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Prudential Puzzler: When does life begin? (In Colorado, that is)
Despite all the wayward threads this election season, there have been some substantial and useful discussions here on Catholic faith and public life, in particular on the employment of prudential judgments--the lifeblood of politics. That said, a constitutional amendment on the ballot in Colorado offers an interesting story line, in that it seeks todefine a"person" as"any human being from the moment of fertilization," with all the constitutional rights that confers.Sounds like a pro-lifer's dream. Except the Catholic hierarchy of the state is not backing it, the anti-abortion governor (Bill Ritter, a Catholic) is against it, and national pro-life groups aren't supporting it either. This AP story is the best overview I've found. Apparently the concern is much like that of the NRA with the recent Supreme Court ruling on the Second Amendment (which went their way--phew!), namely, that passing this amendment might provoke an up-or-down decision on the legality of abortion. A June statement from the Colorado bishops explains their thinking, or their strategy, you might say.
"Unfortunately, even if this year's personhood amendment is passed in Colorado, lowerfederal courts interpreting this amendment will be required to applythe permissive 1973 Roe v. Wade abortion decision by the U.S. SupremeCourt. It is also likely that the Supreme Court, given its current composition, will either decline to review such a case, effectively killing the state amendment, or worse, actively reaffirm the mistaken jurisprudence of. While the Church respects those promoting this personhoodamendment, the Catholic Bishops of Colorado decline tosupport its passage because it does not provide a realisticopportunity for ending or even reducing abortions in Colorado. Constructive alternatives to reduce abortions and advance the ultimate objective of ending abortion, however, do exist at the state level."
And earlier this month Archbishop Chaput of Denver released a statement (PDF) chiding Ritter over remarks on the personhood question. But it did little (for me) to clarify the church's thinking here, or why the hierarchy's prudential (political) savvy in this case (if indeed this is the best move) is not applicable elsewhere. For example, overturning Roe v. Wade under the current climate of opinion and lack of pregnancy support could very likely lead to a stronger affirmation of abortion rights. (Such was the spur to the dreaded FOCA.)In any case, I'd be interested in thoughts on the prudential and political merits here, from those in the know, or those in Colorado who may have better insights from up close. Which is my way of saying, let's try to keep the demonizing to a minimum.
About the Author
David Gibson is a national reporter for Religion News Service and author of The Coming Catholic Church (HarperOne) and The Rule of Benedict (HarperOne). He blogs at dotCommonweal.
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There must be hundreds of unexpected ramifications of legally defining personhood as beginning at conception. As I have pointed out a number of times before, according to information in the transcript of a session titled "Early Embryonic Development: An Up-to-Date Account" by the Presidents Council on Bioethics, early embryo loss from the time of fertilization is 80 percent (possibly greater), and the loss of embryos that survive 7 days is still 60 percent. All of those, most of whose existence we would never even know about, would be legal persons.http://www.bioethics.gov/transcripts/jan03/session1.htmlWould a pregnant woman who drank a glass of wine be guilty of serving alcohol to minors? Could women who take less than optimal care of their health during pregnancy be accused of child abuse or child neglect? Could pregnant women be held against their will to protect the rights of the persons inside them? The "fetal rights" movement raises some of these questions, but this amendment raises even more.There are possible ramifications for wills. Something trivial that comes to mind are those signs in elevators, restaurants, and other public spaces that say it is unsafe or illegal to have more than some specified number of people in them. You would have to cut the number by half if they were all pregnant women!Would citizenship be determined by where a person was conceived rather than where he or she was born? Would you need conception certificates instead of birth certificates? This amendment sounds very much like the Born Alive Infant Protection Act that Obama is excoriated for blocking, only it defines personhood beginning with conception instead of birth.
This amendment sounds very much like the Born Alive Infant Protection Act that Obama is excoriated for blocking, only it defines personhood beginning with conception instead of birth.For the record, what Obama opposed was the definition of personhood in the act, which included any fetus with a discernable heartbeat --- ie. at around five weeks.
"Behold, I am sending you like sheep in the midst of wolves; so be shrewd as serpents and simple as doves."
to define a person as any human being from the moment of fertilization"Perhaps I have missed something here, but the definition seems to be question begging, i.e., the language used assumes that at the moment of fertilization a human being exists, i.e., an actual and not merely a potential human being.
