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| Sandu, C., Baker Hughes, Sugar Land, Texas; Wright, B., Baker Hughes, Sugar Land, Texas
New monitoring protocols can provide advance warning of any negative aspects of shale oil processing, thus enabling the refiner to take corrective measures early.
[shale oil]
The refining of shale oil (also known as
tight oil) extracted through fracturing from fields such as
Eagle Ford, Utica and Bakken has become prevalent in many areas
of the US. Although these oils are appealing as refinery feedstocks due to their availability
and low cost, processing can be more difficult.
The quality of the shale oils is highly variable. These oils
can be high in solids with high melting point waxes. The light
paraffinic nature of shale oils can lead to asphaltene
destabilization when blended with heavier crudes. These
compositional factors have resulted in cold preheat train
fouling, desalter upsets, and fouling of hot preheat exchangers
and furnaces. Problems in transportation and storage,
finished-product quality, as well as refinery corrosion, have also been
reported. Operational issues have led to cases of reduced
throughput and crude unit shutdowns. The problems encountered
with shale oil processing and possible prediction and control
strategies will be presented.
The production of shale gas and oils has increased rapidly
due to significant advancements in drilling technology and hydraulic fracturing.
Coupling chemical treatments to the mechanical drilling
capabilities has enabled increased production efficiency.
In September 2012, shale oil production was reported to be
nearly 1 million bpd (1 MMbpd). The most prolific production
locations are in North Dakota (Bakken), Texas (Eagle Ford),
Ohio, Pennsylvania (Marcellus and Utica), Colorado, Kansas,
Nebraska and Wyoming (Niobrara). Other locations identified for
probable shale oil production are in New Mexico, Oklahoma and
Utah. By 2020, production will be at least 10 MMbpd, based on
expanded drilling activity, as shown in Fig.
1.1 The predictions are largely dependent
on the volatility of oil prices, technical advancements,
capital expenditure, infrastructure needs, and challenges
associated with the processing of these abundant
The properties of shale oils are significantly different
than typical crude oils. As a result, a series of challenges
needs to be solved to ensure uninterrupted transportation and
refining of shale oils. The main challenges encountered with
these feed streams will be discussed, including issues in
storage, transportation, refining and finished fuel
Unlike most crude oils, shale oils are light, sweet oils,
with a high paraffinic content and low acidity. They also have
minimal asphaltenic content phase and varying contents of
filterable solids, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and
mercaptans. Table 1 is a comparison of the oil
characteristics typical for shale oil, and it includes data for
Eagle Ford and Bakken shale oils.2 There are
significant differences in the sulfur content and the
filterable solids loading. In addition, the streams from a
shale oil production region can have significant variability,
as shown in Fig. 2. These were shale oil
samples from one field, with colors ranging from pale amber to
Paraffin. The paraffin content of shale oil
is one of the main properties that contributes to downstream
problems from transportation and storage to refinery
processing. Analyses of one batch of shale oil revealed
paraffin chains containing well over 50 carbons. Similar paraffin analyses
have been observed from multiple shale oils. To understand
fouling due to wax deposition, a carbon-chain profile analysis
should be performed to document the molecular-weight
distribution (MWD) and the melting points of the waxes in the
system. Fig. 3 illustrates the
characterization of waxes from Eagle Ford and Bakken oil
samples. Some samples of Eagle Ford shale oil contain over 70
carbon paraffins.
Several shale oil production locations have high
H2S loading. To ensure worker safety, scavengers are
often used to reduce H2S concentrations. The
scavengers are often amine-based
products-methyl triazine, for instancethat are
converted into mono-ethanolamine (MEA) in the crude distillation unit (CDU).
Unfortunately, these amines contribute to corrosion problems in
the CDU. Once MEA forms, it rapidly reacts with chlorine to
form chloride salts. These salts lose solubility in the
hydrocarbon phase and become solids at the processing
temperatures of the atmospheric CD towers and form deposits on
the trays or overhead system. The deposits are hygroscopic,
and, once water is absorbed, the deposits become very
corrosive. These physical properties are responsible for the
problems that are being experienced by refineries handling
shale oils.
The challenges associated with the production of shale oils
are a function of their compositional complexities and the
varied geological formations where they are found. These oils
are light, but they are very waxy and reside in oil-wet
formations. These properties create some of the main
difficulties associated with shale oil extraction. Such
problems include scale formation, salt deposition, paraffin wax
deposits, destabilized asphaltenes, corrosion and bacteria
growth. Multi-component chemical additives are added to the
stimulation fluid to control these problems.
Shale oils are characterized by low-asphaltenic content,
low-sulfur content and a significant MWD of the paraffinic wax
content. Paraffin carbon chains of C10 to C60 have been found,
with some shale oils containing carbon chains up to C72. To
control deposition and plugging in formations due to paraffins,
the dispersants are commonly used. In upstream applications,
these paraffin dispersants are applied as part of
multifunctional additive packages where asphaltene stability
and corrosion control are also addressed simultaneously.
Scale deposits of calcite, carbonates and silicates must be
controlled during production or plugging problems arise. A wide
range of scale additives is available. These additives can be
highly effective when selected appropriately. Depending on the
nature of the well and the operational conditions, a specific
chemistry is recommended or blends of products are used to
address scale deposition.
Another challenge encountered with shale oil is the
transportation infrastructure. Rapid distribution of shale oils
to the refineries is necessary to maintain consistent plant
throughput. Some pipelines are in use, and additional pipelines
are being constructed to provide consistent supply. During the
interim, barges and railcars are being used, along with a
significant expansion in trucking to bring the
various shale oils to the refineries. Eagle Ford production is
estimated to increase by a factor of 6from 350,000 bpd to
nearly 2 MMbpd by 2017; more reliable infrastructures are
needed to distribute this oil to multiple locations. Similar expansion is estimated for Bakken
and other shale oil production fields.
The paraffin content of the shale oils is impacting all
transportation systems. Wax deposits have been found to coat
the walls of railroad tank cars, barges and trucks. Waxy
deposits in pipelines regularly require pigging to maintain
full throughput. Bakken shale oil is typically transported in
railcar, although pipeline expansion projects are in progress to
accommodate the long-term need. These railcars require regular
steaming and cleaning for reuse. Similar deposits are being
encountered in trucks being used for shale oil transportation.
The wax deposits also create problems in transferring the shale
oils to refinery tankage. Fig. 4 shows samples
of deposited wax collected from pigged pipelines in shale oil
One other problem encountered in storing and transporting
shale oils is the concentrations of light ends that accumulate
in the vapor spaces, requiring increased safety and relief
systems. Shipping Bakken crude via barges was challenged by the
increased levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Vapor-control systems should be used to ensure a safe environment.
Due to the paraffinic nature of shale oils and their lack of
heavy bottoms, most refineries mix crude oil with the shale
oil. Unfortunately, the shale oils have low aromatic content,
so mixing with conventional crude oil often leads to asphaltene
destabilization. If blended oils are transported, the deposits
can consist of waxes and precipitated asphaltenes. Dispersants
specifically designed for both hydrocarbon types can control
deposit formation during transportation. Until a proper
transportation infrastructure is built, significant variation
of shale oil shipments and potential for contamination are
still possible. Refineries are already experiencing the impact
of the quality variation of shale oil feeds, and of processing
Due to the variation in solids loading and their paraffinic
nature, processing shale oils in refinery operations offers
several challenges. Problems can be found from the tank farm to
the desalter, preheat exchangers and furnace, and increased
corrosion in the CDU. In the refinery tank farm, entrained solids
can agglomerate and rapidly settle, adding to the sludge layer
in the tank bottoms. Waxes crystalize and settle or coat the
tank walls, thus reducing storage capacity. Waxes will
stabilize emulsions and suspend solids in the storage tanks,
leading to slugs of sludge entering the CDU. Waxes will also
coat the transfer piping, resulting in increased pressure drop
and hydraulic restrictions.
Mixing asphaltenic crude with paraffinic shale oils leads to
asphaltene destabilization that contributes to stable emulsions
and sludge formation. To control these problems, wax-crystal
modifiers or paraffin dispersants can be applied successfully.
Wax-crystal modifiers must be added when the shale oil is still
hot from the formation. When the paraffins begin to leave the
liquid phase, wax modifiers are ineffective, and paraffin
dispersants are required to control deposition.
Desalter operations may suffer from issues related to the
shale oil properties. Solids loading can be highly variable,
leading to large shifts in solids removal performance. Sludge
layers from the tank farm may cause severe upsets, including
growth of stable emulsion bands and intermittent increases of
oil in the brine water. Agglomerated asphaltenes can enter from
storage tanks or can flocculate in the desalter rag layer,
leading to oil slugs in the effluent brine.
Solutions include using tank farm additives to control the
formation of sludge layers, along with specially designed
asphaltene dispersants and aggressive desalter treatments to
ensure optimum operation. Pretreatment, coupled with
high-performance desalter programs, have provided the best
overall desalter performance and desalted crude quality;
multiple treatment options for both areas can ensure maximum
performance. Fig. 5 is an example of applying
a tank pretreatment. A crude-oil tank treatment program was
initiated that broke waxy emulsions in tankage, enabling
improved water resolution of the raw crude oil and minimizing
sludge and solids entering the desalter. This program provided
significant improvement of solids released into the desalter
brine water compared to previous operations. Prior to
initiating the pretreatment program, solids in the brine
averaged 29 PTB, and the emulsion band control was sporadic.
After the tank pretreatment program started, the desalter
emulsion band could be controlled with the emulsion breaker
program, and solids removal to the brine water increased by a
factor of 8 to an average of 218 PTB.
Hot train fouling occurs from destabilized asphaltenes that
agglomerate and form deposits. These materials entrain
inorganics, such as iron sulfide and sediments from production
formations, into the deposit matrix. Some deposits, including
high molecular-weight paraffins, become complex with the
asphaltene aggregates. Mixing shale oils with asphaltenic crude
oils results in rapid asphaltene agglomeration. Rapid hot train
exchanger fouling has been seen in units running crude blends
with asphaltene concentrations of 1% or less. Table
3 shows the analysis from a hot exchanger deposit that
had to be shut down for cleaning after only a short time
online. This hydrogen-to-carbon ratio is consistent with
asphaltenic deposits.
Feed analyses of the shale oil and crude blend being
processed revealed poor stability of the asphaltenes.
Asphaltene stability tests are used to measure the ability of a
crude oil blend to hold asphaltenes in solution.3, a
The method utilizes light scattering, coupled with automatic
titration, to force asphaltene destabilization and
As titration begins, the oil becomes less opaque and the
light intensity increases. When the destabilization point is
reached and the asphaltenes rapidly agglomerate and flocculate,
the fluid opacity suddenly increases. Inflection points on the
curve show where asphaltenes become unstable: farther to the
right indicates higher stability asphaltenes, while inflection
points farther to the left suggest unstable asphaltenes.
Fig. 6 shows asphaltene stability results for
several crude blends, along with a test on Eagle Ford shale
oil. An inflection point was not achieved for the shale oil
because it has no asphaltenes to flocculate. Typical crude oils
are shown, with asphaltene stability index (ASI) results around
120. When the shale oil was blended with the typical crude oils
at a ratio of 80/20, the measured asphaltene stability result
was less than 30, indicating rapid and uncontrollable
destabilization of the asphaltenes.
Hot-train exchanger fouling can be controlled through
antifoulant additives designed to control the agglomeration and
deposition of asphaltenes and entrained inorganic solids.
Another fouling control strategy is to do regular analysis of
the stability of the asphaltenes in the crude oil blend under
consideration for processing. This information can guide
operations to minimize fouling problems.
CDU atmospheric furnace fouling has also been observed at
several refineries processing shale oils, especially those
processing a blend of asphaltenic crude and shale oils. In some
cases, the fouling rate was so severe that the crude unit had
to be shut down for furnace pigging. CDU furnace operations
with conventional crude oils experience little to no fouling,
and these furnaces can easily run for 5 to 6 years between
turnarounds. Fig. 7 shows the rate of fouling
in a unit processing a mixture of shale oil with crude vs. the
rate of fouling with more typical crude feeds.
Shale oils often contain high concentrations of
H2S that require treatment with scavengers due to
safety purposes. Amine-based
scavengers often decompose as the crude oil is preheated
through the hot preheat train and furnace, forming amine
fragments. MEA, one of the most commonly used amines, readily
forms an amine-chloride salt in the atmospheric tower. These
salts deposit in the upper sections. Often, under-deposit
corrosion is the major cause of failures in process systems
because CDU tower under-salt corrosion rates can be 10 to 100
times faster than a general acidic attack. Mitigation
strategies include controlling chloride to minimize the
chloride traffic in the tower top and overhead, increasing the
overhead operating temperature so that the salts move further
downstream in the overhead system, and acidifying the desalter
brine water to increase removal of amines into the
water phase.
The quality of the finished fuels from refining shale oils has changed
significantly. As the shale oils have higher light-ends
content, one benefit is increased production of naphtha for
gasoline, and stable diesel and jet distillates. These
increased volumes can boost refinery margins. However, due to
the chemical nature of these shale oil feeds, several
challenges can be encountered. The streams are more
paraffinicthus, they suffer from poor pour and
cloud-point properties. In addition, shale oils are lower in
sulfur content, so the need for lubricity additives is
anticipated. Effective additives can be used to improve all
distillate stream properties. Conductivity can also be
off-spec; a combination of lubricity/conductivity improvers can
raise the quality of the distillate. To optimize chemical
treatment program, testing on specific product streams is
required and suitable product selection should be customized.
Table 4 summarizes the main issues identified
for different distillate cuts that a refiner can experience as
well as chemical and mechanical solutions that can mitigate
these challenges.
Preparing to process shale oils. The risks that shale oils
present can be successfully managed. The first step is to
identify the onset of all concerns. To be prepared for
processing shale oils, monitoring protocols can provide advance
warning of any negative aspects of shale oil processing and the
impacts on product quality, thus enabling the refiner to take
corrective measures early. HP
The article is a revised and updated version from an earlier
presentation at the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM)
Annual Meeting, March 1719, 2013, at San Antonio,
The authors acknowledge the contributions from several
colleagues in providing information used in this article,
including Dr. Larry Kremer, Thomas Falkler, Tomasa Ledesma,
Molly Cooper, Waynn Morgan and the Finished Fuels group. The
authors also thank Baker Hughes for allowing this article to be
a CRUDE OIL MANAGEMENT, ASIT and FIELD ASIT
SERVICES are trademarks of Baker Hughes Incorporated.
1 US Energy Information Administration, Shale
Plays Report, May 9, 2011.
2 Kremer, L., Shale Oil and Solutions,
COQA Meeting, November 2012.
3 Stark, J. L. and S. Asomaning, Crude Oil
Blending Effects on Asphaltene Stability in Refinery
Fouling, Petroleum Science and Technology, Vol. 21, Nos. 3
& 4, 2003.
4 Sandu, C. and T. Falkler, New Field Tool
Helps Refiners Detect Incompatible Feedstocks, Prevent Operational
Problems, ERTC 2012.
All comments are subject to editorial review.
All fields are compulsory.
Charles Harry
The addition of mbp needs or usage would be useful relative to Fig.1 in regards to why there is an ongoing large increase in shale oil production followed by it gradual decline.
Peter LoGiudice
Excellent well thoughtout overview-Thanks
What will be the typical Calorific Value of Shale oil in Kcal/ Kg? C/H2 Ratio Any estimation of Metal Contents like Vanadium, Na, Si etc
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Engineers and designers are highly skilled individuals. Forcing them to enter design changes using tables, forms and spreadsheets is unproductive and uneconomical, and it increases the likelihood of human error—this is the way that most instrumentation software systems currently work. For too long, software vendors have denied engineers and designers the simple practicality of a graphical visual engineering interface with "drag and drop" capability and inbuilt intelligence, ensuring changes are automatically replicated into all the associated data and databases.
Is 2016 the peak for US gasoline demand?
Too soon to tell
July 2016


