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I was thinking about presenting categories with nothing but equations over morphisms. I wondered about products. The definition of a product has its genesis in the following diagram shape
You would say that whenever you have this shape, then for any D such that
blah blah...the axioms for the product. I thought about how to do this with just words in the arrows without reference to either source and target or objects. You can start with words like
$dab$ and $dac$
where a:D->A and and b: A->B and c:A->C and d:E->D.
You might say: if, the existence of the equations
$dab=e$ and
implies that $a$ is unique in that if there exists words
$dxb$ $dyc$
then $x=y=a$
then this constitutes a product.
Could something like this work? I mean, can you present a category as just words over morphisms along with equations and a bit of language with quantifiers? Second, could this kind of definition work for products?


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Cited: Devon Toby, Michigan, no tailights; and Joseph Jones, 26, 106 S. 12th St., Weirton, expired license.
Arrested: Kimberlee Bias, 29, 301 McLister Ave., Mingo Junction, falsification, Tuesday.
Jefferson County
Arrested: Dino Suriano Jr., 57, 100 Powells Lane, Wintersville, three counts of drug possession, probation violation, Tuesday.
Harrison County sheriff
Arrested: Thomas Hodge, 22, 110 E. Main St., Scio, domestic violence, Tuesday.
U.S. marshal
Arrested: Chrisie Kendle, 30, 146 Church St., Rayland, failure to appear, today.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Hard fight at Fredericksburg
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Questions? Call now toll free! (866)666-9198
2 year warranty for lenses under 250
2 year warranty for lenses under 250 (ID: 26447)
4 year warranty for lenses under 250
4 year warranty for lenses under 250 (ID: 26448)
There are no accessory packages for this product, but we're working on it. Please call us for details about accessory packages for this product.
Canon's Speedlite 320EX is a versatile flash that includes an LED light on the front that can be used as a modeling light, an AF assist beam during Live View shooting, or to light up nearby subjects in low light for video recording. It will provide up to 4 hours of continuous lighting with fully-charged AA batteries. The 320EX is E-TTL- and E-TTL II-compatible using Type-A EOS cameras, and it has a guide number of 78.7'/24m @100 ISO at 24mm.
Vertical and horizontal bounce capability gives you more lighting options, as does the Wireless Slave function that supports 3 groups and 4 channels, allowing the flash to be used off camera. You can vary the flash coverage and guide number by manually extending or retracting the flash head, using the Normal or Tele positions. The 320EX operates on widely available AA batteries. Batteries are not included.
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CLIFTON (February 11, 2013)--A fire that broke out Monday morning in a hay barn south of Clifton could burn for several days.
The fire was reported at around 11:15 a.m. Monday about two miles south of Clifton on State Highway 6.
The first Clifton units that arrived found the barn and the hay in flames and called for assistance.
Firefighters from Valley Mills and other departments responded, but because of the nature of a hay bale fire they could not save the barn or its contents.
They were able to save two tractors and a load of feed stored in the barn
A firefighter said the fire would be allowed to burn itself out, which could take several days.
The intensity of the flames was melting the metal building, one firefighter said.
Firefighters estimated there were about 200 large round bales of hay inside the barn at the time of the fire.
There was no word on how the fire may have started.


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I have 2 spammers who won't stop spamming me via SMS once I post stuff online.
I would like to determine their location based on language, so if I were to somehow become a man in the middle and have them spam each other. I'm sure that they would give some insight to where they are located based on their native languages and blacklist traffic from them.
The numbers that are spamming me are google voice numbers and I have not been able to find any way to report this directly to google so I might as well just block them from seeing my listings based on language/GeoIP.


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COPPERAS COVE (December 17, 2012)—New security measures were tight as Copperas Cove students returned to class Monday after a three-day unscheduled break that resulted from a series of nine bomb threats that forced school evacuations.
The new measures delayed the start of the school day at Copperas Cove High School because of the pace of the security checks.
The district asked students not to bring any items to school that aren't related to class work.
"In order to create the safest environment possible, CCISD has partnered with Copperas Cove police and fire departments as well as staff from Fort Hood," Superintendent Joe Burns said in a letter to parents.
"As a result of these partnerships, school will be conducted very differently this upcoming week," he said.
The district isn't providing specifics about the new security measures, but a spokeswoman said things were going slowly Monday at the high school because it was the first time the system had been used.
The district also brought in additional counselors Monday to help students deal with the new security processes and the recent spate of bomb threats.
Also, the district advised parents Monday that classes will be released two hours early on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
Friday was already scheduled as an early release day.
The district announced last Wednesday it was cancelling classes at all of its schools through Friday after the threats, the first of which was discovered on December 4.
The threats targeted the high school, Copperas Cove Junior High School and S. C. Lee Junior High School.
Authorities have made eight arrests in connection with threats and the reward for information leading to arrests and prosecutions has been increased to $3,000.


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Oetz is the prime winter sports resort of the Ötztal valley and an absolute family paradise. It is the most family-orientated resort of the Oetztal valley. The Hochoetz ski area at 2200 m elevation can be accessed using the new 8-seater gondola lift in Oetz or the 4-seater gondola lift in Ochsengarten. With 2 gondola lifts, 5 chair lifts, 4 T-bar lifts and 20 km of slopes the ski area is real paradise for skiers and snowboarders. The base terminal is situated at the edge of the village (ample car park). The small but beautiful ski area is ideal beginners and slightly advanced skiers. Enjoy the stunning views of the Alpine scenery while sunbathing. When frozen it is a grat place for ice skaters and hockey players as well. The winter hiking paths around the lake are among the most beautiful of the Ötztal valley. 10 km of cross-country skiing tracks wind their way around the village. The level of difficulty is easy to moderate. Oetz offers a large selection of accommodations in all categories and the excellent dining & wining.
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Robert Alan Pugsley, 60, of Belding, died Tuesday morning, Oct. 9, 2012 at home under the loving care of his family and Ionia Area Hospice. Robert was born on Jan. 26, 1952 in Detroit, the son of Robert A. and Gladys (Sorensen) Pugsley.
He graduated from Ionia High School with the Class of 1969 and later graduated from Ferris State University with a Business
Management Degree. He enjoyed trap shooting and was a member of the Kent County Conservation League. He will be greatly missed by his family and friends.
Robert was married on April 23, 1977 in Belding to Karen Shaw and she survives along with their children, Heather Pugsley of Lowell, Heidi and Brian Cummings of Cedar Springs, Holly Brokaw of Greenville; two grandchildren, Brie and Halie Cummings; and a sister, Carole and Bruce Quondamatteo.
Robert was preceded by his parents and grandparents. Funeral and committal services will be 11 a.m. Friday at Johnson-Feuerstein Funeral Home, Belding with Pastor Ken Harger officiating. Visitation will be Thursday from 7 to 9 p.m. at the funeral home. Interment will be in Rest Haven Memory Gardens, Belding.
Memorials may be given to the Alvah N. Belding Library. To sign the online register book, please visit the website of the funeral home, www.jffh.com.
Location, ST | website.com


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What would the community do with $1,000,000?
Ok, so here's the challenge: the community is given one million dollars and each user can use up to $50,000 of that (based on a first come first serve basis). You can use less than $50,000 but make sure you state the exact amount. You can use this money for anything! You can take it yourself or you can donate it, the possibilities are endless. So as a community, what would we do with one million dollars?
9 Answers answer
I'd decide once I have the money in my hand, but there's one guarantee: I'm giving half of it to the government.
BOCs for everyone!
The area that I live in-which is NOT in NY or NJ-has several areas that were very badly hit by Hurricane Sandy. One in particular is in one of the poorest counties in the state. I would ask for $25,000 to make sure that every child in that town received, 1)a warm coat for winter, 2)a decent pair of shoes, 3)some sort of toy-probably a plush, 4)a decent meal for Christmas.
I would hire 12 sky writers (1 in each of 12 different cities) to write the same message in the clouds on the same day... "Amber, will you marry me?" followed by my phone number.
I don't know what it is, but I've got a thing for girls named Amber.
Any money left over would be used to take an Amber out on a really nice date.
I am a Nigerian prince....
My wife and I both grew up poor, so most of our youth experiences were centered around what we did at school. The annual zoo trip had a profound impact on by my life because it was just something my parents couldn't afford to do, it was like a vacation.
25 years later my wife and I have heard that many schools aren't doing the annual trip to the zoo any longer due to rising fuel costs and other expenses. We give as much money as we can to help, but I wish I could drop a $50,000 check to my kid's school district to keep the zoo trip alive.
There are 407 black triangles (▲) today, so that works out to $2457/ea.
I think that will work.
I would loan some money to my friend Brian at 5pm, and give him 24 hours to pay me back. Then when he doesn't pay me back, I'd throw my orange juice in his face, and beat him mercilessly until he does.
I'd put $50,000 aside to pay for college for my kids!


