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Chief Executive Officer
Mark Hurd is chief executive officer of Oracle Corporation and a member of the company's board of directors. He joined Oracle in 2010, bringing more than 30 years of technology industry leadership, computer hardware expertise, and executive management experience to his role with the company. Hurd is also a member of the Baylor University Board of Regents.
Mark Hurd oversees the corporate direction and strategy for Oracle's global field operations, including sales, support, consulting, marketing, and alliances and channels. He focuses on strategy, leadership, innovation, and customers. Says Mr. Hurd, "It's our job as a company to help our customers save money and innovate."
Before joining Oracle, Mark Hurd served as Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and President of HP, where his focus on customers, innovation, improved operational efficiency, and execution led to significant company growth. Prior to that, he spent 25 years at NCR Corporation, where he held a variety of management, operations, sales, and marketing roles, ultimately serving as the company's Chief Executive Officer and President and leading a successful effort to improve operational efficiency, strengthen the product line, and drive growth.
Since joining Oracle, Mark Hurd has worked to share Oracle's strategy and vision with customers, partners, shareholders, and investors. "Our strategy is complete stack, open, best-of-breed at every single layer of the architecture," he says. "We vertically integrate those best-of-breed pieces for extreme performance and total-cost-of-ownership benefit to give you differentiation. Our products are designed to be the best technology at every single layer of the stack, and then be vertically integrated. We want to give customers choices for how they access that technology—on premises, building a private cloud, using a public cloud, or a hybrid cloud combination. It's your choice how you get access to all of this technology."
"We want to make sure the market knows Oracle is serious about HCM, serious about HR, and serious about leading this space."
Learn about the critical importance of developing new customer-engagement models.Read the Mark Hurd LinkedIn article
Learn about enhanced support for Oracle customers running certified system configurations.Watch the Mark Hurd Oracle Platinum Services video
Hear insights into Oracle's priorities and strategies.Read the Larry Ellison and Mark Hurd interview
Find out more about Oracle's strategies and vision and see how Mark Hurd is leading Oracle into the future.


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Elements of Image Making
From Noisebridge
Revision as of 02:58, 9 December 2012 by 220.127.116.11 (Talk)
Elements of Image Making: Alternative Optics, Processes & Techniques
November 4th, Sunday 4pm! We returning better then ever, and kicking off our new form with a workshop on Hand Processing!!!!!!!!!!!
Every 4th Sunday
Participants are encouraged to bring any materials they think would be interesting to work with, including any aged film material or stock, but especially markers, paint, stamps, translucent objects or scratching elements, anything that may hold an interesting presence on film. All editing materials, projectors, and tools necessary will be provided.
Material Provided
- Film and processing
- Inks, dyes and markers
- Scratching tools
- Some Markers / sharpies; multi-colors
- Salt
- Cyrstal dust. bug parts. tiny fish. reptile skin.
- Hole punches
- Letraset
- Stamps
- Sandpaper, brillo pad, steel wool
- Projectors and editing tools/supplies
Facilitated by :
- Eric Stewart
- Tod Green
External Resources
- Helen Hill's Recipes for Disaster is a zine featuring lots of filmmakers from N. America talking about various direct film techniques. Super Awesome!
- Film Farm Canadian independent imaging retreat operating for 20+ years.
- HandmadeCinema.com Interactive concept map about the history, theory and techniques of handmade film.
- Handmade Film Institute Situated outside of Boulder Co, hosts classes, workshops and retreats in handmade film processes, also features a plethora of technical info on darkroom chemistry.
- delicious.com/jihalprin List of resources/articles about DIY cinematography; light meter use, optics, sound recording, processing....
- Scratchatopia Montreal based filmmaker Steven Woloshen's Tumblr. Links/articles/awesome!
- Antidote for a Virtual World by Ken Paul Rosenthal Comprehensive guide to hand processing reversal film.

subset: commoncrawl


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The IRS says that congress' late action on the alternative minimum tax means they won't be able to start processing five AMT-related forms until February, delaying potential refunds for those people until that month, Thursday, Dec. 27, 2007. (AP / CBS)
The countdown is on to one of life's ultimate deadlines, the dreaded tax filing deadline. This year, it's next Monday, April 18th. Taxpayers will have the luxury of time, with a few extra days to file this year. The filing deadline will be Monday because the holiday, Emancipation Day which is Friday, April 15th. This holiday is observed in the District of Columbia, so federal workers will be off that day.
Last-minute taxpayers may find that fewer post offices are open until midnight for drop-off service. Liberty Tax Service will extend hours during the final days of the tax filing season so taxpayers can e-file their tax return or extension around the clock up to the midnight deadline. As taxpayers face the Federal tax filing deadline, those who owe taxes have some choices.
The IRS will grant an automatic six-month filing extension to taxpayers who file or e-file a timely extension application. Taxpayers do not need to provide a reason for their request. Individual taxpayers need to file or e-file Form 4868, Application for Automatic Extension of Time to File U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, by April 18th to be granted a filing extension until October 17, since October 15th falls on a Saturday this year.
Taxpayers who owe can elect to have funds withdrawn electronically using a credit or debit card if they e-file their return. Or they can enroll in the U.S. Treasury's Electronic Federal Tax Payment System that enables electronic fees withdrawals with no additional fees.
"An extension of time to file a tax return still does not constitute an extension of time to pay any tax liability," said John Hewitt, CEO of Liberty Tax Service. "Penalties and interest accrue from April 18 if the tax liability has not been paid."
What can someone do who owes the IRS money but can't pay the full amount by April 18? Taking out a bank loan may be the least costly option. Another option is to ask the IRS for permission to make monthly installment payments. If you are not currently on an IRS installment plan, complete Form 9465, Installment Agreement Request. This form can be e-filed with other tax forms or it can be attached to a return and mailed. To limit penalty and interest charges, the taxpayer should pay as much of the tax due as possible when sending in the return.
Taxpayers who have already mailed or electronically filed their returns can mail Form 9465 to the appropriate IRS Service Center. The IRS usually approves or denies installment requests within 30 days of receipt.
The IRS will approve or deny the request by sending out a written response. If the IRS approves the request, they will send you a notice detailing the terms of your agreement and requesting a fee of $105 ($52 if you make your payments by electronic funds withdrawal). However, you may qualify to pay a reduced fee of $43 if your income is below a certain level. These payments must be made on time, and the taxpayer must agree to meet all future tax liabilities. One available option to ensure timely payments is to have the funds directly debited from a bank account. Taxpayers may request this by completing line 11 of the Form 9465.


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Is it true that for continuous distribution $$E(X^a) = \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} x^a\cdot g(x)dx $$ where $g(x)$ is probability density function?
Yes. This is called the Law of the Unconscious Statistician on Wikipedia. (I don't know where the name comes from exactly, and didn't learn it with a name.) Essentially it states that
$$ E[g(X)] = \int_{-\infty}^\infty g(x) f(x) dx $$
where $f(x)$ is the probability density function of $X$. So in your case, since $g(X) = X^{\alpha}$, you get
$$ E[X^\alpha] = \int_{-\infty}^\infty x^\alpha f(x) dx. $$
This is probably more than you wanted to know, but it's handy and will be useful if you ever deal with more complicated functions $g(X)$.
I think that that is true by definition.
Doesn't this result follow from the definition of expectation itself? For example the expectation of a function $g(X)$ is the value multiplied by probability of getting that value which is the same as the probability of getting $X=x$ which in turn is just the probability density function $f(x)$ of $X$. The integration between the $-\infty$ and $+\infty$ is to cover for all possible values of $x$.


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In girls' basketball action from Thursday night, the Lourdes girls' basketball team beat Pawnee City 36-33 in second round action of the MUDECAS tournament at Beatrice. Meanwhile the Nebraska City girls' team fell to Gretna by the count of 72-24.
With its win on Thursday night, the Lourdes girls' team raised its season record to 8-6 and punched its ticket for the MUDECAS tournament finals, which will be at 7 p.m. Friday night at the Beatrice City Auditorium against Johnson County Central.
The Knights will be looking to avenge a loss to Johnson County Central from the Auburn Holiday Tournament. Lourdes got off to a quick start in that game, but was unable to keep the momentum in a 40-33 loss.
Thursday's contest at Gretna was the first in a long string of upcoming road dates for the Nebraska City girls' team. The Pioneers, who play Saturday in a 6 p.m. tilt at Omaha Gross and Thursday, Jan. 17, in a 7:30 p.m. game at Omaha Mercy, will not return to the home court until Jan. 29, when Nebraska City hosts Crete for a 6:30 p.m. tip.
Location, ST | website.com


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la increíble belleza de la naturaleza
Main Content
it's perfect in every way!
oh em gee dis mak mi feeeel so gud
how on earth did Steve such a good combo of light. So good.
nice pict
love this pic :)
beautiful picture.
Would love to know the 3 spellings of the word (there) referred to by Chris, and contractions do not count.
@William Gaskell An arbitrary imposition on your part, considering that Chris' informal usage of "word" did not detract from the intended meaning, and thus did not interfere with interpretation or comprehension. He could have used the term "homophone," which is defined as words that sound alike, but which also classifies "there," "their" and the contraction "they're" each as a "word."
Bottom line is that Chris was pointing out a real problem with grammar, while your objection has little merit.
@William Gaskell
Personally, I don't bother policing comments for proper English usage, other than to sometimes question where the meaning becomes confused. However, I will occasionally point out such errors in blogs and articles to be helpful, and as I feel there should be an expectation that they should be held to a higher standard. Nonetheless, I don't fault others who feel so compelled doing so in a civil manner; it's all good. I do think Chris would have done better to reply directly to Drkamal, with the understanding that English may quite possibly be a second or third language for him.
So cute! That little baby is adorable and mama is beautiful. Thanks for sharing.
Drkamal needs to know the difference between the 3 spellings of the word (there) & their Meanings!
is some ones shirt in it?????
Fantastic! Light and all.
Flash light is so ugly, but I guess there was no other mean to capture the scene. And the scene is definitely worth capturing!
it's so unlike a photo, must be painted by a artist of master
Very beautiful shot, thank you for sharing.
Lovely shot. Looks like an oil painting.
Very prehistoric!! Awesome!
Beauty and Beast!!!!
A cool pic of nature..quite silent look.
Great shot!
Nice pic .. with beautiful view
Wonderful. As a graduate of BYU and retiree from Washington State University (both of which use the Cougar as a mascot symbol) I have always had a love for these cats. Seeing them like this in an amazing photograph is a testimony to the skill of this photographer. After 50 years of hunting in Washington and Utah I have seen many cougar tracks but only two Cougars. Well done.
Cool view
Meh, honestly this is the weakest Photo of The Day for the past few weeks...
But at least nature is ALWAYS beautiful!
@J. Quick Weak photo ....Who do you think you are Mister Quick ....
its amazing
Are the cats looking at the photographer? Unbelievably magnificent shot. So great to get to see them this close in their environment.
A wonderful photograph,high lighting two animals seemingly posed for their shot. And the story is even more amazing.Reading the comment by A I, is very interesting. Tho'my eyes see the picture, I now see the" what maybe" of it. j.e.s.
That the kitten has a rope around him is particularly disturbing to me. Whether or not anyone accepts my other observations this one in particular gets my attention, because it is definitely there--the others can be dismissed as opinion or misinterpretation. Let me say too--that the story associated with the photo is about F51 and her passing off her kitten to another female. I didn't assume that this referred to the she-lion and kitten in THIS photo, rather an observation made of two Mountain Lions in the Grand Tetons. This is a common convention in Wild Life photography, that the story is the story, but the photo is an example of the species involved in the story not necessarily the subject of the story. I might be wrong in this case, but I sort of stand by my observation--this looks like a nursing age kitten, so why would the mother pass it off to an apparently non-nursing surrogate, which would certainly result in its death? Yes, it is the wild and not every wild mother is capable of accepting or rearing it's offspring--but if we are to believe the story F51 essentially "seduced" another she-lion to accept her kitten....but before weaning? Why would she do that? Milk production is uncomfortable, so why would the mother adopt out this kitten prior to weaning? Just trying to think it through...
An amazing animal.
el fotografo merece ser primiado si es que arriesgo su vida tomandola, la fotografia no es cuestion de clikear, las fotos demuestran sentido, cohesion, detalles que se distingen ya sea minimos pero tienen grande anecdotas impresionantes..
hermosa foto!
I loge the scenery, shading and species. All around wonderful picture
exceleenttt .......... lovely shot
What a poignant and beautiful photo---that deserves Photo of the Day! Love it, thanks for sharing this photo with us all!
Just love those cats!
I feel like I'm right there on the next ledge over.
Browse Photo of the Day Images
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Victorinox Swiss Champ Multitool


text:
Daily oral care is important for your pet's healthy teeth and gums. Minty-fresh Nolvadent solution rinses away debris and food with germ-killing chlorhexidine. Gum disease and tooth loss are preventable conditions. Regular teeth brushing and rinsing with a chlorhexidine solution support healthy teeth and gums. Nolvadent has a tapered applicator that easily squirts into the mouth to wash away bacteria. It can also be used with dental sponges or a dog toothbrush for more effective cleaning.
If you like Nolvadent, try Doctors Foster and Smith Dental Clens Solution. It has the same active ingredient and minty-fresh flavor.
Please click on "More Information" for directions.


text:
Related Links
In order to view the lecturers you should have Windows Media Player installed. Download here.
Review Videos
- How to study Mathematics
- View on-campus -wmv*
- View off-campus -wmv*
† WMV files require Windows Media Player to view. Download here
Arithmetic Review Videos
View videos which will help you review the important concepts of Arithmetic. While the videos refer to a particular textbook you can use the site without the textbook. [Learn more]
This page developed and maintained by Mathematics. Send comments and suggestions to email@example.com .


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MSN TV - Bringing MSN Services into the living room
- Posted: May 06, 2005 at 10:09AM
- 28,946 views
- 7 comments
Loading user information from Channel 9
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Oops, something didn't work.
Orb are allowing users for free to stream their saved TV shows, or any other media files including music I beleive remotely. So how come this kind of functionality which should be in MSN Messenger is not, nothing I would like more than to use the Wi-Fi on
my handheld to grab a pre-recorded programme on the train back from home.
Check it out!
Comments have been closed since this content was published more than 30 days ago, but if you'd like to continue the conversation, please create a new thread in our Forums, or Contact Us and let us know.


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I have a Debian based server but I don't have physical access to it and it doesn't have a DVD-drive or similar. I only have root access. Is it possible to format and reinstall Debian just by using the root account?
I was thinking of solutions like installing to a separate partition and after install format the current partition or perhaps using VMWare and always run it as a VM although this would impede performance.
This is because my Debian server is currently in my home country(at my parents) while I moved to another country. Do you think perhaps I should dump the server altogether and go for a hosted solution? I normally would prefer to keep my server because hosted solutions normally cost you more than having your own server and paying only for electricity.


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Release date:
July 18, 2008
(conventional theaters and IMAX; re-release: Jan. 23, 2009)
Studio: Warner Bros. Pictures
Director: Christopher Nolan
MPAA Rating: PG-13 (for intense sequences of violence and some menace)
Screenwriters: Jonathan Nolan, Christopher Nolan
Starring: Christian Bale, Heath Ledger, Aaron Eckhart, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Gary Oldman, Michael Caine, Morgan Freeman
Official website: TheDarkKnight.com| IBelieveinHarveyDent.com| IBelieveinHarveyDentToo.com| WhySoSerious.com
Plot Summary:
"The Dark Knight" reunites director Christopher Nolan with star Christian Bale, who returns to continue Batman's war on crime. With the help of Lieutenant Jim Gordon (Gary Oldman) and District Attorney Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckhart), Batman sets out to destroy organized crime in Gotham for good. The triumvirate proves to be effective, but they soon find themselves prey to a rising criminal mastermind known as the Joker (Heath Ledger), who thrusts Gotham into anarchy and forces the Dark Knight ever closer to crossing the fine line between hero and vigilante.


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The CWC girls golf team has had its ups and downs this season, but Coach Terry Austin is hoping that the team is peaking at just the right time.
On Monday the girls hosted Marion and Goreville. CWC defeated both teams. CWC scored 187, while Marion scored 211 and Goreville came in with a 222.
Individual scoring for CWC was Arwen Aylsworth with a 39, Ryse Douthitt with a 48, Kramer Williams with a 51, Carlie Gee with a 49, Carson Carter with a 57 and Chaselyn Craig with a 69.
"This was by far our best score for the season and hopefully we can go even lower," said Austin. "I am very proud of Arwen for her 39 and Carlie is definitely improving her score consistently."
The girls will play Friday at Anna-Jonesboro.
Location, ST | website.com


text:
Creative Samples Library
Office Depot's Customer-Focused Features:
Sample emails to nonconverters - Be mobile - faster and easier
Note: This sample is from the MarketingSherpa article:
Interview: Secret Behind Office Depot's Online Success (Hint: They Listen to Their Customers. Yes, Really)
Sample 1 of 8 --
Click here
to return to main samples page for this campaign.
Note: This is a screenshot; links will not work.


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Police Chief Calls Out Armed Protest Threat In Washington DC
Since Friday, more than 2,000 people have RSVPed to the march to "put the government on notice."
In a local news channel interview pointed out by Politico, Metropolitan Police Department Chief Cathy Lanier explained that this is an open disregard for DC law:
[W]hen you cross with firearms and you're not in compliance with the law now you're talking about a criminal offense and there's going to be some action by police. Obviously there has been no permit filed by the organizer and we've not made contact with the organizer yet. But we will, and we'll make sure they understand that if they want to pass through the District of Columbia with loaded firearms as long as they are in compliance with the firearms laws for transportation of firearms to the District, we're all for it. But passing into the District of Columbia with firearms is a violation of the law and we'll have to treat it as such.
Whether Lanier's warning invigorates or extinguishes the protest remains unclear.
Kokesh's plans, along with a series of other open carry protests, undermines arguments made by the National Rifle Association against gun violence prevention. The NRA claims that it is unfair of the government to strengthen background checks or ban assault rifles for law-abiding citizens. Yet this protest plans to purposely break the law.
That point is missed by Kokesh. Open carry is illegal in the District, but Kokesh wants to aim his message at the federal government for attempting modest background checks supported by gun owners and non-gun owners alike.


text:
: Continuous Integration with Team Build "Orcas"
- Posted: Mar 14, 2007 at 3:47PM
- 18,495 views
- 11 comments
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[Note: Although I, Rory Blyth, Channel 9 superstar and grade D internet celebrity am posting this video, I didn't actually make it. The credit goes to
Brian Keller - an evangelist for Team System. So... pretty cool ]
Jim Lamb and Buck Hodges on the Team Foundation Server team show off the new Continuous Integration support they are building for the "Orcas" release of Team Foundation Server! 'nuff said. Check out the demo!
Oops, something didn't work.
Looks great... a few questions...
1. It looks like the build agent is actually a dummy/slave machine and it is actually the TFS that monitors checkins and when a build is needed it tells a build agent to run that build. Is this the case? If so, can you have a pool of build agents rather than specifiying a specific agent for a specific build?
2. The build status UI looked like it was passive... in other words you actually had to decide to look at the build status screen to see if one failed or whatever. Is there any type of notifications that just pop-up if a build fails... sort of like cctray? CCtray makes things so easy... you can basically ignore it but a quick glance without opening any UI dialog and you can tell the status via the Green-Yellow-Red indications.
3. Is there any labeling in source control that corresponds to a build? This could perhaps be used because a build is compiled as Debug for testing but then when we decide to release the build we want to actually rebuild from the same source to create a release/install package. Or, is this just part of the build project file itself? (Sorry we have worked with TFS build at all yet.)
4. How easy is it to add additional build steps like perhaps running FxCop or Simian or Fitnesse tests? Can the reports from those third party tools be integrated into the data warehouse?
Are there any changes to team build that might help deal with the current hell of dependant solutions in different team projects?
Comments have been closed since this content was published more than 30 days ago, but if you'd like to continue the conversation, please create a new thread in our Forums, or Contact Us and let us know.


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Diamond Jubilee is the perfect quilters' version of a still life. It is a 42" square set on point which features a basket overflowing with fruits and flowers. Grapevines wind through floral stems set off by birds in the air blocks in jewel-toned calicos. This pattern comes complete with very detailed instructions for both hand and machine appliqué. Designed by Vicki Arnold
Item : SMVDJ106


text:
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The GoPro HERO4 is as rugged as it gets. Strap on your helmet — this beast of a camera can handle your bravest outdoor adventures.


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Amazon matches Google Play $.25 Apps for Day 3
And keeps some from Day 1 & 2.
Amazon had matched the $.25 apps for Google Apps Day 3 plus left some favorites from Day 1 & 2. 14 apps are available for $.25.
Temple Run Brave, Draw Something, Sketch Book, Color and Draw, Tune In Radio, Cut the Rope, Ez PDF Reader,Rebuild, Kids ABC Letters, Pic Say Pro,Paper Camera, Msecure, Monster ate my condo, Amazinf Alex Premium
9 Comments add a comment
I just bought Rebuild for .25 and then got an email saying it qualified for a promotional $1 credit on Amazon MP3. Not sure if it applies to all of them, but a heads up.
Oh man... this makes me so jealous.
I wished iTunes pulled this off..
Itunes lolz!
I also got the $1 credit for MP3. I think it applies to everything. But it is not clear if it ends Oct. 1 or at the end of the year. Confusing explanation I think.
The email I got said the credit expires Oct. 31st.
Thanks for the info!!!
Sweet! I did not feel like filling out google wallet info
Apple had Temple Run Brave for free as app of the week just recently.
I got 'em on Google Play. Don't like the Amazon restriction that their Player has to be running when you use the game. So AKA, you can only play the game while you have an internet connection.


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NYU Celebrates the 43rd Anniversary of Earth Day with a Week-Long Program of Events
Apr 8, 2013
New York University will participate in the 43rd annual Earth Day festivities with a week-long celebration of eco-friendly events including a sprout growing workshop, a food festival, film & lectures, green projects, and an environmentally friendly clothing swap. All events are free and open to the public. Some events require a RSVP. For the complete schedule of Earth Day/Week related events, please see Sustainability at NYU.
Read More
NYUToday-feature, Events, Sustainability | Article


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Though I'm sure it's really hard to work out for myself, does anyone know a reference for the spectra of the Laplacian on the 17 flat compact orbifolds that underlie the 17 planar symmetry groups.
I'm thinking Neumann boundary conditions to model reflection lines. And I do realize that these spectra may vary according to a certain number of moduli depending on the group.
(Feel free to add more tags if appropriate.)


text:
How to test if a number is a primitive root, assuming the modulus is a prime? And if not?
Is it not enough if the number is relatively prime to the modulus or prime?
How to test if a number is a primitive root, assuming the modulus is a prime? And if not?
Is it not enough if the number is relatively prime to the modulus or prime?
For all $m$, if $m$ is a positive integer then
$g$ is a primitive root mod $m$ $\;$ if and only if
I assume we are in the case of $G = \mathbb{Z}_p^*$, and we have $g\in G$, and we want to determine whether the order of $g$ is in fact $p-1$.
From Exercise 1.31, Silverman and Pipher: Let $a\in\mathbb{F}_p^*$ and let $b = a^{(p-1)/q}$. Prove that either $b=1$ or else $b$ has order $q$.
(In addition, by remark 1.33, there are exactly $\phi(p-1)$ primitive elements.)
Naively, I would try to use the result of the exercise on the prime factorization of $p-1$, and since the order of the product of the $a^{(p-1)/q}$ is the LCM of the orders of the terms, you get an element of order $p-1$. I don't know if this is more efficient than trying random elements and computing powers $1,...,p-1$.
edit: it seems I am not too far off. source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_root_modulo_n#Finding_primitive_roots
If you don't trust that, one can look up the sequence on OEIS, and the reference there is: Burton, D. M. "The Order of an Integer Modulo n," "Primitive Roots for Primes," and "Composite Numbers Having Primitive Roots." Sections 8.1-8.3 in Elementary Number Theory, 4th ed. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown Publishers, pp. 184-205, 1989. [From Jonathan Vos Post, Sep 10 2010]


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Very little attention has been given to the reproductive and endocrine needs of these patients but I believe that the extraordinary advances in reproductive techniques will transform the quality of care for these patients. I'd like to share with you some of the exciting new developments taking place in this area. On Monday, November 17 1994, at the last AFS meeting in San Antonio there were 5 presentations that pointed clearly towards the future and confirmed to me that there is hope for these patients. Dr. Zahng from Beijing University presented a paper entitled; "Extra Corporeal Development of Human Fetal Ova". One square mm of ovarian tissue from 4 week old fetuses was cultured In Vitro for 36-42 hours. The primordial oocytes were denuded of their cumulus and then observed until extrusion of their first polar body. Seven days later 25% of these oocytes had extruded their polar body and were surrounded by zona. If it was possible to harvest immature oocytes from patients prior to chemotherapy or radiation, it could be possible to hope for reproductive potential for these patients. However, it would be necessary to cryopreserve these oocytes until a time when the patient is cured. Gook DA et al (Human Reproduction 9(4):684-91,1994) have shown a 73% oocyte survival rate after cryopreservation of human oocytes and a fertilization rate in these previously cryopreserved oocytes equal to that in their IVF program. However, there are justified concerns regarding chromosomal abnormalities in cryopreserved oocytes and this is why the paper by Park et al presented also in San Antonio is of such importance. These researchers from South Korea performed chromosomal analysis of 122 human oocytes, obtained from non stimulated ovaries in patients undergoing tubal ligations. They proceeded to compare chromosomal preparations from fresh and cryopreserved oocytes. Using FISH techniques they confirmed a much higher rate of chromosomal abnormalities in oocytes which had been frozen then in those which had not been frozen. This, and other experiments, point to the need to proceed with caution in this area and probably to the need to perform pre-embryonic genetic studies in embryos obtained from previously frozen oocytes. Also, given the high rate of failure to implant in IVF procedures it is important to improve our In Vitro culture techniques so that embryos may develop further in the laboratory and blastomeres can be genetically studied prior to uterine implantation. Because of the need to attain these two objectives, that is, embryo biopsy and implantation enhancement, the Norfolk group, presented their results using coculture systems, using specialized Vero cells and monkey oocytes thus proving that by using sophisticated coculture techniques they were able to increase the number of oocytes reaching the blastocyst stage. Numerous advances were also presented to deal with the best method to use sperm from men who had stored samples for later use. Because most men who store their sperm prior to cancer therapy have semen samples of poor quality, any techniques attempting to improve sperm micromanipulation is of special relevance to our discussion. At the present time there is no clear consensus as to what is the most efficient use of these few and often compromised samples. Should we use insemination techniques or should we proceed directly to ART techniques with or without gamete micromanipulation? Asada et al from Eastern Virginia Medical School proved that ICSI did not damage the meiotic spindle of hamster eggs provided that the sperm is micro-injected as far away as possible from the first polar body and Sherin, et al from Genetics and IVF Institute of Fairfax showed a 34% survival rate of oocytes after ICSI and a 27% pregnancy rate per embryo transfer. These are encouraging results for patients who have poor quality samples. Silber, et al from St. Luke's Hospital, in St. Louis, in conjunction with the group from Belgium, went one step further and reported on the results of inseminating 240 eggs by ICSI using sperm recovered from testicular biopsies and obtaining an outstanding 31% pregnancy rate (n=16). If that was not enough, a very intriguing paper from Japan was presented by Sofkitis describing the technique for inseminating oocytes with round spermatids nuclei and proving development to 4 cell stage and pregnancy in rabbits.
The most frequent malignancies that bring these patients to consult with the reproductive endocrinologist are Hodgkin's, Lymphomas, Leukemias, breast cancer and testicular cancer. Their most common questions are related to the effects of surgery, radiation therapy and or chemotherapy on their future reproductive potential. We discuss with them and often with their parents the alternatives before treatment. At present the only viable option is to offer sperm or zygote cryopreservation. Hopefully, as mentioned earlier, oocyte cryopreservation may soon be another option. Another concern of these patients is the role of hormone replacement therapy, or the possible use of GnRH agonists in an effort to protect the gonads during chemotherapy. Other important but unresolved issues have to do with the effects of chemotherapeutic agents or radiation on the reproductive organs themselves. There is very little information available on these subjects and counseling is difficult. We can share with them for instance that cancer treatments increase the risk of early menopause and that this complication is related to therapy dosage and age of the patient at the time of treatment. Other better known facts are that the long-term effects of cancer and its treatment in men are oligospermia or azoospermia and ovulatory disorders including amenorrhea in women. The reversibility of some agents have been published and traditional chemotherapeutic combination therapy (CVP, MVPP, ABVD) has shown reversibility rates from 1 in 129 to 13 in 26. Whenever possible in young persons the less toxic agents must be chosen, for example it is known that AABVD is much less toxic then MOOP.
During a 5 year period from 1979 to 1983 all patients in Denmark with metastatic non- seminomatous and extragonadal germ cell cancer were treated with 6 cycles of cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin (PVB). Thirty-nine patients referred to the Finsen Institute accepted a follow-up examination of side-effects 3.5 - 9 years after chemotherapy. Renal toxicity, pulmonary toxicity and neurotoxicity were the most pronounced long-term side-effects. Nearly all patients had a peripheral sensory neuropathy probably caused by axonal degeneration and PVB treatment caused low sperm counts and a subclinical Leydig cell dysfunction in the majority of patients. Azoospermia was observed in 27% of the patients.
Anti-neoplastic drugs interfere with cell mechanisms involved in cell growth affecting RNA and DNA synthesis and or function. These drugs include Alkalating agents, anti- neoplastic antibiotics, alkaloids and anti-metabolites. Treatment of cancer with multiple-drug chemotherapy regimens or radiation therapy can cause either temporary azoospermia of various durations or permanent azoospermia in young men. To identify which drugs in which doses contribute to long-term or permanent azoospermia, semen analyses were done on patients with Ewing and soft tissue sarcomas before, during, and after treatment with either CYADIC (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and dacarbazine), or CYVADIC (vincristine added to CYADIC). Some patients also received other drugs or radiation therapy. From pre-treatment levels that were similar to those of control subjects, sperm production declined to azoospermia within 4 months of treatment. Sperm production returned in some patients after treatment; 40% of men recovered to normospermic levels by 5 years after treatment. Few patients showed continued recovery of sperm production after that time. The cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide was the most significant determinant of recovery to normospermic levels; approximately 70% of those who had received doses less than 7.5 g/m2 (median, 4.1 g/m2) recovered, but only 10% recovered when doses exceeded 7.5 g/m2. Thus, a risk of permanent sterility is associated with the use of the CYADIC and CYVADIC regimens in young men, especially when the cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide is greater than 7.5 mg/m2.
Radiation and chemotherapy reduce sperm count and cause infertility in males. In the mouse, rat, and human, the differentiating spermatogonia are the most sensitive to killing by cytotoxic agents, resulting in short-term azoospermia. Stem spermatogonia are also killed by some agents. In the mouse, sperm production gradually recovers from surviving stem cells without a lag period. In the rat, however, surviving stem cells may remain as A spermatogonia for a long time without initiating differentiation. In humans, there may be a long period of azoospermia; the time at which recovery or sperm production is initiated appears to be related to the degree of stem cell killing. Knowledge of the mechanisms regulating spermatogonial proliferation and differentiation could lead to ways to minimize the duration of azoospermia following treatment. Treatment of lymphomas with combination chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy (XRT) can result in long-term or permanent azoospermia. Semen analyses of lymphoma patients were performed before, during, and after treatment with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, Prednisone, and bleomycin (CHOP- Bleo) chemotherapy. Some of the patients also received other drugs or radiation therapy. Although no patients were azoospermic before treatment, all were rendered azoospermic during treatment. Following the completion of treatment, the fraction of patients whose sperm counts recovered increased gradually over 5 years and plateaued by 7 years, with two thirds of the men achieving normospermic levels. Scattered gonadal radiation dose and cumulative cyclophosphamide dose were found to be independently significant determinants of recovery. Pelvic XRT and cumulative cyclophosphamide dosages greater than 9.5 g/m2 are associated with a high risk of permanent sterility in lymphoma patients treated with the CHOP-Bleo regime.
Individual agents within each of the major classes of antibiotics have been shown to have significant adverse effects on spermatogenesis or spermatozoal function in mammals. For humans, infertility or significant alterations in semen parameters have been well documented for the nitrofurans and for patients on sulfasalazine. Other commonly used antibiotics, such as minocycline, have been shown to be toxic to sperm at any concentration. Until further information is available, clinicians must keep in mind that treatment with antibiotics may adversely affect the fertility potential of men. It is possible that some classes of antibiotic agents, such as the penicillins or the quinolones, may have minimal effects on male fertility. Further investigation is needed into the relative toxicity of antibiotics and the mechanisms by which antibiotics affect spermatogenesis and spermatozoal function. {8}
The effects of chemotherapy on the chromosomes in sperm are very
poorly understood and very few studies have addressed this question.
In one of such studies four hundred fifty sperm complements from eight
controls were analyzed. A conservative estimate of aneuploidy was
1.8% with a hyperhaploid rate of 0.9% (4/450). The overall frequency
of structural aberrations was 8.9% (40/450). The proportion of
X-bearing (47.5%) and Y-bearing (52.5%) sperm did not differ
significantly. Sperm complements were analyzed from a cancer patient
9 months after polychemotherapy (n = 63) and from a patient being
treated with Imurek (azathioprine) (n = 30). There was no significant
increase in the incidence of numerical and structural chromosome
aberrations in the sperm of either patient. The percentages of
X-bearing and Y-bearing sperm were not significantly different from
the expected 50%.
Survival of mammalian cells during freezing requires the presence of
cryoprotective substances such as glycerol or DMSO (Dimethyl
Sulfoxyde). The discovery that compounds like glycerol could prevent
slow freezing damage was totally fortuit. Sperm had been mixed with
glycerol rather then sucrose and that compound have prevented the
damage which was common when they had used sucrose in their
experiments. The exact mechanism of the damage due to slow freezing
is not understood but it is thought to be due to the increase in extra
cellular electrolyte content and then the inability of the cells to
shrink appropriately to the extent required to maintain the osmotic
pressure without disturbing the cellular membrane. The cell may also
be damaged at the time of warming and if intracellular crystals did
form at the time of freezing there is a good chance that these
crystals may damage the cell at the time of warming although some
cells may be rescued by rapid warming. On the other hand slow
freezing might have preclude intracellular crystal formation and the
cells may do better at the time of warming.
During sexual reproduction meiosis occurs so that the diploid number of chromosomes of the egg and the sperm becomes haploid. This process of halving is accomplished by 2 rapid chromosomal segregation. In the male the precursor divides symmetrically so that the end result is 4 identical sperm. In females the precursor divides asymmetrically resulting in one large egg and 3 small cells that are discarded. Cells must pace their division so that they should not enter their mitosis or meiosis until the chromosomes are replicated failure to do so may result in cells that lack a chromosome also the cells should not divide until the cell volume has doubled. The integration of these functions is accomplished by certain substances such as the MPF or Maturation Promoting Factor which is not activated until cdc genes produce a cdc 2 protein kinase that transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins and therefore cell growth. The cdc2 protein is one of the 2 parts of the MPF the second is the cyclins.
In meiosis there is a first arrest in the germinal cells just before birth and this arrest is maintained up to the graafian follicle stage and there is no resumption of meiosis until the follicular cells interact with gonadotropins, steroids and other intrafollicular growth factors. This first interruption of meiosis is easily observed in immature oocytes because they display a prominent nucleus called the Germinal vesicle. The oocyte will not undergo further maturation until this GV undergoes a breakdown (GVB) and extrudes the first polar body and progresses to the second meiotic arrest at the metaphase II stage. This period of maturation between prophase I to metaphase II is the period of oocyte maturation. In vivo the oocyte does not progress and continues GV breakdown because the influence of follicular inhibiting factors specifically cAMP. Once this inhibiting factor is removed the Maturation Promoting Factor (MPF) becomes active and the oocyte progresses from G2 to M. The failure to fertilize eggs in vitro may be countered by micromanipulation of gametes to place selected spermatozoa underneath the zona pellucida of the egg or directly into the egg, thereby improving chances of fertilization and production of viable embryos. Tucker et al (Am J Obstet Gynec 169,1993) analyzed their clinical data for assisted fertilization. Retrospective analysis of 85 cycles (73 couples) of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in which micromanipulation for assisted fertilization was used to overcome either severe male factor infertility or idiopathic failure to fertilize, was performed in 60 cycles where only embryos from under zona insemination were available for uterine transfer, 15 singleton and two twin pregnancies occurred (28.3% viable pregnancy rate per transfer, 14.1% embryonic implantation). In 14 of these cycles embryos arose only after repeated under zona insemination adding more spermatozoa; this accounted for four of the singleton and one of the twin pregnancies (38.5% pregnancy rate, 22.2% embryonic implantation). No embryos arose from partial zona dissection performed in five cycles on sibling eggs. Direct egg injection of a single spermatozoon into 105 eggs gave an 88.6% egg survival and 32.3% fertilization. Overall, a 24.7% (21/85) viable pregnancy rate per cycle initiated occurred when only embryos from assisted fertilization were available. This strongly indicates that assisted fertilization made a real contribution in cases where either insufficient spermatozoa were available for conventional insemination or in cases where previous fertilization failure had arisen.
Fertilization failure is a serious problem in human in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs specially when sperm is of poor quality. When two hundred and ninety-four IVF cycles performed at the National Taiwan University Hospital from July 1989 to June 1991 were retrospectively analyzed, thirty-seven (13%) of the 294 cycles were observed to have fertilization failure. The incidence of fertilization failure in male factor patients was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in others. Patients with oligo-asthenospermia tended to have a higher rate of fertilization failure than patients with oligospermia or asthenospermia alone. In non-male factor patients, a smaller number of oocytes and mature oocytes was found in patients with fertilization failure than in patients achieving fertilization. These results suggest that severe oligo-asthenospermia patients with repeated fertilization failure should be candidates for micromanipulation of gametes in subsequent IVF trials.
Over the past decade, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) has become a routine and acceptable tool in the treatment of infertility. However, major limitations in solving certain infertility problems still remain. Male infertility is one area in which only a small fraction of patients have benefited from IVF. Union of male and female gametes, either in vivo or in vitro, requires sperm penetration through the cumulus oophorus and the zona pellucida. Failure of fertilization despite the increased number of spermatozoa introduced into the oocyte's vicinity by IVF, has been shown to be directly related to abnormalities in sperm cell morphology and motility. The improved technology for micromanipulation of gametes has made it possible to circumvent the oocyte barriers to sperm penetration, thereby greatly reducing the number of normal sperm cells needed to achieve fertilization. Three major micromanipulative strategies have been developed over the past five years. Advances in clinical micromanipulation of gametes and embryos, assisted fertilization and hatching. Several methods for micromanipulation of human gametes have been proposed to enhance fertilization in cases of male infertility. Of these methods, two have been successful in producing pregnancies and live births worldwide; these include partial zona dissection and subzonal sperm insertion. During the period between October 1989 and July 1991, 251 patients with male infertility due to impaired sperm function were treated with in vitro fertilization in conjunction with gamete micromanipulation at our center. Sixty pregnancies (24% per cycle, 42% per replacement) resulted in 144 patients. In another study, in an attempt to increase the incidence of implantation, the authors conducted three clinical trials of assisted hatching and selected assisted hatching. The combined results of the trials indicate a clinical pregnancy rate of 51% in the control group and 60% in the micromanipulated group (P less than 0.05). Various microsurgical procedures at the cellular and subcellular levels using laser non-touch techniques have been used for micromanipulation of human spermatozoa. This manipulation is aimed at increasing the fertilization rate following insemination with low-quality spermatozoa. Another intracellular application of the laser beams is the destruction of extra pronuclei in polyspermic fertilized human oocytes.
Two hundred and thirteen SZI cycles were performed at Sydney IVF in
the 4 year period from September 1988 to September 1992, for extreme
male factor patients with previous IVF failures or extremely low sperm
numbers for whom SZI was the first option. A total of 138 embryo
transfers were reported, producing 20 clinical pregnancies after
performing SZI on 1899 oocytes. giving an overall pregnancy rate of
14.5% per embryo transfer or 9.4% per cycle.
In general cancer therapy during pregnancy consists of surgery, radiation or chemotherapy and the following generalities can be made:
1 in 3 to 10,000 pregnancies may occur in breast cancer patients. Tendency to be diagnosed in more advanced stages because of the difficulties in breast examination. Pregnancy in itself may not aggravate the course of the disease. About 10% of post cancer patients become pregnant within 5 years and no well recognized negative effects have been described. Lactation is not contraindicated.
Genital/Cervical Cancer
1.3 in 1,000 - Invasive cancer 1 in 2000
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In a Banach space, is the convex hull of finite set compact?
closed as too localized by George Lowther, Matthew Daws, Andreas Blass, Bill Johnson, Alain Valette Nov 4 '11 at 15:26
This question is unlikely to help any future visitors; it is only relevant to a small geographic area, a specific moment in time, or an extraordinarily narrow situation that is not generally applicable to the worldwide audience of the internet. For help making this question more broadly applicable, visit the help center.If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
Suppose $X$ is your Banach space and let $\{x_1,\dots,x_n\}$ be a finite subset of $X$. Let $$S=\{(t_1,\dots,t_n)\in\mathbb R^n:t_1,\dots,t_n\geq0,\\,t_1+\cdots+t_n=1\}$$ be the standard simplex in $\mathbb R^n$. The map $$\phi:(t_1,\dots,t_n)\in S\mapsto t_1x_1+\cdots+t_nx_n\in X$$ is evindently continuous and its image is $\mathrm{conv}\{x_1,\dots,x_n\}$. Since $S$ is compact, so is $\mathrm{conv}\{x_1,\dots,x_n\}$.
Of course yes: the n points lie in the finite-dimentional linear subspace generated by themselves (remember that any norm, when restricted to a finite-dimensional linear subspace, gives rise to the same topology on that space).
Actually, the convex hull of a sequence of points $(x_n)$ is (relatively) compact when $x_n\rightarrow 0$, and this easily gives a positive answer to your question (but is somewhat overkill). In fact, a closed convex set K in a Banach space is compact if and only if it's contained in the closed convex hull of a sequence $(x_n)$ with $x_n\rightarrow 0$. See, for example, Lindenstrauss and Tazfriri, vol I, Proposition 1.e.2.


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Breast Surgery
Achieve Natural Looking Results with Breast Surgery
Choosing breast surgery is a big decision, and we know it's important for you to understand your surgical options in order to achieve the natural looking results you desire. The Emory Aesthetic Center offers breast enhancement surgery, breast lift and even breast reduction to enhance each individual's body contours and offer a woman more control over her breast size.
Let our team of specialists at the Emory Aesthetic Center help walk you through the journey. Our experienced breast surgeons will meet with you one-on-one to answer your questions and ensure you are confidently ready to take the next step.
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text:
Let $G=(V,E)$ be an undirected graph, such that $V$ is a subset of $\{1,\dotsc,N\} \times \{1,\dotsc,N\}$ and there is an edge between $2$ vertices if and only if they have one identical coordinate and differ by exactly $1$ in the other coordinate (we can think about it as a grid, with some points omitted, such that we can move up/down/right/left).
The graph $G$ defines a metric (by $d(v_1,v_2)=$minimum number of edges in a path from $v_1$ to $v_2$). A sphere is defined as usual: for $v \in V$, we let $S(v,r)=\{u \in V \mid d(v,u)=r\}$.
What is $\max\limits_{v,r}|S(v,r)|$? An asymptotic expression in terms of $N$ would be enough. I strongly suspect it is $O(N)$ because that is what we get if $V=\{1,\dotsc,N\} \times \{1,\dotsc,N\}$ (i.e: no point omitted) and take $v=(N/2,N/2)$ and $r=N/2$.


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Thanks to a rebounding economy, dads this year stand to get more than just a boring tie, a pair of socks or a pat on the back for Father's Day.
According to industry research firm IBISWorld, Father's Day sales are expected to total $13 billion this year, a 2% increase from 2012. Traditional Father's Day gifts, such as automotive accessories and clothing, will take a backseat to gift choices reflecting economic recovery, like home-improvement tools. This increase is mainly due to the overall rise in consumer spending during the past year.
Special outings, like dining out and watching sporting events, are expected to account for the largest share of Father's Day spending this year, contributing 18.8% of total holiday sales, up 3.5% from 2012. Specifically, spending at restaurants is expected to increase in revenue on Father's Day as families go out to eat to celebrate dad.
Books, CDs, personal care products and sporting goods, which make up the "Other" category, are a close second to those special outings, and are anticipated to account for 18.4% of this holiday's spending. These gifts are estimated to increase 2% from last year as consumers shift away from more practical gifts like clothing. Because consumers have higher disposable income levels than they did during the recession, they have more flexibility in buying discretionary gifts, such as golf clubs.
Even greeting card sales are estimated to jump; although they will only account for 7 % of total holiday spending, greeting card sales are expected to jump 9% from 2012, thanks to higher disposable incomes. Additionally, the growth in popularity of handcrafted greetings cards, driven by consumers' willingness to spend on personalized goods, will help boost spending on this category.
Clothing and electronics, both popular, long-standing choices for dad, are estimated to account for more than one-quarter of Father's Day spending combined. Spending on clothing, however, is expected to slightly decline as consumers change preferences and increase spending on electronics, such as an iPod touch or Amazon Kindle Fire. Gift cards will also remain a holiday mainstay this year because of their ease, convenience and their ability to let dad choose his own gift. They are estimated to account for the same amount of Father's Day spending as they did last year at 13%.
Despite strong growth in overall spending on Father's Day this year, spending on automotive accessories is estimated to drop 3.4% from 2012. Even though the automotive industry is expected to show signs of growth in 2013, consumer preferences for Father's Day gifts have started to shift from car accessories to home-improvement gifts. This is because of rises in housing prices and disposable income levels, which have led consumers to put time and money into do-it-yourself home repairs. Homeowners have veered away from hiring outside workers or contractors, as they are still adhering to tight budgets after the recent housing crash. These factors are estimated to boost consumer spending in this gift category in 2013.


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I'm using sharepoint 2007, custom list. from the datasheet view I can export the list into excel/access file. is it possible to create a button that proposes to export the list to excel. (in order to alleviate on the end user)
I needed to do this for one of my projects. Here are the steps I took.
Generate an export for the data you want to share via the out of the box process (ie via the Action Menu). When prompted, name and save this file locally. This is the Excel Query File and it has information about the site, list and view that generates this data.
Place the file in the SharePoint site. I created a separate document library for this content. Make sure you set the appropriate permissions.
On the page, place the html that launches the query file. I placed it in an html link on a publishing page but this could also exist in a content editor webpart or a link list.
This was a 2007 site and used FBA for authentication. If you are using FBA, the 'Remember Me' checkbox must be checked on the sign in page for the query to work in Excel.
The Actions menu of a Custom List has the "Export to Excel" button in. Are you after more than this offers? If so, what?
Bear in mind that the Export to Excel downloads an Excel Query File, which opens Excel, creates a Data Connection to the list and gets the data.
Another way to do it is:
This way, the query is inside the Excel file, which allows you to format the document and saves the end user a step.


text:
John-Paul and Donielle (Squier) Wirba of El Dorado are happy to announce the birth of their son, Roman Paul Tatinyuy Wirba on May 22, 2013.
He was born at Susan B. Allen Memorial Hospital at 5:07 a.m. and weighed 6 pounds 11.8 ounces and measured 20 inches long.
Maternal grandparents are Jim Squier and Donna Jo Nuessen. Great-grandparents are Patricia and Bill Squier.
Paternal grandparents are Joseph and Rosemary Wirba.
Roman's mom is a student and his dad is assistant manager at Walgreens.
He was welcomed home by big sister Camryn Wirba, 4.
Location, ST | website.com


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Could a Lorentz engine (like the ones that move the write head inside of hardrives) be used to run car ? Would it be possable to get it producing 60hp, and a decent amount of tourque, if so how large would it have to be / what would its power consumption be ?
Every electric motor runs using the Lorentz force, so there is no difference in principle between the motor in the hard drive and an electric car motor. There are commercial 60 hp electric motors that run electric cars, so the answer is yes. It's power consumption is, well, 60 hp. That's 45000 watts, plus a little more for heating the engine and so on, so say an even 50,000 watts. This randomly selected 60hp electric motor is about 18 inches across: (look for 364T in this link).
Yes, such an engine would be possible. For a circular motion you would need to modify the setup a little bit but not significantly.
While Ron is absolutely right that there is no difference in principle a big engineering/economical problem is that an engine with such a design would need very large and powerful permanent magnets. NdFeB magnets in a size enough to create 50kW would be quite heavy and expensive.
A standard electrical motor such as the one shown below from a vacuum cleaner does not require a large amount of rare earth materials. Instead all fields are created by coils wound around a high permeability material (iron alloys or for high end motors alloys with some amount of Nd).


text:
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This MLB snapback hat is what every die-hard fan needs to top off his team gear collection. The contrasting flat bill hat is simple with a bold embroidered team name on the front and logo on the left. Wear the adjustable MLB hat when you cheer on your favorite team!


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I am running sound on a very limited budget and am wondering if adding some compression to our vocals and/or guitars will help our sound much. I am thinking I would only need 8 channels of compression and this might be a big improvement over our current sound.
migrated from video.stackexchange.com Feb 21 '14 at 10:48
This question came from our site for engineers, producers, editors, and enthusiasts spanning the fields of video, and media creation.
Yes, definitely. Especially if your vocalists are not trained in microphone technique.
Dialing in some compression to take off the worst of the transients will help your live mix in exactly the same way it helps a mix of recorded music. It can also help you control feed back, because it will reduce the loud transient sounds that can trigger a feed back signal.
For live rock show, 4-7 piece bands, I've had good success with the following guidelines. As with anything else, remember that these are just guidelines - every room, every gig, every setup is different, and what works for one combination may not work for another.
Like anything else, you should use it if the situation warrants it.
Do you have issues with dynamic range? I once had a gospel style vocalist with a very big voice and a lot of range - when she hit the loud parts, it pushed the levels to somewhat uncomfortable levels. A bit of compression helped to take the edge off those parts without altering the rest. But if you don't have issues like like that you may not need compression.
Are you going for a specific compressed "sound"? If so then of course it makes sense to use it. Also, if you have issues keeping the vocal above everything else, compression can help keep you at the (high) levels you need without getting too loud. Although if that's the case, you might want to explore ways to get the instruments down, rather than pushing the vocal up.
As for feedback, you still have to be careful. Any make-up gain you use in the compressed channel can potentially push you into feedback territory when there's no signal getting through, even though it may not be there when there's signal present and the compressor is reducing the gain.
In other words, use it if there's something specific you need it to do. Simpler is better.
Compression is definitely great for live audio work. Used correctly in the mix, it can bring you lots of control for highly variable audio content.
I love using compression for my live audio!!!
I use it for individual mics and for the main & monitor mixes.