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Goodguys Del Mar Nationals - Where Hot Rods PlayWritten by on August 1, 2011 Fun in the sun at the Goodguys Del Mar Nationals
In 1937, hot rodders around L.A. formed the Southern California Timing Association to help organize dry lakes racing. That same year, near San Diego, the Del Mar horse racing track opened. Bing Crosby was at the gate to welcome fans. Who would have guessed that by the year 2000, hot rodders would be pouring into this chic Hollywood playground by the thousands—and nobody would even think of calling the police?
This year marked the 11th anniversary of the Goodguys Del Mar Nationals, a show that has become a magnet for some of the finest hot rods and customs in the country, frequently drawing cars that were competing under the lights at the Grand National Roadster Show just months before. Goodguys highlights some of those top-shelf vehicles in Del Mar in the indoor Display of Excellence exhibit. We spotted an AMBR contender or two in there as well as the 2011 Ridler award winner. Goodguys also uses this event to award its prestigious Street Rod d'Elegance.
But Del Mar isn't all about elegance and elite-level show vehicles. Homebuilt Heaven, Ya Gotta Drive 'Em, Suede & Chrome Pick, and Youngguys Pick are among the many award categories aimed at the original grassroots level of the hobby. And considering Del Mar's beach location and the large surfer population, it's no surprise that this show always draws a bunch of beautiful woodies, most of them gathered in the Good Wood corral.
In honor of the performance roots of hot rodding, Goodguys invited a handful of restored '60s-era dragsters to light 'em up during the Nitro Thunderfest held several times during the weekend. We walked away with ears ringing and eyes teary—from nostalgia as much as from the nitromethane fumes. And at the far end of the venue, the Autocross competition let participants compete on the cone course for more than show 'n' shine glory.
If you missed this one, here's the good news; you don't have to wait a year to join this party. Goodguys is doing it again at the First Fall Del Mar Nats in November. Hope to see you there.
Painless Performance Products presents STREET RODDER Top 100
For the Top 100 program, STREET RODDER attends 10 particular car shows each year and picks 10 vehicles at each to make up the Top 100. For more on where those shows are, check www.streetrodder.com.
Painless Tech Tip
Good Grounds
The grounding of your ride is essential. Always connect the battery ground to the engine and tie the engine to the frame as well as the body with heavy ground straps or cable. If your dash gauges fluctuate when you turn on the lights, there is a grounding problem.
Taking the Show to the Street
After the first day of the Goodguys Del Mar Nats, many participants headed to nearby Escondido for the 2011 season opener of Cruisin' Grand. Every Friday evening from April through September, the downtown side streets are closed to traffic and Grand Avenue is opened to cruisers. A live DJ (the best kind) was there to play classic oldies and host activities—including a hula-hoop contest—while hundreds of hot rods kept the show rolling.
Joe Schenk
Las Vegas, Nevada
1956 Ford F-100 Pickup
Joe Schenk is the luckiest guy in Las Vegas, and it has nothing to do with gambling. Schenk owns this hot-rodded '56 F-100 big-window pickup. He drove a big-window '56 to take his driver's license test way back when and had always wanted another one. His wish came true about a year ago
Schenk's '56 gets plenty of power from a 4.6L DOHC engine, backed by a Tremec five-speed. The framerails were boxed and RideTech airbags were installed to drop the '56 practically to ground level. All exterior brightwork was eliminated except for the grille, tailgate hinges, and Billet Specialties rims. Ron Mangus created the black leather interior. Who says a truck can't be classy?
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
Jeff Sposito, Danville, CA / 1949 Mercury Check out this unchopped, nosed, and decked custom. Tasty pinstriping from Art Himsl on the dash and lots of red vinyl make the inside pop. There's a '75 Monte Carlo suspension underneath. Sposito has more plans for the project, but right now he's having too much fun driving it.Henry and Mary Ann Rossi, Gilroy, CA / 1932 Ford roadster Starting with a Brookville steel body on a SO-CAL Speed Shop frame, this homebuilt knockout combines the look of an early '60s hot rod with some beautiful custom touches, including unique hand-carved emblems and trim on the dash, grille, and elsewhere. The spreader bar was once part of a wing strut on a World War II plane.Brian and Denise Stone, Torrance, CA / 1955 Chevy It's tough to take a Tri-Five Chevy and depart from nostalgic without going too far, but every detail on this LS1-engined '55, from the triangulated four-link rear to the ground-level stance to the nickel and brushed bumpers and wild leather interior is imaginative and amazing.Ryan and Raeleen Vanderhook, Yorba Linda, CA / 1941 Willys coupe As a kid, Ryan used to watch them race at Lions Drag Strip. His all-steel Willys is built from a true '60s Gasser, and was inspired by the great Big John Mazmanian. The blown '57 Hemi 392 has ported and polished Junior Johnson heads. Its racing days are over, but it's still driven and wins a lot of attention.Nick Kallos, Las Vegas, NV / 1932 Ford roadster Nick Kallos proved a big point when his mostly owner-built, budget '32 was an AMBR finalist at the Grand National Roadster Show. The chopped and dropped roadster sits on a pinched frame. The sheetmetal mods alone could fill a book. Triple Rochester carbs top a Chevy small-block.Reginald Jack, Camp Verde, AZ / 1933 Ford roadster Reginald Jack did a great job on this beautifully detailed, just-finished '33, giving the American Speed body the perfect stance and packing it with a 392ci Chrysler Hemi (not so easy, and only 1/8 inch of clearance when done). The top is retractable and the split bench seat wears brown leather upholstery.Bruce Ricks, Sapulpa, OK / 1956 Ford Sunliner convertible The 2011 Ridler Award winner, built by Steve Cook, features a body that's been progressively section wedged and stretched for a truly custom profile. The 427 SOHC engine is fed by dual Autolite 4V carbs. Trim is nickel-plated aluminum. Underneath, there's a custom tube chassis.Daryl Ducommun, Larrabee, IA / 1950 Ford coupe Daryl Ducommun's metallic root beer shoebox, built by Brent Elsen at Dakota Muscle Cars, is custom all over. The glass is flush mounted in the chopped top. Airbag suspension drops it to the ground. The 289 engine is backed by a four-speed. The inside is covered in leather and basket weave Ultrasuede.Joe Proski, Glendale, AZ / 1950 Mercury Originally built 20 years ago by Squeeg Jerger, the Merc was recently rebuilt by Doug Jerger at Squeegs Kustoms. The engine and suspension is Oldsmobile. Custom elements like frenched headlights and taillights, rounded corners, 3-1/2-inch chop, and Merlot paint, are only partly why Proski's beautiful sled is the Goodguys West Coast Custom of the Year.
Jeff Mattazaro, El Cajon, CA / 1956 Chevy pickup Of course it was the eye-catching Kiwi Green paint that drew us to this ZZ4-powered pickup, riding on a Total Cost Involved front and rear suspension setup and rolling on 20- and 22-inch Race Line rims. The up-to-date interior is covered in cream-colored leather. Inside and out, it's a beauty.Brookville Roadster body No. 11 rides on an original '32 chassis, with a 383 small-block Chevy, Richmond five-speed, and Halibrand quick-change moving it along. Jack and Donna Linden from Prescott, AZ, are owners of this chopped highboy.Sure, it's shiny. Notice the sun bouncing off the hood of Dave Iversen's chopped '36, built at Iversen Originals. A ton of fabrication work went into the roadster, which was once a five-window coupe. The '37 Flathead is backed by a '39 gearbox. The DuVall-style windshield is a one-off piece.The paint on Bob and Sharolyn Kerns' '50 Olds Holiday coupe was bright even inside the Display of Excellence building. The shaved, slammed, tubbed, chopped Olds sits on a Jaguar front and rear suspension. The Olds is owner-built except for upholstery and the '56 Olds engine.Trevis Berry from Gilroy has the completely correct attitude about his ZZ4-powered Deuce five-window, which he's owned since the mid-'90s. As nice as it is, it's built to drive. Berry's motto is "I'm going to put the dings into it myself."Rick Geilenfeldt still has the $140 Bill of Sale from when he bought this '50 Olds as a high school kid in 1964. Since then, he's added a 455 from a '73 Toronado, seats from a '65 Corvair Monza, Fatman IFS, and a narrowed 9-inch.This hand-patina'd original-steel '33 was built by previous owner Rod Palmer at Arizona Street Rods. Bruce Albertson from L.A. bought it as the L.A. Roadster Show last summer. The engine is a 502ci GM crate motor. Bison leather covers the interior and nickel plating covers the Halibrands and many other components and trim pieces.The Good Wood corral is a popular part of the show in Del Mar, and the Good Wood Pick award was given to Joe Free's '50 Ford woodie, completed one day before the event. The passenger compartment is finished in dark tan interior and wood paneling. A Ram Jet crate engine is underhood. "It's gonna be a driver," Free promised.
Look real close to see the white pinstriping along the beltline of Scott Robert's '41 Ford truck, built by Hot Rods & Custom Stuff. There's more striping on the tailgate. This knockout pickup is packed with a Flathead with two deuces and Edmunds air cleaners. The cab is done in cream tuck 'n' roll.The bright red finish on Buddy Pepp's '34 three-window is a driveway lacquer job sprayed in the '70s. The chrome is from the same timeframe. Pepp has had the coupe for more than 15 years. Drivetrain consists of a small-block Chevy and TH350 automatic with a 9-inch Currie rearend.In the truest custom tradition, Tony Miller's slammed '56 Ford Victoria was modified with '55 Customline side trim and grille, '56 Lincoln hubcaps, '55 Olds headlights, '55 Merc taillights, a '65 GTO hood scoop, and '64 Thunderbird interior parts, to name only a few mods. Underhood is a built-up 351 Windsor.Needing something to drive to Del Mar, Carly dePeralta bought this low-mileage '55 Chrysler New Yorker a week before the show. The Hemi is the original 331. Lace paint covers the top, while she got rid of the fur carpet but kept the fur dash top.One of our Del Mar favorites is Jack Burns' '41 Studebaker Champion Deluxe Custom Club Sedan (it was a Top 100 pick back in 2006). The Nailhead-powered Stude with a mid-'60s switch pitch (variable stator) TH400 still looks great with Cypress Gold Frost paint and Torq-Thrust IIs.Terry James' '49 Chevy Fleetline features one of our favorite body styles. This homebuilt Chevy is nosed and decked, with frenched headlights and taillights. Traditional rolls 'n' pleats fill the orange and cream interior. The engine is a 425ci Buick Nailhead.The historic Pete Henderson roadster from the early '40s is one of the "75 Most Significant '32 Ford Hot Rods" and the legendary "car that raced the horse" (Google it). It was recently restored by current caretaker Ralph Whitworth of San Diego, and won the Period Perfect and Real McCoy awards this weekend.Still fresh from the Grand National Roadster Show, Dana and Lorene Hinkle's "Gold Rush" Deuce pickup has '60s show rod written all over it. From the gleaming small-block to the white diamond stitch interior and African zebrano wood bed, the steel-bodied '32 attracted a little bit of attention.
Ron Mangus Hot Rod Interiors covered the custom seats, console, panels, and lower dash in black leather.This Ford four-valve DOHC modular 4.6 packs Schenk's pickup. Schenk kept the engine stock and is beyond satisfied with the power it makes.