Behold, I am sending you like sheep in the midst of wolves; so be shrewd as serpents and simple as doves.Jim,Could you please explain?
Here is the text of the amendment:Section 31. Person defined. AS USED IN SECTIONS 3, 6, AND 25 OF ARTICLE II OFTHE STATE CONSTITUTION, THE TERMS "PERSON" OR "PERSONS" SHALL INCLUDE ANYHUMAN BEING FROM THE MOMENT OF FERTILIZATION.
Joseph--Rather than describe the unique human being created at the moment of conception as a potential human being, I think it is more apt to say that a human being with potential has just been created.David G.--An interesting post. Perhaps the Colorado bishops are correct politically that the proposed constitutional amendment could not pass judicial muster with the Roe jurisprudence in place, but I don't know that is "likely" that the Supreme Court would decline to "review" a lower court decision construing the amendment. Unlike the need for at least 5 votes from the justices when a case is decided, only 4 votes are needed when the 9 justices vote as to whether they will hear a case. Two votes would likely come from Scalia and Thomas, and two additional votes might come from Roberts and Alito. If the case were to be reviewed by the court, however, the rubber would meet the road when it came Justice Kennedy's turn to vote on the case. I can see how the bishops would have concerns about which way his vote would go.
Hello Joseph (and all),to define a person as any human being from the moment of fertilizationPerhaps we have already reached our first tangent here but I think it's worth addressing your excellent question. I think the most charitable way to read this is to interpret "human being" as "living member of the human species". On this reading, the definition need not be question-begging. (I also thing you are exactly right if I interpret you correctly. Many who use the term "human being" use it to refer to a "human person".)Is every living member of the human species a person? I think so. But many, including many for whom I have utmost respect, think not. Those with whom I disagree maintain that some living humans are not persons because these humans do not function in certain ways they claim are characteristic of persons. For example, some maintain that since an embryonic human cannot have plans for her life, this human cannot be a person (although this human is undeniably alive and posesses a genetic endowment that determines some of her characteristics, including her being female).
David N.--I'm taking it that at least some of your hypotheticals were meant to be tongue in cheek. (At least I hope so.)"Would a pregnant woman who drank a glass of wine be guilty of serving alcohol to minors?"Would a post-partum woman who drank a glass of wine and breast feed her child be guilty of serving alcohol to minors?"Something trivial that comes to mind are those signs in elevators, restaurants, and other public spaces that say it is unsafe or illegal to have more than some specified number of people in them. You would have to cut the number by half if they were all pregnant women!"I don't think so. Those types of restrictions are functions of limiting the size and/or mass of individuals in a confined space, not a function of the legal definition of "person.""Would citizenship be determined by where a person was conceived rather than where he or she was born? Would you need conception certificates instead of birth certificates?"Again, I don't think so. Citizenship is a privilege, not a right, and as such it can be defined as attaching at the moment of birth in the United States.
It strikes me that this amendment, should it pass, would have no effect human cloning and might render clones nonpersons.The "embryo" of a clone is created by nuclear transplantation rather than fertilization. I don't think there is any way to argue they are the same thing. It was my position, in a recent discussion here, that human cloning has not happened yet, but it was the position of others that when nuclear transplantation is done with human cells, the result is a human clone that is also a human being (or person). If there are to be equal rights for clones, they need to rewrite this amendment.
Would a pregnant woman who drank a glass of wine be guilty of serving alcohol to minors?Would a post-partum woman who drank a glass of wine and breast feed her child be guilty of serving alcohol to minors?This is from the Wikipedia article on fetal rights, and of course the prosecutions occurred without any laws declaring that babies are fully protected human persons under the law.
No U.S. state has enacted a law which criminalizes specific behavior during pregnancy, but, nonetheless, it has been estimated that at least 200 American women have been criminally prosecuted or arrested under existing child abuse statutes for allegedly bringing about harm in-utero through their conduct during pregnancy. Reasons for pressing charges included use of illicit drugs, consumption of alcohol, and failure to comply with a doctor's order of bedrest or caesarean section. Drug addicts have been accused of "supplying drugs to a minor" through unintentional chemical subjection via the umbilical cord. Others have been charged with assault with a deadly weapon with the "deadly weapon" in question being an illegal drug. Minnesota, Wisconsin and South Dakota allow women who continue to use substances while pregnant to be civilly committed. Some states require that medical providers report any infant who is born with a physical dependency, or who tests positive for residual traces of alcohol or drugs, to child welfare authorities.You can also find cases where women have been accused of murdering their babies by breastfeeding because the mothers were using drugs, some of them legal prescription drugs.
