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How to Set Up Gears in a Mopar Rear EndWritten by on August 1, 2003 There is a certain amount ofmystery in setting up a set of gears, but with a little time and care, acapable enthusiast can roll his or her own.
One of the most appealing things about a Mopar 8 3/4 rear, besides itsruggedness, is the drop-out center-section. With this design, ratiochanges can be made with relative ease and speed. And, setting up afresh gearset can be done on the bench rather than under the car. It'snot uncommon for Mopar fans to have a couple of extra sets of gears,packing away the hardware for the task at hand. Centersections for 83/4rears are available ready to go from the many rebuilders andwholesalers, but with a little know-how, you can build your own from ajunkyard core and the required parts. There is a certain amount ofmystery in setting up a set of gears, but with a little time and care, acapable enthusiast can roll his or her own.
The first hurdle in tackling such a job at home is the seemingly endlesslist of special tools for the job. These items add up to an investmentfar greater than the average Joe can justify when putting a gearset ortwo together every other year. While lacking a boatload of professionaltools won't stop a successful rear-gear build, it may slow you down.Other than a dial indicator to set the gear lash and an inch-poundtorque wrench to check the bearing preload, it can be done with just thebasics. In fact, we've known guys with the magic touch who can set thelash and bearing preload by feeling it. Here's the basic rundown of whatneeds to be done.
Getting Loaded
The pinion gear rides on bearings placed at each end of its shaft and istightened into the case by the pinion nut. Between the two bearings is aspacer that sets the minimum distance allowed between the bearings,acting as a stop to keep the pinion nut from crushing the bearings as itis tightened. Early 742 case rears used a solid spacer and shimarrangement, which is simple to understand. Tightening the nut increasesthe pressure applied between the bearings and the races until thebearings come to a positive stop against the spacer. By allowing thespacer length to adjust via added shims, the effective length of thespacer can be set to stop the bearings where they are preloadedcorrectly against the inner bearing races. This is the bearing preload.By placing an inch-pound torque wrench on the pinion nut--after it istightened--and turning the nut, the torque wrench measures theresistance the bearing is subjected to. If the preload (inch-poundnumber) is too high, adding the appropriate shim will back them awayfrom the races, lessening preload. If the pinion is too loose, removingsome shim will allow them to bear more tightly into the races,increasing preload. To determine the required shim thickness, the pinionmay need to be removed and installed a few times until it's correct, butthe procedure is pretty simple.
The 489 case centersections that came later did away with the spacer andused a crush sleeve instead. Think of the crush sleeve as a variablespacer. As the pinion nut is torqued to spec, the crush sleevecollapses. Tightening the nut allows the crush sleeve to compress enoughto let the bearings press against their races with the required preload,measured in the same way as the above spacer. The trick is to stoptightening when the required preload is reached. Problems arise if thecrush sleeve is compressed too much, allowing too much preload. Backingthe nut off will relieve pressure, but the crush sleeve is compressedand will not expand. A crush sleeve is designed for one-time use, andeven removing and installing a new yoke can throw off the tension.What's worse is crush sleeves have been known to lose tension underextreme abuse, causing the pinion nut to lose its torque, which leads tothe pinion flopping around like a fish out of water, trashing a set ofgears. Fortunately, aftermarket shim-adjusted spacers are readilyavailable for the 489 case--an upgrade we strongly recommend.
Pinion Depth
This is the most difficult portion of a do-it-yourself gear change.Gears are designed to mesh at a precise distance between the ring gearand pinion gear, and small production variations in gear-casedimensions, or the gears themselves, can throw the alignment off. Thering gear rides on the centerline of its bearings, so the position ofthe pinion in the case is designed to be adjustable. Behind the largebearing at the gear end of the pinion, a shim (or shims) sets the exactposition of the pinion gear in the case. More shim brings the piniongear closer to the ring gear, while less allows it to sit deeper in thecase. Only when it is at the right height will the gear mesh show thecorrect pattern (assuming the backlash is at spec--more on that later).To determine if the pinion height is correct, specialized pinion-settingtools are used. Unfortunately, not many of us can justify this equipmentto do an occasional rear project every few years. If the same gearset isgoing back into the same case with the same bearings, no problem, butthe more things are changed, the more likely the shim thickness willneed adjustment.
Like we said, only the correct pinion height will provide the correctgear pattern. We can set up the gears, look at the pattern, and see ifit is right. If you get it right on the first try, great--it's yourlucky day, and it's done. If not, the pattern tells us which way thepinion needs to move to get it right. The pattern shown on the ring gearwill show which way the pinion needs to go, but not how much. Now itcomes down to disassembling the gearset, making a shim change, puttingit back together, and checking it again. It may take a few rounds ofdisassembly, but this is guaranteed to zero-in on the correct pinionheight. It's a trial-and-error process that takes time, but in the end,a perfect pattern shows that the gear setup is correct, no less so thanif done with a setting tool. Taking this approach virtually requiresthat a crush sleeve isn't used during trial fitment since the rear mayneed to be assembled a few times before it's exactly right. The bestplace to start is a trial with the original amount of shim behind thepinion bearing, and then trial assembly and checking from there. Ifstarting from a bare case, .030 inch is an average amount of shim.
Ring Gear Backlash and Preload
Although it seems we're dealing with two topics, backlash and preloadare set at the same time and are related. The ring-gear carrier(differential) rides on bearings at both ends. Their races float in thehousing bore, and threaded adjusters bear on the outside of the races ateach side to set their position. Like the pinion bearings, thedifferential bearings need preload, which is set by the adjusters.Tighten them toward each other, and the bearings will be squeezedtogether against their races, giving preload. Turning the adjustersrequires a spanner wrench--a reasonably priced tool.
Backlash is the play between the ring and pinion--the slop felt when thering gear is rocked back and forth with the pinion held so it's notmoveable. This free-play is required and must come in at correctspecifications. Measuring backlash is simple: Rig a dial indicatoragainst one of the teeth in the ring gear, and rock the ring to see howmuch free-play is recorded. Moving the ring closer to or farther fromthe pinion changes the backlash. The adjusters provide for theside-to-side travel, working the ring gear over to the correct backlashwith a spanner wrench, while at the same time cranking up the preloadgood and tight. The photo captions go into more detail.
So that's it--four adjustments to nail down, and that 83/4 rear can beset up like a pro. Really, the only trick part is homing in on thecorrect pinion-depth setting. With the rest, it is pretty easy to tellwhen it's right while the adjustments are being made. Not such adaunting task once it's all broken down, is it?
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
Although it's about as useful as a one-legged man in a kicking contest,we had this 4.10-geared, 489-case centersection with an opendifferential just lying around. The gearset was pulled from one of theMopars that passed through our hands over the years, and though the lowratio offered the potential for strip performance, the lack of alimited-slip differential negated the dig offered by the ratio.Dismantling an 8 3/4 centersection is fairly easy to do. Begin byremoving the adjuster-lock tabs at each bearing cap, loosening the maincap bolts and then backing off the adjusters at each side of thebearings with a suitable spanner wrench. We use a simple homemadespanner tool fashioned from a length of bar stock with a pair ofhardened 1/4-inch bolts welded to the end to engage the drive slots inthe adjuster.With the adjusters extracted, remove the main cap bolts and caps; thering gear and differential assembly can then be lifted from the case.The ring gear will need to come off the old open differential if thesame gearset is being re-used. The attachment bolts are left-handthread.The ring gear is a light-to-tight press fit over the register edge ofthe differential carrier, so it usually takes a little persuasion to getit off. A few taps around with a copper mallet had ours free.For the 8 3/4, limited-slip differentials are available from a varietyof sources and in a variety of styles, including original andreplacement Sure-Grips, lockers, and even spools. We happened to have adecent looking cone-clutch Sure-Grip on our shelf, begging to be matedto our gears.Cone-style Sure-Grips are worn out when the cone clutches bottom-out inthe case. To inspect this unit, the differential was dismantled and thenreassembled with some clay at the clutch-cone ends to gauge theremaining clearance. We found .060 inch, which indicated plenty ofservice life left. If the clearance is near or at zero, the clutcheswon't grab, and the limited-slip function will not work. Machining thecone ends and adding spacer shims behind the side gears can breathe newlife into a worn cone-clutch Sure-Grip.With the inspection passed, our used Sure-Grip was simply cleaned andreassembled with gear oil as assembly lube.
The bearings simply press onto the differential. We used a pressing toolthat bears on the inner race of the bearing. Pressing on the outerbasket will ruin the bearing.Although we reused the same gear set, the pinion gear was removed tochange the pinion bearings and clean everything up. Step one afterreassembly was to drive in the new bearing races using a socket as adriver.Since our pinion was being reused in the same case, we didn't change thepinion shim, which sets the pinion depth, a critical spec for propergear mesh. The shims slip between the pinion gear and the bearing beforethe bearing is pressed on. Required pinion depth is easily checked, butonly if the elaborate set of special tools required is on hand. Withoutthese tools, some trial and error is needed. It's best to just set upthe gears with the same shim that came out and then check thegear-contact pattern after the rear is assembled. The contact patternwill reveal if the pinion depth is off and needs adjustment.As stated, setting up gears without the special tools for measuringpinion depth generally requires a full assembly and then a check of thegear-mesh pattern to determine if the pinion depth is correct. If thepattern shows the gear mesh is off, the gears will need to be removed tochange the pinion shim. That is why the crush sleeve is not installeduntil final assembly. In final assembly of a 489 case like ours, a newcrush sleeve is positioned on the pinion, and the pinion nut is torquedto collapse the crush sleeve until the preload on the bearings resultsin a turning torque within specs. Since the crush sleeve cannot bereused, if the pinion depth is off, installing a crush sleeve on initialassembly will ruin it. It is common practice to leave it out during themock-assembly stage and simply tighten the pinion nut to reach thespecified turning torque. Once the correct shim is confirmed by thegear-mesh pattern, tear the rear down to install the crush sleeve, anddo the job all over again. To prevent the pinion from turning whiletorqueing the pinion nut, we used this homemade pinion flange holderthat bolts to the yoke.In lieu of the crush sleeve, a solid spacer can be substituted into a489 case, which is the better way to go for several reasons: The solidspacer holds its dimension better under high-load use; it can be reusedmultiple times; and it allows the drive yoke to be removed and replacedwithout the possibility of altering the gear setup. Most importantly,though, the solid spacer can be installed normally during the trialassembly, and if the mesh pattern checks out, you're done. The spacer(right) from Randy's fits in place of the stock crush sleeve (left), anduses shims to fine tune the distance between the inner and outerbearings. This provides the required preload on the bearings when thepinion is installed. A good baseline setting for the spacer can beestimated by measuring the length of the old, used crush sleeve andadding shims to the spacer to match. Install the pinion and tighten thenut to specs. The tuning torque should measure between 14 and 19 in-lbfor new bearings, or between 6 and 10 in-lb if the old bearings arebeing reused, as measured with a beam-type inch-pound torque wrench. Ifit's too tight, add shim; if it's too loose, take some shim out.With the pinion side of the equation in place, the differential andring-gear installation is next. Place the differential into positionwith the bearing races in place, and loosely install the bearing caps.Thread in the adjusters, making sure the threads are lubed and theyaren't cross-threaded, and run them in until they square up the bearingraces. Make sure excessive play is taken out of the bearings, and rockthe ring gear to make sure the ring isn't binding against the piniongear.Fully torque one bearing-cap bolt on each cap, while snugging down theother. Turn the adjusters in until there is a small amount of preload.At the same time, keep a noticeable amount of backlash in the gears. Youcan feel the adjuster tighten and remove any bearing play. Starting witha large amount of backlash, turn the left adjuster (opposite side of thegear teeth) as tight as you can, pulling on a 12-inch long spannerwrench. Tighten the right-side adjuster to make sure it's tight, andthen measure the backlash. Randy's Ring and Pinion recommends .006-.010inch of final backlash, easily checked with a dial indicator. Backlashshould be checked at four different positions by rotating the ring andpinion. If the backlash is too wide, back the right (ring-tooth side)adjuster off a notch, and then bring the left back in to full preload.Again, wrench the right adjuster to make sure it's tight, and recheck.Work the ring gear toward the pinion in this manner until the backlashis within specs. Once the backlash is set, torque the remaining main-capbolt on each cap.Use gear-marking compound to check the meshing pattern of the gears (seechart on page 37). This will establish a visual reference of thegear-mating pattern. If the backlash and bearing preload are correct,the only thing that can cause a poor pattern is an improper pinion-depthsetting. This means a full teardown to remove the pinion and change theshim. If you get a good pattern, throw it in the housing.
The axleshafts should slide out of the housing with little trouble. Ifthey stick, loosely bolt a reversed brake drum onto the wheel studs toact as a slide hammer.At this point, the centersection can be unbolted and removed. Have adrain pan in position to catch a serious load of oil once the seal tothe housing is broken. If it sticks, a floor jack under the yoke willusually break it free.We used a bead of silicone to provide the seal, balanced the case on afloor jack, and shoved our "fresh" 4.10-geared Sure Grip center intoplace in our Duster. All that was left was to replace the axles, fill itwith lube, and enjoy the punch of gear reduction laying torque to bothwheels.