subset: commoncrawl


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For those who are forced to work outside, there has been no escaping the cold the last few days.
The Medical Center in Bowling Green says they have seen an increase in cases of hypothermia.
Doctors say the cases are from those not taking the necessary precautions.
While many people have to work outside, officials recommend you always have someone nearby.
"I would recommend that you of course wear the appropriate clothing and also that you take frequent breaks. Remember that if you are physically active and sweating, that your clothes are going to get wet and that will exacerbate the problem," says Dr. Bart Spurlin, Medical Director of the Emergency Department at the Medical Center in Bowling Green.
Windy, cold weather can also cause frostbite. Doctors say one of the first signs may be white or yellowish skin.
If you think frostbite has occurred doctors recommend you warm the area slowly. Warming the area too fast can cause burns to the skin.


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Whether it was love at first sight under the gazebo, a budding friendship that grew over the years or a chance encounter after graduation – over 6,000 Geneseo alumni are sharing their lives together. That's a lot of Geneseo sweethearts… or should we say Tweethearts?
To celebrate and honor those couples who share the Geneseo experience as a common bond, the college is launching the Geneseo Tweethearts campaign as an interactive multi-media forum where alumni couples can share their love and their Geneseo stories.


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Cited: William Stevenson, 59, 136 Cunningham Drive, intoxication.
Arrested: Joseph Moran, 29, 144 Park St., Weirton, failure to appear, Wednesday.
Arrested: Timothea Gabble. 24, 436 county Road 7, Dillionvale, permitting drug abuse, possession of a drug abuse instrument, Wednesday.
Arrested: Daniel Allen Winland, 20, 307 county Road 15A, Rayland, tampering with evidence, Wednesday.
Arrested: Kacie Crawford, 22, 4178 county Road 15A, Rayland, possession of drugs, Wednesday.
Arrested: Samantha Strachan, 22, 2937 Linda Way., petit theft, possession of drugs, Thursday.
Arrested: Ryan Geary, 22, Apartment 2, 1394 Sinclair Ave., failure to appear, Thursday.
Arrested: Zachary Moore, 25, Apartment 209, 730 N. Fourth St., failure to appear, Thursday.
Arrested: Gregory Savior, 37, 1223 Oregon Ave., possession of drugs, possession of drug paraphernalia, Thursday.
Arrested: Joshua Pemberton, 113 Garfield Ave., Mingo Junction, inducing panic, Thursday.
Jefferson County
Arrested: Jerome Brewer, 32, 409 Liberty St., Empire, assault, Thursday.
Reported missing: Remington firearm from residence in 700 block of township Road 428, Toronto, Thursday.
Arrested: Eric Deuley, 20, 409 Liberty St., Empire, public intoxication, disorderly conduct, Thursday.


