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15 July 2008. Last May, the New York Academy of Sciences (NYAS), together with the American Chemical Society's New York Section, hosted a one-day symposium entitled "DISC1 and the Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis of Schizophrenia." The meeting, sponsored by the NYAS Biochemical Pharmacology Discussion Group, was hosted by Julia Heinrich, formerly with Wyeth Discovery Neuroscience and Robin Kleiman from Pfizer, Inc. The organizers invited four experts to present their ideas on how disrupted in schizophrenia (DISC1) and its partners relate to the etiology of the disease and to discuss potential therapeutic approaches that might be suggested by the latest data. The full symposium is currently available via webcast for NYAS members and SRF readers (Contact us for details). Here we present some of the major points of the presentations.
Heinrich started the meeting with an overview of schizophrenia, including a brief history of the research linking the disease with DISC1. There are many hypotheses on the causes of schizophrenia, including those that point to neurochemical imbalances, epigenetic factors, and neurodevelopmental problems. One of the major questions facing the field, suggested Heinrich, is how early the latter might occur ahead of the overt phenotype. There are indications, such as obstetric complications, reduced brain volume in infants, and childhood cognitive deficits, which all occur early, that schizophrenia could be grounded in early developmental events. The more recent identification of candidate susceptibility genes, including DISC1, that play a role in development, strengthens that argument.
Continuing on that theme, Akira Sawa, from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, noted that there is a distinction being made in the field between pathogenesis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia (see review by Lewis et al., 2005). While pathophysiology may be concurrent with the phenotype, pathogenesis may occur much earlier. Susceptibility genes have, and will be, helpful in studying the pathogenesis, Sawa said, particularly the genes neuregulin-1, dysbindin, and DISC1.
DISC1 was discovered when University of Edinburgh researchers identified a chromosomal translocation in a large Scottish family with mental disorders (see St. Clair et al., 1990). That translocation was subsequently shown to break the DISC1 gene (see Millar et al., 2000). Researchers later showed that DISC1 associates with schizophrenia in other populations as well (see Hodgkinson et al., 2004 and Hamshere et al., 2005). Work from Tyrone Canon's lab at UCLA then showed that DISC1 is important for gray matter morphology (see Cannon et al., 2005), suggesting variations in the gene may have an impact on brain formation or brain malformation. Together, these papers represent seminal contributions to the study of DISC1 in schizophrenia, suggested Sawa.
Sawa reviewed what is known about the biology of DISC1. The protein exists in many different isoforms, maybe even as many as 40-50, said Sawa, and it has several subcellular locations and multiple, context-dependent functions. It is found in the post-synaptic density, for example, where it binds to post-synaptic markers such as PSD95; it is also found at the centrosome, the organizing center for microtubules; and it associates with the nucleus and mitochondria. From the schizophrenia perspective, the centrosome and post-synaptic density locations may be the most important, said Sawa. He suggested that it is also possible that the gene is duplicated elsewhere in the genome. If true, that will make DISC1 knockout models even more difficult to achieve, said Sawa.
Currently there are five mouse models of abnormal DISC1, but none is a complete knockout because it is very difficult to deplete all isoforms of the protein, said Sawa. For this reason, knockdown models using RNAi have been useful, showing that the protein is important for corticogenesis, for example. But its role appears context-dependent. In the cortex, suppressing DISC1 (at least some isoforms) delays cell migration, whereas in the adult dentate gyrus it accelerates it, suggesting DISC1 plays a role in adult neurogenesis (see SRF related news story).
DISC1 is found on centrosomes in developing neurons and the post-synaptic density in mature neurons, suggesting that DISC1 variation could increase the risk for schizophrenia in two ways early during development, and later by interfering with neuronal circuitry. Sawa focused mostly on the centrosomal role.
The centrosome is the organizing center for the microtubules, which are essential for cell division, polarization, migration, and neuronal differentiation. The microtubules are critical for neurodevelopment. Sawa's group has found that DISC1 is part of a large dynein protein complex at the centrosome, and that without DISC1, microtubule formation is compromised (see Kamiya et al., 2005). DISC1 appears to be necessary to maintain the dynein complex at the centrosome.
Genetic variations in other centrosomal proteins have also been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders. Pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1), for example, has been linked to schizophrenia (see SRF related news story), which strengthens the idea that centrosomal actions of DISC1 may be germane to the disorder, and a disease-causing protein encoded by the (BBS4) gene, linked to Bardet-Biedl syndrome, a disease with neuropsychiatric symptoms binds to PCM1 (see Kim et al., 2004). Now, in a paper in press in the Archives of General Psychiatry, Sawa and colleagues will show link of DISC1, PCM1, and BBS proteins in the pathology of schizophrenia via both genetic and biological approaches. Some of this work was already presented at the 2006 Society for Neuroscience meeting in Atlanta, Georgia (see SRF related news story). DISC1 also binds to other centrosomal proteins, such as NDE1 and NDEL1 (also known as NUDE and NUDEL, respectively) (see SRF related news story). In collaboration with Anil Malhotra's group at Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York, Sawa and colleagues recently showed, using genetic and biological evidence, that DISC1, NDE1, and NDEL1 are linked with each other in the pathology of schizophrenia (see Burdick et al., 2008).
Nick Brandon outlined some of the ongoing DISC1 work at Wyeth Neuroscience Research, Princeton, New Jersey. Industry is interested in DISC1 because it may be useful for identifying "druggable" target molecules and because it might provide some useful animal models, suggested Brandon. On the former, Brandon and colleagues have carried out extensive yeast two-hybrid screens and mass-spec analysis of DISC1 complex to identify DISC1 partners, finding over 400 different protein molecules (see Camargo et al., 2007). From this work several protein networks that may be pertinent to schizophrenia were found, including those containing the cysteine protease NDEL1 and the cyclic AMP degrading enzyme phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). Analysis of the interactome also showed that it was enriched in proteins that are involved in synaptic activity and glutamate receptor function. The proteins are involved in almost every aspect of synapse biology from formation to stabilization. These networks provide a template for others in the field to build from, suggested Brandon.
Brandon said that all the indications from this work are that DISC1 is a synaptic protein. What its role is at the synapse, and how it is regulated, are key questions. Brandon and colleagues have begun to address these, and he treated the audience to some snippets of work in progress. Using highly specific antibodies that recognize different exons of mouse Disc1, the researchers have mapped expression of the protein in primary hippocampal neurons. The protein appears to be perinuclear early on, but after 14 days in vitro Disc1 is expressed widely in the neuron, including at dendritic sites, where it colocalizes with PSD95, a synaptic marker. Biochemical analysis also strongly suggests a synaptic localization for Disc1—the protein is enriched in synaptosomes and isolated PSD fractions. Brandon and colleagues are now working on identifying exactly which isoforms are present in these fractions. Preliminary analysis suggests that the isoform distribution may be quite complex, and more antibodies are needed to get a better picture of the synaptic isoforms, said Brandon. Figuring out which isoforms are present and identifying their binding partners are crucial steps to deciphering the synaptic role of DISC1.
One well-known DISC1 binding partner is NDEL1, which also binds LIS1, a protein linked to lissencephaly (see SRF related news story). As Sawa mentioned, both DISC1 and NDEL1 are found at the centrosome, as is LIS1. Brandon discussed some of the properties of NDEL1, which is still not well understood. The protein regulates the assembly of neurofilaments (Nguyen et al., 2004) and together with another protein, vimentin, is crucial for neurite outgrowth (Shim et al., 2008). It also plays important roles in cell migration (Shen et al., 2008) and neurogenesis (Shu et al., 2004). Some of these functions are probably dependent on DISC1, since it acts as a cargo receptor for NDEL1 complexes in axons (see SRF related news story). Brandon showed that DISC1 and NDEL1 are co-expressed in the hippocampus, but not necessarily in other regions of the brain—for example, the hypothalamus—indicating the interaction between the two proteins is context dependent. His group found that NDEL1 also binds to a distinct domain on DISC1 at the C-terminus (see Brandon et al., 2004) via a Ndel1 domain that includes amino acids leucine 266 and glutamate 267—when those residues are mutated, the binding to DISC1 is lost. Those amino acids are also required for neurite outgrowth, suggesting that DISC1 plays a role in that NDEL1 regulated process.
Interestingly, NDEL1 was independently identified as an endoligopeptidase that cleaves small neuropeptides, and cysteine 273 is essential for this activity. Given it binds NDEL1 very close to this cysteine residue, could DISC1 somehow regulate NDEL1 activity? Assays with purified proteins show that DISC1 is, in fact, a competitive inhibitor of NDEL1 peptidase activity (see Hayashi et al., 2005), but it was not clear if this had any physiological significance, said Brandon. To address this, in collaboration with a research group at the University of Sao Paolo in Brazil led by Mirian Hayashi, Sawa's group developed a cell-based test of NDEL1 activity. In a paper that is in preparation, they show that NDEL1 enzymatic activity increases as PC12 cells grow in culture and that loss of cysteine 273 reduces neurite outgrowth. The groups next plan to study the relationship between peptidase activity and neurite growth in hippocampal cells. They also plan to identify which substrates are key to the function of Ndel1 in neurite outgrowth.
How do DISC1 variations relate to the pathophysiology and phenotypes seen in schizophrenia? Katherine Burdick, North Shore Long Island Jewish Health System, reviewed some of the clinical research on DISC1, and it fits with known schizophrenia endophenotypes and DISC1 molecular interactions.
Burdick reminded the audience that the impact of DISC1 variants, and in fact most genetic risk for schizophrenia, is likely to be small and transmitted in a polygenic, non-Mendelian fashion. Genetic variability alone cannot account for the disease, and there are numerous environmental influences that have been linked to schizophrenia, many associated with the critical peri- and postnatal period of development. Together, the genetic and epidemiological data suggest that schizophrenia may have a neurodevelopmental etiology.
Genetic variations in DISC1 have been linked to various psychiatric disorders, including bipolar and schizoaffective disorders, major depression, and more recently, autism. These linkages suggest that DISC1 may impact some traits that overlap among all these disorders. Increased risk for some positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as delusions and hallucinations, have been linked to specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of the DISC1 gene (Hennah et al., 2003), and also with various cognitive domains, such as verbal and spatial working memory, subserved by hippocampal and prefrontal cortex function (see Burdick et al., 2005), but the data are quite complex, said Burdick. Different markers within the gene have been associated with cognitive deficits in different studies. This may reflect methodological differences among studies, but it could also be indicative that there are different loci within the gene that impact cognition, she said.
How do these functional affects of DISC1 variants relate to its structural effects on the brain? Burdick reviewed some of the evidence linking DISC1 to brain abnormalities. Phil Szeszko, her colleague in Anil Malhotra's group, has found that one polymorphism, a leucine to phenylalanine mutation at position 607, is linked to reduced gray matter in the anterior cingulate and superior frontal gyrus (Szeszko et al., 2007), suggesting decreased gray matter in prefrontal cortex, one area of the brain that has been consistently associated with the disease. Other groups have also found reduced hippocampal volume in leu607phe carriers and also learning and memory effects (see Cannon et al., 2005). Another single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), at position 704 (serine/cysteine), has also been linked to reduced hippocampal volume (ser704 homozygotes) and abnormal hippocampal activation in working memory and episodic memory tests. These findings tie together cognitive effects of DISC1 variation with structural consequences, suggested Burdick.
Since schizophrenia is likely polygenic, how do genetic variations in DISC1 relate to other genetic variations, particularly in genes that interact with DISC1, such as NDEL1? Burdick and colleagues found that there are four SNPs in the NDEL1 gene that form a block that is in linkage disequilibrium with schizophrenia. Two common haplotypes form this block. The less common is associated with the disease and increases risk by about 1.3-fold. A tagging SNP in the same location also increases risk by 1.5-fold, but when viewed in the context of DISC1 genetic variation, a slightly different picture emerges. The tagging SNP risk allele (G) only confers risk (2.5-fold) in DISC1 ser704 homozygotes, suggesting there is epistasis at work. Interestingly, the DISC1 serine at position 704 is in close proximity to the Ndel1 binding site.
Other groups have found that there are similar genetic interactions between DISC1 and the NDEL1 homolog NDE1 (see SRF related news story). Burdick and colleagues have looked at NDEL1-DISC1 genetic interactions and found that they are opposite to that for NDEL1 and DISC1. While the serine at DISC1 704 is required for the NDEL1 variant to have any effect, cysteine is needed at position 704 in the case of NDEL. This is consistent with biochemical data showing that NDEL1 binds to the cys704 DISC1 preferentially, while NDE1 binds best to the ser704 DISC1 (see also Burdick et al., 2008).
How do these observations tie in with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia? Burdick suggested that given DISC1's multiple roles in embryonic development and near the age of puberty, and its role in adult neurogenesis (see SRF related news story), it is poised to be a central player in pathogenesis. "Perturbation of NDEL1/NDE1 balance might result in abnormal binding of these proteins to DISC1, disrupting the coordinated functions of the DISC1-associated protein complex to interfere with normal neuron growth and migration," said Burdick.
The structural and functional consequences of DISC1 variation in humans is also consistent with changes seen in mice with mutations in the gene. Steven Clapcote, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, reviewed some of the data that have emerged for mouse models of schizophrenia based on DISC1 mutagenesis. In collaboration with colleagues at RIKEN Genomic Science Center, Yokohama, Japan, Clapcote and colleagues have made DISC1 mutant mice using a random mutagenesis approach. This has resulted in mice strains with five different mutations in the Disc1 gene, three in the largest exon (No. 2) and two in exon 11. Clapcote said that one of the exon 11 mutations (H738N) might interfere with Disc1 binding to Grb2, an adaptor molecule that links receptor tyrosine kinases in the ERK signal transduction pathway (see Shinoda et al., 2007), but this mutation has not been fully characterized yet. Two of the mutations in exon 2, Q31L and L100P, have been characterized, and Clapcote reviewed some of the properties of the mice.
SRF has substantially covered this work (see SRF related news story). Briefly, the two mutations have somewhat different effects in mice. Mice with the L100P mutation have slightly reduced brain volume—especially in the cortex and cerebellum. The latter was a bit surprising, said Clapcote. His group is currently following that up to get a better understanding of the relationship between Disc1 and brain size.
Behaviorally, both mutations have significant, though not always similar, effects. Both mutant lines showed reduced prepulse inhibition, latent inhibition, and impaired spatial working memory. But in an open field test (a model of psychomotor agitation—one of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia), only the L100P mice are hyperactive. This hyperactivity was exacerbated by amphetamines—psychostimulants to which schizophrenia patients are particularly sensitive. The Q31L mice, on the other hand, showed both reduced social interaction and reduced interest in sucrose solutions—a sign of anhedonia. In a forced swim test, the Q31L animals also give up and float more readily—a sign of depression.
The two strains also differ in their response to antidepressants. Rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) inhibitor, rescued prepulse inhibition in the L100P animals but not in the Q31L mice. In the latter strain, rolipram also had no effect on depression as judged by performance in the forced swim test, but the antidepressant bupropion did work. The differential effects of the drugs may be related to Disc1 binding to Pde4b The two must dissociate for the phosphodiesterase to become active, and Clapcote noted that the Q31L animals had about half as much Pde4b activity as wild-type, which might explain their resistance to rolipram. "If PDE activity is already low, the dose may not be sufficient to reduce it any further," he suggested. But interestingly, despite lower Pde4b activity, the Q31L mice are more depressed—not less. Though more work is needed to sort out the relationships between these mutations, their different phenotypes, and Disc1 function, their differential response to drugs might be a pharmacogenomic model for the different types of responses reported in patients with different genotypes, suggested Clapcote.—Tom Fagan.
RELATED NEWSDISC1 Delivers—Genetic, Molecular Studies Link Protein to Axonal TransportCopy-number Variants, Interacting Alleles, or Both?DISC1 Players Gird For Adult NeurodevelopmentStrength, Timing, and Proper Neuronal DevelopmentLearning from Drug Candidates—New Kid Targets Same BlockNew Spin on DISC1—Mouse Mutation Impairs BehaviorDISC1: A Maestro of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis?SfN Atlanta: Baby Steps in the Study of DISC1PCM1 Gene Is Linked to Altered Brain Morphology in SchizophreniaMessing with DISC1 Protein Disturbs Development, and More


