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|Length Overall
|25' 6''
7.77 m
|Dry Weight
5,125 lbs.
2,325 kg
8' 6''
2.59 m
|Tested Weight
.99 m
|Weight Capacity
|Draft Up
|Person Capacity
|Draft Down
|Fuel Capacity
50 gal.
|Air Draft
|Water Capacity
10 gal.
|21 deg.
|Length on Trailer
|Max Headroom
|Height on Trailer
|Bridge Clearance
8' 2''
2.49 m w/ arch
|Trailer Weight
|Total Package Weight (Trailer,Boat & Engine)
|Prices, features, designs, and equipment are subject to change. Please see your local dealer or visit the builder's website for the latest information available on this boat model.
|Std. Power
|Not Available
|Tested Power
|Currently no test numbers
|Opt. Power
1 x 300-hp Volvo Penta 5.7 GiC
1 x 300-hp MerCruiser 350 Mag MPI
1 x 375-hp Volvo Penta 8.1 Gi
1 x 380-hp MerCruiser 8.2 Mag
1 x 420-hp Volvo Penta 8.1 GXi
In her standard arrangement, the Cobalt A25 has individual seating for three in the bow, but flip-out filler cushions under the forward-facing seats turn this area into a wraparound-seated playpen. Or, rig the optional table for snacking.
A Versatile Arrangement
You never know what assortment of people you'll take out on a boat like the Cobalt A25: One day it will be you and a significant other (maybe you prefer to share a seat), the next day a mix of adults and kids, and the next day older folks who want seats to themselves. Cobalt designers incorporated a wide range of options in the A25 seating, but they all come standard. No matter who you have aboard, you should be able to work out an acceptable seating plan.
Instead of a typical wraparound seats in the bow, the A25 has single seats port and starboard and a centerline bench seat at the bow. Prefer a wraparound? Filler cushions will create one, or an L-lounge and single seat.
The bow converts between three individual seats and a full wraparound with flip-out filler cushions – or you can fill just one side and have a L-lounge and a single seat. Because the fillers are flip-out, there's no stowage problem, either. An optional table can mount here as well, with a second mounting point in the cockpit.
This stainless-steel receptacle in the bow holds the optional dinette table ($751); there's another receptacle in the cockpit.
There's a single swivel helm seat and a companion bench opposite – but it has a reversible backrest: In the normal position it lets the co-pilot face forward, but flip the backrest forward and the companion seat becomes an aft-facing lounge, ideal for a single person to catch rays while underway but still stay safe in the cockpit. There's a single, inboard-facing jump seat aft of the helm seat, too.
To port, the lounge has a reversible back, and does double-duty as both a forward-facing companion helm seat and an aft-facing observer's seat or sunpad.
Like most boats, the A25 has a nearly full-beam bench seat aft, with the passage to the stern platform to its starboard. It, too, has a flip back: Pushed aft, it serves the bench seat; forward, it can double as a back rest for the sunpad, creating a chaise lounge for two.
With the seat back flipped forward, the sunpad becomes a chaise lounge for two, or you can lay it flat. The cutout is for the mount for the ski tow pylon.
Add a Hydraulic Platform
The standard A25 has an extended swim platform with ladder – no surprises. But Cobalt offers an optional hydraulic platform that lowers 11" (28 cm) to create an underwater seat for folks who like being awash. It also facilitates reboarding after a swim for those not happy with scrambling up a ladder. (The hydraulic platform also includes a ladder, though.)
Note the wide "flank extensions" that add lift aft to prevent squatting under hard acceleration and shorten time-to-plane; they also serve as steps for boarding from a dock. The standard extended swim platform comes with a stainless steel ladder, or you can upgrade to a hydraulic version ($6,078) which...
... submerges 11" to let folks sit awash in the sea. A transom shower ($523) and underwater lighting ($1,938) are also available.
Robust Construction
Some boats of this size and type are built using rudimentary construction techniques, but Cobalt uses first-class technology. The hand-laid fiberglass hull is supported by fiberglass stringers and a wood-free composite transom. (Wood-cored transoms can rot after years of water intrusion through the cut-out for the sterndrive. Repair is an expensive process.) The stringers are bonded to the hull, and incorporate fiberglass motor mounts. Cobalt's fiberglass liner incorporates a honeycomb-reinforced cockpit sole; the honeycomb core makes the sole very stiff but keeps it light, too. And it reduces noise.
Cobalt covers the A25 with a 10-year hull and deck warranty, a five-year engine warranty and a three-year gelcoat and upholstery warranty. All are transferable to subsequent owners.
The helm has room for flush-mounting a nav unit. The gauges on either side are easy to read, combine analog and digital readouts. We like the stainless steel wheel with its leather-wrapped rim. There's wood trim on the dash, hard to see in this picture, shot by our editor at the Miami Boat Show.
There are excellent, unobstructed sight lines from the helm, thanks to a tall windshield frame. What, no compass? Cobalt includes a digital model as standard, but we'd want an old-fashioned magnetic compass, too. It would be tricky to mount on the curved console.
We like the lighted, push-button switches – push one and an illuminated ring tells you it's switched on. The labels are also lighted, another nice touch you get from a builder with Cobalt's eye to quality.
Very Handy Deck Hatches
Aren't you annoyed with the hassle of stowing fenders and docklines? So are we and so, apparently, are the Cobalt folks. They built a pair of fender-stowage lockers into the deck of the A25, one at each corner of the windshield where you can reach them from onboard or from a floating dock.
Port and starboard deck hatches just forward of the windshield corners look too small to be of much use...
... until you open one to reveal purpose-built fender stowage. We love this kind of detail.
Prices and Our Opinion
Pricewise the Cobalt A25 is close to the top of the range – MSRP starts at $90,055 with a 300-hp Volvo Penta 5.7 GiC DP, and rises to $110,030 with the most powerful engine, the 430-hp MerCruiser 8.2 Mag HO Bravo 3. We haven't tested the A25, but Cobalt claims speeds ranging from 47–49 mph (76–79 kph) with the least power to 52–54 mph (84–87 kph) with the big MerCruiser. There are other power options from both engine builders in between these two. Digital controls are extra for all engines.
You'll probably want to add a Bimini top ($1,754), or maybe a stainless steel arch ($12,052); it includes a Bimini. Cobalt remands some things we think should be standard to the options list, especially given her price. The Bimini is one, an automatic fire-extinguishing system ($646) is another, transom shower ($523) a third.
Cobalt is known for building high-quality, well-appointed vessels, enjoys strong owner loyalty and has won a slew of J. D. Power customer-satisfaction awards. But the company faces strong competition from Formula, Doral, Chris-Craft and other companies that also build excellent boats. Getting there is half the fun, so spend lots of time at boat shows and visiting dealers and pick the boat that's just right for you. We wouldn't be surprised if you find the Cobalt A25 is a hard act to beat.
Cool styling means a lot to us, and the Cobalt A25 has aesthetics to spare.
|Marine Electronics
|Trim Tabs
|Exterior Features
|Carpet: Cockpit
|Outlet: 12-Volt Acc
|Swim Ladder
|Swim Platform
|Transom Shower
|Bimini Top
|Cockpit Cover
= Standard = Optional
|Warranties change from time to time. While BoatTEST.com has tried to ensure the most up-to-date warranty offered by each builder, it does not guarantee the accuracies of the information presented below. Please check with the boat builder or your local dealer before you buy any boat.
Full Warranty Information on this brand coming soon!
|Pricing Range
|Prices, features, designs, and equipment are subject to change. Please see your local dealer or visit the builder's website for the latest information available on this boat model.


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Girls' Preschool Twinkle Toes Super High Leopard
Buy Online & Pick Up In-Store
Send your daughter to school in a pair of tennis shoe boots she will love! The glittering sewn-on mini sequin and leopard print finish makes these extra tall casual high top sneakers flashy and fun. The rhinestone toecaps, side S heart logo applique, and colorful stitching accents are also nice added details.
She won't have any trouble running around with ease on the playground, either. The cushioned insole and soft fabric lining will allow her a more comfortable stride, while the shock absorbing midsole will definitely be of use during a game of kickball.
If she does trip up and get tagged out though, she will be sure to handle it, and so will her shoes. The vulcanized rubber midsole with textured toe bumper will give her protection if she has a little stumble.

subset: commoncrawl


text: I was drawing yesterday and came up with an idea for a chibi character. Now, I'm sure it's no surprise to you all that there is an abundance of chibi tutorials at your disposal, I just felt like making a new lesson that was brighter, cuter, and maybe a bit easier. That is why I will be "drawing a chibi", and showing you how to replicate it using easy steps that will aid you to making this chibi character drawing a breeze. I have talked so much about the many different versions of chibis, and with every lesson I have always found something new to say about them. Today when you are drawing a chibi of your own, you should really try and use some of your artistic talents by adding something different to the character you are about to draw. Maybe color in the eyes blue instead of dark amber, how about drawing a sweater instead of a shirt, or maybe you can turn this boy into a girl. Anything you can think of will actually customize your drawing into something original even if you are following steps to draw a chibi. No matter what, I know you will do a great job because everybody here on Dragoart is a great artist. Meet me back here in a few to see what else I have for you. Hey, that rhymed. Well peace out people, and keep enjoying your drawing day.


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I've create a plane with a spot light shining from above onto it. The spot light projects a texture of an image onto the plane. The light shots out at an angle but the texture is projecting in a flat 2d form on the plane.
I expected it to stretch out much like the advertisements you'd see drawn on the pitch during a rugby or cricket match. Any idea how I'd change the way the image is shawn onto the plane?
The image should stretch out with the nearer section looking a bit more narrow than the top far section.