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Is there a way to apply a biometric lock (as in, a look screen) to an Android device? e.g. the unlocker has to pass a fingerprint / retina / voice scan. I've read about startup companies and general ideas, but haven't seen any actual product.
Some phones have hardware built in for such things. For example, my Motorola Atrix has a fingerprint scanner to unlock it, http://www.authentec.com/a/ATRIXFAQs.aspx. Also, like you pointed out, Ice Cream Sandwich is going to have facial recognition for locking/unlocking.
It's possible to develop one, but we don't have pixel-per-pixel touch screens(like the one that the second generation Microsoft Surface uses) on our Android phones, so it will not be accurate, nor even trustable. What may be out on the Market are lock screens that imitate those systems, but they are just for visual effects.
The only example that is valid is the face-recognition, the iris-recognition I don't know, but I think this needs a lot more improved technology. You can check out BioLock To Bring Biometric Security (Iris Scanner, Facial Recognition) To Android for more information.
I am currently using an app in beta called Zwypelock. This app learns your unique behavior — the way you hold you phone, the pressure you apply to your touch screen, etc. It lets you unlock the phone with just a swipe.
Here is the link


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I promise these will be the last words about personalized genetics thiy year. The "hypest" topic of 2007 was individualized medicine, no doubt about it.
When I first read the announcement of 23andMe, I wanted to use their service, but as a European, it's still impossible. So here are others who have recently recieved their results.
- Personal Genome Results from 23andMe and deCODEme (Eye on DNA)
- Everything you need to last you two lifetimes (Free Association)
Have you been thinking about the medical breakthroughs of the year? Well, Science described some of them:
Individualized medicine has serious scientific aspects:
- Personalized molecular medicine may revolutionize treatment of genetic disorders
- Implications of Personalized Medicine for Research
And let's finish the year with reviews of 2 services:
- myDNAchoice – Are Your Surfing Habits the Result of Your Genome? (The Genetic Genealogist):
- Welcome to Helix Health. (The Gene Sherpa)