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Building Up Your Marriage
By Rebecca Teti
Thursday: Marriage
(Join each day's Coffee Talk discussion: Mon: Parenting; Tues: Open Forum; Wed: NFP; Thu: Marriage; Fri: Education; Sat/Sun: Changing Roles)
Struggling in your marriage? Have some relationship advice to share? Have a marriage success story to share? Have a man/woman question? This weekly thread is the place to do it.
Come on in and join the conversation!
My husband is initiating sex once per month lately. This does not seem very often to me, and I am starting to wonder if we need to have a conversation about WHY he is letting so much time elapse. I don't know how to have this conversation without sounding accusatory (we did have "internet issues" about two years ago). Back then, the only reason I found out the internet stuff was happening is because a priest gave a sermon about it at our church & afterwards I commented how that didn't apply to US... and there was this hideous awkward pause & then he confessed everything to me. So I never SAW anything on the computer, etc. Because of this, I go through times of feeling suspicious but not having any evidence. Now feels like one of those times. But I honestly have NOTHING that tells me he is doing anything he shouldn't. He just wants sex way less often. I am just asking other women out there how they would handle this.
My husband and I are at odds about cleaning. He wants it to be "my job" (both indoor and outdoors, although he will mow but thats it. And I had to really twist his arm to get him to do the mowing.) I also do all the childCARE and he plays with the kids a little bit after work. I feel swamped and want to share some of this work! He complains about not being a "Mr. Mom" and not being good at "woman's work." He was raised by a single mom and always says, "My mom did it ALL, all by herself!" It ticks him off that I won't change our car's oil, too. I guess his mom probably did that herself, too. Anyways I need help helping my husband see that he's not being womanish by taking on some of these duties (whether its yard cleanup or house cleanup!) And having him appreciate me (instead of comparing me to his mom) would be nice, too.
Unknown, it might help if you can gently remind your husband that you and his mother are two different people, living in different times and places, with different skills, talents, and interests. Do you compare your husband with your father? (Stop if you do!!) Anyway, sometimes gently stating the obvious can clear the air, and sometimes quietly asking for help will get you what you need. Remember to use "I" phrases -- "I need help, I am unable to do this by myself" rather than "You never help me." Good luck and peace to you.
Anon-if your gut instinct is telling you something is up, well, something is definitely up. Either way, you really need to have a sit down talk with him about this...a date night/nice dinner followed by telling him the raw truth about how you are feeling. Let him talk too & just listen. Letting him know that he is wanted/needed may be all that he needs, also don't discount an underlying med issue or stress at work.
Do you have any couple friends you could get together with? Do you play games? Do you have fun as a couple? What kinds of things did you do when you were dating? Let him known that you admire & have the utmost respect for his mother & can't imagine putting yourself in her shoes & how thankful you are for not having to be in her shoes. Also, say a few extra "thank yous" if he does something that you know he considers "women's work". Remember you are on the same team, especially in front of your kids.
Oops. That one above was from me to Unknown..sorry.
Anonymous, I find that asking my husband about sex is the best way to find out what is going on. Sometimes it is something as simple as he is tired from working long hours. If you feel you are sending him the same signals that have worked in the past and your flirtations are not working, then pray about it and have a gentle conversation. Do not bring up the past, just ask if there is something that has changed and maybe he will open up and you can work on it together. Sometimes my husband also waits for me to initiate sex and it is a relief to him that I do.
Dear Anonymous, First, I'm sorry there was internet infidelity in your relationship. Any infidelity can be difficult to overcome. I haven't had the same experience but I know my husbands needs. If he isn't coming to me then I will go to him. I will put on some perfume, something nice under my clothes, and when he gets home from work I make a lot of eye contact - the kind that tells my man I desire him. The kind of look he should only receive from me. I linger with my welcome kiss, I rub his arms in a way that says I can't wait to have these arms hold me later. Let your feet touch under the table etc. Turn him on! Give everything to him when you are in the bedroom. Hold nothing back. If... if he is wandering a bit... FIGHT FOR HIM. TAKE BACK WHAT IS YOURS!! FIGHT WITH YOUR WHOLE BEING!! Everything you do, do out of love for him, out of love for your family and ask God to sanctify it. God bless you.
I appreciate the replies. I just want to add that my husband has strongly told me he NEVER wants me to initiate sex, so he would not find this appealing. The few times I did (when we were first married) he killed my overtures by calling them "pathetic" and "mood killers." Needless to say, I NEVER try anymore, haha! He even pulls away if I try to do a long kiss when he gets home, etc. HE wants to be the one to initiate long kisses when HE wants. At this point in our marriage (5 years in) it takes a lot on my part to touch him at all (unless initiated by him). Basically, I don't. And I don't mean for this to sound too weird. He's a great guy. He just likes to be in charge and that include initiating. So that's why I don't really know what to do when he stops initiating! I'm used to sitting around waiting. But not this long. Talking is going to be hard to do, as previous conversations (initiating by him, of course) have been all about how he likes sex to be his domain. Bleh. :(
Oh, gosh. Just after I typed that, I realized it is all sounding very porn-like. He has always liked to be in charge of the sex area. All of it. And just have me respond when he wants. Like an internet site he can just pull up whenever he wants. Oh great. Why did I not make that connection before? Yuck. I see an ugly conversation coming up. Whether there's porn going ALSO or not, he shouldn't be so much the "boss" in the sex realm. Why did it take me 5 years for this to click? Please pray for us.
Praying for you anonymous
Praying for you, anonymous! Unknown, I remember you posting about some of these frustrations before. Might counseling help since he seems unable to move on from his childhood home to his new here-and-now family? Or, if not, Anne in NC had some good suggestions. Also, might you be able to (gently) point out that, while you admire his mom for doing such a great job on her own with him, does he think that the single-mom household he was raised with is the ideal? And, if not, then what *should* things have been like if his dad had been in the picture? Sure, single parents take on the "jobs" that should be shared equally and many of them do very well. But rarely does anyone think that that is the way things "should" be or that, if the other spouse were present, nothing at all would be different except having another person watching while the not-technically-single parent keeps on single-parenting. Anyway, talking about what he would have expected to see his dad do might give him a different perspective. Would he have been happy to have a dad treat his mom the way dh treats you?
Unknown, just had to throw out another thought: did he have responsibilities to help around the house as he got old enough or did his mom keep doing it all? We've all seen the martyr-complex type of person who won't let anyone else help shoulder the weight of the world; was his mom that type at all, so he never had anyone expect (or teach) him to help out? I also remember meeting one mother and son at a conference: she was a single mom who had been abused and had a hugely negative view of all men (and need for all women to be viewed as perfect - b/c otherwise abuse would be women's fault). I don't know if she got anything from that week, but for her son (age 18 or 19), it was clearly the first time he had heard anything positive about being male (this was a Theology of the Body class). Could something similar have been the case for dh? That maybe there wasn't anything good to being a guy, so there's clearly nothing useful or good that he could do (not that you convey that, but if that's the mindset he was ingrained with, it's hard to shake, especially if it's not conscious). Also, affirmation is what kids look to their dads for - and since he didn't get that, or any role modeling or teaching of "here's this guy thing that I'm passing on to you," he's afraid of not being competent at those "guy things" and so he just passes them on to you as "woman's work" that he has no business being competent at? I mean, it's not like oil changes and mowing are exactly considered "woman's work" in our society, so it makes me wonder if some family-of-origin insecurities are the underlying problem.


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Another day, another drop in new home sales. Another week, another rise in delinquent mortgages. Wake up, American paupers: the American dream of home ownership is dumb.
Admittedly, this is not a new idea. We had a whole national economic collapse over this very issue! Still, any time you get around a group of people of "a certain age" and "a certain income" (30something, making enough money not to qualify for food stamps), talk will inevitably turn to "buying a place" in order to "stop throwing money away on rent" and "get some space for the kids." (We hate your kids also, but that is a separate topic.)
Purchasing a home is fundamentally an economic decision. Economics is a rational science. Let's put aside emotion and sentimentality and take a hard but fair look at the pluses and minuses of buying rather than renting.
The Pluses:
- More space to spread out your growing pile of bills.
- You get the satisfaction of paying to fix every little thing that breaks, not asking a "landlord" for a handout.
- A debt that will take you 30 years to pay off, just like a real adult.
- Don't have to worry about pesky "freedom" any more.
- Maybe when you die, your kids will make a little money selling it, or not.
- You can paint it.
Now, The Minuses:
- Recent economic history.
- You can't afford it.
- Shit is a hassle.
Buying a home is for old people, with stable incomes, who don't have anywhere better to go, because they've decided to exchange life's sense of possibility and wonder for "a lawn." A lawn, people. Sometimes not even that. Sometimes just the idea of moving up to a place with a lawn, later in life.
Lawns are not worth it.
[Photo via Vagabond Shutterbug/Flickr]


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That color target card!
During a photoshoot we routinely include a color target in test shots. This helps out our art director. There is something about that card. It seems to bring out hidden personalities. Here are some out-takes from the photography for norah gaughan vol.1
The formerly calm and serene Ashley succombs to the power of the color target. See the calm and serene version here
Worldly Astrid: The color target seems to transform Eleanor into a Bedouin woman from a far away land. Remember that famous cover of National Geographic?
5 Comments Post a comment
What a great inside peek!!! I love Volume 1 and can't wait for Vol. 2.October 8, 2007