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I have a wall light that has 18 gauge wire. I want to hard wire this lamp in and put it on a dimmer switch that calls for 14-2 or 12-2 wire. Can this be done? I tried to hook it up but it keeps tripping the breaker.
After a comment I think I understand your question more clearly.
Firstly, if there is 18 gauge wiring in your house then this is likely not to code and you might consider having an electrician take a look. Too small of a conductor can be a fire hazard! Lets hope you are referring to the fixture wiring.
With regards to cabel labeling, the -2 just refers to how many conductors are in the cable (14-2 actually has 3 - a hot, neutral and ground. A 14-3 has 2 hots, neutral and ground).
Assuming the dimmer is rated for the load of the light, you can use the dimmer with the smaller conductor. Just be sure to use the screw terminals and not the push-in terminals (if it has these) as they will not hold the smaller conductor.
If the breaker is tripping it means you miswired it; likely you have shorted the hot to the neutral. You want the dimmer to be in-line with the hot and not across both wires. If you are in North America, the hot side of the plug is the smaller of the holes.
Some electronic dimmers also have a neutral on them so they can be powered independently of the light.
Where is the dimmer going to be located? Both the fixture and dimmer should be in junction boxes of some type and fed with either 14 or 12 AWG wire depending on the breaker/fuse capacity. The fixture is then wirenuted to the house wire in a box behind the fixture. The only place 18AWG wire should be located is in j-box the fixture is mounted to.
Did I miss something in the question??????

subset: commoncrawl


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Originally released in 2004, EPCOT Network Nodes now include large sizes plus all new icons and a custom Dock.
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I've used several recipes for making pizza dough, most recently one from Delfina Pizza. My issue is that regardless of the recipe I use it is very difficult to work the dough into the pizza crust. It is usually very sticky and it tears too easily. I'm working on how to make the dough easier to work with, any ideas?
That's just a bad pizza base recipe.
My family recipe is totally different. Not sure if I can post recipes here, but anyway here's a link to something similar http://www.recipepizza.com/doughs/pizza_dough.htm
You can use sugar or honey, it's just food for the yeast. You can use 2 or 3 times more olive oil to make a smother dough
Some extra tips:
The flour/water ratio in the recipe you quote seems off. The "normal" bread ratio, which includes pizza, is 5 to 3 by weight. Your recipe has less than 17 ounces of liquid so the flour should be 28 ounces or less...2 ounces may not seem like much but it can make a huge difference. And, of course, I don't know that you weighed it. If you went with 6 cups, well, who KNOWS how much flour you really used.
Ratios, particularly in bread making, are your friend. It makes it easy to scale the recipe (that's a LOT of pizza dough in that recipe), so you can throw together a pizza for a couple of people pretty quickly, just starting with a cup of water, and adding the 8 (oz) * 5/3 (oz) of flour or 13 1/3 ounces. Salt and yeast and you have a dough.
A couple of other thoughts. Good pizza dough IS sticky, at least a little bit. If it isn't, then it's too dry and will be heavy. And kneading the dough will make it less sticky as time goes on. If you kneaded it for the time mentioned in the recipe on a good machine, then it shouldn't have been sticky, but if you kneaded it for that long by hand, you probably didn't knead it long enough. There's a reason why I didn't start making a lot of bread or pizza until I got my Kitchenaid 600.
Make bread and pizza by weight until you get a good eye for how the dough should look. Once you recognize a finished dough, you can throw the right amount of water in your mixing bowl with salt, yeast and a bit less flour than you'll need, then just add flour until the dough looks right. But stay with the weight ratios until you know good dough when you see it.
I agree that the dough recipe for that pizza looks dodgy. You might be able to make it work out with a really soft flour, like Italian 00 style.
You also complain, though of general problems with any recipe. I'm going to take them in reverse order.
If it tears too easily, you need to knead it longer, or let it sit longer before you work it. Kneading builds gluten, which makes the dough stretch instead of tear. Letting it sit for a bit (15-20 minutes) before kneading lets the water get fully absorbed by the flour, which also helps the gluten, and can also reduce the amount of kneading required (this is why no-knead breads work at all).
And while pizza dough is usually somewhat sticky, if you're finding it REALLY sticky, you've got too much water, or haven't let it absorb.
Breads are tricky, and ultimately hard to do strictly from a recipe. You need to learn what the right consistency of dough is for what you're making, and how to get to that point. I use bread recipes as a starting point, then invariably wind up adjusting amounts to get the dough texture I need. Find a recipe that almost works for you, then use it over and over, adjusting hydration, kneading, rise times, etc. each time until you've got it working perfectly.
My attempts at pizza dough have been damp affairs used the farina 00 flour blah blah hold back on the water is what to try next! Every attempt has been eaten! Last one so sticky mashed and pulled play dough style onto tray even cooked it a little before toppings yum! So I guess if its sticky and extra flour isn't working, dry it out some with 5/6 mins and its not such a disappointment!