" Behold, I am sending you like sheep in the midst of wolves; so be shrewd as serpents and simple as doves.Jim,Could you please explain?"Sure, nothing too profound ... the situation just recalled that verse to mind, particularly the "shrewd as serpents" bit. While the church agrees with the language of the amendment, it seems imprudent to adopt it.Some of the arguments as recapped by David and reported in the AP story remind me of what happened in South Dakota a couple of years ago, where what seemed a striking pro-life victory nosedived into a decisive defeat.http://www.usatoday.com/news/politicselections/vote2006/SD/2006-11-08-ab... the time, the initial legislation was criticized by pro-life professionals for some of the same reasons being cited now in Colorado by the church and other organizations.
I dont think so. Those types of restrictions are functions of limiting the size and/or mass of individuals in a confined space, not a function of the legal definition of person.William,This was not meant entirely seriously, but when you redefine what is meant by "person" in your constitution, you change every law and regulation that has the word "person" in it, and unless you read through all your laws and regulations, and think carefully about how some clever law enforcement official or defense lawyer might use those laws and regulations, you have just made potentially drastic changes that you may not be aware of. If it is illegal for more than a certain number of people to occupy an elevator, and your constitution changes the law that governs that so unborn infants count as persons, then a pregnant woman counts as two people -- or with fertility drugs, up to five or six, nowadays! Laws should mean what they say, and if you redefine "person" and a law with the word "person" in it has a ramification nobody thought of, do you just say, "Well, they didn't mean to change this law, so we'll just ignore the new meaning." And who gets to make those decisions?
Jim--As you may know, South Dakota has a similar ballot initiative going to vote next week, except that this one contains exceptions for rape, incest, or a threat to the life of a pregnant woman. NPR profiled the ballot measure earlier this week. In the largely conservative state, it appears the initiative is being closely watched nationally by both pro-life and pro-choice supporters.
I'm not always a fan of Cardinal Egan, but he recently took a different tack on the abortion issue, avoiding the legal and theological arguments for what can be called the pictorial argument:http://www.cny.org/archive/eg/eg102308.htm H/T: MOJ(Apologies to David G. if this post veers from the substance of his initial one.)
When I first read this post, I thought about two things:-Colorado politics , my nearby neighbor to the north has clearly become more blue as Denver has grown enormously and continues to. Colorado Springs keeps growing as well (especially along the Interstate coridor.) A number of folks I know have moved on to the fort Collins (Col. St. U. area) as well. I think the amendment may have some tie to how people wil vote in the general election.-The influence of the major one issue Colorado Bishops (Chaput and Sheridan) seems from this distance to be lessening.The pull though is still quite strong in mainly conservative leaning Colorado Springs.I think the passage of the amendment is less than clear.I thoroughly agree with Bill Collier on what the Supreme Court might do if its makeup was the same and this came before them.It would come down to the ever eclectic Kennedy, and given his distaste for the simplistic and bald approach, I think it's 55-45 he'd go against.While you may debate the merits of the amendment, what in fac thappens will reside in matters political in my judgement.That's why the question of effectiveness in presenting life isues is really the crucial one
Bill C.Just saw your last post. I would note that Catholic new York might not hav ea huge readership, even if the paper is thrown at folk leaving Church by the ushers. Granted that, I'm not sure the visceral aproach is any more effective than the political club over the head.Is Egan still ticked off at Fordham - Breyer honoring is tonight?