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Sharon Otterman
Recent and archived news articles by Sharon Otterman of The New York Times.
The End of Prescriptions as We Know Them in New York
Starting on March 27, physicians in the state will have to write out prescriptions electronically, as part of an effort to reduce fraud and errors.
March 15, 2016, Tuesday
Woman's Lawsuit Says DNA Proves Mt. Sinai Doctor Assaulted Her
The suit, filed in State Supreme Court, seeks monetary damages from the hospital and Dr. David H. Newman, whom she says sexual attacked her last month.
February 23, 2016, Tuesday
Cuomo's Proposal Seeks Confidentiality for Minors With H.I.V.
The governor's office said that the plan would help remedy situations in which teenagers cannot seek H.I.V. treatment without parental consent.
February 11, 2016, Thursday
New York State to Offer Free Zika Testing to Pregnant Travelers
The state will offer tests to all pregnant women who have been to a country affected by the Zika epidemic, regardless of whether they show symptoms, Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo said.
February 5, 2016, Friday
MORE ON: Zika Virus , Cuomo, Andrew M , Tests (Medical) , New York State , Health Department (NYS)
New York City Officials Announce Efforts to Fight Zika Virus
With seven confirmed cases in the state, including three in the city, health administrators announced plans to prevent the virus from spreading.
January 29, 2016, Friday
MORE ON: Zika Virus , New York City , Mosquitoes , New York State
Bronx Priest Suspended in Abuse Case
The Rev. Richard Gorman is director of prison chaplains for the Archdiocese of New York, and has also been chairman of Community Board 12 in the northeast Bronx.
January 22, 2016, Friday
Colleagues Express Disbelief Over Arrest of Doctor With Picture-Perfect Life
Dr. David H. Newman, accused of groping patients in an emergency room in Manhattan, was a prominent advocate of health care reform.
January 21, 2016, Thursday
Joel Klein, Ex-New York Schools Chancellor, to Join Health Insurance Start-Up
Mr. Klein, who left the schools in 2010 to work for Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation as leader of a digital education division, will become a top executive at Oscar.
January 15, 2016, Friday
On the Beat, With a Breast Pump
The reporter Sharon Otterman interrupts her maternity leave to cover the pope's recent visit to New York.
October 5, 2015, Monday
Pope Francis, in New York, Takes On Extremism and Inequality
The pope, who was met by adoring crowds at every stop in New York, capped his electric visit by celebrating a Mass at Madison Square Garden on Friday night.
September 26, 2015, Saturday
MORE ON: Francis , Roman Catholic Church , New York City , Manhattan (NYC) , Central Park (Manhattan, NY) , Poverty
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| Fu, X., Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina, China; Li, X., Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina, China; Lin, A., PetroChina Ltd., Co, China; Zhang, L., Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina, China
[crude oil]
[natural gas]
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) announced in its
January 2012 World Economic Outlook that the global
GDP growth rate was 3.8% in 2011. However, Asian-Pacific
nations bucked this trend. In 2011, Chinas GDP was 9.2%
and Indias GDP reached 7.4%. The IMF estimates that
global 2012 GDP will grow by 3.3%; Chinas GDP will grow
by 8.2%, and Indias GDP will increase by
7%. The global economy is threatened by intensifying strains in
the euro area. Financial conditions have deteriorated, and
growth prospects are dimming. Lower demand for Asian exports is
dragging growth. However, Asian economies continue to remain
buoyed by continuing strong domestic demand.
In 2012, worldwide refining capacity is estimated to reach
88.05 million bpd (MMbpd). The Asian-Pacific region has 24.92
MMbpd of refining capacity, accounting for approximately 28.3%
of global refining capacity. Members of the top 10 refining
nations include four Asian countries:
Asia has 164 operating refineries; North America has 148
refineries; and Western Europe has 99 refineries. The
refining capacity share by region is 28.3%, 24.1% and 16.4%,
respectively. A new reconfiguration of the global refining
industry has formed. At present, Asia is now the major refining
sector; North America is second, and Western Europe is third.
Worldwide ethylene capacity reached 138 MMtpy in 2010.
Ethylene capacity in Asia increased to 42.63 MMtpy, exceeding
North America. China has 15.22 MMtpy of ethylene capacity;
Japan has 7.26 MMtpy; South Korea has 5.63 MMtpy; and India is
operating 3.31 MMtpy of ethylene capacity. The Asian-Pacific
region accounts for 30.8% of total worldwide ethylene capacity
and has the highest operating capacity.
In 2011, Chinas refining industry had 150 refineries,
of which 21 refineries have a site operating capacity exceeding
0.2 MMbpd.
In China, three large, government-owned refining enterprises
dominate the domestic refining industry. Sinopec is the largest
state-owned hydrocarbon processing company, with a
refining capacity of 4.44 MMbpd. The second-largest
government-owned refiner is China National Petroleum Corp.
(CNPC)the parent company of PetroChina. CNPC operates
3.44 MMbpd of refining capacity. China National Offshore Oil
Corp. (CNOOC) is the third-largest state-owned refining
company, with 0.6 MMbpd of production capacity. In addition,
small local refineries (referred to as teapot
refineries) are in operation, with a combined refining capacity
exceeding 2 MMbpd.
China has 15.7 MMtpy of total ethylene operating capacity
and is ranked second in the world after the US. Six ethylene
plants have a production capacity exceeding 1 MMtpy. Sinopec
and CNPC are the main ethylene producers.
According to Chinas 20112015 petrochemical plan, by 2015, three
to four refining bases (with 0.4 MMbpd of capacity) and three
ethylene bases (with 2 MMtpy of capacity) will be in operation.
The average capacity for Chinese refineries will exceed 0.12
MMbpd, and ethylene production capacity will exceed 0.7 MMtpy.
Total crude oil processing capacity will reach 12 MMbpd.
Ethylene capacity is expected to reach 2.7 MMtpy.
Fig. 1. Chinas
refining and ethylene production facilities.
In 2011, Indias total crude processing capacity
reached 4.04 MMbpd; nearly 64% of the countrys refining
capacity is controlled by public-sector refineries. Aggregate
demand of refined products for the domestic market will reach 4
MMbpd in 2015. New refineries and expansion plans will continue, thus
increasing Indias refining capacity to 5.04 MMbpd by
2015. As a major petrochemical producer and consumer, India has
seven ethylene complexes with a total capacity of 2.51 MMtpy,
and is ranked 15th in the world. In 2006, the Indian government
established the Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Regions
(PCPIRs) to promote petrochemical industry investment. The
PCPIRs will help boost Indias ethylene capacity to nearly
8 MMtpy by 2014.
While the Asian refining industry is booming, it also faces
new challenges:
Tight oil supply and growing dependence on
imports. Asias proven crude oil reserves are
smaller than those in the Middle East and the Americas.
Consequently, Asia is not self-sufficient. China is the
second-largest oil-importing country after the US. In 2011,
Chinese crude oil imports increased to 254 MMt, with imports
supplying 55.1% of crude oil demand. India is the fourth-largest
oil-importing country; over 80% of its daily crude demand is
met through imports. India imported 163.51 MMt of crude oil in
Rising refinery over-capacity. The
global recessions stifling impact on demand is
manifesting itself at a time when Asia-Pacifics refining
capacity is surging. This scenario is driving down refining
margins and utilization rates. Oil demand in the US and Europe continues to decline. In
contrast, Asian-Pacific refiners continue to rely on exports to
manage excess supplies. Japan and South Korea are greatly
impacted by the global recession and demand downturn. Both
nations economic growth is centered on external
demand. In addition, India, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia and
the Philippines have reduced loading rates to adapt to the new
market. At present, Chinas crude oil processing capacity
is 10.8 MMbpd, and the total crude oil volume processed was
8.96 MMbpd in 2011, with an 83% utilization rate. It is
forecast that refinery over-capacity will increase
and utilization rates will further decline.
Emerging CO2 emissions-reduction
requirements. High energy consumption is accompanied
by higher carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions by the refining industry. Energy
conservation is occurring in response to climate change and
sustainable development issues, but it is a long-term task.
Emerging Asian economies, especially China, will be under
greater pressure to limit CO2 emissions. As
Chinas carbon emissions are ranked first in
the world, saving energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions
are closely related to economic and social development. The
Chinese government has incorporated climate change and
CO2 emissions into national economic and social
development plans by comprehensive legal, economic, scientific
and technological measures. Under the Copenhagen Accord, China
promised to reduce CO2 emissions per unit of GDP by
40% to 45% in 2020. In the future, Chinese and Indian
petrochemical companies will bear more pressure to reduce
CO2 emissions.
Since 2008, the Asian-Pacific refining and petrochemical
industries have suffered from the international financial
crisis. At present, the Asian-Pacific refining and petrochemical industries are showing
signs of recovery. Refining profits are low; the threat of
excessive production is still a problem. Accordingly, some
measures are being taken to achieve sustainable
Expanding energy sources and
diversification. Despite steady domestic petroleum
output, Asia is expanding its energy resources from the Middle
East, Russia, Africa, South America and other countries.
Diversity is needed to ensure security of energy supplies and
safety. The rapid development of alternative fuels including
coal, natural gas, biomass and others is being explored. Biofuels, gas-to-liquids and
coal-to-liquids are supplementing the oil-based fuel market.
Refineries are striving to process more diverse materials.
Optimizing crude processes and increasing fuel
yields. Since Asia-Pacific is poor in oil reserves, it
is very important to fully utilize all resources. Such efforts
include optimizing refining processes and maximizing yields of
transportation fuels. For example, light oil yields are less
than 75% in Chinamuch less than the 82.7% at North
American refineries. Some solutions are needed to increase the
economic benefits and competitiveness of refining companies in
Asia-Pacific. Such actions include increasing complexity,
upgrading heavy-oil processing, increasing light oil yields and
optimizing refining operations.
For example, PetroChina is researching technologies to
handle Venezuelan extra-heavy oil. Its proprietary
hydrogen-donated thermal cracking (HDTC) process can produce
marine oil and bitumen from Venezuelan extra-heavy oil. Three
commercial units using the HDTC technology are in operation. The
HDTC process provides good performance for viscosity reduction
of extra-heavy oils. Commercial-scale experiments on delayed coking technology to process 100%
Venezuelan extra-heavy-oil vacuum residue were successfully
completed by PetroChina.
CO2 emission reductions are actively initiated in
response to climate change. Energy conservation and minimizing
fossil fuels usage are the most important and direct measures.
Possible detailed measures are phasing out older,
less-efficient refineries; installing energy-saving equipment
and sophisticated technologies; improving energy utilization
efficiency; and reducing fossil fuel consumption in production
processes. Other options include adjusting the energy structure
and developing biofuels to reduce CO2
source emissions.
Asia-Pacific countries, especially China and India with their enormous market
potential, are attracting many foreign investors for the
refining and petrochemical industries. However, Asian-Pacific
refining and petrochemical technology development remains low.
Asian-Pacific countries need to change economic growth modes;
strengthen their technology absorption and
re-innovation; improve their integrated innovation abilities;
and focus on clean-fuel production, deep processing of heavy
oils, and energy-saving and CO2 emissions-reduction
technologies. HP
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A searchable database of project activity in the global hydrocarbon processing industry
Engineers and designers are highly skilled individuals. Forcing them to enter design changes using tables, forms and spreadsheets is unproductive and uneconomical, and it increases the likelihood of human error—this is the way that most instrumentation software systems currently work. For too long, software vendors have denied engineers and designers the simple practicality of a graphical visual engineering interface with "drag and drop" capability and inbuilt intelligence, ensuring changes are automatically replicated into all the associated data and databases.
Is 2016 the peak for US gasoline demand?
Too soon to tell
July 2016


text:
Let $G= SL(2, F)$, given a torus $T$, the Weyl group with respect to $T$ is defined to be $W=N(T)/Z(T)$, the quotient of the normalizer $N(T)$ of the torus by the centralizer $Z(T)$ of the torus.
My question might be basic and elementary for some of you, but I would like to be in a complete understanding.
Why Weyl group of $SL(2, F)$ is the group $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$?


