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A Reply to Joseph Bottum's Conservative Critics
As most readers of this blog will have noticed by now, Joseph Bottum's Commonweal essay on Catholics and same-sex marriage has provoked a good deal of criticism in the blogosphere. (Those who haven't noticed can see a few of the many reactions to Bottum's piece here, here, here, here, here, and, last and least, here.) Bottum doesn't need Commonweal—or me—to fight his battles for him; he is quite capable of defending himself, and has already done so (with more magnanimity, I might add, than many of his Catholic critics have displayed).
Nonetheless, I'd like to respond here to two of his more articulate critics, Robert Royal and Phil Lawler, because they are fairly representative of the response to Bottum's essay among conservative Catholics, and because they have both offered substantial responses and not just off-the-cuff reactions. Royal's reply is intelligent and sharply written. Lawler's is sober, honest, and not saturated with personal contempt. Both, however, fail to acknowledge plainly what the logic of their own position seems to require.
Royal and Lawler agree with Bottum that contraception and divorce are, like same-sex marriage, at odds with the Catholic Church's conception of marriage. And both Royal and Lawler fault Bottum for concluding that Catholics can and should give up their public opposition to same-sex civil marriage and instead direct their attention to other projects that are either more important or at least less likely to fail. Royal calls Bottum's conclusion "preemptive surrender." Lawler suggests it amounts to cowardice.
This raises an obvious question for both of them: Do they believe that the Catholic Church's honor requires American Catholics to wage a politcal campaign to get contraceptives and divorce outlawed? And if not, why not? Someone might answer, "Prudence." Someone might, but not, I think, either Royal or Lawler. Each of them has implied, perhaps unwittingly, that prudence is irrelevant.
Royal admits that opponents of same-sex civil marriage appear to many—including many of the opponents themselves—to be on the losing side of this battle. But he answers this common perception with a bit of history:
In 1976, Henry Kissinger, "the smartest man in the world," told Admiral Elmo Zumwalt: "The day of the United States is past and today is the day of the Soviet Union. My job as Secretary of State is to negotiate the most acceptable second-best position available." The Soviets had only thirteen years left.
The gay surge in the West may seem much less likely to be reversed. There are days we all feel that way. And it may be so. But there's only one way to find out. And it's not pre-emptive surrender.
There you have it. According to Royal, it is idle to predict the future, and therefore prudence is irrelevant to politics because prudence requires, among other things, a consideration of the likelihood of success. We must fight the good fight and let the chips fall where they may. There is no such thing as a lost cause and to suggest otherwise is to prove oneself faint of heart. Sure, same-sex marriage is already recognized in thirteen states and all the political momentum appears to be on its side, but in a democracy bad laws can always be changed if enough of the public can be convinced of their badness.
In that case, why not try to change laws that allow divorce and the sale of contraceptives? After all, the church still teaches that artificial contraception is intrinsically evil, and the idea that a marriage can simply be dissolved is no more reconcilable with the church's traditional understanding of marriage than the idea that a man can marry another man. Furthermore, the church teaches that the truth about contraception and divorce, like the truth about homosexuality and same-sex marriage, is a matter of natural law, not special revelation. Which means that, in theory at least, none of these teachings is better suited than the others to public reason. But aren't contraceptives and divorce a lost cause? If Royal is right, there is no such thing. We can't know what's possible until we try, and it's pointless to guess. What turned out to be impossible yesterday may be possible today; in the ongoing experiment of democracy, hope springs eternal. So if it is obvious that Bottum has capitulated to a decadent secular culture by advising Catholics to stop fighting against same-sex civil marriage—if his position cannot be defended as a prudential argument—then it is just as obvious that the bishops and almost all Catholics in this country have capitulated to the same decadent culture by declining to insist with as much vehemence as possible that the state forbid no-fault divorce and the sale of contraceptives.
To his credit, Lawler seems to have anticipated this point, but it isn't clear that he appreciates all its implications. He writes:
What should Catholics do, then, if the intellectual argument has been lost and public opinion is trending strongly toward acceptance of same-sex marriage? We should—we must—do more, in word and deed, to to educate our neighbors about the true meaning of marriage. That will entail re-opening the debates on contraception and divorce.... The weakest aspect of Bottum's argument—as he acknowledged in a radio interview with Al Kresta—is his quick dismissal of arguments based on natural law. Bottum writes that these arguments have not proven persuasive. He should say that they have not persuaded the public yet.
"That will entail re-opening the debates on contraception and divorce." Which debates, exactly—debates about whether contraception and divorce are immoral, or debates about whether they should be legal in the United States? If Lawler thinks they should be illegal, he should say so outright. And once he does that, I think he will quickly find that he has alienated the greater part of the remaining opposition to same-sex marriage. But perhaps that, too, is what courage requires. The public has not been persuaded yet that every law in this country ought to be determined by the church's moral teaching, but give it time, Lawler pleads. They are bound to come around once they see the social devastation wrought by the "culture of hedonism."
That raises another question: Does Lawler imagine that most Americans will change their minds about the legality of same-sex marriage, divorce, and contraception—and, more generally, about the wisdom of allowing Catholic doctrine to determine the country's laws about sex and marriage—before they change their minds about some other, more basic things? Before they become Catholic? If so, he should tell us why. (Imprudence is one thing, delusion another.) And if not, then Lawler agrees with Bottum after all, however much he protests against the term "re-enchantment.'
These responses to Bottum's article exemplify two related tendencies that have become alarmingly common in recent years among conservative Catholics: the tendency to think of civil law and democratic politics as nothing more than a footnote to Catholic moral theology, and the tendency to assume that all people of good will are bound to accept the church's conclusions about public policy even if they don't accept the church's premises.
It is obvious why many conservative Protestants who oppose state recognition of same-sex civil marriage do not also campaign to ban contraceptives and divorce. But what about conservative Catholics? There are no doubt many plausible explanations. Same-sex civil marriage, unlike divorce or contraception, is a new phenomenon; until very recently few had even considered the idea; until even more recently, no one considered opposition to it a lost cause.
But let me offer one more explanation. Probably most conservative Catholics in this country have friends who are divorced or who use artificial contraception. Some of those friends are Catholic, some aren't; some are probably conservative Protestants. By contrast, outside of a few urban areas in this country, most conservative Catholics are able to avoid openly gay people if they wish to, so that gay people remain for them mostly an abstraction. No doubt they've met a few and tried to be polite, but they don't have to worry much about offending a lot of close friends by publicly opposing civil marriage for same-sex couples. That may not be true for long. I don't say that such Catholics are all bigots, but I do think many of them find it easier to love the sinner more than they hate the sin when the sinner is straight.
In any case, the time has passed when there were enough bigots to combine with those who have honorable natural-law arguments against same-sex marriage to form a politically effective majority. Some Catholics may still yearn for a smaller, purer church; but, on this issue at least, a purer social conservatism will be too small to call the shots in this democratic country. Those who oppose same-sex civil marriage for any reason worthy of respectful consideration must "learn to be a minority," and that begins with accepting that they are one.
About the Author
Matthew Boudway is an associate editor of Commonweal.
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Why stop at divorce and contraception? Why not criminalize all sexual activity outside of marriage? Mr Bottum's critics strike me as cowards. Unwilling to prudentially split up the culturewar alliance between absolute moralists and closet ditherers on sex.
The natural law arguments seem more like Aquinas's arguments of fittingness rather than proofs from observation of Creation. Those who already agree with the conclusion find it persuasive that this is how things should be, but those who do not already agree are almost always unpersuaded. The proponents of these arguments seem to understand this because they tend to cite the authority of these arguments rather than trying to use them to persuade the unconvinced.
On an unrelated thought, I'm a bit disturbed by the number of Catholics who do not seem comfortable with any division between the legal and moral spheres. They seem to think that all that is immoral must be illegal. The practical issues of enforcement are ignored along with the implilcations of living in a secular, pluralistic society (would they like their standards of involving church and state if applied by Evangelicals or Muslims?).
What about the sins of apostasy, heresy, schism, religious infidelity, and blasphemy?
I would think that the church wouldn't wish to impose a law on a civil society in which there is a consensus that the law is unjust, particularly if the society is pluralistic. There are considerations of religious freedom that come into play. In the cases of contraception and divorce, American society seems to have reached a consensus of broad tolerance.
Arguably, that hasn't happened for same sex marriage and abortion. In both cases, very large pluralities continue to oppose legalization. There is no consensus; society is divided. In the case of same sex marriage, if states are allowed to continue to decide for themselves whether or not to allow it, it's quite possible that universal approval won't happen in our lifetimes, as no red state has yet approved it, and many ballot initiatives have failed.
If the church is convinced that same sex marriage is wrong and that the stakes are high, I don't think it's wrong of the church to oppose it. (Cf the bishops' stand on the contraception mandate.) How strongly to oppose it is a matter of prudence. I don't think Bottum expresses a view in his essay of how high he thinks the stakes are for same sex marriage, but he seems to imply that there are more important hills on which to take a stand.
"the tendency to assume that all people of good will are bound to accept Catholic conclusions about public policy even if they don't accept Catholic premises."
What they fail to notice is that even many *Catholics* don't accept or live by those premises either. Instead of trying to figure out how they can convince a whole country of people to believe what only a tiny minority of the population believes, they would do better to take a second look at the beliefs themselves. I read a quote from Oliver Cromwell the other day that I wish these guys would consider ... "I beseech you, in the bowels of Christ, think it possible that you may be mistaken."
Here's a similar argument from the Australian Jesuit site, Eureka Street, by Frank Brennan SJ, ... "It's rime to recognise secular same sex marriage" ... http://www.eurekastreet.com.au/article.aspx?aeid=36778#.UiFep7yf_wg
Matthew, it seems to me your remarks do reason and compassion proud. And that is one of the many aspects of Catholicism I find most compelling. At its best so much of its notions seem to confirm as reality there is no useful reason without compassion or useful compassion without reason.
I fully agree with Crystal's quote. It seems to me altogether obvious the implied outcome of the two fellows on the crosses beside Christ fully support its wisdom.
For the bishops to admit that they might be wrong, it would be necessary to convince them that their theological epistemology is flawed. That is, they would have to be convinced that bishops and popes may not ignore the experience and beliefs of the faithful. At this time they don't *really* believe that the sensus fidelis can reveals true belief, nor do they believe that it is possible for them and for the popes to be mistaken.
It's hard to take the conservative elements of the church seriously on issues like contraception, given that 99% of Catholics use it, given that that most of those at V2 and those on the Pontifical Commission on Birth Control were for it, given the level of dissent from theologians and bishops after Humanae Vitae, and given the practical fact that contraception saves lives. To refuse to consider they might be wrong is just strange.
The logic of this article seems very crude. Since divorce, contraception and same sex marriage are all doing grave damage to our society, Catholics should spend exactly the same amount of effort against all three? But why? We are perfectly free to make prudential judgments about what poses the greatest danged at this particular moment in history, and adapt out actions accordingly.
I am waiting to hear from Mr. Boudway what we should do at the specifically polical level, to make sure as many children as possible grow up with two parents, including both a father and a mother. Otherwise, I will have to assume that he just expects us to go with the "liberal" flow of mainstream secular culture, which (in my peronal observation) massively failing our young people..
Yes, Christianity is kind of strange, is it not? We belive that Jesus lives in His Church and leads it through the apostolic succession. It is quite weird, if you think of it. It is also very rewarding for those who accept it.
Matthew, one of your best posts. Happy that you point out the hypocrisy of attitudes toward divorce and contraception. Especially with contraception, even priests and bishops accept it as morally right, even though they will not say so publically. Benedict XVI, as Cardinal. referred to the issue of contraception as one that should be handled in the "internal forum" (confession). Which means that the church should give absolution but just don't talk about it publically. This is really hypocritical. But when your argument is shallow you can always seek refuge in authority.
At any rate it is still inexplicably sinful to concentrate on same sex marriage et alii, when so-called Christians supported every war and so many people are being murdered every day throughout the world. The priority of Jesus of bringing the Gospel to the poor is on the back burner while so much time is spent on issues that generate heat but no light.
The point of not knowing Same Sex couple is a very good one. While homosexuals run the gamut of bad and good, like heteros, those of us who know such couples are impressed with the generosity and goodness of so many.
It's generally a good starting point to assume, if possible, that a person's beliefs are sincerely held. But now and then I catch myself wondering whether today's bishops, if they were starting from scratch, would reach the same conclusions on contentious issues like the "unnaturalness" of contraception and the "disorderedness" of homosexuality. They are boxed in by the pronouncements of their predecessors. Any deviation or rethinking would call into question the whole structure of divinely appointed authority by which they claim to govern the Church. And thus certainty becomes a virtue.
It may be a present comfort for certain kinds of minds to have a matter settled forever, but it makes too little allowance for the way that the world throws up new situations and perceptions and for the way that we ourselves have extended our understanding of it. Clinging obsessively to the norms of the past is as much a fetish as foolish future worship, and would make Young Earthers of us all. We are at our best when we take our days as they come, neither ignoring the lessons of experience nor taking them to be final.
Jim P - excellent point. Following this line of thinking, Lawler et alii reject religious liberity unless it is narrowly understood as protecting catholics only - which is not what VII approved. Unfortunately, as John Courtney Murray stated often, it will take the church generations to completely understand what VII said and did.
Finally, only one commenter has addressed the concept of natural law....historically, the church has used *natural law* to support many positions that today we find abhorrent e.g. slavery, racism, gender bias, monarchy, etc.
Natural Law is a good moral concept - but, like all concepts, it must develop and change. This is one of the fallacies of Lawler et alii.
And I always have liked the simple question - okay, if you make abortion illegal because it is murder, will you put to death those who have abortions?