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Professor's Prologue by Dr. Michael Illuzzi, Assistant Professor of Political Science
Tuesday, February 12, 2013
In the same speech, Roosevelt labeled what he called "faddists and doctrinaires" as "mollycoddles"— overprotected and pampered ideologues not ready to seriously engage with the work of self-government. Today, many Republicans have signed Grover Norquist's no tax pledge and many Democrats have avowed to make no cuts to Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid. Given our current political environment, it is worth asking whether our leaders have become the mollycoddles Roosevelt feared more than one hundred years ago.
Erskine Bowles is a politician cast in the same mold as Roosevelt. Mr. Bowles brings us two hard truths: first, there are many common sense strategies that could bring the U.S. debt problem under control; second, to do so requires that both sides make political concessions that will be unpopular with their core constituencies.
Mr. Bowles' career has exemplified the virtue of trading ideological thinking for hard-nosed compromise. He is a prominent Democrat born and raised in the traditionally Republican state of North Carolina and he has proven himself a "doer," moving seamlessly between the public and private spheres. Earning his undergraduate degree from North Carolina and an M.B.A. from Columbia University's Graduate School of Business, he went into finance working for Morgan Stanley and then founded several middle-market private equity firms in North Carolina. Mr. Bowles used this experience to expand economic development in rural North Carolina. In 1993, President Clinton first appointed Mr. Bowles as the director of the Small Business Administration, and later the White House Chief of Staff where he helped negotiate the budget agreement in 1997 that produced the first balanced budget in a generation. In 2004, he was appointed the U.N. Deputy Special Envoy for Tsunami Recovery in Southeast Asia. Following this appointment he served as president of the University of North Carolina system from 2006-2010.
Recently, Mr. Bowles served as co-chair of the bi-partisan National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform, better known as the Simpson-Bowles Commission, with Senator Alan Simpson. The Commission issued its findings in December 2010. Having been tasked by President Obama to address our nation's fiscal challenges and recommend ways to reduce the deficit and balance the federal budget, the Commission produced perhaps the most highly publicized and praised budget proposal ever to fail to come to a vote. According to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, one of the nation's premier policy organizations, the Simpson-Bowles plan includes $2.9 trillion in spending cuts and $2.6 trillion in tax increases, it taxes capital gains and dividends as normal income, it reduces deductions for charitable contributions and mortgage interest, it gradually phases out the employer-provided health care deduction, it increases the taxable minimum on income to 90 percent for Social Security and slows the cost of living adjustments and raises the retirement age for the program. Simpson-Bowles dared to bring up facts that both sides have continued to bury, and the plan recently has reemerged in public debate over how to avert the fiscal cliff.
If we want to avoid becoming "mollycoddles" or aiding their pursuits, we must face uncomfortable facts and increase the level of bipartisan discourse. It is time to follow the advice of Roosevelt and start ignoring the "faddists and doctrinaires" who make for good headlines and sound bites and to instead pay greater attention to those who "[s]tand stoutly for [their] ideals, but keep in mind that they can only be realized, even partially, by practical methods of achievement."
Erskine Bowles will address the Lesley University Boston Speakers Series on Wednesday, February 20, at 8 p.m. at Boston Symphony Hall. To see the full schedule of speakers for the Boston Speakers Series, click here.
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Boston humanities teacher named Mass. Teacher of the YearLesley alumna Sydney Chaffee (M.Ed. '07) teaches at Codman Academy Charter Public SchoolWCVB Channel 5May 3, 2016
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I put my wort in the primary 9 days ago and dry hopped with 1 ounce of Cascade pellets and used a Wyeast 1272 American direct pitch activator pack. I have not taken any readings but noticed it was still bubbling at about 1 per minute. This is much longer than in the past. My question is can I dry hop and add to a secondary or should I wait a little longer.
Airlock bubbles don't really tell you anything about the state of fermentation. They only indicate CO2 is being released and that can come from a number of reasons. A gravity reading is really the only way to know what's going on. That said, 9 days is a pretty short time for primary. I usually wait at least 2-3 weeks before I even check on the gravity. There's no harm to letting the beer go longer and at the very least the yeast will have more time to finish and clean up after itself. And if you want to, you can skip the secondary entirely. I seldom do one.
How long to leave in primary is a controversial topic, but the current thinking is to err on the side of leaving it in longer. The rule of thumb I use for my brews is four weeks minimum in primary. Some of my higher gravity brews I will leave in for 8 weeks. I only use secondaries for things that require very extended aging, like barleywines.
For something like an IPA that is consumed more fresh, I probably would leave it in primary for no less than two weeks, then secondary for dry-hopping. Your milage may vary, of course.
In general if you have a good pitch rate and and good aeration, primary fermentation can finish up relatively quick (4-10 days). As stated above, leaving it in the primary fermenter for a bit will help to start cleaning up the beer.
As Denny commented, it is possible it is still bubbling due to under-pitching, or maybe not getting a good level of oxygen into the wort before pitching.
The question is then if you should put it into secondary or not. Some sources I have seen even say that it may not be worth the extra risk of contamination moving it to secondary, and you can even leave it sit in the primary for an extra week or two to let the yeast settle out, then just package it. It all depends on what you are doing, but I do agree, if you can get away with leaving it in the primary for a bit, why risk the contamination by racking it over?
Just a few things to think about.


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Let's say there is an organization that has a Pushkah (charity box) that I regularly insert money into for Tzedakah purposes, then this same organization has a Chinese auction and I want to get a chance at a particularly pricey prize. Can I use the money in the Pushkah for the Chinese auction? Same organization, new motivation. (Of course CYLOR.)
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The above quote, found here, gives a formula by which one may use maaser / tzedakah money for a Chinese Auction (a.k.a. raffle).
The question also asks whether previously set aside money for an organization can be used to purchase a ticket for a raffle run by that same organization.
Using the stipulation quoted above, it would seem that handing over the money to the organization by means of a losing raffle ticket is no different than giving it to them directly.
Since you have stipulated that any winning raffle ticket is retroactively considered to have been purchased from your own money - if you win, you would then "owe" the original price of the raffle ticket (NOT the value of the prize!) to the organization.
Now - what if one had already placed money into a pushka (charity box) with intent to give that money to a specific organization? Can that money be used to buy raffle tickets from the same organization?
If the pushka is in your own home, the money still belongs to you. You have merely designated your own money to give to organization X.
If you empty the pushka to buy Chinese auction tickets from organization X, they have still received the money. Putting money in a box at home is NOT like "hekdesh" (consecrating an object for Temple use). For example, if you suddenly needed change for the parking meters, you could take the money back. (It is unclear whether or not you would then "owe" an equal amount of money to that organization.)
This is all true because of the concept of tova'as hanaa. Tova'as hanaa is the power of choice that a charity giver has when distributing his charity funds.
This power of choice is considered valuable enough to marry a woman with it (in lieu of a ring)
So, just because you put your own money in your own box, with organization X in mind, that doesn't remove your tova'as hanaa on the money. Certainly if you could legally use the money for a completely separate purpose, you could use it to buy charity raffle tickets.
Presumably the money in the tzedahkah box is for tzedakah.
Money spent at a chinese auction, does not count as Tzedekah since you are receiving the possibility of gaining an item for the money spent.
However, if you plan to give any item you win the auction to Charity as well, then I presume you could use the money from the Tzedakah box to do so. If such an idea seems crazy to you, then I think you have a better understanding of whether or not this is being done for tzedakah or your own possible personal gain.


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My name is Brandon. I'm a longtime reader of Destructoid, and I felt like now was as good a time as ever to join the community. I'm 26 years old, and I work a pretty mundane job. When I'm not doing that, I write, usually about video games.
My primary platforms of choice these days are my PC and 3DS. I have access to all of the major systems, though outside of those two, my SNES still gets the most love. I never really got into a lot of Western-developed games, and my heart still lies with Japan. I still love shmups and JRPGs. Chrono Trigger, Earthbound, and Super Metroid are still my favorite video games of all time.
Outside of gaming, I'm a huge music nerd. I got into punk rock in high school, and since then ended up on this long journey of musical discovery. I play guitar, mostly just for myself. I don't exactly have the free time to start a band, otherwise something like My Bloody Valentine or Explosions in the Sky would be right up my alley.
It's rare that I really dig into forums, but the Destructoid community always felt so close knit compared to a lot of the others, so I'm hoping I can find a comfy place to hang out here.


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By IAN HICKS, For The Times Leader
WHEELING - The latest trends in education come and go. But when it comes to teaching people how to build things, local labor leaders say there's no substitute for the centuries-old concept of apprenticeship. Apprenticeship programs, which became common in the Middle Ages and can be traced in some form back to ancient Rome, give students the chance to learn directly from those who have gone before them as well as earn a wage while they hone their craft. Ironworkers Local 549 operates one such program at its training facility in Center Wheeling, and the experienced tradesmen there have spent many years teaching the builders of tomorrow. "The older members teach the younger members the proper way to do things," said Bryan "Carp" Dierkes, who coordinates the union's apprenticeship program. "My instructors have all been in the field for years. They're very knowledgeable." Over three and a half years, ironworker apprentices spend hundreds of hours at actual job sites, working under the supervision of experienced members. Their wages increase progressively from about $17 an hour at the beginning to about $26 per hour upon completion, and the field work is mixed with regular classroom instruction. "They go to school one night a week for four hours, and then some Saturdays," Dierkes said. "We usually start the first of September and go through May, but they continue to work in the field through the summer." Dierkes said his union is a "mixed local," meaning its members don't concentrate on a particular specialty but "a little bit of everything." For that reason, he said someone completing the Wheeling training program should be able to work essentially any job around the country. There are about 25 enrolled in the Ironworkers apprentice program right now, down significantly from an enrollment of 80 a couple years ago as economic conditions have taken their toll. "We were taking 30 (new) apprentices a year, and with the recession we didn't want to bring somebody into the program and say, 'Here you go, but there's no work for you.'" Dierkes is predicting a turnaround, however. He said the program receives 300-400 applications each year, and he hopes to begin accepting larger and larger classes over the next few years. "It's gradually picking up. ... We just put a $500,000 addition on our building and we're getting ready," he said. "We're reloading." The union accepts applications to the program from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. each Monday at the 2350 Main St. union hall. And other local organizations offer apprenticeship programs for bricklayers, roofers, electricians, carpenters, painters and more. For more information on those programs, call Project BEST at 304-242-0520 or 740-282-3616. Project BEST stands for "Building Efficiency by Striving Together" and is an organization with more than 500 contractors and 6,000 tradesmen among its members. According to Dierkes, who went through the Ironworkers Local 549 program years ago and has worked on many local projects including at Wheeling Hospital and Cabela's at The Highlands, the success an apprentice achieves depends on the work he puts into it. "I never missed a class in three and a half years, and I learned a lot," he said. "It's a great opportunity. I've made a good living in ironworking."
Article Photos
Photo/Casey Junkins
Cameron resident Robert Howard, a welding student at the Ironworkers Local 549 in Wheeling, demonstrates a welding technique.