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Migrants, Migration, and Development
Migrants, Migration, and Development
Recent Activity
The Migration Policy Institute celebrated its first decade as the authoritative, unimpeachable resource on immigration and immigrant integration analysis and policy design in the United States and internationally.
The 2014 Global Forum on Migration and Development: Setting the Agenda for International Cooperation
This MPI event, in partnership with the International Organization for Migration (IOM), discusses the critical issue of climate-related displacement in the Asia-Pacific region, focusing on the vulnerability of environmental migrants and how the international legal framework can better ensure their protection.
Diaspora engagement has become a key and accepted component in the arsenal of development strategies. The question of how to effectively and efficiently harness the force of a country's diaspora through government intervention and policy remains one that many governments and international organizations must grapple with.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hyperthermia Treatments for Liver Metastasis from Breast Cancer
John Han-Chih Chang, MD and Kenneth Blank, MD
Last Modified: November 1, 2001
Dear OncoLink "Ask the Experts,"
I am trying to find information for a friend with breast cancer, which has spread to her liver. She had a bone marrow transplant that kept the disease at bay for six months. She now has a 3cm tumor in her liver. I saw that somewhere they are doing a new procedure which uses direct heat to the affected area. Please guide us on the availability, appropriateness along with effectiveness of this treatment.
Thank you,
John Han-Chih Chang, MD and Kenneth Blank, MD, Editorial Assistants for Oncolink, respond:
Dear C.S.,
Thank you for your interest and question.
The use of heat to treat cancer (hyperthermia) is NOT a novel one. Its usage dates back to the 19th century. Dr. W. Coley treated patients with an extracted bacterial toxin from erysipelas, which causes high fevers. This was after observations that some cancers appeared to resolve after prolonged infection with erysipelas. In 1898, a Swedish physician, Dr. Westermark described anecdotal incidences of local hyperthermia causing cervical cancer to regress. Since then the popularity and usage of this modality has waxed and waned. Hyperthermia is still under investigation at a few institutions.
There are different methods of heating: total-body systemic hyperthermia and localized heating. Total-body systemic is usually delivered in an insulated suit or chamber by infared radiation. The blood can be heated in an extracorporeal (outside the body) fashion and reinfused into the body. Localized heating is delivered with short-wave diathermy, radiofrequency-induced currents, microwaves and/or ultrasound. Technical considerations are that microwaves work well at more superficial depths and ultrasound better when there are no bone or air cavities causing inhomogeneity of heating.
The cellular damage by hyperthermia is most dramatic when the temperature is elevated to 43°C or higher in the intended tissue. The cells are most sensitive to heat in the late S phase (DNA synthesis phase) of the cell cycle. This is when a cell is most insensitive to damaging effects of radiation therapy. This is why many have attempted to combine radiation and hyperthermia (both cause cellular damage at different phases in the cell cycle, thus leading to an additive or possibly synergistic affect). By the same token, different chemotherapies that are cell cycle specific or independent have also been combined with hyperthermia to see if there is an additive effect.
The efficacy of hyperthermia alone is not great. In a review of the literature published on the subject, the response rate is less than 50%, while the complete clinical regression rate is just about 10%. The duration of regression is usually short lived. Combining radiation and hyperthermia seems to show promise. Documented response rates of 80% to 90% have been reported with complete clinical responses seen in 50% to 80% patients. Some of the chemotherapeutic agents that have positive interactions against cancer with the addition of hyperthermia are: Melphalan, Cyclophosphamide, BCNU, Cisplatin, Mitomycin C, Bleomycin, Vincristine and Doxirubicin.
Is the right treatment for your friend? Well, it is still controversial whether some of these promising results will translate into truly improved cancer control (or even "cure") or just another temporizing measure. The major problems with hyperthermia are the technical delivery of the heat and measurement of the temperature. Many of the local delivery methods are inconsistent in delivery of the heat to the tumor, such that there are areas that do not receive enough heat. Monitoring systems are not perfected enough for us to truly know the temperature throughout our intended tumor. Whether the treatment is right for your friend's type of cancer is also in questiondoes it work for all cell types? Please consult you local oncologist to discuss these issues.
The Art and Science of Oncologyby Bob Riter
October 01, 2013
3 Great Reasons To Have Gratitude On Your Cancer Teamby Marlys Johnson
July 25, 2016