I took Mr. Nickol's reference about 60% to 80% of fertilized eggs being lost and with my librarian's itch checked it out. Dr. Opitz does indeed make that statement but without references. One permits oneself a little eyebrow raising at the scope of the numbers - a difference of 25%.to 30%. It does raise the further question whether a distinction is to be made between fertilization and conception Dr. Opitz recounts his youth: "The very first question that Professor Witschi asked me is well, John, and what is the biogenetic fundamental law? And I said well, I don't know, sir. And right then and there he told me about Haeckel's famous statement that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny". This theory, in the highly elaborate and deterministic form advanced by Haeckel, has, since the early twentieth century, been refuted on many fronts.Scott F Gilbert. "Ernst Haeckel and the Biogenetic Law". Developmental Biology, 8th edition. Sinauer Associates. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. "Eventually, the Biogenetic Law had become scientifically untenable". With its faked drawings [still occasionally seen in high school textbooks] was used to reinforce the theory of the superiority of the "Caucasian race". Dr. Opitz ended his discussion thus: "the point I want to make very strongly is this, that there's a continuum in developmental potential to the very moment of conception".
David N.,You are right to say that one should think carefully before altering the basic definition of a term that is found throughout a legal code or be prepared to deal with lots of unintended consequences. It would seem much simpler to me to state that all human beings (defined as living members of the human species) possess the right to life, and leave it at that.As for David G.'s broader question about the local Catholic heirarchy not endorsing the ammendment, I find it highly appropriate to consider the practical consequences of any legal measure. After all, the Church teaches that there are three components to any moral act- the nature of the act, the end in view (intention), and the circumstances. If any one of these three components is evil, then the act is considered evil. In this instance the bishops have made the judgement that the circumstances are such that this otherwise good act will produce unacceptable negative consequences. Now here's where it gets interesting. An argument could be made that what the bishops are doing here is using a proportionalist approach to moral theology that was roundly condemned by JPII in Veritatis Splendor. If they are in fact arguing that Catholics should vote against the measure, the nature of the act itself (voting against legal protection for the unborn) would be considered evil. They would then be in the position of advocating an act that is intrinsically evil on the basis of the negative circumstances that surround it and the negative consequences that would ensue. Perhaps they could try to get around this by simply telling people to abstain from voting on the measure (the NFP route, if you follow my analogy). However this always seemed like splitting hairs to me because the Church recognizes that sins occur by both commission and ommission. Wouldn't deliberately failing to vote for the legal protection of unborn human persons be a sin of ommission?
From the Catechism of the Catholic Church: From its conception, the Child has the Right to Life.The Bishops are simply wrong. There is no reason not to support the Personhood Amendment because the Truth is, at Conception, the Life of a unique Human Person begins.
David Tenney, thanks for that very useful (for my mind) explication. Did you see Chaput's statement in the PDF file? He says, "Catholics are free to support or oppose Amendment 48, commonly known as the Personhood Amendment, as they judge appropriate. This is a prudential matter which requires personal reflection and decision." I wonder if that threads the intrinsically evil needle?I do think it's a very interesting case study, and my original interest was largely political, in the sense of how the Colorado bishops (and the pro-life lobby's) "prudential" approach relates to that of regular ol' Catholics trying to parse things like this--and often getting hammered for trying to make such judgments. A question that emerges is a basic one: What is the pro-life strategy? If challenging Roe v. Wade is not opportune or possible, what is the startegy? And why then the virtual monofocus on Roe? I imagine one tack is to try to get a president who will get enough like-minded judges to overturn Roe, but even if McCain is elected, that's years away. Again, even if Roe is overturned (and the likely backlash isn't enough to get a FOCA-like law/amendment passed), what is the state-by-state strategy? And what of a "culture of life," or the policies the bishops refer to, until then? It just seems that the bishops are making judgments very much in line with many Catholics, many of whom will vote for Obama or other Democrats who are pro-choice to one degree or another. And while I at first thought the whole debate over personhood was becoming "angels-on-the-head-of-a-pin" stuff (perhaps because I'm a pinhead), I realize from this thread that it really is at the core of the whole legal approach to abortion. (Duh, many will say.) In that a line must be drawn somewhere, and if it;s at "fertilization," it'll be a morass, but if it's at five week, or first trimester, or viability, or whatever, then we will have effectively enshrined abortion rights into law. I don't see a way around it, really. Many non-Catholics believers would object on religious grounds, and I cannot believe Americans would bar cases of rape or incest or life of the mother. One exception, I guess I'm saying, voids the entire legal project. And arguing that greater legal restrictions are a virtue is simply another form 9it seems to me) of the "abortion reduction" approach that has been deemed a non-starter (to put it kindly).In any case, just random thoughts from a tired brain. Thanks to David Nickol and William Collier, and Jim Pauwels for the South Dakota reference. That's be an interesting one to watch. BTW, the NRA is not unhappy with how the second Amendment case went.