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Celebrity Maternity Hits and MissesEmma Sarran
Hit: Jenna Elfman 1 of 10The quirky actress rocks this houndstooth sheath that hugs her in all the right places and draws the eye directly to her bun in the oven (though her hubby Bodhi's hand on the stomach helps).
Hit: Kourtney Kardashian 2 of 10The eldest of the Kardashian clan usually doesn't shy away from prints, but this basic short sleeve mini made a bright, white statement at sister Kim's 29th birthday celebration.
Hit: Nicole Richie 3 of 10The teeny, tamed socialite turns the most basic of black camis into a boho-chic maternity statement with the simple addition of a colorful, relaxed maxi skirt.
Hit: Jessica Lowndes 4 of 10The Grecian style of the rose-appliqued one-shoulder top stuns, maternity dress or not, but the bold cascading fabric coming down from the empire waistline frames the baby bump perfectly.
Hit: Camilla Alves 5 of 10Matthew McConaughey's girlfriend lets daughter Vida out to play for a day at the beach in a demure striped bikini and crocheted sarong — the perfect pairing for a summer bump.
Miss: Lisa Loeb 6 of 10The combo of thick straps, high, straight neckline, and shapeless body make it a maternity dress of yesteryear, definitely not a curve-hugging, figure-flattering prego piece we're seeing now.
Miss: Heidi Klum 7 of 10She gets points for at least accessorizing with a bold gold pendant and edgy aviators — but Heidi's a fashion icon with a great bod, baby or not; the mumu simply doesn't make sense.
Miss: Elizabeth Hasselbeck 8 of 10Point: Elizabeth's charcoal double-breasted maternity coat with popped collar. Counterpoint: Her pants tucked sloppily into a pair of worn-out Uggs.
Miss: Christina Milian 9 of 10The shiny fabric and single sleeve with a cutout shoulder doesn't exactly say sophisticated—and is a far cry from her early kid-friendly days.
Miss: Maya Rudolph 10 of 10Looks like SNL Alum Maya Rudolph took a cue from The Sound of Music and made a maternity dress out of her living room curtains.
Article Posted 6 years Ago


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I was reading the IMDB page for Pokemon: Mewtwo Strikes Back and one of the bits of trivia states that "The Japanese version has an entirely different story. ".
I know the Japanese version casts Mewtwo in a much better light, but what sort of differences do both plots have?


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In writing a novel, often flashbacks are difficult to manage: if too long and detailed, they can appear as second class (at worst, aborted) plots whose only task is to sustain the main plot line; if too short, they can create unwelcome confusion to the overall story flow.
Here's several tricks I have used to handle flashbacks:
The best advice I ever read regarding flashbacks was from the excellent book, "How To Write A Damn Good Novel" by James N. Frey. He commented that flashbacks are very much overused and misunderstood, and speculated that writers often use them because they get anxious about the characters they themselves have created, and are trying to avoid conflict.
At any rate, the advice he gave regarding the use of flashbacks is this: they are necessary "if your character is about to be plunged into a situation in which he will act contrary to the way he has been acting up to that point in the story ... In other words, the antecedent action must be relevant to the present story." He goes on to say that a flashback may also be necessary if your character in the present is quite loathsome, and you want to try and put him/her in a better light.
This always made the most sense to me, as well as his caveat: always "ask yourself if you can make the same impact on your reader through conflict in the now of the novel." I must admit, ever since, I've tended to try and avoid flashbacks unless absolutely necessary.


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In geometrical terms, what is the smallest number $n$ such that a disc of unit radius can be cut into $n$ sectors that can be reassembled without overlapping to fit into a square of side $2-\varepsilon$, where $\varepsilon>0$ is as small as you like? The question could be set for arbitrary straight cuts; but I like to serve my guests with traditional sector-shaped pieces.
With John's configuration, the maximum possible value of $\varepsilon$ is approximately $0.0291842223$:
The pieces have angles approximately $228.8124035475^\circ$, $113.1341370910^\circ$ and $18.0534593614^\circ$.
Note that the large pieces are no longer positioned symmetrically.
Here's a solution using three pieces:
Two pieces have angle $\pi-\alpha$ and one has angle $2\,\alpha\,$ for some small $\alpha$ $\;$($\alpha =\frac{\pi}{12}$ in the diagram).
(I eventually got there after starting with a 10-piece solution!)
When posting this question, I only knew that it could be done for large $n$. Since then, I found a way to do it (I think!) for $n=3$: Cut the disc into sectors of $248^\circ$, $104^\circ$, and $8^\circ$ (slight variations on these numbers are possible). Place the big sector symmetrically in one corner of the square, with the cut-out toward the opposite corner, and put the medium sector symmetrically in the cut-out so that the circular part of its boundary touches the two straight radial edges of the big sector. There is just enough room left to slip the remaining sliver in between a straight edge of the medium sector and the neighbouring side of the square. I hope that this is right, but I may have miscalculated. Any refutation would be stoically welcome. Confirmation is naturally welcome too.
Here's a third distinct three-piece configuration, with the centres of the sectors at the vertices of an equilateral triangle:
All the pieces have an angle greater than $\frac{\pi}{2}$ (the angles in the diagram are $149.5^\circ$, $110^\circ$ and $100.5^\circ$).
A solution with three congruent pieces doesn't seem possible.


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Where did all the bowling alleys go?
Does anyone ever go bowling anymore? I tried to find a bowling alley last weekend and to my surprise, there are very few of them left these days. Had to take the kids to the movies instead.
None of my kids have ever gone bowling. Does anyone else find that strange?
25 Answers answer
@jrpigman: That's the greatest thing I have ever seen! The sad thing is, my kids have bowled on the Wii....
I went last week to a bowling alley. There is one in almost every town around me, some even have two bowling alleys. It is rare I bowl but I really enjoy doing it, especially when it is $1 a game night!
There are 4-5 within 5 miles of my house. I'm just amazed how they all stay in business...
that's unfortunate...i'm sure your kids would enjoy bowling!
i think it's kind of regional issue...we still have a bunch of bowling alleys around here, but i admit that i know of a lot of alleys closing around the country. well if you ever take a road trip i guess you could be on the lookout for any AMF or Bowl America lanes. :P
They turned into disco parlors, then ice skating rinks, and then finally. Walmarts
There are seven in the nearest town (two across the street from each other), with active leagues. I don't play so I'm not sure what the demographics are (one widowed acquaintance starting playing on two leagues when she retired), but high schools here still have bowling teams. In smaller schools, like charters, it is one of the few sports where they have enough students to field a team and compete against the bigger schools.
They ran off with the drive-in theaters.
Hells, yes, do I go bowling! Wednesday evenings are $1 games and $5 pitchers of beer at this one sticky, rinky-dinky old place in the north 'burbs, so we go there every other week-ish and have a crass, cocky, obnoxiously good time. Then there's another place in another suburb with free bowling on Mondays and excellent burgers, but it's a little "fancier," a bit suburban-corporate-snotty pretension, so we only go to that one once a month-ish. We're mostly middling bowlers that bowl worse as the evenings (and drink) progress. For us, it's just unassuming, casual fun hanging out, doing something silly but competitive--insulting and laughing at and high-fiving each other all over the place as we each attempt to Not Be In Last Place.
I used to go with 4-6 friends every Friday or Saturday night. They'd play loud music and have black lights and stuff. $5 and it would go from 8:00ish to 12:00ish. Drinks were cheap too. We'd all get plowed (except for the person who drew the short straw and got to be DD) for like $25 total, including the bowling.
Well, I think you might be on to something, considering AMF filed for bankruptcy this week:
Nowhere. I have 2 in town right here and there are at least 4 more within 20 mins or so.
They turned into retail with 6 floors of condos/high end rentals over them. Terrible wast of a good time imho.
We have at least two in my metro area of about 100K people.
I have at least 5 within a 30 minute drive from my house that I can think of, and that's just the ones that anyone can go to, all the country clubs around here have them too. And we have duckpin and 10 pin bowling, take your pick. Nothing like going bowling, having a few drinks (which are always cheaper than at a regular bar) and hanging out with your friends!
They put a parking lot
On a piece of land
Where the supermarket
Used to stand
Before that they
Put up a bowling alley
On the site that used
To be the local palais
I know of at least 3 bowling alleys within about 30 minutes of my house.
The school I want to transfer to has one as well, only has two lanes but a bowling alley is still a bowling alley.
Might be worth checking around the different colleges in your area, might find one that is part of the recreational room. Some are open to everyone, obviously being a student would be cheaper to be able to bowl but you never know.
Our city had a six-lane bowling alley for several years, but it burned down about 20 years ago and was never rebuilt. We also had a mini-golf in the same area, but it closed after less than a year. From then on the nearest bowling alley or mini-golf course is 45 minutes away. :(
Do you live in a city? As rent goes up it becomes harder and harder for a bowling alley to remain profitable since it requires such a large amount of space per patron. The only bowling alleys that still exist around me have mainly stayed open by branching out, and are now bars and restaurants as much as they are bowling alleys. That's also why you see disco bowling and laser bowling so often now.
Hopefully they closed every single one of them. Inexplicably, I HATE bowling. The only good thing related to bowling is The Big Lebowski.
They are all here. Along with the old school drive in theater.
Maybe folks are just doing this instead:
Here in Cincinnati they're closing rapidly. I know of four in the past few years. And it's getting really expensive. League bowling is @ $15 a night. There's hardly any open bowling at a time that kids can go. Sunday - 2 1/2 hours of bowling and shoes - $8 per person.
I know of a handful of bowling alleys near me. The closest was redone a few years ago, went non-smoking and now it's a pretty nice place. They seem to be pretty busy on weekend nights and regularly run some pretty good specials.
You also might check out places like Main Event or similar "big box" entertainment venues. Most of those have bowling along with laser tag, video games, pool and such.
Unfortunately, most people would rather stay at home and watch reality TV. Bowling used to be a great social night out. It has been replaced as the younger generation is into video games and texting as social events.