How does lawler reject religious liberty?
Better question, Carlo. How does contraception do great damage to society?
Letting down a new generation of young gay folk who think marriage is a natural and loving way to live. Perpetuating clerical self-torture and taking it out on more victims of the millennial homophobic deviation.
It seems more and more that what the leaders of the church preach, and especially what they push for in the public square, is at odds with what actual Catholics do and believe .... "What do believers believe? (Not what you might expect)" ... http://kenanmalik.wordpress.com/2013/08/11/what-do-believers-believe-not...
So when we talk about those who disagree with Bottum's essay, we're talking about a minority report.
Carlo Lancelloti, yes, Christianity is kinda strange because is makes so much of love. In this debate the Christianity is on the side of the lovers, not the haters and the frustrated blockers.
"Love one another" "Love covers a multitude of sins" "Love never fails" -- what a charter! and at last gay folk have found the courage to claim it as their own.
The basic point of Matthew's post is worthy of mention (though easily answered), but other parts reveal a "disordered" hermeneutics, for example:
I don't say that such Catholics [conservatives who live outside of all but a few urban areas] are all bigots, but I do think many of them find it easier to love the sinner more than they hate the sin when the sinner is straight.
Let me guess: Some of your best friends are even conservative Catholics.
Responses to the basic point:
- The Church does not teach that the pill is inherently disordered, nor even immoral, in and of itself;
- Allowing the sale of contraceptives is not celebrating, nor even privileging, their use;
- The Church does not teach that it is wrong for a wife to leave a husband who physically abuses her. She teaches, rather, that the wife is still married to the husband;
- And so forth and so on.
ISTM that while a big part of the argument between Joseph Bottum and his critics is indeed philosphical, an almost equally big part is a simple question of timing: When do you throw in the towel? Some folks temperamentally would rather go down in glorious flames than live to fight another day, and I don't think anyone can prove the validity or invalidity of that position logically.
That said, I would find it much easier to climb into the bunker now if there had been more than a muffled moan when we flat-out declared an aggressive war against Iraq on the principle of preemptive action. It was a really sad show for American Catholics when all we could point to was that, well, the Vatican envoy said the president shouldn't do it. Oh, how we and our spiritual leaders covered ourselves with glory on that one.
I guess when you live in a big military power with a mandate from God to punish the evil doers, you just throw in the towel early on mass destruction. Then having swallowed the camel of war, you strain out the gnats of same-sex marriage. Because some intrinsic immoralities are more immoral than others?
This post reminds me of older policy arguments. Advocates for the legalization of drugs also label their opponents as hypocrites. After all, alcohol causes untold damage, far greater than marijuana. If the drug opponents were really concerned about damage to young lives they should concentrate on reducing alcohol consumption. The fact that they don't wholeheartedly do this, the argument goes, shows that they are hypocrites, or worse, bigots. And young people overwhelmingly favor the legalization of drugs, so the battle has already been lost and everyone should get on the right side of history and stop the hypocrisy.
IMHO, on the other hand, to attack those focused on lesser problems when greater problems exist is a recipe for inaction - for any problem it's always possible to point to a still greater problem. And then we're off on a search for the proverbial "root cause." And "radicals" will claim that nothing really changes unless the root cause is addressed - which never happens to their satisfaction.
And we should notice what is lost or ignored in the rush to condemn same-sex unions. VII taught that marriage has two, non-hierarchial ends: procreation and the loving life-union of spouses. JPII strove mightily to convince Catholics that, contrary to VII, we can establish procreative capacity as gnomonic of union--if it's not hetero, it's not unitive. He essentially re-instituted the "procreation-first" model of marraige that VII rejected. And so like-minded epistemological contortionists on the Catholic right work mightily to insist that marriage has social importance only as a context for procreation.
As the Wilson sisters sing so memorably, "What about love?" Why has the Catholic right so ignored what should be the FIRST principle for Christians? And the Catholic middle-ground seems able only to go so far as to make excuses for same-sex marriage, along the lines of "well, it's evil and pernicious, but I guess we can't effectively oppose it in the civil realm." Nonsense! Even the political right is beginning to claim--as Andrew Sullivan has for decades--that loving, responsible life-union is good for people, contributes to the common good, and (for the religious among them,) can speak grace in the lives of partners and society.
Why is love ignored as a true end of marriage?
Second: the insistence on the right to make marriage principally procreative effectively ignores the distinctive rewards, challenges, demands, virtues, etc. of parenting. We have failed to develop a substantive theology of parenting by subsuming it into marriage. But ask around--isn't parenting morally different than marriage? For most people, they are connected concepts, but they are not the same. We owe parents and children better.
Conservative Catholic opponents of civil recognition of same-sex relationships tend to operate under a fundamental handicap: they have never allowed this reality to emerge in their minds as a question. It is, rather, a thesis, for which they marshall conceptual arguments. Without real questions, insights never occur. Such opponents can manifest great agility in rearranging concepts, but without achieving any real understanding.
Many who stand opposite them have grappled with such questions. Many, indeed, have changed their minds as the result of such grappling. They may, in large measure, be less agile in rearranging concepts in theoretical coherence, and yet may very well understand in a way that opponents do not.
Natural law is a method for the emergence of understanding, and, as such, is dependent on the real occurrence of actual questions. Without the occurrence of such questions, it tends toward ideology, and is about that convincing.
Thank you for the reminder of the militarist accomodation that characterizes a remarkably wide spectrum of American Catholics. But, really, once you have rendered unto Caesar the right -- because the wherewithal -- to determinie whether human history continues or ends, why on earth, as in heaven, would you quibble about anything else?
Sorry, I guess I stunk up your garden party early today. My bad ... Another example of those of us who are massively failing our young people.
I'll try not to mention in the future that the "kings" have no clothes.
Thanks so much for this post. It is a very thoughtful response to Bottum's chief critics and it gives a further explanation of his core point. Very good.
Sure. Those too. But I was thinking more of the sins connected with same-sex unions, supposedly.
That's easy: by encouraging people to have sex with people they don't really love and by facilitating promiscuity. Also: by making it much easier for men to sexually exploit women without suffering any consequences.
Ah, sure. Love and you cannot go wrong. However, to truly love somebody you have to love his/her infinite destiny, nothing less. In fact, all of the Churches teachings are precisely about this question: what does it truly mean to love a human being.
Carlo --
Have you really never known a gay couple that truly love each other? My question assumes that loving couples give signs which are evidence of genuine love, like never criticizing each other publicly, showing great consideration for each others feelings, showing better understanding the loved one much better than others do, supporting the other through thick and thin even at great personal cost, etc., etc.
If one sees the same loving qualities in gay couples as one sees in loving straight ones, I don' see how you can possibly deny that the gay ones also truly love each other. But, again, maybe you've never known a loving gay couple.
Really entertaining. Why? Sure, the Church can change anything, i.e., any regulation or law but there must be a reason for it. in the matter of ex Bible (Ex. Rom 1:21 is very unanimous). In other matters Paul writes how Aristotle logic led him for a right solution what to do with pagan sacrifices. If one legalizes somethig sinfull why do not legalize any sinful and cirminal activity, ex. stealing ( a minority would be happy!)? HUmanae Vitae of Paul vi was issued to clarify the case of contaception because Bible itself did not comment on it in a straight way. Here, we have the case of saint Charles Lwanga and Companions, JUne 3 martyred also for being against homosexual acts! Now we have ...pastors for legalizing it in all denominations- not fullfilling the Apocalipse 21:22 with no need any more a TEmple (and pastors)?
ps. Fr. professor, Andre Guindon, O.M.I, St.Paul's University, Ottawa, Canada started the process in 80's, in The Sexual Creators (not creatures!). L'oservatore Romano, Feb 5,1992 is the reaction of Vatican. He....died. His arguments "pro" are just heve been repeated again.
A nice show of world madness now
The story of Charles Lwanga and the Ugandan Martyrs is about rape, pedophilia, tyranny and abuse. It has absolutely nothing to do with being "against homosexual acts." Had the group of martyrs been girls or the tryant a woman, the evil suffered by these martyrs would be the same.
It is worth recalling that homophobia, according to best opinion, is a sign of mental ill-health. Hard to offer therapy on comboxes.
I know siblings and friends who exhibit
signs which are evidence of genuine love, like never criticizing each other publicly, showing great consideration for each others feelings, showing better understanding the loved one much better than others do, supporting the other through thick and thin even at great personal cost, etc. etc.
That really has no bearing on whether they should have sex with each other or be 'married'
I think Matthew's post fails to consider that society's acceptance of divorce, contraception and 'gay marriage' are at very different points in their life cycle.
Bruce --
I wasn't arguing about gay marriage. I was arguing about the opinion of some people that gay couples don't truly love each other in any depth, that their love is somehow not genuine. I wasn't arguing pro incest or premarital sex, for Heaven's sake. That's in your imagination.
Why is it that certain conservatives hear praise of gays and they immediately assume that the praise is a sign that the speaker is godless left-wing radical. It really doesn't follow, and it's time you caught up with the fact.
Yes, there are plenty of gay couples who are just as loving with one another as straight couples. Every young gay and lesbian should be exposed to such couples, in order to have some idea of what is possible in love and in life. Thanks to the deep misunderstanding on this that has prevailed over the Christian centuries the vast majority of lesbians and gays have been deprived of such models and indeed deprived of their self-worth as human beings. Let's hope the tide is turning.
"Ah, sure. Love and you cannot go wrong. However, to truly love somebody you have to love his/her infinite destiny, nothing less. In fact, all of the Church's teachings are precisely about this question: what does it truly mean to love a human being".
I doubt if any lover ever told his beloved, "I love your infinite destiny".
Does Carlo believe it is possible to truly love someone to whom you are sexually attracted?
Ann and Joseph:
obviously two men can love each other, and it is possible to love someone to whom one is sexually attracted, but (unfortunately!) in most cases true love means precisely not acting on such attraction. For instance, it is very common for men to be sexually attracted to women other than their wives, but it would not be love for them to act on such desires.
Anyway, the question is how to treat another human being in a way that truly recognizes his/her full vocation as a child of God, not as a piece of meat. In that respect, sexual expression achieves the level of a fully human act only to the extent that it respects and accepts the other person in its fullness, including his biological integrity as male or female.
But are you saying that gay and lesbian couples treat one another as pieces of meat?
Or that gay men cannot appreciate the "biological integrit as male" of their partners, and likewise for lesbian women?
The charge of hypocricy isn't because people are focusing on one issue and not others. Rather, it is because people are calling Bottum a coward for deciding to stop putting his energy into an issue when they are doing that themselves with other issues of equivalent magnitude.
Why is it that certain conservatives hear praise of gays and they immediately assume that the praise is a sign that the speaker is godless left-wing radical.
You are attributing words and thoughts to me which I do not have. I simply pointed out that other loving relationships exist. It does not follow from that fact that their relationships should involve sexual activity and the same is true for gay couples. Knowing admirable gay couples does not mean gay marriage or gay sex suddenly becomes another form of human flourishing. And if love is truly wanting the best for the other, then perhaps we should not hold up gays as an ideal since its arguable that their love is 'best' for the other.
Why is it that certain conservatives hear praise of gays and they immediately assume that the praise is a sign that the speaker is godless left-wing radical.
You are attributing words and thoughts to me which I do not have. I simply pointed out that other loving relationships exist. It does not follow from that fact that their relationships should involve sexual activity and the same is true for gay couples. Knowing admirable gay couples does not mean gay marriage or gay sex suddenly becomes another form of human flourishing. And if love is truly wanting the best for the other, then perhaps we should not hold up gays as an ideal since its arguable that their love is 'best' for the other.
While is Ann is indeed adept at attributing words and thoughts to people that they do not have, the point does remain: that gay couples are just as loving as straight ones. This is a reality that the opponents of gay marriage will have to factor into their reflections.
Most gay men in the past never considered that marriage was within their range of possibilities, indeed they were brainwashed into thinking that gays were incapable of marital love and fidelity. This has now been exposed as a monstrous lie.
More or less homophobic moral theologians like Xavier Thevenot were quick to say that the couple (marriage was not mentioned in those days) is not the complete answer to the "problem of homosexuality" (to quote the title of the Vatican document on the topic); their opinion was based on a very poor amount of research and exposure. I actually urged Thevenot to see the movie "Word is out", one of the first to propose the couple to what was then a wildly promiscuous US gay culture. He answered that he knew enough about gays and didn't need to see it... As if anyone could ever know enough about gays, or about straights either...
The once celebrated Marc Oraison, in a well-meaning essay, declared that gays were incapable of friendship (and no doubt he would have added that they were incapable of marital love) -- the level of homophobic prejudgment was terrific even among those who thought they were striking a blow for gays. It would be an interesting research project to reread what the moral theologians said during the 1970s and 1980s, and especially what they did not say, restrained by clerical caution and careerism.
I think Bottums' own essay made the clearest analogy: the most important deviation from the natural law definition of marriage in secular legal terms is the facilitation of "no fault" divorce even in cases with children and without abuse. What we have is what I like to call serial monogamy, which pays lip service to the demands of monogamy without actually insisting in any way that they actually be met on the basis of any religious notion of that concept. Compared to SSM, which affects comparatively very few people, divorce completely redefines the nature of marriage, just not in terms of who is having sex, how and for what purpose. This is my general complaint with Catholic doctrine on marriage, that it comes down in essentials to viewing the parties more or less as breeding animals and then fails as a logical force when it is called upon to analyze other aspects of marriage that are obvious to most people who are actually married. The fight over SSM epitomizes that problem.
I don't think divorce should be illegal, nor do most other people including Catholic bishops, but none of that means they can't think deeply about the fractured state of marriage generally, using it as an opportunity to reconsider doctrines on marriage, instead of specifically zeroing in on this tiny minority of people and asserting without any evidence that their marriage in particular will radically weaken the foundation of a house that has in my humble opinion been pretty well trashed by the people who are already living there, even if frequently for reasons beyond their control.