Nancy,You wrote, "There is no reason not to support the Personhood Amendment because the Truth is, at Conception, the Life of a unique Human Person begins." But what if supporting the ammendment will almost certainly result in more legal obstacles to the recognition of the personhood of unborn human beings? Wouldn't that constitute a reason not to support the amendment?David G.,You wrote, "[Chaput] says, 'Catholics are free to support or oppose Amendment 48, commonly known as the Personhood Amendment, as they judge appropriate. This is a prudential matter which requires personal reflection and decision.' I wonder if that threads the intrinsically evil needle?"I don't see how he can maintain that this is a matter of prudential judgement since the bishops have affirmed again and again that the question of whether abortion ought to be legal must be answered in the negative and is not a matter of prudential judgement. I would assume that the same must hold true for teh question of the legal recignition of the rights of teh unborn. The bishops have said many things to this effect in their statements on choosing candidates for office. It would seem even clearer in this case where the voters are being asked to consider a specific and narrow legal action rather than select a candidate who will act on a large range of issues. I think the bishops' reasoning is correct; I'm just pointing out that it contradicts the moral principles they have articulated elsewhere and which were laid out by JPII in Veritatis Splendor.For what it is worth, my opinion is that JPII's critique of proportionalism missed the target. He wrongly equated proportionalism with consequentialism. Proportionalism evaluates an act by analyzing the good/evil of the three moral components of the act and comparing it to the good/evil of the three compenents of available alternative courses of action. It chooses the course of action that has the highest proportion of good to evil between the three parts of the act. Consequentialism on the other hand only looks at the circumstances of the act (the last of the three moral components) and makes its judgement based on which course of action will achieve the greatest good in its consequences (without respect to the intention with which the act is performed or the object/nature of the act itself). In equating the two and condemning proportionalism, JPII moved the Church towards a defacto deontology- which, BTW, would make a great name for a rock band. Deontology is a moral system which evaluates moral actions primarily (often exclusively) by analyzing the first component of the action: the nature or object of the action. For a deontologist, an action that is intrinsically evil (in its object) cannot be justified by any set of circumstances or any intention. This leads to all sorts of conclusions with which I struggle: e.g. war can sometimes be justified, but sexual intercourse with a condom cannot, even if it is between an elderly husband and wife where one partner is infected with HIV.As you can see, while this argument is a bit technical, it lies at the heart of many of the major debates within the Church today.Two other miscellaneous points:-In JPII's defense, some proportionalists were basically using their method in consequentialist ways. I think that is what he was reacting against. It is unfortunate though that he condemned the proportionalist approach as a whole. When used properly, I think it reflects the best of the Church's moral tradition. I fear that the more deontological approach we use now doesn't give enough moral significance to the second and third parts of the moral act.- Prof. Caveny had some worthwhile things to say that are related to this question in her recent article on "Intrinsic Evil" in America.Some resources:- on the three parts of a moral act see Catechism #1749 and following- on JPII's critique of proportionalism see Veritatis Splendor #75 and following
Hello David T. (and all),Thanks for another terrific post. I second all that you say. But I thought it might be worth adding a little to your discussion. I think JPII was not the only one who confused proportionalism with consequentialism. Perhaps this is because theories of consequentialism emerged primarily in philosophy whereas proportionalism emerged in moral theology, and sadly the two disciplines are mainly out of contact with each other. I have also noticed that a number of Catholic critics of consequentialism conflate the two main forms of consequentialism, utilitarianism and egoism. Put crudely, the standard of egoism is expected self interest while the standard of utilitarianism is expected community interest. Many times I have heard or read Catholic critics speak of utilitarianism as if this were a creed of unbridled selfishness, while in fact one of the most common philosophical complaints against utilitarianism is that this kind of consequentialism requires people to be far more selfless than we can expect them to be."JPII moved the Church towards a defacto deontology- which, BTW, would make a great name for a rock band. Deontology is a moral system which evaluates moral actions primarily (often exclusively) by analyzing the first component of the action: the nature or object of the action."I think you're right. Kant was the greatest philosophical deontologist, and as I've told my fiancee, after reading some of JPII's writings on moral questions I've concluded he was a Kantian, though he may not have been aware of it."For a deontologist, an action that is intrinsically evil (in its object) cannot be justified by any set of circumstances or any intention. This leads to all sorts of conclusions with which I struggle: e.g. war can sometimes be justified, but sexual intercourse with a condom cannot, even if it is between an elderly husband and wife where one partner is infected with HIV."I have much the same struggles, even though my best philosophical colleague (now one of the foremost philosophers in North America) has told me on occasion that given my conduct she thinks I'm a Kantian and she's probably right). Another specific example that gives me hives: Humanae Vitae explicitly permits the use of drugs for medical treatment that have a contraceptive effect. But according to Church teaching, couples may not use contraception even when pregnancy would threaten one of their lives. It's my understanding that some contraceptives are effective treatments for acne. So wouldn't that imply that couples could use contraception if the woman suffers from acne, but not if the woman suffers from multiple sclerosis?
