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DOUGLASS–The Douglass Bulldogs football team feared the worst when star running back Austin Titus had an MRI taken Monday.
Coach Jeff Ast confirmed it Tuesday. Titus tore his ACL Saturday early during the first half of the Bulldogs' game against Bluestem. He will miss the remainder of the season.
Titus had to be helped off the field after a tough run and did not return.
A junior for the Bulldogs, Titus was the team's leading rusher. He had rushed for more than 200 yards in two consecutive games and already had a good game going with 71 yards and two scores against Bluestem.
With Titus out, the Bulldogs' offense likely will turn to several other running backs, including Drew Chadic, who got a lot of carries Saturday after Titus was taken out.
Location, ST | website.com


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WIU Home > COEHS > IDT > Graduate Program
About Our Graduate Programs
Program Options
Admissions Requirements
The graduate program in the Department of Instructional Design and Technology (IDT) offers instruction and hands-on training on instructional design and evaluation, distance learning, multimedia applications, educational video development, instructional software development, educational technology, computer-based graphics, and technology integration in the classroom and school building level. Students enter careers in a wide variety of corporate, K12 and higher education schools, and government sectors.
Online and Blended Learning Programs of Study
We offer both online and residential course formats for our graduate programs that provide learning and career opportunities that are flexible, affordable, and convenient to a diverse student population.
The M.S. degree is designed to prepare technology specialists; graphic designers; education technologists; trainers in industry and business; and classroom teachers to develop, produce, and evaluate instructional and training materials. The program provides students with knowledge and skills in the following areas:
- Distance learning applications in training and education,
- Multimedia applications in training and education,
- Course work and training program development,
- Systematic instructional design and evaluation of instruction and training,
- Instructional software development utilization, and
- Technology integration in the K-12 classroom and at the K-12 building level
Masters of Science Degree Emphasis Options
The Department of Instructional Design and Technology has two Master of Science degree options: 1) a Master of Science in Instructional Design and Technology, and 2) a Master of Science in Instructional Design and Technology with a Technology Specialist Emphasis. Post Baccalaureate Certificates in Instructional Design and Technology are also available.
IDT M.S - General Instructional Design and Technology Emphasis
Graduates of the program will enter or continue careers in interactive multimedia, computer-based graphics, and distance learning. Graduates may also use their skills to integrate technology in their classrooms or school and for professional development of educators. The program also serves students interested in pursuing advanced graduate studies in instructional design and related areas. Click here for more information.
IDT M.S. - Technology Specialist Emphasis
This program opens up new or expanded career opportunities to educators, preparing graduates to provide leadership in the use of technology in the classroom and in schools. Graduates will be able to effectively facilitate the integration of technology in their own classrooms for teaching and learning. They may also become technology specialists working with other educators at the building level. Coursework is done online and field experiences can be arranged through the graduate students' school.
Certified teachers who 1) complete the IDT Master's program with a Technology Specialist emphasis OR complete the Technology Specialist Post Baccalaureate Certificate, and 2) pass the required state tests can apply for an Illinois State Board of Education Technology Specialist (Type 10) certification. Click here for more information or Download PDF
Post-Baccalaureate Certificate Programs
The department offers certificate programs the following areas:
- Distance Learning (15 semester hours)
- Educational Technology Specialist (24 semester hours)
- Graphics Applications (15 semester hours)
- Multimedia (15 semester hours)
- Technology Integration in Education (15 semester hours)
- Training Development (15 semester hours)

subset: commoncrawl


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$f \circ g$ is usually interpreted as $f(g(x))$ although, as Google shows, $g(f(x))$ is used frequently too. My question: Does anybody know who was the first mathematician to use this symbol and what was his interpretation?
N. Bourbaki used $f\circ g$ with the interpretation $(f\circ g)(x)=f(g(x))$ in 1949 (Fonctions d'une variable réelle).
Looking at the Bourbaki papers, I found this example from 1944 (middle of page 5), with the same interpretation. I haven't found any older examples, although I haven't tried very hard. (Van der Waerden does not use this notation in his Moderne Algebra from 1930.)
It is certainly conceivable that the notation $f\circ g$ was invented by someone from the Bourbaki group. They were certainly very occupied with good notation, and André Weil introduced the modern symbol for the empty set in 1939 to be able to distinguish between $\emptyset$ and $0$. This notation for composition could have appeared from a similar discussion about $f(g(x))$ and $f(x)g(x)$.
I have never seen "$(f\circ g)(x)=g(f(x))$" in a math paper or book. Looking at a few of the results you quote from Google, the only academic papers I find there are either in computer science or engineering.
Maybe the confusion arises from the following fact: in Spanish (and maybe in French?) which is the language I took my undergrad classes in, one reads "$f\circ g$" as "$g$ composed with $f$". I remember this was a source of confusion for many students.
In dealing with categories and groupoids it is natural to write the composition of
$$A \xrightarrow{f} B \xrightarrow{g} C $$ as $$ A \xrightarrow{fg} C.$$ This convention is used in the book
Higgins, P.J., Categories and Groupoids, Van Nostrand Reinhold Mathematical studies 32, Van Nostrand Reinhold, London, (1971); Reprints in Theory and Applications of Categories, No. 7 (2005) pp 1--195. (downloadable)
and might be called the "algebraist's convention". I have found it very useful in dealing with double and higher categories and groupoids. It involves writing functions on the right as $(x)f$ as mentioned in other answers. This goes against the grain of course in dealing with the functions sin and log !
These ideas and notations, for example $x \mapsto x^2 +1$, evolved through trying to clarify the notion of function, and eventually finding both the domain and codomain were important, leading to a function being $f: A \to B$, with domain $A$ and codomain $B$. This arrow notation is one of the impetuses behind the notion of category. A further complication is that ordinary real number analysis and calculus is largely about partial functions $\mathbb R \to \mathbb R$, i.e. functions whose domain of definition is a subset of $\mathbb R$.
Typing $$\rm history\ mathematical\ notation$$ into Google turned up some sites that might be worth checking out, and it also gave Florian Cajori's book, A History of Mathematical Notations, which ought to be worth a look.


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I want to take control of my VMware ESXi 5 Server through Ubuntu 12.04.1 desktop. Unfortunately there is no client available for Ubuntu. How can I do it?
We had the same problem and our resolution was to run a Windows VM on our Ubuntu machines purely just to be able to run the VSphere Client
VMware player is a free download. Something to note, it is quite resource intensive and requires at least 4 GB of RAM to run smoothly on Ubuntu.
The vSphere Client is only available for Windows systems and it is not available for Linux systems.
The solution is to use vSphere Web Client.
More info in the VMware Knowledge Database.