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5 Terrifying Ways Your Own Gadgets Can Be Used to Spy On You
Thanks to the Bush administration and one Will Smith movie, we all have a fairly justifiable fear of government surveillance. But it turns out you should be just as paranoid about your boss, your overly affectionate uncle and that stuttering blinky guy who lingers by your garbage cans on trash days. Because thanks to modern technology, the details of your life are openly accessible to pretty much anybody who wants them.
#5. Tracking Your Movements
Imagine it's Saturday night and you're doing your usual Saturday night thing, when your webcam secretly clicks on. And somewhere, somebody starts watching you while you wipe Dorito dusted fingers on your whitey tighties and bob your head to Nickelback. They could be secretly uploading videos of you on to YouTube, taking notes for anthropological purposes or, if you're lucky, masturbating.
And you'd never even know they're there.
Wait, What?
By now you've almost certainly heard about that high school in Pennsylvania that got in trouble for issuing its students laptops, and then spying on them in their bedrooms, remotely, by controlling their webcams.
We're going to bet that, before that story broke, you didn't know there was even such a thing as turning on somebody else's webcam against their will from across town. And maybe you thought the school had done some weird modification to the laptops, and that it was just an isolated incident by a somewhat insane school district.
Class outside? What the fuck is going on here?
The truth is, it took basically no effort on their part. All sorts of programs are available to let you remotely commandeer a webcam, and many of them are free. Simple versions will just take photos or videos when they detect movement, but more complex software will send you an e-mail when the computer you've installed the program on is in use, so you can immediately login and control the webcam without the hassle of having to stare at an empty room until the person you're stalking shows up. Convenient!
Leaving creeps free time to work on their Harry Potter/Starfox slash fiction.
One of the creepier uses of this technology came back in 2008, when a University of Florida student, who was known for helpfully fixing the computer problems of strangers, not so helpfully installed programs onto some of the computers he repaired so he could use the webcam to capture nude pictures of the girls who owned them.
This is a sad example of what would be hilarious in a wacky college movie being disturbing in real life, and we also have to wonder how someone that proficient with computers was unaware you could find plenty of naked women on the Internet in roughly three seconds.
#4. Tracking Your Movements
Let's say that like most Cracked readers during this recession, you're a custodian. And your boss gives you a cool cell phone with a clippy thing that you attach to your waist while you're working, which you assume is so he can phone you when there's some macaroni vomit you've got to take care of. What you wouldn't assume is that he's using that cool cell phone to track and log your every custodiony movement.
9:35 a.m. - Retreated into "janitor's lounge."
For some companies, it's not enough to know what sleazy shit you're totally into on the Internet. What they really want to know is what sleazy shit you're into at the workplace. For these guys, the logical next step in employee surveillance is using GPS technology to track your every move while you're on the job.
Wait, What?
Japanese company KDDI has developed technology for cell phones that uses something called accelerometers to track precise movements, then beams all that info back to a central location. And we're not throwing the word "precise" around willy-nilly here. These guys can tell if whoever wearing the phone is sweeping versus scrubbing, walking versus running, doing number two in the bathroom versus doing number two in the secretary's filing cabinet. It's that sophisticated.
And anyone with access to your phone can secretly upload the software. Your mom. Your girlfriend. A grudge-holding, time-traveling Alexander Graham Bell... anyone.
For those of you who think that this would never be used in America, it sort of already is, just in a simpler form. Called geofencing, it's used by businesses whose employees are constantly on the move, like FedEx drivers. A GPS enabled cell phone with some software installed on it lets bosses know where their drivers are at all times, and they'll get e-mail alerts if their employees are speeding, loitering or entering "prohibited areas," like a bar, or cockfighting arenas, or their home, or whatever they feel like labeling as prohibited.
"Get back to work. Those pizzas aren't going to deliver themselves."
But, hey, it's not like they're listening in on your calls or anything...
#3. Listening to Your Phone Calls
If you told us 20 years ago that there would be places where cell phones would be more ubiquitous than toilets, we would have shat our Girbauds and done a spit-take into your mirrored Oakleys. But here we are, in 2010, with just about every schmo carting a cell phone around like it's no big thing. Hey! You know what else is "no big thing"? Using that same ubiquitous device to to listen to your conversations, read your text messages and monitor your online browsing.
Wait, What?
Companies like Mobile Spy are on the cutting edge of the turning cell phones into secret, psycho nanny devices business. For just about $100, customers can get software that records the phone number and length of every outgoing and incoming call, all text messages sent and received, and the phone's Internet browsing history. All of that info then gets sent to a database run by the good people behind Mobile Spy, and can be perused by users at their leisure.
"Don't worry, everybody. She said she'd be right back."
Fancier programs also let you listen in on and record live phone conversations.
Now, this doesn't mean you should get all paranoid and start sending all your text messages in Esperanto, but the fact that so many different kinds of software for spying on cell phones exist suggests that there's a pretty serious market for this sort of thing.
On the plus side, none of these programs can be used unless the perpetrator has access to your phone. On the down side, anyone who does have access to your phone can monitor you like you're a dissatisfied Soviet dissident and they're the KGB.
But no untrustworthy person will ever be alone with your phone, right?


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3 former Penn State officials ordered held for trial
By Allison Steele | The Philadelphia Inquirer
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Each Suduko puzzle challenges students to use the numbers provided to help them fill in the blank squares so that each number, 1 to 9, appears in every Column, Row, and Block of the completed puzzle.
Click for a PDF [portable document format] printable page. (If you are unable to view the printable page, download the free Adobe Acrobat Reader.)
Click for the answers to this week's puzzle.
Click for Sudoku Puzzles from previous weeks.
Click for tips for teaching students to do Sudoku puzzles.
Education World®
Copyright © 2006 Education World


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After coming back from a deficit in the second set, Neosho couldn't quite finish the job as Nixa held on to defeat the Lady Wildcats 25-15, 25-23 in Tuesday night volleyball action.
In the second set the Lady Eagles jumped out to a 5-0 lead before the Lady Wildcats got to serve. Once they had the serve in their favor, everything started breaking for Neosho and they came back to close the gap.
Nixa would later stretch the advantage back to 23-19 before the Lady Wildcats re-gained the serve and tied the match 23-23. But the Lady Eagles would pull ahead 24-23 when a tipped volley fell beyond Neosho's reach and then put the game away on serve to win it.
Matty Liedtke led with two aces and three kills. Morgan Rogers also had two aces. Reba Potts finished with eight digs. Tori Eads contributed eight assists.
The Lady Wildcats (5-19-4) entertain Branson at 5 p.m. Thursday at NHS.
Nixa won the junior varsity game 25-10, 25-9. The Lady Eagles also prevailed in the freshman match 25-15, 25-17.
Location, ST | website.com


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Common Myths and Realities About Early Breastfeeding
In This Article:
FACT: Contrary to popular belief, a breastfed newborn who sleeps through the night (longer than a single five-hour stretch) is not a blessing. With rare exception, such an infant is unlikely to gain sufficient weight or to stimulate an adequate milk supply in the mother. Nighttime feedings are a natural, normal part of early breastfeeding. Round-the-clock feedings are necessary to bring in and preserve an abundant milk supply. Newborns need to receive nighttime nutrition, and the breasts need to be emptied regularly, including at night. If your new baby sleeps longer than five hours at night, you should try to arouse him and entice him to nurse.
MYTH: Don't worry about using formula supplements now and then to keep nursing from tying you down. An occa-sional bottle will give you a break, and it won't interfere with breastfeeding.
FACT: Supplemental bottles can interfere with the success of breastfeeding by upsetting the delicate law of supply and demand. Simply stated, the law goes like this: "The more milk the baby takes, the more milk the mother makes." If a baby drinks a bottle of formula instead of taking breast milk, the mother's breasts will not get the normal amount of stimulation and emptying. Her supply probably will decline in proportion to the supplement she gives, making her dependent on the continued use of formula. What starts out as a "convenience" bottle can result in a great inconvenience-the undermining of successful breastfeeding. If you want to offer an occasional bottle after three to four weeks, use expressed breast milk whenever possible.
MYTH: Don't give formula or use a bottle at any cost. Nipple confusion can occur with even a single bottle-feeding, and giving any supplement will ruin your chances to succeed at breastfeeding.
FACT: This is the type of dogmatic advice that has placed some babies in jeopardy. Certainly, offering unnecessary formula or giving bottles as a matter of convenience should be discouraged. These practices are known to threaten the success of breastfeeding. But it is a gross oversimplification to insist that no breastfed baby should be given formula or a bottle. The inescapable truth is that some breastfed babies are unable to obtain sufficient milk by nursing to meet their fluid or nutrient requirements. Although uncommon, some breastfed babies have lost an excessive amount of weight and become dangerously dehydrated or malnourished. Our first priority always must be the baby's well-being. A healthy, well-nourished baby is more likely to breastfeed effectively than an undernourished baby in a debilitated state. Formula and bottles are not anathema when they are used to restore a baby to good health. If supplements truly are required, you can be sure that you also need to obtain consultation to improve breastfeeding. A rental-grade electric pump will likely be needed to increase your milk supply. Numerous other breastfeeding aids are available to help solve breastfeeding problems.
MYTH: Don't worry about your baby's slow weight gain. Everyone knows bottle-fed infants grow much faster than breastfed babies do.
FACT: When breastfeeding is off to a good start, young infants obtain plenty of milk and gain weight rapidly-about an ounce each day during the early months of life. Young breastfed infants typically grow above the average on national growth curves. Only after the first three months do breastfed babies taper in their rate of growth compared to bottle-fed infants. If a young breastfed infant is not gaining weight well, it is very likely that the baby is not obtaining sufficient milk by nursing. Not only is the baby at risk for being undernourished and chronically hungry, but the mother's milk supply can be jeopardized. Early intervention to improve breastfeeding will help the baby gain weight more rapidly and increase the mother's milk supply.
From Dr. Mom's Guide to Breastfeeding by Marianne R. Neifert. Copyright © 1998 by Marianne R. Neifert. Used by arrangement with Plume, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
To order this book visit Amazon.