text:
Vermont Folklife Center - Digital Archive
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MS2011-3282 -- "Dawn Dance Benefit" flyer
8 1/2" x 11" flyer for dance at the Gibson-Aiken Center, Brattleboro VT on May 30, 1982 (MS2011-3282). From the Steve Green Collection (VFC2011-0010). Collected by Steve Green, donated to the Vermont Folklife Center Archive by Jeff Todd Titon.
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I know that PS2 games can only be played in a 'fat' PS3 with the right hardware to run it. But why is so difficult to emulate a PS2 game in the PS3 without that hardware? Is the processor, the architecture, both? Thanks in advance.
Short Answer
PS2 games were made for an older CPU. They cannot run on the CPU designed for the PS3.
Long Answer
PS2 games were created to work on Sony's Emotion Engine CPU and their Graphics Synthesizer GPU. This CPU/GPU combo was put in all PS2 units and in the first variants of the PS3 (the NTSC 20GB and 60GB models) to make them backward-compatible. These models can play almost all PS2 games.
The 80GB Metal Gear Solid IV bundle had the GPU as well, but replaced the Emotion Engine chip with software emulation of the chip. It can still play most PS2 games, but support isn't as good as the earlier models with the actual EE CPU.
Models since the MSG:IV bundle had neither the CPU nor the software emulation of the CPU required to play older games.
Sony has a knowledgebase article that explains which three versions can play PS2 games. They also have a compatibility tool that you can use to see if specific games can play on those specific models.
PS1, being a system simpler and older than the PS2, is easier to emulate using only software. In 2000, Sony bought a Playstation emulator called Virtual Game Station. While the first PS2 models incorporated hardware of the PS1 (like its CPU), later PS2 models completely emulated the PS1 via software (and were thinner).
In addition to Shaun's very good answer, consider the cost of emulation.
First, the PS3's with the extra hardware for running PS2 games. Basically Sony was having to pay for PS2 and PS3 hardware in manufacturing, and then selling it at the PS3's price. This was probably a losing investment for them, since the PS2 part wasn't the main attraction; it probably didn't increase PS3 sales very much. And if it had, it wouldn't have increased PS3 game sales very much -- and Sony wouldn't make any more money than they already had on the PS2 games people owned.
Second, the software emulation. Emulation is hard, especially for a sophisticated console like the PS2. As Shaun said, the reason it's hard is because the PS2 had different processors than the PS3, meaning everything had to be "translated" from PS2 instructions to PS3 instructions. While certainly more deterministic than human-language translation, this is still a hard problem to solve; especially when you only have the limited resources of a console (emulation often requires about 5x better hardware than the system being emulated did). Not to mention that the bus system (how the chips are laid out and connected) is very different between the two systems. Sony probably had to start up an entire team devoted to emulating the PS2 in software, and again it probably wasn't worth the return on investment so they shut it down.
Older gamers may recall that the PS2 could run original Playstation games seamlessly (well, mostly), and be asking themselves why the considerations listed herein didn't apply to then.
Sony essentially used a original Playstation (with it's several hardware quirks) built onto a single chip as the audio-processor for the PS2, and added bus-mastering feature that allowed the sound chip to take over the whole machine when a original game was run.
This worked out without adding undue cost because the power of the original machine matched new machine's sound processing needs.
I agree with what everyone else has said about software emulation, but I'll add that writing a game console emulator is very different from other emulation undertakings.
The PlayStation 2 was Sony's main console for well over 6 years. During that time the hardware (from the point of view of the developer) changed very little. This means that game developers had plenty of time and tons of incentive to figure out every nook and cranny of the device and take advantage of it to deliver maximum performance for their games.
Ordinarily when you write emulation software you want broad compatibility, but the precision of the emulation isn't as critical. No one cares if Wine has a glitch that causes MS Word to be slow at reformatting pages. By comparison, a PS 2 emulator has to nail nearly every aspect of the underlying system, in case some game programmer is taking advantage of some quirk.
Also, video games are more often skirting the performance limits of their systems than other software is, because video game hardware is so standardized. This means that, again, any particular weakness in the emulation will be obvious.
Another difficulty with video game emulation is testing. With the hardware emulator, Sony just needed to use the same hardware specification to ensure compatibility. To achieve the same in software isn't so simple, and testing it would be a nightmare. Testing MS Word within an emulator, by comparison, is simple: make a list of the features and commands, and walk through them in the emulator. With games, there is no way to list the full feature set beyond the basics, and walking through the features requires playing the game, which is designed to take time and skill.
All of this adds up to a much more difficult job than writing a typical emulator.
All emulators are difficult to write, even ones for older, simpler consoles. It's not really a case of difficulty - it's whether the PS3 is fast enough to emulate the PS2 at the required speed.
I don't believe it's impossible to do. The PS3 should be powerful enough to emulate the PS2 adequately. Not an easy programming task, but Sony should be able to manage it - they designed both consoles after all, and have demonstrated ability with their PS1 and PSP emulator (for minis on PS3).
Also, Sony has already done most of the work to emulate the PS2. The initial US 80Gb PS3 models (plus the early European 60Gb models) came with full emulation of the PS2's CPU in software.
All Sony would need to do is write an emulator for the GPU, which was present in the early PS3s, but removed from later ones. Sony removed the GPU to cut costs, which also allowed them to focus development and testing elsewhere. Sony were under a lot of pressure at that time to reduce the price of the PS3.
Whatever discussion Sony had internally to remove backwards-compatibility, I suspect their plan to create the new "HD collection" series also came about at the same time. (The "HD collection" contains (mostly) PS2 games re-made with up-res'd graphics.) This is Sony's new "backwards-compatibility" focus.
EDIT: There seem to be a few different interpretations of this question:
Most posts here have already answered #1 - the PS2 and PS3 CPUs are different, and incompatible. I'm answering #2.
More information:
The creators of PCSX2, a PS2 emulator for PC, have a blog. The blog contains many interesting articles about the difficulties of emulating the PS2. Of course, they are writing for the PC, not the PS3, but the same difficulties would apply.
The CFW custom firmware on their PS3 runs PS2 games just fine.
Different hardware/architecture. Imagine trying to teach someone spanish by talking to them purely in german.
Writing an Emulator is hard but I think the real answer here is simply that Sony does not want to. Any computer that is Turing complete can be emulated on another given enough memory,speed, and processing power.
There are many talented programmers who have written emulators for various systems - look at MAME, UAE, Bleem! and many others. In the case of Bleem! (the PS1 emulator) SONY tried to sue the life out of the creators. They ultimately failed, but Bleem! went out of business. Sony are still pretty quick to lawyer up or even send the cops around, like what happenned to Graf-Chokolo.
Sony would much rather sell PS2 games to you again as downloadable games.
So, I do not think that PS2 emulation would be any more difficult on the PS3 or a PC than any of the other more challenging emulators.
Truth be told they can easily emulate PS1 and PS2 games on PS3 but they don't want to due to the fact that not a lot of people were buying newer games made for PS3 (a lot more expensive etc) and because of that game makers were also sticking to making PS2 games for a few more years.
This was noted in an article few years ago after the introduction of the PS3. But when it comes to emulating PS2 and PS3 on PC, it is a completely different ball game as both PS2 and PS3 are more graphic intensive systems which most PCs don't have graphic processors that high yet.