text:
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The 6 Biggest Over-Achievements in the History of Marriage
#3. Rick Salomon
Rick Salomon's name probably sounds vaguely familiar. He's the guy who spent "1 Night in Paris" and "8 Weekends at the Doctor Fighting a New Strain of Gonorrhea Previously Unknown to Science." He also managed to marry two different Hollywood starlets, and plow the Vaginoplastied fields of countless more. So who the hell is this guy? A millionaire business owner? Some obscure European royalty? Leader of a drug cartel?
Or just some skeevy bro in a crappy t-shirt?
Rick Salomon is a poker player. He runs a gambling website. That's seriously it: Those are the credentials that make him starlet Spanish Fly.
In 2002 he married Shannen Doherty, who had just finished her run on Beverly Hills 90210 and was currently starring in the show Charmed, and as funny and kind of sad as that career path seems now, it was a big deal back then; the whole world thought her star was on the rise. And she chose to wed Salomon, whose career path involved "being really into card games."
A charmer, he is.
You'd think that the hard part of marrying a busy and successful actress might be getting to spend time with her, but not Salomon. He decided that if Doherty wanted to be graced with his presence, she was going to have to come to him in Vegas ... and maybe he'd throw her a pity-quickie in between hands if she was extra good and stayed quiet.
Salomon's vest there may be the single least tasteful article of clothing we've ever seen. And Brockway works here.
They spent so little time together that, when the marriage turned sour 9 months later, Doherty was granted not just a divorce, but a full annulment. The difference being that a divorce is the acknowledgment that a marriage just didn't work out, and an annulment is the court's way of stating that it never existed. The match between Salomon and Doherty was so bad that the legal system had to treat it like the Harry Potter world treats Lord Voldemort.
But having his last relationship end so terribly that it had to be erased from the annals of history did nothing to deter Salomon. He bounced right back and somehow managed to marry Pamela "Baywatch" Anderson five years later. Salomon actually spent time with his wife this time around...largely because he wanted to hijack the reality show she was set to star in. The plan was for the show to revolve around Anderson's job working in a Las Vegas Magic Show, but Salomon wanted it to focus entirely on their relationship, and on his gambling career. His logic being that people were more interested in seeing what hands Rick "Scum" Salomon will ante up for, than wanted to see Pamela Anderson's breasts transform into a tiger live on stage.
Seriously, this guy is the worst. We don't even have a joke here. Fuck Rick Salomon and his fat, ugly tongue.
He was such a persistent ass about hijacking her show that the entire production was sunk, no show was ever made, and two months later, Anderson filed for divorce. Guess what happened next? That's right: Annulled again. Anderson cited fraud as the reason for annulment on her paperwork, and the court granted it. We're not entirely sure what Salomon is up to now -- in part because we don't want to pay any more attention to this human bacterial infection than this article requires -- and in part because, after being erased from the legal system so many times, it's highly possible that Rick Salomon no longer technically exists.
If only.
#2. Andrew Robinson Stoney and Mary Eleanor Bowes
After inheriting her father's coal mining business in 1760, Mary Eleanor Bowes became the wealthiest woman in Britain, and a sought-after wife for 18th-century gold digging he-whores the world over. To top it all off, her first marriage was to an Earl who died after a few short years, meaning Mary's stock value actually benefitted from the partnership. She was still young, filthy rich, and now a member of the nobility to boot. In short: She was the holy grail for dudes with nice cheekbones who aren't good at working.
Her gigantic head was the talk of the Isles.
By comparison, her future husband, Andrew Robinson Stoney, was just a simple lieutenant in the Navy. He had no money, and no high-society title to speak of. Well, not unless "Earl of Dick Moves" counts. See, Stoney wasn't content with his station in life, so he came up with the most elaborate love scheme since the Parent Trap. The most amazing thing about it? It actually worked. When a series of mysterious letters appeared in the local paper scandalizing Mary, Stoney immediately stepped in and challenged the editor of the newspaper to a duel for her honor. He lost, badly, seemingly because sometimes karma actually works. Mary saw that he was mortally wounded, and found herself equal parts astonished, guilty, and impressed. When Stoney asked her to marry him as his dying wish, she figured it was the least she could do, to grant a final request to the man that died for her.
Above: What women really want.
But Stoney was less 'mortally wounded' and more 'covered in fake blood': The entire thing had been a set up to trick Mary, and it worked. When Stoney miraculously didn't die after the ceremony, but instead started doing victory laps around the altar while ironically screaming the lyrics to Kanye West's "Gold Digger," the jig was up. Fortunately, Mary ain't no punk, and so had hollered "we want pre-nup" before the marriage. Unfortunately, this was 1777, which meant that the courts just laughed at how cute it was that a woman thought the law applied to her. Look, she thinks she's people - aww!
Stoney easily got the pre-nup overturned and went on a shopping spree, burning through Mary's money like he was afraid the very concept of injustice was going to come to life and kick him in the balls at any minute. But he couldn't have Mary trying any of this pre-nup business again, so he locked her up in their house and kept her prisoner, only letting her leave under guard. During the time she was imprisoned, Stoney managed to essentially bankrupt the pair of them, fathered half a dozen illegitimate children on different women, and possibly reached through the mists of time to high-five Hitler for a job well done.
Pausing briefly to step on some kittens.
Mary eventually escaped, ran to the courthouse, and ordered up a Supersize Divorce with a side of Extra Divorce, to go. Even though it was nearly impossible for the courts to grant a woman a divorce in the 1780's, Stoney was worried about her case. So did he turn over a new leaf, beg for her forgiveness and try to rekindle that old spark they had when he faked his own death to trick her into marrying him?
Nope: Andrew Stoney believes there is no problem on this Earth that can't be solved with a good ol' fashioned kidnapping. So he did just that. Again.
Kidnapping is like duct tape for relationships.
He abducted Mary and carried her around all night on horseback, in her houseclothes, so the cold could get to her. He threatened death if she didn't withdraw the divorce, but Mary refused and was rescued the next day. She was granted her divorce soon after, and Stoney was arrested and found guilty of kidnapping, imprisonment and assault. He died in prison in 1810. We here at Cracked would've assumed he was faking it again to trick his cellmate, Rodrigo the Raper, into marrying him -- but the prison buried him. We doubt even Stoney was committed enough to a con to be buried alive.
#1. Christie Brinkley and Peter Cook
Christie Brinkley is one of, if not the most successful supermodel of all time. She's currently valued at around $60 million thanks to smart investing. Since 'supermodel looks' and 'ludicrously rich' are our only qualifications for potential mates (hell, we don't even specify gender,) we'd say she's pretty much as perfect as a human being can be. Her ex-husband, Peter Cook, however, was less impressed.
Maybe because she has Crazy Eyes.
Cook was a regular, run of the mill architect when Brinkley met him, and they married in 1996. Sure, successful architects can do pretty well for themselves, but Brinkley was making millions a year, appearing in dozens of fashion commercials, modeling for red carpet events and working out with Chuck Norris right before he became the punchline to his own joke -- by any rights she was out of his league. But instead of worshipping the ground she walked on, Cook was inordinately upset about being overshadowed by his superstar wife.
"W-why is everybody paying attention to HER? I can draw really, really straight lines!"
Cook started clambering for attention and acknowledgement from Brinkley for all the work he was putting into their family. Apparently he didn't get it: Fed up with his ungrateful, rich, supermodel, humanitarian wife not praising him for doing the dishes that one time the maid got sick, 49-year old Cook went off and had an affair with his 18-year old assistant. Cook originally denied the relationship, so Brinkley demanded his computer passwords to check out his stories. For the same reason you let cops search your car when you know you have weed under the seat, Cook gave his wife the information. She logged on to discover that not only was he cheating on her, but had also secretly been spending $3,000 a month on internet porn.
At that point, a couple of Russian brides become the more cost-effective option.
Forgive us the tangent, but we really need to stop and ask something now: How do you even do that?! You can't even buy Vaseline online without getting a free, month-long trial membership to every horrible fetish site in existence. It is physically impossible to spend that much on masturbation. The only explanation we can think of is that there must be some higher-level of rich people porn where all bodily fluids are replaced with diamond dust and Crystal.
Anyway, as one can imagine, the marriage ended pretty soon after that. Aside from the extravagant pornography and barely legal infidelity, Brinkley's case was helped along by a court-appointed psychiatrist who testified that Cook was "a narcissistic, self-destructive man."
The "and a total asshat, too" was merely implied.
For more bizarre tales of love, check out 6 Romantic Gestures That Backfired Horrifically and 10 Divorce Stories Too Strange to Make Up.


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>Crescent City California News, Sports, & Weather | The Triplicate
From roller skating to Dance Dance Revolution Mario, kids had a plethora of entertainment options at the fairgrounds on Saturday, but Echo Pearson whiled away her time at the petting zoo.
Echo Pearson cuddles a bunny at the petting zoo during the 13th Annual Youth and Family Fair on Saturday. Del Norte Triplicate / Jessica Cejnar
Sporting a tiger's whiskers, nose and stripes, the 8-year-old cradled a brown rabbit close to her chest and begged her mother, Amber Harrah, to allow her to stay when her brothers clamored to move on.
"Sissy doesn't want to let go of the bunnies," Harrah said to one brother.
Numerous families visited the 13th annual Youth and Family Fair, which coincided with Child Abuse Prevention Month and Earth Day. Outside, the Child Abuse Prevention Council's flag, raised earlier this month, fluttered in the breeze. And employees of the Del Norte Solid Waste Management Authority and Recology taught kids and their parents how and why they should recycle.
For years the Solid Waste Authority held a separate event at the Crescent City Cultural Center, said Authority Director Kevin Hendrick. This year, instead of competing with the fair, the authority staff decided to co-host the event.
In return for filling out a survey, hundreds of people received a free T-shirt from Hendrick and his staff. Near the end of the event, Hendrick only had a handful left and they were going fast.
"We would attract a couple hundred people, but (we felt) we were preaching to the choir," Hendrick said of the authority's prior festival. "This year we decided to jump on board. It's been a pleasure working with the Youth and Family Fair Committee. We've attracted 10 times more people."
In addition to celebrating Earth Day, the Youth and Family Fair's theme centered around a question county Supervisor David Finigan publicly asked earlier this year: "How are the children?" Nearly 40 agencies had booths with healthy snacks, activities for kids and information for parents, said Melodee Mitchell. The event has attracted close 2,000 people, she said, and every year it grows.
"We bring children and families together to educate parents and entertain children for free," Mitchell said, praising the volunteers and the effort it took to raise funds for the event. "It takes an entire community."
Tryon added that this year's fair represented four solid months of planning and preparing.
"We've been doing meetings since the first Friday of January," she said. "We have a devoted committee."
On Saturday, the Wonder Bus mobile library made an appearance, as did the goats, chickens and rabbits of the Wild River and Giddy Up N' Goats 4-H clubs. Students with the Tsunami Martial Arts Center showed off their karate skills and Del Norte High student Molly Aton performed a moving rendition of Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah".
Aton, who sings for the high school's stage band and Madrigals group and plays in the steel band, said she heard Cohen's song on "American Idol" and thought it would sound well paired with a ukelele.
"I love that song," she said.
The fair was sponsored by the Del Norte County Tobacco Use Prevention Program, the Solid Waste Management Authority, Recology and the county fair's 41st District Agricultural Association.
Mitchell said those organizations started hosting the fair after the Child Abuse Prevention Council was unable to continue due to funding issues.