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Right, I've been playing Football Manager since 2006. I have largely presided over either big teams, international teams and "sleeping giants" such as Leeds etc. I'm bored of that now, truth be told I was bored of that in 2006 but I just never had the patience to manage a club in the bottom few divisions of a league structure, and take them to the top. Time for change after I've been reading this forum and it's pretty amazing careers.
I'll be playing on FM2012 with the 12.2.2 patch and no moderations to the database. I have all the leagues from England, Spain, Italy, Scotland, Germany and France loaded and I will be setting myself as a Sunday League manager as is the norm, and randomising my team selection.
I've set myself a few "basic" challenges to keep myself entertained, and so as not to make it stale:
1. Gain promotion with any club.
2. Manage a team from each of the nations I have selected
3. Win a major trophy in each of the nations I have selected (Domestic, not European)
4. Win a European competition.
5. Get hired as Wales manager and take them to a International competition (2nd round at least)
6. Sign only players from the nation that I am playing in (any players not from that nation who are at the club when I take over will be retained, but I'll have no hesitation in selling them if the right offer comes along.)
7. Manage my "local" team (I'm from East Sussex, but I was born in Cardiff so it'd be neat to manage them
Hopefully this'll be a lot of fun, and I hope you guys enjoy the ride Any hints, tips or suggestions from more experienced members are very, very welcome And if anyone has some challenges to add to my list, feel free to put them forward
My PC specs are fairly good, and normally I can maintain a 5 star rating but with as many leagues as I am loading and on a Large database, it's dropped down to two stars. So I apologise now if updates are slow


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You.Guys. I am SO excited about this series.
The holiday season is here and I can guarantee that 98% of us still have people that we need to find the perfect gift for. But who wants Hickory Farms or Bath and Body Works? Every day this week I am showing you a project that you can make for someone you like/love/want to blow their socks off. The projects range from simple simple to a little less simple but still really doable. Can you feel the gift giving happiness oozing from my ears? Cause it is.
Oh and I should mention that each of these projects cost less than $30!
So bust out your holiday cheer and lets get to work!
This project will range from Free-$40 depending on what you have on hand. The 2 main elements that you need are a vase and a bottle cord kit. You can use any type of vase, I found this one at Target for $12.00. You will also need a Bottle Lamp Kit. I got mine from Lowes for around $10. Make sure you check your thrift store for vases (I regularly find them for $2.00.)
You are going to start by painting your cord. Now. Lets have a mini chat for a moment. Did you know that you cannot spray paint rubber? Its true. The paint will never cure. SO as easy as it would be to spray paint this cord, its just not the best option. I dug through my paint stash and found a sample paint from Lowes and brushed it on with a sponge brush. You want it to touch as little as possible while it is drying. This is what I rigged to hold it:
I know. Its awesome enough to be patented.
While your paint is drying its time to drill your vase. You are going to drill 2 holes. One on the bottom, or top depending on how you look at it (for the socket etc.) and one on the side for your cord to come out. Its not scary I PROMISE. I have even made you a video tutorial so you can see just how UNscary it is to drill through glass. You can purchase the drill bit that you need at Lowes also. Here is a link so you know EXACTLY what to buy!
Now its time to start assembling. You are going to take the small threaded pipe that came in your Bottle Lamp Kit and put the large decorative washer on one end and the small nut right behind it. Feed it through the hole at the new top of your vase.
Then you are going to take your socket apart (it will come assembled in the kit.) Just pull the top part off and you will have 3 separate pieces.
This is where you have 2 options. Depending on the lampshade that you are using you may or may not need a harp base. If you do need one, you'll need to get one at Lowes (or jack it from an old lamp like I did….) Most lampshades from Target attach to the socket and not to a harp FYI.
Put your harp base on and then take the bottom of your socket and screw it on to the threaded pipe that is sticking out of the top of your vase (you may need to loosen the teeny screw that is on the side of this in order to screw it onto the pipe!)
Then starting in the bottom second hole that you drilled (the one on the side) feed your cord through (carefully so you don't scratch your paint!) and up through the treaded pipe.
Wire your socket according to the instructions on the package, and you are DONE!! (Isn't it beautiful?!)
This lamp is a KILLER way to personalize a gift for someone that you love!
Cords are normally the bane of my DIY existence. (I cant tell you how may times I have said someone needs to invent a battery powered light bulb.) But the whole reason this project is adorbs is because of the cord. So show it off! Make sure that you have as much of the cord in the lamp as possible!
So what do you think? Do you have someone on your list that could use this sweet lamp?
Love Your Guts, Mandi


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The recipe has already been added to your recipe book.
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NYUHome Login
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Also do not forget your Passport!!
Read about other students experiences studying abroad.Read More
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expert advice MORE
Is There a General Car Seat Law?
Q: I was wondering if there is a general law on children in car seats? What are the ages and weights required for being in a car seat? When can they be in a seatbelt only?
A: Very important questions! Child passenger safety laws have been passed to protect our children. Unintentional injuries are the number one cause of death in children older than the age of one year, but can be prevented. With motor vehicle crashes as the leading cause of these unintentional injuries, we all MUST be familiar with our state laws on this topic. As you have not shared the age(s) of your children, I will give a general overview.
It is a federal law that infants and children must ride buckled in car seats or seatbelts that have been properly installed and are used properly. Studies have demonstrated that parents often times do not position or use their car seats correctly. Many cars also have air bags for the front seat which are felt not to be safe when used with rear-facing car seats. Even a toddler in a forward facing convertible seat, a booster seat, or a lap/shoulder belt is at risk for air bag injuries. The safest place for children is in the back seat, farthest away from where a head-on crash occurs.
Massachusetts' Child Passenger Safety Law requires that infants and small children must ride in car seats until they are at least 5 years old and weigh over 40 pounds. Children who weigh more than 40 pounds, but are under 5 years old must ride in a booster seat. Once children are older than 5 years of age and are more than 40 pounds, they must wear a seatbelt that is properly adjusted. Do not place the shoulder belt under the arm or behind the back. This law applies to children riding in all types of privately owned vehicles.
For more specific information, contact your local police, state health department, or the summary of all state laws that can be found in the Occupant Protection Chart from the Safe Kids website.
More on: Expert Advice
Henry Bernstein, M.D., is currently the associate chief of the Division of General Pediatrics and director of Primary Care at Children's Hospital, Boston. He also has an academic appointment at Harvard Medical School.


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Maternity Leave: Your Rights and Benefits
In This Article:
Returning to work, breastfeeding rights, and child care
Going back to work
Before returning to work, consider the following:
- Will life as a working mom be easier if you switch to a flexible working arrangement, such as a job share or part-time work? Give your employer ample time to consider any request.
- If you're breast-feeding, will your employer provide a private, clean, and safe room for you to express milk? If not, would it be possible for you to pump inside a bathroom stall?
- You're entitled to time off (which may be unpaid) for family emergencies.
- You may be eligible for working and child tax credits, which can help with child-care costs.
Most states (47 of them) have laws that protect a mother's basic right to breastfeed her child. But women still experience negative reactions when they nurse in public. Nearly half of the states (21 of them) have laws that protect women's rights related to lactation and employment. Being able to pump at work prolongs the amount of time that you can breastfeed your baby, so these protections are important to breastfeeding moms. According to La Leche league, during an 8-hour workday, many moms find time to pump three times a day: during morning, lunch, and afternoon breaks. Since time is a premium at work, many moms get by double-pumping with electric pumps, which should supply enough milk for the following day. La Leche League recommends that working moms should breastfeed their babies when they are at home mornings, evenings, and weekends.
Child care
If you will be returning to work, you will likely need child care for your baby. It is wise to look into your child care options while you are still pregnant, because it may take time to make a decision and some programs may have long waiting lists. Contact a local child-care resource and referral center for recommendations.
Some employers offer flexible spending accounts to employees that reduce salary by a set amount to pay for tax-preferred expenditures like day care. You won't pay taxes on the set-aside funds. Check with your human resources department to see if a flexible spending account is available to you.
Questions And Answers
Work absences
According to the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, employers must hold open a job for a pregnancy-related absence for the same length of time that jobs are held open for employees on sick leave or on disability leave.
You'll still be eligible. The Family and Medical Leave Act requires an employee to be given her same, or an equivalent, position, and that would include eligibility for bonuses, including perfect attendance bonuses. If you don't miss days before or after your FMLA leave, you will still be eligible for that bonus.
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act states that employers cannot refuse to hire a woman because of her pregnancy or a because of a pregnancy-related condition.
What you're entitled to
Baby and child benefits
Your baby will need health insurance coverage just like you do. When your baby is born, you'll need to add him to your health insurance plan so he can get the coverage he will need. Most health insurance companies make the process easy. Typically you'll just need to call your health plan and tell them your baby's name and the date of your baby's birth, and your baby be automatically added to your plan. For most insurance plans, you will have 30 days to give notice of the birth. From then on, your baby will be covered for doctor appointments in the same way that you are.
excerpted from:
Excerpted from Pregnancy Day by Day.
Copyright © 2008 Dorling Kindersley Limited.
Buy this book now!