text:
I can't find a good tutorial on the new menu handling functions, and the ones I found don't seem to work for me. What am I doing wrong?
In my
(I'm using the Blank Slate theme as a framework; I'll figure out later what's noise, but it's pretty minimal -- hence the name)
function blankslate_register_menus() {
register_nav_menus( array( 'main-menu' => __( 'Main Menu', 'blankslate' )));
Next, on
<?php wp_nav_menu( array( 'theme_location' => 'main-menu' ) ); ?>
And finally, testing my
style.css for every possible option:
.main-menu, .main-menu *, #main-menu *, #main-menu {
font-size: 40px;
Does nothing. The menu items are simply listed like a simple HTML
<ul> would be. I've followed this tutorial: http://justintadlock.com/archives/2010/06/01/goodbye-headaches-hello-menus which is the opnly decent and recent one I found, but I don't see what I've done different.
(if I try the class
.menu, it works, so the problem is in what I'm assuming the classes are?)
Also, the tutorial mentions a whole lot of parameters that cane be added to the
register_nav_menu() function, like custom tags, and using
<div> by default, yet no mention of how to actually set them.
Any help?
My theme is almost done and I've been stuck on a freaking menu function all day... I'd've made a menu old school by now :/


text:
After falling to my death a number of times in Moon Cave, I turned to the walkthroughs. A typical example reads:
Jump on the elevator nearby. He warns not to disturb him lest the platform go crashing down into the pit below. Power Slash him anyway and he will drop the controls, sending the platform down. You have to slash him a number of times before reaching an opening.
After jumping onto the land to the left, move past the Imp guard and into another cavern with more enemy Imps.
It's the jumping to the "land on the left" that causes problems for me. Every time I try, I fall just a few units short of making the jump. What am I doing wrong?


text:
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From Noisebridge
Revision as of 16:53, 29 July 2008 by AlSweigart (Talk | contribs)
I enjoy programming, computer security, Python, writing useful software, making web applications, bicycles, vlogging, and helping others learn programming. I'm from Houston and went to school in Austin before moving to San Francisco at the beginning of 2007.
My personal site is http://coffeeghost.net
I wrote a book to teach kids Python game programming by examples. The book is complete and available under a Creative Commons license at http://pythonbook.coffeeghost.net
Current projects include:
- A 3D laser scanner system that can be made from free software and off-the-shelf parts.
- Revisions to the Python book.
- A Craigslist notification website.
- Virtual museum software project.
- Virtual tour author software to let people make their own Google Street-view style website.


text:
When you really think about it, coping with extreme stress is something that can have a huge impact depending on the circumstance.
10 years has gone by, and the world has changed so dramatically it's hard to believe. The loss of that familiar feeling of security has hit the entire planet, it seems. And that's something we've all had to find a way to accept and deal with the best we can. We all have personal power, more than enough to handle situations that seem out of control. To survive extreme stress situations, here are some methods that will help you do this without too many problems.
Have you ever been in a life-threatening situation? The best thing to do is to always remain in the present moment at all times. There are different contexts such as suddenly discovering you're lost in the wilderness and the weather is unfriendly. Adhering to this advice is probably not going to happen if you have a gun pointed at your head causing you to panic. So if you're not in the present moment, then you won't be able to handle situations like this when they arise. If you focus on the highly charged feelings of what could happen, then that will only take you down the slippery slope. Also, if you're not alone, then fear has a way of becoming contagious which is what you don't want to happen.
If you're dealing with a stressful situation, and you lose hope, the crushing pressure of stress can finish you off very easily. When a person loses hope, they may opt for dying. Concentration camps in World War II had many people that went this direction. If you are in a very stressful situation, they need to stay positive and hopeful at all times.
One thing my own experiences have taught me is the deeper I dig, the more hope I find. That's easier said than done and sometimes it may feel like the last desperate act. It's about making an individual choice, a right that everyone has. Without a doubt, hope is your strongest ally when it comes to facing adversaries in situations that seem impossible to conquer.
We hope what you will have found out up to now relevant to living with extreme stress, plus additionally the particular information about stress symptoms, is of assistance to you. Please keep reading even more to find further details about this subject.
If we have really stressful events happen in our lives, we can sometimes be positive about what has occurred. Some people write books, make paintings, or find some positive outlet that allows their emotions to heal. Talking to someone is always a good idea, but only if you trust them with what you want to share. Talking allowed you to release thoughts and feelings you keep inside, ones that you probably don't want to confront on a regular basis. Good and bad feelings, related to psychological pressures, can be released by simply talking with others. Even if the other person doesn't say anything, it's good to release this emotional tension in some way. Opening the doors to emotional healing can be yours if you actually do get some type of feedback.
How you respond to extreme stress is the true litmus test of life. Doing things the right way, and emerging smelling like roses, is what we want, but it may not happen. Discover knowledge that you may need at a later point. Doing this, you will be one step ahead of everyone else.


text:
Oracle Kicks Off "Oracle Systems: Enhancing Your Applications" Event Series
By Kgee-Oracle on Feb 13, 2014
Oracle is kicking off a 17-city North American event series on how running Oracle Applications on Oracle hardware can help customers deliver maximum value and achieve dramatically better business results.
Watch Video - Oracle Systems: Together with Oracle Applications
Oracle has engineered and optimized every layer of the underlying hardware and software to work together—so you can replace wait time with work time and get more out of your business.
At the Oracle Systems: Enhancing Your Applications event, attendees will learn how they can:
The series kicks off February 19 in Nashville and February 20 in Toronto. Check the full list for a city near you and register today.
- Reduce costs and focus on innovation with superior Oracle ERP and CRM application and database performance
- Improve time to value by adding new capabilities when you need them
- Drive productivity and business value with Oracle Hardware systems and Oracle Optimized Solutions
- Transform business processes with Oracle's new In-Memory Applications for Oracle's Engineered Systems


