems on the analytic side. First of all, if $\rho$ is an irreducible Artin representation of dimension $>1$ of a $p$-adic Lie group, then usually no one knows if $L(E,\rho,s)$ has an analytic continuation and so one can not yet interpolate the values at $s=1$. If one has the values, one needs congruences between them. So we need more complicated automorphic gadjets than nice modular forms of weight 2. Likewise, if we wish to construct it from an "Euler system", whatever that will be in the non-commutative setting.
For the supersingular case not even the algebraic side has ever been looked at to my knowledge. The usual conjectures like that the Selmer group should lie in $\mathfrak M_H$ are probably not true since the Tate-Shafarevich group is expected to grow a lot in these extensions. As for the cyclotomic extension, a single $p$-adic L-function will not be enough to discribe the situation here. First, we need a good cyclotomic $\pm$-theory for all number fields. (Or do we have that now ?)


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ANDERSON, S.C. – First-year head coach Michael Zion has made his first addition to the Anderson University men's soccer coaching staff, as the former Trojan standout has added Will Van Nostrand to the staff for the 2014 season, announced on Wednesday.
Before spending time at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount Pleasant, Iowa as the men's soccer head coach, Van Nostrand spent three seasons as the men's and women's soccer assistant coach at his alma mater, Spalding, in Louisville, Ky. While at Spalding, Van Nostrand's primary responsibilities included recruiting, technical training budgeting for the program and game-day operations. The Louisville native also assisted with the team's website and social media outlets while helping with the reserve teams.
At the club level, Van Nostrand spent three years with the Louisville Soccer Alliance, being named the head coach of the U-23 men's team in 2013 and the assistant coach of the 98's men team from 2012-14. With the Louisville Soccer Alliance, his U-23 squad was a member of the United States Adult Soccer Association and won a state championship in 2013 and finished second in the state in 2014. Following both seasons, the team earned a spot into the Region II Championships and the Tournament of Champions.
Also in 2014, Van Nostrand earned his license through the National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA).
As a player, Van Nostrand's collegiate career started at Spalding where he was named all-Kentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Conference second team in 2003 and 2004. Following the 2004 season, Spalding transferred to Anderson where he played with Zion for two seasons until 2007. While with the Trojans, Van Nostrand started in the midfield and scored five goals and totaled six assists, leading the Black and Gold to a winning record in 2005.
Van Nostrand left Anderson and finished out his collegiate career with Spalding in 2009 where he was named an United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA) All-American following his final season. To go along with his All-American status, the midfielder was named to the all-St. Louis Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (SLIAC) second team and the all-conference academic team, while regionally being selected to the NSCAA academic all-region team.
Before returning to Spalding, Van Nostrand spent a year with the Professional Development League's Palm Beach Pumas and helped the team to a sixth place finish in the Southeast Division.
In the classroom, Van Nostram earned a bachelor of science in business administration in 2012 and his master's in business communication in 2014, both from Spalding.
Van Nostrand and the Trojans begin their 2014 season on Aug. 22 with a scrimmage against Conference Carolinas power Limestone at Legacy Charter in Greenville. Anderson opens its regular season in Florida with back-to-back matches with Rollins on Sept. 4 and Flagler on Sept. 6. After three road contests, the Black and Gold open their home slate on Sept. 17 with a meeting with archrival Erskine at 4 p.m.


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Suppose I collect a lot of data from a group of persons, like
- their height
- their weight
- color of eyes (chosen from eg the four categories blue/brown/black/other)
- sex
- day of the week the measurement was done
and I want to find which of the above data correlates with height.
For weight, I can image how that goes: just make the (x,y) set and measure stuff like Pearson's correlation. But I get stuck for things like 'colors of eyes' where there's no natural way to order them, or binary data like sex. Also for day of the week (where I'd like to find no correlation at all) but I wouldn't know how to order them.
How do I do this?