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On Thursday, April 11, 2013, Rutgers School of Law–Newark will celebrate the 45th anniversary of its Minority Student Program (MSP) at Nanina's in the Park, Belleville.
Special honoree and keynote speaker for the banquet, whose theme is "Honoring the Women of the MSP," will be Okianer Christian Dark, Interim Dean of Howard University School of Law. Elizabeth H. Kim '09, an associate of Porzio, Bromberg & Newman P.C. and a member of the firm's Life Sciences Compliance, Commercialization and Regulatory Counseling Department, will receive the Young Lawyer Award.
The reception will begin at 6:30 pm and the dinner at 7:30 pm. Register for the banquet and submit payment online at http://law.newark.rutgers.edu/MSPbanquet.
Before becoming Interim Dean at Howard Law, Dark served as Associate Dean for Academic Affairs. As a member of the faculty, she teaches Torts, Products Liability, Advanced Torts, and Health Law. She also is a regular lecturer on health law issues at Howard University Medical School.
Upon graduating from Rutgers–Newark Law in 1979, Dean Dark joined the Antitrust Division in the U.S. Department of Justice through its Honors Program. As a trial attorney, she worked on mergers, various civil and criminal antitrust cases and was a member of the landmark trial team in U.S. v. AT&T. She also was a trial attorney in the department's Civil Division, Special Assistant U.S. Attorney in the District of Columbia, and an Assistant U.S. Attorney in Portland, Oregon, with responsibility for all of the affirmative civil rights cases and supervisor of the community relations unit.
Prior to joining the Howard Law School faculty, Dean Dark taught at T.C. Williams School of Law, University of Richmond. She was the first African American tenured at the law school and the first African American woman tenured at the university.
Her scholarly publications are on the use of tort law to address issues in vulnerable communities as well as on legal pedagogical issues and on other matters related to legal education. Dean Dark is a frequent presenter at national conferences and many law schools on diversity and teaching methodology.
The Minority Student Program is a nationally-recognized model for educating and preparing students of color and disadvantaged students of all races for a legal career. Almost 3,000 MSP students have graduated from the law school since the program's inception, changing the face of the legal profession. MSP alumni can be found on the bench, in the U.S. Congress, in private practice, major corporations, government agencies, legislative bodies, public interest organizations, and academic institutions across the country.| Read Story


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Top Definition
The process by which mountain bikers traverse terrain through a combination of biking and hiking.
"That drop-off on Alligator Alley is a real doozy; I might crack my ribs or skull open if I ride down the Big Gulp section. Let's just go hikaling down it."
de Jackie O'G. 23 avril 2008
Trending Now


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Incumbent James Newberry has retained his Grand County commissioner seat and will serve his fifth four-year term in the county office.
Newberry defeated challenger Chas McConnell, who throughout election tallies kept within a few hundred votes of Newberry. The final unofficial count at around 2 a.m was 4,038 votes to 3,690 votes, with 313 voters who cast ballots, but did not vote that race.
The race between Newberry and McConnell of the district in the Fraser Valley was at times heated, with McConnell calling for commissioner term limits to prevent candidates like Newberry securing a seat for as long as he has. During debate moments, the two sparred on several topics, such as economic development, water, and the role of the county's attorney.
Newberry, a high school sports coach besides his career as commissioner, has built a reputation as being a strong negotiator for defending the county's water resources. He spent election evening in Denver at a coach's meeting in preparation for the upcoming basketball season. Efforts to reach both Newberry and McConnell for comment on the outcome of the race were not successful after 2 a.m.
A total 8,077 voters cast ballots in Grand County's 2012 election, with slightly more than 200 provisional ballots yet to be counted on Nov. 15.
At about 11 p.m., it became clear the race between Merrit Linke and Robb Rankin in District 2 would go to Linke, with an estimated 500 or so ballots still outstanding, but the margin too wide for Rankin to close the gap.
Rankin spent the evening at home with wife Molly. "I congratulate Merrit," he said at around 11:30 p.m.. "We at least showed that politics don't have to be nasty. I'm glad we had an election here in Grand County other than a Republican primary," he continued. "He'll be a better commissioner because of it, and I learned a lot in the process."
Rankin, former superintendent of schools at East Grand School District, said he likely will continue working for the Boulder Valley School District in helping out in their human resources department. "I'll play retiree," he said. "Ski some and still keep busy working with them."
The final unofficial vote count for District 2 was 4,515 votes for Linke to 3,073 votes for Rankin, with 451 voters who cast ballots but did not vote that race.
Also called around 11:30 p.m., Linke did not answer his phone for comment on his perceived victory. A message was left on his voicemail, but he did not return the call.
A Grand County native, Middle Park High School graduate, former teacher and a local business owner, Linke ran a straight-forward campaign touting "It's no bull."
He talked of the need for government to facilitate "resource-based businesses," or products made here in Grand County and exported, and said he would be devoted to learning more about county functions and would meet with business leaders in the county to find out what is needed and what is working or not working. Administratively, Linke said in a Grand County debate he would encourage county department heads to report directly to the commissioners rather than to a county manager.
On the county's estimated $25 million in reserves, the county's newest commissioner said he would not encourage any capital projects, saying he would be conservative with reserves to be prepared for lower assessed values and less revenue to the county.
Linke fills the seat of two-term commissioner Nancy Stuart, who was defeated in the Republican primary.


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A Brand New Idea: Old Fashioned Service!
Welcome to the internet resource for all things related to cutlery, shaving, and security. The Knife Center has been working hard since 1995 to give you the best "Old Fashioned" service. From kitchen knives to pocket knives, you will find the largest selection, easiest navigation and best service anywhere. Please browse our huge selection of outdoor, camping, and survival knives, and if you are a Swiss Army Knife fan, don't miss our selection of Swiss Army Knives, multitools and kitchen cutlery from Victorinox and kitchen knives from Henckels, Wusthof and more. You can buy knives and find over 20,000 products quickly and easily starting with the links on this page, the fly down menus above or by going to our products page. We now offer the finest Custom Made Knives and Semi-Custom Made Knives on the web!
© 1995-2016 by Howard Korn and KnifeCenter Inc. All rights reserved.
5201 Lad Land Dr, Fredericksburg, VA 22407 - 800.338.6799 (Phone Orders Welcome)


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Threaded View
10 Dec 2012 11:33 AM #1
Use SDK to minify a single file
Is it possible to minify a single JS file using the Sencha SDK ?
I need to incluse an external file in my app and id like to compress it using the already installed toolchain.
I tried various SDK commands with no luck with v18.104.22.168
sencha fs minify -from cms/extjs/js/config.js -to cms/extjs/js/config-min.js --compressor closurecompilerCode:
sencha fs minify cms/extjs/js/config.js cms/extjs/js/config.min.js