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The Election and the (Culture) War
What does the 2006 election mean for Catholic participation in American political life? I think this country is sick of endless war literal war and metaphorical war. Political commentators say that the midterm elections were a referendum on the war in Iraq, which is spilling the blood of both Americans and Iraqis with no clear political objective and no clear exit strategy. In my view, it is also a referendum on the culture wars: the take-no-prisoners-and-admit-no-doubt strategy of the Religious Right, which ended up being nothing more than a pathetic mirror image of the same strategy used by the secular Left twenty years earlier. I hope that the resounding defeat of Rick Santorum signals the end of this way of rhetorically framing controversial moral and social issues in both the Catholic Church in America and in American political life more generally. The way the theocons framed and defended the Iraq War was strikingly consonant with their framing of controversial domestic issues. I think I hope the viewers are saying that its this prophetic (and perhaps apocalyptic) frame that has to go.
1. A Manichean world view: its Good v. Evil, the forces of light v. the forces of darkness. And by the way, WE are GOOD.
2. A delight in demonizing the opposition: who could see anything good in the forces of darkness? How could the forces of darkness have any point worth considering whatsoever?
3. An inability to recognize hard questions, and to acknowledge good faith disagreement about difficult moral and political issues. To Catholic culture warriors, the question of stem-cell research, or the Terri Schiavo case, werent even hard questions. The very suggestion that they are hard questions proved your moral turpitude.
4. An ends-justifies-the-political-means mentality. If what it takes to rid the world of Saddam is prevarication on WMDs, so be it. If what it takes to save Terri Schiavo is to violate settled principles of federalism, so be it.
5. An inability to see nuance, or to take into account anything but one moral principle at a time. Abortion is the taking of innocent human life. Nothing else needs to be said. Therefore it should always be illegal, even in cases of rape or incest. If you think the question of the womans consent to sex is at all relevant to the legal status of abortion, youre the enemy.
6. A preference for the stick rather than the carrot after all, you cant fight a war with a carrot. Support marriage by banning gay marriage; dont provide married couples with the social support and other resources they need to make their commitment stick. Be pro-life by banning abortion, not by voting for social services that will prevent unwanted pregnancies or help mothers and fathers make a long-term commitment to raise children.
You cant argue someone out of a culture war mindset on either side. You cant make someone see nuance if they dont want to see it. Its a waste of time to try and do so. But maybe social conservatives who arent culture warriors who see distinctions, who see some good in their misguided political opponents might find a way of working together with social progressives of the same ilk.
For Catholics, I suggest the following:
1. The theological model should be Benedicts Augustinian Deus Caritas Est not John Paul IIs Culture of Life v. Culture of Death. The culture of life v. culture of death language too easily feeds Manichean tendencies present deeply present in our culture.
2. The legal model on abortion and marriage issues should be Mary Ann Glendons Abortion and Divorce in Western Law. It also should be the rhetorical model. It is humane, gradualist, and more concerned with the role of law as a teacher than law as police officer. I quote my colleague Don Kommers's blurb on the back of my copy of the book:
This book is dynamite. It blows to bits the often-heard contention that compromise on abortion policy is impossible in a divided society. The experience of other nations equally sundered along religious and moral lines shows that it is possible to craft an abortion policy marked by compassion for pregnant women and respect for unborn life. The argument of this book is graceful, elegant and persuasive. One reason for its persuasiveness is the authors sympathy for the commitments and concerns of both sides for the abortion controversy. She appeals to their deepest convictions, as well as to the general values of American society, to show that somewhere between the extreme positions of abortion on demand and no abortion at all a sensible and sensitive policy favored by most Americans is to be found.
The book was written nearly twenty years ago. I am not sure that Professor Glendon still endorses its approach. But I think it is worth taking a second look at.
About the Author
Cathleen Kaveny is the Darald and Juliet Libby Professor in the Theology Department and Law School at Boston College.
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Ms. Kaveny,You just keep telling yourselves: "WE ARE GOOD." You misinterpret Deus caritas est if you don't think there were stringent judgments in it and that they reflected the current discourse on the culture of life versus the culture of death. Only liberal Catholics who, long ago, abandoned Church teachings in favor of accommodation with the secular barbarians could so easily tag faithful Catholics as Manichaeans. Yes, orthodox Catholics do think there is objective truth and that there are issues that are plainly right or wrong. That does not make us Manichaeans. You are also mistaken if you think that Pope Benedict, whether in Deus caritas est, or elsewhere, is going to compromise on, e.g., abortion policy. He is as committed as anyone to the rights of innocent life. There are no "sides" in the abortion controversy. There is only one side: that of truth. You already gave away your accommodationist hermeneutic when you refer to the fight for the life of Terri Schiavo as a: "violate settled principles of federalism." For your information, calling oneself Catholic is a privilege, not a right. And that privilege is accompanied by the obligation to adhere to Church teachings on life issues, in this case, euthanasia. And that trumps principles of federalism. The same goes for stem-cell research. Again, it is a question, if you choose to call yourself Catholic, of adherence to Catholic moral principles.Before you start calling Pope Benedict into your alliance, please read Deus caritas est again. Obviously, you didn't get the message the first time.
"There is only one side: that of truth." I'm afraid Janice's approach raises my fear that you can't have a rational conversation with self-proclaimed prophets.
Ms. Kaveny,You probably focused on Pope Benedict's discussion of love of God and neighbor. But remember what the Pope wrote: "In the gradual unfolding of this encounter, it is clearly revealed that love is not merely a sentiment. Sentiments come and go. A sentiment can be a marvellous first spark, but it is not the fullness of love (DCE, #18)."Too often, Commonweal Catholics see love only in terms of emotion and abandon the intellect and the will. Otherwise, how could they support contraception and abortion, same-sex marriage, dissent against Church teaching, etc.? Real love entails the subordination of one's own interests to those of others and this certainly does not happen when one advocates abortion or euthanasia or the break-up of the traditional family via same-sex marriage. Thinking with the Church is the conduit to true love of God [Idem velle atque idem nolle], but Commonweal Catholics spend their time dissenting from Church teaching, not attempting to discern the wisdom in it. You have substituted your own conclusions for the tradition of the Church and secular interests for those of faith. Neither falls under the category of love of God.
If you don't accept objective truth, how do you call yourself Catholic? That's what "there is only one truth" means.
Janice,If you won't engage in civil discourse, then please stop posting here.
I'm not sure about Cathleen Keveny's reading of the election results. Nonetheless, it's very easy to second the comments she makes about what sensible people, of course including Catholics, should avoid in their political practice.
"If what it takes to rid the world of Saddam is prevarication on WMDs, so be it. If what it takes to save Terri Schiavo is to violate settled principles of federalism, so be it. "Do you really think those two situations are at all analogous? And what "settled principle of federalism" do you mean? Federal courts hear cases involving state law all the time -- diversity cases, supplemental jurisdiction, etc. Sure, there may not originally have been a federal question in Schiavo's case, but once Congress got involved, there was, right? What principle of federalism says that Congress can't define the scope of federal question jurisdiction?
Mr. Gallicho,Catholicism is premised on the acceptance of objective truth, personified in Jesus Christ. That is what I meant. It is so stated in the Catechism. The Catechism presumes that those who call themselves Catholic accept this truth. That's all I was saying. I am sorry if you misinterpreted my words.
I just would like to point out that there is a library full of books and documents written by the doctors of the Church, past Popes, clergy, and theologians that examine, dissect, and discuss the interpretation of Church teachings in a quest for deeper understanding and revelation.This analysis and examination continues even today by Church leaders, recent Popes, the current Pope, and others who have made the study of the Word of God their life's work because the quest for deeper understanding and revelation of the eternal God is equally eternal.Perhaps they don't realize the objective truth of the Church's teachings can fit on flashcards and for every issue that can be raised there is one, and only one, possible answer easily pulled from the Catechism and applied without further discussion.Honestly, I don't know why they make it so complicated. Think of the tree lives that could have been saved had they known the simple, objective truth.
Nice try, Donna. However, thinking with the Church to explore the deeper meaning of the Scriptures and Church teaching does not mean continual dissent from Church teachings. That's the difference. Try reading Joseph Ratzinger sometime and see what thinking with the Church can produce. Then read Edward Schillebeeckx and see what continual dissent produces. Two very different things. No one said anything about flash cards or simplistic approaches. It's only dissenters who cannibalize the truth who make ersatz complications.
The Catechism is not a work of theology, Janice. But: As I was saying, if you cannot refrain from insulting others here, stop posting.
You are absolutely right, Janice and by no means am I advocating continual dissent from Church teachings.I am, however, suggesting that Church teachings on social and moral issues are in an ever evolving state because our human condition is constantly evolving. This is why the study of Church teachings and God's Word goes on and on and on.So neither am I advocating a rigid, unalterable application of Church teachings to every social and moral situation in every time of the world and under every circumstance.In short, there are gray areas. Try reading Frank Sheed sometime. He's really very good.
I am generally sympathetic but It seems to me that CK's posting itself tends to caricature and is more likely to inflame than persuade those who most need to be persuaded. Let me just comment on one point: Your rightly oppose "A Manichean world view: its Good v. Evil, the forces of light v. the forces of darkness. And by the way, WE are GOOD". The problem is that even those whom this description fits are not likely to recognize it as a fair description of what they are. And I am optimistic enough--this may only last for five minutes--to doubt that many people are really as stupid at this. Is this a fair comment?
This may seem quite trivial in view of some of the fury expressed above, but I would like to register a small protest at the use of "Manichee" as a term of abuse. The Manichee were a serious bunch of people raising serious questions about the nature of God and the world. (No, I don't accept their answers, I'm afraid my view of God is disappointingly Catholic.)Much as I admire Augustine, it's pretty clear he was in no shape emotionally to be fair to a lot of things he had outgrown, and, besides, use of the term takes us away from trying to understand the real origins of the tendency of some among us to divide the world into "good guys/bad guys," a tendency in my experience that is by no means limited to those I disagree with.
Since Janice has raised Pope Benedict's citation of Sallust's Catiline, a man with the morals of Saddam Hussein, I wonder if anyone else has asked if the source, which he specifically cites, is meant to ironize or undercut or create distance from his argument, or if he is just mentioning the most concise and memorable expression of a commonplace of ancient ethics?
Stuart, federal courts do hear state disputes as a matter of original jurisdiction in diversity cases (mostly), but they rarely do so in the context of upsetting the law of a case that has already been reviewed under state (or federal) law. If a collateral dispute (like an enforcement action) over a matter that had been resolved in state court came in front of a federal judge he or she would most likely consider the issues that had already been adjudicated subject to collateral estoppel and would not decide them again. And even more rarely do judges decide issues of state law because Congress has instructed them to hear a specific case that was subject to multiple state hearings, on an issue that is so traditionally a matter of state law (as family and custody disputes of all manner typically are). I worked for a federal judge. I can only guess that a fair proportion of the federal judges in Florida and on the Eleventh Circuit were affronted by even the concept that Congress could intervene in an individual dispute on such blatant terms, without enunciating a general principle of law that would apply to all similar cases. The Schiavo case was extraordinary in that regard.
When I read comments from folks who insist on an "all or nothing" approach to resolving serious disagreements, I am reminded of the old saw that a person who is "dead right" is still dead.Contrary to Janice's assertions, the Catholic Church is much more than a mere catechism. It has an intellectual tradition that has evolved over the years, and dissent is vital to a healthy institution whether it be the Church, a corporation, a government agency, a political party, or whatever. No one person or organization has a monopoly on truth.We can try to find common ground on which to take action, or we can maintain the status quo. Better half a loaf than none. Searching for common ground does not entail compromising one's fundamental beliefs. Rather, it involves acknowledging the inherent goodness of others with whom one disagrees and working together to find consensus, i.e., the kind of resolution/disagreement that all interested parties can live with.A "head in the clouds" approach simply won't work. And, of course, catechesis is not theology. Reactionary Catholics need to understand that their self-righteousness is a big "turn off" and will never advance the pro-life cause.
Is it a caricature? I honestly don't think so. If you read my Prophecy and Casuistry: Abortion, Torture, and Moral Discourse (Villanova Law Review), I think you'll find ample citations of the use of the culture of life v. culture of death rhetoric to demonize people who might disagree on strategy, or facts, but not ultimate moral principle. I have argued in an earlier column that people who don't think an individuated human life begins until after the possibility of twinning and recombination occurs -- people like Paul Ramsey -- shouldn't be viewed as the minions of the culture of death. Yet that is how Archbishop Burke presented that view in many public statements. Ironically, he put all his eggs in one basket: there are many good reasons to oppose stem cell research that don't depend on the status of the very early embryo, that are developed in the President's Council of Bioethics Report. On Terri Schiavo - do you really think in the heat of the case that there was room for a careful argument that 1) intentional killing is always wrong; 2) there is a presumption in favor of artificial nutrition and hydration; 3) this presumption can and should be overcome in this case, in light of the whole medical moral teaching on ordinary and extraordinary means. Was there room for careful, rational consideration of a situation which brought into play several strands of catholic teaching on medical moral issues? Was there room for the kind of discussion they had at Fordham--http://www.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/center_on_religion... think one of the reasons there wasn't much room was the overheated "culture of life" "culture of death " language. The Catholic right didn't see it as a dispute about how to apply a nuanced set of casuistical principles to highly specific circumstances.On the war-- I remember the Republicans denouncing any criticism of it as being unpatriotic.Think back to the last election. Those of us who were "hold your nose and vote for Kerry" voters -- for precisely the reasons that have come to fruition in this election, were told by our fellow Catholics that it was if we were voting for slave proponents or Nazis. Until he got his doctrine of cooperation with evil straight, Archbishop Chaput said it was a mortal sin. I honestly don't recall any Catholic saying it was a mortal sin to vote for Bush. I don't think you can argue rationally with prophets; rhetorically, it's an impossibility, because they are saying that you don't acknowledge the basic premises necessary for an uncorrupted conversation. But I think people who are tired of prophecy on the left and the right can work together.
The loose use "Manichean" is no worse than the similar dismissive use of "Byzantine" or for that matter "Mediaeval".One could probably compile a longer list.As for the morals of Catiline as portrayed by Sallust in his monograph, I don't know if he is quite in the class with Saddam Hussein. But be that as it may, I doubt that in quoting the tag "idem velle atque idem nolle ea demum firma amicitia est", which is in Catiline's mouth amounts to "what is good for me is good for you and what is bad for me is bad for you" , Benedict had any intention to ironize. Irony is not common in papal encyclicals. Can anyone come up with an example?
Cathy Kaveny,I did use the word "caricature" in speaking of the figure you characterized taken as a whole. But I have long despised the culture of life/culture of death phraseology. It combines opacity of concept with reprobative intent in a way that is designed to alarm rather than to inform, a style that is all too common in language of those who know their ideas, once dissected, cannot bear much scrutiny.
I wasn't going to get into the Terry Schiavo thing again. Anyone who knows me knows this is a very sore topic for me, but CK asked a good question."Was there room for careful, rational consideration of a situation which brought into play several strands of catholic teaching on medical moral issues?"Not only was there room for such careful, rational consideration, it actually took place!Read the testimony of Father Gerard Murphy:http://www6.miami.edu/ethics/schiavo/doc_files/Testimony_of_Father_Gerar... Murphy is a RC priest well schooled in theological and practical pastoral matters with a history of involvement in end of life issues. He has written and published material on the topic of the end of life with the full backing and sanction of the Church.Father Murphy gave a well reasoned, well educated opinion on Terry Schiavo way back January, 2000. His findings were deeply rooted in Church teachings on end of life and extraordinary means.Father Murphy had no problem with supporting the decision to remove the feeding tube at that time.And yet once the matter became public, once the gov't got involved, all of a sudden Father Murphy's knowledgeable assessment of the situation was buried. If you came in late on the story you would think the Church had only one way of looking at the end of life and that was to hang onto it for all you were worth at all costs because it would be UNTHINKABLE that anyone should seek to move into God's presence even if their skull was filled with nothing more than gray soup and a brain stem running on impulse power. Meanwhile, a thoughtful, compassionate priest who did his job thoroughly and with care was cast aside as though everything he said didn't amount to a hill of beans. This is what happens when people try to apply Church teachings with a "there's only one side" mentality.
If I'm wasting valuable time, Grant Gallico should feel free to shush me.But -- Manichee isn't really like "Medieval" or "Byzantine" (both of which, by the way, are commonly used in ways that are both ignorant and designed to forestall thought), it's more like "Jew" as I have heard it used as a verb. But the more important point is that it is not a useful analytic model for the division of the world into the right thinking/non right thinking or good/bad that is so prevalent in our thought.I guess I didn't mean that Benedict was being ironic (maybe I was indulging in wishful thinking that he was!) I was wondering, since his classical learning is massive and he referenced the source of the quote, if he didn't have some double sense in mind for those who are aware of the source -- like "even the genuinely evil are aware of the validity of this point." I would welcome instances of papal irony. Best I can think of is the guy that placed on the index an edition of Voltaire to which he had written the introduction in pre-papal days.I'm not too fond of the culture of life/culture of death dichotomy myself, mostly because of the vagueness and self-congratulation that seem to be involved in the "culture of life" part. But I did find some merit in the culture of death part as a criticism of much that is admired in our culture -- as an example the cool guys who exude an air of sexual accomplishment that is built on exploitation of their women and a determination to rely on abortion (on their demand) to maintain their image without the cost a child might bring. Not a challenge for me to avoid that lifestyle, but a challenge not to be impressed.
1) If we should put aside our Manichaean tendencies because of Tuesday's election, as this post argues, should we also keep them in readiness for the time when these electoral results are reversed? 2) I suspect there are many fans of Mary Ann Glendon. Is there the slightest chance the Democrats would allow her to be appointed to the federal bench?
Now that is a shock from Mary Ann Glendon. Heresy from one of the leaders of the "gang of four?"If we can give a litmus test I would say that if you always vote along party lines then you are not a thinking objective person. I voted for Reagan the first time because I thought Carter just lost it as president. I voted for D'amato in New York (again the first time) because I felt he at least listened to his constituents.After W I have so much more respect for his father that he resisted the idiots that his son accepted. There were nuances in this election but what was so reassuring was that the country rejected any official playing God. Again, what do you all think about this litmus test? I think it does tell us something.
Does Manichaieism, properly understood, really divide humanity into good guys versus bad guys? I was of the opinion, that it described a war going on within the heart of each human being.That aside, Wikipedia describes Augustine's critique of Manichaeism as follows:Augustine, who was a "hearer" of Manichaeanism for nine years, eventually criticised their beliefs that knowledge was the key to salvation as being too passive and not being able to effect any change in one's life.[Quoting Augustine]I still thought that it is not we who sin but some other nature that sins within us. It flattered my pride to think that I incurred no guilt and, when I did wrong, not to confess it... I preferred to excuse myself and blame this unknown thing which was in me but was not part of me. The truth, of course, was that it was all my own self, and my own impiety had divided me against myself. My sin was all the more incurable because I did not think myself a sinner. {End of Augustine Quote][End of Wikipedia quote]Seems like a pretty rational take to me.
The phrase: idem velle atque idem nolle, is also found in Seneca, Epistulae Morales XX, Sidonius Apollinaris, Ep. III. The entire quotation from Sallust is: Idem velle atque idem nolle, ea demum firma amicitia est. Benedict is not being ironic. He is citing a proverb with a long history. He is putting it here under the rubric of humanity conforming its own desires to those of God.
On Manicheanism and Augustinianism. I might as easily used the word dualism; I didn't mean to start a discussion of ancient religion, but I learned a lot from it.Augustine rejected the view that there were two independent substantive metaphysical and moral principles, good and evil. What he came to see, and I see this thought reflected in Deus Caritas Est, is that good is the only substantive metaphysical and moral principle -- God. Evil is a privatio boni; in the moral order, this issues in a disordering of loves. We love good things, but in the wrong order.If we see people on the other side of the abortion debate, or the same sex marriage debate (what ever side we're on) as fighting for real goods, but in a disordered way, this may make us less likely to demonize them.Not less likely to disagree with them, but less likely to demonize them.I see Benedict's Deus Caritas Est, with its focus on love, and the ordo amoris, as redirecting our attention to this Augustinian strand.I think both sides Democrats and Republicans are in principle capable of being dualist or Augustinian in their approach to the other side. I think the Republicans, as Peter Nixon has said, have been in power for a long time. And I think the rejection of them is a rejection of their way of doing this, not an embrace of the Democrats. I think for Catholics, this is more intense, since one group of Catholics associated themselves with the Republican party, but didn't allow a good faith difference of opnion about what was best for the common good). I am not saying we can't talk about moral issues. I would think citing Glendon and the Pope--hardly heterodox Catholics -- would suggest that. I think the question is how --with what animus and tone. I think there is an enormous difference in how we conduct our conversation if we see those who are our moral and political opponets as promoting evil in itself -- in a metaphycial sense --and I think the Culture of Life Culture of Death language tends, in popular use, to go that way --and seeing our opponts as engaged in a disordered willing of the good.So I agree with Joeseph Gannon's objection to the language of the culture of lfe culture of death. I think it needs to be actively resisted, because it was used to feed a divisive political strategy that I think (hope) Americans have rejected.We want, I think, compassionate conservatism, not combattive conservatism.
It should be kept in mind that when Nancy Pelosi, a devout Catholic, joins the pro-abortion industry and lobby in attacking pro-lifers as extremists, anti-woman, intolerant, etc., she is also referring to the Pope, bishops, and (gasp!) the editors of Commonweal and many of its readers.Still, it will be fun watching the bishops trouble Pelosi's "progressively enlightened" conscience over abortion. We should also remember that elections "settle" matters only until the next election. In 1994, the GOP won control of both houses of Congress. Two years later, the revolution seemed to be fizzling, and President Clinton was easily re-elected. So, yes, the Democrats won big this year. Will they repeat ther performance in 2008 and maybe take the presidency? To quote an old Asia song, "Only time will tell."
Cathy:Thanks for the clarification. It helped a lot.Nonetheless, I loved the Wikipedia quote from Augustine..
I agree with Gene O'Grady that the popular use of "Manichean" is inappropriate, but I do not see that the popular use "Mediaeval" and "Byzantine" is any less so. The latter two especially I think are misused not so much to end discussion as to impress the ignorant, whereas, ironically, they actually display ignorance.I think Augustine learned that no being as such was evil from the Platonists of his time. Certainly this view of evil as privation has pervaded Christian thought, both Eastern and Western. It would be unfortunate if anyone really needed to be reminded of this by Deus Caritas est. I do wish that Benedict had not said there was eros in God. I found that very odd. I would have thought that eros always implied a lack of something or a need for something,Perhaps Janice will explain. I am relieved that Janice as already explained to us that Benedict was not being ironic in quoting Sallust.
It's nice that Kaveny has been reading DailyKos, and other extreme leftists, and is attempting to correct their extreme dualism and demonization of the "other side."Oh...she's not?Could have fooled me.Oh, and CK - good luck with convincing NARAL, NOW and so on to buy into the Glendon approach. When I look at pro-life legislative efforts in this country, I see, you know...gradualism. Parental consent and notification, 24-hour waiting periods and so on. The SD referendum was an exception and not uncontroversial among pro-lifers. And tell me...are the abortion rights folks lined up in support of these gradual, cautionary steps? Would they be on board for a law that even approached the restrictions of most European law? Be honest. The opposition to that kind of thing is not coming from pro-lifers, but from abortion rights activists whom CK is apparently anxious to impress with her broad-mindedness. If she had any integrity, she'd acknowledge this, instead of continuing to shoot snotty, arrogant daggers at folks who are down there in the trenches helping pregnant women and their children, something CK gives no evidence at all of doing. The dualists, I suggest, are the people who, faced with the suggestion that a 13-year old girl's parents be notified if she is having surgery, race to the front of the crowd with signs of bloodied coathangers.
I don't really think anyone in the political framework, Republican or Democrat, is supportive of Glendon's approach. For all I know, Glendon herself isn't supportive of it any more. But I think it's the right approach, and I think, as Don Kommers said, you could get a lot of people to buy into it--not American Life Lobby or NARAL, but a lot of people. My vocation, as a scholar, is to call people's attention to academic writings I think will help. Maybe the Democrats are in a position to hear this. They have a second chance, and they need to move toward the middle on moral issues. I hope so. I am criticizing the conservatives, now, because they were in power for 12 years. And because I think they blew, big-time, the moral issues too -- by the extremism and their rhetoric.
Let me reiterate my agreement with the six guidelines or norms that Cathy sets forth forth in her Nov. 9 remarks concerning responsible political practice.But let me suggest that the ensuing postings concerning Manicheanism strike me as largely beside the point, if the point is indeed discuss how we should practice politics.Cathy sets the aristotelo-Thomistic view of evil as the outcome of a disordered love, as a privation of the appropriate good. This is an alternative to the Manichean claim that evil is the outcome of a struggle between two gods. That's all well and good. Both of them propose to say what evil is and how it comes about. Neither position really addresses the "theodicy" question, namely, why is there any actual evil? The manichean answer says that there's a fight. Why is therre a fight? Just because there are two different kinds of divinity. Not much of an answer to the fundamental why question. The Kaveny answer comes from an elaborate and highly developed reflection on metaphysics. It tells us what evil would be, if there is any evil. It does not tell us why god allows any actual evil.I bring up all this, because I believe it it a mistake to think that the point of political practice is, ideally, to abolish actual evil. As I see it the ultimate point of political practice is to secure the safety and hability of its society and its members.To flesh this out a bit, consider Max Weber's discussion of two different ethics, the ethics of ultimate ends and the ethics of responsibility. The ethics of ultimate ends is the ethics that consists of absolutes that an individual adopts and holds as inviolable, The ethics of responsibility consists of norms adopted by a society to allow its members, who hold a diversity of absolutes to co-exist harmoniously. This is the ethics of political practice. A good way to see what this practice consists in is to look back at the six "norms" that Cathy has proposed on Nov. 9.Now, as Weber saw, there some absolutes that at least some people are prepared to sacrifice everything for, including their own lives. Good politics should always endeavor to avoid forcing these people to be martyrs.To choose martyrdom is the prerogative of any individual, but no one has the right to inflict his or her own absolutes on another. To do that is tyrannical, not genuinely pollitical.Take, for example, the abortion question. Mry as an individual can hold that she is absolutely forbidden to have an abortion. If Mary becomes a political official, her position becomes more complicated. On the one hand, she certainly cannot support a law that would require any woman to have an abortion, say on "eugenic" grounds. But she can only rightly support a criminalization of any action or practice, including abortion, if it is not likely to so disrupt society that it endangers its habitability. And even if Mary is just a voter, she cannot rightly refuse to recognize the propriety of the basic requirement for political officials in non-tyrannical societies namely providing for the temporal well-being of their fellow citizens.Again, i think that talk about "Manicheanism,' vrai ou faux, is at best misleading when one is talking about politics.
Grace:I think Kaveny's got a point.Try reading Little Green Footballs as well and I'm sure you'll agree there's plenty of blame to go around as far as demonization goes.
For anyone interested in a summary of Glendon's critique of American abortion law, see the article by John Hagen, Jr. in the January 2-9, 2006 America. Thank you Prof. Kaveny for a stimulating post.
Barbara -- in general, you're absolutely right. Still, there are several areas where federal courts essentially review state decisions. Under Section 252(e)(6) of the 1996 Telecommunications Act, for example, federal district courts sit in appellate-style review of decisions from state public utility commissions, including on issues of state law. (This is my area of practice, by the way.) Federal courts hear habeas corpus petitions that, for all practical purposes, review the decisions of state courts. (This review is more limited after AEDPA, of course.) But of course, the federal Schiavo bill didn't even have anything to do with relitigation of state law claims -- it solely concerned jurisdiction to hear claims about the violation of the U.S. Constitution or the US Code. See http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/schiavo/bill31905.html . Thus, I don't see what is so sacrosanct about the principle that "federal courts should leave state decisions alone," even if those state decisions are called into question only insofar as they might have violated the U.S. Constitution or federal law. To the contrary, the U.S. Constitution contains a Supremacy Clause that guarantees that in any conflict between federal and state law, federal law wins. And I especially don't see what makes the Schiavo bill the equivalent of "prevarication." Prof. Kaveny hasn't defended this equivalence.
Stuart, I see two parallels. Generally, I think that using an unacceptable means to achieve the desired end is common in both cases.I also see the prevarication in the second case here: Congress pretended to do something that it couldn't do.To hear the case --to have time to hear the case -- the federal court had to order the feeding tube be reinserted. To put the feeding tube back in, the standards for a TRO had to be met -a temporary restraining order. One component of the standard was reasonable likelihood of success on the merits.Now, there just wasn't any real way to meet that standard, as federal judges up and down the line found. The statutory schema adopted by Florida incorporated all federal substantive rights here. In Cruzan, the S.Ct. assumed but didn't decide that the incompetent patient can refuse ANH through a surrogate decision maker. One could also say that federal law requires there had to certain procedural safeguards in place to insure against bias, etc. Now, whatever else you say about Shiavo, it was heavily, heavily litigated. So it was hard to say that there was any kind of procedural violation. So, I think, assuming that there were good lawyers who know the TRO standards available to them, Congress did something pretty sneaky: It sent ithe case to the Federal District Court (making itself look good to those agitating for it to do something. but it knew that the TRO standards would mean that the Federal District Court wouldn't intervene.Cathy
This may be beside the point, but I was intrigued enough to look up Janice's reference to Seneca, Ep. Mor. 20.5. What he offers is a definition of wisdom: "Quid est sapientia? semper idem uelle atque idem nolle." He prudently adds: "Non potest...cuiquam idem semper placere nisi rectum." In other words one can only will anything with perfect constancy if what one wills is the right. There is a verbal resemblance to the words Sallust attributes to Catiline, but verbal only. Catiline's amoral definition of firm friendship is quite other than Seneca's definition of wisdom.
Of course there are several instances where federal courts review state decisions. That wasn't what the Schaivo bill did. The Schaivo bill only applied to one person--It extended federal jurisdiction to a matter that had been finally ruled on by state courts. To extend Mr. Buck's example, this bill would be equivalent to the loser in one of his utilities cases going to Congress and obtaining a special bill to reverse the result only in that case. The patent unfairness of this attempted end run is obvious.I'm pretty sure that such an event has never happened in any of his matters. I have never heard of any similar congressional action in all my years in practice. The Schaivo bill is the civil equivalent of a bill of attainder. It can only lead every bad results. The Schaivo bill stands for the proposition that those who are wealthy or influential enough can reverse adverse court decisions through lobbying their congressmen.Thankfully, the violent negative reaction to this stunt and the sound legal rulings by the federal courts will greatly reduce any future attempts to sabotage the legal system.Prevarication--certainly. What is sacrosanct about leaving state court decisions alone is the value of finality. There is a fundamental difference between direct or indirect appeals from state courts to federal courts, on one hand, and an ex post facto private bill attempting to reverse the result of a state court's final decision, on the other.The first is routine, the second is unprecedented.,