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Inspired by this chat.
The iconic quotes and roles of the movie Office Space presents conflict between a programmer and his job. Translating the company "initech" into an adventuring party could make for a fun and light-hearted convention game.
My main trouble is figuring out what characters from the show would make for the most engaging party and what 4e races/classes/themes to map them to.
Which group of characters from Office Space could be made into an effective party of PCs in this adventure and what gimmicks can they be given to evoke their characterization from the movie?

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It has come to my attention that in the book "Green Eggs and Ham", the property "green" is applied to both the eggs and the ham. How can I achieve this effect (green ham) at home? I have years of green eggs + normal ham to make up for ;)
When I did this as a kid with my mom, we just put food dye (the same we put in the eggs) on the slices of ham.
As someone who has tried this though, I have to strongly recommend you don't. While it's easy to get around the fact that the eggs you're about to eat are green, ham that's green just doesn't look right. It was a struggle to eat it even though I knew it was only food coloring.
My dad wouldn't even touch it because it looked so wrong.
Disclaimer: I cannot guarantee the following will be tasty or edible...
My first thought would be a brine of some some sort. I imagine that should turn your ham green, by soaking it in a quick brine. I've heard of people brining hams, so if you do a google for that, that might be a place to start and add food coloring to it. However, like many brines/marinades, it might not soak all the way through... So I don't know if you'd pre-slice the pieces or what...
Or perhaps, even simpler you could just "paint" your ham after cooking...