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I used to edit the startup script for the GDM (/etc/gdm/Init/Default) to permanently change my display resolution.
How can I do this with LigthDM in Ubuntu Oneiric?
I think you can add the display modes to
If you don't have a
If you don't know the name of the video driver that your system is using then you may get the name as follows (if you have an intel graphic chip, the driver name is just "intel"):
The modelines can be generated with
display-setup-script > calls your mycustomloginvideo.sh before the login screen appears
session-setup-script > calls your mycustomdesktopvideo.sh before the user desktop session starts
You may have "arandr" gui tool generate the above sh script, picking parameters from your current session's X configuration.
Make sure that your shell script is executable:
and you can test that it works (i.e. that you don't have any typos or configuration errors in your xrandr command) just by running it in a terminal:
If the login script doesn't work for any reason, your machine might not complete the boot process to the login screen. If the desktop script fails, you might not get a desktop after logging in. If you are setting an external monitor, these scripts will fail when you disconnect it, and X session will not start.
Some one posted another workaround, although I must say It didn't work for me. It could probably work for you. In my case it breaks unity and I can only move my mouse cursor around. The app indicator top panel looks empty, but after unplugging my LCD I was able to delete the added lines and everything went back to normal.
edit the file
Here is how the first part of that file looks now:
Take note that the Xrandr settings should be changed to match yours.
I have been trying to solve a similar problem for a while now and found a solution that works for me so hopefully it will help...
I have an old aspire one AOA110 that I have broken the screen on too many times and after buying a new laptop decided that I would try to turn it into a HTPC but the external display I have is not recognised by X so I have had to 'tweak' it numerous times to get it working at the correct resolution.
Here is what I did:
After using this http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1112186 tutorial up to step 5 I was able to find a working and acceptable resolution in xrandr but this wasn't working on the LightDM login screen.
Don't follow the steps to make it persistent in the above how to it may work but I think this is the proper way to do it in 11.10. I found this post on the ArchWiki https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg which I adapted to my needs.
First create a file here:
Then add the appropriate X details for your display here is how mine looked:
The important bits to add are under the appropriate
You'll notice that what I was trying to do was not only to set the VGA1 connection to a suitable resolution but also tell it not to use my LVDS1 output. Obviously you will need to tweak yours appropriately to match the right number of outputs and the right Device, Screen and Display sections for your setup.
Sorry for the epic post, I have been tweaking xorg.conf files for some time now with the Hannspree display I've been using and the old xorg.conf setups that I used pre 11.10 just don't work properly any more this is the only solution I've found that works.
Good Luck!
I had the problem of wanting an extended display on my new LXDE box, (not a dual clone), found the correct command, but couldn't make it permanent.
The above methods all seemed too hard/not the right way to do it.
I eventually found this: http://www.sudo-juice.com/change-lxde-screen-resolution-ubuntu-lubuntu/
That worked a treat, but I used gedit instead:
Then added the line at the end with an @ symbol at the start:
Hope that helps and thank you to sudo-juice.
PS Note the double
I've had a similar problem with my laptop as above, and I wanted to add something to the conversation. If you don't care about the login resolution (I don't), but want the actual workspace to be the right resolution, you can add your monitor information to LightDM but not turn on full resolution until you login.
I just added the following script for my monitor in a file:
then I call it in
Once I login I can setup my monitor in Displays and it works, even after I re-log (used to give me a big ugly error).
As an enhancement for Jon Roberts answer, let me specify that arandr does not include in its sh script generation all parameters working in the current session. Primary monitor (in case you are using a dual monitor configuration), refresh rate and gamma settings for each monitor are not included, for example. My session script looks like that:
I manually added --rate and --primary options in the first line and then added manually a second line with the gamma correction because apparently xrandr gamma settings are lost whenever you switch a monitor to primary.
I do not know if this particular behavior with the gamma settings when making a monitor primary is intended or is a bug.
Moreover the session shell script is not called by lightdm but as a startup application, because it seems that lightdm calls the script before things are ready for xrandr and weird things happen.
Based on responses upper, I have done some test and found an useful method that works to me, then I have created a simple script to automatize it with my automatic installs. But it will work to any other cases.
Create a scriptinstallxrandrfixed.sh Add these lines:
it will create the scripts and the files for lightdm display and session. don't forgot to give it permission to execute
And execute
Modify it to feet your needs. Kind regards. Pablo.
Create a new document and name it e.g.
and save it in your home folder (this sets the resolution to 1600x900)
Open Startup Applications (or run
Save it, and now the script will be ran now every you login, so you will need to logout first for it to take effect. Running the command (e.g.
Thank you for your interest in this question.
Because it has attracted low-quality or spam answers that had to be removed, posting an answer now requires 10 reputation on this site (the association bonus does not count).
Would you like to answer one of these unanswered questions instead?


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(San Juan) Luis Muñoz Marin International Airport
PO Box 37250 Airport Station, San Juan PR 00937 0250, Puerto Rico
Telefon: (787) 791 4670 or 791 3840
Website: www.prpa.gobierno.pr
The airport is situated 14km (9 miles) east of San Juan.
How to get there
Baldorioty de Castro Avenue runs west from the airport past the Isla Verde, Ocean Park and Condado sectors (tourist areas) into Old San Juan.
Information about parking possibilities at the (San Juan) Luis Muñoz Marin International Airport
Access by public transport
There is a ground transportation information desk at the airport, which gives information and books tickets for all types of travel.
Regular buses (www.dtop.gov.pr/ama/ama.htm) and airport shuttles run to San Juan, where there is a ferry service from Pier 2 across the bay to Catano.
Taxis are available from the first level of each terminal (journey time to San Juan - 30-45 minutes). Puerto Rico has both ordinary taxis and taxis turisticos which have a special knowledge of tourist areas; these are painted white with a logo and charge set rates depending on zones.
Information desk
A tourist information office is located in Terminal C (tel: (787) 791 1014) and a Travelers Aid desk can be found on the first level of Terminal D.
Airport News:
Major upgrades to the airport have been under way since 2006, with more than US$400 million being invested in improvement and expansion of facilities. The project is due for completion in 2011.
Further travel information
- Back to the overview


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9 Must-Have Health Tests for Women
3 of 10
Mammograms and Self Checks
The U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPTF), a division of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, used to recommend that women start getting annual mammograms at the age of 40. That number has recently been bumped up to 50 in an effort to avoid aggressive and unnecessary testing on benign cysts often found in younger, denser breast tissue.
Some doctors are still abiding by the old guidelines until more studies prove that upping the age of getting tested doesn't result in more fatalities. No matter what age you start getting tested, ACOG recommends giving yourself monthly self exams to look for any lumps or bumps that weren't previously there. Visit cancer.org for a detailed guide on how to do a self exam.
Next: Skin Check


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- Home >>
- Information Services >>
- Student Employment >>
- Technology Checklist
Information Services: Technology Checklist
- We cannot recommend a specific vendor; however, we recommend you get the best computer that you can afford. We routinely contract with Dell, MPC, and Apple for faculty/staff computers. All three companies offer student discounts (simply inquire with each company).
- Personal Computer (PC) or Mac (we support both).
- Desktop or wireless-enabled laptop (your choice).
- We provide wireless networking (802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n).
- We provide Microsoft Office to all students. The productivity software includes Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook. You will be able to download this software as soon as you arrive on campus.
- We provide Symantec Anti-Virus to all students. You will be able to download this software as soon as you arrive on campus.
- Operating system (Windows 7 for PCs or OSX for Macs). Be sure to install all of patches and updates.
- Any other programs that you frequently use. Be sure to bring your discs in case you need to reinstall a program.
- We provide email, network, and portal accounts to all students.
- We provide Internet access to all students living in the dormitories.
- Ethernet network (NIC) card (100 base/T preferred; any name brand vendor such as Intel, 3Com, SMC, etc.) (many computers have this built in).
- Ethernet network cable (Category 5, RJ 45).
- We provide analog and voicemail service to all students living in the dormitories.
- You must provide your own telephone instrument.
- Long phone cord.
- Long distance calling card.
- Cell phone (optional). The majority of students have cell phones. Cell phone signal strength can be spotty in some campus locations depending on the service provider. As a result, you may have problems sending or receiving calls. We cannot recommend a specific vendor; however, we routinely contract with Verizon (for off-campus access) and Nextel (for on-campus access) for faculty/staff cell phones.
Printer (Optional)
- Printer cables.
- Extra toner/ink.
- email@example.com
- 503-943-7000
- Directions & Maps
- 5000 N. Willamette Blvd., Portland, OR 97203-5798
- © 2016 University of Portland, All Rights Reserved


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I have read that unity would be a plugin of compiz. Does it mean that when I uncheck Unity from the CCSM menu, I would be greeted with Conventional Gnome or may be Gnome shell.
The version of Unity that will be released in 11.04 is definitely implemented as plugin(s) in Compiz. (I've seen it with my own eyes...) This is described in a little detail in the blueprint on Launchpad.
It will also certainly be possible to use convential GNOME or the GNOME Shell, though perhaps not in the manner you describe disabling the plugin. It is more likely to be an option at the login screen (if you have it installed).
Compiz is a compositor. It manages how windows are displayed within the X server. A side effect of this is it can do fancy things with windows and the desktop (which is essentially another window). At its core, Compiz doesn't actually do that much interactive stuff, rather handling things for other applications.
It isn't even a window decorator (though it does control which windows are decorated and by what).
Unity is a shell. It's just an application that lets you use your computer. It's like the standard panels... obviously it works differently but it has much the same role.
The confusion between Unity and compiz comes from Unity requiring a heavy compositor to do many of its fancier effects. But Unity is discrete and essentially it wouldn't need to be compiz that handles the effects.... That will be especially true if/when Wayland comes along with its own built-in compositor.
Despite the fact that Oli is being marked down, he is mostly correct. Unity is a Desktop Environment--a shell. Compiz is a compositing manager (http://www.compiz.org/) which can also be used as a window manager. There has been some talk about new releases of Unity being implemented as a Compiz plugin, but I'm not sure that is any more than semantics.
In fact Unity only recently switched from Mutter to Compiz (http://www.webupd8.org/2010/10/unity-to-use-compiz-instead-of-mutter.html).
http://ubuntulinuxtipstricks.blogspot.com/2008/12/compiz-emerald-metacity-what.html contains further information about what is what.