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There has been much research dedicated to identifying markers, or patient characteristics, that would be useful in predicting the risk of recurrence from breast cancer following initial surgery. Traditionally, physicians used prognostic factors such as tumor size, number of involved lymph nodes, tumor grade, invasion into the lymphatic system, and receptor positivity to predict the chances of recurrence. Physicians also use this information to help decide on the type of therapy to offer or even whether or not to offer therapy at all. In general, when the risks of recurrence are greater than the risks of therapy, most physicians would support treatment. Of course, each case must be considered individually to take into account all other factors.
Unfortunately, even with all the currently available medical knowledge, our methods for predicting outcomes are still quite crude and simple. As a result, we may over treat some patients while under treating others. If we could know in advance which patients? are likely to recur, we would offer them more aggressive therapy while, avoiding exposure to cytotoxic agents to those patients who are likely cured from surgery alone. Recently investigators have tried using molecular markers to try to identify those patients at higher risk: the Her-2/neu oncogene is one such example. At the 26th annual San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, several interesting papers were presented that looked into the use of prognostic and predictive factors for breast cancer. One particular paper touted the development of a novel, commercially available assay that can help assess the probability of breast cancer recurrence by ascribing a "Recurrence Score".
A novel twenty-one gene, real-time, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, developed by Genomic Health Inc, preformed favorably in a large scale, prospective multi-center validation study presented at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. This investigation succeeded in reliably separating patients into two groups: low and high ten-year risk of disease recurrence. Such information should enable the physician to reserve chemotherapy only of those patients who are most likely to derive a benefit – the higher risk patient population.
A big coup for the new assay is that it is able to use paraffin embedded, or fixed, as opposed to fresh, tissue samples to run this analysis. Tissue handling is a very important point, as some preservation techniques are not ubiquitously available. Paraffin preservation is a technique used in all pathology labs for evaluating the breast tumor under a microscope. By contrast, gene microarray assays, although they show tremendous potential in predicting disease recurrence, require special tissue handling that is impractical outside a large tertiary care institution.
This novel assay, known as OncotypeDx, is likely to become available for routine use sometime this month. It will be preformed by a central clinical reference laboratory in Redwood City, California.
Inventors of this novel assay were able to use the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project?s (NSABP) extensive patient database to design a prospective, blinded, multi-center validation trial. The NSABP is a non-profit clinical trials cooperative group, which includes a network of many health care professionals located throughout the US and Canada. Research conducted by the NSABP is supported primarily by grants from the National Cancer Institute (NCI). www.nsabp.pitt.edu
The following was paper presented at San Antonio:
Presenter: Paik S
Development for this assay was largely driven by the fact that currently available treatment options for lymph node negative, estrogen receptor (ER) positive patients are based on predictive factors that have limited predictive power or are not reproducible from study to study. There is a clear need for better and more robust markers that would ideally be able to stratify all patients into either a high or a low relapse risk group. Therapy could then be tailored to each of these groups of patients. The OncotypeDx development and validation study was a multi-step effort. First, the assay itself, quantifying gene expression was developed. This assay is unique in that it can simultaneously examine multiple genes for overexpression using paraffin embedded tissue blocks as opposed to fresh samples. Once the technique was perfected, representative genes were selected from the human genome using microarray technology. Investigators note that twenty-one genes were selected from 250 candidate cancer related genes. Using data from three different previously reported clinical trials; the study investigators assured themselves that the chosen genes were indeed overexpressed in relapses breast cancer. Finally, using tissue samples from another large NSABP clinical trial, investigators prospectively validated the "Recurrence Score" as a reliable predictive measure of disease.
The OncotypeDx assay calls for ribonucleic acid (RNA) extraction and purification from tissue specimens. Next, the RNA is analyzed using a technique called RT-PCR. RT-PCR enables scientists to analyze gene expression of several hundred genes at the same time. It is extremely sensitive, specific, and highly reproducible. OncotypeDx, however, analyzes overexpression of twenty-one selected genes in the patient RNA sample. Using an algorithm that takes into account the expression of the twenty-one genes in the tumor sample, each patient is assigned a "Recurrence Score" on a scale from 0 to 100. The Recurrence Score correlates to the likelihood of disease relapse. Additionally, the Recurrence Score categorizes patients into a risk group – low, medium, or high risk. A score of <18 is considered to be in the low risk category. A recurrence score equal to or over 31 puts the patient in the high-risk group.
Investigators examined an initial pool of over 40,000 candidate genes. The list initially narrowed to 250 genes using cancer literature, microarray data, genomic databases and molecular biology information. These 250 genes were tested in 447 patients for validation and further reduction.
The next step was to test the 250 candidate genes in patients. Three breast cancer studies were used to assess the reliability of these genes in predicting recurrence. The largest of these three trials was the NSABP B20 trial that included 233 node negative, ER positive patients, all of whom took Tamoxifen for five years. The other two studies included ER negative and lymph node positive patients (Rush Presbyterian, Chicago IL. study and Providence St. Josephs Hospital, Burbank, CA trial). Available tumor blocks on these patients were examined. RNA was extracted and gene expression was evaluated. A univariate analysis of the genes found 41 genes associated with relapse free survival. Some of these genes included Grb-7 (p<0.0001) and survivin (p= 0.0002). In the end, twenty-one genes were selected as the most robust predictors for relapse: 16 cancer genes and five reference genes. Please see below for a list of the genes.
A large prospective validation trial was conducted using data from the NSABP B-14 trial. The aim of this study was to validate the Recurrence Score as a predictor of distant recurrence in node negative, ER positive, Tamoxifen treated patients. This study looked only at those patients who were randomized to receive Tamoxifen in the NSABP B-14 trial. Patient tissue samples were probed by RT-PCR for the pre-specified 21 genes. The individuals handling the tissue specimens were blinded to patient outcomes. Unfortunately, due to lack of tissue availability, out of the 2,500 participants in the NSABP B-14 trial, only 668 patients were evaluable in this validation effort. Investigators were quick to point out that despite the low number of people, this subset of patients did accurately represent the total population in the NSABP B-14 trial by the major characteristic examined like tumor size and patient age.
At a mean follow-up of 10.9 years, the Recurrence Score accurately predicted risk of disease recurrence. Investigators showed that ten-year disease free survival in those patients with a low recurrence score was significantly better than the ten-year disease free survival in the patients with a high recurrence score. The ten-year rate of recurrence was found to be 6.8% in the low risk group (Recurrence Score <18) and 30.5% in the high-risk group. (Recurrence Score >31). These results were found to be highly significant (p<0.00001). Using statistical calculations, investigators were further able to prove that a Recurrence Score is a more powerful predictor of distant recurrence than primary tumor size or patient age (p<0.00001). It is also a more powerful predictor than tumor grade, as the latter is subjective and varied between different readers. Recurrence Score, although correlated modestly with tumor grade, is an objective and reproducible prognostic factor that is much more powerful than tumor grade.
In summary, the NSABP B-14 trial has validated the Recurrence Score in ER positive, lymph node negative, Tamoxifen treated patients. Recurrence scores are thought to provide accuracy and precision in predicting the likelihood of distant disease recurrence. In addition, Recurrence Scores are found to be stronger prognostic tools in assessing risk of relapse than standard measures such as patient age, tumor size, and tumor grade.
There are, however, a few limitations to the OncotypeDx. First off, the majority of the twenty-one genes used in the RT-PCR screen are those associated with either estrogen and cell proliferation They represent only additional prognostic markers and do not indicate which patient may benefit from more aggressive upfront therapy. Second, the significant differences seen in this analysis are only between the low and high-risk groups. Therapy decisions for patients with an intermediate Recurrence Score should be based on standard predictive factors used previously. Finally, it is crucial to recognize that this assay applies only to ER positive, lymph node negative patients treated with Tamoxifen. Thus a new patient who is found to be lymph node negative and ER positive could send her tissue specimen for evaluation and the Recurrence Score would only be applicable if she would take Tamoxifen for five years. Put another way, the score cannot influence the decision of whether or not to take Tamoxifen.
Perhaps the biggest criticism of the study is that the prospective validation analysis was carried out in an inappropriate group of patients if the intended question is to evaluate the benefit of chemotherapy in the high Recurrence Score group. None of the participants in the NSABP B-14 trial received any chemotherapy as part of the trial. Therefore, a high Recurrence Score still does not immediately translate to a benefit from system chemotherapy.
Genomic Health Inc, will make this test available sometime this month or next. It has not yet received FDA approval and the cost is yet to be determined.
The 21 selected genes: Best RT-PCR performances and most robust predictors.
OncoLink is designed for educational purposes only and is not engaged in rendering medical advice or professional services. The information provided through OncoLink should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or a disease. It is not a substitute for professional care. If you have or suspect you may have a health problem or have questions or concerns about the medication that you have been prescribed, you should consult your health care provider.
Information Provided By: www.oncolink.org | © 2016 Trustees of The University of Pennsylvania


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James Paick's portfolio. Lots of fantastic work there.
Keywords: gnomon school of digital Arts production design 1 class teacher concept artist James Paick digital technical environmental concept ship art designer
Tuesday, September 30, 2008
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I am an inexperienced logician, so I may be completely missing something major in this question. I also may be misconstruing the idea of decidability. However, I was wondering if all 6 of the remaining Millennium Prize Problems are decidable in the sense of Gödel. If any of the associated theories were not decidable, wouldn't that have far-reaching applications in the world of mathematics? Thanks in advance, and I hope that my question makes sense.
closed as off topic by Gerald Edgar, Harry Gindi, Mark Sapir, Zev Chonoles, Mariano Suárez-Alvarez♦ Apr 18 '11 at 17:41
Questions on MathOverflow are expected to relate to research level mathematics within the scope defined by the community. Consider editing the question or leaving comments for improvement if you believe the question can be reworded to fit within the scope. Read more about reopening questions here.If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
There are very few results which allow us to know that a mathematical claim will be provable or disprovable within ZFC without actually proving or disproving it. To the best of my knowledge, the only exceptions are theories which have quantifier elimination. Few1 open mathematical problems which people are interested in are of this sort, and none of the Millenium problems are. So any of the Millenium problems could be independent of ZFC (except for the Poincare conjecture, because it has been proved!)
You might be particularly interested in Scott Aaronson's survey on whether or not it is likely that $P \neq NP$ is independent of ZFC.
1 Here is an example of a question which I know is decidable in ZFC, yet whether the answer is "yes" or "no" is open.
This is the a first order question about real numbers, so it is decidable by Tarski's theorem. The analogous result for four dimensional vectors was only obtained in 2003; if you can get the answer for $5$ dimensions, it should be publishable in a good journal. I think this about as interesting a question as one can find which is definitely settleable in ZFC, yet still open. Most questions mathematicians care about are not of this form (and, in my opinion, are much more interesting).
Most of the Millennium Prize Problems are individual problems, with a single yes or no answer. Decidability as a question only really makes sense in the context of a countably infinite family questions, where you can ask whether it's decidable which of those questions should be answered yes.


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Ceremonial Faces
Jeff Pridie
August 28, 2009
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Sun Mask
Transformation Mask
Richard Hunt
Artist Unknown (Tsimshian)
Artist Unknown (Yup'ik)
Pacific Northwest Coastal Tribal Masks and Art
It is a paradox that our belated interest in aboriginal arts manifests itself at precisely the time when most of these native forms of expression are disappearing. Museums and private collectors are eagerly searching for the magnificent relics of the sinking traditions of Africa, the South Seas, and the Americas. These societies left no written records and we know more about the history, aspirations, and visual arts of the ancient Sumerian and Egyptian civilizations than we do about the more recent native cultures of West Africa. However, the awesome sculpture of Africa that can still be found, such as the three carved masks which have now entered the Institute's collection, do provide insight into this vast and unfamiliar world.We do know, for example, that powerful feudal empires, at their height in Africa between the sixteenth and late eighteenth centuries, extended from the Nigerian coast to the eastern limits of the Congo. These were absolute autocracies in which great power was accorded the king, whose identification with legendary or divine ancestors gave force and form to the development of an elaborate hierarchy of vassals, warriors, and slaves. Many of these hereditary ruling classes traced their ancestry to the northern invaders from the Arab-dominated Sudan: this is evident in the diffusion throughout Negro Africa of characteristically Arabic abstract visual forms, which are conspicuously mingled with indigenous naturalistic traditions of black Africa.Until quite recently, many Western art historians assumed, primly, that native peoples living in a condition of technological impoverishment did not and could not produce "high" art. The intense, often disquieting artistic expression of African "savages" were regarded as curiosities, crude and inadequate as sculpture when compared to the lofty ideals of the "classical legacy." And even now there is still a tendency on the part of enlightened observers, suddenly aware of the grandeur of these fading cultures, to lump all productions of primitive societies together and to see them as undifferentiated. While in African art there is clearly some consistency in the types of objects produced, through more or less similar general motivations, the variety found in these forms is a reflection of many disparate, long-established traditions and distinct cultures.The masks of Africa, impressive for the diversity of their forms and for their wide range of variations on the human physiognomy, constitute an excellent introduction to African art. Masks were central objects in initiations as well as commemorative and funerary rites, and were utilized during vivid ceremonies conducted by ancestor cults and secret societies. In contrast to the related carvings of ancestors or powerful deities made for use within a shrine or an intimate enclosure, masks were intended for public display. They usually formed the major element of elaborate dance costumes and were seen by the tribe within the dramatic context of the sound, light, and movement of the spectacle. Holes drilled around the periphery of the mask held a variety of ornaments such as bells, beading, plumes, and assorted vegetation, which covered the body of the dancer, transforming his identity for the sacred occasion. (The African dance costume reached such complexity, as in the case of the Guinea Coast Poro Society rituals, that the relatively small face masks virtually disappeared under a mass of straw and foliage.)To see a mask isolated in a museum is as removed from the original experience as looking at a fragment of classical sculpture which was once an intrinsic part of the decoration of a long-extinct temple. From the vantage of today's aesthetics, such a separation of function and form is not necessarily a deterrent to enjoying the work, however, for it can stand on its impressive formal qualities alone.Thoroughly individualistic, yet reflecting fully developed carving styles, the three African masks in the collection of The Minneapolis Institute of Arts are excellent introductions to the impressive sculpture of three different cultures: the Baluba tribes of the eastern Belgian Congo, the Sudanese Bobo peoples, and the Cameroons grassland tribes.1 Each mask in the group exemplifies a traditional type, combining various formal elements from its particular locale and faithful in manufacture and use to its own distinct tribal conventions.While these masks may at first appear astonishingly individualistic to Western eyes, they do in fact illustrate the conservatism inherent in most African art styles. It would seem that to ignore local conventions of carving was equivalent to heresy in many of these aboriginal societies. Yet, within the limits of an established regional iconography, there is latitude that permits the carver to combine in original ways the elements drawn from the approved vocabulary of forms and symbols understood by his group. For example, a mask whose general structure readily identifies its origin may be unique in details of headdress, painted decoration or, perhaps less apparently, the relationship of sizes and proportions of facial features. Variations may also exist in the wood from which the mask has been carved.The forms of the Congo Baluba masks show a liberal assimilation of stylistic elements from neighboring tribes; in general, masks throughout the Congo are less consistent than the carved ancestor and power figures from the same area. Figures were generally commissioned for use by an individual or a clan and, as indicated, were not often shown publicly. Their style, as a result, tended to be more conservative and less inventive than that of the carved masks. The fact that masks were evolved for use by inter-tribal societies and were exhibited before an often-heterogeneous audience might partially account for this decidedly greater variation.The Institute's Baluba mask (see cover and figure 1) can be compared in type to an exceptional example of the pure and classic Baluba style, the celebrated horned mask (figure 2) at the Musée Royal du Congo Belge in Tervuren, Belgium.2 Like the Tervuren piece, the Minneapolis mask may have represented an important ancestor whose presence was invoked for sacred initiation rituals. Especially characteristic of Baluba style is the sharp edge, which extends from the base of the nose, terminating in a point at the top of the forehead. The striated, tab-like beard is also common, but the mouth of the mask, roughly squared off at the sides, is a feature more prevalent in masks and carved figures of the more northerly Basonge peoples. The smooth, high-domed forehead, another distinctly Baluba characteristic, is imitative of the shaved hairlines traditional with these peoples, just as the mask's headdress was inspired by the profusion of wicker crescents over which they worked and fitted their hair, forming it into elaborate, highly personalized arrangements for display on great occasions. The crescents are combined with representations of a complex of animal horns, fitted around the back of the head. Almost no two Baluba sculptures use precisely the same headdress, and in the case of the Institute's mask, variation in this respect is extreme. The carver has exploited with considerable sensitivity the visual possibilities of contrast between the relatively smooth, untextured face and the luxuriant, textured swirls of stylized hair and supporting crescents.By contrast with the Baluba tribes, the Bobo peoples, who live in the area bordering the French Sudan and the Upper Volta region, have long produced an art of highly rarefied abstraction. That locale, still within the sphere of Arabic culture, is heavily steeped in the ancient Islamic tradition which regarded naturalistic depiction, especially representation of the human figure, as idolatrous. Throughout this vast section a distinctly Arabic-inspired design was used, a vitalized geometry of elegant contours and airy, perforated masses, which was adapted to the native African institution of making masks and ancestor figures. But the Bobo represent a number of groups whose languages are mutually unintelligible and whose various art styles, while within the impressive Sudanese tradition, are extremely varied. In essence, a Bobo mask is as much painting as sculpture. The entire mask (figure 3) is actually a support or background for vivid and restless ornament, and the roughly incised and exuberantly painted surface of the mask is in contrast to its fragile wooden understructure. In profile, the Institute's Bobo mask (figure 4) resembles the more massive Senufo and Guro horned animal forms, and its symmetry is casual, a loose complex of rough triangles and arcs tightly contained within a tense, serrated contour. The flamboyance and emotionalism of Bobo styles reach the feverish heights of the lavishly polychromed Sepik River masks of New Guinea; in feeling they are closer to Melanesian art than any other African style.The Bobo mask made its spectacular public appearance during elaborate commemorative and "renewal" dances and rites associated throughout the Sudan with the spring planting ceremonies. These were rituals symbolizing the universal African obsession with fertility, increase, and growth. The mask was intended to serve as a protecting ancestor spirit and as a totemic guarantor of continued fertility for the tribe and its crops. The Bobo held these masks to be so sacred that one that was accidentally broken or beyond repair was interred with ceremony and then replaced.Such animals as antelopes, hawks, roosters, and oxen are frequently portrayed in these masks. Sometimes elements of several animals are combined, as in the Institute's mask, whose bird-beaked faceplate is surmounted by an attenuated palette suggesting at once an antelope horn and a serpent. Such ambiguity of forms is perfectly consistent with African cosmology, which makes easy transition between the real and the spirit worlds. For example, the recognizable animal forms of these masks may represent the actual characteristics of the animal as well as stand for protective spirits, watchful ancestors, and legendary culture heroes. Consequently, in this Bobo mask, many levels of meaning are implicit and exist simultaneously.The exuberant, robust sculpture of the Cameroons savannah descends from a humanistic visual tradition whose earliest recorded appearance is in the elegant and accomplished portraiture of the ancient Nigerian city-states of Ife and Benin. This variety of naturalism, found largely on the West African coast, is also seen in the carved figures and masks of the contemporary Yoruba peoples of Nigeria and is heightened in the stirring, ecstatic facial expressions and postures of the figure sculpture of the Bakongo tribes of the lower Congo Basin.A collection of feudalistic societies whose rituals and art are centralized around local kings or chiefs, the Cameroons peoples of the high plateaus, the savannah area, have a culture which is still among the most vital in Africa. This region includes the grassland tribes, those enormously prolific wood carvers and masters of bronze casting, whose lavish production covers masks, figures, doorposts, ceremonial stools, and other elaborately shaped and embellished objects of daily and ritual use. The various tribes of the region are specialists in manufacturing objects for trade with their neighbors; some stress brass or beaded work, others concentrate on making masks and ancestor figures.The third mask belonging to the Institute (figure 5) appears to have been collected in the Bali region, an area along the west central border of the plateau. Its form is very close to those of the nearby, perhaps better known Bekom and Bamum areas, but these grassland carving styles are so consistent that it is often quite difficult to distinguish exact tribal variations. However, the facial expression of the Institute's mask is distinguished by a kind of leanness, almost a voracity that the more full-blown, seemingly benign northern and eastern Cameroons styles do not share. Nevertheless, this mask, probably used by a totemic and militaristic secret society, embodies most of the attributes of Cameroons sculpture.From the front (figure 5), the mask exhibits a vital interplay of free-swinging arcs and volumes, which comprise the features and facial planes. Roughly carved, with tool marks clearly evident, its vigorous features are overwhelmingly cartoon-like in the bulbousness of the eyes and cheeks, but refined and elegant in the subtly arched nose. This frontal rotundity is in absolute contrast to the complex of large and small triangular shapes into which the mask resolves when considered from the side. Generally the handling of the features falls well within the Cameroons grassland styles but the elongated jaw of the mask is quite unique.Since the mask was worn on the top of the head as a helmet, there was no need for eyeslits to serve the masked dancer. Worn at such height, and at a sharp angle, the elongated features suddenly foreshorten and the exaggerated length of the face, as well as its unusual depth and swelling volumes, seems less startling. It is an ingenious method of presenting the illusion of a fantastic personage who, in a dance, would tower impressively over the audience.Masks or figures usually remained unconsecrated, unless first anointed in palm oil or some complex mixture of substances intended to activate their supernatural properties. Traditionally, in African sculpture the color white represents death and is painted or rubbed on many memorial carvings of masks and ancestor figures. Red, obviously enough, has been associated with the life force. As with most African masks, the Institute's Cameroons mask was enhanced, perhaps even brought to the necessary state of efficacy, by being painted in part with kaolin, a local white clay, and then apparently further adorned with t'koola, a red powder made from ground camwood used throughout western Africa.Sometimes the headdresses of Cameroons masks are perforated with intricate foliage-like designs or are composed of an elaborately carved iconography of spirits, serpents, crocodiles, spiders, or even a maze of weapons—all important to the social and religious ethos of the tribe. The turban of this mask, however, is probably its least standardized element, being one of a number of variations on an adapted form of Arabic headdress.Certain generalizations about African art can be made even on the limited basis of the three examples of masks considered above. In this art the human figure is the central subject, regardless of the degree of abstraction achieved by the artist. But the human presence is apparent far beyond the subject matter alone and is implicit in the vital and expressive handling of the sculptural material. Even the most geometric examples, such as the Bobo mask, transcend the merely mechanical; geometry is always subordinated to expressive intent. African sculpture is primarily an art of closely contained volumes, with painting usually a decorative and refining adjunct. The Baluba and Cameroons masks are almost totally sculptural in their impact. However, since its immediate impact comes from its color, the Bobo mask is a salient exception to this generalization.The masks and figures of Africa must be considered within the great corpus of major anonymous sculpture. These works represent the accomplishments not of single artists but of long-established communal traditions. This art expresses an attitude absolutely opposite to the individualistic position of the artist in our society. Yet the impressive formal qualities and emotional force of African sculpture, as so well exemplified in these masks, continue to arrest and influence the most thoughtful and inventive among contemporary artists.Endnotes Baluba Mask, Acc. No. 53.14, height 19 1/2"; width 16", Gift of Stephen, Peter, and Michael Pflaum in memory of their grandfather, Arthur B. Cohen. Bobo Mask, height 163 1/2"; width 7 1/2", Miscellaneous Purchase Fund. Cameroons Mask, height 16"; width 11", Miscellaneous Purchase Fund. Musée Royal du Congo Belge, No. 23470, height (with beard) 24 3/4" (63 cm.). The author is indebted to Mr. Albert Maesen, Curator, Department of Ethnography, Musée Royal du Congo Belge, for his kindness in providing this photograph and for granting permission to publish it. Referenced Works of Art Wooden Helmet Mask Baluba, 19 1/2 x 16", Gift of Stephen, Peter, and Michael Pflaum in memory of their grandfather, Arthur B. Cohen (full-face reproduced on cover, side view) Wooden Mask, Baluba, height 24 3/4", Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Tervuren, Belgium Wooden Dance Mask, Bobo Tribe, 163 1/2 x 7 1/2", Miscellaneous Purchase Fund, 1958 Bobo Mask (side view detail) Wooden Dance Mask, Cameroons Grasslands (Bali Trine), 16 x 11" Miscellaneous Purchase Fund, 1958 Cameroons Mask (three-quarters view)
The Minneapolis Institute of Arts Bulletin: Three African Masks
Martin L. Friedman
Artist Unknown (Bamum)
Artist Unknown (Guro)
Artist Unknown
Carving: A Dogon Kanaga Mask
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Bring the Tour to your class!
It's my favorite time of year! The Tour de France is on and we, as Spin Instructors, are blessed with 21 awesome profiles to bring pro cycling to our classes! I hope you are tuning in to catch the action, not to mention the form and technique these guys bring to the game!
I have a basic formula I use every year to simulate the tour stages in my class. Go to http://www.letour.fr/le-tour/2013/us/. Click on "routes" and pick one. I like to teach an upcoming stage as its gets people interested in watching the tour. (Encourage riders to "ride it today, watch it tonight!) The website has some great descriptions of the stages and the challenges the riders will face.....great insight into the Energy zones you will be teaching! Click on "Stage Profile" and print it out! I always post this page on the front door to the studio!
You now have your profile. Add music. Easy Breezy (Bob Roll speak!) I search "French and Italian" on I tunes. Some of my favorites are Gilbert Montagne, In-Grid, Kate Ryan and Café Del Mar.
Make it big! Announce the stage ride the week before. Post the profile everwhere! I hang my Tour flag on the door; you can cover the door or entryway in yellow! Wear the yellow jersey! Have fun!
Next week I will talk about different techniques to replicate the starts, pace lines, and final sprints. The TT is also a blast to teach! Stay tuned!