Two votes would likely come from Scalia and Thomas...Don't be too sure about Scalia. He of the *original meaning* school recently said in a 60-Minutes interview that he disagreed with extending legal personhood to the fetus because the framers considered a person as a "walking around human being*.
Peter,You wrote, "Another specific example that gives me hives: Humanae Vitae explicitly permits the use of drugs for medical treatment that have a contraceptive effect. But according to Church teaching, couples may not use contraception even when pregnancy would threaten one of their lives. Its my understanding that some contraceptives are effective treatments for acne. So wouldnt that imply that couples could use contraception if the woman suffers from acne, but not if the woman suffers from multiple sclerosis?"The answer to your question has to do with the principle of double effect (PDE). PDE tells us when it is morally permissible to take an action that will have forseeable evil consequences but will also accomplish something good. Basically you knowingly take an action, but without willing the evil outcome. In order for an action to be permitted uner the PDE it must meet four criteria, which conveniently and appropriately very much line up with the three parts of the moral act;1) The object of the act must not be intrinsically evil.2) The evil outcome of the act must not be directly willed or intended.3) There must be a proportionate reason for tolerating the evil outcome (i.e. there is a greater good to be accomplished on consequentialist grounds).4) The good that will be accomplished by the act may not be the direct result of the evil outcome (because we may never do evil so that good may result from it).Taking a contraceptive to clear up acne fails #3. Taking a medicine that has contraceptive side effects but which is primarily aimed at treating a serious illness meets all four criteria which is why it is allowed in Humanae Vitae. Using a condom in the scenario I outlined would fail #1 according to the church's logic. I see ways that it could be argued that the primary object of using a condom is blocking disease transmission and its contraceptive effects are an unintended if forseeable consequence. Some bishops and many moral theologians have voiced support for this position (and it was even being explored at some high level in the Vatican in recent years), but so far has not been accepted by the pope. The real problem is that there is an underlying philosophical debate about the line between the object/nature of the act and the intention with which it is performed.
Peter, In science, when you do a theoretical experiment that suggests an answer that you know can't be right, you start looking for the flaws in the logic underlying the method or conduct of the experiment. Let's say your experiment tells you gravity is a false concept. You will never advise people to jump off buildings as a result because you know your result can't be right, even if you can't figure out what you did wrong to get it.In philosophy or moral theology, when your logical construct gives you a result that strikes you as intuitively wrong in a deep or profound way, I suggest you do the same thing. The fact that you don't have the concrete tools for "proving" how wrong an answer is (people don't float, they fall when they jump from a building) doesn't mean you should nonetheless accept the rightness of constructs that you "know" at some level are giving you the wrong answers. It's hard, because we want our answers to result from our reasoning; we don't want our reasoning to be outcome determinative, that is, solely based on validating the answer that we know we want. And in some cases (especially scientific inquiries) a right answer can really be the unexpected one. But still, in those cases where the answer seems so obviously wrong, it's time to reconsider the logic that got you there in the first place.And so my complaint with the logic of the Church's teaching begins with its view on the permissible treatment of an ectopic pregnancy . . .In the law, consequences do matter in fixing both the definition of the crime and the scope of the punishment. I think there are very few pure deontologists (Gosh, thanks David T. for giving me some idea what that means).
David Tenney,Acne, in some cases, can be horribly disfiguring, so I am not sure why it would be any less a reason to use the pill than, say, endometriosis. But that doesn't affect the principles involved. It's a matter of determining how to apply them.But I am wondering if you are correct in your analysis of using a contraceptive drug. After all, there would be no question of using it in the case of a woman who was not sexually active. So the drug itself, or the use of the drug, could not be considered intrinsically evil (for those who believe that is a useful concept). The pill is not inherently a contraceptive as, for example, a condom would be a contraceptive (assuming you use the condom for its intended purpose rather than, say, filling it with water and throwing it off the roof). So it would seem to me the question is not whether taking the pill for something other than contraceptive purposes is licit, but rather whether it is licit to engage in sexual intercourse when using something that might have the effect of rendering you infertile. It seems to me it would be purely a matter of intent, and no proportionate reason would would be needed. Not conceiving because you are infertile, whether naturally or "artificially," is not evil. It is deliberately preventing conception that the Church considers evil. Of course, there are many pro-life "enthusiasts" who claim one of the effects of the pill -- if it fails to prevent ovulation, and then fails to prevent sperm from reaching the egg -- is to prevent implantation, which they consider equivalent to abortion. And some of them maintain a woman using the pill for noncontraceptive purposes must refrain from sexual intercourse for fear of inducing an "abortion." Opinion on this seems to be divided.
Hello All,Thanks to David T. and to Barbara for your fine responses to my post of last evening. David N. has anticipated how I would have responded to David T.'s response.Barbara rightly points out that there are very few pure deontologists. Indeed, it's not so clear that one can consistently be a pure deontologist. Kant, the "king" of deontologists, proposed a kind of litmus test for making decisions which I will paraphrase:I may do X if I can consistently will that everyone does X.How does this apply to the question of abortion which is so closely tied to David G.'s original post? You will get different answers, depending in part on how you describe the decision. Perhaps you can't consistently will that every pregnant woman procures an abortion. But maybe you could consistently will that every pregnant woman carrying a fetus with Down's syndrome procures an abortion. (And I would like to be clear that these made up examples do not reflect my own positions.)Of course, there's a lot more to be said about deontological ethics (which is one reason why professional philosophers are so busy). But I think Barbara is on the right track.Maybe I should add that while I think David T. was exactly right about JPII being a deontologist, JPII might have resisted being described this way. Veritatis Splendor is supposed to be a defense of classical natural law theory, which is a somewhat different animal than deontological ethics.
David Nickol,You've brought out two important concerns. The first is the one I alluded to at the end of my last post: Where is the line of demarcation between the different parts of an act. If a contraceptive is not being used for a contraceptive purpose but for some other good reason, is its contraceptive quality still part of its object or merely part of the consequences/circumstances? If we say that it is part of its object, then it could never be permitted under the PDE. But if we say that it is merely part of the consequences of the act, then it could be permitted under the PDE. One might be tempted at this point to simply throw up one's hands and declare this "angels dancing on the head of a pin" territory. Unfortunately, the answers to these questions have huge real world consequences- e.g. use of condoms to prevent HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa.The second important concern you've raised has to do with how we measure the gravity of different evils against one another. Does disfiguring acne qualify as a sufficient evil to override the prohibition against an act that has been defined as intrinsically evil, namely using a contraceptive medication? This is a question that drives right to the heart of the debate over proportionalism. Imagine a scale of 1-10 where 1 is gravely evil and 10 is very good. Then imagine assigning a numerical score to each of the three moral components of an action and doing the same for an alternative course of action. Several problems immediately present themselves. First, who decides whether disfiguring acne is a 4 or a 2 on our scale? Clearly a great deal of subjectivity enters in here. Second, how does one weigh scores in each of the three columns against one another. Is a level 2 evil in the consequences category sufficient to justify perfoming an action that is a level 3 evil in its object, or could that only be justified by a consequence that was a level 1 evil? Admittedly my 1-10 scale is a bit simplistic and contrived, but hopefully the underlying problems are clear. In order to really use proportionalism as an approach to moral theology we would need workable solutions to these problems. I believe that this is one area where proponents of proportionalism have work to do. I also believe that they and the Church could have been greatly helped by a more nuanced critique of proportionalism in Veritatis Splendor. Imagine if JPII had laid out these concerns to the proportionalists and identified some foundational principles from which to begin addressing them. Unfortunately he just condemned proportionalism whole-sale.Also: Apologies to Prof. Kaveny for mispelling her name in my earlier post.