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Railroad shipping: CSX kicks off 2Q earnings season with a solid performance
July 13, 2010 - LM Editorial
The rebound in market conditions for the freight railroad industry—due to an improving economy—is evident based on second quarter earnings results for Class I railroad carrier CSX.
Following a first quarter in which the Jacksonville, Florida-based company reported solid earnings at $306 million and $0.78 per share, which was a 22 percent annual gain, the second quarter more than doubled that output. Second quarter earnings were $414 million—or $1.07 per share—a 51 percent year-over-year improvement, which beat the Wall Street estimate of $0.98 per share.
CSX added that quarterly revenue was up 22 percent year-over-year to $2.663 billion, with revenue growth and continued operating leverage hitting record high levels for the company in the form of an operating income of $768 million—a 33 percent annual increase—and an operating ratio of 71.2 percent.
Like the first quarter, volumes in the second quarter were very strong for CSX at 1,598 million units for a 13 percent annual gain. Automotive loadings continued their strong momentum with a 63 percent increase, and metals were up 44 percent. Total merchandise was up 14 percent with 659,000 units, with coal (401,000 units) up 7 percent—marking a significant improvement from the first quarter and the first quarter of year-over-year growth since the fourth quarter of 2008—and intermodal (538,000 units) up 18 percent.
"These [quarterly] results were driven largely by volume improvement, a recovering marketplace, the ability to value-price our services, and overall safety, service, and productivity on our railroad," said Michael J. Ward, CSX President and CEO on an earnings call this morning. "We took on higher levels of traffic profitably as our employees continued to find new ways to operate more efficiently. We are on the right path in creating value for our customers to help them compete in today's economy…[and] we remain confident in our ability to grow, drive operating leverage, and produce strong operating results going forward."
And Clarence Gooden, CSX executive vice president, sales and marketing said on the call that the manufacturing strength as evidenced by the Institute of Supply Management's manufacturing index showing growth for the 11th straight month, coupled with inventory replenishment, continue to play a significant role in the economic recovery and CSX' quarterly performance. This was reflected, he said, with inventory levels remaining below target levels in several markets.
Gooden also noted that along with volume growth the strong revenue performance in the second quarter could also be attributed to core pricing gains and the impact of higher fuel costs reflected in the CSX fuel surcharge program. CSX' fuel expense increased $119 in the second quarter, due to higher prices and volume.
Looking ahead, Gooden said market conditions look favorable for CSX throughout the remainder of 2010.
"The macroeconomic recovery which began in late 2009 is expected to continue throughout this year," said Gooden. "U.S. industrial production is expected to grow in excess of 3 percent in the second half of 2010. The outlook for third quarter volume and revenue is favorable, as linehaul revenue growth is expected across nearly all markets, including coal. Our network is well-positioned to handle volume growth, as we have handled these high volumes in the past."
Avondale Partners analyst Donald Broughton wrote in a research note that CSX continues to benefit from a significant improvement in volumes as well as diligent cost containment, reinforcing his firm's belief that CSX is a much better-run company than it was in the last cycle.
About the Author


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Lookes like we'll need to "slip, slap, slop" with the 100% block sunscreen lotion on Friday !!
I'm a poet and
didn't even know it
Lookes like we'll need to "slip, slap, slop" with the 100% block sunscreen lotion on Friday !!
I'm a poet and
didn't even know it
Original from Swagman
Hey, he makes a rhyme every time!Hey ..... I'm a poet and
didn't even know it
Life is good! Live it to the Ubuntu-ist!
PS: Until Friday!
Darn it, I am going to be stuck at a holiday party at work! Not the bunch of people I would prefer to meet the end of the world with! Oh well, at least they should have cookies.
Friends don't let friends wear a red shirt on landing-party duty.
DACS | Connecticut LoCo Team | My Blog
Ubuntu User# : 17583, Linux User# : 477531
Hope that Jib Jab publishes a new end of year in review.
AMD PII X6 @ 3.63 GHz - 16 GB DDR3 (1600 No OC) - ASUS Crosshair V Formula
SB X-Fi 2 Sound (8ch) - Intel 10/100/1000 Gigabit Ethernet - Win 8 Pro. x64
AMD R HD 7950 (SAPPHIRE) - WD CG 500GB - Thermaltake Frio CPU Cooler
On Thursday, I'm taking off to move to the Counter-Earth on the other side of the sun.
But I have it from a reliable source that we'll be ok.
Today you are You, that is truer than true. There is no one alive who is Youer than You. - Dr. Seuss
I'm going to put on my tinfoil hat and hide under my desk.
Moderation in all things; including moderation.
Phew.. Just in the nick of time
Feel Free to Bitcoin Tip: 135Rp4pwwYTHEJ4u8bxKaDQiC91N9LUoV2
Backtrack - Giving machine guns to monkeys since 2006
Kali-Linux - Adding a grenade launcher to the machine guns since 2013
The Left Coast Geek * The Community ATI Driver Wiki * Find what you need in the Ubuntu Community wikis
Don't let the truth get in the way of a good story!
This universe is crazy. I'm going back to my own.
Me and my three mates will probably go riding around on horses dressed in black cloaks, just for lols.


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With time running short, several key bills, including one to increase Kentucky's dropout age to 18, still are pending in the Legislature.
The odds grow longer with each passing day as lawmakers and the governor negotiate.
Gov. Steve Beshear told reporters Friday that he hopes compromise legislation on the dropout bill will become law in time.
He said a bipartisan proposal is being crafted that would allow school boards to vote on increasing the age in their districts. If 55 percent vote yes, all of Kentucky's districts will have four years to increase the age to 18. The House bill originally called for statewide participation while the Senate proposal allowed school district discretion.
Other unfinished business includes pension reform, redistricting, industrial hemp and exempting Christian-based health insurance from state regulation.


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This is a question my wife and I pondered over at the breakfast table this morning: Belgium has two athletes in the finals of the 400m at the World Championship athletics this year.
What are Belgium's chances of getting a medal, assuming every runner has the same capabilities? Plus, what's the formula/explanation for calculating this?
I know/think that, if we'd have 1 athlete, it would be 3/8, because there are 3 possible medals, and 8 athletes competing. (I hope this step is correct?)
But what if you have 2 athletes? Is it then just 6/8? Intuitively, that feels incorrect. But I would love to get a decent explanation on how to calculate this.


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I need to cite a Google condition using APA style.
I have the following paragraph, but when I pass it through Viper I get plagiarized. How shall I do?
While I realize that this question is very old, I am providing an answer should others require this information.
For in-text citations, it is sufficient to construct the sentence as follows:
Typically, in APA style, when a source does not list an author or a date of publication, you simply cite the source as (n.d.). If your sentence already references the author/title of the source, then you cite the year of publication only (2013 or n.d.). If there is a page number or volume number, you would include that (2013, p.4 or vol. 2). And if there is both an author and a page number and you have not already included any of this information in your sentence/paragraph, then you cite it as (Doe, 2013, p.4).
As for your references page, unless it lists an author, it would be something like this:
If there were an author, it would be:
If the source is a single page and isn't part of a larger work, it would be:
This website is a good reference for APA style if you do not have a copy of the APA style guide.
A rule of thumb for the APA style, for uncommon sources that aren't specifically listed in the style guide, choose the format closest to your source. Include as much information as possible. There are other possibilities depending on the source and the amount of information about the source that you have; these examples may need to be tailored to fit a specific source. But this is the general format.


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About us
As the UK's largest woodland conservation charity, we are the leading voice for woods and trees. We campaign to protect precious ancient woods, restore the ones that are damaged and fight for those under threat. We create new native woodland around the UK with the help of communities, schools, organisations and individuals.
We inspire people up and down the country to visit woods, plant trees, treasure wildlife, and enjoy the overwhelming benefits that woods and trees offer to our landscape and lives.
We campaign to protect woods that are under threat and purchase vulnerable woods to safeguard them.
We are restoring hundreds of devastated ancient woodlands, bringing them back from the brink.
We've created thousands of hectares of new native woodland including 250 community woods.
What is ancient woodland?1
Ancient woods have been around since medieval times. They have developed spectacular communities of plants, animals and fungi.
Find out now
Trees face huge challenges2
Pests and diseases are having a real impact on our woodland. We're in a race against time to safeguard trees for the future.
Discover more
Restoring ancient woodland3
Thousands of ancient woods all over the UK have been damaged by conifer plantation. Find out more about what we are doing about it.
Learn more


text: ASCP President Steven Kroft, MD, FASCP, attends White House Maker Faire June 19, 2014 ASCP President Steven H. Kroft, MD, FASCP attended the first ever White House Maker Faire yesterday, June 18. The event featured innovators of all ages who are using cutting-edge tools to bring their ideas to life. Dr. Kroft was invited for ASCP's support of STEM education in public schools. Read more


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Which one is correct?
"I am working almost two months at this project"
"I have worked almost two months at this project"
I want to give this meaning: I'm still working on it.
The first sentence is incorrect; it follows a form found in some European languages (German springs to mind), but not English.
I would suggest:
I don't believe that there is any implication of completion in this construction.
See present perfect continuous, which is used for unbroken action in the past which continues right up to the present.
The second of your sentences would be the most correct, but might I suggest some modifications:
You would most likely want to say on this project. (I can think of only a few instances where one could argue to use at in place of on, but they are not very common.) You may also want to move the phrase on this project to indicate a relationship with the verb worked. Finally, to demonstrate that you are still working on it, you could add so far, which leaves us with:
The first one sounds like something my mother would say. Her grasp of English grammar is faulty at best.
The second one is grammatical, but to indicate that you're still at it, you need "have been working":
I just noticed that I automatically corrected "at" to "on". Your choice is not incorrect, but it's more typical to speak of "working on a project."


text:
Ayelet Waldman
Photo: © Stephanie Rausser
About the Author
Ayelet Waldman is the author of Daughter's Keeper and of the Mommy-Track mystery series. Her writing has appeared in The New York Times, The Believer, Child Magazine, and other publications, and she has a regular column on Salon.com. She and her husband, the novelist Michael Chabon, live in Berkeley, California with their four children.