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I received a new toy to try out and play with the Looft Lighter In Canada the Looft Lighter is available at Ontario Gas BBQ's and retails for $89.99.
It all began 1997 when theatre director Richard Looft got angry. The chicken he barbecued tasted lighter fluid!
Richard started thinking of a better and more environment friendly way to light the grill.
He poured coal into a toaster, turned the flow around in a vacuum cleaner and discovered that the coal got ready to use in just a few minutes!
In 2003 a prototype was presented to the Swedish Inventors' Association.
In 2005 Looft Industries Ltd was established. In 2006 the first 5000 Looftlighter arrived in Stockholm and Richard then called the most exclusive department stores. Nobody wanted even to see him…
So he took his grill, placed himself outside the shops, called again to the purchasers and asked for 60 seconds of their time. They came out, Richard made his demonstration and all ordered the Looftlighter right in the street.
Today the Looftlighter is being sold as a BBQ- and fire place lighter in all of Scandinavia, more than ten countries in Europe and has also been introduced in the USA.
I have to admit I was pretty shocked at the price considering it is just a BBQ lighter. I mean who is going to spend $89.99 on essentially a lighter. Ok really its a lighter and beer opener. It would be advisable though to open your beer then light the charcoal. It is very hot once you use it rendering the beer opener unusable until the unit cools down.
I used in in my weber kettle last weekend. I wasn't going to be cooking in fact I was out in my backyard with my daughters friends who wanted to roast marshmallows. It sounds an awful lot like a hair dryer. Which makes sense since it is hot air that is being used to light the charcoal. I simply pointed it to the pile of lump charcoal I was using and approx 30-40 seconds later it started sparking and about 1 minute later the piece of lump it was pointing to – was lit. That was it. However due to its design you only get one or two pieces lit at a time. I left the couple of pieces lit and after 45 minutes the rest of the charcoal was ready to go. You can also use the looft lighter in fireplaces.
The lighter overall seems to be constructed well. It is heavier than it appears. Solid overall. However there is no child lock on the lighter. That would be a concern for me.
The looft lighter absolutely works as stated. No denying that fact. Its a fun expensive gadget for sure. For however many coals you want lit you have to hold the button down. IF you want a whole lot of coals lit at once that means potentially holding the button for 10-15 minutes listening to a loud hair dryer. At the end of the day I am really comfortable using my weber chimney that cost 19.99 and a sheet of newspaper (free from the assortment of flyers I get weekly) or a weber cube ($4.99 for 24 cubes). Its much easier to me to light my charcoal chimney full then go play with my kids, or prep the meats and veggies and come back and dump them in. Simple easy lighter fluid free.


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Hybrid View
28 Mar 2012 3:01 AM #1
Project upgrade error message
Received this message when opening a ST2 application after updating to 341 so I'm doing as asked.
An undexpected error occurred prior to upgrading. Please report this on the forums. Note your project is fine
I've attached the project file.
28 Mar 2012 7:43 AM #2
I get the same message if I open a project xds direcly (from Windows Explorer for example). I do not receive this message when I open Designer and open the project from the 'Recent projects' screen.
Hope this helps!


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If I have two Parallel Lives, and I have a Doomed Traveler that just died, how many Spirit tokens would I put into play?
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- Anybody can ask a question
- Anybody can answer
- The best answers are voted up and rise to the top
For each instance of Parallel Lives (or Doubling Season) in play, double each instance of a token that would enter play.
Parallel Lives' effect is a replacement effect. It replaces "Put X creature tokens into play under your control" with "Put 2X creature tokens into play under your control."
Thus, two Parallel Lives' would quadruple tokens, three would be eight times, and four would be sixteen. Effectively, for each token placement, replace every token with two tokens for each instance of Parallel Lives.
Appropriate comp rules:
EDIT: Relevant Oracle text mentioned by @AlexP:
"If an [EFFECT] would put one or more tokens onto the battlefield [INSTEAD]"
This wording seems confusing. The act of doubling is an effect of the enchantment, therefore to the wording, two Parallel Lives on the field would seem to loop as one would trigger the other into infinite creatures:
The initial spell/effect has you put a creature onto the field.
Parallel Lives (A) has you put an additional token onto the field.
Parallel Lives (B) triggers the same time as (A) resulting in four.
Assuming Parallel Lives (A) would react to (B) having placed tokens
Assuming Parallel Lives (B) would react to (A) having placed a token
"Whenever" vs "If" would have made this card infinite with just the two, as that word is what typically is used to denote potential for an infinite cycle to occur.
If you need proof of the concept go buy two mirrors and put them edge to edge at a 90 degree angle and place an object at the center or place them exactly facing each other with an item in the center. This denotes "Whenever an item appears, create a duplicate of that item," but two mirrors would also catch the appearance of the mirrored appearance.
This is to say the wording didn't covey the comprehensive ruling in simple enough vocabulary/structure, so that is what most player would potentially default to in lack of comprehensive rules to refer to -going on the card text alone. It is understandable to mistake it as a continuous engine.


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Consider a locally compact group $G$, considered as a measurable space with the completed Borelstructure wrt. the Haarmeasure. Consider a map $f:G \to G$, which is measurable and has an inverse, which is then also measurable. Is $f$ an homeomorphism?
What if $G$ is abelian? If not, what are necessary conditions on $G$, such that this is the case.
For $\mathbb{R}$, it seems to be true: see http://math.stanford.edu/~chris/additive.pdf.


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At first glance it may seem like an unlikely pairing, but wine with your canine is the hottest trend in town.
The unique concept was born of Marc DeMichele, founder of Vines and Canines, 1760 Frankfort Avenue. Wanting to combine his passion for his dog and his love for fine wine, DeMichele and long-time friend, Dale Price, opened an online-only version of the new popular pet and wine shop.
"I used to do a lot of education for people in their home," said DeMichele. "They'd have me come in and bring wines and teach parties about wine, and I started seeing every time I did this, (there were dogs there)…I think there's a mentality that they're kind of symbiotic with one another. There's an affinity between the two."
After a huge boom in business with their online store, DeMichele and Price decided to open up shop in early 2012.
I stopped by the boutique with photographer Chris Humphreys last week to peruse the exclusive liquor selection and pet merchandise. While I left my dog at home during the visit, you can actually bring your four-legged friend along for the trip. The store features plush couches for lounging and relaxing, as well as leashes, apparel, Paul Mitchell pet hair care and pet and human food. The shelves are also stocked with small production bourbon and a top-notch wine selection chosen by DeMichele.
"We try to do really unique wines," he said. "Most everything is very small production – under 5,000 cases…We have a number of wines that are under 500 cases."
"Marc's too modest to say it, but he's a level one sommelier, was in Naples for years running restaurants and doing wine tastings in people's homes," said Price, who is president of the company. "So the wines that he's brought into the store…about 90 percent of them, you're not going to find anywhere else in town."
Several of the wines for sale can be sampled each night at Vines and Canines during their daily tasting beginning just in time for happy hour at 5 p.m.
"We do a tasting every night and people bring their dogs and typically tend to stay for like an hour or two…which is really unique for a wine store," said DeMichele. "We taste from 5 to 9 (p.m.) pretty much every evening. Our concept is a little cheeky but our wine selection is very serious. While we do have dog products, as well, we're very serious as far as the wines go."
Chris and I tried a bottle of Rias Baixas, a white wine, with DeMichele and Price. The delicious citrus-y, fruit-flavored libation added to my limited wine tasting experience, and had me eager to test out the other varieties lining the store.
Aside from sipping wine and hanging with pooches, though, Vines and Canines also places an importance on supporting the Kentucky Humane Society. "We work with Kentucky Humane Society and try to generate money for them," said DeMichele. "We do a large tasting in the middle of the month every month. It's a free tasting but we take donations for the humane society for that."
Additionally, the store hosts an animal rescue day for those looking to add to their pet family. So far, Vines and Canines has found a home for three different dogs, and may soon add to that list with my recent quest to adopt a new puppy.
Whether you're searching for a new favorite fine wine, a gift for your dog or the chance to take one home, Vines and Canines is worth a visit or two throughout the week. The relaxing atmosphere is excellent for an evening with great friends and spirits, all while entertaining your canine sitting right at your side.
Vines and Canines is open Tuesday through Thursday from noon to 9 p.m. and Friday and Saturday from noon to 10 p.m.
For more information on Vines and Canines, visit www.vinesandcanines.com or call 502.409.5141.
Contact writer Ashley Anderson at firstname.lastname@example.com, 502.498.2051.


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Although the normal discomforts of pregnancy can be annoying, they are not life-threatening—and, when you're holding your new baby, who even remembers the swollen ankles, the UTIs, or the hemorrhoids!
However, there are other symptoms that cannot be ignored and need attention immediately.
Ectopic pregnancy means that the fertilized egg never made it out of the fallopian tube and down to the uterus. Instead, the egg begins to grow and divide while it's in the small tube.
There is nothing worse than the fear that something might be happening to your body when you are pregnant—something that might hurt your baby. The three most alarming warning signs that a pregnancy is at risk are spotting and bleeding, abdominal cramps, and sudden weakness.
Spotting can signal the onset of a miscarriage. Help the pregnant woman having these symptoms into bed. Have her rest completely, which means staying in bed. Call her obstetrician once she's settled in. Outright bleeding can be more serious, especially if clots or tissue are eliminated. A sudden heavy flow can signal a spontaneous abortion (which, in most cases, occurs when the fetus is deformed or problematic). Too much bleeding, however, can cause shock. Don't wait; get to the hospital as quickly as possible.
A gynecologist specializes treating conditions related to the female reproductive cycle. An obstetrician specializes in treating pregnant women. A pediatrician specializes in treating newborn babies, toddlers, and young teens.
Mild abdominal cramps, even if accompanied by chills and fever, aren't necessarily a cause for alarm. Call the doctor and make the pregnant woman comfortable. Mild cramps can signal something as simple as slight pressure on the pelvic area. On the other hand, serious cramps are a different matter entirely. If they occur early in the pregnancy, the cramps can be a sign of an ectopic pregnancy. The cramps might also be accompanied by severe pain, nausea, chills, and fever.
Today, an ectopic pregnancy can be corrected with an outpatient laser surgery. A tool called a laparoscope is inserted into the belly button while the patient is under anesthesia. If not treated and the egg continues to grow, the fallopian tube will eventually burst—and, like a ruptured appendix, infect the body. The end result can be shock, blood poisoning, and the loss of at least one fallopian tube.
If a pregnant woman has been injured or is a victim of the flu or any other illness, call the doctor. Obstetricians are there to answer your questions, even if you think the questions sound bothersome. (In fact, if the physician does seem annoyed, get another one fast!)
Occurrences of sudden weakness can be the result of a sudden hormonal drop as the body adjusts to its pregnant state. If a pregnant woman experiences weakness that immediately passes, she need not do anything more than lie down for a while. However, it can't hurt to call the obstetrician, and definitely report anything out of the ordinary. On the more serious side, if the weakness is accompanied by signs of shock (such as rapid pulse, pale skin, chills, blurry vision, and irregular breathing), a woman should seek medical help immediately.
While you are waiting for an ambulance to arrive, follow these guidelines for treating the pregnant woman:
Excerpted from The Complete Idiot's Guide to First Aid Basics © 1996 by Stephen J. Rosenberg, M.D. and Karla Dougherty. All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Used by arrangement with Alpha Books, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
To order this book visit Amazon's web site or call 1-800-253-6476.
© 2000-2016 Sandbox Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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Rowan Mohair Haze is a premium versatile yarn that suits many projects. It's wonderfully soft and fluffy feel is both warm and light to wear. The colour palette is sophisticated soft pastels mixed together with highlights of jewelled brights. Mohair Haze can also be used for all Rowan patterns using Angora Haze however for every 1 ball of Angora Haze you will need approximately 1.5 balls of Mohair Haze.
Colourspun is a lovely wool and mohair blended yarn which is sublime to knit. Each shade is produced by blending two printed and two solid colours together and then twisted with a printed binder.


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ITS Services Status / University Wiki Service Monthly Maintenance
University Wiki Service
Tuesday, April 15, 2014 6:00 PM - 10:00 PM
Scheduled maintenance for the University Wiki Service occurs the third Tuesday of the month from 6 p.m. - 10 p.m. To the maximum extent possible, installation of service, application and security updates will be performed during scheduled maintenance.
For further information, contact Wiley Koepp.
Download an ICS file for this event
Information last updated: 11:23 AM, February 11, 2014


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Connect to a worldwide community of Hoosiers
Today, there are more than 600,000 Indiana University alumni. Each is connected to Indiana University through shared memories and a strong desire to uphold and enhance IU's international reputation for teaching and research excellence.
You can stay involved with IU by participating in events through the IU Alumni Association or by making a financial gift to support tomorrow's students and faculty through the IU Foundation.


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A 17 year old boy that was born in Israel but left at a young age wants to visit Israel for the first time since leaving. Does he need prior permission from the IDF (perhaps through the Israeli embassy in his country of residence) to make this trip to ensure being allowed to leave Israel without performing military service?
Since you are now of the drafting age you should probably resolve your Army status before attempting to visit Israel.
You can look at this post on Expat Exchange that seems to be specifically on point for your issue.
Since there seems to be a question about the Expat Exchange Post here are a few more:


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A mental health center that serves three northeast Kansas counties is providing help for an increasing number of people while dealing with a drop in funding, the executive director said.
Keith Rickard told the Leavenworth County Commission Monday that the Guidance Center, which serves Leavenworth, Jefferson and Atchison counties, sees about 5,000 patients a year, compared with about 2,800 decade ago.
"That's not just in Leavenworth, Atchison and Jefferson County," he said. "That's statewide and nationwide ? the number of people seeking services for mental health and substance abuse is really growing exponentially."
Rickard said the center brought in $400,000 less in revenue in 2012 than in 2011. And if the state reduces funding by an estimated $10 million from its community mental health center grants this year, the center will lose about $183,000, The Leavenworth Times reported (http://bit.ly/XE3vvU ).
The state requires community mental health center to provide services regardless of a patient's ability to pay.
Rickard said the center has decreased services only for clients who want help only with managing their medication. But further reductions in service are possible as state funding shrinks, he said.
"It's difficult in our work to provide less than what someone needs," he said. "To bring someone in and say 'here's your diagnosis, here's your treatment plan, but we're only going to deliver 50 percent.' Then we have an ethical concern."
Location, ST | website.com


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Senior Vice President for University Relations and Public Affairs
Lynne P. Brown, Ph.D., is the Senior Vice President for University Relations and Public Affairs. In that position, Dr. Brown is responsible for the University's interaction with government at all levels, outreach to the community, strategic communications, and university events. She oversees the offices of: Government and Community Affairs, Civic Engagement, University Events, Advertising and Publications, Web Communications, Media Production, and Public Affairs.
In addition to these ongoing responsibilities, she helped create and shape two major initiatives for the University:
Sustainability: She served as the co-founder of the Sustainability Task Force, a university-wide group charged with assessing the University's efforts on sustainability and creating a set of recommendations to reduce the University's environmental footprint.
Campus Planning and Expansion: Dr. Brown led a major effort, the first in NYU's history, to guide strategic thinking about campus planning and the University's presence in its urban environment. The result, NYU 2031: NYU in NYC, was a long-term blueprint to guide the University's growth over the next two decades. The Core Project, a key aspect of that citywide plan, was approved by New York City in 2012.
A political scientist by training, Dr. Brown received her B.A. from Smith College, where she was elected Phi Beta Kappa, and went on to receive her Ph.D. in political science from The Johns Hopkins University. At NYU, she taught a graduate seminar on the politics of higher education for twenty years.
Before coming to NYU, Dr. Brown worked on Capitol Hill for Congressman (and now NYU President Emeritus) John Brademas and Congressman Thomas S. Foley during their tenures as Majority Whips in the House of Representatives.
A native New Yorker, Dr. Brown serves on a number of civic boards, including the Union Square Partnership, where she is co-chair; New York Building Congress, where she is Vice Chair, as well as Co-Chair of the Higher Education committee; and the Village Alliance business improvement district. She is a trustee emerita of Manhattan College (Riverdale, New York).
Lynne P. Brown
Senior Vice President
John Beckman
Vice President
Deborah Broderick
Associate Vice President
Regina Drew
Chief of Staff


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How do Address Space Layout Randomisation (ASLR) and Data Execution Prevention (DEP) work, in terms of preventing vulnerabilities from being exploited? Can they be bypassed?
Address Space Layout Randomisation (ASLR) is a technology used to help prevent shellcode from being successful. It does this by randomly offsetting the location of modules and certain in-memory structures. Data Execution Prevention (DEP) prevents certain memory sectors, e.g. the stack, from being executed. When combined it becomes exceedingly difficult to exploit vulnerabilities in applications using shellcode or return-oriented programming (ROP) techniques.
First, let's look at how a normal vulnerability might be exploited. We'll skip all the details, but let's just say we're using a stack buffer overflow vulnerability. We've loaded a big blob of
In a non-ASLR and non-DEP process, the stack address is the same every time we run the process. We know exactly where it is in memory. So, let's see what the stack looks like with the test data we described above:
As we can see,
We've set the value at
Now we can replace the memory at
In order to prevent these exploits from being successful, Data Execution Prevention was developed. DEP forces certain structures, including the stack, to be marked as non-executable. This is made stronger by CPU support with the No-Execute (NX) bit, also known as the XD bit, EVP bit, or XN bit, which allows the CPU to enforce execution rights at the hardware level. DEP was introduced in Linux in 2004 (kernel 2.6.8), and Microsoft introduced it in 2004 as part of WinXP SP2. Apple added DEP support when they moved to the x86 architecture in 2006. With DEP enabled, our previous exploit won't work:
This fails because the stack is marked as non-executable, and we've tried to execute it. To get around this, a technique called Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) was developed. This involves looking for small snippets of code, called ROP gadgets, in legitimate modules within the process. These gadgets consist of one or more instructions, followed by a return. Chaining these together with appropriate values in the stack allows for code to be executed.
First, let's look at how our stack looks right now:
We know that we can't execute the code at
When this shellcode is executed, we'll get an access violation again:
The CPU has now done the following:
Now, imagine that, instead of
In order to combat these tricks, ASLR was developed. ASLR involves randomly offsetting memory structures and module base addresses to make guessing the location of ROP gadgets and APIs very difficult.
On Windows Vista and 7, ASLR randomises the location of executables and DLLs in memory, as well as the stack and heaps. When an executable is loaded into memory, Windows gets the processor's timestamp counter (TSC), shifts it by four places, performs division mod 254, then adds 1. This number is then multiplied by 64KB, and the executable image is loaded at this offset. This means that there are 256 possible locations for the executable. Since DLLs are shared in memory across processes, their offsets are determined by a system-wide bias value that is computed at boot. The value is computed as the TSC of the CPU when the
When DLLs are loaded, they go into a shared memory region between
When threads are created, their stack base location is randomised. This is done by finding 32 appropriate locations in memory, then choosing one based on the current TSC shifted masked into a 5-bit value. Once the base address has been calculated, another 9-bit value is derived from the TSC to compute the final stack base address. This provides a high theoretical degree of randomness.
Finally, the location of heaps and heap allocations are randomised. This is computed as a 5-bit TSC-derived value multiplied by 64KB, giving a possible heap range of
When all of these mechanisms are combined with DEP, we are prevented from executing shellcode. This is because we cannot execute the stack, but we also don't know where any of our ROP instructions are going to be in memory. Certain tricks can be done with
The only way to reliably bypass DEP and ASLR is through an pointer leak. This is a situation where a value on the stack, at a reliable location, might be used to locate a usable function pointer or ROP gadget. Once this is done, it is sometimes possible to create a payload that reliably bypasses both protection mechanisms.
Further reading:
To complement @Polynomial's self-answer: DEP can actually be enforced on older x86 machines (which predate the NX bit), but at a price.
The easy but limited way to do DEP on old x86 hardware is to use segment registers. With current operating systems on such systems, addresses are 32-bit values in a flat 4 GB address space, but internally each memory access implicitly uses a 32-bit address and a special 16-bit register, called a "segment register".
In so-called protected mode, segment registers point to an internal table (the "descriptor table" -- actually there are two such tables, but that's a technicality) and each entry in the table specifies the characteristics of the segment. In particular, the types of allowed accesses, and the size of the segment. Moreover, code execution implicitly uses the CS segment register, while data access uses mostly DS (and stack access, e.g. with the
(Note that segments are applied on address space; the MMU is still active, on a lower layer, so the trick explained above is per-process.)
This is cheap to do: the x86 hardware does enforce segments, systematically (and the first 80386 was already doing it; actually, the 80286 already had such segments with boundaries, but only 16-bit offsets). We can usually forget them because sane operating systems set the segments to begin at offset zero and be 4 GB long, but setting them otherwise does not imply any overhead which we did not already have. However, as a DEP mechanism, it is inflexible: when some data block is requested from the kernel, the kernel must decide whether this is for code or not for code, because the boundary is fixed. We cannot decide to dynamically convert any given page between code-mode and data-mode.
The fun but somewhat more expensive way to do DEP uses something called PaX. To understand what it does, one must go into some details.
The MMU on x86 hardware uses in-memory tables, which describe the status of every 4 kB page in the address space. The address space is 4 GB, so there are 1048576 pages. Each page is described by a 32-bit entry in a sub-table; there are 1024 sub-tables, each holding 1024 entries, and there is one main table, with 1024 entries which point to the 1024 sub-tables. Each entry tells where the pointed-to object (a sub-table, or a page) is in RAM, or whether it is there at all, and what are its access rights. The root of the issue is that access rights are about privilege levels (kernel code vs userland) and only one bit for the access type, thus allowing "read-write" or "read-only". "Execution" is considered to be a kind of read access. Hence, the MMU has no notion of "execution" being distinct from data access. That which is readable, is executable.
(Since the Pentium Pro, back in the previous century, x86 processors know of another format for the tables, called PAE. It doubles the size of entries, which leaves room for addressing more physical RAM, and also adding a NX bit -- but that specific bit was implemented by the hardware only around 2004.)
However, there is a trick. RAM is slow. To perform a memory access, the processor must first read the main table to locate the sub-table that it must consult, then do another read to that sub-table, and only at that point does the processor know whether the memory access should be allowed or not, and where in physical RAM the accessed data really is. These are read accesses with full dependency (each access depends on the value read by the previous) so this pays full latency, which, on modern CPU, can represent hundreds of clock cycles. Therefore, the CPU includes a specific cache which contains the most recently accessed MMU table entries. This cache is the Translation Lookaside Buffer.
From the 80486 onwards, x86 CPU do not have one TLB, but two. Caching works on heuristics, and heuristics depend on access patterns, and access patterns for code tend to differ from access patterns for data. So the smart people at Intel/AMD/other found it worthwhile to have a TLB dedicated to code access (execution), and another for data access. Moreover, the 80486 has an opcode (
So the idea is the following: make the two TLB have different views of the same entry. All pages are marked in the tables (in RAM) as "absent", thus triggering an exception upon access. The kernel traps the exception, and the exception includes some data about the type of access, in particular whether it was for code execution, or not. The kernel then invalidates the newly read TLB entry (the one which says "absent"), then fills the entry in RAM with some rights which allow access, then forces one access of the needed type (either data read or code execution), which feeds the entry into the corresponding TLB, and only that one. The kernel then promptly sets the entry in RAM back to absent, and finally returns to the process (back to trying again the opcode which triggered the exception).
The net effect is that, when the execution comes back to the process code, the TLB for code or the TLB for data contains the appropriate entry, but the other TLB does not, and will not since the tables in RAM still say "absent". At that point, the kernel is in position to decide whether to allow execution or not, independently from whether it allows data access or not. It can thus enforce NX-like semantics.
The Devil hides in the details; in this case, there is room for a whole legion of demons. Such a dance with the hardware is not easy to implement properly. Especially on multi-core systems.
The overhead is the following: when an access is performed and the TLB does not contain the relevant entry, the tables in RAM must be accessed, and that alone implies losing a few hundred cycles. To that cost, PaX adds the overhead of the exception, and the management code which fills the right TLB, thus turning the "a few hundred cycles" into "a few thousand cycles". Fortunately, TLB misses are right. The PaX people claim to have measured a slowdown of as little as 2.7% on a big compilation job (this depends on the CPU type, though).
The NX bit makes all of this obsolete. Note that the PaX patchset also contains some other security-related features, such as ASLR, which is redundant with some functionality of newer official kernels.


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Could selling non-tznius clothing in a clothing store be considered mesaye le-dvar aveira?
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As a limud zchus (a line of reasoning to judge others favorably for their actions) Rav Vosner, as I understand it, says it is possible that this doesn't fall under the category of assisting a transgression since it is possible that the clothes will be worn in such a way that they are not actually immodest (i.e. layered) or because one is not participating at the actual time of the transgression, but nevertheless a Ba'al Nefesh should avoid doing so(Shevet Ha'Levi 2:62)
See this article (PDF).
Yirmeyahu, great source. He points out in that responsa that wearing non-tzeniusdik clothing is prohibited min-HaTorah, for it causes men to sin.
It seems to me that one could argue that this consitutes "Mesaya D'Mesaya" i.e. assisting another to assist a third person to sin, which may not be a problem. See Avodah Zara (14a) and (21a) where it is stated that Lifnei D'Lifnei is not a problem. Certainly for mesaya, which is only M'Derabanan, it should not pose a problem either.
OTOH, one could argue that the Rabbinical prohibition of Mesaya does not distinguish between direct assistance or assisting through a middle man. Since no Misaya ever directly causes the victim to sin, and it is nevertheless prohibited, perhaps it is prohibited no matter how far removed from the actual sin.


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Demand for gasoline, the most widely used petroleum product in the world's biggest oil consumer, fell 1.9% from a year earlier to a 12-year June low of 8.865 million bpd, according to the API. Second-quarter gasoline use was 2% lower than in the same period in 2012, at 8.775 million bpd.
By DAVID BIRD
NEW YORK -- US oil demand fell 1% in June to 18.727 million
bpd, the lowest level for the month in 16 years, the American
Petroleum Institute said Thursday.
In the second quarter, demand was 0.3% lower, at 18.593 million
Demand for gasoline, the most widely used petroleum product in
the world's biggest oil consumer, fell 1.9% from a year earlier
to a 12-year June low of 8.865 million bpd. Second-quarter
gasoline use was 2% lower than in the same period in 2012, at
8.775 million bpd.
"The latest data continues to reflect the uncertainty visible
in the broader economy," John Felmy, API's chief economist,
said in a statement. "Domestic crude production reached a
22-year June high last month, but demand remains
Demand for distillate fuel, the umbrella group for diesel fuel
and heating oil, rose 5.5% from a year earlier, to 3.935
million bpd. Within that figure, demand for ultra-low sulfur
diesel fuel, used to power trucks and trains, was 6.5% higher
at 3.72 million bpd. Second-quarter distillate use was up 4.1%
from a year earlier, at 3.878 million bpd.
Jet fuel use dropped 4.8% from a year earlier, to 1.47 million
bpd in June, while heavy residual fuel oil, which is losing
market share to cleaner-burning natural gas, saw record-low
June demand of 317,000 bpd, down 14.7% from a year earlier, the
API said.
US crude oil output climbed 15.3% from a year earlier to a
22-year June high of 7.221 million bpd. For the second quarter,
crude oil production averaged 7.287 million bpd, up 15.6% from
a year earlier, as new technology such as hydraulic
fracturing and horizontal drilling unlocked oil deposits
trapped in shale rock in several areas of the
Higher domestic output continued to reduce the need for
imported oil, the trade group said.
Crude oil imports fell 15.2% from a year earlier to a 19-year
June low of 7.721 million bpd, the trade group said.
Second-quarter crude imports were 12.2% below the same period
in 2012, at 7.789 million bpd.
Refined products imports dropped 7.6% from June 2012, to 2.193
million bpd. In the second quarter, products imports were 1.2%
above the year-earlier level, at 2.212 million barrels a
Total crude oil and refined products imports fell 13.6% from a
year earlier to a 17-year June low of 9.839 million
Refinery inputs of crude oil and feedstocks averaged topped 16
million bpd for the first time since August 2011 and were 0.6%
from a year earlier in June, at 16.078 million bpd. Distillate
output set a June record of 4.8 million barrels a day in June,
up 3.8% from a year earlier.
Exports of refined products averaged 3.072 million bpd in June,
down 4.3% from a year earlier, but were 0.3% above a year
earlier in the first half of the year, the API said.
Crude oil stocks at the end of June were 378.8 million bbl,
down 2.5% from May and 1.9% below a year earlier. Gasoline
stocks rose 8.1% year-on-year in June, to 224.6 million bbl and
were 1.1% higher than at the end of May. Distillate stocks of
120.8 million bbl were down 0.8% from May, but up 0.6% from a
year ago.
Dow Jones Newswires
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A searchable database of project activity in the global hydrocarbon processing industry
Engineers and designers are highly skilled individuals. Forcing them to enter design changes using tables, forms and spreadsheets is unproductive and uneconomical, and it increases the likelihood of human error—this is the way that most instrumentation software systems currently work. For too long, software vendors have denied engineers and designers the simple practicality of a graphical visual engineering interface with "drag and drop" capability and inbuilt intelligence, ensuring changes are automatically replicated into all the associated data and databases.
Is 2016 the peak for US gasoline demand?
Too soon to tell
July 2016


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It's the one year anniversary of our podcast, and we want to celebrate! For our celebration we are not only giving away free books (learn more here) but we also have two new episodes of Bookworms this week.
Last episode we reviewed the comic digest Ewoks: Shadows of Endor. This episode we interview the writer/artist of the comic, Zack Giallongo.
- Are Ewoks cool again? We talk about why Ewoks aren't just for kids anymore.
- Originals or Special Editions? It may surprise you what we all picked.
- Is magic the same as the Force in the Star Wars universe? Hear what Zack had to say.
- Zack gives us some behind the scenes info on different aspects of the comic and a teaser for the future.
- Of course we had to ask him what his hopes for the Sequel Trilogy are.
- Did we really spend the last 10 minutes talking about Tiny Death Star!?


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| Ben DuBose, Hydrocarbon Processing,
The proportion of rigs directed to natural gas has dropped from near 80% in early 2009 to 40% today, improving the outlook for petrochemical feedstocks, a consultant says.
By Ben DuBose
Online Editor
HOUSTON -- Drilling development plans for US shale plays are
rapidly shifting away from dry gas and toward areas rich with
natural gas liquids (NGLs), an executive with energy
consultancy Purvin & Gertz said on Thursday.
Ken Otto, senior vice president with the company, said the
proportion of US rigs directed to natural gas has dropped from
near 80% in early 2009 to around 40% at present as the focus
turns back to oil.
is due to the extremely high spread between US oil and gas
prices, said Mr. Otto, who spoke in a presentation at the
IHS World Petrochemical Conference.
Wet shale areas such as the Bakken in North Dakota and
Niobrara in Colorado are quickly rising in popularity despite
their limited size, Mr. Otto said.
But liquids areas in the vast Marcellus region of the
eastern US have also steadily increased in 2010, 2011 and early
2012, he noted.
Shell recently picked a spot in the Marcellus region near
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as the site of its upcoming ethylene
cracker complex.
On the other end of the spectrum, wet development in the
Eagle Ford and Haynesville plays has dropped in recent months,
according to Mr. Otto.
Overall, total NGL production from US shale plays is poised
to rise by 440 million bpd from 2011 to 2015, he predicted.
Thats on top of a 270 million bpd increase, or 15%, from
2008 to 2011.
To handle the growing supply, petrochemical projects such as the one from Shell
will be needed to consume the rising supply of feedstocks such as ethane, Mr. Otto
It is absolutely critical that petrochemical plants be equipped to
handle ethane, he said. We see the greatest growth
in ethane, though there will be a lot of growth in all NGL
Significant expansions of NGL pipelines and
fractionation capacity will also be needed, Mr. Otto cautioned,
but added that many of those projects are already in the
On the whole, rising interest in NGLs appears to be
sustaining an industry that very easily could have been
crippled by the dramatic falloff in US natural gas prices.
Gas production and projects are continuing to expand in
spite of very low gas prices, Mr. Otto said.
The World Petrochemical Conference, held at
the Hilton Americas in downtown Houston, ends on Thursday.
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All fields are compulsory.
Greg Hanlon
I cannot imagine that NGL production is in the 100's of millions of barrels per day as this article seems to be saying
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A searchable database of project activity in the global hydrocarbon processing industry
Engineers and designers are highly skilled individuals. Forcing them to enter design changes using tables, forms and spreadsheets is unproductive and uneconomical, and it increases the likelihood of human error—this is the way that most instrumentation software systems currently work. For too long, software vendors have denied engineers and designers the simple practicality of a graphical visual engineering interface with "drag and drop" capability and inbuilt intelligence, ensuring changes are automatically replicated into all the associated data and databases.
Is 2016 the peak for US gasoline demand?
Too soon to tell
July 2016


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Powerjection EFI On a 1967 Ford RancheroWritten by on December 3, 2008 The Stealthy Approach To Fuel Injection With A Professional Products Powerjection System
In a list of the top 10 reasons rodders shy away from EFI conversion, always hovering near the top is a phobia over the complexity of a fuel-injection system versus a carburetor, followed closely by dread over the amount of parts swapping required. After all, carbs are mechanical, familiar, and easy to tune. Also, you've probably already spent some time sorting out the details to dial in your carb'd combo perfectly. Why mess with perfection?
The rest of that list typically revolves around aesthetics. Maybe the efficiency, easy cranking, and 'round-town driveability of EFI sounds tempting, but when you pop the hood in answer to "What's it got in it?" the simplistic, traditional look of a carb is what you want admirers to see. Either way, a front-load-style intake or a throttle body with a set of fuel rails just doesn't jive. But you just can't have your cake and eat it too, right? Or can you? Let us introduce you to the best of both worlds.
On the dyno at Wide Open Throttle (W.O.T.) in Riverside, California, Pete Andreas held us at a steady 65 mph at 0-, 5-, 7-, and 10-degree grades while Farrell adjusted the timing via the laptop. He managed to pick up around 5 lb-ft and 2 to 3 hp at each interval while lowering the fuel consumption by 2 to 5 percent. On a full run, we found another 6 hp and 10 lb-ft of peak torque. Even more importantly, there was a marked improvement in our overall acceleration curve. Not bad for an hour of tuning. Just for fun, we also ran a quarter-mile simulation and netted a 13.80 at 101 mph despite a fantastically lethargic 2-3 shift thanks to the green dot C-4 trans. To top it all off, we calculated an honest 17 mpg at a steady 65 mph on our mileage loop and saw roughly a 0.5-mpg improvement in city driving.
The Professional Products Powerjection system developed in conjunction with Retrotek Speed got the nod for our testing because it's a unique piece in the aftermarket. Yes, it's a throttle body, but it certainly doesn't look like one. It's aimed squarely at all those guys we just mentioned, the ones who want EFI but don't want to look like they have EFI. With the exact same dimensions as a Holley carb, the Powerjection fits any standard air cleaner assembly.
There's also good news for those dreading all the wiring and tuning; this is by far the simplest EFI system we've encountered, both in terms of installation and learning curve, no matter what you stick it on. There's no need to swap intakes, switch to a return-style fuel system, or even change any linkage. Really, we're not even talking about a weekend project here. Our carb-to-EFI swap took approximately five hours, lunch includ-ed. And as far as a learning curve, well, there really doesn't have to be one-the system can do it all for you.
Our '67 Ranchero test vehicle, recently out of long-term storage, was this writer's first car and somehow survived through high school and college. The 357ci Windsor is a basic recipe: 10.5:1 compression, Ford GT-40P iron heads, and a Crane hydraulic roller cam with 0.525/0.542 lift at the valve. Induction is a Ford Motorsport dual-plane intake, and exhaust flows through Hooker Super Comp headers into 21/2-inch pipes with Flowmaster 40-series mufflers. The trans is the original C-4 auto rebuilt with better guts and a mild shift kit but a stock converter. The third member is the original 8-inch peg leg with 3.00 cogs paired with 25.7-inch-tall 245/50R16 BFG rear tires on 16x8 Vintage Wheel Works V40s.
Running at a fairly steady 65 mph at 2,700 rpm, our fuel economy loop returned initial numbers of 13 mpg. During stop-and-go Los Angeles commuting, economy was a dismal 11 mpg-though it should be noted that the excessive idle time in L.A. traffic (1 hour to cover 12.5 miles) likely affected that number. After installation of the Powerjection, we covered the same loops in the as-learned state and saw 13 city and 15 highway. In a search for more, Retrotek Speed's Ken Farrell used the dashboard tuning software to change the cruising air/fuel ratio to a much leaner 14:1, which netted us another 1 mpg on the highway. And that's utilizing only the fuel control capabilities. When we swapped in a TFI distributor, we found more power and another mile per gallon, giving a total of 17 highway.
Intrigued? Follow along as we show you how easy it could be for you to have undercover EFI
|650-cfm Holley Street HP
|11/13 mpg
|Powerjection self-tune (fuel only)
|13/15 mpg
|Powerjection manual tune (fuel only)
|13/16 mpg
|Powerjection plus timing control
|13.5/17 mpg
Driving ImpressionsWhile overall peak horsepower and torque increases were modest, the torque increase on the low end was noticeable, particularly in quick starts from stoplight to stoplight. It helped overcome the disadvantage of the small 3.00 gears and get the Ranchero moving more quickly. The throttle also felt more responsive at cruising speed due to the increase in torque, especially at less than 3,000 rpm. It took a little time to remember to let the fuel pump prime first and resist pumping the pedal, but starting was always quick and consistent regardless of temperature or how long the truck sat idle. Once the idle settles down from the initial warm-up, revs come in at a steady 750.
A gain of 4 mpg is nothing to sneeze at, but of course, unless you drive the car a lot, the difference at the pump will take a while to really add up. It sure feels nice to get those extra miles per tank, though. For comparison, 10,000 miles per year (solely freeway driving) at the current average of $4.50 would cost roughly $3,462, while just L.A.-style commuting would be in the range of $4,091. With the mileage increase, savings over the same 10,000 miles are $815.00 highway and $758.00 city.
How do they know it will work?Because they've tested every single one of them. Before the kits are even boxed, every Powerjection system is placed on a stock 350 Chevy to set the idle and to ensure all components function as they should. If you have an issue, Farrell and his crew are just a phone call away to walk you through the troubleshooting process.
The kit we'll be working with is the Powerjection Stage 2 EMS. The batch fire-style Smart-Tune software uses adaptive learning coupled with a wide-band 02 sensor to dial in everything from stock TBI to blown multiport EFI simply by adjusting the air/fuel ratios nearly instantly to the preset safe levels or your input. It's also compatible with all ignition systems-factory or aftermarket, electronic or points-and can operate coil-on-plug engines when paired with an aftermarket ignition control. All sensors are standard GM/Ford style, so they can be found at any major parts house, including the provided one bar MAP sensor (two and three bar sensors are available for boost up to 30 psi).
The dual-feed inlet is also a standard length, so you've got options should the braided line not suit your taste. Our MAP sensor is hidden on the firewall behind the engine using a factory bolt. It only requires a small length of vacuum line attached to a port at the rear of the throttle body. The small black plug is the throttle position sensor, which will be wired to the EMS. Hopefully, you have a vacant coolant bung, as the EMS needs a temperature sensor reading as well.
Here's the secret to the minimal fuel system modifications. The pulse width modulation (PWM) fuel system regulates the pressure by switching on and off as necessary to maintain roughly 40 psi. As such, wires for both power and correspondence with the EMS need to be plumbed to the pump. Typically, the pump and prefilter (left) must be mounted below the fuel pickup.
It's not necessary to get the vehicle running, but to view what's going on with the engine or make changes, the Smart-Tune software must be loaded onto a laptop PC. The software is user-friendly for the unfamiliar but also doesn't impede the experienced. The Smart-Tune will let you go as deep into the programming as you'd like for tuning purposes-provided you accept the related warnings along the way.
Back on the chassis dyno at Westech, the Powerjection was initially down across the board. Farrell said, "You obviously haven't been driving it very hard. Run it again." On the second pull with no adjustments, the Powerjection curve laid perfectly over the previously dyno-tuned 650 Holley, repeating the original 269 hp and 332 lb-ft of torque peak carb numbers. Below 3,000 rpm, however, the Powerjection produced more torque.
Man, we really need some heads on this thing. The excessively early power peak followed by a long plateau shows our small-valved GT-40P heads just can't flow enough air for the cam. Still, it's not too bad for a $2,000 carb-to-pan 351W. "You don't need a dyno. I usually find a nice, big, empty parking lot and just light 'em up to tune it," Farrell tells us. That's coming from one of the guys who designed the system, by the way.
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Our 750-cfm system is rated for engines up to 500 hp, but if you need more, there's a 1,200-cfm version as well. The throttle bodies are available in machined and polished billet aluminum as well as this cast finish. We opted for cast since it's the lowest price ($1,900.00), and we preferred its subdued looks. As for clearance issues, all the dimensions are identical to our Holley 650. By the way, dual-quad guys, this system will work for you as well.If you think carbs are simple, you'll love this throttle body. It operates much like a mechanical-secondary carb, but rather than diaphragm pumps and venturis providing the fuel, there are four 62lb/hr injectors hidden within the bowls.After extensive testing of injector position and angle, Ken Farrell determined the optimum position for the injectors was slightly elevated with the stream spraying at a downward angle toward the butterflies.No access to a welder? No problem. The Powerjection system has this neat clamp as an option. Once you drill the correct-size hole, wrap the clamp around and bolt it together. Then simply screw the O2 sensor into the threaded bung. Genius. We welded our bung in since we needed the practice anyway.Outside the framerail, a standard fuel filter was mounted. As long as your stock fuel lines are in good shape, there's no need to replace them. Ours had an old repair that was fine at 7 psi but definitely questionable at 40, so we ran 3/8 braided line instead. This option can be added to the EFI kit for an additional $200.A wide-band O2 is standard with the kit, which will necessitate drilling a hole in the exhaust. For full-length headers, about 3 inches from the collector flange is typically ideal. When using shorty headers or a stock manifold, Farrell says anywhere along the downpipe before the first turn will suffice.Wiring is nearly foolproof. All the wires are labeled and come pre-terminated and wrapped with black heat and abrasion-resistant braiding. Connection to your laptop is via a USB connection on the side of the box.The most painful part of the whole process will be drilling a sizable hole through the firewall to thread the wires through. The ECU is small and light, so a good patch of hook and loop tape mounts it to our heater box.


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Top Definition
A person prone to become mildly involved with or superficially interested in various subjects instead of developing any specific skill or knowledge to its fullest. Often used to describe amateur or wanna-be artists.
John, a dilettante who played seven muscial instruments, couldn't get a spot in the school band because he didn't play any single instrument well.
Beküldő: Luke 2004. augusztus 23.
Trending Now


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June 23, 2013
Cape Town Tourism Facebook game wins Cannes Lions Gold
Cape Town Tourism's Facebook game, My Cape Town Holiday, picked up a Gold award at the 2013 Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity, in the Branded Content & Entertainment category. This comes within weeks of Cape Town Tourism picking up a Travel + Leisure award for Best Overall Use of Social Media.
The Cannes Festival of Creativity is held every year in France and is regarded as widely regarded as the world's largest advertising festival. Ogilvy & Mather Cape Town, who created the campaign "Send your Facebook Profile to Cape Town," are delighted with the award. After the announcement, @OgilvyCT tweeted:"Incredible,crazy happy!" R.E.C Cape Town and Flow Communications were the contributing companies in the campaign. Read more on the Cannes Lions website.
The My Cape Town holiday Facebook game allows users to experience Cape Town virtually, learn about its vast variety of attractions and activities, as well as get itineraries to try out for real. To find out more, send your Facebook profile to Cape Town.


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I heard this example was given in Whitehead's paper A CERTAIN OPEN MANIFOLD WHOSE GROUP IS UNITY.( http://qjmath.oxfordjournals.org/content/os-6/1/268.full.pdf ) But I was confused by his term. Thus I'm looking for an explanation in more standard terms about this example.
But since my aim is to know about an example of this kind, any alternative will do either.


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Parkside Care Center has been serving the community for decades with an innovative and comprehensive model of healthcare and hospitality that our residents have come to rely on and enjoy.
Designed to meet the needs of our residents who can no longer live independently due to memory loss, physical impairments and safety concerns, Parkside Care Center – more... provides a flexible and supportive care program that accommodates our resident's physical, emotional, social & spiritual needs.
Our compassionate and caring 24-hour around-the-clock, professional care team is committed to ensuring that each resident receives supportive, reliable and personalized care. Great pride is taken by Parkside Care Center team members in the relationships they build with our residents. It's no coincidence that Parkside Care Center is consistently praised for meeting our residents' and family members' expectations.
There are so many reasons why people choose Parkside Care Center as their preferred skilled nursing and rehabilitation community. We invite you and your family to learn more about the peace-of-mind and many benefits of living at Parkside Care Center.
Please call or visit us today! You'll be glad you did! – less–ZoomInfo


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Translation of "excuse" - English-Traditional Chinese dictionary
(Translation of "excuse noun" from the Cambridge English-Chinese (Traditional) Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)
Get a quick, free translation!
Create and share your own word lists and quizzes for free!
More translations of "excuse" in traditional Chinese
Word of the Day
the activity of knitting something, or a thing that is being knitted


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An update has come named Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP and it also says Geared toward 32 bit desktop or server systems with more than 4GB RAM. You likely do not want to install this package directly. Instead, install the linux-generic-pae meta-package, which will ensure that upgrades work correctly, and that supporting packages are also installed.
So what should I do? I do not want any problems. Also I've heard that kernel updates are problematic and I've received 6 of them.


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Defensive improvement was one of the focal points for the Nebraska City girls' soccer team going into this year and early returns are suggesting that the Pioneers are meeting their goal.
Coach Kyle Ferguson said a year ago, his team was guilty of chasing the ball and failing to stay with their assignment on defense.
That's not the case this year.
Although the Pioneers fell in Monday and Tuesday matches to Norris, 4-0, and to Waverly, 6-0, it doesn't take much work in analyzing the matches to find proof of defensive improvement.
Norris was playing with the wind at their backs throughout the course of the first half on Monday, but held a just a 1-0 lead at the end of the first 40 minutes.
The Pioneers played Waverly to within three goals until late in Tuesday's game.
Waverly, a squad that returns all but one player from a team that lost in a shootout in the district final a year ago, beat the Pioneers 10-0 last year.
Nebraska City was scheduled to return to action at 5 p.m. Thursday night against Conestoga at home before traveling to play at 7 p.m. Monday at Blair.
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Location, ST | website.com


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As long as I'm living
my mommy you'll be.
Oh my gosh :) :) :) :)...there is just nothing you could have done that would touch me more or be a better birthday gift than this!! You, my beautiful girl...these pictures and these words...of course you knew these words had to be the ones. A hundred times I've read them and never have I managed to do that without crying. :) And then there is this -- my words for you..."I'll love you forever, I'll like you for always, as long as I'm living, my baby you'll be...." Thank you so much sweetie...you made my day!! I love you!!! MomReplyDelete
aww i can feel the fun in excitement in the first picture! it's amazing! you ladies are beautiful!ReplyDelete
This is so sweet!
My mom read me that book when I was younger, and gave me a copy when I turned 18. I can't believe it touched your life too!
Awwwwz!!!! That is sooooooooooooooo sweet~ and your mom is beautiful!ReplyDelete
All comments are welcome, but if you are here to spam your link, your comment will be deleted. Please be respectful. Thanks!


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Can a non-Jew recite the Shema and other Jewish prayers? Is there any one which is off limits to non-Jews? Thanks.
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The Sh'ma is a passage from the torah, not specifically a prayer, and in fact when we say it we are technically studying torah (citation needed, sorry). Reading, silently or aloud, passages from Tanakh isn't restricted to Jews, as evidenced by the lack of outcry from Jews when Christians quote our texts all the time. (There may be outcry about their interpretations, of course, but not that they read a passage from D'varim aloud.)
As for prayers, some use the phrasing "praised is God... who has sanctified us with the commandment to X". These are inappropriate for a non-Jew to say because God hasn't given the non-Jew that commandment. Other prayers are not of this form and I believe there is more flexibility there.
However, it is forbidden for a non-Jew to say either type of prayer on behalf of the community; the community cannot fulfill its obligation to bless through someone who is not obligated. (This is why, when there is a bar mitzvah in a family with a convert or an intermarriage, the non-Jewish relatives are not allowed to recite the torah blessings.)
It's worth noting that a person in the process of converting will begin to say that class of prayers for himself well in advance of conversion, but not on behalf of others.


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Please enter a maximum of 5 recipients. Use ; to separate more than one email address.
Proceeds from the sale were approximately $290 million in cash, Shaw said. The completion of this deal also satisfies one of the conditions of the recently announced agreement for CB&I to acquire Shaw.
The Shaw Group on Friday
completed the previously-announced sale of its
energy and chemicals business to France-based engineering major
Technip, effective August 31.
Proceeds from the sale were approximately $290 million in
cash, according to US-based Shaw.
The completion of this transaction also satisfies one of the
conditions of the recently-announced agreement for CB&I to acquire Shaw, the company
The Technip-Shaw deal was first announced on May 22.
All comments are subject to editorial review.
All fields are compulsory.
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A searchable database of project activity in the global hydrocarbon processing industry
Engineers and designers are highly skilled individuals. Forcing them to enter design changes using tables, forms and spreadsheets is unproductive and uneconomical, and it increases the likelihood of human error—this is the way that most instrumentation software systems currently work. For too long, software vendors have denied engineers and designers the simple practicality of a graphical visual engineering interface with "drag and drop" capability and inbuilt intelligence, ensuring changes are automatically replicated into all the associated data and databases.
Is 2016 the peak for US gasoline demand?
Too soon to tell
July 2016


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U.S. Chamber Of Commerce Fights Regulations On Penis-Deforming Chemicals
A wide body of scientific research has linked these chemicals, including phthalates and Bisphenol A (BPA), to declining birth rates, stillbirths, and an increasing number of birth defects. Many of the chemicals under review for increased regulation have already been banned in Europe and Canada.
In fact, studies have shown that these plastic chemicals are directly linked to an alarming rate of male genital birth defects such as hypospadias, a condition in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, rather than at the end, of the penis. A report by the Center for American Progress' Reese Rushing details many other risks associated with the chemicals slated for regulation.
The Chamber letter to Sunstein is signed by chief lobbyist Bill Kovacs. Why is Kovacs fighting so aggressively to continue to allow birth defect and miscarriage-causing chemicals to be used in household items and food containers? Perhaps it is because the Chamber is heavily funded by some of the largest plastics manufacturers in America. According to investigations by the New York Times and ThinkProgress, Dow Chemical and Proctor & Gamble have contributed millions to the Chamber's war chest in recent years.
Both companies have lobbied heavily on legislation like the the Toxic Chemicals Safety Act of 2010, a bill that would have placed BPA on a priority list of chemicals for the EPA to address. Contacted by ThinkProgress, a representative from Dow's government affairs office said that the company is "among many businesses" that support the Chamber, and that "they're for us." She referred us to a senior lobbyist, who has not returned ThinkProgress' calls. A message left with Proctor and Gamble has not yet been answered.
As ThinkProgress has reported, the Chamber often acts as a front for corporations to maintain anonymity while pursuing ugly lobbying campaigns. In the past, the Chamber has gone to bat for defense contractors seeking to restrict the ability for their own employees to sue after being raped on the job, for bailed out banks to lobby against Obama's financial reforms, and for health insurance companies to secretly run ads against health reform.


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i feel your pain, man. it's some bullshit psychological test.
i feel your pain, man. it's some bullshit psychological test.
one thing about the closet/you don't have to hurry/it will be bad tomorrow/so brother, don't you worry
I agree. That test is fucked up!!! If you answer it truthfully, you're screwed. If you tell them what they want to hear, they won't believe you. This test makes me even more thankful I get to work for myself.
Best of luck to you.
Wow...minimum wage job interviews have changed a lot since I was in school. What happened to "How do you see yourself in five years?" or "Do you have any criminal records we should be aware?"
I wonder whether the true purpose of the test is just to find out if you can concentrate on mind-numbing repetitive tasks for long periods. After all, if the job really needed all the qualities that they're inquiring into they'd be paying more than the minimum wage.
All shall be well and all shall be well and all manner of thing shall be well.
Do you have any link to the actual on-line test?
Is the OP an actual listing of attributes on the test? I'm curious, because a friend recently tried to get a job and he told me about some really fucked-up testing that they gave to him, and I'm wondering if it's the same test.
BOSS: I'm sorry, but I'll have to lay you and Jack off. SUE: Can you just jack off? I feel like shit today.
"I distrust those people who know so well what God wants them to do, because I notice it always coincides with their own desires" - Susan B. Anthony
Florida protester in May 2016: DONALD TRUMP: "Make America Hate Again." Democratic National Convention, 26 July 2016: "LOVE TRUMPS HATE!"


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Why does DRUM ERROR appear or continue to appear after replacing the
1. When
the new drum unit was installed, were you able to print using the new drum and
then the error re-appeared after some printing OR you have NOT used the
new drum at all because the error message is on the LCD?
1. If
you used the new drum and then the error re-appeared after some printing,
go to solution How
do I clear Drum Error?
2. If
you have NOT used the new drum because the error message is on the LCD,
it appears the new drum was not reset properly. There are instructions
provided with the replacement drum for resetting the drum life when a new drum
is installed. If the instructions are not completed or followed properly,
it will cause the Drum Error message to appear. Go to STEP 2.
2. Perform
the following steps to reset the drum:
a. Open
front cover.
b. With
the front cover still open, press the CLEAR/BACK key. The LCD will read
"Replace Drum? 1. Yes 2. No".
c. Press
1 for Yes. The LCD will briefly display "Accepted" followed by "Cover Is
Open, Close the Front Cover".
d. Once
the display shows "Cover Is Open, Close the Front Cover", go ahead and close the
front cover.
3. If the error
message continues to appear, repeat STEP 2 to
ensure the steps were completed correctly. Make sure "Accepted"
appears after selecting 1 for YES.
4. If the error
message continues to appear and you already repeated the reset steps, go to
3. Clean
the primary corona wire inside the drum unit.
a. Open
the front cover and remove the drum and toner assembly. Be sure to place
the drum and toner assembly on a piece of paper in case of spilled or scattered
b. Gently
slide the green tab from side to side at least 5 to 6 times.
c. Return
the green tab to the home position at the far right.
d. Make
sure the green tab snaps into the home position before putting the drum and
toner assembly back into the machine. If the green tab is not securely
returned to the home position, print pages will have a vertical stripe down the
4. While
facing the drum and toner cartridge, on the left side of the drum are three
pieces of metal that look like staples and metal rod sticking out of the
side. Clean each of these off with a soft DRY lint-free cloth.
5. Reinstall
the drum and toner assembly into the machine and close the front
6. If
the error message continues to appear, confirm you are using a genuine Brother
toner and drum.
Brother strongly
recommends customers use only genuine Brother drum units and toner
cartridges. Each Brother laser printer is designed to work at pre-set
temperatures that are matched exactly to each of our individual toner
formulations. Each individual component is designed to work with the other
to ensure quality and reliability.
Using non-genuine
Brother supplies may affect the hardware performance, print quality and machine
reliability. The Brother limited warranty does not apply to any issue
caused by the use of third party drum units, toner cartridges and
If the message
continues to appear, the drum unit should be replaced with a new DR360.
The drum is a consumable item that requires periodic replacement.
If you find your
local retailer does not carry the specific supplies and accessories you are
looking to buy, you can purchase them by calling our toll-free Accessory Line on
1-877-552-MALL (6255) or shop online at our website – http://www.brothermall.com.
If the issue
continues after replacing the drum unit and your machine is within warranty, you
can locate a Brother Authorized Service Center (ASC) in your area by clicking on
the following link:
Or you can contact
Brother Customer Service by calling 1-877-BROTHER (1-877-276-8437) Monday
through Friday, excluding holidays.
If your machine is
out of warranty, you can locate a Brother Authorized Service Center using the
information listed above.
Brother International Corporation Honored by Buyers Laboratory with Summer 2016 Pick ...
Brother International Corporation Honored by Buyers Laboratory with Summer 2016 Pick ...
Brother International Corporation Honored by Buyers Laboratory with Summer 2016 Pick ...


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In the movie there is a scene where the group grab the police commissioner at fund raiser and drag him into the bathroom to threaten him so that he doesn't follow through on a vow to take down their group. My confusion comes from the fact that Brad Pitt punches the commissioner and drags him into the bathroom while Ed Norton locks the door. Now considering the twist of this movie this is the one scene that I can't figure out how it's possible to both drag a guy and lock a door. So how did it happen?
I always took that to mean one of the Project Mayhem members locked the door. Edward Norton's character imagined/remembered that it was him instead of someone else doing it. Presumably this was guided by Tyler.
We see Edward Norton's character imagine himself doing things at other points in the movie. For example during the Tyler and Marla having sex montage, Edward Norton walks up to Tyler's bedroom door and peeks in. Tyler and Edward Norton have a short exchange, Edward walks off, then Marla asks Tyler, "Who are you talking to?" which indicates that Tyler was in control of the body at that point.


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Supervisors are responsible for keeping accurate, up-to-date records of employees' attendance and work hours including vacation, sick days, and overtime. Supervisors are also responsible for officially approving any time records submitted for payment. HR Officers can provide information about the formal record keeping procedure and forms for their units.
Supervisors should instruct employees to report all unscheduled absences from work on a daily basis and as far in advance of the start of the work day as is practicable.
No employee should sign (as final approval) his or her own report. Only an authorized supervisor or manager may do this.
The Payroll department maintains attendance records for hourly employees paid weekly or bi-weekly.
The Payroll department does not maintain attendance records for Administrator and Professional employees. Record keeping for these employees is the responsibility of the HR Officer.
|Effective Date:
|April 01, 2000
|Issuing Authority:
|Office of Human Resources
|Responsible Officer:
|Vice President
|Office Name:
|Human Resources


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According to the wikipedia article Edward Misselden, he was born in 1608 and in 1623 became a deputy-governor of the Merchant Adventurers' Company at Delft. This means he got the job at the age of 15. Is it true? How did it happen? Was it normal at the time?
According to the Wikisource document that article is based on, Wikipedia accidentally left out an "fl." in the age span (i.e. it ought to be "MISSELDEN, EDWARD (fl. 1608-1654)"). "fl." (Latin Floruit) means "flourished", i.e. we know that Misselden was active in the period 1608 to 1654, but we don't know when he was born or died.
If that's true, then he probably wasn't born in 1608, and wouldn't have become a deputy governor in his teens (which, as you say, sounds pretty odd).
Edward Misselden was an economic philosopher. In 1622, he published this missive on free trade, which probably helped him get the deputy governor job.
Most other sources cite his lifespan as 1608-1654. That would make him 14 when he published the missive, and 15 when he became deputy governor. That would make him a child prodigy, an unlikely, but by no means impossible achievement.
In those days, few people of ANY age could read or write. Those that were wealthy enough to learn, and had enough talent to produce pieces like those above, were promoted to positions of authority as soon as their ability became obvious, because they basically had a monopoly of "brains" (intelligence plus education).
In a somewhat later (but similar) time, the Marquis de Lafayette of France was made a general (albeit in the AMERICAN army), while still a teenager. In those days, birth (and the resulting education) counted for more than age or "development."


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I have a question about the meaning of the tag wiki.
Let's say I've worked really hard to build and compile a library on Windows, and I want to share with you on Stack Overflow on "how to do it easily" so other people won't have to "rediscover" my work.
So is all I have to do (in order to do it right) to add wiki to the tags I want to use?
For example: C++ build wiki zip.
(unfortunately ziplib does not exist although sharpziplib does exist, but I guess zip is enough for tagging).


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An essential feature in Bio-Medical Research is these medical-grade Lift GelPads which are specifically designed for each Tummy Lift device. The GelPads serve as the STIM technology conductor to target each one of the muscles in the tummy area.
Includes one set of GelPads (3 pads)
Lasts for approximately 30 uses


text:
Winter hiking holds its own allure—the pristine landscape, solitude, and the sharp bite of cold. A winter boot has to perform, though. Insulation, a thicker sole, and a taller cuff must improve performance, not sacrifice it. The Arrowhead UltraDry™ delivers all the technical specs for a snow-packed speed-hike, snowshoe, or just getting out of the driveway. We customized the Arrowhead with winter-specific elements like 200g of 3M™ Thinsulate™ insulation, the ColdHold Vasque Venture sole and a reflective lining. It's just the boot to keep moving through winter.
7 |
7.5 |
8 |
8.5 |
9 |
9.5 |
10 |
10.5 |
11 |
11.5 |
12 |
13 |
A waterproof 1.6mm PU coated leather keeps snow and moisture at bay, while the softshell material provides garment-like fit and element protection. A molded TPU heel counter adds structure, secures a snowshoe binding strap and offers a convenient kick-off for removing the boots. A zippered shroud protects the Kevlar speed lacing system from snow and slush and a generous heel pull-on loop is glove friendly. Inside, 200g of Thinsulate™ insulation, a heat reflective liner and a plush fleece lining assure warmth and comfort, while Vasque's own UltraDry™ waterproof membrane rounds out a full winter protection system.
The Vasque Venture outsole utilizes our proprietary dual density rubber compound, ColdHold Technology, which adheres to cold surfaces with hard, biting perimeter lugs, and softer, more compliant center lugs. A molded EVA midsole provides a comfortable ride while an instep TPU shank delivers midfoot support.
Black Olive/Brindle
Features: Insulated | Waterproof
Black/Chili Pepper
Features: Insulated | Waterproof
Arrowhead UltraDry™
You can purchase this shoe by using one of the following options:
Select your size and we'll let you know which websites have it in stock.
Please call ahead to see if your favorite style is available!FIND A STORE
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text:
Enables you to adapt the BMW perfectly to your requirements. Ideal when using adjustable footpegs or if the original lever simply doesn't fit. The gear lever adjusts from 12 cm to 18 cm in 10-mm stages. It also has a folding front part which limits the damage caused by falls and drops. And should the gear lever ever be bent, it is very easy to straighten it again.
"A Touratech adjustable shifter makes gear changes easier, sitting or standing, and survives repeated straightening after disputes with various solid objects."


text:
1.7 fl. oz.
An inviting treat for the senses, this fragrance is warm, creamy, rich and cozy. Features sheer amber and creamy sandalwood.
All prices are suggested retail.
Fragrances eCatalog
"You value every aspect of style, and you express yourself with subtlety and good taste." For the warm and sophisticated woman who enjoys a friendly, cozy environment. Mary Kay® Eau de Toilette fragrances are so carefree and easygoing, you can change your "scents" of style every day.
Apply to pulse points. The skin is warmer on the pulse points – neck, wrist, bend of arm and back of knee – which helps the fragrance to evolve. So spray on your fragrance to these areas.


text:
How Rude! An Age-by-Age Guide to Teaching Kids Mannersby Erin Dower
What's the path to good manners for your children? Get age-appropriate tips for raising polite children, from toddlers to teens, who behave well at the dinner table and beyond.
1 of 10
Ages 1-2: Saying the Magic Words
Your little ones will be busy bodies at the table and elsewhere, so be patient as they're developing the skills to sit at the table, eat with utensils, and say the magic words. Try these activities with your toddler:
- Use stuffed animals, dolls, or puppets to play dinnertime or teatime and practice saying "May I," "Please," "Thank-you," and "You're welcome."
- Encourage him to say "Excuse me" for burping (and bumping into others), and "I'm sorry" for being naughty. Don't make a big deal of burps and messes at the table when he's still little. It will take time to pick up good table manners.
- Have your children hand you their cup or bowl when they're finished. This is a precursor to helping clear the table. They can help bring napkins and kid-friendly dinnerware to and from the table, too.


text:
I want to implement some form of access control for a REST API implemented in App engine. Is it possible to get the list of GAE Applications that a user has permissions to administer or view in the app engine console. Or whether the user has permissions to administer/view the current application.
Note: the Users API does not work for me because this is a rest server called by another google app not a web service called by a user from the browser. OAuth API seems promising but I was unable to find an OAuth scope or rest endpoint for getting GAE related information.


text:
Stocks Sound the Retreat
Stocks pulled back after the Federal Reserve kept its bond-buying program steady but offered a mixed review of the economy.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average gave up 44 points, or 0.3%, to 13910.42, the Standard & Poor's 500-stock index lost 5.88 points, or 0.4%, to 1501.96, and the Nasdaq Composite Index declined 11.35 points, or 0.4%, to 3142.31.
Leading the declines were industrial and energy shares. Utilities managed to cling to small gains, making it the only one of the 10 S&P 500 sectors to end in positive territory.
Among Dow components, General Electric GE -0.35 % and Exxon Mobil XOM -1.39 % fell 1.2% apiece, while 3M MMM 0.21 % and Cisco Systems CSCO 0.03 % gave up 1% each to weigh on the blue-chip measure.
Boeing BA 0.49 % offset some of those declines, rising 94 cents, or 1.3%, to $74.59, after the aerospace company's earnings beat expectations and provided a 2013 outlook that was well above forecasts. The company also said it expects to deliver more than 60 787 Dreamliners this year.
The pullback came after Fed officials noted in their latest announcement that economic activity had "paused in recent months," largely because of weather and temporary factors, but said they expected growth would continue at a "moderate pace" and that the jobs market would improve.
Critically for some market watchers, the central bank's policy committee said it would continue purchasing $85 billion each month of long-term Treasurys and mortgage-backed securities.
In the Markets
For the larger economy, though, doubts remained about the Fed's ability to juice the economy, a challenge that was underscored by data showing U.S. gross domestic product declined 0.1% in the fourth quarter, rather than the 1% growth that economists had expected. The reading relies on some estimates and is often subject to revisions. The report also showed that personal consumption and business investment both rose.
"A lot of people are coalescing around this view that monetary policy can't do this alone, without fiscal policy," said Sam Stewart, chairman of Salt Lake City-based Wasatch Advisors, which manages $13.4 billion in assets. "The Fed isn't as in control as many would like to believe."
A reading on job growth came in slightly above expectations ahead of Friday's government jobs report. The previous month's reading was revised down, however.
European markets finished the day mostly lower. The Stoxx Europe 600 fell 0.6%, as weak Spanish data offset improving euro-zone confidence readings. Spain's IBEX 35 index declined 0.8% after fourth-quarter GDP fell from the previous quarter. Italy's FTSE MIB index dropped 3.4%.
Asian markets were broadly higher, with Japan reporting better-than-expected retail-sales data. Japan's Nikkei Stock Average surged 2.3% to close at its highest level since April 2010.
Also providing a boost to exporters, the yen fell to a 2½-year low against the dollar. The dollar lost ground against the euro, as the common currency pushed to a 14-month high.
Crude-oil prices inched up 0.4%, to $97.94 a barrel, while gold gained 1.2%, to $1,679.90 a troy ounce. Demand for Treasurys slipped, pushing the yield on the 10-year note up to 2.009%.
In other corporate news, Amazon.com AMZN 0.82 % jumped 12.41, or 4.8%, to 272.76, after the Internet retailer reported its gross margin widened from year-earlier levels and operating income rose.
Facebook FB -0.85 % rose 45 cents, or 1.5%, to 31.24, ahead of the social-networking site's fourth-quarter results released after the closing bell. Earnings beat Wall Street estimates, but shares fell in after-hours trading.
Copano Energy soared 4.90, or 15%, to 38.03, after the natural-gas company agreed to be acquired by Kinder Morgan Energy Partners. Kinder Morgan fell 2.05, or 2.3%, to 87.61.
Chesapeake Energy CHK 4.43 % climbed 1.14, or 6%, to 20.11, after the company said co-founder and Chief Executive Aubrey McClendon has agreed to step down April 1. The company also said a review of alleged conflicts of interest involving Mr. McClendon has found no improper conduct.
The Dow's rise this month with one trading day left, a signal it may end 2013 in the black.
Research In Motion, the Canadian smartphone maker, slumped 1.88, or 12%, to 13.78, as it unveiled two new BlackBerry phones and said it would change its corporate name to BlackBerry.
MeadWestvaco dropped 1.30, or 4%, to 31.63, after the packaging company reported fourth-quarter adjusted earnings that fell short of expectations.
Unisys UIS -0.30 % surged 2.83, or 15%, to 21.75, after the company reported fourth-quarter adjusted earnings that were more than double what analysts had expected, citing a strong performance by its technology business.
Ventrus Biosciences dropped 75 cents, or 23%, to 22.87, after the company announced plans to offer common stock and convertible preferred shares for sale to the public.
Write to Jonathan Cheng at firstname.lastname@example.com and Alexandra Scaggs at email@example.com
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