text:
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Crusaders have room to improve after victory
WATERBURY — Football fans looking for a simple, accurate description of Friday's Naugatuck Valley League opener between Holy Cross and Watertown can settle for one word: sloppy.
"That's a pretty good way to put it," Crusaders coach Mike Giampetruzzi said after his team wrapped up a 29-7 victory over the Indians before an estimated 800 fans at Municipal Stadium.
Neither offense impressed for more than a few plays, so it was tough to tell just how well the defenses played. Neither team broke the 100-yard mark in the first half, and each squad tallied just 119 yards by the time three quarters had expired.
New Holy Cross (1-0) quarterback Joe Kalosky wasn't especially pleased with anything — "Our running game struggled, drops weren't good and we missed some blocks" — but it was enough to grab a season-opening win and convince him things will get better.
"I think we'll figure it out," said Kalosky, who completed seven of 20 passes for 144 yards and two touchdowns in his first start as the successor to Kristian Harmeling. "We just never got into a flow tonight."
The halftime score was 14-0, but Holy Cross' offense only had to do heavy lifting to notch one of those scores. The Crusaders' first touchdown, which ended their first drive, came after Drew Bialoglowy
See CROSS, Page 6B
returned the opening kickoff 76 yards to the Watertown 9-yard line. Three plays later, Gerron Pendarvis barreled into the end zone from 3 yards out to make it 7-0.
Later in the first quarter, Holy Cross put together its best drive of the night with a seven-play, 59-yard series that ended with Kalosky's first career touchdown pass, a 26-yard hookup with tight end Breonte Nealy.
The next 30 minutes of play, though, were a struggle for Cross and Watertown (0-1) . They traded five threes-and-out, and both teams could not capitalize on opportunities. They each failed on fourth-down conversions in opposing territory, too.
Holy Cross forced three turnovers on the night and didn't score a single point. Both teams suffered nagging injuries throughout the game, including Holy Cross linemen Anthony Lucia and Nealy.
A bright spot of the night for Giampetruzzi and Pendarvis was the way reserves filled in for injured players.
"There were a lot of new faces out there," Giampetruzzi said. "It was nice to see the next man step up."
"A lot of guys went down, but we seemed to keep everything running," Pendarvis said.
Another impressive performance came from Pendarvis, who was not as involved in the offense as some may have expected (seven touches for 17 yards) but blocked a Watertown punt and laid a few bruising hits on Watertown running back Anthony Yordon (game-high 76 rushing yards) and quarterback AJ Cattaneo (11-for-18, 126 yards).
"There were lots of holes in the line," said Pendarvis, who had more to do with creating those gaps than simply running through them.
"It's good to see him just be ready to go like that," Giampetruzzi said of Pendarvis. "He played very well defensively. If he plays like that the rest of the season, I'll be very happy."
The fifth-year coach will also probably be pleased if his offense plays more like the way it did in the fourth period, when the Crusaders tacked on two more touchdowns. One came on a 6-yard run by Bialoglowy on the first play of the period, and the other came on a third-and-17 play when Kalosky found Weaver on a fly for a 64-yard score to make it 29-0.
"Joe played pretty well," Giampetruzzi said. "He threw the ball pretty well and he managed our offense well."
Matt Terlizzi scored Watertown's only touchdown on an 11-yard run late in the fourth quarter.
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text:
Repairing Wood Rot
A Fine Mess
It's essential to find out how badly the rot has traveled around as eliminating it from one area will not stop it from traveling to other parts of your home. It must be destroyed in its entirety.
Around the House
It's really not that necessary to determine what kind of rot you have. Rot is rot. That said, white rot damages the structural integrity of wood more slowly. Wood infected with white rot is often still useable in the early stages of decay. Not so with brown rot. Even a small amount of it can have a significant effect on wood's strength.
Tool Chest
Borates are chemicals derived from boron, a naturally occurring mineral.
It's important to determine the extent of the damage before you begin to repair and replace the wood. You can do this with a sharp-ended tool like a screwdriver or awl.
Remove as much rotten wood as possible (and economically feasible) before beginning repairs. In structural wood — columns, beams, girders, and the like — it's important to cut back to sound wood; if possible, the cut should be made at least one foot beyond the last evidence of rot. You don't have to be as aggressive on things like window trim, but you still should remove as much rotten wood as you can.
If you're replacing structural wood, keep the new lumber away from the old if at all possible, and be sure to use pressure-treated wood. For repairs in hard-to-maintain areas or in wood that's constantly exposed to the elements, you'll want to treat existing wood, too.
Borates are the chemical of choice for treating and stopping rots, and have been used for this purpose for many years. They are water-based, low in toxicity, environmentally friendly, and they last a long time. Since they are water-based, they actually use the water in wood as a carrier. When wood is dry, borates stay in place. When wood gets wet, the borates move through the wood. As they do, they both kill fungi and protect the wood from future infections.
Borate products are sold under a number of brand names, including Bora-Care, Guardian, Jecta, Tim-bor, Shell-Guard, and IMPEL Rods. All of them both protect and treat wood and wood-foam composite materials against fungi and wood-destroying insects (more about these in The Trouble with Termites). Some are solutions that you spray or brush on. Tim-bor is available as a dust that you inject into cracks and hard-to-reach spaces. IMPEL Rods, as the name suggests, are rod-shaped devices that slip into holes drilled in wood.
Choose the product that best suits your needs, and follow the label directions for mixing and application.
More on: Home Improvements
Excerpted from The Complete Idiot's Guide to Common Household Disasters © 2005 by Paul Hayman and Sonia Weiss. All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Used by arrangement with Alpha Books, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
To order this book visit Amazon's web site or call 1-800-253-6476.


text:
I don't have any pain if I walk for an hour or so. I walk to work every day (2 x 20 mins). I take long walks on weekends, but no knee pain after that. I started running. Small distances at first (2.5 - 3 km), then longer ones (5 - 6km). After third day of running long distance I felt pain in outer area of my knees. I wanted to know if this is temporary and if I should see a doctor because of this? Should I stop running or just shorten the distances I run and start lengthening them once my legs are more used to it?
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It is definitely not a good idea for you to continue without consulting a doctor or a physiotherapist. Based on my personal experience, I think you should starr by consulting a physiotherapist. They will look at your joints, spine, muscles, etc. They will give you corrective measures and exercises to do. My physiotherapist also took the time to analyze my running and told me how to adjust because I was not running properly. Overall, I do not struggle with sore knees anymore thanks to my physiotherapist!


text:
Minister of Defense Prince Salman bin Abdulaziz this evening attended a dinner in his honor hosted by Saudi Ambassador to the U.S. Adel A. Al-Jubeir at the Fairmont Hotel in Washington, DC. The dinner was attended by members of the diplomatic corps, including Arab and Islamic ambassadors, U.S. officials, members of the Embassy staff, as well as business and community leaders.
Prince Salman arrived in Washington on Tuesday for a three-day official visit during which he met with several U.S. officials, including President Barack Obama; Secretary of State Hillary Clinton; Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta; Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism, Mr. John Brennan; CENTCOM Commander Gen. James Mattis; and Director of the Missile Defense Agency Gen. Patrick O'Reilly.


text:
AUGI members worldwide write articles, papers, tutorials all the time. Here we host that material on our site in a manner that allows readers to find what they are interested in. We have sections in a number of areas, some related to products and others management and organizational issues.
April Articles
Predictions of a Present FutureJay Zallan and Marcello Sgambelluri present Revit Architecture 2014 new features and enhancements with a little help from "Revitdamus"


text:
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| HP News
The shift in the global ethylene feedstock slate will be driven by ethane-based capacity in the US and the Middle East, and low natural gas prices in the US and Saudi Arabia.
Nearly half of the worlds ethylene will be
produced from ethane and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) by
2023, mostly at the expense of naphtha.
These findings were made available Friday in ESAI
Energys new study, entitled A Perfect Storm: Global Natural Gas
Liquids 2013-2023.
The shift in the global ethylene feedstock slate is driven by
ethane-based capacity in the US and the Middle East, and low
natural gas prices in the US and Saudi
Global ethylene production will expand from 127
million tpy in 2012 to 174 million tpy by 2023, an
increase of 47 million tpy. Of this growth, 24 million tons of
production will be ethane and LPG based, and 15 million tons
will be naphtha-based production.
The feedstock shift is most dramatic in
North America, where prolific shale gas production yields cheap
ethane in the US and is driving a petrochemical resurgence. By 2023,
total planned ethane-based ethylene capacity additions amount
to an impressive 11 million tpy.
Increased ethane use in North America will mark the
return of that region as a highly competitive ethylene
derivatives producer and exporter, said Vivek
Mathur of ESAI Energy.
By 2023, North American exports of key ethylene derivatives
could grow to over 10 million tpy, which would double
todays levels. Exports will target not only Latin
America but also Europe and Asia, competing directly
with Middle Eastern exporters.
The increased substitution of naphtha by ethane,
however, will also impact the supply of other petrochemical by-products,
said Mathur. We are looking at lower production of
relatively higher value petrochemicals like propylene and
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All fields are compulsory.
ankit sharma
i understand your question about the shift to cheaper fuels such as ethane, LPG will result in lower yield of ethylene co-products but i just want to understand one thing. as far as i know, even ethane yields c4 chain (butadiene, , PBR, mtbe, butene, lpg and so on...) and aromatic feedstock (for benzene) as well as propylene. then why is it so that the by products will be compromised if we shift to ethane as a source. thanks...
I am wondering what will happen to the rubber demand in world. Has there been any substitution for rubber to be used in automotive industry, with the reduction of Naphtha as feed to the Olefin plant and subsequent reduction of butadiene. would appreciate to receive any reference with respect to the butadiene shortages and its substitutions.Thanks,
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Engineers and designers are highly skilled individuals. Forcing them to enter design changes using tables, forms and spreadsheets is unproductive and uneconomical, and it increases the likelihood of human error—this is the way that most instrumentation software systems currently work. For too long, software vendors have denied engineers and designers the simple practicality of a graphical visual engineering interface with "drag and drop" capability and inbuilt intelligence, ensuring changes are automatically replicated into all the associated data and databases.
Is 2016 the peak for US gasoline demand?
Too soon to tell
July 2016


text:
They are working hard over at Auctioneer in preparation for WoLK, and a new preview version has been released, version 3471.
Nechckn says there have been over 130 updates and enhancements!
Some highlights include:
•One of the biggest areas of concentration for this revision is the Informant item database- thankfully taken up and enhanced by two of our team members.
•Some clean up of the AutoMagic sub-addon, including sales lists that will save across session and the help file.
•Configure buttons now on the Appraiser and Browse Frames- those open the respective sections of the configuration options.
•The size of the End of Scan report has been reduced.
•/AAdv clear <itemlink> now properly clears data from the Stat-Histogram in addition to the other stats that were already cleared by the command.
•Many other changes, all of them are listed below.
Where do you get it: Auctioneer Addon Download page
If you are upgrading, remember to
- Backup your saved variables.
- Delete your old Auctioneer mod before installing (reduces the likelihood of later errors)
Gnomer and Out!