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Kevin Young
- Position(s):
- Born:
- June 16, 1969
- Bats:
- Right
- Throws:
- Right
- Height:
- 6' 3"
- Weight:
- 210 lbs
- Major League Debut:
- 7-12-1992 with PIT
Part of the trio of rookies counted on to develop into stardom and return the Pirates to the post season following the team's three playoff failures in the early 1990's, Kevin Young turned out to have the most significant career of the three for the Pirates despite not having appeared in a playoff game.
Young had been a third baseman in the minor leagues, but had problems defensively. Despite his fielding difficulties, Young's line drive bat moved him through the minors quickly and in his third professional season was named the International League's Rookie of the Year in 1992 as he hit .314 and led the league with 91 runs scored. Brought up to the Bucs for a couple of games in the middle of the year and again at the end of the season, Young went 4-for-7 with a pair of walks. Although several of the Pirate stars left or were traded after the season, one who remained was third baseman Jeff King, not only a power threat but a fine defensive player as well. Jim Leyland and his staff decided to try Young at first and Young, blessed with more range than most firstbasemen as well as quick hands, impressed. He not only showed agility around the bag, but set a new team record while leading the league with a .998 fielding average. But Young's offense, figured to be his strength, disappointed. He had a big, looping swing and whilehe seemed to be able to handle breaking balls, Young had trouble getting around on major league fastballs. He hit just .236, but this was a noted improvement from the .196 mark which showed next to his name on the scoreboard on June
Young's improved hitting was enough to help him return in 1994, but when he got off to a poor start once again, he was sent to AAA Buffalo. He bounced back and forth between the two teams, hitting just .205 with one homerun with the big club.
Young failed to make the team in spring training, 1995, and went to AAA once again. The Pirates had moved their affiliation to Calgary and Young got off to a torrid start, batting .356 with eight homeruns in 45 games. With King no longer wanting to play third, Young was recalled and saw most of his action that year at the hot corner. He showed improved power, but continued to strike out too often and his batting average once again was disappointing. Failing to impress enough to make the team in 1996, Young, still only 26, was released near the end of spring training. He was signed to a minor league contract by the Kansas City Royals and after again posting strong AAA numbers was recalled, but once more, Young failed to hit .250 in the major leagues. Ironically, King, along with Jay Bell was traded to the Royals after 1996 and Young's fate was again negatively effected by his presence as the Royals released him. With the situation in Pittsburgh having drastically changed in the course of eight months, General Manager Cam Bonifay signed Young to yet another minor league deal with an invitation to spring training for Although he hit just .214 with a pair of homers in Florida, Young's experience and versatility helped him make the team.
Young hit well from the start of the season and soon pushed slumping first baseman Mark Johnson to the bench. After hitting over .300the first three months, he upped his offensive output to .337 with 26 rbi's in 28 games in July and Young was leading the surprising Central Division Contenders in homeruns and rbi's as well as batting .316 when he injured his thumb diving for a ball on August 2. The injury shelved him for more than a month, taking the team's best hitter out of the lineup. As the Pirates appeared to waste opportunities while Young was out, the ballplayer's frustration grew. Just prior to his being pronounced able to return to the lineup, Young engaged in a clubhouse tirade after the Pirates had dropped a difficult 3-2 decision to the Cubs on September 14. The next night, Young hit a tenth inning homerun to win the game in his first at bat since the injury. Although the outburst and game winning homerun gave the team a needed jolt, Young's injury greatly effected his hitting the final two weeks of the season and the team was unable to catch the Astros.
Now viewed as a team leader, Young set career highs in almost every offensive category in 1998. His average fell off to .270, but he drove in 108 runs and hit 27 homers, in the process becoming the first Pirate since Willie Stargell in 1973 to drive in 100 while hitting 25 homeruns and 40 doubles in the same season. He also continued to impress defensively, but a cold September prevented him from posting higher numbers. The Pirates, though, appreciated his hard play and saw him as a player who could be a cornerstone of the rebuilding franchise and he was signed to a four-year, $24 million contract extension through 2003.
Young made the investment look good in 1999, again smacking 25 homeruns, 40 doubles and knocking in 100 runs. He also stole 23 bases and scored over 100 runs for the first time in his career. Strangely, however, he had a poor year defensively, committing 23 errors, many coming on throws to secondbase. It was thought a knee problem might have effected his fielding and he underwent arthroscopic surgery following the season.
After a decent start, Young struggled the second half of 2000 as all of his numbers dropped. His movements around the field seemed to slow as well and fans started to get on him. When his numbers fell further in 2001, fans called for Lloyd McClendon to go with someone else at first. Young rebounded somewhat, especially in the field, in 2002, but suffered his second consecutive sub-.250 season McClendon began to play Craig Wilson more often at first during the latter stages of the campaign. It was for all intents and purposes the end of his major league career as the first baseman hit only .202 in 96 at bats in his final major league season in 2003
While Young endured much criticism over his final four seasons, he remained a classy guy in his response to fans and did not alibi for his performance on the field. Perhaps Young the man was best depicted on September 14, 1997, the day he let lose with emotion in the Pirate clubhouse. The last player to leave the stadium that day, Young was greeted by a couple of dozen fans requesting his autograph. The firstbaseman simply smiled and obliged, never giving a hint anything had upset him earlier.
- Tagged:
- Kevin Young, Pittsburgh Pirates, firstbase


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I have been trying to integrate Open Graph into my website. It is basically a wordpress blog. Each post is considered an article.
I created an Open Graph app, and used Open Graph API so it will post read actions (news.reads) whenever user reads an article. This has been done thanks to the instructions provided in Facebook's great tutorials.
I also added a log in button which asks for the following permissions: publish_actions, read_stream, publish_stream.
First issue I am having
When I used my own account, as the developer, everything worked just fine. The read actions were successfully posted on my Timeline. However, when I used a different Facebook account (my brother's), the actions weren't posted at all. I allowed the same permissions with both accounts (publish_actions, read_stream, publish_stream), so why did it work on my account but didn't work on my brother's?
Second issue I am having
Another strange behavior I have found, is that when viewing my own timeline using my brother's account, I am not able to see the read actions that were published earlier. When viewing the same timeline from my real account, these read actions exist. This is very strange because they are all set to be public posts.


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Joël Hébert and Steve Syfuhs on Securing .NET Applications
- Posted: Feb 24, 2012 at 3:45PM
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Security experts Joël Hébert and Steve Syfuhs talk all about security – principles, documentation, attack vectors, testing tools, and more.
For a deeper look at ASP.NET security
Joël Hébert [ASP.NET MVP] is the Director and Chief Architect at Opulent ASP Development Inc. where he works as a consultant specializing in ASP.NET Enterprise Architecture/Development. He has developed large-scale web applications and Computer Aided Audit Tools for CaseWare-IDEA and is currently working on federal government projects. He is passionate about web application security and enterprise applications patterns.
Steve Syfuhs is a bit of a Renaissance Kid when it comes to technology. Part developer, part IT Pro, part Security Consultant working for ObjectSharp. Steve spends most of his time in the security stack with special interests in Identity and Federation. He recently received a Microsoft MVP award in Developer Security.
D³: LIVE & INTERACTiVE
In case you haven't heard about the show, Developers, Developers, Developers: LIVE & INTERACTIVE (D³) is a monthly show hosted by Jonathan Rozenblit. The show airs live every first Wednesday of the month at 12:00 PM ET and features the latest updates on what's new and exciting in the world of development; featured presentations; and guests. LIVE and INTERACTIVE means that you'll be part of the show – You're invited to interact with us; ask questions and get them answered; and share your thoughts and opinions.
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Cheshire girls third, boys fifth at SCC indoor track meet
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Women's Tennis Defeats Mars Hill, 8-1March 1, 2014
ANDERSON, S.C. –With a sweep of the doubles round, Anderson University women's tennis continued its winning ways in singles, capturing an 8-1 victory over Mars Hill in South Atlantic Conference action on Saturday at Max Grubbs Memorial Courts.
The win moves the Trojans to an even 2-2 mark in SAC play this season, while the Lions fall to 3-4 for the year and 1-2 in the conference.
Anderson saw little trouble in the doubles round, as senior Avery Owens and junior Karen Ching earned their third doubles win of the season with an 8-1 win at the No. 1 position. At No. 2, junior Lindsay Gregory and freshman Rebecca Bruning claimed an 8-2 win, while the sophomore team of Nikkola Wichenko and Alexandra Ebner cruised to an 8-2 triumph at the No. 3 spot.
In the singles round, the Trojans captured five of the six positions, as Owens (No. 2) won her third straight singles match with a 6-1, 6-1 win over MHU's Anna Rickenbaker. At the No. 3 position, Bruning improved to 4-1 for the year with a 6-4, 6-0 victory over Lucy McLauren.
Ebner won her fourth singles match of the season with a three-set triumph over Jade Henke at No. 4, while Gregory tallied a 6-2, 6-1 win over Natalie Hilbig at the No. 5 slot.
Wichenko rounded out AU's singles win for the afternoon with a 6-2, 6-1 victory over Dafna Porat, increasing her winning streak to three matches.
The Trojans continue SAC play on Tuesday when they host Lincoln Memorial. That match is set for 2 p.m. at the Max Grubbs Memorial Courts.


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Is there a particle called "tachyons" that can travel faster than light? If so, would Einstein's relativity be wrong? According to Einstein no particle can travel faster than light.
As a matter of fact, Einstein's theory of relativity is what predicts the possibility of tachyons (faster-than-light particles) - or rather, relativity is what makes tachyons special. Without relativity, particles moving faster than light would just be really fast particles.
Although it's often said that Einstein's relativity says that nothing can move faster than light, that's not actually true. What special relativity actually says (among many other things) is that anything which moves slower than light will always move slower than light, anything which moves at the speed of light will always move at the speed of light, and anything which moves faster than light will always move faster than light. Effectively, nothing can cross the "barrier" of light speed. So there is nothing in relativity that forbids the existence of tachyons.
However, based on relativity and other theories, we can predict certain properties that tachyons would have, if they exist, and they turn out to be rather strange. For example, their mass would have to be represented by an imaginary number. Also, a tachyon would get faster and faster as it loses energy, as opposed to normal particles, which need to gain energy to increase their speed. If you follow this sort of reasoning far enough, eventually you wind up with nonsensical results. Combined with the fact that no sign of a real tachyon has never been observed, this leads most physicists to believe that tachyons either do not exist, or are prohibited (by some as-yet-unknown law of physics) from interacting with normal matter.
If you're interested in learning more, I would second the suggestion that you check out the Wikipedia article that anna linked to in a comment.
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The Public Safety phone number, and the recorded updates phone number are on the back of the NYU ID Card.


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This question already has an answer here:
- Tsunami dampening mechanisms 6 answers
I am a novice on this topic. However, I wonder if we use nuclear bombs against the tsunami, will it reduce the speed and impact of the tsunami. Is it possible to break the massive wall of waves using nuclear bombs? In other words, is it possible to create another opposite force which can neutralise/reduce the energy carried by Tsunami by creating an induced wave.


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No. 101 - State Greenhouse Gas Programs: An Economic and Scientific Analysis: 37 State-Specific Tables
February 15, 2003
State greenhouse gas programs aimed at reducing emissions to 7 percent less than 1990 levels could cost the average state government $3.2 billion in direct expenses and lost revenues, or 28.6 percent of an average state government's entire 2001 revenues. Consumers would have to pay even more: approximately $10,000 a year per household in higher prices and lost income.


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My friend and I noticed that there seems to be an inaccessible room in the Tavern with something behind it. We saw that there was a Treasure Chest seemingly floating somewhere off the map.
In addition, if you walk up to the second floor of the Tavern and position your camera through the wall just right, you can highlight something called the Defender's Forge.
Confirmation of the speculation was confirmed in the notes for the 7.07 patch, which had a note that said the following:
Moved bonus-item crates back into the main section of the Halloween Tavern, out from the Secret Room.
What is this Secret Room? How do I get there? Do I need to beat the campaign first or something else?


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Dirt Late Model Drivetrain - The Bulletproof BellhousingWritten by on March 1, 2009 On A Dirt Late Model Chassis, The Bellhousing Does Much More Than Cover The Flywheel. Here's How To Get It All Right.
You've probably heard the old saw about cutting one pound of rotating weight out of the driveline is the equivalent of cutting several pounds of lead weight attached to the car. And it's true. That's why smart racers as well as chassis and engine builders work so hard to shave ounces of rotating weight even if they will have to add an equal amount back in the form of ballast on the car.
One group that has taken that to the extreme is Dirt Late Model racers. Utilizing a Bert/Brinn-style transmission eliminates the traditional clutch and allows the use of an extremely small flywheel. This cuts rotating weight, but the smaller diameter of the flywheel also reduces the leverage the starter has, which can cause issues. A high-torque starter can handle this, but it also puts tremendous force on the area of the bellhousing where the starter is mounted. Aluminum and magnesium bellhousings have been known to crack and fail because of this stress.
In fact, Dirt Late Model racer Chris Hargett says he has had starters fall off the car on the racetrack as a result of cracked bellhousings. "I finished the race," he says, "but pity the driver behind me." And welding up bellhousings midseason is also a common occurrence.
Hargett, however, says his troubles ended when he began using a dirt bellhousing kit from Quarter Master designed to handle the abuses of Dirt Late Model racing. "Before, I was going through two starters a season and having to take the bellhousing off midway through and weld up the cracks just to get it to last," he says. "But I switched to the Quarter Master stuff when I was getting ready for the 2005 season, and I haven't had any trouble with any of it. I'm still running the same components I put on the car back then."
To find out more, we followed along as Hargett installed a new Quarter Master dirt bellhousing kit in a new car being prepared for the 2009 season. The bellhousing is magnesium for the greatest strength at the lightest weight and fully CNC machined to ensure the best-possible fit of all components. This bellhousing is designed to work with both top- and side-mount oil pumps and works with Bert/Brinn-style transmissions. It comes packaged with a lightweight 91-tooth flywheel and a reverse-rotation starter. In all, installation took approximately one hour and only standard shop tools were necessary.
More Photos From This Article View Slideshow
One of the more aggravating things as a racer with a chassis that doesn't have a dedicated crossmember like this, is any time you pull the engine, the transmission and bellhousing is left hanging. Hargett makes an easy modification that ties the bellhousing to the engine mid-plate so that if the engine is removed, the bellhousing is still securely mounted. You can do this by first bolting the bellhousing to the mid-plate through the standard holes that bolt straight through to the engine block. Then, drill three holes through the bellhousing and mid-plate using a #7 drill bit.The bolts run from the engine-side of the mid-plate through to the bellhousing. To keep the fasteners from interfering with the fit between the block and the mid-plate, Hargett uses 1/4-20 flat-headed socket cap bolts and countersinks the edges of the holes in the mid-plate using a large drill bit.Remove the engine plate and attach the starter adaptor. The adaptor uses both button-headed allen bolts and 3/8-inch bolts. Quarter Master recommends blue Loctite on both and to torque the bolts to 25-30 ft-lbs.As you can see, the starter adaptor mounts to the bellhousing using fasteners that go through in both directions for maximum stability and strength.This is the oil pump mount. It's anodized aluminum but is buttressed by a piece of steel rod to minimize flex, which can cause the oil pump to throw its drive belt. There are provisions for mounting it either on top of the bellhousing or the side.Quarter Master recommends red Loctite on the bolts and torquing them to 25-30 ft-lbs. You'll probably need someone to assist you because the support rod will spin as you try to tighten the fastener that locks it in place if you don't put a wrench on it.With all the accessories out of the way, you can now mount the mid-plate to the bellhousing using the holes you've already drilled and tapped.The Quarter Master starter is designed to work with a 12-volt electrical system, but the manufacturer says it will also work on 16 volts as well. If you're using a remote solenoid, you probably will want to install the included jumper to simplify the wiring. Use a 1/8-inch drill bit to open up the hole in the spade terminal for the jumper screw.
The bellhousing/mid-plate assembly is now ready to be fitted up in the chassis. Obviously, the engine cannot be in the car at this point.Next, you can install the flywheel and the drive hub on the end of the crank. Sharp-eyed readers will notice there is no cam in this block. As this story was shot, the engine Hargett plans to race for the '09 season was not yet completed. This incomplete engine was used as a mock-up.Bolt up the transmission before dropping in the engine. With the transmission in place, make sure there is between 0.100 and 0.040 clearance between the starter and ring gear when the starter is disengaged. If not, Quarter Master has shim kits available. Also, the backlash on the starter should be approximately 0.025 inch.The last step before dropping in the engine is to place the oil pump drive belt over the transmission input shaft. This is why the transmission needs to be hooked up before the engine.As you can see here, the bolts securing the engine to the mid-plate go through the bellhousing, too.


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The 5 Most Mind-Blowing Things That Can Be Found Underwater
Exploring the depths via scuba or free diving is one of those things that seems really cool in theory. Then you swim around in a pool for 36 hours, go to the man-made lake you heard had a flooded town and discover a bunch of muddy brick foundations. It turns out that lakes in the Midwest are about as full of adventurous treasures as the towns around them. But, like the 28 percent of the Earth that's not covered in water, if you pick the right spot at the right time of day, you can find stuff down there that will blow your mind. For instance ...
#5. Underwater Rivers and Deep Sea Lakes (With Waves)
A group of amateur cave explorers discovered a river in Mexico with banks, trees and leaves just like an ordinary river, but with an additional metric shit ton of "WTF," because they were hovering 25 feet over it in scuba gear when they discovered it.
Anatoly Beloshchin
"We're calling it the Meta-River."
While underwater water doesn't seem possible, the "river" is actually a briny mix of salt water and hydrogen sulfide. It's much more dense than regular salt water, so it sinks to the bottom and forms a distinct separation that acts and flows like a river.
Anatoly Beloshchin
SCU2BA diving.
In addition to giving scuba divers the distinct feeling that they're flying through a landscape painting, the underwater river allows them to snap mind-blowing pictures like the series you're looking at taken by Anatoly Beloshchin.
Anatoly Beloshchin
Presumably not as entertaining to any fish that happened to be swimming by.
Unfortunately, hydrogen sulfide is extremely toxic, so the chances of the above scuba diver pulling in some sort of meta-fish aren't great. However, there is an underwater body of water on the abyssal plain (the part out past the continental shelf where the ocean floor starts to make shit real) that is teeming with life. Deep sea lakes look like normal lakes, complete with sandy and rocky shores. Scientist call these lakes "cold seeps," but they're a hotbed for life, because apparently waterfront real estate is a hot commodity under water, too. The "rocky" shores are actually made up of hundreds of thousands of mussels.
Blue Earth via Youtube
Pictured: Mussel Beach on the Goo Lagoon.
Even weirder, the lakes under the waves have waves of their own. Check out this video of scientists discovering the waves for the first time if you want to see something cool and hear what it sounds like when scientists lose their shit.
#4. The Ocean's Answer to the Sarlacc
You've likely seen aerial shots of these dark blue holes and assumed there was something down there accounting for the darkness. Maybe some silt or seaweed that's collected in a crater on the sea floor. In fact, those are giant sinkholes in the middle of the ocean that formed during the Ice Age the same way giant city-block-sized sinkholes form in cities today: water, chemicals, time and bureaucratic mismanagement.
This is a sign you might not live in a particularly well-run municipality.
Of course, it's not totally fair to compare it to the Guatemala sinkhole that swallowed an entire city block, since it's bigger and three times deeper than that. Notice that sharp contrast from bright aquamarine to deep dark blue? That's not caused by anything dark trapped in the sinkhole. It isn't caused by anything. It's hundreds of feet of absolutely nothing but cold water straight down to whatever is below the bottom of the ocean until presumably it starts warming up as you near the center of the earth.
Above: Goatse via Poseidon.
If you're the sort of person who immediately wants to know what the craziest goddamned thing you can do to a 600-foot ocean bottom sinkhole is, world free diving champion Guillaume Nery has you covered. He stood on the edge of the world's deepest blue hole without any sort of breathing apparatus, ignored every fiber of his being telling him he was perched on the mouth of a sarlacc and decided he wanted to touch the drain in the ocean's deep end.
Guillaume Nery, Youtube
Because fuck air.
And it only gets eerier inside the hole, where you're forced to face the reality that you've stumbled into either a) the lair of something terrible that is going to swim by overhead and blot out the last trace of sunlight you'll ever see or b) the stomach of some sort of ocean bottom Venus flytrap designed specifically to trap and digest people who see something beautiful and feel the desire to swim down its throat.
Jenny Huang, Dive Photo Guide
When the bubbles get to the surface, it knows to swallow.
#3. Spiders
We've written about the terrors of spiders before here. And here, here, here and here.
In fact, underwater seems like the one place on earth you'd actually be safe from all this horror, but you'd be wrong. And no, we don't mean spider crabs or any other sea creature that looks like a spider. We mean actual air-breathing spiders that spend as much of their lives underwater as whales and dolphins. And they do it using scuba gear that they presumably paid for with their winnings from the face hugger look-alike competition:
Heidi & Hans-Jurgen Koch
We have a new winner in the category of worst thing to see while opening your eyes underwater in a lake.
You had a great run, skinny-dipping cousin sneaking a poop.
The diving bell spider is the only spider on earth that spends almost its entire life underwater. It weaves a special bell-shaped web that catches and contains air bubbles that it brings down from the surface. The web acts like a fish's gills and filters oxygen out of the water around it, so the spider can stay under for a day or more at a time before needing to get more bubbles. It carries the bubbles down to its web by trapping them in hairs on its abdomen, as seen in this not at all terrifying picture from the New York Times:
The New York Times
Welcome to your new life hoping that was a crab that just scampered over your foot.
The spider then takes this air bubble and transfers it over to its web, where it can lie in wait for its prey, avoiding the predatory birds above the water's surface and any pockets of your nightmares that used to be spider-free.
BBC Nature
"Ma'am? The spiders are coming from inside your lungs."
Here's a video of one bringing the bubbles down before finally climbing inside and beginning to devour a freshly caught snack.
The female diving bell spiders often construct much larger webs so that they can house their eggs.
"We also like to store them in your ears. While you sleep."
And now you get to worry that the squishy thing you just stepped on was a nest of hatching spiders.


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The Rule
Kathleen M. Spurrier, RNC, OCN
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Gynecologic Oncol
Last Modified: November 1, 2001
My cousin Mary is a funny 49 year old busy woman, wife, mother, and engineer. She never has a moment to spare. So, when she was diagnosed with breast cancer and endured several surgeries and complications, including a TRAM flap reconstruction, her life was turned upside down. She became dependent and very sad. Her husband Joe decided that he could not sit back and let this happen. So, he decided to issue a new challenge to Mary everyday.
Each day, he dared her to walk a certain distance measured by their neighbors' houses. Mary met each challenge with her usual courage and spirit. But it seemed as though her funny bone was gone--Or was it?
After a while Joe issued what he thought would be the ultimate challenge: to walk out of their development to the bridge over a nearby creek. This route was quite lovely and included several hilly stretches. Mary met the challenge. She proudly told Joe of her conquest that evening. Instead of a pat on the back, Joe asked, "Did you spit in the creek?" Mary looked at him in astonishment and replied, "No!"
Joe responded, "Well, it doesn't count if you don't spit in the creek. That's 'the rule'!"
Mary, never one to pass up an adventure, set off to prove herself with this "new rule" in mind. When she got to the creek, she tried to spit. But Mary was a properly brought up young lady and she was unable to spit. She knew she could do it. So, she kept trying. She was laughing so hard imagining people seeing her trying to spit, but she was persistent. Finally she did it! Now she does it every time she crosses the creek.
Several months later Jane, a young mother from around the corner, came to visit Mary. Jane had recently been diagnosed with breast cancer and she had hear that Jane had fought the same problem. Jane had her four year old daughter Jill with her. Mary suspected that Jane might be in need of a challenge. The three of them set out across the bridge. When they arrived at the creek, Mary explained "the rule" to all three of them. This task proved very difficult. They were all laughing so hard. But they were all successful!
Later, Jane called Mary and told her how much she and Jill enjoyed the outing. Now Jane's biggest problem was explaining to her mother-in-law about why Jill needed to follow "the rule!"
Some folks think spitting is for men. But laughter is the best medicine. So, if in your travels, you happen to see a group of very well-bred young ladies standing on a bridge, trying to spit--just wave and laugh along with them--remember they know "the rule."
Oncology Practices: Patient Satisfactionby Jonathan Colon
November 05, 2013
3 Great Reasons To Have Gratitude On Your Cancer Teamby Marlys Johnson
July 25, 2016


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Sterling Silver Two-Hole Alphabet Bead - E
Spelling out your messages just got easier with this JBB sterling silver two-hole alphabet bead. This "E" bead displays the capital letter in the raised center of its textured surface captured on a square shape. Each bead has two side-drilled holes to make stringing easier, whether you create a multi-strand design or a simple style. Just string the top hole for the arch of a longer necklace. Mix and match this bead with other
alphabet beads
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