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First thoughts on the stunning news
It could very well be that Pope Benedict's greatest contribution to Catholic ecclesiology will be that he resigned the papal office. Everyone has known that it is possible for a pope to resign; the Code of Canon Law mentions it. But part of the very modern "mystique" of the papacy has been that it stands above and apart from all other offices in the Church, that by it the pope is so closely associated with Christ that for a pope to resign might almost feel like a betrayal of Christ. As Pope John Paul II was fading awaylike a melting snowman, a friend described the sight, one even heard people say that for him to resign would be like asking Christ to come down from the cross. John Paul himself is supposed to have said, with regard to a possible resignation, "To whom would I submit my resignation?" My answer was: "To the Church"...By this act, his frank admission that to carry out the Petrine ministry certain conditions of bodily and mental health are required, Benedict helps bring the papacy back within the Church, down from what Hans Urs von Balthasar called pyramid-like isolation. It also suggests the thought that if a pope can resign for health reasons, he might resign for other reasons also, as, for example, because he agrees with something Newman said in 1870: "It is not good for a Pope to live 20 years. It is anomaly and bears no good fruit; he becomes a god, has no one to contradict him, does not know facts, does cruel things without meaning it." (This reminds me of the jibe about two things that happen when a man is made a bishop: Hell never have a bad meal again, and hell never hear the truth again.) In other words, even though no term-limits may be assigned to the papal office, a pope can have his own term-limits in mind, and say to himself, and to the Church, "Basta!" If papal resignations were to become something normal (that is, not occurring only every six hundred years or so...), then there might be less reluctance to elect someone younger and still energetic without the fear that he will wear out his welcome.
About the Author
Rev. Joseph A. Komonchak, professor emeritus of the School of Theology and Religious Studies at the Catholic University of America, is a retired priest of the Archdiocese of New York.
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Please, no new Pope from Latin America, Africa or the Phillipines where the ministry by laity, especially women, will be vastly set back. We do not need a 'ceremonial pope' but one who walks among the people and admonishes his fellow bishops to care for the poor, the young and the forsaken. Time for a bad meal or two, a real concern for the gigantic dearth of ordained priests and deacons (including women) to serve local communities, and most importantly, time for Vatican III as an ongoing council activity meeting in various places in the world to emphasize collegiality over curial action.
I think it's just great when people considered elderly by our culture do things with such a huge impact. You never know what you're destined to do in this life until its really all over.
Why Celestine V resigned, and why he was canonized:But this blessed man, wonderfully innocent and without experience in matters relating to the governance of the universal Churchsince from his tender years into old age he had lived far from the world and had not applied his heart to worldly but to divine thingshe prudently turned the eye of his inner consideration upon himself, and he gave up the honor and the burden of the papacy, freely and totally, lest, for the reasons just stated, by his governance some danger might come upon the universal Church and so that he could turn away from Marthas bustling concerns and could with Mary devote himself to contemplation at the feet of Jesus.Clement V, Qui facit magna; Bulla canonizationis: Acta Sanctorum, Maii tomus quartus (Paris, 1866), 434B.
This is very thoughtful. I hoe Pope Benedict does establish a trend towards resignation when that time comes.
I notice that the announcement was made after the latest Peter's Pence collection occurred. Does Benedict get to keep all that money for himself? He may need the money for his defense if Los Angeles Archbishop Gomez should become the next Pope. If i remember correctly, Ignazio Silone claims that Celestine V was protected by bandits in the Abruzzi, at least for a time, against Boniface VIII.
I'm in full agreement with JK's statement that the pope, when stepping down, submits his resignation to the Church. Far preferable to G. Weigel's notion that this is not a resignation, but an abdication.Benedict's move seems to me a very prudent one. The ability of modern medicine to keep people alive, almost regardless of physical or mental state, long after their natural terms would normally have ended, makes necessary a decision like this, and will make easier dealing with such thorny questions in the future. For secular comparisons, think of the illnesses of George III of England, mental and otherwise; though they were evident already by the 1780s, it was not until 1810 that the Regency was set up to handle the burdens of kingship. Or think of Woodrow Wilson in our own country, whose illness was well hidden from the press, partly through the efforts of Mrs. Wilson (I'm not an American historian either, but I think that's more or less right). Perhaps indeed we will move towards a "normal retirement age" for popes as we have for bishops and so much of the rest of the world. But not all of it; if you want to give the Holy Spirit a really difficult job to do, consider whether she might establish a retirement age for tenured professors in the US.
Please-a pope that has the discernment to recognize that the Neo- Cathechumenate is not what it professes to be ;part of the New Evangelization but is actually a parallel church embedded in the Church that inverts the message and work of the universal Church.
Nicholas Clifford: Your last paragraph is right on target! A good way of thinking it: an elected pope has tenure! You can make all the changes you want in structures--as, for example, eliminating a mandatory retirement-age for professors--, but if you want the system (e.g., a university, or tenure) to work, you need people who will act intelligently, reasonably, and responsibly. Not only does no structural change guarantee such authenticity, neither does it substitute for it. We had a professor at Catholic University who was hired after Yale let him go at the age of 65. He taught at CUA for 25 years, on one-year contracts, but when, after student-complaints, the University did not give him, now 90 years old, another year's contract, he sued it for age-ism!
Having been reared in Louisiana politics, I can't help wondering what it will be like for the next pope to have his predecessor still around. If the Curia is always awash in jockeying, how will these new circumstances affect the "strivers" who are always with us? The next pope will have to be both holy and politically adroit.
I imagine that the retired Pope will go off somewhere where he won't be heard from again until he dies. And there are many good examples of how this sort of thing has been handled at the level of dioceses.You'll be able to guess how long ago this conversation took place: I remember talking to David Tracy about the possibility of a pope's resigning. His quip was: "Imagine what a fee he could get for appearing on "The Tonight Show" with Johnny Carson!"
Speaking of TV, I'm remembering a scene on the West Wing. President Bartlet resigns (temporarily in his case) because his daughter has been kidnapped and his motivations have become compromised. One of his staffers calls it something like "An extraordinary act of statesmanship, and a fairly normal act of fatherhood." That seems applicable here, mutatis mutandis.
I would second Joe Komonchak and other commentators that Benedict's resignation helps refine the notion of the papacy and, thanks be to God, distinguishes the person from the office. I would also opine that he really did this for the good of the church as much as anything. While many theologians disagree with him and some of his policies on various issues, his commitment to do the best he could for God's church seems unassailable. And the workload, especially in the footsteps of J2P2 is enormous. Pius X did not have a 24 hour news cycle, vatileaks, the Web, instantaneous communications, and did not have to tweet. The public face of the church is a role one can play only if one has full strength and vigor these days. Given the chaos of the last of J2P2's years, one can imagine Ratzinger wanting to spare the church that. But if he does, as the report of Lombardi's press conference has it, plan to stay in a former cloister in the Vatican, he won't be far away.
Thank God! Perhaps Pope Benedict resigned because he witnessed first hand the damage done by Pope John Paul's long, long decline.
According to Giovanni Maria Vian, in an editorial appearing in tomorrow's "L'Osservatore Romano." the Pope came to his decision after his trip to Mexico and Cuba last March.This may cast some light on the unexpected Consistory of last November when six new cardinals were installed.
I pray that the Holy Spirit will inspire the Cardinals who elect the next Pope to choose a man like Pope John XXIII who saw his role as that of a pastor and who never forgot that Jesus declared that the second most important commandment is to love our neighbor as ourselves. The Church does not need an autocrat who turns inquisitors loose on nuns while continuing to harbor miscreants like Bernard Law in the Vatican.
I hope Benedict gets a few more peaceful years to do some writing, play some Mozart, and drink some beer.
A friend just asked me if there is any connection between the pope's resignation and the HBO documentary, "Mea Maxima Culpa."
How will Benedict's legacy be affected if he leaves office without firing (or asking for the resignation of) Bishop Finn?
What a wonderful post.I think the issue of retirement is closely linked to the question of what the papacy is for, and the more we can think about it in terms that serve the church rather than "deify" the holder of this important office (which exists for the good of the church), the better. There is a cult of the papacy that, if indulged too much as that of the great man rather than as the servant of the church, is not good for the whole. Along these lines I've had some disquiet over the extraordinary number of canonization proceedings for popes that have taken place in recent years. It seems there is a rush to canonize all the popes of the 20th century (almost), which has some sort of a psychological basis rather than a prudent religious exercise.
I think this is a gesture rooted in generosity and I am deeply grateful. I think the conclave will be deadlocked for a while. I hope Benedict gets his cat back.
A response? The spark of eternal youth? The fires on the altars of Elijah? http://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2013/02/11/foto/dimissioni_papa_fulmini_...
To Jeanne Follman: I entirely agree. The time to pray, read, study, write, play Mozart (I heard him once and he played quite well that time) is a gift.I also think his resignation is a challenge to all of us to think more about the papacy. He also has opened the door for his successors to consider resignation a "live option." We will need some time to plumb the depths of this graceful act and decision.
A Black Swan event noted by the three characteristics. 1. a surprise2.has major effect3 rationalized by hindsight. Monday morning QB.
Resignation today. Term limits tomorrow?Just enquiring.
It strikes me that the Pope has elected for white martyrdom, as many did in the Middle Ages; he will, for all intents and purposes, be out of the world, to live a life of silence and prayer. One wonders if this was in his mind when he recently addressed some elders and talked about allowing themselves to be cared for and of the importance of their prayers in illness and infirmity.Like Molly, I hope there will be a cat. They were allowed in the Ancrene Wisse: Ye, mine leove sustren, bute yef neod ow drive ant ower meistre hit reade, neschulen habbe na beast bute cat ane.
Canon Law does not provide any procedure for retiring a pope who becomes permanently mentally/physically totally disabled, which, apparently would be the Vatican's worst nightmare. I wonder if Benedict will do something about that before the end of the month.
I think that Benedict XVI has offered a positive witness to the Church and, through his action, a gift to the office of Pope. I second everything Rita said.His resignation (and I think we should use the term "resignation" and not, pace Weigel, who I often like, the term "abdication") was gracious and clearly prayerfully considered.As for the other threads about his successor, each does put their own particular emphasis on one aspect of the Church's mission or the other. This pope seemed interested in liturgy, reconciliation with different groups such as SSPX and the Anglicans. The next may emphasize different kinds of priorities such as collegiality practiced differently or perhaps governance issues relative to transparency, or maybe transforming the Church in other subtle ways in terms of its public face to the world. In some ways, the Vatican has been defensive and feeling that it is under siege with secularism, etc. Benedict XVI was a bit more Biblical in his approach but we did not see that as much as we could have. I would like to see a bit more grounding of tradition in the biblical tradition and less of grounding it in Church Fathers.
why such a fuzz...so many older people here in the States and specially in other places have to work...past 85....lack of strength wont do for many....if he wants to go, good for him...
Catholic intellectuals, and especially those who read Commonweal, tend to an unwarranted kindness -- even those who are genuinely glad to see Benedict go, as I am sure many of us are. Benedict and his immediate predecessor did, I think, more harm to the church than anyone since Pius X. Both of them betrayed the Council and by doing so cast the community into confusion and what may be permanent conflict and thereby missed a great grace and opportunity. Both of them, by their appointments, ensured the mediocracy of the episcopate for which we will pay for a generation or two. Neither one of them did much to bring the three or more wings of the church into decent and respectful conversation. Both of them conducted a holy war on theologians in order to bring them into line with a legally blind magisterium. Both of them were (are) misogynists. Both of them seemed to think that priests must abstain from sexual love if their ministry is to support the church's mission (both of them needed wives, I suspect). Both of them would have ignored, and in some cases did in fact ignore, the crimes committed against children (in the case of Benedict, some slight modification occurred when Catholic parents began to cry to heaven and the civil law for justice). Both of them firmly believed in the 1500 year delusion of Roman bishops that they sit on the chair of Peter and tried to act accordingly. Yes, it is true that in many other ways they were outstanding men, priests and theologians but in total they were not good popes. In several ways they visited disaster upon a church which looked for genuine and courageous leadership. I am not sorry to see them gone and pray for the next bishop as I did for them.
Some may have cited this elsewhere, but Philippa Hitchen at Vatican Radio had a good interview with Rowan Williams, who revealed something of the conversations he and B16 had shared about the burdens of leadership, and he also made a point that Father K and others have here:http://www.news.va/en/news/former-anglican-leader-not-surprised-by-papal...
Q: The resignation is being seen as a modernising step for the papacy: do you see it as furthering the call by Johh Paul II in Ut Unum Sint to rethink the papacy in the service of unity for all Christians?A: Thats a really interesting question because it does seem to me that an act like this does something to, as you might put it, demystify the papacy, the pope is not like a sort of God King who goes on to the very end. The ministry of service that the Bishop of Rome exercises is just that, a ministry of service and its therefore reasonable to ask if there is a moment when somebody else should take that baton in hand. So yes, Id call it demystifying and in that sense reminding us that the position of the bishop of Rome, the primitive position of the bishop of Rome as the servant of the unity of the Church, of the bishop who convenes, mediates between, manages the fellowship of the bishops, that slightly more functional, slightly less theologically top heavy picture, that may be one of the things that emerges from this
Andrew Sullivan also points to St. Gregory the Great's writings, which have been cited by Benedict:http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2013/02/12/pope-gregory-and-pope-benedict/
No one could doubt that this Holy Father has meditated profoundly, and I expect repeatedly, on The Pastoral Rule of St. Gregory the Greatthat sixth-century handbook for those who hold the highest spiritual authority, what Benedict and others have called the ars artium (the art of arts). Much of the book is a warning against the wrong reasons for grasping or holding on to power, followed by an outline of the virtues needed to exercise leadership well. In the first book of The Pastoral Rule we find this line, which I believe has quietly echoed for some weeks in the Holy Fathers thoughts: He must be a man whose aims are not thwarted by the frailty of his body. The office of Peter is not a spiritual thing which discounts human nature. That sacred ministry resides with a person, but that person must have the nature to exercise its rigors.
Here is a reaction (in French) from within the traditionalist camp, written by a fine scholar, regretting the consequences others and I believe Benedict's resignation may have on the theory and practice of the papacy. He also very much regrets that the pontificate of Benedict XVI did not implement the views of Joseph Ratzinger!: http://tradinews.blogspot.com/2013/02/luc-perrin-le-forum-catholique-imp...
Wonder what would happen if the conclave elects--Joseph Ratzinger?


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Suppose I have two collections of sets, $\{A_i\}_{i \in I}$ and $\{B_i\}_{i \in I}$. It is given in the problem that $$\mathrm{card}(A_i) < \mathrm{card}(B_i) \text{ for all }i \in I $$
I want to show that $$ \operatorname{card}\left(\bigcup_{i \in I} A_i \right) < \operatorname{card}\left( \prod_{i \in I} B_i \right) $$
There are no stipulations given about the cardinalities of $A_i, B_i$ or $I$.
This question came up when I was looking through a book on Naive Set Theory, and it has proved intractable so far. Any help would be much appreciated!

subset: commoncrawl


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(WIBW) - Major Dan Nicodemus of Leavenworth County confirms that 17 year old Logan Burris is in custody at the Leavenworth County Jail, while an investigation continues involving the Amber Alert for 16 year old Jenna Marie Hord.
Authorities say two teens who were the focus of an Amber Alert issued Thursday afternoon were found safe Thursday evening in Hiawatha, Kansas.
Brown County Sheriff John Merchant says an anonymous citizen and off duty Horton Police officer Cory Lay, spotted a vehicle matching the description of the car belonging to 16-year-old Jenna Marie Hord. The citizens contacted authorities. A deputy then pulled over the vehicle and took Hord and 17-year-old Logan Burris into custody around 8 pm Thursday.
Merchant said the pair cooperated. He said no weapon was found in the vehicle. Hord and Burris were taken to the Brown Co. Sheriff's Office to wait for Leavenworth Co. authorities to pick them up and continue the investigation.
Hord had last been seen around 9:40 pm Wednesday in Leavenworth. Police say they were called to the Casey's General Store at 20th and Spruce, where Burris, who is Hord's ex-boyfriend, was fighting with Hord's current boyfriend. Burris reportedly grabbed Hord's arm pushed her into her car, then drove away.
Margie Besette, Hord's mother, spoke with KCTV5 and said she'd been told Burris threatened Hord at the convenience store, telling her he'd shoot her in the head if she didn't get into the car.
Police said they are especially concerned because Burris was spotted with a handgun earlier in the day and he was threatening people with the weapon. Police said they've had run ins with Burris before, but wouldn't elaborate because the teen is a minor.
Besette said her daughter, who is from Atchison, had dated Burris on and off for about two years, but their relationship had recently become violent. Besette said on April 1, Burris had beat up her daughter so badly, she had to go to the hospital.
Officers were told by several of Hord's friends, who said they had talked to or texted Hord, that she was OK. Police hadn't been able to verify that information and haven't had contact with her since the incident at the convenience store. Besette said she'd been told by her daughter's friends that Burris most likely broke Hord's cellphone.
Police said one of the reasons they issued the Amber Alert is because they believed Burris might try to head out of state to Missouri or Illinois.


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(WIBW) - Gov. Sam Brownback announced a new group aimed at attracting people to the state's great outdoors.
The Governor named his Ecotourism Steering Committee during a Wednesday appearance in Wichita. The 16-member group will work with Wildlife, Parks and Tourism Secretary Robin Jennison to recommend objectives, marketing strategies and policies to boost ecotourism in Kansas.
"One of my priorities is to boost ecotourism to get Kansans outdoors and to attract visitors from around the U.S. and the world," Brownback said. "There are many outstanding natural features in Kansas that are showcases for our state. This steering committee will help provide direction and guidance on ecotourism issues as well as recommend objectives, marketing strategies, and policies to grow this important industry in Kansas."
Tourism is the third-largest industry in Kansas, bringing in $5.4 billion annually. Last year, the state says nearly 800,000 people participated in wildlife-watching activities in Kansas.
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The group's first meeting is Thursday in Topeka.
Governor's Ecotourism Steering Committee Members
Mike Beam, Topeka
Kansas Livestock Association
Joe Bisogno, Olathe
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Dr. Ted Cable, Manhattan
Department of Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, Kansas State University
Cris Collier, Great Bend
President and CEO, Great Bend Convention and Visitors Bureau
Clare Gustin, Hays
Vice President Member Services and External Affairs, Sunflower Electric
Dr. Edward H. Hammond, Hays
Fort Hays State University President
Brian Leader, Omaha, NE
Landscape Architect, National Park Service
Brad Loveless, Topeka
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Rob Manes, Wamego
State Director, The Nature Conservancy in Kansas
Stephanie Manes, Wamego
Ranchland Trust of Kansas
Dr. Roger Marshall, M.D., Great Bend
Kansas Wildlife, Parks and Tourism Commissioner
Alan Pollom, Topeka
Vice President and Senior Conservation Specialist, The Nature Conservancy in Kansas
Mike Reynolds, Omaha, NE
Midwest Regional Director, National Park Service
Steve Sorensen, Valley Center
Conservation Vice President, Kansas Wildlife Federation
Steve Swaffer, Rossville
Kansas Farm Bureau
Chris Wilson, Manhattan
Farmer and Rancher


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7 Comments add a comment
Don't order from this company. Hopefully you never have to call their non existent customer service.
Why is Woot letting people sell this stuff on here? There is no legitimate use for these except for fighting. What next? Assault Weapons???
Yeah I never got my package so I'm not gonna order from this company ever again.
@vutran922: You should be able to contact us from our website. We will check on the status of the order and reship if necessary.
@drumbee: Actually, they are often used by law enforcement and security personnel.
@drumbee: I know lots of people that hunt with these.
They can be (and are) used as weapons, but they are also good for working out. If you've ever put them on and done anything where your arms are moving... it makes a big difference.


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I can sync them with Banshee but in Rhythmbox (Am starting again to use it since it will be the default in 12.04) I can see that Rhythmbox can detect the ipod and see the songs but when I try to drag one to the ipod how can I tell it to sync it so I can remove the iPod and listen to it.
If you are using iOS 5.x, the library that Rhythmbox (and others) use to do this does not yet support the newer database version. If your iOS device has recently been updated, then you simply need to wait for libimobiledevice to be updated (watch the website under Music/Video Synchronization Status for updates).
[edit: 3/11/13 e.m.fields - It seems that the libimobiledevices is supporting up to iOS 6.12 as of this release. ]
from www.libimobiledevice.org:
Maybe you can take a look on the official documentation here:
This is a grafical hint on how to do this:
If this doesn't work, you can try as described in this guide:
I'm using a Toshiba NB505 with Ubuntu 12.10 and an iPod Nano 8GB 4th Gen. I restored the iPod using iTunes on a separate windows computer for a clean slate. I set up my playlists and podcasts in Rhythmbox, connected the iPod, and synced with library. When trying to sync again the following day after downloading fresh podcast episodes, Rhythmbox would crash again, send an error report and I was back at square one. After looking at many forum entries and deleting config files that were hidden, trying banshee, trying gtkpod, I could not fix the problem. However if I restored the iPod in iTunes and synced with Rhythmbox back on my Ubuntu netbook, it would sync fine, but only once. Here's my lame attempt at a fix. I eventually used gtkpod to remove the songs and podcasts (right-click on the iPod in gtkpod and remove all songs, click "i'm sure"), then once the iPod is empty, close gtkpod, open Rhythmbox and sync with library or drop podcasts or music directly on to the iPod. It has worked so far for me. I hope this helps.
Ah, I think I see the problem:
Edit: the above might not appear to make much sense, but it has been merged out of context from this question: sync - iPhone 4s + Rhythmbox = Fail (12.10, ios 6.1.3) - Ask Ubuntu. In short, at time of writing, Ubuntu's version of libimobiledevice does not support the latest iOS.


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Let $p(x,y,z)$ be a homogeneous irreducible polynomial of degree $d$, with real coefficients. From Dickson in 1920 we know that there exists $A$, $B$ and $C$ such that
$ det(Ax + By + Cz) = c p(x,y,z)$,
where $c$ is some constant.
Vinnokov in 1988 was able to describe all the non-equivalent determinantal representations as points on the Jacobian variety that are not on the exceptional sub variety. The theoretical work in this paper is relatively constructive, but is still a long way from a numerically stable constructive algorithm for $A$, $B$ and $C$.
Given any polynomial $p(x,y,z)$, can one triple $(A, B,C)$ be constructed in a numerically stable way?
Thanks in advance.


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Bestbuy.com - 10% off all iTunes Cards
Bestbuy.com is offering all iTunes cards for 10% off their face value with free shipping. Click the yellow link below to go to the main Best Buy web page, and search for "iTunes Card" to get the deal.
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5 Comments add a comment
Unless you have to get some right now you should wait. You can find them on sale at places for 20% off usually once a month.
I was thinking this might be the case, so im gonna wait til the week of Christmas to get my gift cards, just in case...
Whether you wait or not, you're still paying less than the value of the card so I would think twice before waiting.
These cards are not discounted in stores, but they will honor the online pricing at the register if you ask them to.
Yes, you are still saving. But you are only saving half what they can usually be purchased for. Just last month they were 20% off at best buy, for a 2 month period a few months ago they were 20% at thortons, they are 20% at walmart every 3 months or so, target had them 15% not too long ago as well.
I have been buying iTunes gift cards for 3 years and have always gotten them at 20% off.
10% off it still nice, I just would not go stocking up more than you need until the next sale.
Edit: Only current 20% I can find is Walgreens, where you purchase a $50 iTunes GC and get a free $10 Walgreens Gift Card. Walgreens does allow you to buy GC with gift cards so technically you could use that walgreens card to buy more iTunes. Obviously this is more hassle.
This deal appears to be expired?


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Most of the group theory that is taught in introductory graduate classes is of the form $$(\mbox{number theory} + \mbox{ group actions} + \mbox{ orbit-stabilizer thm}) + \mbox{group axioms} \Rightarrow \mbox{theorems}$$ So what is the equivalent of "(number theory + group actions + orbit-stabilizer thm)" in the more advanced parts of group theory?
To clarify based on some comments: The techniques I learned in a graduate group theory class were just the orbit-stabilizer thm + some number theory + Lagrange's thm. Adding in some more constructions like semi-direct products allows one to make some inroads into some less elementary parts of group theory, i.e. we get some classification theorems for groups of small order with the help of Sylow theorems which is really just clever number theory + orbit-stabilizer theorem. So I would like to expand my toolbox a little bit by seeing what other tools are used in more advanced group theory but are still applicable to the elementary parts of group theory like classifying groups of small order.
Tidbits collected from comments: Kevin McGerty makes some excellent points about the extension of the theory from actions on sets which allow number theoretic arguments to actions on vector spaces which increase the sophistication and depth of the theory. The move from mere sets to vector spaces allows the use of linear algebra as another tool which in turn allows some tools from homological algebra to enter into the game.


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Serving Those Who Served Us
By Roger Burt, PhD.
By Roger Burt, PhD.
We all thought the Patriot Act was/is terrible, taking away our precious rights as Americans! The NDAA (National defense Appropriations act) surpasses the PA, hands down! While we and the media have been sleeping, Congress and the White House have been moving to give more power to the President and the military, making the US Constitution a laughable piece of archaic mumbo-jumbo, that means little in today's "world order!"
If you aren't familiar with the NDAA, check out these links (and weep):
The Maddow piece is very good (MSNBC.com), as is the piece that Jon Stewart did on his show.
The President will apparently sign the bill, since it was he (the WH staff) that requested some of the powers included in the final draft.
It seems to me that we are being brought into the "new world order" whether we approve or not and screw the Constitution!! AND…it has all been done under the cover of darkness…it's only recently that the national media has done any real reporting on it!!
Scary stuff! What's the old saying from pastor Martin Niemoller?
"First they came for the communists,
and I didn't speak out because I wasn't a communist.
Then they came for the trade unionists,
and I didn't speak out because I wasn't a trade unionist.
Then they came for the Jews,
and I didn't speak out because I wasn't a Jew.
Then they came for me,
and there was no one left to speak out for me."


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It isn't as bad as it sounds, my finances always jump back up at the end of the season when the prize money comes in. I've been around £30m in debt before
Because the Javier money was spread out, I've made a loss on transfers this season, although it should be better in the long run. I still could do with him scoring another 27 though


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I have many files in a specific repository and i must find a file which has a specific string in its content (actually referencing the file
Version.cc.in). What is the best solution to find it?
You could use grep:
For recusive search you could use
but, availability of
You can use a tool called ack. It is descibed as:
Basically it is similar to grep in that it searches files for patterns, but with a few key differences. Namely, it searches recursively and ignores version control and backup files by default (e.g. CVS, .svn, foo~, #foo#). And since it is built with Perl it is cross-platform. It also allows you to specify particular file types within a directory to search, so if you only want to search Perl files you could type
If interested there is a list of the "top 10 reasons to use ack instead of grep" on the ack homepage. Plus, there is a Vim plugin.
There is another tool similar to Ack, called The Silver Searcher. The developer claims that it "is like ack, but better. It's fast. It's damn fast. The only thing faster is stuff that builds indicies beforehand, like Exuberant Ctags."
If you just want to find and list the file, not the actual contents, then use the
Which will give you a list of all files and the absolute path to them (assuming the files are in directories/subdirectories of your current working directory).


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From what I understand, carnitas ("little meats") are chunks of pork cooked in lard for a few hours. Now, you don't need to be a vegan to think that sounds a bit gross, not to mention unhealthy. So, this is my take on the carnita--vegan and low fat. I paired this dish with Mexican rice--delicious!
- 4-5 cups of beefy seitan, cut into chunks
- 2 bay leaves, crumbled
- 2 tsp thyme
- 1 tsp marjoram
- 1/2 tsp salt
- 2 tbsp oil
- 3 garlic cloves
- 1 orange, cut into 8 slices
- 1 onion, cut into quarters
- 1/2 cup orange juice
- chopped cilantro, for garnish
1. Heat oil in a large non-stick pan on medium high heat. Mix bay leaves, thyme, marjoram, and salt into the chunks of seitan. Fry seitan for 5 mins, stirring frequently.
2. Add garlic, orange slices, onion, and orange juice to the pan. Bring to bubbling, lower heat, cover, and cook for about 1 hr. Orange juice will be absorbed into the seitan, so check periodically and add more orange juice if needed.
3. Remove garlic, onion, and orange slices from the pan and discard. Garnish seitan with cilantro and serve with warm tortillas, chopped tomato, and salsa.
Mexican Rice
- 1 1/2 cups long grain rice
- boiling water
- 2 tbsp oil
- 1 onion, chopped
- 2 garlic cloves, minced
- 4 small tomatoes, diced
- 3 1/2 cup vegetable stock
- 1 cup frozen peas
- salt and pepper to taste
1. Put rice in a small bowl and cover with boiling water. Leave for 10 mins, then drain.
2. Heat oil in a pan on medium heat, then add rice and fry for about 5 mins. Add onions, garlic and tomatoes and cook for another minute.
3. Add in stock, stir well, and bring to a boil. Lower heat, cover, and let simmer for 20 mins, or until liquid is absorbed.
4. Stir in peas, and let sit for 5 mins. Season with salt and pepper. Serve.
Finally, today is Vegan Mom's birthday, so I made the Fauxstess Cupcakes from Vegan With a Vengeance. These tasty creme filled treats are one of the first desserts I made after becoming a vegan, and they let me know everything was going to be OK.
Wednesday, November 21, 2007
Vegan Carnitas
From what I understand, carnitas ("little meats") are chunks of pork cooked in lard for a few hours. Now, you don't need to be a vegan to think that sounds a bit gross, not to mention unhealthy. So, this is my take on the carnita--vegan and low fat. I paired this dish with Mexican rice--delicious!
4 comments:
- VegMomma said...
Mmm. I love your blog, and I love those cupcakes. My day has been made. :)
- November 21, 2007 at 11:26 PM
- Vegetation said...
Ooo these sound yummy! And cupcakes ALWAYS tell us everythings' going to be alright :D They look delicious. I haven't made the fauxstess cupcakes yet. I really should get onto that!
- November 22, 2007 at 1:50 AM
- bazu said...
Those carnitas look amazing! I love all the Mexican things you've been cooking lately, I should surprise my partner with some!
- November 24, 2007 at 2:38 PM
- bazu said...
Oh, forgot to add, how cute are those fauxstess cupcakes? Wow.
- November 24, 2007 at 2:39 PM


text:
Hotel Impossible
Monday 10 pm | 9c
Bizarre Foods
Tues 9pm | 8c
Expedition Unknown
Wed 9pm | 8c
Hotel Tipping Etiquette 01:48
Tour South Africa 02:33
Epic Summer: Enter Daily for a Chance to Win $10K
Explore Thailand in style with these travel tips.
Mysteries at the Museum
Fallen Robins, Romeo Spies, All In For Poker
7am | 6c
Sheppton Mine Disaster, Shark Attack, Erie Collar Bomb
8am | 7c
Bobbed Hair Bandit, A Deadly Substitution, Escape from the Jungle
9am | 8c
Xtreme Waterparks
Getting Wet in Fiji
10am | 9c
America's First Rattler
10:30amam | 9:30amc
Top Secret Swimming Holes
Off-Roading to Guam's Tarzan Falls
11am | 10c
Extreme RVs
Extreme RVs 6
12pm | 11c
Newmar King Aire, Continental Coach, EarthRoamer
1pm | 12c
Island Explorers
All Over Oahu
2pm | 1c
Capturing Kauai
2:30pm | 1:30c
Mastering Maui
3pm | 2c
Big Island Best
3:30pm | 2:30c
Food Paradise
Food Paradise: Seafood Paradise
4pm | 3c
Pasta Paradise
5pm | 4c
Steak Paradise: A Second Helping
6pm | 5c
7pm | 6c
Wisconsin State Fair and The State Fair of Texas
8pm | 7c
World's Largest Indoor Park
9pm | 8c
Tallest in America
9:30pm | 8:30c
Fiji's Saw-I-Lau Caves
10pm | 9c
Getting Wet in the Jungle
11pm | 10c
Xtreme Waterparks: Getting Wet in Jersey
11:30pm | 10:30c
12am | 11c
12:30amam | 11:30c
1am | 12c
2am | 1c
2:30amam | 1:30amc
3am | 2c
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Each week, a multidisciplinary team of physicians, nurses, and ancillary care providers meets to review cases. This Weekly Case Review affords an excellent opportunity for specialists to meet face to face, coordinate care, and closely track progress. By sharing their knowledge and varying perspectives, team members optimize patient care and treatment. This forum also enables surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, pathologists, and imaging specialists to develop new care options and address treatment alternatives with geneticists, women's health physicians, physical therapists and alternative care specialists. The meetings include nursing and support staff so that all team members can be your personal resource: prepared to answer questions about your treatment, logistics and procedures.
Our team includes all levels of expertise. Please click on each link to learn more:


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I am wondering if it is necessary to have a framework or if it is a must-have if I plan to make a large website. Large website could mean a lot of things: in other words, multiple dynamic web pages (40-50 dynamic pages, mysql content) and a lot of visitors (+- a million hits per month). The site will be hosted in a dedicated server environment.
I know that it could simplify coding for a developer team, that it includes libraries and a lot of advantages. But I just feel that I don't need that. I think that learning how it works, managing it and installing it would take more time and I could use that time to code.
I write PHP the simplest way I could (with performance in mind) and I try to reuse my code/functions/classes most of the time and I make sure that if another developer joins the team, that he won't be lost in the code.
I am also planning to use MemCached or another Cache for PHP.
As I said, the site will be hosted in a dedicated server environment but will be entirely managed by the hosting company. I am pretty sure the control panel for me to control the basic stuff will be Cpanel.
For a developer like me that only knows PHP, Javascript, HTML, CSS, MYSQL and really basic server management, I feel that it seems to complicated to have a framework. Am I wrong? Is it worth the time to learn all about it?
Thank you for your opinions and suggestions.


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The future of Avantair, the operator of Piaggio Avanti fractional ownership, Axis Lease and Edge Card flight access programs, was hanging in the balance at the end of Friday as the Clearwater, Florida-b
Bizav Basics » Charter/Cards/Frax
July 30, 2013
June 26, 2013
Here's how to chart a flight path that works for you.
March 26, 2012
中文内容请参看下面的PDF文件 As with real estate, the options available to business jet travelers fall into two main categories: rent and own. Civil aviation regulations around the world dictate this.
March 1, 2012
Boston-based Magellan Jets is offering two free hours of flight time with the purchase of a 25-hour jet card for the Hawker 800XP. The company, which does not own or operate aircraft, offers flights with 10 hours' notice and does not bill for repositioning or assess fuel surcharges. Card membership includes standard catering and VIP ground transportation.
January 5, 2012
Flexjet has announced that its fractional-jet-share sales rose 92 percent in the 12-month period ended last September 30. During the same time, according to the Texas-based company, industry-wide share sales increased 16 percent and Flexjet's market share jumped from 14 to 21 percent.
December 8, 2011
Magellan Jets has launched what it calls the Business Travel Jet Card. Aimed at fliers in the Northeast, it covers 10 hours aboard an Eclipse 500 and costs $34,950 with no blackout dates, daily minimums or fuel surcharge. The offer currently has no expiration date.
November 9, 2011
NetJets has ended its franchise agreement for fractional-jet-share services with National Air Services (NAS) of Saudi Arabia, which has been known as NetJets Middle East.
November 9, 2011
Looking for a generous and unusual gift to give this holiday season? CitationAir has introduced an abbreviated version of its jet card that is good for five hours of flying on any of its business jets, including the Cessna CJ3, XLS, Sovereign and Citation X. The cost, including taxes and fees, starts at $31,145 (for time on a CJ3). The offer expires Dec.
October 1, 2011
You can get it at the coffee shop, on your smartphone, even in coach on an airliner. So why is it so difficult to get Wi-Fi on the jet you charter? One reason is that most chartered aircraft still lack broadband access.
June 1, 2011
Charter brokers are sometimes treated like the Rodney Dangerfields of the business aviation world. They don't get the respect typically accorded to the operators they work with–the companies that control or own the aircraft you use when you charter a flight.
""When I made the film The Invention of Lying, they gave me a private jet for getting back and forth between New York and London. I thought, 'I will never use it' but I ended up using it every weekend. You turn up, right, and the airport is completely empty. I mean, there's just someone at the desk and then the pilot, who says, 'Are you ready to go?' and you say, 'Don't you want to see my passport?' and he goes, 'Oh yeah, I suppose I'd better.'" "
-—actor and comedian Ricky Gervais
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6 Beloved Characters That Had Undiagnosed Mental Illnesses
#3. Holden Caulfield from The Catcher in the Rye -- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
America's favorite literary rebel, The Catcher in the Rye's Holden Caulfield, has a special place in the hearts of readers. After all, everyone was 17 once, and likely tried really hard to articulate all the things they felt about ... stuff. Holden is intensely contemptuous of the insincerity of the world and people around him (the "phonies"), yet still strives to find his place in a society he ultimately despises. Or to put it simply, he has to grow the fuck up.
Oh boo hoo, you're terrible at baseball. To be honest, we skimmed this bit back in high school.
What no one in the book acknowledges, though, is that Holden isn't acting like your standard-issue Hughesian teen, but actually exhibits classic symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.
No, really. While PTSD is generally associated with people who've experienced horrific events like war, any traumatic incident can cause it. Holden has had to deal with both a brother dying of leukemia and seeing a classmate commit suicide while wearing his borrowed sweater.
"It was from Abercrombie and Fitch ... bastard."
The Red Flags
One of the telltale signs of PTSD is reliving the traumatic event over and over. Holden consistently, almost compulsively, refers to seeing the face of his dead classmate, James Castle, yet he never seems to have any emotional reaction to the event. Instead he concentrates on the visual of seeing the blood and teeth everywhere, or the look on James' face. PTSD causes that kind of persistent emotional numbing, which would explain his distance from the experience.
If Catcher had been written today, Holden would be nursing a Pabst in this picture.
It can also trigger thoughts of suicide, which Holden fully acknowledges throughout the novel ("What I really felt like, though, was committing suicide. I felt like jumping out the window.")
While some of these symptoms could just as easily stem from depression, it's important to also point out that J.D. Salinger himself likely suffered from PTSD. Following World War II, Salinger was diagnosed with "battle fatigue," which sounds much milder than PTSD (and in fact sounds like it could be cleared up with a quick nap). In reality, it was a primitive way to diagnose the thousands of mental breakdowns following conflict that we now call PTSD.
"You're just tired, J.D. War does that to people."
In fact, The Catcher in the Rye wasn't Salinger's only attempt to write about the disorder. The short story "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" also deals with the suicidal thoughts of a man trying to live a normal life after traumatic events, and the story "For Esme" parallels his own traumatic experiences in the military (it was published only five years after Salinger was hospitalized in Germany for his nervous breakdown). A lot of fiction gets more depressing when you realize that writers are usually writing about themselves, whether they admit it or not.
#2. Glinda the Good Witch -- Sadistic Personality Disorder
Our only evidence that Glinda the Good Witch is "good" is that she bears that title, and even then we don't know who bestowed it. As we have pointed out before, her actions in The Wizard of Oz involve dropping a house on her rival, blaming it on a teenage child and then encouraging that teenager to assassinate the dead woman's last living relative.
"Congratulations, Dorothy. You've earned your first teardrop tattoo."
Throughout The Wizard of Oz, Glinda never gives any reason for murdering the witches other than that they're ugly and different and therefore -- according to good ole-fashioned Dust Bowl logic -- completely evil. So maybe Glinda won the title of "good" by default, simply because anyone left who would question her goodness ends up fertilizing those bitchy apple trees who throw things at tourists.
These tortured creatures were Munchkins once.
No, Glinda is by no means good. In fact, she's likely suffering from sadistic personality disorder.
The Red Flags
Sadistic personality disorder doesn't just mean somebody is an evil dick. There are particular aspects that identify it as a disorder. For instance, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders suggests that sufferers are amused by the emotional turmoil of others. Now keep that in mind when you watch the vague, detached, smirking expression on Glinda's face throughout the string of tragedies that open the film.
Note the radically different facial expressions. One of them is appropriate.
As soon as the "Wicked" Witch of the West begins mourning her dead sister, Glinda immediately starts taunting her. Glinda then takes the dead woman's slippers -- the only keepsake by which the Wicked Witch might remember her sister -- and forces Dorothy to wear them. The Wicked Witch even tells Dorothy, "They're of no use to you," but Glinda convinces the girl never to take them off.
"Not when we've put so much effort into prying them off her cold dead feet!"
The Good Witch is so dead set on demeaning the Wicked Witch in front of a crowd that, in a weird magic pissing contest, Glinda calls the Wicked Witch's power into question and throws out the threat that someone might drop a house on her, too. That need to demean people in the presence of others is a primary symptom of sadistic personality disorder, and Glinda's unwavering enjoyment throughout the ordeal is a testament to her sickness.
Also she is blatantly using Dorothy as a human shield.
In addition, the disorder fuels a desire to restrict the autonomy of others, and to lie for the sole purpose of confusion. And sure enough, we find out that Glinda knows from the start how to send Dorothy home, but instead she makes up a ridiculous quest to the wizard with no tangible gain. The fact that Glinda is the one who helps Dorothy get home in the end is almost sickening, given the mortal danger she put the girl through (not to mention the two deaths that are now on Dorothy's hands as a result). Yet Glinda can't stop smiling that vacant Stepford Wives smile. Not ever.
"I wouldn't have believed that the slippers were the key home! Lady, I just dropped a house on someone."
#1. Scarlett O'Hara -- Antisocial and Histrionic Personality Disorder
Gone With the Wind's Scarlett O'Hara is one of the most iconic heroines in American film. Living in an era when women weren't considered their most attractive unless their mouths were shut, Scarlett was portrayed as a hard-workin', hard-drinkin', hard-screwin' Southern belle who wouldn't take shit from anyone. In fact, it's probably easier to just think of her as Doc Holiday in a dress.
"You, Miss, are no lady."
Women the world over have cited her as a role model and one of the most prominent feminist icons of all time. However, she has some downright unsavory characteristics as well. Most notable among them are a quick temper, a willingness to show a little skin to get what she wants and a cutthroat determination, regardless of who gets hurt.
The North would probably have run for their lives if she showed up like this.
And while those traits would win her a lot of competitive reality shows, they are also the definite symptoms of antisocial and histrionic personality disorders.
The Red Flags
One of the chief signs of antisocial personality disorder is the inability to understand the motivations and feelings of other people. That lack of empathy manifests itself right from the start, when Scarlett tries to seduce the engaged Ashley Wilkes, fails, and then seduces his brother instead out of spite.
What man could resist this?
From there, things just get worse. She burns her way through three marriages over the course of a few years, sticking with each man only until he wears out his usefulness. The worst example is Frank Kennedy, her sister's fiance, whom she tricks into marriage only because she needs him to pay the taxes on her plantation. This seductive behavior, the incapacity to maintain enduring relationships and her persistent manipulation are all signs of a disorder that even Civil War-era doctors could have picked up on. You know, if they weren't busy digging bullets out of Confederates and calming night terrors.
One of most telling signs of histrionic personality disorder, on the other hand, is Scarlett's need to constantly be the center of attention and her wild overreaction to every problem she faces.
In the beginning of the film, while the men's conversation changes from her to the war, she says, "War, war, war. This war talk's spoiling all the fun at every party this spring. I get so bored, I could scream." Psychologists would recognize that desire to be at the center of attention at all times -- the disorder means a person's self-esteem "depends on the approval of others and does not arise from a true feeling of self-worth." Now watch Scarlett collapse into a puddle of melodrama when she is rejected by a man:
It's worth watching just to see him give her a handful of soil in the middle of her crying fit.
She literally needs constant praise, or as Rhett Butler puts it, she "needs to be kissed often." Which makes it all the more sad when characters gradually turn their backs on her and her crazy hurricane of bullshit.
Though we're sympathetic with everyone who leaves her, because if we knew someone like Scarlett in reality, it would be hard after a while to pretend to give a damn.
"He'll be back. I'm sure of it. He left his umbrella."
You can find more from Amanda at gizmachronicles.blogspot.com. You can read more from Chris at raddystuition.com or Twitter.
For for more in depth looks at your favorite characters, check out 9 Beloved Characters Made Horrifying by Japan and 6 Famous Characters You Didn't Know Were Shameless Rip-Offs.
And stop by LinkSTORM to earn you degree in Fictional Character Psychology.
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I saw this as a mild insult on the Internet, one person tells another: "get a life" or "you have no life".
What does it mean literally and what is its meaning as an insult?
"Life" in this context refers to one's "social life". The implication is that the target has no friends, or nothing of note to do with their time.
"Get a life" and "You have no life" are slightly different in American English usage.
If you say to me, "What are you doing wasting time here? Get a life!" you're probably saying that I should leave and that what I'm doing is bad; I should find something better to do.
You may be trying to insult me by implying that I had nothing useful to do with my time, so I was behaving childishly or bothering you. However, this meaning is usually less about my social life or friends - in fact, you could see someone with their friends, and still say, "Get out of here, guys! Get a life!" Take a look at American usage of "get a life", including examples like:
If you say to me, "Wow, you're here? You must have no life," then you're probably judging my social life as well - you're saying that what I'm doing is pretty boring or bad, something I would only do if I didn't have more worthwhile options. Imagine that you saw me playing videogames all day, and said to someone else, "That person has no life."
Or you could say, "You work so hard - you must have no life," and in that context, you're really only saying that I don't have a social life; you're not necessarily saying that my working hard is a good or bad thing.
Again, American usage for "have no life", many about social life like this example:
You also asked about a literal meaning, but since this is an idiom, there isn't really one that makes any sense (I suppose in playing a videogame, you could say to your buddy, "Over there! Get a life!" to actually mean collecting an extra life).
It may be better to divide the usage of get a life to:
These are things that you should think of when you decide to get a life.
"Get a life" is a somewhat mild euphemism said to someone who is being a pest.
Similar terms might include go away, knock it off, sod off (British English only), or get lost. The literal meaning can be taken analogously as something like "go do something else".
In your native Russian, it is probably somewhere in between уходи and отвяжись.
It means for an insult "Your life is stupid and boring together and you should somehow start living a better existence, do smarter things, and shut up about your current lifestyle and do something else!"


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A guide for residents of Canada returning to Canada
This page has been archived.
Information identified as archived is provided for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It is not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been altered or updated since it was archived. Please contact us to request a format other than those available.
This publication provides an overview of the laws, restrictions, entitlements and obligations of Canadian residents returning from travel outside Canada. The information provided was accurate when it was published; however, legislative provisions and requirements can change at any time. The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) makes every effort to provide timely updates to this publication and its Web site.
If you have information about suspicious cross-border activity, please call the CBSA Border Watch toll-free line at 1-888-502-9060.
The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) operates at some 1,200 service points across Canada and 39 locations abroad. It employs approximately 13,000 public servants who handle over 12 million commercial releases and more than 95 million travellers each year.
The CBSA's role is to manage the nation's border by administering and enforcing over 90 domestic laws that govern trade and travel, as well as international agreements and conventions.
The CBSA delivers innovative border management through a network of dedicated professionals who work strategically with domestic and international partners to ensure that Canada remains secure and responsive to new and emerging threats. The CBSA also intercepts, detains and removes those persons who pose a threat to Canada or who have been determined to be inadmissible.
Border services officers are at Canada's entry points to help you when you return to Canada. The CBSA is committed to providing efficient, courteous service. At designated bilingual offices, officers will provide service in the official language of your choice.
If you require more detailed information that is not provided in this publication, please call the Border Information Service (BIS) at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information."
This publication will be helpful if:
This publication provides detailed information that all residents of Canada should know before returning home.
For a printed summary of the content of I Declare, consult the publication titled Travelling Outside Canada available at any Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) office or call the Border Information Service (BIS) at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information".
To facilitate your return to Canada, there are several things you can do before you leave.
Make sure you carry proper identification for yourself and any children travelling with you, regardless of their age, to assist in confirming your legal right or authorization to enter Canada upon your return. Proper identification includes a Canadian passport, a Canadian birth certificate, a citizenship card or a Certificate of Indian Status. If you are travelling alone with minor children or if you are not the legal guardian, you should carry proper documentation such as custody and legal separation documents and a letter of authorization to facilitate your entry back into Canada.
The Government of Canada recommends that Canadian citizens travel with a valid Canadian passport because it is the only reliable and universally accepted travel and identification document available to Canadians for the purpose of international travel.
International transportation companies such as airlines may require travellers to present a passport and/or a Canadian Permanent Resident Card. Therefore, Canadian residents who present other documents may face delays or may not be allowed to board the plane or other conveyance.
When travelling with a group of vehicles, parents or legal guardians should arrive at the border in the same vehicle as their children to avoid any confusion.
Border services officers watch for missing children as part of the Our Missing Children program and may ask detailed questions about the children who are travelling with you.
Some of the places you plan to visit or pass through may be plagued by cholera, yellow fever or malaria. Before you leave Canada, it is recommended that you contact a qualified health professional at a travel health clinic near you to find out what vaccinations and medications you might need. A list of travel clinics across Canada is available on the Public Health Agency of Canada's Web site at www.phac-aspc.gc.ca.
If you are suffering from a communicable disease upon your return to Canada, or if you have been in close contact with someone with a communicable disease, you are obligated to inform a border services officer or a quarantine officer, who can determine if you require further assessment. If you have been ill while travelling or become ill after your return to Canada, inform a Canadian doctor that you have been abroad, where you were and what, if any, treatment or medical care you have received (e.g. medications, blood transfusions, injections, dental care or surgery).
Before travelling outside Canada with valuable items, you may wish to take advantage of a free identification service that is available at all CBSA offices. This service is available for items that have serial numbers or other unique markings. For items that do not have such markings, the CBSA can apply a sticker to them so that they can be identified for customs purposes as goods that are legally in Canada.
When you show your valuables to a border services officer and state that you acquired them in Canada or lawfully imported them, the officer will list your valuables and their serial numbers on a wallet-sized card called a Form BSF407, Identification of Articles for Temporary Exportation. If you are questioned about your goods when you return to Canada, show your card to the officer. This will help identify the valuables that were in your possession before leaving the country.
Because jewellery often has significant value and can be difficult to identify, border services officers cannot list it on a Form BSF407. It is recommended that you travel with as little jewellery as possible.
Taking the following steps before you leave Canada will make it easier for you to re-enter the country with jewellery:
Under customs legislation, if you take any item outside Canada and change it in any way to enhance its condition or value, the CBSA does not consider it to be the same item when you bring it back into the country. You have to declare the full value of the new item.
You take an old diamond ring with you on a trip outside Canada. While outside Canada, you decide to have the diamond taken out of the old ring and placed in a new setting. When you return to Canada, the ring will be considered new and must be declared accordingly.
Even if part of the ring originated in Canada, the CBSA is required to treat the ring like any other piece of jewellery you may have purchased while outside the country. This rule applies unless you have previous authorization from the CBSA to have those repairs or alterations made outside Canada.
If you intend to have repairs or alterations made to your vehicle/vessel/aircraft outside Canada, check with the CBSA for information before you leave. Under customs legislation, the CBSA can no longer consider your vehicle, vessel or aircraft to be Canadian-made if you increase its value, improve its condition or have it modified outside Canada. As a result, you may have to pay duty and the goods and services tax (GST) or harmonized sales tax (HST) on the entire value of the vehicle/vessel/aircraft when you bring it back.
No duty will apply to the value of the repairs or alterations made to your vehicle/vessel/aircraft in the United States, Mexico, Chile, Costa Rica, Israel or another Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement beneficiary when it is re-imported into Canada; however, the GST/HST will apply.
Emergency repairs can be made to your vehicle/vessel/aircraft while you are travelling outside the country to ensure your safe return to Canada. However, to be eligible for this special provision, be sure to declare the value of all repairs and replacement parts when you return to Canada with the vehicle.
Transport Canada also has requirements for vehicles that are extensively modified. For more information, contact Transport Canada's Registrar of Imported Vehicles at 1-888-848-8240.
When you return to Canada, you may qualify for a personal exemption. This allows you to bring goods of a certain value into the country without paying regular duty and taxes, except for a minimum duty that may apply to some tobacco products.
The CBSA has agreements with some provinces and territories that allow the CBSA to collect provincial and territorial taxes, levies and fees on goods that have a value higher than your personal exemption.
If you reside in one of the provinces or territories that has an agreement with the CBSA and you return to Canada at a port of entry in your province or territory of residence, the goods that you import in excess of your personal exemption will be subject to a provincial/territorial assessment. If you bring in more than the allowance for alcohol, you will have to pay the provincial/territorial assessment in the province or territory where you enter Canada, even if it is not your province/territory of residence.
The Government of Canada has agreements with New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador to collect the HST. If you live in a participating province and the value of the non-commercial goods you import is more than your personal exemption, you have to pay the HST instead of the GST, regardless of where you enter Canada. Effective July 1, 2010, the CBSA will likewise collect the HST for Ontario and British Columbia.
Except for restricted items, you can bring back any amount of goods as long as you are willing to pay the duty and taxes, as well as any provincial/territorial assessments that apply. This rule applies even if you do not qualify for a personal exemption.
You must always report the amount you are claiming for your personal exemption in Canadian dollars. You must therefore convert foreign currency values and any foreign sales taxes you paid to Canadian dollars at the appropriate rate of exchange.
You can claim up to CAN$200 worth of goods without paying any duties. This is your personal exemption. You must have the goods with you when you arrive in Canada and you cannot include tobacco products or alcoholic beverages in this exemption. If the goods you bring in are worth more than CAN$200 in total, you cannot claim this exemption. Instead, you have to pay full duties on all goods you bring in.
You can claim up to CAN$800 worth of goods without paying any duties. You must have the goods with you when you arrive in Canada. Although you can include some tobacco products and alcoholic beverages, a partial exemption may apply to cigarettes, tobacco products and manufactured tobacco. See the sections called "Alcoholic beverages" and "Tobacco products" for more details.
You can claim up to CAN$800 worth of goods without paying any duties. Although you can include some tobacco products and alcoholic beverages, a partial exemption may apply to cigarettes, tobacco products and manufactured tobacco. See the sections called "Alcoholic beverages" and "Tobacco products" for more details. With the exception of tobacco products and alcoholic beverages, you do not need to have the goods with you when you arrive.
To calculate the number of days you have been absent, do not include the date you left Canada but include the date you returned. Dates matter but not times. For example, we consider you to have been absent seven days if you left Friday the 7th and returned Friday the 14th.
You are eligible for a personal exemption if you are one of the following:
Even young children and infants are entitled to a personal exemption. As a parent or guardian, you can make a declaration to the CBSA for a child as long as the goods you are declaring are for the child's use.
If you spend part of the year in another country for health reasons or pleasure, that country usually considers you to be a visitor. As such, the CBSA still considers you a resident of Canada. This means that you are entitled to the same exemptions as other Canadians. When you import foreign goods or vehicles for your personal use into Canada (even temporarily), you have to meet all import requirements and pay all applicable duty and taxes.
You cannot combine your personal exemptions with another person's or transfer them to someone else.
In addition, you cannot combine your 48-hour exemption (CAN$800) with your seven-day exemption (CAN$800) for a total exemption of CAN$1,600.
In general, the goods you include in your personal exemption must be for your personal or household use. Such goods include souvenirs that you purchased, gifts that you received from friends or relatives living outside Canada or prizes that you won.
Goods you bring in for commercial use or for another person do not qualify for the exemption and are subject to applicable duty and taxes. In all cases, goods you include in your 24-hour exemption (CAN$200) or 48-hour exemption (CAN$800) have to be with you upon your arrival in Canada.
Except for tobacco and alcohol, goods you claim in your seven-day exemption (CAN$800) may be shipped to your home by mail, courier or other means of transportation.
What are your personal exemptions?
You are allowed to import only one of the following amounts of alcohol free of duty and taxes:
Alcoholic beverages are products that exceed 0.5% alcohol by volume. Minimum ages for the importation of alcoholic beverages, as prescribed by provincial or territorial authorities, are 18 years for the provinces of Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec and 19 years for the remaining provinces and territories.
The CBSA classifies "cooler" products according to the alcoholic beverage they contain. For example, beer coolers are considered to be beer and wine coolers are considered to be wine. Alcohol and wine products not exceeding 0.5% alcohol by volume are not considered to be alcoholic beverages.
The quantities of alcohol you can bring in must be within the limit set by the province or territory where you will enter Canada. If the value of the goods is more than your personal exemption, you will have to pay both duty and taxes, as well as provincial/territorial assessments. In Nunavut and the Northwest Territories, you cannot bring in more than the quantities of alcohol allowed. For more information, contact the appropriate provincial or territorial liquor control authority before you arrive back in Canada.
What are your personal exemptions?
If you are 18 years of age or over, you are allowed to bring in all of the following amounts of tobacco into Canada free of duty and taxes within your personal exemption:
If you include cigarettes, tobacco sticks or manufactured tobacco in your personal exemption, a partial exemption may only apply. You will have to pay a special duty on these products unless they are marked "CANADA DUTY PAID • DROIT ACQUITTÉ." You will find Canadian-made products sold at duty-free shops marked this way. You can speed up your clearance by having your tobacco products available for inspection when you arrive.
If you bring in more than your personal exemption, you will have to pay regular assessments on the excess amount. These regular assessments can include duty and taxes, as well as provincial or territorial fees. Border services officers will give an allowance for products that are marked "CANADA DUTY PAID • DROIT ACQUITTÉ" when they calculate the amounts owing.
In addition, Excise Act, 2001 limits the amount of tobacco products that may be imported (or possessed) by an individual for personal use if the tobacco product is not packaged and stamped "CANADA DUTY PAID • DROIT ACQUITTÉ." The limit is currently five units of tobacco products. One unit of tobacco products consists of one of the following:
While you are outside Canada, you can send gifts free of duty and taxes to friends in Canada under certain conditions. To qualify, each gift must not be worth more than CAN$60 and cannot be a tobacco product, an alcoholic beverage or advertising matter. If the gift is worth more than CAN$60, the recipient will have to pay regular duty and taxes on the excess amount. It is always a good idea to include a gift card to avoid any misunderstanding.
While gifts you send from outside Canada do not count as part of your personal exemption, gifts you bring back in your personal baggage do.
In most cases, you have to pay regular duty and taxes on prizes and awards you receive outside Canada. Prizes can be declared as part of your personal exemption and duty must be paid on any excess amount. For more information, call the BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information."
Making a full declaration and paying any duty and taxes you owe is a simple, straightforward process. You can pay by cash, traveller's cheque, Visa, American Express or MasterCard. The CBSA also accepts debit cards at most offices. If an amount is no more than CAN$2,500, you can sometimes pay by personal cheque. A border services officer will give you a receipt showing the calculations and amount you paid.
After each trip outside Canada of 48 hours or longer, you are entitled to a special duty rate of 7% under the Most-Favoured Nation tariff treatment in addition to your personal exemption. The rate applies only to goods that accompany you, that do not qualify for duty-free entry under the North
American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and that are worth up to CAN$300 more than your personal exemption of CAN$800 (48-hour) or CAN$800 (7-day). The rate does not apply to tobacco products or alcoholic beverages. You still have to pay any GST/HST that applies. In some provinces, the CBSA also collects the provincial sales tax (PST).
If you do not qualify for a personal exemption, or if you exceed your exemption limit, you will have to pay the GST/HST, as well as any duty or other tax or assessment that applies on the excess amount. Duty rates vary according to the goods you are importing, the country where the goods were made and the country from which you are importing them. You may also have to pay the PST if you live in a province where the CBSA has an agreement to collect the tax and you return to Canada through that province.
Marine pleasure crafts include any kind of vessels such as boats, fishing boats, yachts, dinghies, tenders, motorboats, sailboats and personal watercraft, as long as they are used for non commercial purposes.
All vessels imported by residents of Canada, regardless of where the vessels are licensed or registered, are subject to all applicable duty and taxes when they are first imported into Canada. If a vessel is imported through a land border crossing, it must be declared to the border services officer and the importation process will take place at that location. In the event that the vessel is imported into Canada by water, the owner must go to a designated marina and contact the telephone reporting centre at 1-888-226-7277 immediately upon arrival in Canada and follow the instructions provided by the officer. If processing cannot take place at the marina, the owner must go to the nearest CBSA office. Please ensure to have the bill of sale and proof of ownership ready to present to the officer upon request. It is recommended that the proof of the CBSA declaration or payment of duty and taxes be kept on board the vessel for future reference.
For information on the licensing and registration of vessels, please visit Service Canada's Web site at www.servicecanada.gc.ca or Transport Canada's Web site at www.tc.gc.ca.
Your goods qualify for the U.S. duty-free rate under NAFTA if the following applies:
If you would like more information on goods eligible under NAFTA, refer to Memorandum D11-4-13, Rules of Origin for Casual Goods Regulations, which is available on the CBSA's Web site at www.cbsa.gc.ca under "Publications and forms," or you can call BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information."
The duty on a wide range of products originating in non-NAFTA countries has been cut or will be reduced to zero over the next few years. NAFTA goods also qualify for the WTO agreement rate. If the duty rate payable on the goods you are importing is lower under the WTO agreement than under NAFTA, border services officers automatically assess your goods using the lower rate.
Value for duty is sometimes called customs value. It is the amount the CBSA uses to calculate duty on your goods, and it is generally based on the price you paid for the goods.
In most cases, the CBSA considers any foreign sales tax added to or included in the price to be part of the value. However, some foreign governments will refund sales tax to you if you export the items you bought. In such cases, you do not have to include the amount of the foreign sales tax that was or will be refunded to you.
When you return to Canada, you have to declare all of the goods you acquired while outside Canada, such as purchases, gifts, prizes or awards that you are bringing with you or are having shipped to you. Include goods that are still in your possession that you bought at a Canadian or foreign duty-free shop. As well, make sure you declare any repairs or alterations you made to your vehicle, vessel or aircraft while you were out of the country.
If you aren't sure if an article is admissible or should be declared, always declare it first and then ask the border services officer. Remember that officers are there to help you and will work out your personal exemption and any duty and taxes you owe in the way that benefits you most.
If you are returning to Canada by commercial aircraft, you will receive a Form E311 , CBSA Declaration Card, to complete before you land. These cards are also used at some locations for travellers arriving by train, boat or bus.
If you have any questions about the card or Canadian regulations, please ask the border services officer when you arrive.
If you arrive in Canada in a private vehicle, such as an automobile, an aircraft, a boat or a bus, you can usually make an oral declaration.
If you are declaring goods claimed as part of your CAN$800 (7 day) exemption that preceded or will follow your arrival in Canada, ask the border services officer for a Form E24, Personal Exemption CBSA Declaration. You will need your copy of this form to claim these goods; otherwise, you may have to pay the regular duty and taxes on them.
The CBSA has areas at most major airports where you can pay any duty or taxes you owe while waiting for your baggage to arrive.
The CBSA offers programs that streamline border clearances for pre-approved, low-risk Canadian and U.S. citizens and permanent residents travelling to Canada at major airports, highways and waterways. Refer to the section "CBSA programs for registered trusted travellers" for more detailed information.
The CANPASS and NEXUS programs streamline the border clearance process for pre-approved, low-risk travellers into Canada and the United States. These programs include:
If you wish to participate in either of these programs, you must fill out an application form, undergo a security check and meet certain admissibility criteria. For information and application forms, visit www.cbsa.gc.ca/canpass or www.nexus.gc.ca or call BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information."
You may occasionally find yourself going through a more detailed inspection. In some cases, this simply means that you may have to complete a form. In other cases, the border services officer will need to identify the goods you are bringing into the country or examine your luggage.
Border services officers are legally entitled to examine your luggage as part of their responsibility to protect Canada's safety, economy and environment. You are responsible for opening, unpacking and repacking your luggage. The CBSA appreciates your cooperation.
By making your goods easily accessible for inspection, and having your receipts handy, you will be helping the CBSA to help you. It is a good idea to keep all your receipts for accommodations and purchases, and for any repairs done to, or parts bought for, your vehicle. The border services officer may ask to see them as evidence of the length of your stay and of the value of the goods or repairs.
If you disagree with the amount of duty and taxes that you have to pay, please ask to speak with the superintendent on duty. A consultation can often resolve the issue quickly and without cost. If you are still not satisfied, our officers can tell you how to make a formal appeal.
In addition, border services officers may arrest an individual for an offence under the Criminal Code (e.g. impaired driving, outstanding arrest warrants, stolen property, abductions/kidnappings) and for infractions under other acts of Parliament (e.g. the Customs Act, the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act). If you are arrested, you may be compelled to attend court in Canada. You should note that anyone arrested in Canada is protected by, and will be treated in accordance with, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
If you do not declare goods, or if you falsely declare them, the CBSA can seize the goods. This means that you may lose the goods permanently or that you may have to pay a penalty to get them back. Depending on the type of goods and the circumstances involved, the CBSA may impose a penalty that ranges from 25% to 80% of the value of the seized goods.
In addition, the Customs Act provides border services officers with the authority to seize all vehicles that were used to import goods unlawfully. When this happens, the CBSA imposes a penalty that you must pay before the vehicle is returned to you.
If you do not declare tobacco products and alcoholic beverages at the time of importation, the CBSA will seize them permanently.
A record of infractions is kept in the CBSA computer system. If you have an infraction record, you may have to undergo a more detailed examination on future trips. You may also become ineligible for the NEXUS and CANPASS programs.
If your goods were seized and you disagree with the action taken, you can appeal by writing a letter to the CBSA within 90 days of the date of the seizure. You can find more information about the appeal process on your seizure receipt form.
When goods arrive before or after your arrival in Canada, you have 40 days to claim them by producing your copy of Form E24, Personal Exemption CBSA Declaration. You are required to request this form when you return to Canada (see the section called "Making your declaration" for more information). It is recommended that you retain your copy of Form E24 until you have received and accounted for all your goods.
The carrier who delivers the goods will ask you to pay the duty and taxes that apply, along with a processing fee. You then have two options:
If delivery is refused, the shipment is returned to the sender. The importer must advise Canada Post that a reclassification of the shipment is requested. The CBSA will contact the importer who will have to provide an explanation for the reclassification.
If you refuse delivery because you want to personally clear the goods through the CBSA, contact and advise the courier company. If the importer simply refuses delivery, the shipment will be returned to the country of export.
If you have to exchange any of the goods you brought in under your personal exemption and you want to avoid paying more duty, you have 60 days from the date you imported them to do so. Contact the CBSA for advice on how to do this.
If you are importing or exporting monetary instruments equal to or greater than CAN$10,000 (or the equivalent in a foreign currency), you must report this to the CBSA when you arrive in Canada or before you leave. This applies to either cash or other monetary instruments. For more information, please refer to the publication called Crossing the border with $10,000 or more?
The importation of certain goods is restricted in Canada. The following are some examples of these goods. Make sure you have the information you require before attempting to import these items into Canada.
You must declare all weapons and firearms at the CBSA port of entry when you enter Canada. If not, you could face prosecution and the goods may be seized.
For more detailed information on importing a firearm into Canada, see the publication called Importing a Firearm or Weapon Into Canada or call the BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information". For information about applying for a Canadian firearms licence or a firearms registration certificate, or to obtain an Application for an Authorization to Transport Restricted Firearms and Prohibited Firearms (Form CAFC 679) in advance, please contact:
Canadian Firearms Program
Ottawa ON K1A 0R2
Telephone: 1-800-731-4000 (toll-free in Canada and the United States)
506-624-5380 (from all other countries)
Fax: 613-825-0297
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Web site: www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca
You are required to have written authorization and permits to bring explosives, fireworks and certain types of ammunition into Canada. For more information, contact:
Explosives Regulatory Division
Natural Resources Canada
1431 Merivale Road
Ottawa ON K1A 0G1
Telephone: 613-948-5200
Web site: www.nrcan.gc.ca
Vehicles include any kind of pleasure vehicles such as passenger cars, pickup trucks, camper trucks, vans, jeeps, chassis cabs, motorcycles, snowmobiles and motor homes, as long as you use them for non-commercial purposes. However, you should be aware that Transport Canada has many requirements that apply to vehicles.
Transport Canada defines a vehicle as any vehicle that is capable of being driven or drawn on roads, by any means other than muscular power exclusively, but not including a vehicle designed to run exclusively on rails. Trailers such as recreational, boat, camping, horse and stock trailers are considered vehicles as are wood chippers, generators or any other equipment mounted on rims and tires.
For Transport Canada requirements on the importation of any vehicle, refer to the CBSA publication Importing a Vehicle Into Canada which is available on the CBSA Web site at www.cbsa.gc.ca, or visit the Transport Canada Web site at www.tc.gc.ca.
Import restrictions apply to most used or second-hand vehicles that are not manufactured in the current year and are imported from a country other than the United States.
Before you import a vehicle, you should also contact the Registrar of Imported Vehicles. This is an agency which is contracted by Transport Canada to administer a national program to ensure that imported vehicles are brought into compliance with Canada's safety standards.
Registrar of Imported Vehicles
Telephone: 1-888-848-8240 (toll-free in Canada and the United States)
416-626-6812 (from outside Canada and the United States)
Web site: www.riv.ca
If you buy, lease, rent or borrow a vehicle while outside Canada, Transport Canada and customs legislation does not allow you to bring it into Canada for your personal use, even temporarily, unless it meets all Transport Canada requirements and you pay the duty and federal taxes that apply.
For exceptions, please consult Memorandum D2-4-1, Temporary Importation of Conveyances by Residents of Canada, and Memorandum D8-1-1, Amendments to Temporary Importation (Tariff Item No. 9993.00.00) Regulations, which are available on the CBSA's Web site at www.cbsa.gc.ca. You can also call the BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information". The duty and taxes, as well as the Registrar of Imported Vehicles fee, are not refunded when the vehicle leaves Canada.
To monitor the effects of imports on Canadian manufacturers, there are import controls on items such as clothing, handbags and textiles. These controls are outlined in the Export and Import Permits Act. Depending on the value, quantity or type of goods you intend to import, you may need an import permit even if you qualify for a personal exemption.
For more information, call the BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section called "Additional information" or contact:
Export and Import Controls Bureau
Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada
Tower C, 4th Floor
125 Sussex Drive
Ottawa ON K1A 0G2
Web site: www.international.gc.ca
The Hazardous Products Act prohibits the importation of consumer products that could pose a danger to the public (e.g. baby walkers, jequirity beans that are often found in art or bead work). Canadian residents should be aware of consumer products that have safety requirements in Canada. Many of these safety requirements are stricter than requirements of other countries. For more information about prohibited and restricted products, contact Health Canada at:
Telephone: 1-866-662-0666 (toll-free in Canada)
1-613-952-1014 (from all other countries)
Web site: www.hc-sc.gc.ca
All food, plants, animals, and related products must be declared. Food can carry disease, such as E. coli. Plants and plant products can carry invasive alien species, such as the Asian Long-Horned Beetle. Animals and animal products can carry diseases, such as avian influenza and foot-and-mouth disease. Furthermore, certain species of plants and animals are protected under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and their trade is carefully controlled. Because of these risks, the Government of Canada regulates the import of certain food, plants, animals and related products to and from Canada.
Based on emerging threats, the import requirements for food, plants, animals and related products are subject to change on a daily basis. To determine the most up-to-date import requirements for these items, refer to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) Automated Import Reference System (AIRS) at www.inspection.gc.ca. AIRS is an automated reference tool that will lead you through a series of questions about the food, plant, animal or related product you wish to import to determine the applicable regulations, policies and import requirements.
CITES import requirements do not appear in AIRS. If you have questions about importing a CITES species, visit www.ec.gc.ca/nature or call the Canadian Wildlife Service at 1-800-668-6767.
In addition to the import requirements established by the CFIA and CITES, Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada has set limits on the quantity and/or dollar value of certain food products you can bring into Canada duty-free or that you can include in your personal exemption.
Unless you have an import permit from Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada for quantities over and above the established limits, you will have to pay duty ranging from 150% to 300% of the value of the goods.
For more information, refer to the food, plant and animal section of the CBSA's Web site at www.cbsa.gc.ca or call the BIS at one of the telephone numbers listed in the section "Additional information".
You cannot import prohibited goods, such as obscene material, hate propaganda and child pornography, into Canada.
You cannot import used or second-hand mattresses into Canada unless you have a certificate that verifies the mattresses have been cleaned and fumigated in the country of export. A letter, or any other document that clearly demonstrates that this requirement has been met, is acceptable if it is signed by a person qualified in cleaning and fumigating.
In Canada, health products may be regulated differently than they are in other countries. For example, what is available without a prescription in one country may require a prescription in Canada. Canada, like many other countries, has restrictions on the quantities and types of health products that can be brought in. For more information regarding health products and their importation into Canada, please consult Health Canada's Web site at www.hc-sc.gc.ca.
Certain antiquities or cultural objects considered to have historical significance to their country of origin cannot be brought into Canada without the appropriate export permits. Before you import such items, you should contact Canadian Heritage:
Movable Cultural Property
Canadian Heritage
15 Eddy Street, 3rd floor
Gatineau QC K1A 0M5
Telephone: 819-997-7761
Fax: 819-997-7757
Web site: www.pch.gc.ca
For more information, within Canada call the Border Information Service at 1-800-461-9999. From outside Canada, call 204-983-3500 or 506-636-5064 (long distance charges will apply). Agents are available Monday to Friday during office hours (08:00 to 16:00 local time / except holidays). TTY (for those with hearing or speech impairments) is also available within Canada at 1-866-335-3237.
You may obtain further information by consulting the publications (Guides and Brochures) available on the CBSA Web site at www.cbsa.gc.ca.