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Let $G$ be a finite group and $S$ be a finite set, with $G$ acting on $S$. I consider indeterminates $x_g$ indexed by $g\in G$ and form the matrix of the group action $A\in M_{S\times S}$. Its entries are indexed by pairs $(s,t)$ of elements of $S$. By definition, $a_{st}$ is the sum of the $x_g$'s over the group elements such that $s^g=t$.
What are the irreducible factors of $\det A$ ?
Without loss of generality, we may assume that the action is transitive, because otherwise $A$ is block diagonal. Just sort out the elements of $S$ by orbits. We may also assume that the action is faithful.
This determinant has an obvious factor $\ell:=\sum_{g\in G}x_g$, because $\ell$ is the sum of the entries of every row (or of every column). What does it mean about the action that the quotient $(\det A)/\ell$ be irreducible ?
Notice that if $S=G$ and $G$ acts by multipication, this determinant is that considered by Dedekind and Frobenius, which led the latter to the theory of representations.


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Let X be a smooth projective variety over the complex numbers. Recall that a Cohen-Macaulay curve is a one-dimensional closed subscheme without embedded or isolated points (fat components are allowed).
I want to show that if you fix a curve class β in H2(X), then there is a bounded interval which contains the genus of every CM curve whose homology class is β.
Do you know of a reference for this result?
Motivation: I am trying to prove a certain class of sheaves forms a bounded family (namely, the collection of sheaves underlying stable pairs). The above result will allow me to reduce to the case where the support is a fixed CM curve, and from there, I know how to finish the proof.
I am aware that Le Potier (who built the moduli space of stable pairs, among others things, in "System Coherents et Structures de Niveau" --- pardon my lack of accents) has proven a much stronger result. However, for my purposes, it would be very helpful to have a proof (hopefully much less technically demanding than Le Potier's) that is no more general than what I need.
EDIT: in hindsight, and in light of the negative answer below, I realize that Le Potier does not claim to prove quite what I claimed he claimed.


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30 Day Free Trial to Blockbuster Total Access (DVDs, Blu-Rays, & Games) for $0 + free shipping
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17 Comments add a comment
A normal pricing product is NOT a deal. Thanks for the payment to WOOT/AMAZON though. Keep the lights on in the basement for you.
why do they keep coming back for more??
Why is this "featured"? It's crap to begin with even if it were free.
@conanthelibrarian: Evidently, in spite of the overwhelming negative voting (which I help with each time), they feel they're getting some positive exposure.
Please go away Blockbuster.
Every time this sale comes up because of the thumbnail.
Yes I know the colours are backwards but it doesn't stop from tricking me every time.
At least it isn't Netflix.
I will downvote every Blockbuster product I can find until they decide to allow their app on the android phones to not be mandatory (and then force updates upon us).
Honestly, I thought they were already out of business.
Downvoting cat downvotes...
Go easy... Blockbuster in business means no monopoly for Netflix. Competition is a good thing.
Yes, but remember Blockbuster was the company that put all the mom and pop video shops out of business. I wouldn't mind seeing Blockbuster go belly up.
@lepiane: Kind of, but "competition" isn't what it used to be. It should be about keeping prices reasonable and offering excellent service due to the presence of other options. These days it's more like having to choose the (slightly) lesser of two evils. Is Microsoft better because of Apple? Is Wal-Mart better because of Target? Is eBay better because of Amazon? Maybe so, but not in any way I as a consumer am going to notice. It seems silly to keep a failing company afloat because it buffers us against abuse from another.
I have used both the Blockbuster and Netflix disc subscriptions. I am currently a Netflix customer, streaming only. But as far as disc services are concerned, I strongly preferred the Blockbuster option. The unlimited in store exchanges is really nice if you live near a Blockbuster store. Makes it much easier to get new release, and much easier to get a specific movie on a specific day if you are having a movie night with some friends. Because of in store exchanges I watched 2-3x more movies using Blockbuster's disc service than I did with Netflix's disc service. Streaming though, Netflix blows Blockbuster @Home (Dish Network exclusive) out of the water. @Home has a terrible streaming selection, even compared to Netflix, which can itself be less than exciting at times. Honestly, at $9.99 a month I am thinking of switching to the Blockbuster through the mail service and dumping Netflix. Plus Blockbuster gives you Blu-Ray and Game access at no additional charge.
@lepiane: Redbox and Amazon are both competition for Netfilx in different departments. The real hurdle for consumers is the legal system with copyrights and patents that limit who can offer products to the public.
While I agree it's not a deal in the sense that you can't get it any other day for the same price, if you already have Dish it's pretty nice addition. I think it gave me three Epix HD channels and a few others, all of which have some nice movies on them rather frequently.
actually was excited for this deal as i want to try out a few newly released video games. i deleted my account within minutes, however, after seeing the two games (released within the past two months) weren't available until OCTOBER on blockbuster. no thanks!


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Adam Cohen
Recent and archived news articles by Adam Cohen of The New York Times.
Review: In 'Louis D. Brandeis: American Prophet,' Moral Vision and a True Believer's Zeal
Jeffrey Rosen's book is a concise exploration of this Supreme Court justice's main intellectual causes, which included a mistrust of big business.
June 16, 2016, Thursday
The Justice Dissents
William Rehnquist frequently opposed the Supreme Court's decisions.
November 18, 2012, Sunday
Genius at Work
All of the answers in this puzzle contain each of the five vowels exactly once. (The letter Y does not appear in any of the solutions.) Clues to all 30 answers are provided, but figuring out which clue goes with which answer is up to you. At the...
July 24, 2011, Sunday
Jousting Justices
SCORPIONS The Battles and Triumphs of FDR's Great Supreme Court Justices
November 7, 2010, Sunday
Jousting Justices
A group portrait of Felix Frankfurter, Robert Jackson, Hugo Black and William O. Douglas.
November 7, 2010, Sunday
Cassandra, the Ignored Prophet of Doom, Is a Woman for Our Times
We are living in an age of Cassandra, in which warnings about impending disasters are tragically ignored.
April 19, 2010, Monday
Unreality TV: If the Boss Only Knew, He Would Do Something
"Undercover Boss" is bad television, but it is a perfect show for our times with its heaping helpings of false populism.
March 20, 2010, Saturday
What's Hot on This BBC Podcast? The Siege of Munster (1534-35)
There is talk about how the Internet is driving culture ever lower, but it also makes a wealth of serious thinking available.
February 17, 2010, Wednesday
A Legal Puzzle: Can a Baby Have Three Biological Parents?
In an age when DNA technology opens the door to having three or more parents, the law should clarify the rights of surrogates and consider "fractional parenting."
January 26, 2010, Tuesday
Next-Generation 3-D Medium of 'Avatar' Underscores Its Message
The 3-D cinematography is integral to the plot of the movie "Avatar," and suggests that technology can make entertainment more humane.
December 26, 2009, Saturday
Rss Feeds On Adam Cohen
Subscribe to an RSS feed on this topic. What is RSS?