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KDD Competition 2010
From Noisebridge
Revision as of 23:25, 12 May 2010 by SpammerHellDontDelete (Talk | contribs)
I'm interested in working on the KDD Competition, as a way to focus our machine learning exploration -- and maybe even finding some interesting aspects to the data! If you're interested, drop me a note, show up at a weekly Machine Learning meeting, and we'll use this space to keep track of our ideas.
Plan for Next Week
Next week, after the Hadoop presentation, we'll show each other how to get the tools working on the data (what one needs to download, any data transformations needed, how to produce submission output) and share any insights on the data gleaned so far
- Vikram -- will present on Hadoop next week!
- Thomas -- will get libsvm working on the data and put together a "how to" guide for doing so
- put together a perl script which will take random samples from the data, for working on smaller instances
- put together a simple R script for loading the data
- Andy -- will get Weka working on the data and put together a "how to" guide for doing so
- Erin -- will work on data transformations and ways to create better representations of the data


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Conversation with scientist, engineer and database legend Jim Gray
- Posted: Mar 03, 2006 at 1:56PM
- 73,614 views
- 22 comments
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This episode features Jim Gray. He is a "Technical Fellow" in the Scaleable Servers Research Group (Sky Server, Terra Server) and manager of Microsoft's Bay Area Research Center (BARC). Jim has been called a "giant" in the fields of database and transaction processing computer systems. In 1998, Jim was awarded the ACM's prestigious A.M. Turing Award.
Before joining Microsoft, Jim worked at Digital Equipment Corp (DEC)., Tandem Computers Inc., IBM Corp. and AT&T and he is the editor of the "Performance Handbook for Database and Transaction Processing Systems," and co-author of "Transaction Processing: Concepts and Techniques." In this interview, Jim is joined by former colleague from DEC and partner on the Terra Server project, Researcher, Tom Barclay.
This episode of "Behind the Code" is hosted by Barbara Fox – former senior security architect of cryptography and digital rights management for Microsoft
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Jim Gray is really amazing....however I did a little bit of digging on the host of "Behind the Code", Barbara Fox.
She's pretty amazing too.
Barbara Fox
Barbara Fox is a Senior Software Architect, Cryptography and Digital Rights Management for Microsoft Corporation. She is also currently a Senior Fellow at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. She serves on the National Academies of Science Committee on "Authentication Technologies and Their Implications for Privacy," the Technical Advisory Board of "The Creative Commons," and the Board of Directors of the International Financial Cryptography Association. Ms. Fox joined Microsoft in 1993 as Director of Advanced Product Development and led the company's electronic commerce technology development group. She has co-authored Internet standards in the areas of Public Key Infrastructure and XML security. Her research at Harvard focuses on digital copyright law, public policy, and privacy.
Immediately prior to Microsoft, Ms. Fox was President of SystemSoft America, a Macintosh software development company in Palo Alto, California, and in addition she was a consultant to Visa International. Between 1981 and 1984, she was Engineering Development
Manager for AppleTalk at Apple Computer.
I'd love to have C9 interview her for the WM_IN series....
Interesting people.
Nice interview.
I did not follow most of what he was talking about..
But the last bit, was about some bug in the MultiThreaded application model or something...
I did not understand what he was getting at. perhapse one of you can explain to me what the heck he was getting at because i am confused
d/ling again just for the last bit - arrgh
nektar wrote:Isn't really disappointing and ironic that you have been running Terraserver for almost 10 years without any customer product coming out of it and if it was not for Google and its maps, perhaps it might have stayed that way? Where was MSN all these years?
To say that nothing has come from it is wrong, a lot of the scalability improvements of products like SQL-Server have come from projects like this.
Hello, this is Jim Gray trying to respond to some of the questions.
The stuff on pipelines has quite a literature: "Loading databases using dataflow parallelism" is 10 years old now:
a more recent (6-year-old) effort is at http://research.microsoft.com/~gray/river/. but the real action is happening now with things like Google's Map-reduce, Sawzall, and such (you can search for them on Google). Those guys are working with thousands of machines and so are "really" doing it, rather than just talking about it. I think SQL Server 2005 Integration Services is a good way of thinking about dataflow, and of course BizTalk is a dataflow system, but they are not doing the incredible partition parallelism scaleout (yet) that we need to deal with thousands of machines.
The Kilroy thing is subtle -- which is the point. You are right to be lost. Sorry. It's subtle. Concurrency is subtle. Avoid it if you can. OK, fair warning. If you can't resist, there is a longer writeup of it in the book co-authored with Andreas Reuter ("Transaction Processing Concepts and Techniques".) As Barbara Fox pointed out, it is massive and massively expensive (sorry -- no one is getting rich on it, its just a very small market). Anyway, you can peek at it by going to Amazon and doing a "search inside the book" under Kilroy. Something like: http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/1558601902/104-0609859-0703169?v=search-inside&keywords=Kilroy
You are right, Barbara Fox is indeed AMAZING. Jennifer Sisti also deserves HUGE credit for all the research she and Barb put into this event. I had no idea when I got into it that they would make it such a production -- they did. I felt kind of embarrassed to be so off-hand about it when they were so professional. But... they wanted spontaneity, and they go it.
As for the Terraserver, it was part of Encarta, part of Home Advisor, part of MapPoint, and also a poster-child for web services. It was also a great laboratory for us to try out our scalablity and availabilty ideas. We got a LOT of mileage out of it. But... now it is part of local.live.com (part of MSN). Every research guy's dream, the product guys took our reseach toy away from us. Now we have to think up something new for them to "steal" in a 10 years. My one regret is that we had all the AJAX stuff to make the maps very interactive back in 2000, but we did not deploy it because it was IE5+ only. We wanted "reach" to all platforms and so lost the high end. Now all the other browsers have caught up, and we got leapfrogged. It's a good lesson. But the Virtual Earth (aka local.live.com) folks are working hard to leapfrog the current leaders. It is fun to watch the innovation in this space. Competition is GREAT!
That's it for now. I will try to answer the next batch of questions in a few weeks.
I better be quick before someone beats me to it
Good heavens, never thought I'd be reminded by the man himself to clean the dust of that timeless piece.. let me fix my face, the jaw has gone pretty low here
Dear Dr. Gray,
Could never understand how deep all the transactional science can get (until I picked up that incredibly detailed work and lost myself pretty soon), all while it is so abstracted we never see much of it in day to day work or in different, simplified models.. which is greatness no doubt. So now given myself the task to get that data structure implemented, utilised as well as look for some good testing of few SQL server batteries..
While my lousy opinion is that AJAX is not going to fire away anywhere fast or too succesful (before it is replaced with another name and method at least;-), I believe I can see where the 'regret' hint is coming from looking at how far ahead MS was back then (and how long it takes for things out of research to resurface in commercial world).. The issue seems that VML and RDS if that was the correct name and far more were just too much for web pages back in those days. Broadband wasn't taken up as widely, machines were far slower and storage was still expensive.. Anyway, I just believe that HTML is still slow for highly interactive apps and rendering engines just don't seem to scale with number of visible or out-of-viewport elements.. enter Java hacks etc.. don't see devices coping with much of it either but sure things are getting better slowly.
My favourite comment on the show was on the heat problem as my own teacher always insisted it will have to be hit and pretty soon (his estimates were something like c2010 back in 1997). He always said that's exactly when the algorithm guys (and researchers as he led that department) will finally 'take over' and see great satisfaction and demand for the work they did/do.. Just thought of mentioning it in the context of something most of us mere mortals will never experience or see
To not bore anyone any more, I guess it is a common requirement today to process huge amounts of data (I guess a need for it to be compacted too but another topic I guess). I want to stick to SQL Server (if for nothing else than for many thing said, shown here and the awesome interview).. Sure and for performance, tools and more. And now I'm hitting SQL hard as I can, transaction logs go in 1GB increments in space of a minute and I'm expecting real-world scenario to push that far higher.. therefore anything bound to a single machine, single point is out of question.. easy to say, hard to implement especially as low latency query is a major requirement for the project. I avoid DTC as much as I can and almost always get away (I think;), sure all specific to a problem etc. So ok I now get it has to scale out, it better do, and it has to be distributed because of locking nature of loading large datasets efficiently..
I was always thinking replication and versioning approaches were a way forward for such scenarios.. cache approach I don't have much desire for, IMDB was dumped before , addressable space will keep growing etc.. hence looking for insight from let's face it..
Ok, gotta do this, someone point me where in the world could you publicly ask for advice from a Turing Award legend..
Kudos, am not worth a reply, this site rocks, TM, LTD, etc
All the best.
Yes, the transactional stuff makes your head hurt, and we are still exploring that space and learning new things. Vista comes with 3 TMs (Kernel, Light-Weight, and Distributed). Making them play together and making it all transparent has been a REAL challenge.
It's a LONG story why there are 3 but each one has a good reason for existence.
The AJAX regret is that the product guys invented it (for Outlook Web Access) and we research guys were the reactionaries. The regret is that I was retro -- shame on me. I had good excuses at the time (reach to all platforms) but I was wrong.
Yes Moore's wall (the heat barrier) is going to force us to go parallel. Frankly, we are all stumped how "normals" will program in parallel. My best hope is something like dataflow (Excel Recalc, SQL parallel Query, Google MapReduce, ... ). But,.. at the moment they all seem like one-trick ponies. The algorithms guys have been building us libraries, but we need environments not libraries. The parallelism has to be in the outer loop, not the inner loop.
As for the Turing thing and the Legend thing, I confess great embarrassment. I know how little I know and struggle with Visual Studio and SQL and Win32 just like everyone else. As you know, programming is really humbling. I get reminded most every day how really stupid I am. So, I am glad to chat with a fellow programmer.
1. Better manager? Let the record show that my management plan is to hire over-achievers and then ask them to produce monthly reports. My job is then to keep them from killing themselves next month. Mostly by giving them pats on the back and telling them that they are accomplishing a LOT. That's standard Management by Objectives -- and I got it early from my first job selling encyclopedias door to door (we had quotas). But, I think it is fair to say that I am NOT a good manager -- I do not enjoy it and I tell everyone that. But I want to work with good people and I want to walk to work most days and so I have to be the manager.
2. I am not sure I understand the question. Set Theory predates OO by about 100 years.
3. Set theory is successful because it is simple and indeed it is a way to talk about numbers (including transcendental numbers) and forms the basis for discrete and continuous math and also logic. The book Gödel-Escher-Bach makes this point quite clearly and is a good read if you have the time.
4. How can a developer be more effective and efficient? I think the simple answer is think more write less. If you are like me, you are lazy and just sit down and write the code. I really have to force myself to think. Then the phone rings or an email arrives or some other distraction comes up. So, thinking is both very hard and at least for me, requires some quiet time -- a scarce commodity these days.
5. What's exciting? My problem is that almost everything interests me. The challenge is focusing on a FEW things and making a contribution there. Long term, I think we are on a path to make intelligent life and extend human life indefinitely, and completely change the human condition (Kurtzweil's "the singularity is near".) That's pretty exciting Jim
Hi J.
MS == DEC? Microsoft is huge (65k people), and so it is different from the 10 person, 100 person, 1,000 person, and 10,000 person groups that it grew from. Organizations that large have dysfunctional parts, just like people have dysfunctional parts. It comes with complexity. Is it like DEC (where I worked for 4 years in the early 90's) or IBM (where I worked in the 70's)? No! It is very different. Part of the difference is that it is still growing fast; that covers a multitude of sins and engenders optimism. Part of the difference is that upper management is still in touch with the technology and the business (Ken Olson and John Akers were not). Microsoft has had many near-death experiences (OS2, NetWare, WordStar, Lotus, Mac, Netscape, AOL, Linux, Google, ...). It lives on paranoia -- most of the folks I work with know that if we do not innovate, we will not be working together in a few years. Those are big differences.
Ballmer crazy? Steve Ballmer, is he insane? I think not. First appreciate that Steve graduated from Harvard in mathematics. So his IQ is probably higher than yours or mine (I am told he played poker all through school and won.) I couldn't even get into Harvard. I majored in math and did OK at Berkeley (but I had to study, no time for poker.) Harvard math is HARD. OK, so Steve was smart once. Next fact, Steve is very involved with his family -- his kids, his wife, and his friends. He is a billionaire but he is very earthy and personable. This is not an act -- he genuinely cares about people. You would love to have him as a next door neighbor or as a pal. OK, so how can one possibly explain his strange behavior at Microsoft marketing events (e.g. the jumping monkey and such)? Well, remember the part about playing poker? Steve can bluff, Steve can act, and Steve LOVES to win -- he is a competitive animal ("our fair share of the OS business is 100% and it up to our competitors to deny us our fair share and it is up to us to build products that merit that fair share.") So, suppose you are going to a marketing event and you want to get your audience's attention -- you want to energize them. How are you going to do it? Doing the monkey dance is one way. Have you got a better idea? On a related story, suppose you are Bill Gates and one of your senior techies comes to you with a not very well thought out idea. If that person is a master-of-the-universe arrogant testosterone Microsoft techie who is a big wheel in his organization and takes no guff from his underlings and peers, how are you going to get his attention? Sad to say, polite comments will not penetrate -- unfortunately you have to be incredibly loud, rude, and blunt just to get the message through. I bet you have heard such stories. But, with "normals" Bill is a real gentleman.
Will be a nonsense post from me as usual but perhaps something useful for my record (I keep this list close-by) of 'Top 10, pointless, time-wasting failures' while developing software..
It took a while, can only imagine how busy everyone over there is, but reading all the Qs and replies made my day and presents an interesting flow of reasoning perhaps. And at least I can show off now, point to this site as evidence when some 'silly' argument develops in pointilistic-culture-friendly company all my collegues work in
Thanks very much for your time Dr. Gray and for those little hints that keep the mind hungry and, how to put it, just sweet enough to question everything, try something different all the time and hopefully invoke change and more.
On parallelism, it seems a lot of new and old MSFT VS guys seem to be occupied enough with it for us to anticipate that is where the next edge will be for quite some time now (apart from other VM work I see on this site but have no time to view videos of or read about). Might seem a no-brainer to many (they say ignorance is a bliss, but competativness on milliseconds timescales isn't one , and to write code (or to have an intuitive-enough platform) for such environment is surely couple of orders of magnitude harder to build than just looking to avoid deadlocks or selecting locking granularity that might be optimal for some application. It's like, err, having a terrifyingly humble computing legend around, not many people about that can be and remain that way Thus quite likely not many people will program parallel (including myself) for a long time either.
So what's left.. personally, I don't believe much in generalisations or sticking to a single environment for that matter. Reason probably being our ideas change allthe time or that everyone is psd off with everyone else, it is only natural to be moody and try 'your own thing' TM. What strikes me in this day and age, or wisening process I wish/hope, is to make an advance no matter what the method, utilise it and make the money before someone else does the same. This in turn ideally envokes the change for greater good, like health, like eliminating poverty and more (enter notes on Balmer and Bill which were all enlightening and beautiful read at the very least).
We perhaps don't need an environment initially, just constructs to show the results and the rest (any generalisation if there is a need for them) should appear from it. The good old 'responsibility pushed to the user'. What I am aiming at (after some layman-type rumblings with myself) is a thought that in order for parallelism to really work is to have benefit from it, timely and more accurate data; all the software or platforms etc in the chain, or all interaction, are ideally designed with it in mind. Thus I find it is no surprise to see very little commercial bits available, esp where money is milliseconds, and even when some are found (like was it cambridge STL bits I believe), they are useless because there is an integration with a system unable to benefit from it.
Enter queues. But also enter the fact that no generalisation can be found for multi-writer, multi-reader (thread is the wrong term, parallel suits better I guess) scenarios. That + logic to assemble it all in such fashion that the 'serial' workhorse (historical-term:Viper extension) might get its logic (our apps) work done on just the dataset that is relevant, ie. the latest 'shapshot' is nowhere around.
I like to draw parallels to real-life (ie. no machines exist) all the time; information that is old is no longer useful for a good number of new ideologies or applications, about time someone deals with it yet it is almost a revelation in 2006, say Windows Mobile 2005 devices picking up email. As an example, at this time I am watching Intel's stock break out after a terrifying blow for almost 2 years now. What happened there is anyone's guess but my snapshot is only interested in whatever the arbitration logic decides is relevant at a point in time it chews the input, not necessarily the past (ie. almosty like queue filtering with some context data to help keep the search/sort operations from parallel input down or 'temporalised' ). Sure the workhorse (inner loop) can utilise further 'tool or software helped' parallel processing if it is built that way.
The rest in my mind has little benefit from parallel execution we like it or not and sure, algorithms and software tools can identify such things but will it work all the time, ie are these bits inner loops, and what headache will it give to software developer? Your comment on one-trick ponnies seems to be on similar lines (unless I am terribly confused, which isn't an issue here
Much the same the hardware guys like DEC kicked off and those bits sold to was it Compaq then Intel etc, ie. Alpha architecture or at least ideas from it. Thus, I believe all we need is some good hardware abstractions in forms of MWMR queues, extension points for our state/temporal/filtering logic, and (hate the term btw) 'pushed' and 'high-res versioned' data to help us build those. Sounds easy in this quick nonsense write up of mind, but probably hard enough to even begin with for most. Form-type, history and other 'audit-friendly' apps can wait, they had priority for far too long and they caused no revolution apart from WWW, blogs and Google, which is not small but no Holy Grail either
In any case, I gave up on big data storage (and compression of such) idea as reliability bits came into play (off goes the Morse&Isaac,Snodgrass etc out of my short lifespan:). Life gives such incredible reasons to not be obsessed with detail or clutter,
yet all programmers fall for and fall in love with it.
Many thanks for your reply and time.
'Optimisation is the root of all good' convert
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Let n>=2, p a large prime, G = SL_n(Z/pZ).
If n=2, there are words that, while not conjugate in the free group, do have identical trace in G. For example, tr(g h^2 g^2 h)= tr(g^2 h^2 g h) for all g, h in SL_2(Z/pZ).
Question: does the same happen for n>=3?
Could it even be possible that there are words w_1, w_2 that are not conjugate even in G=SL_n(Z/pZ), yet always have the same trace:
tr(w_1(g_1,g_2,..,g_k)) = tr(w_2(g_1,g_2,...,g_k)) for all g_1,...,g_k in SL_n(Z/pZ)?
This would be extremely helpful.
Actually, I just need a weaker statement:
Wild guess.- Let g, h be elements of SL_n(K), n>2. There is a constant k (which may depend on n but not on K) such that there are two elements a, b of the ball ({g,h,g^{-1},h^{-1},e})^k for which (1) tr(a)=tr(b) and (2) a is not conjugate to b (for g and h generic).
Does anybody have a clue as to whether this is or isn't true?


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Possible Duplicate:
Why did I just lose some reputation without any explanation in my profile?
Reputations on Stack Overflow deducted - Reason Unknown
I've noticed this past couple of weeks that my reputation has gone down twice without receiving any down votes. My reputation change history doesn't indicate any losses that I can see either.
I lost about 10 rep about a week ago, and I just lost another 5 rep today. Why would this be happening?


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(Al, PEP 8 Style Guide is more of an actual *requirement* for NB's PyClass(es) than is your awesome IYOCGwP)
(→PyClass Githubs)
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=== PyClass Githubs===
=== PyClass Githubs===
* [https://github.com/PythonNinjas PyClass Organization]
* [https://github.com/PythonNinjas PyClass Organization]
* [https://github.com/PythonNinjas/InventWithPython Textbook Code]
* [https://github.com/PythonNinjas/InventWithPython Textbook Code]
* https://github.com/noisebridge/Intro-Python
* https://github.com/noisebridge/Intro-Python
* https://github.com/noisebridge/web2py-noiselist
* https://github.com/noisebridge/web2py-noiselist
* https://github.com/noisebridge/flask-noiselist
* https://github.com/noisebridge/flask-noiselist
* https://github.com/tachang/django_noiselist
* https://github.com/tachang/django_noiselist
=== [Old] Class Slides ===
=== [Old] Class Slides ===
Revision as of 19:08, 8 January 2014
Noisebridge's Learning Python Classes
Come learn Python!!
See our awesome website for both PyClasses at Noisebridge Learning Python
- Advanced Class, Tuesdays at 7:00 - 9:00 PM PST
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Intro to Python schedule is here, see below to get the online texts for this Intro to Python class
The Advanced Class:
We are currently building a weekly schedule that you can peek at by clicking [here]
In general, this is your class, peeps! We are here to serve you, so any feedback is welcome.
After 9pm Tuesdays, we'll have open hacking time and time for questions for those that are kicking so much ass they just can't go home yet, or even for those that may have gone to Mondays' Front-end Web Development class and want to come back for more. If you have problems from work or home, feel free to bring them after 9 and everyone can help each other.
For redundancy, not 1 but 2(!) people will be helping run the Advanced Class. Please contact either of us with comments/questions:
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Cost: Free! That's right homies. Bring your good vibes and we are at your disposal!
Mailing List
Sign up for this now!
Once you join the mailing list, send a request to join the PyClass organization to https://github.com/egonSchiele
Intro to Python Texts
- Learn Python The Hard Way - A good introductory text with lots of exercises written by prolific programmer Zed Shaw
- Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist
PyClass Githubs
- PyClass Organization
- Invent with Python Textbook Code <404 Error>
- https://github.com/noisebridge/Intro-Python
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- https://github.com/noisebridge/flask-noiselist
- https://github.com/tachang/django_noiselist
[Old] Class Slides
Other Helpful Texts
- PEP 8 -- The highly recommended Style Guide for Python Code
- Invent Your Own Computer Games with Python - written by Noisebridger Al Sweigart, free to download here or here
- A Byte of Python
- Python in a Nutshell - a handy reference
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24 Hours Of LeMons - Lemons AgainWritten by on November 2, 2009 Circle Track's Honda Accord Takes To The Track Again
A couple of issues back we chronicled our entry into the 24 Hours of LeMons race series. Beginning with a '90 Honda Accord destined for the crusher, we showed you how the car was transformed into a racer (Sept. '09 issue) and then how we did in the April race at Carolina Motorsports Park in Kershaw, SC (Oct. '09 issue).
Long story short, despite brake issues we had an absolute blast. In case you missed it, you can check out those installments online at www.circletrack.com. Just search for "lemons."
So, when the low-cost racing series returned to Carolina Motorsports Park, so did we. In honor of one of our punishments from the spring race (a metal pig was welded to the roof of the car), we changed our team name to "The Pig Rig" and had grand plans for a new paintjob themed around The Other White Meat.
Unfortunately, those plans fell through due to laziness, but we did manage to make a few improvements to the race car based on the hard knocks we experienced at the racetrack previously. If you remember, brake failures sent us off the track three times. We went through four sets of front pads over the course of the two-day event and wasted way too much time bleeding the brakes because we were constantly boiling the DOT 3 fluid. Otherwise, the car ran very well.
So, to help keep things cooler we made a couple of changes based on recommendations we received from other race teams. While replacing the old rotors (which had warped from the heat), we removed the back plates and rigged up some cooling hoses that pulled air from the front bumper though holes where the turn signals used to be and directed them to the calipers. We also upgraded the pads from over-the-counter pads at our local chain auto parts store to a set of performance pads our friends at Performance Friction recommended for us.
The pads, Carbon Metallic PN 0465.20, turned out to be the best decision of all. Braking throughout the 14 hours of racing was consistent, and there was plenty of material left on the pad after the checkered flag flew. Otherwise, besides changing the oil and charging the battery, the car was practically unchanged.
At the track, we made it through tech without any trouble. The LeMons BS judges dinged us for 75 penalty laps the first time around, but cut the residual value of the car because it had already been through the LeMons ringer once and allowed us to start on the lead lap.
One-hundred thirteen cars started the race, and the carnage started right away. When trying to race $500 cars, something is bound to happen, and this crew didn't disappoint. We counted four fires, one flipped RX7 (broken wheel studs), and innumerable blown head gaskets. Thankfully, our Honda stayed together and improved brakes helped keep the car on the track. We did suffer one cut tire which unexpectedly cost us pit time and one visit to the penalty box for making contact with another car. The final result: Over the course of two days of racing Team Pig Rig finished 309 laps, which was 20 laps down to the winning RX7. Still, we were Sixth of 113 cars-even better than we had hoped after our 43rd the first time around.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
Themes are popular at the 24 Hours of LeMons, but this Honda had one of the best. That's a real Cessna wing on top, and the coolest part is the team used hydraulic struts so that parts of the wings lowered on the straights and then stood back up to provide more downforce through the turns. Did it help? Hard to tell because other mechanical problems kept it in the pits for much of the race.Although we solved our brake problems, that doesn't mean we don't have other areas we need to work on. Mainly, we can't get enough negative camber into the left-front wheel. The track is mostly left turns, and if we don't protect the tire this is what we wind up with after a long run.


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USB broadband dongles seem to be common everywhere now though I'm not sure what the most widely accepted name for them is. In case I'm using poor terminology I'm referring to USB sticks which contain a modem able to connect to telephone carriers mobile networks, generally prepaid in myriad varieties.
So I'm wondering if there are any known exploits, vulnerabilities, hacks, that I should know about.
(I have a Digi stick given to me by a friend here in Romania, I don't know much about it but it was free and it works great but won't work outside Romania of course)
P.S. I wasn't sure how best to tag this question.


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5 Things Our Kids Won't Have In School
#2. Valedictorians and Other Honors
The best part of having a valedictorian was that, like the Highlander and that one kid who insisted on wearing a fedora and a cape every day, every school could only have one. For most kids, the whole valedictorian thing was a non-issue. You knew by second period of your freshman year who would be in the running, and you didn't give it another thought. For an elite few, however, competing for that top spot was everything.
"I've had four breakdowns, but it's worth it because for 10 whole minutes I'm better than all of you."
Going Away Because ...
It's that fierce competition that's the problem. Some people just can't get over the fact that we can't all be valedictorians, so they'd rather eliminate the title altogether than let the rest of the class suffer the indignity of not being special for once.
Material for graduation gowns.
Better yet, why not just name anyone with an A+ average valedictorian? Then instead of letting each kid give a speech full of inspirational malarkey, let them do a skit! But maybe that won't work when you've got 10, 30 or 94 valedictorians valedictorianing it up like some kind of super genius army of number ones. In those cases you can do what schools in Colorado, New Jersey and Houston did: pick the speech giver by lottery.
"Better get used to it, 'cause this is how they're deciding job applicants now."
In other words, you could mentally just strike this one from the list. It's not so much that nobody will win, but that lots and lots of people will win, like how almost everybody makes the playoffs in hockey.
So what's next, getting rid of failing grades?
#1. Failing Grades
Everyone remembers their first F. Maybe you tried to hide it from your folks, or maybe you were so mad that you wiped your butt with it the next time you had the corn diarrheas. In any case, screwing up enough to get the red evidence of your teacher's disappointment was a rite of passage for all of us. But if some parents/educators/whiny babies get their way, failure really won't be an option.
Whole generations will grow to adulthood unable to forge their parents' signatures.
Going Away Because ...
Failure makes students feel bad. And nobody wants that, do they?
Which is why programs like Zeros Aren't Permitted (ZAP!) are getting implemented everywhere from California to Michigan. In a no-fail zone, students can get an A, B, C, D or H, which presumably stands for "Ha ha ha! You didn't think we would give you an F, did you??? Give us a hug, apple dumpling!"
"You kids write whatever the hell you want on these essays. Mr. Scotch and I don't judge."
Upon getting their H's, students have multiple opportunities to complete their work to the teacher's satisfaction; during study hall, after school or, in extreme cases, during Saturday school. We can mock the idea, but in some ways, it makes sense. After all, in the real world, you work until you get the task done. Quitting every time you failed at something would just get you fired.
"I totally messed up that appendectomy. Next time I'll make sure they don't want a sex change."
Plus, the goal of school isn't to sort the stupid from the smart, but to teach everybody as much as possible. For struggling students, zero after zero builds up into one great house of fail, and with no hope of recovery in sight. It should be about getting them caught up, not continuously reminding them of how stupid they are.
But as soon as we defend it, it gets ridiculous again: There are places where red ink has been banned when writing grades because it's too "confrontational" and "threatening." We don't want to embarrass anyone, so let's just say that the country in question rhymes with "England."
No pressure.
For more things we're in danger of losing, check out 6 Iconic Jobs That Are Going Away Forever and The 5 Most Likely Ways Humans Will Become Obsolete.


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SEOUL, South Korea (AP) " The U.N. Security Council condemned North Korea's launch of a long-range rocket that world leaders called a banned test of ballistic missile technology and another "intolerable provocation." The U.N.'s most powerful body pledged to quickly adopt a new resolution with "significant" new sanctions.
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Lady Gaga kicked off
As Peggy (Hayley Atwell) continues flirting with her non-corporeal crush Jason (
NASHUA, N.H. (AP) " With less than two days until New Hampshire voters go to the polls, Hillary Clinton took a trip to Michigan. And other candidates, including Jeb Bush, said their campaigns will go on no matter what the outcome Tuesday. Donald...
SANTA CLARA, Calif. (AP) " The Latest on Super Bowl Sunday from AP reporters covering the game, the telecast, the commercials and fans around the world (All times local):
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