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Conference Name: New Music Ensemble Capital Region Tour
In the 21st Century, improvisation is found now more than ever in Classical Music. For musicians to be the most marketable and employable they can be, they must be familiar and comfortable with improvising. This workshop will introduce, through discussion and performance, examples of 21st Century classical music where a variety of improvisational skills are called for from the musicians.
November 8: Shenandoah University Conservatory, Winchester, Virginia Meetings with students and faculty, post-concert discussion, performance. November 9: Mobtown Modern Music Series, Baltimore, Maryland Pre-concert discussion, performance November 10: Atlas Performing Arts Center, Washington, DC Pre-concert discussion, performance November 12: Settlement Music School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Present a workshop entitled "Improvisation in 21st Century Classical Music", performance


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I am always pleased to find recipes for foods I like but can serve in different ways. I am a huge cauliflower and broccoli and cabbage eater. I have at least one of these each day if not more. The roasted parmesan idea was wonderful. I loved the taste and have given other people a sample and they loved it too. I was so happy when I found the recipe for making "mashed potatoes" that were really cauliflower. Now I have a third variation and pleaser. I also have some on hand when I read, watch t.v. or a dvd.. It helps to not have the fats and the salt or other snacks.
Balsamic & Parmesan Roasted Cauliflower
From EatingWell: January/February 2008
Roasting isn't usually the first cooking method you think of for cauliflower but the results are quite delicious. The florets are cut into thick slices and tossed with extra-virgin olive oil and herbs. Wherever the flat surfaces come into contact with the hot roasting pan, a deep browning occurs that results in a sweet, nutty flavor.
109 Reviews for Balsamic & Parmesan Roasted Cauliflower
I will not make this again. As a matter of fact, I am getting very discouraged by the recipes on this site. I have only made one thing that I really like.
I just made this today after finding this recipe on Pinterest, and I loved it. I usually buy a big head of cauliflower every couple weeks, but most of the time it goes bad by the time I remember that it's in our fridge! With this recipe, I won't have a problem using a whole head of cauliflower every week!
Instead of putting parmesan on all of it, I did half with nutritional yeast seasoning because there are two vegans in my family, but I really think I liked it better with the nutritional yeast myself! Very cheesy flavored and delicious.
Delicious, easy to fix and gets lots of compliments. I have fixed this recipe twice and love the results. The second time it was for a party and I fixed a double recipe...it disappeared even though many other dishes were left half eaten. I do add a little more olive oil...maybe an extra Tablespoon.
I would add the balsamic to the mixture next time. It is good but for more of a side dish and not as a dinner meal.


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Distant Shores Body Scrub£10.00 Write a review
An uplifting exfoliating scrub blended with grapefruit, lemon and orange peel oils that leave skin feeling polished and moisturised. A delightful mix of mango and passion fruit extracts leaves skin soft, radiant and sensual.
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Yoga Gear 101
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Military News App by Military.com
Download the new Military.com News App for Android on Google Play or for Apple devices on iTunes!
Meg Ryan's got nothin' on me. When I fake a holidaygasm, I can easily fool an entire restaurant full of strangers that I have reached angels-we-have-heard-on-high. Apparently, I can also fool every family member, friend and neighbor in a 30-mile radius.
I am just that good.
I found this out last week when I wrote that the loneliest day of a military marriage is the day you deliver a baby while your servicemember is deployed. The second loneliest day is Christmas Day during a deployment.
"But that wasn't you, Mom, right?" my daughter asked after reading it. "You were never like that."
I stared at the girl. She was present for three out of four of our family's deployment Christmases. Surely she recognizes I was faking my holiday spirit most of the time her dad was gone?
She was the 7-year-old in the flannel nightie who came padding into my room when she heard me sobbing with loneliness into my pillow. She was the one who witnessed me pregnant and cursing over luggage and carseats and gifts and a vomiting dog in the minivan. Just two years ago, she was the one who noted, "Wow, the present opening went so fast this year, didn't it?"
That's because Mommy was rushing it, Honey. Yes, I wanted us to have a Christmas. I always want us to have a Christmas. It is just that I secretly want the day itself to be over without looking like I want it to be over. Christmas isn't Christmas without my husband in it.
So I faked it. Just like Meg Ryan's famous scene in When Harry Met Sally, I faked the whole holiday spirit thing. I did the presents and the school concerts and the church services and the tree decorating and the holiday travel and the care packages because they had to be done.
I fielded the calls from my deployed sailor with all the love and care and devotion I could put into my voice because that is what he needed. I never want him to need anything.
On Jan. 2nd of every deployment, I enthused to my neighbors about what a lovely holiday it had been. And I danced a private little jig as I dragged the tree to the curb.
My husband says that I am in good company while faking my Holidaygasm. He says that on deployment, Christmas Eve is an empty time where you are glad if you have some work to fill the hours. Christmas Day is a time of faking it, of giving the holiday 'the ol' college try.' Where you put a smile on your face and partake in the special holiday meal and participate in whatever game they have going because that is what is best for everyone around you.
The thing about faking it is that it does tend to make the people around you happier. However, it does not make you particularly happy.
That's OK with me during a Christmas deployment. Some situations simply do not have a lot of happiness on offer. Yet I've always found that faking it works. Faking it puts me in the way of happiness. It has me in the right place at the right time to catch any stray flakes of happiness floating down upon me.
If you are doing a deployment over the holidays this year, all of us at Military.com wish you and your servicemember the absolute best. There will be another Christmas next year, and it will surely be the real thing all the way.
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|Family and Spouse
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Jacey Eckhart is the former Director of Spouse and Family Programs at Military.com and a military sociologist. Since 1996, Eckhart's take on military families has been featured in her syndicated column, her book The Homefront Club, and her award winning CDs These Boots and I Married a Spartan??
Most recently she has been featured as a military family subject matter expert on NBC Dateline, CBS morning news, CNN, NPR and the New York Times. Eckhart is an Air Force brat, a Navy wife and an Army mom.


text: DreamWorks is going to be coming out with another film this year in November. I already uploaded one of the characters from the film that was going to be one of the four heroes of the movie. It was Jack Frost, and he is one of the main figures from the movie Rise of the Guardians. Today I will be showing you "how to draw Pitch", step by step. He is the main villain, and he is being voiced by Jude Law. Pitch is also known as the 'Boogeyman' and as you know he is evil just like the Boogeyman we believe in. He is the monster that hides under our beds, and he is also one of the reasons why boys and girls are afraid of the dark. Pitch's main goal in the movie is to get revenge on the Guardians for being always loved by parents and children. For years and years parents have been telling their children that there is no such thing as the Boogeyman. Now it is his turn to stir up turmoil and bring terror and fear to all with the help from his sinister army of nightmares. He was really fun to recreate so I know that you guys will have fun drawing Pitch too. Have fun with this lesson guys and remember to rate and or comment. Peace out folks and enjoy!


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To ensure you get a lifetime of enjoyment and satisfaction from your drums and percussion instruments, you need to take proper care of them, both on and off the stage. On today's market, there isn't any shortage of drum and percussion cases, gig bags and covers, all of which are designed and crafted by experienced professionals. You don't have to be a touring musician to justify the purchase of drum cases, gig bags and covers. For example, your drums may never leave the garage or basement, but that doesn't mean your cymbals are protected from grime in the grooves, or that your drum hardware is sheltered from oxidation. These are problems that can easily be avoided with proper storage and maintenance.
From SKB and Gator to Zildjian and Nomad, there's a wide array of cases, gig bags and covers available for your drum and percussion instruments. The Gator GP-Standard-100 5-piece standard drum bag set is lightweight, high in quality, and will provide all the protection your drums need at a more than affordable price. For cymbals, look no further than the Zildjian Gig Cymbal bag. Equipped with a D Hook for the attachment of a stick bag, along with padded shoulder straps, this knapsack-style bag can handle cymbals up to 22'' in the main compartment with 3 dividers. Drums and percussion instruments are a big investment. But that's not the only reason they should be properly taken care of. If your drums are not functioning to the best of their capabilities, then neither are you. For novice players and students, this is especially important, for they may never unlock their highest level of potential on gear that doesn't allow them to. In short, there is no reason to not give your gear the love and care it deserves. You won't regret it.
Our product catalog varies by country due to manufacturer restrictions. If you change the Ship-To country, some or all of the items in your cart may not ship to the new destination.


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Daily Beast - Paul Begala: Drug testing for Congressmen, a modest proposal in response to an obnoxious one
During the 2012 GOP primaries, I was one of many who wondered what kind of happy pills might explain his bizarre speech before a New Hampshire think tank—not to mention Perry's epic brain freeze during a debate (now known by the shorthand "the Oops Moment").
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News and Events Archives
Wednesday, June 14, 2006
(KANSAS CITY, Mo.)-Columbia College-Kansas City has recently moved into a 4,713-square-foot facility located in Suite 400 of the Blue Ridge Tower, 4240 Blue Ridge Blvd.
In addition to classrooms, the space includes academic and administrative offices, a computer lab, testing center, faculty preparation room, student lounge and vending area.
"We are pleased to begin serving students from our new facility," said Bob Jones, campus director. "The new location, additional classroom space and enhanced technology allow us to better meet the higher education needs of Kansas City students."
Columbia College-Kansas City offers eight-week on-campus and online classes. The accelerated format is ideal for working adults who balance work, family and school commitments. Students can pursue associate and bachelor's degrees in business administration, criminal justice administration, fire service administration, history, interdisciplinary studies, psychology, sociology and American studies.
Columbia College-Kansas City was established in 1988 in Blue Springs. Today, it continues to serve working adults and military students in the Kansas City area.
Columbia College serves nearly 25,000 students each year at its Day Campus, Online Campus, Graduate Studies Program and 32 Nationwide Campuses.


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1.7 fl. oz.
As a creamy floral, Belara® Eau de Parfum is a perfectly balanced, sheer fragrance with an invigorating blend of luminous florals and creamy warm notes.
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"You search for today's challenges with an eye on tomorrow's achievements." For the professional, realistic, passionate, bold, confident and motivated woman. She knows what her goals are and how to achieve them. She seeks life's challenges. She knows how to play up her strengths.
The skin is warmer on the pulse points – neck, wrist, bend of arm and back of knee – which helps the fragrance to evolve and provide a better sensory experience. So spritz, spray, splash or dab your fragrance onto these areas.
The scent of a fragrance can change throughout the day. This is because different ingredients come into play at various stages of the fragrance's life on the skin. Perfumers distinguish between the various stages in three ways:
These notes introduce the fragrance and can last up to 15 minutes.
Also known as the heart of the fragrance, the middle notes unfold and develop a few minutes after the perfume is applied to the skin. They appear after the top notes disappear and can last throughout the whole fragrance experience.
These create the final impression and also the most lasting. They can last several hours after the fragrance is applied.
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Plans for the second annual Home and Garden Expo are underway. The event is set for 3 until 8 p.m. Friday, April 26 and 9 a.m. until 4 p.m. Saturday, April 27.
The event will once again be held in the White County Floral Hall. Last year,several vendors were included both indoors as well as outdoors to display their products and services to area residents. The expo also includes food vendors, exhibitor giveaways and on location radio broadcasts from WROY/WRUL radio station in Carmi.
The event, which is cosponsored by WROY/WRUL the the Carmi Chamber of Commerce, drew vendors from several counties in the region as well as White County businesses. JC Tinsley, station manager and director at the Chamber, says he hopes the event will expand in its second year of operation in 2013.
"Last year's first ever Home and Garden Expo was a much bigger success than even I envisioned," said Tinsley in a recent release. "We've moved the date up a couple of weeks because last year, we competed with Mother's Day weekend and the Carmi Summer Recreational League baseball opening. But even so, we had a fantastic turnout."
Tinsley also noted that space is limited so those businesses wishing to get involved in this year's event should reserve a spot early to ensure they are included in the Expo. Several different sizes of booth space are available upon request. The areas can include electricity if needed. The facility also offers eight-foot tables and two chairs available for rent for an additional charge.
For more information or to reserve a space for the Expo, contact Tinsley at 382-4161.
Location, ST | website.com


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Is there anyway I can make OpenGL ES 2.0 to accept coordinates (for
Vextex for example) in
int meaning the pixels instead of the default
float system? Also how can I set the point
(0,0) to be at the top left corner of screen instead of the default one at the exact middle of the screen (to make using the pixel coordinates system easier)?
Is there anyway I can make OpenGL ES 2.0 to accept coordinates (for
If you are making a 2D style game, you can use, for example a 320x480 screen coordinates in your code, and then, in your vertex shader, you need to transform them into OpenGL ES coordinates.
I recommend you to use a MVP matrix, for all your vertex operations, but for a naive implementation of an orthographic 2D projection, you can do it manually as follows:
This vertex shader puts the screen coordinates origin at the top-left corner. And transform your coordinates from 320 x 480. From here, replace the 320 and 480 values as you need.
The orthographic projection matrix is shown here: http://gamedev.stackexchange.com/a/4312/3020
I don't think you can use int's when you're sending your data through the shaders. And if so, you shouldn't. The GPU is designed to fast process floats in parallel so try to stick with that if possible.
For the second question you should read up a little on how the projection of a 3d scene works when it gets projected onto the "view" or screen as mentioned here: http://stackoverflow.com/a/6150298/341358
I'm assuming you are trying to draw in a 2D system. Your best bet is to use an orthographic projection by calling
or the equivalent function for the matrix creation functions/helpers you are using. This way, you can specify your coordinates relative to the screen, and if your screen resolution is 800x600 you can use
to get a transformation matrix that will let you specify your coordinates in pixel values and with the origin in the top left corner.


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Top 10 Indulgent Holiday Gifts for Teachers
6 of 11
Faux Fur Slippers
After standing at the chalkboard all day, most teachers go home and kick off their shoes to relax for a bit. Offer something comfy for your teacher to slip on her feet, such as these fuzzy slippers available in five colors from Restoration Hardware.
Price: $24.00


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The Neighborhood
From Noisebridge
Revision as of 18:10, 24 February 2010 by SpammerHellDontDelete (Talk | contribs)
What's in the neighborhood around 2169 Mission?
A tiny place, maybe six or eight seats at the counter, that's it. Almost as many Burmese grandmothers working behind the counter. Some of the food is great. Rubin's favorite: #10, Mango Chicken, $5.25 (and maybe a coconut for $2.50).
- 3406 18th St (between Mission St & San Carlos St) Map
- (415) 553-8911
- Mon-Thu. 10:30 a.m. - 9:30 p.m.
- Fri-Sat. 10:30 a.m. - 10:00 p.m.
- Menu
- Yelp
On South Van Ness and 18th, good burgers and fries.
Organic Japanese, is across the street on Mission street. Vegan friendly.
Weird Fish
Almost directly below 2169 on the corner of 18th and Mission Street. Vegan friendly.
El Herradero
Good cheap mexican, on mission just south of 18th.
A few doors away on Mission, on 16th between Mission and Valencia, and on Valencia between 16th and 17th.
Hardware and Related
- Lasts Paints Not a good range of supplies, but two doors away.