text:
Frankie E. Herrell, 71
Published: Friday, December 14, 2012 at 4:30 a.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, December 13, 2012 at 3:33 p.m.
Frankie E. Herrell, 71
EAST FLAT ROCK — Frankie Eugene Herrell, 71, of East Flat Rock, died Wednesday, Dec. 12, 2012, at his residence. He was a native of Almonte, Calif., a son of the late Teed and Jessie Kirkpatrick Herrell.
He is survived by his wife, Cynthia Blackwell Herrell; two sons, Frankie Herrell, Jr. of Columbia, Tenn., and John Harris, of Penrose; a daughter, Cathy Hollenbeck, of East Flat Rock; one brother; three sisters, and seven grandchildren.
He retired from Kenmure.
No services are planned.
Memorials may be made to Four Seasons Hospice, 581 South Allen Rd. Flat Rock N.C. 23731.
Arrangements are by South Park Funeral and Cremation Service.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


text:
Simple Definition of subordinate
: in a position of less power or authority than someone else
: less important than someone or something else
Full Definition of subordinate
1 : placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or position : inferior <a subordinate officer>
2 : submissive to or controlled by authority
3a : of, relating to, or constituting a clause that functions as a noun, adjective, or adverbb : subordinating
See subordinate defined for English-language learners
See subordinate defined for kids
Examples of subordinate in a sentence
About two-thirds of the way through, this nonsense comes to life for fifteen minutes when the point of view shifts to that of a subordinate character, an aging thug (well played by Laurence Fishburne) who is employed by the casino to spot card counters. —Richard Alleva, Commonweal, May 9, 2008
A reporter's right to protect a source is a subordinate matter that obfuscates the more important issue of violating journalistic integrity and responsibility when one becomes an agent, if not a pawn, of a mean-spirited and vindictive retaliation scheme. —Jon Duffey, Editor & Publisher, 13 Oct. 2003
She was thirty-three, furiously frustrated with her subordinate role in the studio—attending to the model's hair, makeup, and clothes—and chronically dissatisfied with her own pictures, which represented a different kind of woman's work. —Judith Thurman, New Yorker, 13 Oct. 2003
<his contention is that environment plays a subordinate role to heredity in determining what we become>
Origin and Etymology of subordinate
Middle English subordinat, from Medieval Latin subordinatus, past participle of subordinare to subordinate, from Latin sub- + ordinare to order — more at ordain
First Known Use: 15th century
Simple Definition of subordinate
: someone who has less power or authority than someone else : someone who is subordinate to someone else
Full Definition of subordinate
: one who stands in order or rank below another : one that is subordinate
See subordinate defined for English-language learners
Examples of subordinate in a sentence
Case in point: the dismissal of advertising chief Julie Roehm, accused of having an affair with a subordinate (also fired) and taking freebies from an advertising agency (also fired) in violation of company policies. —Bill Saporito, Time, 12 Nov. 2007
He ran an extremely unhappy headquarters. He tended to berate subordinates, frequently shouting and cursing at them. —Thomas E. Ricks, Fiasco, 2006
She also found it impossible to give negative feedback. As a consequence, her work and that of her subordinates started to suffer, and she was missing deadlines. —Steven Berglas, Harvard Business Review, June 2002
She leaves the day-to-day running of the firm to her subordinates.
<subordinates do most of the actual creation of the famous designer's clothing designs>
Origin and Etymology of subordinate
(see 1subordinate)
First Known Use: 1640
Rhymes with subordinate
abbreviate, abominate, accelerate, accentuate, accommodate, acculturate, accumulate, adjudicate, adulterate, affiliate, agglomerate, alienate, alleviate, alliterate, amalgamate, ameliorate, amyl nitrate, annihilate, annunciate, anticipate, apostolate, appreciate, appropriate, approximate, arpeggiate, articulate, asphyxiate, assassinate, asseverate, assimilate, associate, at any rate, attenuate, authenticate, barbiturate, bicarbonate, calumniate, capacitate, capitulate, catholicate, certificate, coagulate, coelenterate, collaborate, commemorate, commiserate, communicate, compassionate, concatenate, conciliate, confabulate, confederate, conglomerate, congratulate, consolidate, contaminate, cooperate, coordinate, corroborate, deactivate, debilitate, decapitate, decelerate, decerebrate, deconcentrate, deconsecrate, decorticate, decrepitate, de-escalate, defibrinate, defoliate, degenerate, deliberate, delineate, demodulate, denominate, depopulate, depreciate, deracinate, deregulate, desegregate, desiderate, detoxicate, devaluate, diaconate, dilapidate, discriminate, disintegrate, disseminate, dissimulate, dissociate, domesticate, effectuate, ejaculate, elaborate, electroplate, eliminate, elucidate, emaciate, emancipate, emasculate, encapsulate, enumerate, enunciate, episcopate, equivocate, eradicate, etiolate, evacuate, evaluate, evaporate, eventuate, eviscerate, exacerbate, exaggerate, exasperate, excited state, excogitate, excoriate, exfoliate, exhilarate, exonerate, expatiate, expatriate, expectorate, expostulate, expropriate, extenuate, exterminate, extrapolate, facilitate, felicitate, fish or cut bait, garrison state, gesticulate, habilitate, habituate, hallucinate, humiliate, hydrogenate, hypothecate, illuminate, impersonate, inactivate, inaugurate, incarcerate, incinerate, incorporate, incriminate, indoctrinate, inebriate, infatuate, infuriate, ingratiate, ingurgitate, initiate, inoculate, inseminate, insinuate, instantiate, intercalate, interpolate, interrelate, interrogate, intimidate, intoxicate, invalidate, investigate, invigorate, irradiate, Italianate, Korea Strait, lanceolate, legitimate, luxuriate, mandarinate, manipulate, matriarchate, matriculate, Merthiolate, necessitate, negotiate, noncandidate, obliterate, officiate, Orange Free State, orientate, originate, oxygenate, participate, particulate, patriarchate, patriciate, perambulate, peregrinate, perpetuate, pontificate, precipitate, predestinate, predominate, prefabricate, premeditate, preponderate, prevaricate, procrastinate, prognosticate, proliferate, propitiate, proportionate, quadruplicate, quintuplicate, reciprocate, recriminate, recuperate, redecorate, reduplicate, reeducate, refrigerate, regenerate, regurgitate, reincarnate, reintegrate, reiterate, rejuvenate, remunerate, repatriate, repudiate, resuscitate, retaliate, reticulate, revaluate, reverberate, scholasticate, second estate, self-flagellate, self-immolate, self-pollinate, seventy-eight, sextuplicate, Singapore Strait, sophisticate, substantiate, syllabicate, tergiversate, transliterate, triangulate, vanity plate, variegate, vaticinate, vituperate, vociferate
Simple Definition of subordinate
: to think of or treat (someone or something) as less important than someone or something else
Full Definition of subordinate
1 : to make subject or subservient
2 : to treat as of less value or importance <stylist … whose crystalline prose subordinates content to form — Susan Heath>
subordinationplay \-ˌbȯr-də-ˈnā-shən\ noun
subordinativeplay \-ˈbȯr-də-ˌnā-tiv\ adjective
Examples of subordinate in a sentence
Clinton administration Trade Representative Mickey Kantor declared: "The days when we could afford to subordinate our economic interests to foreign policy or defense concerns are long past." —Lawrence F. Kaplan, New Republic, 18 Mar. 2002
The real reason, though, is that art survives life, and this unpalatable realization lies behind the lumpen desire to subordinate the former to the latter. The finite always mistakes the permanent for the infinite and nurtures designs upon it. —Joseph Brodsky, Times Literary Supplement, 26 Oct. 1990
<it is one of the lessons of history that more powerful civilizations often subordinate weaker ones>
Origin and Etymology of subordinate
Medieval Latin subordinatus (see 1subordinate)
First Known Use: 1597
SUBORDINATE Defined for Kids
Definition of subordinate for Students
: someone who has less power or authority than someone else
Definition of subordinate for Students
: to treat as inferior in rank or importance
Law Dictionary
Legal Definition of subordinate
1 : placed in or occupying a lower rank, class, or position
2 : submissive to or controlled by authority
Legal Definition of subordinate
: to assign lower priority to (as a debt or creditor) : postpone satisfaction of until after satisfaction of another <the equitable assignee will be subordinated to the rights of the assignor's trustee in bankruptcy — J. D. Calamari and J. M. Perillo>
Learn More about subordinate
Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for subordinate Spanish Central: Translation of subordinate Nglish: Translation of subordinate for Spanish speakers Britannica English: Translation of subordinate for Arabic speakers
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up subordinate? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).


text:
What are some good online dating sites? I would expect such sites to have the following criteria:
- Large user base of both genders.
- Not targeted to a particular region.
- Reasonably priced. (Free, even? Not sure if that's a good thing or not.)
- Has some kind of matching system that seems to work well.


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ST. CLAIRSVILLE - For many Ohio Valley seniors, today will be the final time they put on a basketball uniform.
So, it's understandable that they're anxious to put on the best show possible.
The annual Samuel A. Mumley OVAC All-Star Basketball Classic is scheduled for this afternoon at Ohio University Eastern in St. Clairsville.
The girls' game begins at 3 p.m. and the boys' encounter is slated for a 5:30 p.m. tip. The afternoon of events actually gets under way for the players and coaches at 12:30 when they're treated to a banquet at Undo's West in St. Clairsville at 12:30 p.m.
The boys' game has a chance to be one of the more entertaining affairs in quite sometime.
Both Ohio and West Virginia feature some high-level talent.
St. Clairsville's Kim Clifford is coaching the Buckeye stars for the fourth time in his career and it's extra special since he'll be coaching Red Devils' standout Dan Monteroso in his final prep hoop game.
Another all-Ohioan to keep an eye on today is Cambridge's Kyle Ritz. The Bobcats' standout was named MVP of the District 12 All-Star Game Friday night.
Martins Ferry's Cody Schau is another Ohioan to keep an eye on today. He's been able to score the basketball at a high level throughout his career, including a 27 points per game clip this season.
River's Brett Price led the Pilots to the Division IV regional this past season. He was a third-team all-Ohioan and will also take part in the Ohio North-South Game in a few weeks.
Another all-Ohioan Brandon Bailey of Conotton Valley had an exceptional senior campaign, earning second-team all-Ohioan. Bailey helped the Rockets to the OVAC Class 1A title.
"I know West Virginia has a really good team, too, but we really have a lot of guys who can score," Clifford said. "We practiced twice, but both times we mixed groups up well. The kids understand that everyone's an all-star and they're getting along well. We'll try to mix it up our groups to make them as balanced as we can."
On the other side, West Virginia University signee Nathan Adrian of Morgantown will be taking part in the game. He'll be joined by Magnolia's Mark Winters, who was named the MVP of the BACF Game on Friday night in Parkersburg.
River's Rick Isaly is guiding the Ohio girls today. He'll be joined on the bench by Bridgeport's Rob Zitzelsberger.
"We've got a lot of nice shooters and guards," Isaly said. "We're hoping to make it as up-tempo a game as we can. We want the kids to enjoy themselves, but we also want to win the game."
The Ohio girls' squad is led by Shadyside's Karli Bonar. The OHSAA state record holder for career 3-point goals will also play in the Ohio North-South Game.
Fort Frye, which qualified for the state tournament in Ohio Division III, will have both Taylor Buchanan and Morgan Liedtke taking part.
First-team all-Ohioan Jessica Kinney of Martins Ferry will be one of the key Ohio players to watch, along with Cambridge's Mallory Taylor, who was was the MVP of the District 12 game on Friday.
The West Virginia squad will be led by Robert Morris signee Emily Puskarich of Wheeling Park. Her running mate for four years, Haley Robb, will also be in action today.
Wheeling Central's standout duo of Colleen McCormick and Emily Bucon will be two players to watch along with John Marshall's Kylie Howard.
At halftime of each game, there will be a 3-point shootout for the players.
Several special awards are scheduled to be presented today. Those slated to receive special recognition are: Tom Tribett (boys coach), Jim Miller (girls coach), Al Glitch (timer/scorekeeper award), the late Dave Ice (distinguished service) and John Howell (officials award).
Dallas Montag, Union Local; Kristen Russell, St. John, Molly McCoy, Edison; Karli Bonar, Shadyside; Chelsie Roberts, Monroe Central; Katie Kinney, Beallsville; Cassidy McCullough, River; Mallory Taylor, Cambridge; Taylor Buchanan, Fort Frye; Jessica Kinney, Martins Ferry; Hayley Holenka, Shadyside; Deidra Combs, Fort Frye; Madison Stephen, Beallsville; Morgan Liedtke, Fort Frye; Chelsie Tewanger, Monroe Central; Kayla Fillipovich, Buckeye Local.
Coaches: Rick Isaly, River; Rob Zitzelsberger, Bridgeport.
West Virginia
Emily Puskarich, Wheeling Park; Nicolette Sellitti, Madonna; Kayla Boggs, University; Caroline Colombo, Morgantown; Makayla Wilkins, Clay-Battelle; Haley Robb, Wheeling Park; Breann Dean, Clay-Battelle; Colleen McCormick, Wheeling Central; Kylie Howard, John Marshall; Shelva Burns, Weir; Leah Taylor, Morgantown; Emily Bucon, Wheeling Central; Neely Benline, Cameron; Kristin Lewicki, John Marshall; Hayley Harrison, University.
Coaches: Mark McCormick, John Marshall; Adam Henkins, Morgantown.
Cody Schau, Martins Ferry; Fletcher Watt, Harrison Central; Zach Herrington, Steubenville Catholic Central; Jacob Bailey, Union Local; Brandon Bailey, Conotton Valley; Teryn Jarrett, Beallsville; Nick Pelegreen, Harrison Central; Frank Kamarec, Indian Creek; Alex Young, Indian Creek; Brett Price, River; Kyle Ritz, Cambridge; Kyle Michalo, Buckeye Local; Korey Lafferre, Monroe Central; Dan Monteroso, St. Clairsville; Periogn West, Steubenville; Riley Carlton, St. Clairsville.
Coaches: Kim Clifford, St. Clairsville; Joe Dunlevy, St. Clairsville.
West Virginia
Darren Heintzman, Tyler; Cody Triplett, Trinity; Travis Tomer, University; Mark Walker, Cameron; Eric Johnson, Brooke; Anthony Ghiardi, Trinity; S. Dean Marshall, Morgantown; Cody Howell, Oak Glen; Nathan Adrian, Morgantown; Austin Agnew, Morgantown; Doug Dennis, Parkersburg South; Evan Magers, John Marshall; Logan Opyoke, Clay-Battelle; Brandon Wallace, Wheeling Central; Mark Winters, Magnolia; Wes Mitchem, Parkersburg South; Hunter Wallace, Brooke.
Coaches: Tom Yester, Morgantown; Josh Kisner, Clay-Battelle.


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You limited your search to:
Partner: UNT Libraries
Degree Discipline: Behavior Analysis
Collection: UNT Theses and Dissertations
An 8-Step Program: Shaping and Fixed-Time Food Delivery Effects on Several Approximations and Undesired Responses in Goats.
Date: May 2003
Creator: Fernandez, Eduardo J.
Description: This study investigated the effects of a shaping program for halter training across 8 steps in the program and 4 trial-terminating, or "undesirable," responses. Three La Mancha goats (Capra hircus) located at the Frank Buck Zoo in Gainesville, Texas were used for the study. A fixed-time 15 s (FT-15 s) was used during the baseline conditions, to examine the effects of response contingent and response-independent food deliveries, as well as to examine what preliminary steps might not necessarily have to be shaped. All 3 goats successfully learned to allow the halter to be placed on them and to lead on the halter, although 2 of the 3 goats required an additional task analysis for the fifth step to further break down that approximation. Several of the early steps selected by the researchers were not necessary to complete the program, as determined by the baseline condition.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Adolescent Goals and Their Reports of What They do to Achieve Those Goals
Date: May 2000
Creator: Lucky, Derek
Description: Twenty-five adolescents' ranking of a set of equally highly valued goals on a Paired-comparisons Survey was compared with what adolescents say they are doing to achieve those goals. Results of the Paired-comparisons Survey showed that adolescents ranked career, interpersonal, and educational goals rather high and reputation and self-presentation goals rather low. Results analyzed with a contingency coefficient and biserial correlation indicated that not all number one ranked goals had the same value for a particular adolescent, and that number one ranked goals were correlated with verbal reports of concrete actions directed at achieving those goals.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
An Analysis of Interrater Agreement Between the Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS), Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF), and Analog Assessment Outcomes
Date: May 2010
Creator: Smith, Carla Michelle
Description: An analysis of interrater agreement across multiple respondents on anecdotal assessments was compared with experimental functional analysis outcomes for correspondence. Experiment 1 evaluated the agreement of multiple respondents on the function of problem behavior for 22 individuals across 42 target behaviors using the Motivation Assessment Scale (MAS) and the Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF). Results showed agreement on the primary maintaining consequence for 4 or 5 of the 5 respondents in 52% (22/42) of the individual's target behaviors with the MAS and 57% (24/42) with the QABF. Experiment 2 examined whether correspondence occurred between the anecdotal assessment results and experimental functional analysis (EFA) results for 7 individuals selected from Experiment 1. Correspondence between the QABF assessment and the EFA was found for 6 of 7 participants, and 4 of the 7 showed correspondence between the EFA and the MAS. This study showed that the QABF had higher correspondence with analog assessments than the MAS thus, supporting the previous findings of Paclawskyj et al. (2001).
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
An Analysis of Sample Duration in a Parent Training Program.
Date: May 2007
Creator: Laino, Kathleen S.
Description: Although several guidelines are available for designing observational procedures in both basic and applied settings, few researchers have experimentally examined and compared different direct observation methods. Such methods may have a direct impact on practitioners' ability to effectively assess strengths and challenges, set treatment goals, adjust intervention procedures, and monitor progress. The current study compared 1 and 5 min observations to 10 min observations throughout baseline and intervention phases of a parent training program for toddlers with autism. Results showed similarities with regards to variability, level, and trend in the 5 and 10 min data samples; however, clear differences were seen in the 1 min data sample, which typically showed very low occurrences of responding and displayed steady and flat trends. The findings have implications for the development of time-efficient direct observation procedures utilized in parent training programs for children with autism.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
An Analysis of the Value-altering Effect of Motivating Operations
Date: August 2013
Creator: Devine, Bailey
Description: Motivating operations (MOs) may affect behavior in two ways; A) an MO momentarily alters the frequency of behavior for which a particular consequence has served as reinforcement (evocative-effect) and B) an MO momentarily alters the behavioral effects of the relevant consequence (value-altering effect). Many studies have empirically demonstrated the evocative function of MOs, however, few if any studies have attempted to systematically manipulate and measure the value-altering effect. The focus of this study was to investigate the value-altering effect by measuring choice and response allocation across two alternative tasks. Participants were two female girls diagnosed with autism. During conditioning sessions, experimenters created a history for the children in which clicking on a moving square on a computer monitor produced a small piece of edible. Prior to some conditions, the participants were allowed 5 min of free-access to the edibles, and in other sessions, access to edibles prior to session was restricted. During these sessions, the square was either red or blue depending on the condition type (pre-access or restricted-access). During probe sessions, both colored squares were concurrently available and participants were allowed to allocate their responding to whichever square they chose. One participant preferred the square associated with restricted-access, which ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Analyzing Contingencies of Behavioral and Cultural Selection
Date: August 2010
Creator: Hunter, Chad S.
Description: A choice paradigm was used to evaluate allocation of interlocking behavior of two groups of two participants between responses having operant consequences only and responses having cultural consequences. In a discrete trial BABABAB design, each participant could select one of three options, which delivered either 3 or 5 points. In B (cultural consequence) conditions, two of the options had additional effects: the 3-point option also added 3 points to the other participant's earnings, and one of the 5-point options also subtracted 5 points from the other participant's earnings. The third option was unchanged in both conditions and delivered 5 points to the participant who selected it. Results indicated that participants in both groups initially frequently produced response combinations that earned 8 points for one or the other individual (and 0 or 3 points for the other), but allocation of responding increasingly changed to combinations that produced 6 points for each individual. This shift in performances away from maximum individual reinforcement towards maximum group reinforcement indicates cultural contingencies did not act in concert with operant contingencies, suggesting they are different mechanisms of selection.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Analyzing the Effects of a Performance Pay Plan on Manager Performance in an Accounting Firm
Date: May 2007
Creator: McDaniel, Sarah Curran
Description: This study examined the effect of a score card¬-based performance pay plan in a professional services firm. The plan was implemented in response to a decreasing trend in productivity and a desire for a formal incentive compensation plan. Performance of manager and senior manager accountants were analyzed across two departments over a five year period. A definitive account of the effects of the intervention is limited by the case-¬study design, but the data does suggest that the performance pay plans used did not adversely affect performances. Design limitations of the plan and future research are also discussed.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Assessing Optimal Sibling Training Conditions: An Empirical Approach.
Date: August 2005
Creator: Merker, Stephanie K.
Description: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of play materials on the interactions between a child with autism and her sibling. Three conditions were assessed: open choice, materials chosen by the child with autism, and materials chosen by the typically developing sibling. Within each activity, measures of social interactions were assessed. Results of the assessment showed that more interactions occurred with a material chosen by the child with autism. After sibling training (targeting specific teaching skills), social interactions remained highest in the condition with materials chosen by the child with autism. The results are discussed in terms of a material assessment to optimize sibling training conditions and the importance of sibling relationships.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Assessing Play Interests in Toddlers.
Date: December 2009
Creator: Kodaka, Mitsuru
Description: Play is a significant part of childhood. Typically developing children exhibit a wide range of interests within their play behavior, but children with autism do not. The purpose of this study was to design and implement an assessment tool that will capture the constellation of behaviors indicating play interests in young children. The Early Play Interests Assessment (EPIA) includes categories of play behavior and their components behaviors. Additionally, measures of child affect were built into the EPIA. All behaviors were observed under various environmental conditions. The results show that the EPIA was useful in observing toddlers' play behavior within behavioral categories and components and in assessing the interactions among these measures of play interests. The results are discussed in relation to the importance of creating observational systems to quantify play interests in typical and atypical children and for establishing a link between the information gathered in assessment and the planning and implementation of autism interventions.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries
Assessing the Stimulus Control of Observers.
Date: December 2009
Creator: Kuhn, Robin Merritt
Description: The science of behavior analysis relies heavily on direct observation. Human observers are typically used to measure behavior in applied settings. Although the use of human observers is beneficial in many regards, it also presents challenges. Of primary concern is the extent to which the data generated by observers actually corresponds to the behavioral events of interest, and the implications this may have in terms of replication. This study assessed the effects that labels, definitions, and examples and non-examples of two different modalities had on observer accuracy, consistency, and agreement. Results showed that current practices in observer training may require refinement to ensure high observer accuracy, consistency, and agreement. Suggestions for how to improve the desired stimulus control of observers are provided.
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries


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New York City deviants! We're heading to Bedford Ave. and Manhattan Ave. in Brooklyn, NY to see reyjdesigns's work recreated as a mural -- his prize for winning the "How Do YOU Drink Dr Pepper?" Contest -- and we want you to join us!
On Saturday, October 8th at 2:30 PM, deviants of all ages are invited to come together and see the mural. We'll gather at the wall and spend some time meeting and mingling. DeviantART staff will be there to meet fellow deviants and discuss all things deviantART-related. Later, we'll all head to a nearby food joint to grab some snacks, so be sure to bring some cash. Don't forget your camera or camera phone to capture the unforgettable memories. We'll also be handing out deviantART swag, so you won't want to miss it!
This event is free and open to all deviants who are able to make it. Come for a little bit or stay for a while -- we want to meet you and celebrate with reyjdesigns!
Let us know if you're able to come by hitting the 'I want to attend' button below!


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Function of the day
Package of the day
This package implements a data structure similar to hashes in Perl and dictionaries in Python but with a purposefully R flavor. For objects of appreciable size, access using hashes outperforms native named lists and vectors.
Question of the day
Recent blog posts
2 days 7 hours ago
2 days 12 hours ago
3 days 12 hours ago


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Are there any open source tools which can be used for map composing, preferably GUI based. I use Quantum GIS sparingly but I am interested to know if there are others. The tool must be able to read raster/vector layers in standard formats and allow exporting in various formats. Something like GeoPDF export would be a great plus.
There are many, but QGIS is probably the most robust current offering. A few others:
Lastly I'd mention Inkscape, which isn't exclusively for maps, but its ability to parse PDFs and PS files means it can often be a useful post-processing tool for fine-grained control of maps generated in other software.
Most of the OS software uses GDAL/OGR for its actual data input/output, and currently there isn't any support for GeoPDF outputs unfortunately.
I cast a vote for uDig. I find it comparable to qGIS and easy to use. It is built with Eclipse Rich Client technology which has added benefits:
uDig uses the GeoTools library for core GIS functionality like data reading, coordinate reprojection, rendering, etc. Developers will need some understanding of GeoTools to create more complex functionality.
Today I came to know about GMT(The Generic Mapping Tools).


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MUJI products vividly embody both their product-design methods and overall philosophy. Since the firm's founding in 1980, their goal had been to offer products that excel in quality at lower prices...01.28.09
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text:
Doctors Rethink Use of Custom Pharmacies
Death Toll Rises to 12 From Meningitis Tied to Injected Drug
The outbreak of a rare form of meningitis is prompting some doctors to rethink their use of a specialized type of pharmacy that created steroid injections tied to 119 illnesses and 12 deaths.
MedStar Health, a health-care provider that includes Georgetown University and Washington Hospital Center in Washington, D.C., said it is reconsidering its currently limited use of compounding pharmacies, which create alternative versions of medicines, such as liquid forms of pills. "I think the whole [health-care] industry is going to undergo some serious internal rethinking," said Bonnie Levin, assistant vice president for pharmacy services at MedStar.
MedStar, which owns nine hospitals in Maryland and the District of Columbia, says 99% of its medicines are made by drug manufacturers and obtained through wholesalers. It uses compounding pharmacies to make or repackage a few products, such as taking an anesthesia out of a large vial and putting it into syringes, Ms. Levin said. It also turns to compounding pharmacies when there are shortages of products like electrolytes that are used in fluids given to patients.
Western Connecticut Health Network, which includes two hospitals and three ambulatory surgical centers, last week removed all products made by New England Compounding Center, the company blamed in the contaminations, and turned to an FDA-approved manufacturer for its spinal steroid injections. WCHN is now reviewing whether it will use compounding pharmacies at all, said Matt Miller, the network's chief medical officer.
"What is the level of quality control at these companies?" asked Dr. Miller.
The fungal meningitis traced to injections produced by New England Compounding Center has caused illnesses and deaths in 11 states. The large compounding pharmacy in Framingham, Mass., had shipped 17,676 vials of potentially tainted methylprednisolone acetate to 75 clinics in 23 states. It surrendered its state license to operate and recalled all its products last week.
An NECC spokesman declined to comment.
New Jersey health officials said Tuesday they had identified their state's first case of fungal meningitis, in a 70-year-old man who had received a steroid injection from one of the recalled lots. The man came to an emergency room with a headache and fever; he is being treated with antifungal medication and is recovering, they said.
As many as 13,000 people were exposed to the tainted injections, and Tennessee Health Commissioner John Dreyzehner said Tuesday the incubation period for the disease may be longer than originally thought: between six and 42 days, rather than two and 28 days. "Some experts believe vigilance for up to three months will be necessary," he said. That means even patients who got injections in mid-July could still be at some risk.
The U.S. has about 3,000 compounding pharmacies, up from virtually none in 2000, according to the International Academy of Compounding Pharmacists. While they effectively make drugs, they are overseen by state boards of pharmacy rather than regulated like drug companies by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
But calls for tighter regulation are growing. Rep. Rosa L. DeLauro (D., Conn.) said Tuesday she plans to introduce legislation to strengthen the FDA's regulatory authority over compounding pharmacies. In a letter to Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius, Ms. DeLauro said the meningitis cases "expose dramatic gaps in our drug safety standards that create an unnecessary risk to the public health."
Compounding pharmacies are big suppliers of implanted pumps with specific dosage amounts not available from pharmaceutical companies, doctors said. They also commonly supply cardioplegic solution, which bathes the heart during open-heart surgery, and anesthesia syringes.
One reason so many clinics bought steroid injections from NECC may be a shortage of FDA-approved generic versions of the drug. Only three companies make an FDA-approved version of spinal injections containing methylprednisolone acetate. Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. TEVA -2.35 % and Sandoz Inc. make generic versions, while Pfizer Inc. PFE 0.60 % produces Depo-Medrol, the branded version.
A Teva spokeswoman said the company stopped making the injection in 2010 at its Irvine, Calif., facility. The move was prompted by an FDA warning letter about manufacturing quality problems. A Sandoz spokeswoman said the company's methylprednisolone injectable product "has not been marketed in the U.S. since last year" but declined to comment further.
"The generic products are still completely unavailable for now," said Erin Fox, director of drug information at the University of Utah, which maintains a drug-shortage database on behalf of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.
Laxmaiah Manchikanti, a pain physician in Paducah, Ky., had bought NECC-made vials of betamethasone, an anti-inflammatory steroid, since about 2008. He chose NECC because "they can make any product you want in any size you need," he said.
The FDA-approved version, made by American Regent Inc., was available only in a larger dosage, part of which would have to be tossed away, he said. By getting 12-milligram vials from NECC, Dr. Manchikanti said he was able to cut costs per patient. Physicians aren't allowed to reuse a steroid injection vial, even if only a fraction was administered.
After the meningitis outbreak, Dr. Manchikanti stopped using compounding pharmacies. "My trust was just borderline before. But personally, I won't be using a compounding pharmacy for, I guess, 20 more years," he said.
—Thomas M. Burton contributed to this article.
Write to Jennifer Corbett Dooren at firstname.lastname@example.com and Timothy W. Martin at email@example.com
Corrections & Amplifications
The last name of Bonnie Levin, assistant vice president for pharmacy services at MedStar Health, was misspelled as Levine in a previous version of this article.