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In Brief: Librarians make frequent reference to "the traditional library" yet there is no accepted definition of the term. Responding to a debate that began at the 2013 ACRL National Conference, the author presents the results of a literature survey that explores the rhetorical usage and meaning of the phrase. Results indicate that the "traditional library" is commonly defined as a physical space emphasizing physical collections, and is often invoked as a counterpoint to the "modern" or "digital" library. A discussion of the potential value of such rhetoric follows.
by Kim Leeder
First: A Bit of Context
In a recent Lead Pipe editorial I accused do-it-yourself (DIY) library culture of being a survival strategy (Dorney, Ford, Leeder, & Vandegrift, 2013). "A traditional library," I said, "is a dead library." I repeated this statement as part of a panel presentation in front of a large group of librarians at the Association for College & Research Libraries (ACRL) National Conference in Indianapolis in April. I repeated it knowing full well that such Chicken Little rhetoric was likely to irritate, if not infuriate, a substantial proportion of my audience, but hoping that it would jump-start a constructive, creative conversation. I did not expect applause, nor did I receive any.
Instead, I found hornets. Glorious, buzzing hornets.
In case you missed the subsequent exchange, here's a quick review. After a brief but lively debate in which several people passionately defended the traditional library's future, the panel went on to explore examples of DIY culture such as Library Juice Press and the Library as Incubator Project, and to discuss how DIY might interact with longstanding, as-yet-unavoidable institutional structures like the academic tenure system. There was a lot of constructive, idealistic discussion, as well as a healthy dose of rabble-rousing.
Anecdotal feedback after the panel was encouraging. Attendees on Twitter and elsewhere described feeling empowered and excited to effect positive change in their libraries. Conference-goers even cited the panel as an "honorable mention" in the ACRL 2013 People's Choice Awards. Yet a few days after the session came a blog post by library administrator Brian Mathews (2013). While Mathews refrained from participating in the discussion in Indianapolis, he wrote that he was "surprised by the attitude that the session generated. There was a lot of 'damn the man' talk," he says, which he interprets as egotism and pessimism. According to Mathews, DIY culture is destructive while "startup thinking" is innovative. Unfortunately, he omits his references on startup thinking and refrains from sharing examples of such thinking in libraries beyond a nod to the #makeithappen philosophy. He concludes, "DIY feels more like a political statement than an innovation statement."
Mathews appears to have missed the point: it's both.
Meredith Farkas (2013), who was also at the ACRL panel session, responded to Mathews, noting that "[m]ost of the people at the presentation were talking about finding space to make innovative projects happen within traditional libraries." Interestingly, in the same post she later returns to attack the same rhetoric, stating, "The notion that there is a 'traditional library' and that we need to move away from that is a fallacy. Does every generation think they invented change? Libraries have been changing and adapting and becoming what their communities need for at least the past century." Her comments are echoed by Maoria Kirker (2013), who acknowledges that "tradition exists and will forever remain an element of librarianship," but asserts that "[w]e need to stop using the word 'traditional'" because it is so commonly misunderstood.
Ah, but there's the rub. The "traditional library" is so deeply rooted a concept that even those who object to it can't avoid using the term. It is a baseline against which we compare our progress, the tick marks on the wall against which we measure our growth. Without a traditional library there can be no modern library, no concise phrase that captures our past, and no thumbnail of our future. So what, exactly, is a traditional library? This article is a rhetorical adventure into that core question.
The Rhetoric of Tradition
As any scholar of language will tell you, the only true way to determine the meaning of a phrase is to survey the literature and see how it's being used in practice. Regardless of what we think of the term, what do we mean when the words slip out; when we talk about the "traditional library" in our conversations and publications? The next section of this article presents the results of a literature survey of both the professional and popular library literature to pinpoint the active, everyday meaning of the phrase. I present the following amalgamation of quotes after searching Library, Information Science, and Technology Abstracts, JSTOR, Google, and Google Books for the term "traditional library." For those interested, a crowdsource-friendly spreadsheet summary of the results is available for review and additional contributions.
While a wide array of librarian authors freely employ the phrase "traditional library," only one specifically defines the qualities of such a library in detail. A panel of authors led by Raj Reddy (1999) from the International Technology Research Institute published a report on Digital Information in Japan that identifies the traditional library as an institution characterized by these traits:
- emphasis on storage and preservation of physical items, particularly books and periodicals
- cataloging at a high level rather than one of detail, e.g., author and subject indexes as opposed to full text
- browsing based on physical proximity of related materials, e.g., books on sociology are near one another on the shelves
- passivity; information is physically assembled in one place; users must travel to the library to learn what is there and make use of it (6).
According to this perspective, the traditional library is equivalent to the physical library: it is driven by a focus on physical items and physical spaces. The priority in such a library, as reflected in traditional library building design, is the housing and protection of the current and future print collection. As a result, write Latimer & Niegaard (2008), "[m]ost library buildings were, and still are, large, intimidating, and frequently unwelcoming" (55-56).
Reddy et al. are not alone in equating the term "traditional" to "physical"; on the contrary, the wide majority of those who referenced the "traditional library" based their work on the same definition. For instance, L.A. Ogunsola (2011) addresses the concept in an article entitled, "The Next Step in Librarianship: Is the Traditional Library Dead?" published in Library Philosophy and Practice. He writes, "[t]raditionally, libraries were collections of books, manuscripts, journals, and other sources of recorded information…. In a traditional library, the catalogue is used to find traditional library materials" (2). The apparent redundancy of this statement only underscores the embeddedness of the term "traditional" and its close ties to the physical world. Even popular sources such as Ask.com ("What is the difference," n.d.) and LISWiki ("Digital library," n.d.) define the traditional library as "manual" and "confined…within a physical boundary," respectively.
Also common in the literature is the use of the term "traditional library" as a counterpoint to discussion of the "digital" or "online" library. Authors repeatedly employ the concept of the traditional library to frame discussion of how rapid changes in technology are affecting libraries. The comparisons reinforce the idea that traditional means print. David Lee King (2007), for one, crafted a Library 2.0 spectrum in which "[o]n the left-hand side of the spectrum are the Luddites. These are very traditional libraries and librarians who really don't understand the need to change and/or adapt to emerging trends." Or consider Diane Kresh's statement in The Whole Digital Library Handbook: "While traditional libraries are limited by storage space, digital libraries have the potential to store much more information" (2).
The Traditional Library in Context
Historically speaking, the focus on print materials in a "traditional" library addressed the needs of the community and the times. In an article in The Library Quarterly, Dan Lacy (1969) writes "The original, we may properly say 'traditional,' pattern of library service in the United States was based on a relative immobility of users and of materials and on a political system that looked to local sources of support for social services of all kinds" (13). Lacy describes the early interlibrary loan system, noting its limitations due to the slow speed of mail and lack of rapid transit. In a brief yet insightful article in Scandinavian Library Quarterly, Roland Persson (2003) makes the similar observation, "[t]he traditional library is in harmony with the industrialised society and the modern library with, what we initially call the information and media society." The distinction is based upon the economics of the time in which the library exists: those born in industrial times focus upon industrial products, while those born in information times focus upon media products. The boom in mass-production during the industrial period fed the traditional library's emphasis upon print books.
When considering the historical implications of the "traditional library" concept, it's helpful to revisit Farkas's comment from above. She wrote, "Does every generation think they invented change? Libraries have been changing and adapting and becoming what their communities need for at least the past century." She is not the only librarian to see the concept of the "traditional library" as a moving target. As described by Donald T. Hawkins (2012), a recent debate at the 2012 Charleston Conference argued this statement: "The traditional research library is dead." A vote of the audience at that session found that popular opinion was divided nearly in half, with 52% of attendees agreeing that traditional libraries are dead, and 48% objecting. Hawkins encapsulates debater Derek Law's (con) position as such: "Tradition is about evolution. Research libraries have existed for about 3,000 years. Traditional libraries have always adapted to changing media."
Perhaps the traditional library should be considered more of a spectrum than a point of comparison, or perhaps it is one point upon the spectrum. Persson writes:
Most libraries find themselves in a state of motion transporting them from the traditional to the modern….Evolution is not constant or equally fast in all spheres. It is not unusual to see organisational changes adapt libraries to the modern model, whilst a library's entire mentality and developmental strategies belong to those of the traditional model.
This may explain the apparent frustration expressed by some DIY-ers, where they are ready to embrace services or concepts relevant to modern libraries only to find resistance where traditional processes remain. In this case, then, where "traditional" is one point on a spectrum and "modern" is the opposite point, libraries can measure their progress against the qualities of each to determine their success by popular standards. If there are points where they still harbor traditional models, those points are brought into sharp relief by the comparison.
In the end, the common usage of the term "traditional library" is inseparable from its association with print collections and physical spaces. Even Michael Gorman (2000) admits, "I use the word 'traditional' with great reluctance and simply for want of anything better–its pejorative overtones of clinging to the past, of being place-centered and exclusively book-centered, bear no relationship to the experience of modern libraries." The traditional library is a physical library: a building constructed first and foremost to house print collections; people are secondary. This characterization of the traditional library has become a touchstone against which librarians at every point in our ongoing journey into electronic media can evaluate, assess, and use to reassure themselves that they are, indeed, moving the field forward into the future. As David Lankes (2011) observes, "[t]housands of years of tradition serve as inspiration for our future, not as a set of shackles binding us" (1).
The Traditional Librarian
While this article is primarily concerned with representations of the library as institution, it can be difficult to separate portrayals of the "traditional library" from those of the "traditional librarian." The rhetoric shifts easily between the two, as the place and the people who created it are tied closely together. If the traditional library emphasizes collections over people, the traditional librarian must, by definition, be book-oriented. If the traditional library prioritizes the preservation of print materials, the traditional librarian must be a gatekeeper. Discussion of one leads to discussion of the other. For instance, Kirker begins her recent blog post by challenging the "traditional library" concept, but then goes on to comment, "if an outsider was looking in, it's my opinion that they'd hear the word 'traditional' and apply the age-old stereotype of The Music Man's Marian the Librarian." While the traditional library rhetoric revolves around physical spaces and print collections, the traditional librarian concept is a culturally recognized image: bun, glasses, and all.
Rhetorically speaking, the term "traditional librarian" is not commonly used, but may be replaced with the "librarian stereotype," which is frequent in the literature. From studies of Hollywood characterizations of the profession (Walker & Lawson, 1993) to Pinterest boards collecting images depicting librarians (for instance, the "Librarian stereotypes" board by Peter Alsbjers Blogg and Ruth Kneale), the librarian stereotype is a concept both prevalent and provocative that inspires extensive debate and commentary. In fact, it is so widely used that it has inspired substantial rhetorical study already (Lutz, 2005; Stoddart & Lee, 2005; Carmichael, J.V., 1992) that need not be replicated here.
So What?
Regardless of whether we agree with the usage of any particular term, rhetoric has meaning and impact. At its essence, "rhetoric [is] a form of communication that uses particular symbolic expressions to persuade a targeted audience" (Lansford, 2011, 1478). While Farkas and Gorman both object to the rhetorical concept of the "traditional library" as it is commonly used, and the fact that it is a term frequently employed to signal the end of a particular era, they overlook the intrinsic, symbolic value of the term. It is political and innovative, providing a platform for those seeking new ways to embrace change.
If we define it rhetorically as an institution focused on physical spaces and materials, then there remains no question: the traditional library is dead. That doesn't mean libraries as an institution are dead, nor does it mean that the physical library as a component of some larger organization is dead. The traditional library has been replaced with an expanded vision of itself, one that encompasses traditional values and features but extends outward to include the vastness of free and licensed digital resources as well as spaces and services that are entirely people-focused. The contemporary library, in contrast to the traditional library, resides online, teaches, reaches out and asserts its value across its community.
Gorman (2000) writes, "my idea of a 'traditional library' is one that selects, collects, and gives access to all the forms of recorded knowledge and information that are relevant to its mission and to the needs of the community it serves, and assists and instructs in the use of those resources." Though unable to alter the common usage of "traditional," Gorman reminds readers of the root functions of any library, regardless of platform or format. Lankes takes this one step further, noting that librarianship "is not about cataloging, or books, or buildings, or committees–it is about learning, knowledge, and social action" (1). Those who object to the rhetoric of tradition point to the long history of libraries and their constant adaptation to new directions in culture and technology.
Language is always a moving target, and the rhetoric employed at any single point in time serves as little more than reference point against which to compare the past and the future. The concepts of "traditional" and "modern" will always be relative to the present and, as such, have ever-evolving definitions. Yet flawed as these terms are, they still serve a purpose in informing the field, inspiring comparison, and inciting continuous improvement; in short, rhetoric inspires change, and change is how we survive.
What do you think? Do you find "the traditional library" to be a useful concept, or is it more damaging than it is valuable? You're invited to continue the debate in the comments below.
Many thanks go to Julie Jergens of Hi Miss Julie as well as several Lead Pipe editors — Brett, Ellie, Emily, and Erin — for their thoughtful feedback that helped to shape and improve this article.
Carmichael, J. V., Jr. (1992). The Male librarian and the feminine image: A Survey of stereotype, status, and gender perceptions. Library and Information Science Research 14, 411-46. Retrieved from http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/J_Carmichael_Male_1992.pdf.
Digital library [Wiki page]. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://liswiki.org/wiki/Digital_library#A_shift_from_traditional_library_to_virtual_library.
Dorney, E., Ford, E., Leeder, K., & Vandegrift, M. (2013, April 3). Editorial: DIY library culture and the academy. In the Library with the Lead Pipe.
Farkas, M. (2013, April 24). DIY vs. startup. or false dichotomies and labels [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://meredith.wolfwater.com/wordpress/2013/04/24/diy-vs-startup-or-false-dichotomies-and-labels/.
Gorman, M. (2000). Our enduring values: Librarianship in the 21st century. Chicago: American Library Association.
Hawkins, D.T. (2012, November 10). Hyde Park corner debate: The Traditional research library is dead [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.against-the-grain.com/2012/11/hyde-park-corner-debate-the-traditional-research-library-is-dead/.
King, D. (2007, August 1). Am I a 2.0 librarian and the library 2.0 spectrum [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.davidleeking.com/2007/08/01/am-i-a-20-librarian-and-the-library-20-spectrum/#.UaYunJz3XRY.
Kirker, M. (2013, May 6). Tradition and the rhetoric of the modern library [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://maoriakirker.wordpress.com/2013/05/06/tradition-and-rhetoric/.
Kresh, D., Ed. (2007). The Whole digital library handbook. Chicago: American Library Association.
Lacy, D. (1969). The Traditional library. The Library Quarterly, 39(1), 13-22.
Lansford, T. (2011). Rhetoric. In G.T. Kurian, (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of political science, v. 5, (p. 1478). Washington, DC: CQ Press.
Lankes, D. (2011). The Atlas of new librarianship. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Latimer, K., & Niegaard, H. (2008). IFLA library building guidelines: Developments & reflections. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Lutz, C. (2005). From old maids to action heroes: Librarians and the meanings of librarian stereotypes. (Unpublished Master's thesis). University of Maryland, College Park, MD. Retrieved from http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/2670.
Mathews, B. (2013, April 14). DIY vs. STARTUP: Choose your flavor of change [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/blognetwork/theubiquitouslibrarian/2013/04/14/diy-vs-startup-choose-your-flavor-of-change/.
Ogunsola, L.A. (2011). The Next step in librarianship: Is the traditional library dead? Library Philosophy and Practice. Paper 606.
Persson, R. (2003). Traditional and modern in the library world. Scandinavian library quarterly, 36(1). Retrieved from http://slq.nu/?article=traditional-and-modern-in-the-library-world.
Reddy, R., Ager, T., Chellappa, R, Croft, W.B., Davis-Brown, B., Mendel, J.M., & Shamos, M.I. (1999). WTEC panel report on digital information organization in Japan. Baltimore: International Technology Research Institute. Retrieved from http://euro.ecom.cmu.edu/people/faculty/mshamos/1999DigitalJapan.pdf.
Stoddart, R.A., & Lee, A.R. (2005). Paradoxical views of "librarian" in the rhetoric of library science literature: A Fantasy theme analysis. Georgia Library Quarterly, 41(4), 5-10. Retrieved from http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1006&context=lib_facpubs.
Walker, S., & Lawson, V.L. (1993). The Librarian stereotype and the movies. MC Journal: The Journal of Academic Media Librarianship, 1(1), 16-28.
What is the difference between traditional library and modern/digital library? [Website]. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.ask.com/answers/175814981/what-is-the-difference-between-traditional-library-and-modern-digital-library.


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Children's Health
New Youth Baseball Safety Recommendations
Feb. 28, 2012 -- As spring training begins, little leaguers should take a lesson from the pros and take care to avoid common baseball injuries.
New safety guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics call for youth baseball coaches and parents to be aware of the potential for overuse and traumatic injuries among young baseball players and take steps to avoid them.
According to the Consumer Product Safety Commission, nearly 110,000 baseball and softball-related injuries were treated in U.S. emergency rooms nationwide in 2007 among children ages 5 to 14. Children between the ages of 11 and 14 account for the biggest proportion of injuries annually.
Although youth baseball is one of the safest high school sports, with a low rate of injury compared to other sports, researchers say the severity of baseball-related injuries is relatively high. For example, broken bones or fractures account for a much larger percentage of total baseball injuries than in other sports.
In addition, baseball is one of the most popular youth sports in the U.S., with more than 8.6 million children ages 6 to 17 playing each year in organized and recreational baseball.
Baseball Overuse Injuries
Overuse injuries like "little league elbow" and "little league shoulder" are a growing concern in youth baseball, especially among pitchers. The repetitive stress of throwing can lead to overuse ligament damage.
To prevent throwing injuries, pediatricians recommend instructing children on proper throwing mechanics, training, and conditioning. They also encourage young athletes to stop playing and seek medical attention when signs of overuse injuries emerge.
"Not everyone may know exactly when an athlete begins to show signs of overuse," says Stephen Rice, MD, co-author of the recommendations, in a news release. "But it is important to know to never pitch when one's arm is tired or sore. Athletes must respect the limits imposed on throwing, including pitch counts and rest periods."
Researchers say young pitchers should also avoid pitching on multiple teams with overlapping seasons or pitching more than eight months in any 12-month period.
Steps to Keep Baseball Players Safe
"Baseball is America's pastime," says researcher Joseph Congeni, MD, in the release. "In order to minimize the risk of injury and maximize enjoyment of the game, coaches, parents, and youth baseball and softball players should be familiar with 'an ounce of prevention' guidelines."


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Internet safety begins with securing your home/business computer
Enjoy the internet safely
To report an internet crime file a complaint with the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center at www.IC3.gov
Internet Safety for Children
Never tell anyone your home address, telephone number or school name without asking a parent, and never share personal information publicly online (like in a chat room or newsgroup/message board post).
To learn more about Internet safety and children:
If you have any questions concerning crime prevention topics please contact your community coordinator.
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"I have been listening to you on EWTN for about one year now. I left the Catholic Church 42 years ago and have been attending Protestant churches. After many struggles during this last year, I finally went to confession on Sunday. Thank you all so much for helping me on my journey home."
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"Enough, gentlemen, my last word is this: the guillotine seems set up for good. Take me there. An oath against my conscience you will never get from me."
~ Sister Eugenie, Saint, of the Daughters of Wisdom; to the Revolutionary Committee of La Rochelle, during the murderous Reign of Terror in France.


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The credentials of Registered Dietitian are earned through successful completion of academic and supervised practice requirements and a computer-based, variable length examination. Forty-six states have enacted legislation regulating the practice of dietetics. This legislation is separate and distinct from registration or certification by the Commission on Dietetic Registration. For more information on certification and licensure visit the CDR website at http://www.cdrnet.org/