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3 Aug 2012 8:09 AM #1
Answered: Adobe Air
I have tried copying over and packaging a very simple app built in ST2 over into an Adobe Air project. The ST2 app works by itself in a browser window.
1) Use the sencha packager to deploy to a folder.
2) Setup the xml file for the for the Adobe Air project in the deploy folder.
3) Use the Adobe Air adl command line utility to launch the app.
I get "TypeError: Result of expression 't' [undefined] is not an object."
The required Air js file is referenced in the app.json file.
I have tried searching the forums and internet for a tutorial on how to do this, but I have been unable to find anything.
reference: Setting up a HelloWorld Air app
~ Jason
Adobe Air doesn't do too well with templates which is a challenge as we don't support Air and don't take it into account due to that.
4 Aug 2012 7:27 PM #2
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Adobe Air doesn't do too well with templates which is a challenge as we don't support Air and don't take it into account due to that.Mitchell Simoens @LikelyMitch
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PRAIRIE – Mary E. Smitherman Smith, 89, passed away on Friday, June 7, 2013, at her home in the Una community of Prairie. She was born April 22, 1924, in Monroe County to Bertie Barnes and Grady Smitherman. She had worked at TIL Garment Factory in Aberdeen, retiring in 1981. During World War II she […]
Tag Archives | Cantrell Cemetery
Mary E. Smith
By Floyd Ingram | 11:27 AM | June 8, 2013 | Obituaries
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- Binding: Hardcover
- Era: 20th century
- Number of Pages: 192
- Subject: Biography
- Date Available: September 2010
Clear The Decks Price*
Your tax-deductible gift to the Naval Institute Press underwrites worthy books that might not otherwise be published.
This action-packed biography focuses on a 1944 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy, who was one of only fifty Jewish midshipmen commissioned in his class during World War II. In the Pacific, Lt. Shulman's destroyer survived both a typhoon and a Japanese kamikaze aircraft attack. After leaving the U.S. Navy and returning to civilian life, he volunteered to help the Haganah, the paramilitary force of the Jewish Agency for Palestine headed by David Ben-Gurion. Shulman had been introduced to Ben-Gurion by his mother, who was an executive with Hadassah,the Women's Zionist Organization of America. Working in New York City, he helped to buy surplus warships for the Haganah's "clandestine" sealift that brought Holocaust survivors from Europe to Palestine.
In early 1948 Ben-Gurion called the 25-year-old Shulman to Israel to set up an academy to train officers and NCOs to man ships of Israel's fledgling navy, which at that point only had the refugee vessels. Beginning with almost no assets, within three months, now-Kvarnit (Commander) Shulman took the Israeli squadron into action against enemy ships, and even against one vessel fighting with Israeli forces. After Israel won its independence most of the 1,200 American and Canadian volunteers went home. Shulman, with his wife and infant son, remained in Israel, settling in Haifa, which would be their home for the next forty years. After Shulman died in 1994, a stained glass window was dedicated in his memory at the U.S. Naval Academy's new Uriah P. Levy Chapel.
Wandres' book fully documents Shulman's role in helping to launch the navy of new Israeli nation. Based on interviews and correspondence with former U.S. Navy shipmates and Machal volunteers, Israeli and American archives, and declassified secret U.S. Department of State documents, The Ablest Navigator provides a unique window into Israel's history and on one of the key Americans who helped to establish and protect the new nation.
J. Wandres is a retired U.S. Navy public affairs specialist who holds an M.S. in video production and a B.A. in English. He has written for Military Officer, Naval History. World War II History, and All Hands. He has edited two award-winning magazines and has written about the U.S. Navy's secret propaganda broadcasts to the German U-boats and the Mulberry Harbors of D-Day An associate with the Center For World War II History and Conflict Resolution, he lives in Aberdeen, NJ.
Praise for The Ablest Navigator
"J. Wandres has written a fast-paced and carefully researched study of one young American's significant contributions to Israel's War of Independence. The story of this unsung hero, Paul Shulman, is at once unique and at the same time representative of the efforts of many volunteer warriors whose exploits are largely unknown and certainly insufficiently appreciated…Black and white photos, maps, and an index add to the interest and utility of this most readable and necessary slice of Israel's history."
— Sarasota-Manatee Jewish News, August 1, 2011
"It is a special treat to learn about a 20thcentury naval hero who has, until now been little more than a footnote in history. The name Paul Shulman might not ring any bells for many naval historians, but thanks to the well-researched biography by J. Wandres, The Ablest Navigator, the name should be an inspiration not just to young naval officers, but also to young Jews.
This is a new story of naval history, and adds much to the scholarly study of not only U.S. Navy and Israeli history, but also the American Jewish experience.
Wandres has done an admirable amount of research, as evident from his detailed bibliography, endnote and glossary of modern Hebrew terms that was very useful for understanding the book."
— Naval History Book Reviews, 29 Jul 2011
The Center for World War II Studies and Conflict Resolution at Brookdale Community College, Lincroft, New Jersey, recently hosted J. Wandres to present THE ABLEST NAVIGATOR ~ click here to view.


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I'm assuming that the granulated sugar in the bag is easier to work with and won't turn into a hard block. It's also more expensive than the boxed kind. Are there any other differences, e.g. in the taste or texture after baking?
Your question seems to be conflating the question of bag vs boxed brown sugar with the question of "Brownulated" light brown sugar vs. regular light brown sugar.
Brownulated pours like white sugar, but turns into a paste when it gets damp or wet. I think it tastes funny.
Boxed vs Bag sugar is just a matter of storage and convenience. It's the same sugar.
I have a very sensitive sense of taste and smell. I think the Brownulated sugar has a slight chemical smell and taste to it but no one else in my family can smell or taste the difference. I suspect what I am picking up is some sort of chemical change that occurs during the processing. I won't be buying it again.
Brownulated sugar? Ah! "Brownulated sugar" is a registered trademark and sold in the US only.
From their (Dominos) web page:
So it must taste like ordinary light brown sugar after baking.
There is a very small amount of moisture in brown sugar, and a very small amount of acid in the molasses. I don't know what the chemistry of "brownulated" is exactly.
However, in practical recipes it makes very little difference.
If you measure by weight and not volume, it all becomes nearly moot.
Personally, I weigh all my sugar, using 7-8 oz per cup for volume based recipes. I just poke the brown sugar from its bag into the weighing bowl without trying to well pack it into a cup or anything, until the weight is approximately close to right, then bring the total sugar level up to the recipe level with white sugar.
Most home use recipes are incredibly tolerant of the tiny variation in the amount of moisture. Your personal preference can then dictate light versus dark versus white sugar, or the ratios among them. In most recipes (where the minor acid factor from the molasses on brown sugar isn't playing a factor), the only real issue is the total amount of sugar.
(For purists, yes I know 7-8 oz is a 15% variation--this is well within the tolerance for most recipes. If I think the recipe is written quite carefully, I use 7 oz which is a a better conversion; if I think the recipe is tolerant, or just for the brown sugar part, I might use 8 oz because the bags are usually a multiple of 8 oz.)
When measured in this way, regular brown sugar is just as convenient as "brownulated" would be, and I don't see any point in paying extra.


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Various divisions of The Jewish Federation of Greater Los Angeles celebrated with a slew of functions. The Federation's Ben Gurion Society held a private cocktail reception at Christie's.
The Skirball Cultural Center was the spot for the ACCESS Chanukah party, where scores of singles scored latkes and libations.
The Real Estate and Construction Division hosted a "McLaughlin Group"-style debate of industry analysts, moderated by George Smith, on the very CBS soundstage that is home (fittingly enough) to "The Price is Right." Event chair Michael Brody called the evening "a look at the state of real estate, where it's been and where's it's going. "
The ramifications of Asia's economic crisis on the United States was the topic of Laura D'Andrea Tyson's address to the Fashion Industries Division crowd at the Beverly Hilton Hotel. One of President Clinton's top economic advisors, Tyson traced the economic virus from its beginnings in Thailand and then reassured the handwringers and worrywarts in the audience that, while the country may be in for a slowdown, America should weather the storm without spiraling into deep recession.
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Where can I get some authentic Woot! lights?
My woot lights on my desk at work have finally broke. One light doesn't spin and the light barely works, the other spins but no light. I've had them since February of 2009. There hasn't been any woot lights during the woot-offs like there used to be. Where can I find some new authentic woot lights?
18 Answers answer
My woot lights have seen the same fate. One got really really loud and spins slowly, the other is fine, but they're not mint anymore for sure.
I've seen them on ebay, and get a couple of hits every now and then. http://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_trksid=p5197.m570.l1313&_nkw=woot+lights
But I'd rather get them from woot again. If they finally break all the way I'll consider buying from one of the aforementioned eBay sellers.
I have two sets that I don't use. They make too much noise as they spin around so I tried them for about 30 seconds, unplugged them and put them in the garage with the rest of my unneeded purchases.
I've also wanted woot-off lights (the yellow ones, not the red and blue ones) for some time, as I started wooting after they were last offered for sale.
Hey, @jumbowoot, would you please ask the woot buying people over there to put them up again?
I'm tempted to buy the eBay ones that @eraten helped me find
...but I'd rather buy them directly from woot, that is to say, if they feature them again. Mabs we can convince them to sell them again on the next woot-off?
Yes to the yellow ones(the real ones)! I too would rather get them from woot. If i get them from ebay it could be some knock-off.
Dear Woot,
Can we please please has woot lights in our next woot off? We promise we won't complain at any crap you sell us.......until after the woot lights has sold out!
Please has all our love and our monies,
Deals.woot community!
Knock off woot! lights.. how low will people dip..
I totally have been wanting a pair for a long time. It has been ages since I saw them in the Woot-Off though which used to be the only place to get them.
During a woot-off I have visions of woot-lights going off everywhere.
My second question ever and the first one that ever went popular was the below. Talking about what it was like at HQ during Woot-Offs
Wow, I just went through my list of purchases and found out the 2010 was the Year of the Woot! Lights. They were offered during the woot-off on 2/25, for April Fools on 4/1, offered again on 7/1, and then the woot! police lights were offered on 9/1. It's no wonder I was so many of the dang things, but I could use more of the red and blues.
I read this as you wanting to buy "Woot! Tights." I was disappointed when I clicked the link. LOL
Dear Woot!,
In a addition to Woot! lights in the next Woot-off, can we get some flush lights as well?
@mikecris: I thought you wrote flesh. It's been Monday all day here.
@jsimsace @tippypaws: Haha, Woot! Tights and Flesh Lights. Sounds like a violent ballet...
@theoneill555: 2010 was the year I tagged mine (authentic yellow.)
neolithicx: you can PM me. I will sell my set (Yellow lights, purchased on a Woot off ~2010.)
@p2002 But I need some texas air with it too!
@neolithicx: I grew up in Katy TX, I miss it too.
I have some NIB yellow lights I'd be happy to unload to some fellow wooters. PM me.


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I would like to install a By-Pass filter on my Jeep TJ (2004). Where can I put the other end of the tube going into the filter? I have included a diagram illustrating what I am looking for (where the red circle is) on the Jeep.
It's easier just to buy the filter adapter kit for $50 that way you don't have to tap a return line either.
That's what I did.
But if your cheap sometimes engines have an extra oil feed bung down on the lower part of the engine block near where the oil pump would be just above the oil pan. Don't know if your jeep has one but worth a quick snoop.


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I create many office files in MS word. If I install Ubuntu can I see my MS word files?
I'm not sure i understand your question,
If you are asking, if you can see documents made with Microsoft office in Ubuntu. the answer is yes.
Ubuntu has LibreOffice already installed for you. and you can open .doc and .docx and ALL the Microsoft office files with it.(powerpoint, excel, etc...)
You can create documents in Ubuntu with LibreOffice in the same formats too.
If you have Ubuntu 11.10 installed, click the first icon on the launcher (on the left), and then type
Yeah, MS office files such as .xls,.xlsx,.ppt,pptx,.doc,.docx are compatible with Libre Office. You can view and edit such files with Libre Office in Ubuntu.


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Narrow your search
Andrew Hoyle is joined by ex-CNET writer Nate Lanxon to take apart everything Apple launched at its monster event this week in San Francisco.
CMX won't work without standalone, DRM-free MP3s, according to CNET UK's Nate Lanxon.
Crave UK's Nate Lanxon explains how to get the best sound out of your Apple AirPort Express wireless gadgetry.
What's happening behind the scenes at the BBC to make the iPlayer TV catchup service work? CNET's Nate Lanxon sits down with the BBC's Anthony Rose to find out.
Crave's digital music expert Nate Lanxon -- no mean drummer -- gets sticks-on with Roland's full-size, £1,200 TD-9KX V-Drums electric kit
At CES 2007, we take a look at the HP BD135 with backstage crew member Nate Lanxon. THE BD135 is a very simple plug-and-play device that reads and writes to Blu-ray discs, DVDs and CD-Rs.
This week we viciously crash a radio-controlled plane onto the streets of London, while digital-music expert Nate Lanxon tries his hand at saving the planet--as his muscle-bound alter ego, Captain Goat.
This week, we challenge digital-music expert Nate Lanxon to tell the difference between a luxurious CD-quality track and a lowly little MP3. Plus, a look back at the history of violence in video games.
Veronica Belmont and CNET TV U.K. host Nate Lanxon sit in with us today, we save the U.S. dollar by changing our national currency to the Wii, and both HD DVD and CompUSA are--at least briefly--revived from the dead.
Veronica Belmont and Nate Lanxon drop in to BOL today, and we revive the U.S. dollar by dumping it for the Wii.


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Capitol Murder (Mass Market Paperbound)
Convicted serial killer Clarence Little has escaped from death row in Oregon. A murder matching Little's M.O. is discovered in the Georgetown home of powerful Oregon United States Senator Jack Carson. And Carson, a high-ranking member of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, has disappeared.
Washington, D.C., attorney Brad Miller, the senator's legislative assistant, sends private investigator Dana Cutler to Oregon. While she is uncovering the senator's shady past, a terrorist cell is plotting to destroy a packed football stadium. What Brad and Dana discover links the escaped serial killer and the missing senator to a horrific event that could dwarf the 9/11 attacks.
About the Author
Phillip Margolin has written fifteen "New York Times" bestsellers, including his latest, "Supreme Justice". Each displays a unique, compelling insider's view of criminal behavior, which comes from his long background as a criminal defense attorney who has handled thirty murder cases. He lives in Portland, Oregon.
Praise For…
"Several plots converge in this political thriller, each driving toward the last suspenseful page. . . . CAPITOL MURDER is as frightening as any election. Grade: A"
-Cleveland Plain Dealer
"Like the preceding books in this trilogy, CAPITOL MURDER offers its readers an exciting story focused on topical events. Margolin expertly unravels each of the threads of his complicated plot only unite them again in a consistently developed conclusion."
"A killer follow-up. . . . Phillip Margolin's CAPITOL MURDER is like a cold shower—it grabs our attention and gets our adrenaline running."
-New York Journal of Books
"Margolin delivers another slam-bang political thriller. . . . A nonstop read. "
-Library Journal


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As much as dog owners love their children, they tend to share more of themselves, at least in terms of bacteria, with their canine cohorts rather than their kids.
That is just one finding of a new study led by the University of Colorado Boulder that looked at the types and transfer modes of microbes from the guts, tongues, foreheads and palms (or paws) of members of 60 American families, including canines. Identifying how such bacterial communities can be affected by environmental exposure may help scientists better understand how they can be manipulated to prevent or treat disease, say CU-Boulder Associate Professor Rob Knight and CU-Boulder doctoral student Se Jin Song, the study leaders.
Knight and his team sampled 159 people and 36 dogs. Seventeen of the 60 families had children at home ranging in age from 6 months to 18 years, 17 families had one or more dogs and no children, eight families had both children and dogs and 18 families had neither children nor dogs. Each family consisted of at least one couple between the ages of 26 and 87, and all of the children in the study were biologically related to the couples in the study.
The team swabbed various parts of the body to obtain microbial samples on the couples, children and dogs. For humans, the team looked at the tongue, forehead, right and left palm and fecal samples to detect individual microbial communities. Dogs were sampled similarly, except that fur was sampled instead of skin on the forehead and all four paws were swabbed for bacteria in the absence of canine palms.
"One of the biggest surprises was that we could detect such a strong connection between their owners and pets," said Knight, also a faculty member at CU-Boulder's BioFrontiers Institute and an Early Career Howard Hughes Medical Institute Scientist. "In fact, the microbial connection seems to be stronger between parents and family dogs than between parents and their children."
Another surprise from the study: If you want to share more of your skin bacteria with your spouse, get a dog.
A paper on the subject was published today in the new online science and biomedical journal, eLIFE, a joint initiative of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Max Planck Society and the Wellcome Trust Fund.
Read the full press release here.


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News and Events Archives
Monday, August 27, 2007
(Columbia, Mo.)- Columbia College again ranked in the top tier of America's Best Colleges by U.S.News & World Report in its annual ranking of colleges and universities.
Columbia College ranked 44th out of 69 schools in the category of "Best Universities-Master's" for the Midwest Region. This category evaluates institutions that offer a broad scope of undergraduate degrees and some master's degrees, but few, if any, doctoral programs. This is the first year the college was evaluated in this category due to recent revisions in the Carnegie Classifications.
Columbia College also ranked among the "Great Schools at a Great Price" by U.S.News & World Report for schools in its category. According to the magazine, only schools that ranked in, or near, the top half of their categories were included, under the premise that the most significant values are among colleges that are above-average academically.
"Columbia College has ranked in the top tier of America's Best Colleges by U.S.News & World Report for the past four years," said Dr. Gerald Brouder, president of Columbia College. "This year we were pleased to see that we also were ranked as one of the best values in higher education based on our high academic quality and low tuition cost, something we have known for a long time."
Brouder said although there is ongoing healthy debate about the value of the rankings, they are one tool for students and parents to assess whether a college might be a good fit. "The rankings are just one way to obtain a snapshot of a college or university," said Brouder. "The best way to evaluate a school is to visit the campus and talk to current students, professors and alumni."
Founded in 1851, Columbia College serves nearly 25,000 students each year through its Day Campus, Evening Campus, 31 Nationwide Campuses, Online Campus and Graduate Studies Program.


text:
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Goslings Dark Rum is sponsoring this awesome comedy series in the Sunset Grill! Come and get a special on a Goslings Dark and Stormy and watch some live comedy provided by Goslings with headliner Steve Soleberg! It's sure to be entertaining.
Steve Soelberg performing!
Steve Soelberg performing!
Friday, January 24, 2014 -
4:00pm to 5:30pm


text:
I guess the answer is that this unknown. Maybe this implies some "lowness" result on NP relative to BPP?
Note that it would suffice to prove $EXP \subseteq P/poly$ implies $NP = BPP$ (since the latter implies $NP = RP$).
I am pretty sure this is not known. $NP \neq RP$ does not seem to imply any circuit lower bounds for $EXP$.
Note that $EXP \subseteq P/poly$ does imply $P \neq NP$. If $EXP \subseteq P/poly$ then there is some fixed $k$ for which $TIME[2^n]$ has $n^k$-size circuits. Therefore $P \subseteq TIME[2^n]$ has $n^k$-size circuits. But $P = NP$ implies that $\Sigma_2 P = P$, and we know by Kannan's theorem that $\Sigma_2 P$ does not have $n^k$-size circuits for any fixed $k$ -- this is a contradiction. (This result is due to Meyer, cited in the famous Karp-Lipton paper.)
I would suspect that one can prove $EXP \subseteq P/poly$ implies $RP \neq NP$ or maybe $ZPP \neq NP$, but the above proof doesn't do the job. (Technically, since I believe $EXP \not\subseteq P/poly$, the negation should imply everything...)


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What are you guys using for masteries and runes? I may have to try this...
It's the same concept as Amumu; if you're getting a leash (this being help @ wolves and decent damage/smiteless blue) you start E for the damage reduction and burst, if not, then W for the sustained damage.
You'll do more damage with Q (I think, I've not worked out the numbers or anything) if you're getting a leash and you'll take less damage -> less damage taken = more ganks/farm
---------- Post added 2013-01-08 at 03:31 AM ----------
As for Runes I'd go same as Amumu; Magic Pen reds, and Move Speed quints.
Last edited by Sivalion; 2013-01-08 at 02:32 AM.
Route: Wolves -> Blue (smite) -> Wraiths -> Golems -> Red (smite) > Wraiths > Gank (lvl 4) -- standard route basically.
Boots > Kage's Lucky Pick > Spirit Stone > Upgrade boots > normal AP build I suppose. You thinking AP/AS or full-on AP?
I have no idea about the build, btw. You might need some Armor, I don't know how much of a beating he'll take. Hextech Revolver might be very good on him aswell for some sustain. You'll have to try out some things yourself.
Just wondering, how did this discussion turn from everyone agreeing on the fact that Teemo in the jungle would be a very bad idea to debating over how to build one? Oo
Well, I honestly think literally any champ can jungle now with a leash, a machete, 5 pots and enough defensive masteries, but Teemo still brings nothing to a gank as far as I can tell. Going CDR and spamming shrooms EVERYWHERE may be... a niche approach to the situation, but I'd rather just never see it happen
Last edited by Caine; 2013-01-08 at 04:38 AM.
Teemo jungle would be extremely situational, so I doubt ever viable. It wouldn't work against duelists (xin comes to mind). It wouldn't work against junglers that simply do not lose lose hp in the jungle (Vi/Nunu/...) and it's troublesome against junglers that start at red (Vi/Shaco/Shyv....).
So...nope.. I doubt this will ever work. But it might be fun once or twice when you're certain they have a jungler it could work against, like, one that will lose significant hp during the jungle and has hardly any counters or early damage to stop you (Nautilus comes to mind).
<Essence> - 13/13 mythic
6 hours per week progression
Teemo, the terror on Summoner's Rift.
Never fall asleep...
1, 2, Teemo's coming for you,
3, 4, fix your eyes on the floor,
5, 6, it's not even fiddlesticks,
7, 8, better stay up late,
9, 10, never sleep again
id like to think that even if teemo was able to shroom the shit out of the enemy jungle the enemy jungler would be smart enough to pick up an oracles, or at the very least place vision wards at his normal jungling route


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Intel® High Definition Audio Low Power Capabilities: Spec
Title: Low Power Capabilities Clarifications and Enhancements
Brief description of the functional changes:
This change of the specification will allow the power to be reduced when devices or the "codec" as a whole is not active. The challenges with the current version of the Intel® High Definition Audio Specification include:
1) Inability to put the codec into low power state as the ability to report jack presence state changes is not clearly called out and is thus not implemented in typical codecs today
2) Clarity for how to use low power states was missing, regarding the reporting of Unsolicited Responses and the ability to wake the system if in low power system states did not exist
3) Requirements on what is expected, such as no audio artifacts, and ability to go into low power states was not specified and thus most codecs did not implement sufficient capabilities for states below D0 to be used. As a result, codec low power states were typically not used (were disabled) in the past.
4) Lack of clarity on what happens to settings that have been changed across power states and resets.
This set of changes provides a clarification to controlling power at the widget level, adds a requirement to not pop or click when changing power states and also provides for an override function for nodes that support power state controls, but not the Supported Power States parameter.
This set of changes also clarifies the required operation for Jack presence detection and audio streams not coming from or going to the HD Audio link behave during power states other than fully on and during transitions.
Read the full Intel® High Definition Audio Low Power Capabilities Specification.


text:
About Us
Message from the Chair
The Civil and Environmental Engineering (CEE) Department is a dynamic program where state-of-the-art laboratories and sustainability are a primary focus. Our faculty specializes in research in the following areas:
- Transportation Engineering
- Structural Engineering
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering
- Geotechnical Engineering
The department offers undergraduate degrees in Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, as well as MS, MEng, and PhD degrees in Civil and Environmental Engineering. The undergraduate Civil Engineering program incorporates elements from transportation engineering, structural engineering, geotechnical engineering and environmental/water resources engineering.
The undergraduate Environmental Engineering degree program is focused more strictly on environmental concerns and relies on coursework within the Department as well as broad-based in the sciences: environmental science, chemistry, biology, geology, and physics.
Within the department we encourage undergraduate research and provide the opportunity for involvement in student organizations such as the American Society of Civil Engineering, Engineers Without Borders, and the Society of Women Engineers. In addition to these groups, we recognize achievement of our students through the Tau Beta Pi national engineering honor society, the Chi Epsilon Civil Engineering honor society, and an honors program within the department that recognizes high achieving students and pairs them with faculty to perform a senior research project.
The department strives for excellence in teaching, research and community service and we are committed to making your academic experience with us a success.
Chris Monsere, Ph.D, P.E.
Chair and Associate Professor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering


text:
The biblical narrative in Exodus 11 tells that all firstborn sons of Egypt died in a single night. While maybe there's no historical evidence of that, it would be interesting to know what was the estimated population in Egypt in 1446 BC, so we could deduce the number of (supposedly) killed children.
The exact population is a bit unclear. Estimates for the time period fall in between 2 and 4 million. This area of Egypt was one of the more densely populated areas in the world at that time due to the fertility of the Nile delta.
In the Biblical account, Exodus 12:30 says "for there was not a house without someone dead". Family size is also tough to nail down. Based on typical ancient family structures, we can assume that the average extended family was between 10 and 20 people rather than the lower numbers we see today. So, we can figure that the death toll was probably at least between 100K and 200K, assuming at least one death per extended family (household) with an affected population of about 3 million, give or take.
The Wikipedia's World Population Page shows that is estimated that the world population grew from 35 million in 2000 BC to 50 million in 1000 BC. This doesn't answers the question but suggests that Egypt's population could be somewhere between a million to ten million at that time.
The Book of Exodus, as near as scholars can tell, was written during the time of the Babylonian Exile (in the 6th Century BC). That means any actual real events depicted would have had to have been part of an oral tradition among the Jewish people for nearly 1,000 years. Expecting such a work to be historically factual is rather unreasonable.
During the Babylonian Exile there would have been a lot of pressure on the Jewish people to assimilate. Such a process had already destroyed the 10 northern tribes during their exile in Assyria. So you can see where a story of how they had persevered as a unified people through a similar enslavement before would have been socially useful (if not outright essential to their continued existence as a separate people).
Thus Exodus was never intended to be a modern-style work of historical event documentation. Exodus is a story about who the Jews were as a people, and what was special about their relationship to their God. Don't miss the forest for the trees.


text:
Tungsten Rings for Men Sale for $14.99 + free shipping
It's not weird if dudes wear promise rings, right? I mean like 40-year-old dudes. Does that change things?
15 Comments add a comment
I have gotten a cheaper ring from Tanga, but not a bad deal. A lot of sold out varieties already but the good news is that the shipping looks like it is free (which is usually denoted by a +free shipping on the front page).
$15 for a LOTR ring? I might be in just to have one finally.
@andrasko15: Not only that, but the LotR ring is GORGEOUS. I got one the last time they had this sale featured on Woot!, and it is still in perfect condition and makes me happily geek out every time I see it.
those lotr tungsten rings are regularly sold on ebay for less than $10 (including shipping), which is in fact how i got my own. not impressed.
Got one of both styles, my preciouseseseses!
@jethroop369: Added.
@jethroop369: Only one item is showing as "Sold out". Everything else is in stock.
I went ahead and bought one, since I have wanted one since they were posted the last time.
I do wish the gold ring had the script in red/orange instead of black, but it still looks pretty cool. I was glad they still had some ladies sizes available.
Think the bride-to-be will let me use the black one as a wedding band? I have to at least try...in for one!
@fredwallace18: Worth a shot! :)
@fredwallace18: If you get a matched set (Say one Gold, one Black) how can she say no? ;)
@fredwallace18: I got away with it, so my advice is to properly present the concept. If she's extra-religious, it helps if you don't mention the whole binding in the darkness bit until after it's too late. :)
Was hoping to find a replacement ring as my tungsten wedding band no longer fits but unfortunately of the designs I like there is nothing in my size.
@birdie85: These rings are usually made by laser etching the plating off to reveal the base metal, so with a tungsten band it's always going to be this dark grey, but it looks very similar to my gold over silver one from WB. I have a TiCN plate over stainless one on the way from Meritline, who were selling these a week or so ago for $6, that also looks similar.
Bought a few rings from Tanga in the past,very good deal BUT pray you don't have to deal with "customer service" it has to be the worst sale a day site I've ever delt with. Plan on about a week just to have them get back to you if at all. Forget the phone number,thay don't answer it anyway. No complaint on their products but be aware of hellish CS.


text:
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text:
GENESEO, N.Y. - As Hurricane Isaac pounds the Gulf Coast and moves northward, the college/community organization Livingston County CARES is preparing for its next hurricane relief trips to the Biloxi/Gulfport, Miss., area.
Livingston County CARES has worked to repair homes and other structures damaged by Hurricane Katrina, which struck the gulf coast seven years ago this week.
View a video clip of President Dahl discussing the 2010 service trip to the Gulf Coast.
More than 700 volunteers have been on the 25 work trips since they began in 2005, and have included SUNY Geneseo students, faculty members, alumni and community members; more than 60 homes have been renovated. Livingston County CARES will continue its work in the area on January 13-19, March 17-23 and May 19-25.
"It's hard to imagine that the people on the Gulf Coast are facing another potential disaster, but one thing I have observed on our numerous relief trips to the area is the amazing resiliency the residents display there," said Tom Matthews, Geneseo's associate dean of leadership and service, who coordinates the trips through the college's Center for Community. "Many of us wonder how they can stay in that area and endure the threats of these massive storms, but it's their home and we're pleased to help them face what comes their way as best we can."
View a photo gallery from the 2010 service trip.
Livingston County CARES is a non-profit group of Geneseo students, faculty and community members dedicated to local and global humanitarian projects. After Hurricane Katrina, the Livingston County Board of Supervisors established a relationship with its counterpart in Harrison County, Mississippi, to assist with the relief and recovery efforts. SUNY Geneseo organized Livingston County CARES through the Center for Community, which emphasizes the vital link between service and leadership.
The organization is planning its upcoming works trips to Mississippi this spring. To inquire about opportunities, call 585-245-5857.
Media Contact:
David Irwin
Media Relations Manager
(585) 245-5516


text:
Dolan Designs 3663-78 Bolivian 3 Light Ambient Light Bathroom Fixture from the Saturn Collection
Offer Ends
We still have product details, accessories, replacement parts and reviews below, scroll down to see them!
Technical Specs
|Bulb Base
|Medium (E26)
|Bulb Included
|Bulb Type
|Compact Fluorescent, Incandescent
|Energy Star
|Full Backplate
|Mission / Craftsman
|Light Direction
|Down Lighting
|Number of Bulbs
|Suggested Room Fit
|UL Listed
|UL Rating
|Damp Location
|Watts Per Bulb
Dolan Designs 3663-78 Saturn 3 Light Ambient Light Bathroom Fixture
A classic Victorian style permeates this 3 Light Bathroom Fixture. Featuring softly curled arms and timeless bell-shaped Glacier Glass Shades, this classic piece will bring an elegant touch to any room it graces.
The timeless Saturn collection features softly curled arms and timeless bell-shaped Glacier Glass Shades that will bring a touch of elegance to any room.
Dolan Designs 3663 Features:
- Glacier Glass
- Cylinder Shaped Shades
- UL,cUL Rated for Damp Location
Dolan Designs 3663 Specifications:
- Requires (3) 100 Watt Medium Base Incandescent Bulbs (Not Included)
- Voltage: 120
- Height: 7"
- Width: 23.75"
- Extension: 7.75"
- Hanging Weight: 9.24 lbs.
- Backplate Dimensions: 5" Height x 5" Width x 1" Extension
Dolan Designs offers some of the finest styles and finishes available in home lighting and occasional furniture today, allowing you to create a distinctive look for your home. Simple, clean and classic designs to complement a wide variety of decorating styles are the hallmarks of Dolan Designs.
Additional Dolan Designs Links
- View Manufacturer Warranty
- Shop All Dolan Designs Products
- Shop All Dolan Designs Saturn Collection Products
Our SKU: 3663
This product is listed under the following manufacturer number(s):
- Bolivian*
*Denotes a finish or option that has been discontinued
Dolan Designs Saturn Collection
Warranty Info
This limited warranty is the only one that applies to this product and sets forth all the responsibilities of Dolan Designs regarding this product. No other warranty is expressed or implied other than that described herein.
Dolan Designs products and components (excluding lamps) are warranted to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for two years from the original date of invoice. Any product considered by Dolan Designs to be defective in material, parts, or workmanship will be repaired, replaced, or credited at our discretion. The parties hereto expressly agree that the purchaser's sole and exclusive remedy against Dolan Designs shall be for the repair, replacement, or credit of the defective product as provided herein.
This warranty does not apply to any fixtures that have been damaged resulting of accident, misuse or abuse, incorrect insulations, or lack of reasonable care (neglect). The purchaser shall in no event be entitled to, and Dolan Designs shall not be liable for any indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages. This warranty does not cover labor charges, shipping costs, installation, or removal without prior written approval of Dolan Designs corporate office.
Unauthorized alterations or repairs made to products will void this warranty and U.L. – C.U.L. listings (where applicable). Improper packaging of products returned to Dolan Designs or damages during transit are not covered by this warranty.


text:
Your order must total $99.00 before tax and shipping. Free Shipping on Ground Deliveries only going to one delivery location in the continental U.S. only, additional locations are $8.95 each. May not be combined with other coupons or promotional offers. Coupon not valid on our selection of Tervis or Louisville Slugger products. Offer not valid on previous orders.
Expiration: December 31, 2015 Code: SHIPPING99
With sleek brushed stainless and rugged rubber edging, this personalized Sporty Fit money clip is ideal for every guy on your list. Sturdy and flexible enough to carry bills and credit cards. Personalized with 2 lines of up to 12 characters per line. Clip measures 2 1/8" x 7/8" x 5/8". Typestyle, format & positioning only as shown.
Money not included.


text:
WHEELING - Following a Wednesday floor debate, 23 West Virginia senators outvoted 10 opponents to lower the annual table gambling fees for the state's four casinos from $2.5 million to $1.5 million.
The matter now lies in the hands of the House, where members will take up the matter of deciding whether to lower fees for the state's four racetracks. A version of the bill must pass in both chambers by the end of the session on April 13 before it can be signed into law by Gov. Earl Ray Tomblin.
"All we are asking for is a little bit of help in the face of heavy out-of-state competition," said Jim Simms, outgoing president and general manager of the Wheeling track, who has repeatedly said his facility may not renew its table gambling license in July if legislators do not lower the annual $2.5 million fee. The Wheeling facility projects operating its tables at a $1 million loss in 2013. Simms said the track has 105 employees whose jobs are directly tied to table gambling. "I really hope this does not become a partisan issue."
Speaking against the bill on the Senate floor Wednesday, Senate Minority Leader Mike Hall, R-Hurricane, said he was not convinced the racetracks needed the break, especially when the state's budget is so tight.
"In the year that we're asking for 7.5 percent cuts and we're resisting most pay raises, the three racetracks don't need these and it's questionable in my mind whether the one we're doing it for does," Hall said.
House Minority Leader Tim Armstead, R-Kanawha, said he would like to see financial figures from Wheeling Island before the House considers the bill. Armstead also said that flagging finances alone would not be enough to justify a break on fees for the casinos.
"Even if they're able to justify and show us in their records and their books, again, there are many, many companies in different areas - the coal companies, the small mom-and-pop shops, the gas stations - they've all been struggling under the economic climate that we're in," Armstead said. "I would say that if you open the doors and say anyone who's struggling can get tax relief, there would be a line stretched to Braxton County."
Though these Republicans questioned the motives and needs of the Wheeling track, West Virginia Lottery Commission records show a vast discrepancy between the profitability of Wheeling Island and the Hollywood Casino at Charles Town Races in West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle. Wheeling Island generated about $5.3 million worth of revenue from table gambling from July 1 through the end of February. During the same time period, the Charles Town track saw about $104.7 million from table gambling - nearly 20 times as much as the Wheeling facility.
Sen. Rocky Fitzsimmons, D-Wheeling, and Senate President Jeff Kessler, D-Glen Dale, have said they believe the Wheeling track will eliminate its table games this year if the current $2.5 million fee is not lowered - a move that could leave 105 workers without jobs.
"We carried the ball as far as we could on our side. Now, it's up to the House to carry it over the goal line," Fitzsimmons said in using a football analogy. "But I am not in a position to predict what the House will do."
While it grappled with the problems of its existing casinos, the Senate also authorized the creation of a new one. That casino would be in Franklin, W.Va., and would hope to draw most of its customers from Virginia. The developers would have to spend at least $60 million on the project, building home sites and a hotel, in order to build the casino.
Winning the vote by a count of 25-8, the casino's supporters said its rural location would mean it would not take customers from West Virginia's other casinos.
Senate Majority Leader John Unger, D-Martinsburg, was the only Democrat to vote against both the new casino and the reduction in fees.
"We have a lot of casinos already in the state," Unger said. "Some of them aren't doing very well. They're wanting help. Adding another just doesn't make logical sense to me."
(The Associated Press also contributed to this story.)


text:
Levi's Back to School Sale 30% Off Sitewide & Free Shipping on Orders $100+
coupon code: FALL12
Offer ends at 11:59 PM PT on 8/14/12. Enter promo code FALL12 at checkout for savings to be applied. 30% discount excludes Made in the USA & Commuter products. Free standard ground shipping on orders of $100 or more (excluding taxes gift certificates, wrapping or shipping costs). Excludes shipments to Alaska, Hawaii, PO and APO/FPO addresses. Offer will automatically be applied at checkout when STANDARD GROUND SHIPPING is selected. Entire order must ship to a single address. Customer responsible for all shipping costs on returned merchandise. This promotional offer may be modified or terminated at any time without notice.
12 Comments add a comment
Are they US made (jobs), or imports (no jobs)?
Their site for the Americas says that they manufacture and distribute from the US, but half their income comes from other countries. A little weaselwordy, but it looks like the stuff sold in the US is made in the US.
It might be the hands but it looks like both are being modeled by men.
I don't see any carpenter jeans on their site.
Doesn't seem to be truly site-wide. I put 886878347092 in my cart and entered the code... no discount. I then added 886878277191 to my cart and entered the code, and I got the discount applied to the second item but not the first. I don't know why this happens (maybe a bug in their system?), but you should make check to see that you get the discount you're expecting.
I only wear Levis. Over the years, I've had 3 pairs that the zipper separated so that it could not be used. Two of the 3 pairs were in like new shape. One day I decided to email them and told them I expected better from Levis. They told me to mail them to them (free in a post paid envelope they sent me) and they sent me 3 new pairs! Even though one of the pairs I had were really beat. Great customer service!
@greciandelight: NOT a dupe. A sponsored deal. There's a difference.
Some on sale for $19.90 and 30% off worked for me. Good deal.
Legal terms added from Levi's
Cheaper at the thrift store and already broken in.
@dvt34o4: Updated legal terms show that some products are excluded, which explains it.
(replying to my own post since I don't know how to edit the original)