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I've got a decent amount of playtime under my belt in Theatrhythm: Final Fantasy so far. I have over 12,000 Rhythmia accumulated, I've cleared 10 out of the available 13 Series courses, I've cleared 22 different Dark Notes, I've SS'ed several songs in Challenge mode and cleared a number of Ultimate scores.
Despite all of that, however, I've only been able to uncover one additional song, in the hidden "Encore" category. According to the main menu, this brings my total Challenge Mode song count up to 40, when the Museum mode shows that there are 77 music tracks total. I've played a number of new songs (as well as otherwise-unplayable tracks such as OP/ED themes) as a part of Dark Notes in the Chaos Shrine, but can't seem to access them outside of that mode at all.
Are there more songs I can unlock for Challenge Mode, and if so, how? Additionally, is there a way to permanently unlock Chaos Shrine songs for regular play?


text:
What recommendations are there for good apps that combine goal setting with task (or to-do list) management ?
I currently use Microsoft One Note, because you can create lots of related pages and it has a good check-box list feature. You can also drop media into the app including images and screen shots.
However, I'm wondering if there are better tools available. I have both Windows and iPad kit, so I should be able to run most available software.
I've done some research, but not found anything that 'hits the spot'


text:
The Philips CD-i is a console that has become infamous for games like "Hotel Mario" and the three Legend of Zelda titles that appeared on it, but a lot of this negative attention is unfairly due. For its time the console was very innovative and featured some really neat games, yet due to the system's relative unpopularity amongst most gamers, many titles have fallen into relative obscurity.
One man, Alan Bradford (@Alan_Bradford on Twitter), has set out on a quest to locate all known (and unknown!) games for the console and has created a special Facebook group to discuss this journey at while bringing other CD-i fans together. Even if you don't use Facebook you can still check out his site, look at all the pictures, and read the comments that others have shared there.
So, if you ever wanted to find out more about the CD-i or even ask questions of someone who may know more about the system than the Philips company, here's your chance!


text:
Enhanced Host Controller Interface Spec: Adopters Agreement
The document is an adopters agreement for the enhanced host controller interface specification for USB 2.0. It includes agreement definitions, antitrust compliance, licenses, trade names, and effective date. The document includes an area for the adopter's company name.
Read the full www/public/us/en/documents/technical-specifications/usb2-ehci-adopters-agreement.pdf>Enhanced Host Controller Interface Spec Adopters Agreement.


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I bought some precooked whole shrimp. Do I need to peel and devein them before eating or is it possible to leave this step out? I intend to saute them in garlic butter.
Yes you need to devein them. The 'vein' is in fact no such thing; it is the intestine, and is thus filled with waste matter.
Yes, you need to peel them. Shrimp shells are indigestible, and serving shrimp (unless meant to be eaten with the fingers) with the shells on is, to my mind, indefensible. There is simply no good way to eat unpeeled shrimp with cutlery.
I would personally eat them cold, as I see no point in re-cooking something that has already been cooked. This will make the flesh tougher.
I disagree with Daniel, you can absolutely eat the "vein" in a shrimp. Whole un-peeled shrimp are called peel-and-eat and that's exactly what you can do. Basically, when you are first cooking the shrimp you get the make the shells on/shells off decision and if you go with shells off, you should de-vein, otherwise you just serve as is.
As for preparing already cooked shrimp, you can heat the butter then toss the shrimp in that off the heat. You won't get them hot, but you can knock the chill off while at the same time adding the flavors you want to the party.
I agree that already cooked shrimp is inferior to raw, but you can still make it taste amazing.
The fact that the intestine contains waste matter is a non-issue to your digestive tract, de-veining is mainly a presentation decision and not a health one.
You can leave both steps out if you wish, although personally I would always devein my shrimp before using. While consuming the 'vein' is harmless, I don't like the idea of eating it.
It is fairly easy to deshell the shrimp before or after cooking, so that is up to preference and cooking application may have a factor. If your shrimp are going to be fairly dry after cooking (which is not true in this case) then its easy to peel them after the fact. Because the shrimp are going to be cooked in a sauce it will be messier to peel after cooking; but if you don't want to touch raw shrimp/don't care then peel after. As Sarge said, cooking in the shell is more flavorful.


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(CNN)-- There's a fascinating new parenting study out that caught our eye at The Chart. It involves the sleep habits of babies and toddlers.
Research suggests if mom is depressed, she's more likely to wake her baby up in the middle of the night, even if the baby is fine. Experts say if that happens occasionally, it's not a problem.
But if it happens often, it can lead to developmental issues.
In the study, published in the journal Child Development, researchers at Pennsylvania State University observed 45 families over the course of a week. The children ranged in age from 1 month to 2 years. Moms were asked questions about a variety of issues from how they were doing emotionally to the baby's sleep patterns.
Cameras were also installed to watch how the moms interacted with their babies in the middle of the night.
Here's what they found: Moms who had higher levels of symptoms of depression were more likely to respond to minor sounds, wake their baby up and nurse them (even if they weren't hungry) or pick their sleeping child up and put them in bed with them. It can be a vicious cycle.
"The more sleep you lose, the more likely you are to feel depressed," says lead author Douglas M. Teti, a professor of human development, psychology and pediatrics at Pennsylvania State University.
Related story: Marital strife affects toddlers' sleep
But before you blame the moms, Teti is quick to point out there are many other things at play, including family dynamics.
"What happens at night with the baby is a function of other things," he says. Martial strife may be one of the issues. If things aren't great with dad, "moms may want the contact comfort and the emotional security," says Teti.
But for that comfort and security, other things may be sacrificed.
Studies have found children who consistently don't get a good night's sleep have a harder time regulating their emotions. (Makes sense. As any parent will tell you, there are few things worse than a cranky toddler.)
And moms (and dads for that matter) who don't get a good night's rest may be less sensitive to their child's needs and they may not set proper limits. (Raise your hand if you've ever let your child watch an extra half hour of TV so you can crash on the couch.)
A consistent lack of sleep can make it hard for kids to bond with their parents - and the wider world.


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Volatility skew tells us that options with the same maturity at different strikes can have different implied vol. However, can a corresponding call and put for the same strike and maturity have different implied vol?
Taking away all frictions and incomplentess of the market, the theory says that European Call and Puts do have the same implied volatility unless there is an arbitrage opportunity by put call parity $$ C(t,K) - P(t,K) = DF_t(F_t - K)\ . $$ If you plug the Black-Scholes formula here for the prices of the call and the put, you will see that the equality only holds if and only if volatilities are equal. $$ DF_t[F_t(\Phi(d_+^{Call}) + \Phi(-d_+^{Put})) - K(\Phi(d_-^{Call}) + \Phi(-d_-^{Put}))] = DF_t(F_t-K) $$ Since $\Phi(x)+\Phi(-x)=1$, put call parity holds if and only if $d_\pm^{Call} = d_\pm^{Put}$, so if and only if $\sigma_{Call}(t,K) = \sigma_{Put}(t,K)$.
In practice there are bid-ask spreads and liquidity issues which implies that observable prices of European options do no align necessarily to the theory.
For American options (the standard options traded on Equity stocks) we can still think in terms of implied volatility but there is no such thing as a put-call parity so implied volatilities are not necessarily equal anymore. There are some put-call parity style inequalities but those are not strong enough to guarantee the equality of volatilities.
Implied volatility does not have to be equal (so yes, it can be different) for a call and put of same underlying, underlying borrow rates, time to expiration, strike if:
In the absence of those such call and put should have matching implied volatility, under Put-Call parity. Please keep in mind above conditions can be met much more often than most academic papers suggest. I can name you multiple examples for each above mentioned points that occurred just over the past 10 years that may have pushed the call and put implied vols significantly out of whack, sometimes for short periods of time, sometimes longer periods.
First: what you use in the call or put formula is volatility of underlying; it is the same underlying, so volatility implied by call and put has to be the same. It is vol of underlying asset.
Remember put-call parity
$call=put+S-e^{-rt}K$ by a pure arbitrage rule
This means that volatility of call, as variable equal to put+constant, is the same as volatility of put. Since only volatility induced to both of these comes from volatiity of the asset, I am sure it can be shown that this volatilty of asset must be the same for call and put.


text:
Rayovac 4-Pack AA and AAA Alkaline Batteries for $1.27
Free In-Store Pickup
Link to AAA
9 Comments add a comment
Although this is a great price, I urge you to go rechargeable. The only batteries I bought in the past 18 months have been more rechargeable and I love never throwing them away.
Ha, good timing. AA batteries are on my shopping list, and they have ship to store which is close to my house. Thanks woot.
@justagigilo85: True, but I bought most of my rechargeables back when they didn't hold their charge for over a year. So I still buy them cheap for two reasons- to include them with gifts that require batteries and to put them in things where normal batteries last well over a year under normal usage.
@omnichad: I've definitely noticed this as well with mine: I have two different duracell rechargables and rayovacs sold here on woot, all NiMH. They all hold their charges less and less as time went on.
I have quite a few Eneeloops now and LOVE them.
Rather than recycle the crappy ones, I just keep them in the charger for those "oh sh!t, I need 2/4 AAs RIGHT NOW" and stash away some fully charged Eneeloops.
@justagigilo85: The trick is to buy the ones that come "precharged." The only reason they can sell them as precharged is that they don't lose their charge in a month. Of course Eneloops are a good choice, but even Duracell and Energizer have that now. I haven't replaced all of my other rechargeables yet, but getting there slowly.
Any Aldi will have AA or AAA alkaline batteries for $2 for an 8 pack. Also, on Black Friday Lowes will have 30 pack batteries for $4.97.
I buy Member's Mark batteries from Sam's Club. 48 packs for less than $14 all year long.
I have found that they are every bit as reliable as Rayovac.
@justagigilo85: One drawback of NiMH rechargables is that they have a very sharp dropoff in voltage at the end of their life. So rather than your flashlight getting gradually dimmer during your hike as it would with alkalines, it gets slightly dimmer for a while, and they suddenly stops working.
I had that happen a few times with my bike headlight when I pushed the NiMH batteries too far before recharging... fortunately I carried a few spare AA alkalines, just in case.
Also, the NiMH's output a lower voltage (1.2V) than alkalines (1.5V) so some devices don't work (or don't work as well) with NiMH's.
the batteries plus bulbs near me has them for $7 for a 24 pack


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Curious as to how I can enable the sshd to start on startup solely using terminal. The GUI is great and everything but it doesn't go well with my bash scripts.
The short answer on how to enable sshd from the terminal is doing this:
The long answer on how to execute daemons or scripts on startup is a bit longer. There are two ways (that I know of) to do this: