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Alan Cox once said "A Computer is a state machine. Threads are for people who can't program state machines".
Since asking Alan directly is not an option for humble me, I'd rather ask here: how does one achieve multi-threading functionality in high-level language, such as Java, using only one thread and state machine? For example, what if there are 2 activities to perform (doing calculations and doing I/O) and one activity can block?
Is using "state-machine only" way viable alternative to multi-threading in high-level languages?
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Alan Cox once said "A Computer is a state machine. Threads are for people who can't program state machines".
All a thread does is interleave operations so that parts of the process appear to overlap in time. A single-core machine with multiple threads merely jumps around: it executes small bits of code from one thread, then switches to another thread. A simple scheduler decides which thread is highest priority and is actually executed in the core.
On a single-core computer, nothing actually happens "at the same time". It's all just interleaved execution.
There are many, many ways to achieve interleaving. Many.
Let's say you have a simple two-threaded process that uses a simple lock so that both threads can write to a common variable. You have six blocks of code.
[This can be in a loop or have more locks or whatever. All it does is get longer, not more complex.]
The steps of T1 must run in order (T1-before, T1-with, T1-after) and the steps of T2 must run in order (T2-before, T2-with, T2-after).
Other than the "in-order" constraint, these can be interleaved in any way. Any way. They could be run as listed above. Another valid ordering is (T1-before, T2-before, T2-lock, T1-lock, T2-after, T1-after). There are a lot of valid orderings.
This is just a state machine with six states.
It's a non-deterministic finite state automata. The ordering of T1-xxx states with T2-xxx states is indeterminate, and doesn't matter. So there are places where the "next state" is a coin toss.
For example, when the FSM starts, T1-before or T2-before are both legitimate first states. Toss a coin.
Let's say it came up T1-before. Do that. When that's done, there is a choice between T1-with and T2-before. Toss a coin.
At each step in the FSM there will be two choices (two threads -- two choices) and a coin toss can determine which specific state is followed.
Writing blocking functions is for people who can't create state machines ;)
Threads are useful if you can't get around blocking. No fundamental computer activity is truly blocking, it's just that lots of them are implemented that way for ease of use. Instead of returning a character or "read failed", a read function blocks until the whole buffer is read. Instead of checking for return message in a queue, and returning if none is found, a connect function waits for reply.
You can't use blocking functions in a state machine (at least one that can't be allowed to "freeze").
And yes, using state machine is a viable alternative. In Real Time systems, this is the only option, the system providing a framework for the machine. Using threads and blocking functions is just "the easy way out", because usually one call to a blocking function replaces about 3-4 states in the state machine.
What you're describing is called cooperative multitasking, where tasks are given the CPU and expected to relinquish it voluntarily after some self-determined amount of time or activity. A task that doesn't cooperate by continuing to use the CPU or by blocking gums up the entire works and short of having a hardware watchdog timer, there's nothing the code supervising the tasks can do about it.
What you see in modern systems is called preemptive multitasking, which is where tasks don't have to relinquish the CPU because the supervisor does it for them when a hardware-generated interrupt arrives. The interrupt service routine in the supervisor saves the state of the CPU and restores it next time the task is deemed deserving of a time slice, then restores the state from whatever task is to be run next and jumps back into it as if nothing had happened. This action is called a context switch and can be expensive.
Viable? Sure. Sane? Sometimes. Whether you use threads or some form of home-brewed cooperative multitasking (e.g., state machines) depends on the tradeoffs you're willing to make.
Threads simplify task design to the point where you can treat each one as its own program that happens to share data space with others. This gives you the freedom to focus on the job at hand and not all of the management and housekeeping required to make it work an iteration at a time. But since no good deed goes unpunished, you pay for all of this convenience in context switches. Having many threads that yield the CPU after doing minimal work (voluntarily or by doing something that would block, like I/O) can eat up a lot of processor time doing context switching. This is especially true if your blocking operations rarely block for very long.
There are some situations where the cooperative route makes more sense. I once had to write some userland software for a piece of hardware that streamed many channels of data through a memory-mapped interface that required polling. Every channel was an object built in such a way that I could either let it run as a thread or repeatedly execute a single poll cycle.
The multithreaded version's performance wasn't good at all for exactly the reason I outlined above: each thread was doing minimal work and then yielding the CPU so the other channels could have some time, causing lots of context switches. Letting the threads run free until preempted helped with throughput but resulted in some channels not getting serviced before the hardware experienced a buffer overrun because they didn't get a time slice soon enough.
The single-threaded version, which did even iterations of each channel, ran like a scalded ape and the load on the system dropped like a rock. The penalty I paid for the additional performance was having to juggle the tasks myself. In this case, the code to do it was simple enough that the cost of developing and maintaining it was well worth the performance improvement. I guess that's really the bottom line. Had my threads been ones that sat around waiting for some system call to return, the exercise would probably not have been worth it.
That gets me to Cox's comment: threads aren't exclusively for people who can't write state machines. Some folks are quite capable of doing that but choose to use a canned state machine (i.e., a thread) in the interest of getting the job done sooner or with less complexity.
Well I honestly can not imagine how to handle blocking I/O without threads. It's called blocking afterall just because code that invokes it has to
Per my reading of original Cox' email (below) he points out though that threading doesn't scale well. I mean, what if there are 100 I/O requests? 1000? 10000? Cox is pointing out that having large number of threads may lead to severe problems:
source: Re: Interesting analysis of linux kernel threading by IBM (linux-kernel mailing list archives)
Threads are the only option in two cases:
The second one is why most people think that threads are unavoidable for doing IO or network programming, but this is usually because they don't know their OS has a more advanced API (or don't want to fight with using it).
As for ease to use and readability, there are always event loops (like libev or EventMachine) which make programming a state machine almost as simple as doing it with threads, yet giving enough control to forget about sync problems.
A good way to grok the way state machines and multithreading interact is to look at GUI event handlers. Many GUI applications/framework utilize a single GUI thread that will poll the possible sources of input and call a function for each received input; essentially, this could be written as a huge switch:
Now, it becomes clear quite quickly that level of high-level control in this construct can't be high: The handler for ButtonPressed must finish without user interaction and return to the main loop, because if it doesn't, no further user events can be processed. If it has any state to save, this state must be saved in global or static variables, but not on the stack; that is, normal control flow in an imperative language is limited. You are essentially limited to a state machine.
This can get pretty messy when you have nested subroutines which have to save, for example, a recursion level. Or are in the middle of reading a file, but the file is unavailable at the moment. Or are just in a long computation. In all these cases, it becomes desirable to save the state of the current execution and return to the main loop, and this is multithreading. Nothing more, nothing less.
The whole thing became a bit more convoluted with the introduction of preemptive multithreading (i.e. the operating system deciding when threads should yield control), and that's why the connection isn't immediately clear today.
So, to answer the final question: Yes, the state machine is an alternative, most GUIs work that way with the GUI thread. Just don't push the state machine too far, it becomes unmaintainable really quickly.
Asking whether using a state machine is viable in a high level language is a little like asking whether writing in assembler is a viable alternative to using a high level language. They both have their place, given the right situation.
The abstraction of using threading makes more complex parallel systems easier to implement, but ultimately all parallel systems have the same issues to deal with. Classic problems like Deadlock/Livelock and priority inversion are just as possible with state machine based systems as they are with a shared memory parallel, NUMA or even CSP based system, if it is complex enough.
I don't think it is - sure, state machines are a very 'elegant' computing concept but as you say, they're quite complicated. And complicated things are difficult to get right. And things that are not right are just broken, so unless you're a genius of Alan Cox's presumed stature, stick with stuff you know works - leave the 'clever coding' to learning projects.
You can tell when someone has made the vain attempt to do one, as (assuming it works well) when it comes to maintain it, you find that the task is next to impossible. The original 'genius' will have moved on leaving you with the lump of barely-understandable code (as these type of developers don't tend to leave too many comments let alone technical documentation).
Some cases, a state machine will be a better choice - I'm thinking of embedded type stuff now where some state machine patterns are used, and used repeatedly and in a more formalised way (ie proper engineering :) )
Threading can be difficult to get right too, but there are patterns to help you along - mainly by reducing the need to share data between the threads.
The last point about this is that modern computers run on many cores anyway, so a state machine will not really take good advantage of the resources available. Threading can do a better job here.
Good example of a proper state machine usage instead of threads: nginx vs apache2. Generally you can assume that nginx handles all connections in one thread, apache2 makes a thread per connection.
But to me using state machines vs threads is quite similar using perfectly hand crafted asm vs java: you may achieve increadible results, but it takes a lot of programmers efforts, a lot of discipline, make the project more complex and worths only when used by a lot of other programmers. So if you are the one who wants to make a fast web server - use state machins and async IO. If you are writing the project(not the library to be used everywhere) - use threads.


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text: New Order 19 Shorts Style: #M2075N19 $49.50 $49.50 DARK KHAKI Color Size View Size Chart View Size Chart Oout of Stock Add to Cart Add to Wishlist Details: Classic and dependable, the New Order 19" walkshort offers everything you look for in a well designed chino. Heavy enzyme stone washing creates its soft, broken-in feel with resin crinkles. Includes side pockets, 1 welt and 1 flap pocket at back, and a zip fly. Detailed with Billabong logo embroidery and labeling. Specs: Outseam: 19" Materials: 98% cotton2% spandex


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In a new paper (PDF; subscription required) forthcoming in Science, Nick Matzke shows that even though creationism is getting stealthier in the wake of legal defeats such as Kitzmiller v. Dover, techniques from modern evolutionary biology reveal how creationist legislation is evolving. Using data collected by NCSE and state-of-the-art phylogenetic analysis, Matzke constructed a phylogenetic tree of seventy-five distinct antievolution bills and policies, reconstructing their genealogical relationships with a high degree of confidence.
NCSE is pleased to offer a free preview (PDF) of David E. Alexander's On the Wing: Insects, Pterosaurs, Birds, Bats and the Evolution of Animal Flight (Oxford University Press, 2015).
Jim Himes
House Resolution 548 (PDF), introduced in the United States House of Representatives on December 3, 2015, would, if passed, express the House's support of designating February 12, 2016, as Darwin Day, and its recognition of "Charles Darwin as a worthy symbol on which to celebrate the achievements of reason, science, and the advancement of human knowledge."
The Utah state board of education voted 11-4 on December 4, 2015, to adopt a new set of science standards for grades 6-8, according to a December 4, 2015, press release. Included, despite early signs of controversy, are evolution and climate change.
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A measure that would have acknowledged "the overwhelming scientific consensus that climate change is real" was rejected in the U.S. House of Representatives on December 3, 2015, according to The Hill (December 3, 2015).
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I would like to give my wife a Sunshine Award. She brings sunshine into my life every day. She also brings sunshine into other people's lives too. She helps me in all aspects of life. Harvest was long and hard and she would get parts when I call. She brings me food if I get hungry and when things are not going the best she is there with her smile and er bubbly character. She is my best friend in the whole world.
Alan Hoover


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Our two-story A-frame house only has duct-work downstairs in the crawl-space, with vents in the floor. It gets quite hot upstairs during the summer, but because the square footage of the upper floor is less than downstairs, we were thinking it might be more economical to go with a through-the-wall air conditioner upstairs. But I'm a big fan of the Nest thermostat, so I'm trying to find an A/C unit that would accept an external thermostat. Any ideas where to start? Google just arbitrarily decides whether to apply "wall-mount" to "thermostat" or "air conditioner" but not to both.
Let me see if I understand this. In warm season no air, or not nearly enough air in the upper floor space is returned via the vent to the exchanger one the ground because the only return vent is situated somewhere on the first floor...so that cool air blown up through floor registers cools the large ground floor space (where the cool air tends to sink) but is "captured" by "suction of the return vent before it has any chance to arrive at and transfer heat from the upper floor (where, in addition to heat rising and being captured there, heat is is also conducted inside via the roof/wall. So what you have, essentially, is an upper floor (conductively importing heat) that is isolated from the centrally air conditioned part of the house. Or, you have the house (especially the upper floor space) so air tight that excess warm air rising a-frame-apexward, both or either, is too much for a top floor return vent to handle, or cannot escape the upper floor volume by another path.
So let's see if any fundamental things have been tried or considered. Have you tried cracking open a window in the upper floor to see if some rising hot air escape allows at least some improvement cooling the entire house? Have you looked into the possiblity of moving or adding the/a return vent to the upper floor so that it is not isolated from the lower floor? Maybe such a return path could be in the form of an external ductwork "stack" directing air into which heat has been transferred upstairs, back down to the exchanger on the ground?
Additionally, are there dampers down in the crawl space duct work with which, but way of "balancing" the floor registers, you could assure that the most cooling air is always delivered to the register(s) closest to a an open path (think stair well, spiral case, ladder, etc, or even ceiling-floor grate path(s) to the upper floor space? Or, if not dampers in the ducts, then are the floor registers' flows, themselves, adjustable?
Another thing. To what end would you need the window/wall unit upstairs controlled by a wall thermostat? Are you thinking of controlling the windor/wall unit from the main, central air t-stat? If so, would you not have the same bad situation...because the upper wall unit would never turn on...bacause its integrated t-stat is removed from any cycling loop?
In order for the central and the wall unit not to work against each other, simply isolating the upper floor from the lower (closing doors or ladder openings, say) would allow the wall unit to cool the upper floor with its own integrated thermostat whenever the upper floor needed to be occupied. By Central-Wall Unit conflict I mean that the return vent from first floor back to the exchanger will be likely to also draft air (away) from the lower-tonnage unit upstairs...so you have the upstairs unit starved off enough recirculating air...the result of which could be dimished cyling off of compressor, with proportionally higher electricity consumption and expense for for the desired amount of heat removal augmentation upstairs.
You should at least consider talking to an A/C person. Assuming your existing unit is big enough, you may be able to just run a duct line up to the 2nd floor. Generally they box in a 1ft square in the corner of a room or closet to run the ducting.
Beyond that, I do know some through the wall units work off thermostats, because I've seen them in apartment buildings around here. I've also seen mini splits hooked to thermostats in hotels, so I'm sure that is possible as well. Usually they will have the little control unit on the mini split sealed shut with a note telling you to use the thermostat.


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Visiting Assistant Professor of Political Science and Director of Graduate Studies.
Susan Giaimo's research and teaching interests comprise comparative politics of advanced industrial societies, comparative political economy, comparative welfare states, and health care politics and policy. Dr. Giaimo is particularly interested in the questions of how welfare states in advanced industrial societies are responding to the challenges of globalization, demographic change, and post-industrial society. Her publications include, Markets and Medicine: the Politics of Health Care Reform in Britain, Germany, and the United States (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002) as well as journal articles on comparative welfare state policies and health care politics.
Dr. Giaimo has taught in the political science department at MIT. She was a post-doctoral fellow in the Robert Wood Johnson Scholars in Health Policy Research Program at the University of California at Berkeley. At Marquette University, she teaches courses in comparative politics, comparative public policy, European politics, and comparative health care politics and policy.


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What InfoSec regulations should one be aware of when dealing with 'live' cross-border communications, or the offline transport of information?
The world is increasingly interconnected, and it is more and more common that actions by people in one country can affect people in other countries and be regulated by laws there.
Here is a brief sampling of some of the issues to consider.
@nealmcb gave some very good examples.
In general, since your question is quite vague, there are two types of laws that you need to consider when "going international":
As Neal mentioned, each of these laws may apply, depending on country/law:
As mentioned, some of the big ones to know about, besides the non-country regulations such as PCI-DSS and depending on industry, are EU Data Protection, Basel II, and the Chinese Firewall.
If you ask a more targeted question, it may be easier to provide more specific answers.


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Why does Borden want to change the knot used in the tank trick? Is it because he is poor at tying it?
The answer is given in the scene following the first time we see Julia performing the trick.
Cutter is criticizing Borden for being careless when tying the knot and risking an accident. (We see Borden having to tie the knot twice in the scene earlier).
Borden then suggests the Langford Double would be better, which Cutter rejects as he says it would be unsafe under water as it would swell and lock.
I think one of the twin brother is not good at tying the knot, which is evident as said by Cutter:
So that night the twin brother who is not good at tying simple knots tied the knot. Both of the twin brothers are probably good at tying Langford double, so Borden proposes a change in the knot which eventually Cutter rejects.
In the next show of the same trick, as per answer here the twin brother who is good at simple knots is present and he tied a simple knot (also gave a glance to Julia without knowing the discussion his twin brother had after the previous show regarding the knot). Julia thought (per glance from Borden) that its a Langford double and underwater in the tank she tried to use Langford untie technique, but by the time she realized that's its a simple knot it was too late.
I think Borden and Julia both were trying to do something new. You see from the very first starting of the movie, Borden speaks one thing again and again in the movie that the tricks they use is becoming overly boring and that they should need a change or a break to let the viewers enjoy a new category of tricks, not the conventional tricks. The way Borden makes suggestive eye contact with Julia on the day of the accident to which Borden nodded, I believe Julia let him took the risk for both of them. They were trying to do something risky. Maybe in this way they were trying to prove to Cutter
Bordon's character resembles a man who wants to get ahead. He doesn't want to keep being an assistant. He wants to be a great magician himself. For this he has to learn tircks. For learning tricks he has to do experiments. In a scene we see him throwing a cage with a dead bird inside it. This proves that he is constantly trying things and failing too. This was the case with the knot. He did an experiment, but failed.


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How is it possible to determine the fonts used by text in PDF and TIFF files?
For TIFFs or any other raster (pixel) image, Jin's answer covers it.
For PDFs (assuming it's a 'proper' PDF and not a raster image embedded in a PDF, as produced by scanning/fax software), font information is embedded in the file.
In Adobe Reader 8 -- probably slightly different in other applications -- File menu > Properties > Fonts tab gives you a list of all fonts used in the document.
I'm pretty sure Adobe Acrobat allows you to check the font of a selected piece of text, but I don't have it to hand.
There are also third-party plugins for Acrobat, such as Enfocus PitStop Pro, which add the ability to find/replace/report on instances of a particular font throughout a document.
Upload a sample of the text screenshot to: http://new.myfonts.com/WhatTheFont/ the service is fairly accurate.
If you need help identifying a font sample, there are lots of resources.
Some are automated, you submit a sample screenshot or go through a series of questions that help narrow the possibilities:
Some software can help find a font that's close to what you want:
Others are human-driven, where experts and enthusiasts may examine your submission:
Finally, there are services and programs designed to simply help you choose an appropriate font for a given use:
In a PDF with actual text, you can copy a block of text into Word (or another rich editor) and look at the Font dropdown.
Just to add to the list a new software to identify fonts using an image or screen capture: "Find my Font" - http://www.findmyfont.com (I'm the developer of this software).
The application runs on either Mac-OS or Windows and identifies the fonts of a given bitmap image by searching for fonts both online (125.000+ free & commercial fonts) and on your computer while you are given a list of exact and similar matches + a % match for each one, in just 3-5 secs. It can use all kinds of color images without extra pre-processing.
On a Mac or Linux, open your terminal and type:
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Abdominal Cramps During Pregnancy
If you feel cramps in your abdomen (the area around your stomach), don't panic right away. Sometimes cramping is nothing more than a gentle reminder to take it easy, and at other times it might be a sign of digestive problems. Occasionally, however, cramping can be an emergency signal that says you need medical attention.
Take It Easy
The muscles and ligaments that support your uterus are being pulled and stretched in all directions during pregnancy. This can cause occasional cramping. The pain might be mild or sharp. It might be particularly noticeable when you make a quick move, get up out of a chair, cough, or sneeze. This is nothing to worry about. Some women get cramps when they exercise and put additional stress on muscles and ligaments that are already strained. If you feel cramps while exercising, listen to your body. Stop and rest. This is not the time to work through pain.
Cramps can also remind you to watch what you eat. As in your prepregnancy days, poor digestion will cause cramps. If you overeat or eat the wrong foods, you might feel stomach cramps. If you are constipated, you will feel cramps that can be very painful.
Sometimes cramps are a danger signal that shouldn't be ignored. There are three specific medical conditions that are usually accompanied by cramping:
- Miscarriage. About 20 percent of all pregnancies end in a miscarriage within the first three months of pregnancy. (Miscarriage is the delivery of a baby before it is developed enough to survive outside the womb.) Severe cramping in the first trimester (often accompanied by bleeding from the vagina) can signal trouble. If you feel constant abdominal pain (with or without bleeding), call your doctor right away.
- Ectopic pregnancy. When the fertilized egg settles somewhere outside the uterus, you will get a positive pregnancy test, but as the egg begins to grow it cannot survive and will cause sharp abdominal pains and bleeding.
- Preterm labor. Each year, hundreds of thousands of babies are born long before they are due. These babies announce their plans for an early entrance with a variety of signals that include cramping.
If your cramps are severe and/or persistent, call your doctor immediately.
excerpted from:
Excerpted from The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pregnancy and Childbirth © 2004 by Michele Isaac Gliksman, M.D. and Theresa Foy DiGeronimo. All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Used by arrangement with Alpha Books, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
To order this book visit Amazon's website or call 1-800-253-6476.


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I am new to Selenium automation. I have some queries to be clarified.
I have recorded and done the play back. Issue is as below:
If I use the
clickAndWait command in Selenium IDE, it shows an error and continues for further execution, and the test case gets passed. Why does this sort of thing happen?
Another thing is, could I get fruitful Java code, if I export this kind of test case (having errors) using Java/Junit4/Web Driver from Selenium IDE?


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A Music Educator Profile
You are hereHome/ A Music Educator Profile
A Commitment to Music Education
On any given day, Boston Conservatory faculty member Dr. Walter Pavasaris can be found teaching. At the Conservatory, his graduate string pedagogy and conducting classes are full of aspiring music educators who share stories and ask questions as he dives into topics like secondary instrumental method techniques and classroom teaching strategies. When he's not prepping students to become music teachers themselves, Pavasaris is working with high school students in the Wellesley Public Schools (Wellesley, MA), where he serves as conductor and string teacher.
"I enjoy working with people of all ages and seek to share my love and passion of music making," Pavasaris said. "I believe that our world needs this precious gift of music making, and that it makes us who we are—warm, sensitive and caring human beings."
Pavasaris was inspired to pursue studies in music education because of the teachers he had when he was a student who nurtured his love of music. Earning his B.M.Ed from the Hartt College of Music and his M.M. in string instruments from the University of Michigan, Pavasaris worked for years as a music teacher before completing his D.Ed. as a teaching fellow at Boston University.
Prior to joining The Boston Conservatory as a full time faculty member in 2009, Pavasaris was the Director of Orchestras and a string teacher in Belmont Public Schools in Belmont, MA, and before that, served as Coordinator of Fine and Performing Arts for the Lexington Public Schools in Lexington, MA. Even after "retiring" from teaching in the public schools, he didn't stay away for long, taking on the role of conductor/string educator for the current school year in Wellesley.
"Learning and teaching is a two way street," Pavasaris explained. "By working in the public schools, I can stay engaged in the contemporary and ever-changing world of authentic music education. I continue to hone my skills through my daily experiences in both settings."
Even though working with different age groups can present different challenges, Pavasaris says he approaches each experience with the same energy, passion and level of commitment to the art of making music.
"As collegiate level teachers, we need to be 'in the trenches' working with students of all ages so that what we offer our students is a healthy and authentic combination of theoretical and 'reality-based' learning and teaching experiences."
Because of his eagerness to be a life-long learner, Pavasaris plans to continue to lead by example and learn from his students just as much as they learn from him.
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A Quincy College professor and Plymouth South High School teacher has been selected to watch tonight's State of the Union address from the White House.
Erik Walker, who teaches English part-time at Quincy College and full-time at Plymouth South, is one of a small group of social media enthusiasts from around the country selected to watch President Barack Obama's nationally televised speech from the White House. Walker will be live tweeting during the State of the Union, and he can be followed at @erikmwalker.
Walker's tweet will include the hashtag #SOTUSocial.
Walker, an adjunct faculty member at Quincy College's Plymouth campus for 15 years, was selected as part of a program called White House Socials, which invites social media enthusiasts to document live events at the White House.
Location, ST | website.com


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There is a well-known way to conclude the cocompleteness of a category from its completeness. Namely, if a category is complete, well-powered and has a cogenerating set, then it is cocomplete (easy corollary of the special adjoint functor theorem).
I was hoping I could use this to prove that the category $\mathbf{Grp}$ of groups is cocomplete. I would find it interesting, for completeness of $\mathbf{Grp}$ is easy to prove (the forgetful functor to the category of sets creates limits), while cocompletenes is not so easy (constructing free product is quite tedious).
But alas, a quick google search revealed that $\mathbf{Grp}$ doesn't have a cogenerator (it can be read off the only freely available page of this article). I suspect it doesn't have a cogenerating set, either.
Is there a categorical proof of the cocompleteness of $\mathbf{Grp}$?
Edit: I'd like to point out that I found out afterwards the following exercise 1 in section IX.1 of Mac Lane's CWM (I didn't expect to find this exercise in the chapter on "Special Limits"!)
Use the adjoint functor theorem to prove in one step that Grp has all small colimits.


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Sylvania MusicLites Speaker LED Lights - Choose Apple, PC or Universal (New) for $179.99 + $5.00 shipping
The MusicLites' design combines an efficient 10-watt LED light, a 70-millimeter full range high fidelity loudspeaker and a wireless audio receiver in a module that is compatible with any audio source (You choose transmitter)
MusicLites fits into four-, five- or six-inch recessed cans, providing light output equivalent to a 65-watt reflector bulb
Can play audio from any audio storage device using one of 3 transmitters
Because it is wireless, you can set up your MusicLites in as many configurations as you would like. Move it around from room to room and change audio devices to best fit your space
4 Comments add a comment
I'll start by saying that this is actually a good deal for this product, the individual speakers sell on amazon for $125 plus the transmitter which runs for about $25 for usb and for some reason the apple transmitters are selling from third parties for around $112 (this seems absurd to me).
I personally feel that these are a cool Idea but are ultimately a novelty item and aren't worth their cost. A nice set of 2 or 2.1 channel computer speakers that will far outperform these can be had for much less and really are not that hard to find a spot for.
This is NOT a good deal. I often see 1saleaday sell one light for $80 (or $160 for two -- and you get two transmitters).
$180? Are these made by Bose and filled with gold?
Yeah these have been as cheap as $65 shipped for 1 light and 1 transmitter at 1saleaday. they are novel, I bought 4 at that price (to be completely honest thought I was getting 8 and was a little PO'd). They are simple enough to use and the sound is good for areas of your home that don't otherwise have a means to play some music.


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Citizen's Police Academy a rewarding experience
During the last 10 weeks, a small group of Torrington residents and business professionals participated in an intensive and extremely informative Citizen's Police Academy conducted by the Torrington Police Department.
Last spring, downtown merchants met with Officer Anthony Pietrafesa and Chief Michael Maniago to find out how we could help change a misperception that downtown is not a safe environment, especially since we all felt it is indeed safe. We established a neighborhood watch for downtown and signs were posted. I was asked to be the unofficial block watch captain. As we developed more awareness of life outside our doors, we soon realized we truly have a safe downtown, and we have a police force dedicated to the well-being of all Torrington neighborhoods.
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You want to design a set of yes/no questions for quickly searching the symmetric group. The questions have to be of the form "Does your permutation move $a_1$ to $b_1$ or $a_2$ to $b_2$ or ... or $a_k$ to $b_k$?" Given a random permutation, you will ask all of your questions about that permutation, and your goal is to know what the permutation is once you know the answers to your questions.
In particular, note that you aren't allowed to have later questions depend on the answers to earlier questions. You always ask the same questions of whichever random permutation you get.
Here's a slightly different way to phrase the type of question you're allowed to ask. If we represent the elements of the symmetric group by permutation matrices, then the questions you can ask involve picking a (0,1)-matrix and asking if the random permutation matrix has any 1 where your chosen matrix has a 1 (i.e., if I apply the componentwise AND function to the random matrix and your chosen matrix, do I get 0 or 1?)
Two questions:
- How many such questions are needed in order to search $S_n$? How much bigger than $log_2 n!$ is this?
- Are there "good" strategies for designing sets of questions that can be used for any n? Can we achieve the minimum number of questions for each n with a single strategy?


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Under Armour Select Backpack
The Under Armour PTH Victory Sackpack is perfect to carry your workout gear to the gym or your sports stuff to the game. Front pocket with zip closure offers secure storage, and foam padded drawcords give you extra comfort. Protect This House plaid lining completes the bag with stylish details. Space for customization makes this sackpack versatile - add your own name or team name. Dimensions: 20" x 16" x .5".


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Antenna is (was) really a very good web app which brings you streaming radio from around the world. Unfortunately, the link of the web app does not work anymore.
Is there any decent alternative? I would like to be able to select music by country, genre, and rating. I'm not looking for web sites that look like they were coded a decade or more ago and moth-balled.


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I was looking at the QR factorization algorithm of a matrix to approach eigenvalues. At the Wikipedia page they state that it was developed in the 50's and took over the LR algorithm. They also state a few variants. However I couldn't find what the state of this algorithm is today.
Is it still efficient for today's standards? Is it used in modern mathematical software to compute eigenvalues? If not, are there any variants that are considered more efficient?


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I've tried a number of different settings in the GUI, and have tried manual path tools from the path panel, but no matter what the inset path function completely mutilates the path into a blob. Distance of the inset or offset doesn't make a difference, and these are very simple paths like a square, or a circle. I'm on Mac, OS 10.6.
I'm not on a Mac, but I did try to re-create the blob that Inset Paths generates. Unfortunately, I didn't get the blob with simple paths, but I did learn that rounded corners do not always play nice with concave vector nodes.
Just to be clear, here's what I did:
(1) add a Star Autoshape to the canvas - 1 px black stroke, no fill, centered path (2) ungroup the autoshape to make it a regular path (3) Open the Path panel and select the Inset / Expand Path option in the Alter Path section (4) Entered these settings:
inside, 10, miter, 10
(move the path inside the original by 10 px, mitered corner, miter limit = 10)
(5) The resulting path was a smaller version of the original star.
If the corners are "round" or "bevel" (instead of miter), then some of the vector nodes will be modified. "Round" appears to convert concave nodes into Bezier curves. "Bevel" appears to convert concave nodes into flattened angles rather than points.
I also found that I needed to use CTRL+K to "snap to pixel" to get rid of the non-integer pixel coordinate blurriness, but this is a common effect of numeric transforms or scaling.
I did not extensively test different shapes and settings, but when I used "miter" as the corner setting and kept the miter limit low, the results were pretty accurate.
Hope this helps,
That sounds quite bizarre. I can't reproduce this, but I'm running on a Win7 system and my Mac isn't handy. Try, in sequence, the "usual suspects": quitting and relaunching Fireworks, logging out and back in, restarting the OS, deleting the Fireworks preferences file (it's Fireworks CS5 Preferences and it's in Library/Preferences in your user folder), resetting permissions, and, if all else fails, uninstalling and reinstalling the application.


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RILEY COUNTY, Kan. (WIBW) -- The Kansas State University graduate student charged in an accident on K-18 that left two dead and several others injuries was arraigned in Riley County District Court Monday.
Miles Theurer, 24, pleaded not guilty to two counts of Involuntary Manslaughter and two counts of Aggravated Battery during his formal arraignment after waiving his preliminary hearing before Judge John Bosch. WIBW's cameras were not allowed inside the hearing.
Theurer was arrested at the Riley County Police Department on Thursday, September 20, 2012 on a Riley County District Court warrant, several months after being involved in the deadly head-on collision.
The accident occurred on Monday, May 14, 2012 on K-18 near Scenic Drive in Riley County, two miles west of the city limits of Manhattan. Due to road construction on the highway, traffic has been reduced to two lanes with opposing traffic traveling directly next to each other.
The crash involved two cars- a 2003 Chevy Silverado which was occupied by four people and driven by Theurer and a 2001 Buick LeSabre which was occupied by a couple- 31-year-old Elizabeth Young from White City, Kansas (the driver) and 32-year-old Michael Stanley from Ogden.
Troopers say around 3 AM that morning, Theurer's Chevy Silverado truck crossed over the center line and was going the wrong way eastbound in the westbound lanes of K-18. He ended up striking Young's car (that was going west on K-18) head on. Young and Stanley died at the scene. The states alleges that Theurer had been had a blood alcohol content of .08 or higher at the time of the crash and "unintentionally killed" the couple.
Theurer, along with three other passengers in his truck, were taken to Mercy Regional Health Center in Manhattan with injuries after the crash. Two of the passengers were later transported to Stormont-Vail Hospital in Topeka with serious injuries. Theurer's Aggravated Battery charges stem from the injuries Lance Schmidt and Andrew Mason received.
Troopers reconstructed the accident scene during their investigation and once the reports and tests were complete, they presented their findings to the Riley County Attorney's Office, resulting in the warrant and Theurer's arrest four months later.
He is out of jail on $50,000 bond.
Kansas State University's website lists Theurer as a graduate PhD student in Veterinary Medicine. Officials said the other three men in the truck with him were also students in the College of Veterinary Medicine. Theurer's permanent address is listed in Wellington, Kansas but arrest records list a local address for him in Manhattan.
A hearing in the case has been set for April 9, 2013 before his trial, which is scheduled to start May 7, 2013 at the Riley County Courthouse.


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Suppose $\lambda$ is a strong limit cardinal of cofinality $\omega$ and for $A$ a transitive set, define $L(A)$ in the usual fashion by setting $$L_0(A)=A;$$ $$L_{\alpha+1}(A) = L_\alpha (A)\cup \mathcal P_{Def}(L_\alpha(A));$$ $$L(A)=\bigcup_{\alpha\in Ord} L_\alpha (A).$$
In Woodin's longer article "The Continuum Hypothesis" (in LNL 19, Logic Colloquium 2000), the following facts are stated regarding $L(V_{\lambda+1})$:
(1) If $c$ is Cohen generic over $V$ then very likely $$(L(V_{\lambda+1}))^{V[c]}\neq L(V_{\lambda+1})[c].$$
(2) On the other hand, if $G\subset Coll(\omega_1,\mathbb{R})$ is $V$-generic then $$(L(V_{\lambda+1}))^{V[G]}= L(V_{\lambda+1})[G].$$
Can anyone give a (sketch of) proof of either (1) or (2)? Are these results given only in the context of a non-trivial elementary embedding $j:L(V_{\lambda+1})\prec L(V_{\lambda+1})$ with $crit(j)<\lambda$?
More generally, for a partial order $\mathbb{P}$ and a $G\subset \mathbb{P}$ which is $V$-generic, which properties of $\mathbb{P}$ are sufficient to ensure the equality $$(L(V_{\lambda+1}))^{V[G]}= L(V_{\lambda+1})[G]$$ holds? Fails? Is this even known?


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GATESVILLE (December 3, 2012)--A Gatesville couple has been selected as the winner for this year's Excellence in Agriculture contest held by Texas Farm Bureau.
Ryan Bay, 28, and Santanna Bay, 27, were one of three finalists for the honor which recognizes young men and women who are involved in agriculture but do not earn their primary income from a farm or ranch enterprise.
The winning couple owns and operates Coryell Feed and Supply in Gatesville and assist people with basic animal health issues. They also maintain a small herd of cattle and a pecan orchard.
The Bays have one son, Greyson.
Other finalists were from Florence and Plainview.
The winner was announced at the TFB annual meeting in Waco over the weekend.
The winner will receive a $5,000 cash award from Farm Credit, an Arctic Cat 500 4X4 provided by Southern Farm Bureau Life Insurance Company and a plaque and belt buckle representative of the award.
They will also receive an expense-paid trip to represent Texas at the national competition in Nashville in January.
Runners-up received a pair of Justin Boots and a $200 power tool, courtesy of Grainger.


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50 products to prove you're a Ravens fan [Pictures]
Is there anything you can't buy without a Ravens logo or the Ravens colors on it? We doubt it. Here are 50 Ravens craft items you can buy online, including at least a few that might surprise you.
This photo gallery is featured in these articles:


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Dexter Shower Curtain for $29.95
The Dexter shower curtain is sure to cause a splash. Only Showtime has his clear Dexter shower curtain with blood splatter and the Dexter logo. Jump in this shower and your blood is sure to be pumping. It's really killer! Size: 70" x 92" DMaterial: polyester
7 Comments add a comment
Yesssssss. Deal or no deal, what Dexter fan won't indulge in one?
I'd be in for 1 if it wasn't for that "Dexter" writing on it...
There is no short red-headed genius on this curtain, no deal =p
This isn't even on any kind of a sale. No free shipping either. Why was this posted as a deal? Wait till November (xmas shopping). Got this last year on sale with free shipping.
It should be wild explaining this to the police if they ever search your house.
haha, i made one like this with an old shower curtain, some red spray paint, and a straw. the blood spatter looks way better on mine. it's sure to scare people away from my bathroom!


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虚; 空; 洞 【うろ】: hollow; cavity; hole
pronunciation is only one but why are there three kanji words??what are they differences??
Why are there three kanji words?
At the time when there was no writing in Japanese, there was no such distinction. I'm guessing that the Chinese had separate words for the different concepts. And when Chinese characters were brought into Japan, multiple Chinese characters that had approximately the same meaning corresponded to a word that the Japanese already had. Then these Chinese characters were assigned to the Japanese concept.
What are their differences?
In the similar vein of kanji sharing readings and similar meanings, I'm guessing 虚, 空 and 洞 take on the nuances of "hollow", "cavity" and "hole".
I'm of the opinion that they are different. (If my shirt had a tear, I would say it had a 穴 or 洞 rather than a 空. A hole in my shirt makes more sense than a cavity in my shirt. The boundary of "cavity" has an added dimension to that of "hole")
Consider the following:
(To analyse the sense of the kanji I'm also going to consider other readings for the said kanji along with compound words)
For fun:
Here's some food for thought that compounds the kanjis in question:


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The following is from the office of House Speaker Mike O'Neal:
Topeka –Kansas House Speaker Mike O'Neal (R-Hutchinson) announced House appointments to the 2012 Special Interim Committees.
"With a legislative session that runs for just 90 days a year, interim committees are extremely helpful in allowing in-depth study of current issues important to Kansans," said Speaker O'Neal. "I appreciate the willingness of these legislators to continue working in Topeka as they prepare for the 2013 session."
In August, the Legislative Coordinating Council created the 2013 Special Interim Committees and designated sixty-two interim days for them to meet. This is down five from the sixty-seven meeting days authorized in 2012.
Ethics and Elections - State Representative Scott Schwab (R-Olathe) (vice-chair), Representative Steve Howell (R-Derby), Representative Randy Garber (R-Sabetha), Representative TerriLois Gregory (R-Baldwin City), Representative Leslie Osterman (R-Wichita) and Representative John Rubin (R-Shawnee)
Financial Institutions and Insurance – Representative Richard Proehl (R-Parsons) (co-chair), Representative Clark Shultz (R-Lindsborg) (co-chair), Representative Rick Billinger (R-Goodland), Representative Phil Hermanson (R- Wichita), Representative Vern Swanson (R-Clay Center) and Representative Gene Suellentrop (R-Wichita)
Rural Broadband - Representative Sharon Schwartz (R-Washington) (chair), Representative Mike Burgess (R-Topeka), Representative Roman Gonzalez (R-Perry), Representative Forrest Knox
(R-Altoona), Representative Terry Calloway (R-Pittsburg) and Representative Reynaldo Mesa
(R-Garden City)
Taxation - Representative Richard Carlson (R- St. Marys) (vice-chair), Representative Dennis Hedke (R-Wichita), Representative Marvin Kleeb (R-Overland Park), Representative Larry Powell (R-Garden City), Representative Willie Prescott (R-Osage City)
Transportation - Representative Virgil Peck (R-Tyro), Representative Tom Arpke (R-Salina), Representative Gary Hayzlett (R-Lakin), Representative Brett Hildebrand (R-Lenexa), Representative Tom Phillips (R-Manhattan) and Representative Brian Weber (R-Dodge City).


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This problem came from a Putnam problem solving seminar.
If each person in a group of n people is a friend of at least half the people in the group, then show that it is possible to seat the n people in a circle so that everyone sits next to friends only.
My idea was to use induction on $n$; if $n$ is odd we can remove a person, note that the remaining $n-1$ people all have at least $n/2$ friends left, use our inductive hypothesis to seat them, and then use the pigeonhole principle to seat the last person.
Unfortunately, this doesn't work when $n$ is even because after removing a person, some of the remaining people might have less than $n/2$ friends left. In fact, my friend who actually participated in the seminar said they had the same issue, but didn't address it because they ran out of time.
Is this sort of induction a reasonable approach? If so, how would we deal with the case when $n$ is even? If not, what's a better way to think about the problem?
P.S. I'm not sure of the best tags for this question, so please feel free to re-tag if necessary.


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- About the College
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A Western Regional Land-Grant Web Initiative for Rangeland Management
By moniquegarcia on Mon, 07/22/2013 - 1:01pm
Protect and Enhance the Nation's Natural Resource Base and Environment
Research Year:2003
In 1995, a collaboration began at the University of Arizona to create one of the first fully operational components of the Agriculture National Information Network (AgNIC), an initiative involving multiple land grant universities and the U.S. National Agricultural Library. Conceived as a means to distribute basic information to the public, specialized information to land managers, and instruction to students, the Managing Rangelands AgNIC web development project united the University Library with the School of Renewable Natural Resources, the Arid Lands Information Center, and the Networking Group of the Educational Computing and Technology unit in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences with a common goal of providing timely, accurate, trusted information on Western rangelands. Initially, the effort focused on Arizona, but following a regional workshop held at the UA in 2002, a new "Rangelands West" web resource was developed as part of a multi-state collaborative effort.
Description of Action:
Over the past eight years, the Arizona site has been regularly updated and expanded both in content and design to improve its ability to serve rangeland students and land managers. It includes more than 350 unique pages and features. Besides an archive of full-text articles published in the Journal of Range Management and other in-depth sections on rangeland management, the web site includes a section on weeds and invasive species, and sections on marketing and conservation ranching. In cooperation with the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), Ecological Site Guides covering all areas of Arizona are also available. These guides describe soil qualities, vegetation, precipitation, and other factors that affect decision-making in land management.
Recognizing that Western rangelands and environmental issues do not stop at political boundaries, the March 2002 workshop explored the possibility of forming a Western regional rangelands alliance to develop a comprehensive Web-based resource on current issues and knowledge related to U.S. Western rangelands. This resulted in a redesign of the existing Managing Rangelands site into a regional home page [http://rangelandswest.org/] and a series of state-specific linked sites [see Arizona Rangelands at: http://rangelandswest.org/az/index.html]
One of the initial motives for selecting rangelands as the University of Arizona's contribution to AgNIC was the controversial nature of the issues surrounding the topic. To defuse those issues and provide access to balanced and trusted information, a major section is focused on policy issues concerning public land management, including such topics as wildlife and endangered species, forests and logging, mining, Indian lands, urbanization, grazing, recreation and wilderness areas.
The Rangelands West web site is widely accepted as an important source of information on the understanding and management of Western rangelands. On average, the site receives more than 3,010 hits per day, bringing the total during 2003 to approximately 1,100,000, compared to 760,000 in 2002. In addition, the newly established Western Rangelands Partnership is an accepted model for collaboration within the national AgNIC effort and now involves librarians and rangelands specialists from 18 Western land-grant institutions. A broad cross-section of the public benefits from the web site's capabilities. Throughout the past eight years, questions have been sent in by students from middle school through the post doctoral level. In addition, reference questions have been received from landowners in Arizona, with others coming from people in Oregon, Texas, New Mexico, and as far away as Iran and Jordan. One staff member from the U.S. Forest Service sent the following comment: "This is a great site; made me proud to be an alum. Thanks for the obvious effort that went into it. Appreciate the effort at achieving balance in the discussion."
Funding Agencies:
Arizona Cooperative Extension; Arizona Common Ground Roundtable (in kind); College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service; NASA/Raytheon; Natural Resources Conservation Service (in kind); University Library
Conact Name:
George Ruyle
Contact E-mail:
Contact Address:
Rangeland and Forest Resources Program
School of Renewable Natural Resources
Biosciences East 301, Tucson, AZ 85721
Tel: 520-621-1384; FAX: 520-621-8801


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Zogby: Obama suffers 15-point swing, trails by 5
posted at 8:25 am on August 20, 2008 by Ed Morrissey
The latest Zogby poll reinforces what earlier LA Times/Bloomberg and Pew polls have found: Barack Obama has had a collapse this summer. Being Zogby, it has a more dramatic collapse than the others. Obama led John McCain in Zogby's July poll, 47%-40%, but now trails 46%-41%, a 15-point swing (via JWF):
As Russian tanks rolled into the Republic of Georgia and the presidential candidates met over the weekend in the first joint issues forum of the fall campaign, the latest polling includes drama almost as compelling – Republican John McCain has taken a five-point lead over Democrat Barack Obama in the race for President, the latest Reuters/Zogby telephone survey shows.
McCain leads Obama by a 46% to 41% margin.
And McCain not only enjoys a five-point edge in a two-way race against Obama, but also in a four-way contest including liberal independent candidate Ralph Nader and Libertarian Bob Barr, the poll reveals. In the four-way contest, McCain wins 44% support, Obama 39%, Barr 3% and Nader 2%.
This latest Reuters/Zogby poll is a dramatic reversal from the identical survey taken last month – in the July 9-13 Reuters/Zogby survey, Obama led McCain, 47% to 40%. In the four-way race last month, Obama held a 10-point lead over McCain.
One has to take Zogby with a grain of salt. Over the years, the predictive value of Zogby's polling has been questioned, especially this far out from an election. Zogby has enjoyed some success, too, but usually their results tend toward the dramatic. As a trend, though, it shows the same motion as every other pollster. Obama did well in July with Zogby, which was actually a bit of an outlier in estimating Obama's support as strong as seven points head-to-head and 10 in a four-way race. The same polling shows a dramatic change in the electorate, as does the LAT/Bloomberg and Pew polls.
Zogby's internals show this change across almost every demographic, too. Obama lost nine points among Democrats. He lost 11 poinst among Catholics, college graduates, Southerners, and city-dwellers, where he has dropped below 50% — a stunning result. Obama dropped 12 points among voters under 35, another power base for his campaign, and seven points among those earning under $50,000 a year.
The difference — and perhaps the reason for the drama — is that this poll surveyed likely voters, while Pew and the LAT/Bloomberg polls surveyed registered voters. The latter usually favors Democrats, and that could account for the seven-point difference between the two. The month-on-month results show trends that speak for themselves, as Zogby's methodology has remained consistent.
Obama is in a free-fall. McCain got to the heart of the question about Obama, and especially after the crisis in Georgia, he has voters wondering whether Obama is up to the task of running the presidency as his first executive job in politics. Even a strong VP pick may not help reverse that perception — and could make it worse by overshadowing the nominee. Democrats may not have been in a weaker position at convention time since 1984.
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Who are HIllary's likely VP picks?
JiangxiDad on August 20, 2008 at 8:50 AM
Clinton/Obama '08!
Akzed on August 20, 2008 at 10:39 AM


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In Minecraft, it's useful to know which way is north in order to determine how to manipulate mine cart tracks. Usually, people keep track of which way is north by placing torches on the northern walls of their mine shafts. How can you initially determine which direction you are facing? (Above ground)
Above ground, you can use the sun or moon to orient yourself. They both rise in the east and set in the west. Also, according to an answer here, you can punch the ground, and the pattern of cracks will always be oriented the same way relative to north.
Finally, there are third-party mapper programs that you can use to orient yourself (although I haven't used any and can't vouch for them). Some players might consider this cheating, or at least unsporting.
Using cobblestone, there is an "L" shape in the block looking at it from the top. When the "L" is in the top left corner and right side up, then you are facing north.
Please refer to this awesome paint diagram.
Note: Once seen, can not be unseen.
Also works on netherrack.
In addition to what sjohnston said, clouds always move west.
A great trick is to use redstone ore. When you place down the redstone, there is a cross shape on the block. On two of the 4 arms, there are rectangle shapes. When you orient yourself so that one of the rectangles is to the left and one is in the front, you're facing north.
Press F3 to get the debug menu, then look under the x, y, z coordinates and see the letter "f". This gives you the direction you're facing (0 south, 1 west, 2 north, 3 east).
If you need more help then you can also go to the Minecraft wiki and look up anything you may need.
The current answers are excellent. You could also try Zan's Minimap Mod, which works in both SSP and SMP. However, since Minecraft 1.6 is releasing this week, and one of the new features is going to be a map, this mod may become obsolete very soon.
You can also set waypoints with it.
EDIT: Since the maps of Minecraft 1.6 are virtually useless, I've just installed the new update for this mod, which now displays coloured wool as the appropriate colour, and as a bonus, no longer requires Modloader to install. I'll also include a video of the mod in action.
There is a program called cartographer, and if you build an arrow on the ground and then load your map in cartographer, you can see what direction your arrow is pointing...
But if you know the direction of the sun moon and clouds, you can then orient yourself from there.
Consider building landmarks to keep yourself oriented quickly
The compass with point towards your spawn point, not north or south. Still a nice tool though.
If you have a few minecart tracks available, you can use the south-west rule to orient yourself. There are two ways:
Orienting yourself using cross-intersections (and a minecart)
You need one minecart and at least 5 track pieces.
Lay out two cross-intersections (or lay out one, destroy, and lay out the second). Then, put a minecart on it, push the minecart and watch the direction it moves when hitting the cross.
Look at this image from Minecraft wiki to understand what I mean.
Orienting yourself using T-intersections
You need 4 track pieces.
The T-intersections also try to follow the south-west rule when they are laid out on the ground. If they are unpowered (no button or redstone powering the T), the curve will try to point to south-west. So, if you lay out two T-intersections, you can orient yourself.
Look at this image from Minecraft wiki to understand what I mean.
You can make a compass. With that, and a combinations of useful signs, you can have great exploration adventures without fear of losing your home base.


text:
Hi guys,
I just got the NN3 + MKII. After setting it up though, it appears that my camera setup is too long to center over the adjustment screw... I have a Canon 40D with the new Sigma 10-20 f/3.5 (fixed aperature). Not sure if this lens is larger than the old one, as the camera settings page tells me to adjust it the horizontal length to 101mm.. At this length, though, the lens is extending over the nodal ninja rotation screw.. I have tried rotating the camera plate, to no fix. In order to get it to the right length, the camera plate has to extend beyond the horizontal rail stop to somewhere around 12.5cm.. The horizontal ruler shows maximum length as 12cm, but with the camera plate it seems the maximum length attainable is only 10.6cm.
Perhaps adding washers will enable the plate to sit flush overt he end stop, or maybe I have this all wrong..? I'm new to QTVR heads so I might be looking at this all wrong, or maybe I don't understand the calibration process..
Looking at the accessories, it seems like the T-Adapter will give me that extra length over the end stop.. Is this necessary?


text:
New Global Studies
Ed. by Chanda, Nayan / Iriye, Akira / Mazlish, Bruce / Sassen, Saskia
- Online
- 1940-0004
Aims and Scope
Local, universal, world-historical, world-systemic, or global historiographies as well as work in sociology, anthropology and international relations have shed increasing light on the common history of humankind. Only comparatively recently, however, has human global self-awareness broken through the confines of scholarly specialization, and begun to enter the everyday popular life, action, psyche, imagination and consciousness on a mass, global scale. The step into space and the resultant view of the planet, the new computer and media technologies of mass communication, the global spread of multinational corporations and human rights, the unprecedented environmental changes and challenges, the promise and threat of nuclear power and explosions, all have led to the increasing self-experiencing of the globe as a "spaceship earth."
Many scholars and policy makers from different areas and academic disciplines have directed their efforts to trying to understand globalization. These efforts tend to be piecemeal and specialized, staying within particular disciplinary boundaries. This journal exists to address the process going on around us as a whole, and developing over time. It addresses globalization with a holistic perspective, a perspective that gives us a view on the past and present of the globalizing phenomena that will be invaluable to all who seek to comprehend this fundamental aspect of our society and its development.
Our focus is unabashedly on the new globalization that has manifested itself so vigorously in the period starting sometime after World War II. Starting from this relatively contemporary perspective, we are fully aware that the new globalization process, or processes, is on a spectrum with earlier forms of globalization. There are deep roots in the past that must be explored along with attention to the present flowering of the concept, when the idea of globalization became a conscious matter, partly suggested by the widespread use of the term itself.
Nevertheless, and in contrast with most historical journals, our primary emphasis is on the twentieth and twenty‑first centuries. Our field of interest is both multidisciplinary and global rather than particular in that we are concerned with contemporary globalization per se and not merely with the extent to which it (or its progenitors) has had an impact at specific conjunctures. Thus New Global Studies interprets globalization with a historical and sociological angle as opposed to history or sociology with a global angle.
We welcome articles on all aspects of globalization, embracing the economic, social, cultural, political and other ramifications of the subject, both theoretical and empirical. In particular, we encourage analyses of the following subjects:
- Transnational manifestations of culture, and cultural synthesis
- Patterns and local effects of economic globalization
- Elite and popular perceptions, and reactions, to global change
- Global institutions and organizations, both public and private
- The global media, and the emergence of a 'global society'
- The degradation and preservation of the global environment
- How do we and should we go about studying globalization?
Supplementary Information
- Language:
- English
- Type of Publication:
- Journal
- Readership:
New Global Studies is one of the few journals that approaches contemporary globalization as a whole, and across disciplinary lines. It draws from history, sociology, anthropology, political science, and international relations to study the past and present of today's globalizing process. Topics include the patterns and local effects of economic globalization, global media networks, preservation of the global environment, transnational manifestations of culture, and the methodology of global studies itself. New Global Studies is an essential resource: a single journal for those who are interested in global affairs and the contemporary history of globalization, both broadly and in depth. Editors Nayan Chanda (Yale), Akira Iriye (Harvard), Bruce Mazlish (MIT), and Saskia Sassen (Columbia) are prominent leaders in the field of global studies; editorial board members come from major institutions in Europe, Asia and the Americas.
Publication History
Three-Four issues/year
Content available since 2007 (Volume 1, Issue 1)
What scholars are saying about New Global Studies
New Global Studies may well emerge as the most important periodical in global studies available, and one of the few that combines historical depth with real insights on contemporary issues.
Michael Adas, Abraham E. Voorhees Professor of History and Board of Governors' Chair, Rutgers University
This looks to be a very innovative and important new journal that is interdisciplinary in nature and focuses on ideas and issues of enduring significance.
John Fousek, Program Director, The Center for Ethics at Yeshiva University
This journal offers an innovative and fresh perspective on the nexus between economics, public policy and government institutions. It would prove very useful for faculty in my program (which is interdisciplinary) as well as faculty in other fields throughout the social sciences and humanities. This would be especially helpful for incoming junior faculty seeking to bolster their publications and research through access to cutting edge discourse.
Jill Tao, Associate Professor, University of Hawaii at Manoa
Submission of Manuscripts
Submission of Manuscripts
New Global Studies celebrates its sixth year of publication in 2012. Edited by Nayan Chanda (Yale), Akira Iriye (Harvard), Bruce Mazlish (MIT) and Saskia Sassen (Columbia), NGS is one of the only peer-reviewed journals that explores and analyzes globalization from the perspective of multiple disciplines. It invites contributions from the humanities and the social sciences that address the range of contemporary global phenomena, as well as the emergence of global consciousness in time. Comparative and interdisciplinary contributions are especially encouraged.
Contributors to NGS have included William McNeill, Yi-Fu Tuan, David Edgerton, William Keylor, Patrice Higonnet, Jessica Gienow-Hecht, Dominic Sachsenmaier, Peggy Levitt, Werner Sollors, David Apter, Paul Bracken, Irving Louis Horowitz, Stanley Engerman, Alastair Crooke, and many others.
More information about the journal's Aims and Scope may be found here.
We also welcome the submission of book reviews and review essays, which may be sent directly to the reviews editor, Benjamin Sacks, at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Instructions for Authors
Manuscript Preparation Guidelines
This document provides authors with details on policy, copyediting, formatting, and layout requirements pertaining to final manuscript submission to this journal. All manuscripts must have correct formatting to be considered ready for publication.
The entire manuscript submission and review process is handled through an online system named ScholarOne. All manuscripts should be submitted to http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/dgngs
Unpublished material: Submission of a manuscript implies that the work described is not copyrighted, published or submitted elsewhere, except in abstract form. The corresponding author should ensure that all authors approve the manuscript before its submission.
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Conflict of interest: When authors submit a manuscript, they are responsible for recognizing and disclosing financial and/or other conflicts of interest that might bias their work and/or could inappropriately influence his/her judgment. If no specified acknowledgement is given, the Publishers assume that no conflict of interest exists.
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The ScholarOne system has been designed to improve the scholarly publication process for authors. Among the many improvements we offer over traditional journals, the most significant is that we have dramatically shortened the period between the initial submission and the final publication of a peer-reviewed article. Much of this time savings is due to the innovative use of electronic publication. These innovations, however, require certain changes in the way authors need to prepare accepted manuscripts for electronic publication.
De Gruyter does provide a light copyedit of manuscripts for this journal, but remain responsible for being their own copyeditors and typesetters. This means that authors need to pay greater attention to the editing and look of their manuscripts than is typically required by print journals.
All manuscripts must be written in clear and concise English. If you have reasons to doubt your proficiency with respect to spelling, grammar, etc. (e.g., because English is not your native language), then you may wish to employ—at your expense—the services of a professional language editor.
Please get in touch with the Language Editors directly to discuss details.
- Alexandra Griswold
Areas of expertise: public policy, political science, education, economics, social sciences, humanities, ethics
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Areas of expertise: political science, social sciences, humanities, ethics
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Areas of expertise: Local government management, international crime and terrorism, emergency/disaster management, humanities, social science
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Areas of expertise: Health and Medicine (CAM and drug policy and analysis), Economics and Business (with a focus on marketing)
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Areas of expertise: LaTeX, Linguistics, economics, mathematics
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- If your manuscript contains special characters, equations, etc. please make sure to also supply a PDF version as a reference file. This will be used to ensure any formatting issues introduced during the submission process can be corrected accurately.
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- Use the following document structure:
- Introduction (titling this section is optional)
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- Explanation of symbols mentioned in the text.
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- Please supply figures both embedded in the text and as separate files. Please see the "Tables, Figures, and Graphs" section below for more detailed instructions regarding figure submission.
- Book reviews must start with the citation of the book at the top of the first page.
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For authors working with LaTeX files, please see the related files and documentation at http://www.degruyter.com/staticfiles/pdfs/DeGruyter_LaTeX_template_package.zip, including a template for author use and instructions for working with the files.
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Please use the Chicago Manual of Style author-date system for parenthetical citation in the text and the related reference list entry. For more specific details please visit: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html and click on the Author-Date tab.
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Abstracting & Indexing
New Global Studies is covered by the following services:
- Baidu Scholar
- Cabell's Directory
- Celdes
- CNKI Scholar (China National Knowledge Infrastructure)
- De Gruyter - IBR (International Bibliography of Reviews of Scholarly Literature in the Humanities and Social Sciences)
- De Gruyter - IBZ (International Bibliography of Periodical Literature in the Humanities and Social Sciences)
- EBSCO (relevant databases)
- EBSCO Discovery Service
- Gale/Cengage
- Genamics JournalSeek
- Google Scholar
- Index Islamicus
- International Political Science Abstracts (IPSA)
- J-Gate
- JournalTOCs
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- ProQuest (relevant databases)
- ReadCube
- Research Papers in Economics (RePEc)
- ResearchGate
- Summon (Serials Solutions/ProQuest)
- TDOne (TDNet)
- Ulrich's Periodicals Directory/ulrichsweb
- WorldCat (OCLC)
Editorial Information
Nayan Chanda, Yale University
Akira Iriye, Harvard University
Bruce Mazlish, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Saskia Sassen, Columbia University
Managing Editor
Kenneth Weisbrode, Bilkent University
Associate Editors
David Ekbladh, Tufts University
Raymond Grew, University of Michigan
Dominic Sachsenmaier, Jacobs University, Bremen
Book Reviews Editor
Benjamin J. Sacks
Department of History
Princeton University
129 Dickinson Hall
Princeton, NJ 08544
Editorial Committee
Michael Adas, Rutgers University
Arjun Appadurai, The New School
Sven Beckert, Harvard University
Charles Bright, University of Michigan
Craig Calhoun, Social Science Research Council
Manuel Castells, University of Southern California
Ha Joon Chang, Cambridge University
Steven Clemons, New America Foundation
Warren Coats, International Monetary Fund (retired)
Sebastian Conrad, Free University of Berlin
N.J. Demerath, University of Massachusetts at Amherst
Mike Featherstone, Nottingham Trent University
Yoichi Funabashi, Asahi Shimbun
Michael Geyer, University of Chicago
James Goodby, U.S. Foreign Service (retired)
Wang Gungwu, National University of Singapore
Antony G. Hopkins, University of Texas
Marnie Hughes-Warrington, Macquarie University
G. John Ikenberry, Princeton University
Hartmut Kaelble, Humboldt University
William W. Keller, University of Pittsburgh
Erez Manela, Harvard University
Patrick Manning, University of Pittsburgh
Kiran Klaus Patel, Maastricht University
Jo-Anne Pemberton, University of New South Wales
Jason Ralph, Leeds University
Roland Robertson, University of Aberdeen
Wolf Schäfer, State University of New York at Stony Brook
Jan Aart Scholte, University of Warwick
Hagen Schulz-Forberg, Aarhus University
Giles Scott-Smith, Leiden University
Glenda Sluga, University of Sydney
Dennis Smith, Loughborough University
Peter Stearns , George Mason University
Strobe Talbott, Brookings Institution
Mohammad H. Tamdgidi, University of Massachusetts Boston
Göran Therborn, Cambridge University
Roland Wenzlhuemer, Heidelberg University
Richard Wilk, Indiana University
Donald Yerxa , Eastern Nazarene College


text: Who remembers that classic movie that was made back in the nineties that starred Johnny Depp, and Winona Ryder? Yes I say classic because that is exactly what it is. I absolutely love Edward Scissorhands no matter how old the movie ages. Johnny Depp was so innocent, amazing, and he even looked cute as he played the roll of an inventors creation that he built out of love from his heart. Vincent Price played the role of the Inventor, and Edwards father. Honestly, if I go too deep into talking about Edward Scissorhands, I might not have anything to say when I submit the actual tutorial on Edward himself in regular form. I think I better shut up while I'm ahead of myself so you guys can get busy learning "how to draw chibi Edward Scissorhands", step by step. I just had to do a drawing on him, because I knew he would come out so adorable. I will be back later with more drawing fun so stay tuned in to see what pops up next for your drawing enjoyment. Peace peeps!


text:
Do you wanna' find hell with me? Debut Evolve screens and trailer take us into the jungleWritten by: / / No Comments
Officially announced early in 2014, Evolve is the project that developer Turtle Rock (Left 4 Dead) has been working on for the last few years and was picked up by 2K Games following the collapse of THQ in 2013.
Evolve is a four-versus-one co-operative multiplayer game that pits a team of 'Hunters' against a solo player-controlled monstrosity that is stalking the surface and jungles of a planet that this away team is trying to clear of danger.
As the matches go on, the player controlling the monster will be able to improve – or 'evolve' – their creature both in terms of abilities and size, which naturally makes things a lot more difficult for the four-player team trying to take it down. It's not just the story of Hunters against a monster, however, because there will be additional objectives per level to protect, destroy and complete to ensure things don't end up being too one-sided.
From the looks of the screenshots and videos below, the four-player team will comprise a diverse set of classes that each need to play their role, namely Assault, Trapper, Support and Medic, while doing their utmost to whittle their target's health down before it's given a chance to evolve. Also from the looks of the media below, Evolve is looking incredibly detailed and a fair bit of fun to play:
Evolve – PS4 and Xbox One Trailer
Evolve – Debut Screenshots
[nggallery id=504 template="el33t"]
Evolve – All New Gameplay
Evolve is out in 2014 exclusively on PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PC – do you have a hankering to give this co-operative game a go? Would you prefer playing as a member of the human team or as the giant creature instead?
Tags: 2kgames, evolve, screenshots, trailer, turtlerock


text:
I have a practice routine I would like to manage using software.
I have several sequential daily and weekly tasks that are flexible in there time(for example, it maybe be a 30min task but can be more or less and may not start at a specific time).
I would like to break a task down into sub-tasks, be able to add detailed descriptions, links to files, display images, etc...
The important aspect is to keep track of the tasks so I don't miss things and develop a good consistent routine(the tasks may change over time as I develop so it should be easy to "evolve" a task).
I don't need all the "business" stuff involved in project management software. But need a sort of "to-do" list on steroids.
I'll do the tasks, and mark them off. It would be nice if I could get start a timer for a the current task and keep track of how much time I have spent(with a possible warning if I'm over the allotted time). Then view how much time was spent on a specific (sub) task to sort of graph the progress.
Anyways, I doubt such software exists but I figured I would ask. Basically if it doesn't offer many of the things I want there is little more than to just write the stuff down on paper.


text:
My client would like his shapefiles reprojected and I would like to get a script that can batch process all the files located in the same folder. I am new to Python and ArcPy but am very interested. We are using ArcMap10 as our platform software. Any help or advice would be greatly appreciated.
The batch project tool is designed for just such a task
The help files provide a really clear standalone python example, which can be adapted to meet your needs:
And here is my slight modifications of the script to run on a collection of shapefiles of unknown names, with my additional comments in block capitals, to try and outline what is happening where.
This code is quite extensive; the same result could be achieved in many fewer lines, however this (I hope!) gives you a good overview of the arcpy object.
If you want your output as a shapefile instead of a geodatabase, you can use the second codeblock of sgrieve and replace the
The output shapefiles will be renamed with proj as prefix.