One can continue to make statements until the end of Time to try to justify the gruesome act of abortion. The fact is, there is no argument that exists that can change the Truth about when the Life of a Human Person begins, which is at Conception, when there exists a unique Human Person, with unique DNA, consistent with that of a Human Being, separate from that of it's Mother.


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Student Financial Services, NUC 141
Student Financial Services is a department within Enrollment Management that includes the financial aid function as well as the Cashier Counter, Bursar, and I.D. Office.
Our contact information is as follows:
Mail: Office of Student Financial Services, Campus Box 162, 100 N. University Dr., Edmond, OK, 73034
Email: email@example.com
Phone: (405) 974-2727
Fax: (405) 340-7658
Office Location: Nigh University Center, Room 141
Click here for a campus map.
Enrollment Management offices, including Student Financial Services, usually work the following schedule:
Jan-May and Aug - Dec Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday 8 am to 5 pm
Wednesday 9 am to 5 pm
June and July Monday through Thursday 8 am to 6 pm
Friday 8 am to 12 pm

subset: commoncrawl


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[EDITED by Y. Choi - I have attempted to paraphrase the original question into something a bit terser and more precise; if this is not what the original poster intended, they should make corrections themselves.]
Let $G$ be a locally compact abelian (LCA) group and let $f\in L^1(G)$. Can we always find $g\in L^2(G)$ such that $h=f-g$ lies in $L^1(G)\cap B(G)$, where $B(G)$ is the Fourier-Stieltjes algebra of $G$?
($B(G)$ consists of all Fourier transforms of complex-valued regular Borel measures on $\Gamma$, the dual group of $G$.)
If there are counterexamples, are there counterexamples with $G={\mathbb R}^n$?
In the case $G={\mathbb R}^n$, as we know, the Calderon-Zygmund decomposition theorem asserts that every $f\in L^1({\mathbb R}^n)$ is the sum of its good part $g$ and bad part $b$. Since $g$ is bounded and belongs to $L^1({\mathbb R}^n)$, it is not hard to verify that $g$ belongs to $L^p({\mathbb R}^n)$ for every $p\ge 1$. But it is easy to see that there exists an $f$ such that the inversion formula of Fourier transform fails for $b$. That is to say, the Calderon-Zygmund decomposition is not the decomposition of $L^1({\mathbb R}^n)$ that I want.


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Beagle was all the rage some years ago, and then it just died... silently. Anyone knows why?
closed as off topic by xenoterracide♦ Dec 17 '10 at 15:30
Questions on Unix & Linux Stack Exchange are expected to relate to Unix or Linux within the scope defined by the community. Consider editing the question or leaving comments for improvement if you believe the question can be reworded to fit within the scope. Read more about reopening questions here.If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
Lack of time and support by Novell.
From a thread in their mailing list:
Read the thread here


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Hi, I thought I'd start a thread specifically for everyone to suggest changes to the match engine. Yes, I realise that there is a wishlist thread already, but it's full of suggestions from people who want to be able to add hot dog stands to their stadium or spend their manager's salary, etc (albeit there are some good suggestions there as well). This should hopefully make it easier for SI to read what people want from the match engine, specifically. I thought this would be a good idea as the forum is currently becoming a bit flooded with posts on the subject.
With the number of threads that turn into slanging matches here are the ground rules:
- Please make sure you're playing the latest patch (currently 8.0.1) before you suggest changes
- Please respect others' views, even if you disagree - do so politely
- Please don't say "this won't be too difficult to implement" unless you are a programmer yourself. The number of times people say that makes me think everyone on here must have a degree in software coding (let me tell you, nothing is "easy", because you have to test every bit of coding)
- Please don't worry if it's been posted before - let's use this one thread for all suggestions to do with the match engine; it will make the forum tidier
- Whilst it would be nice if SI post in here, rest assured (as I do) that SI do read all threads, so assume that this thread is being read[/list]
I will kick things off in the next post.


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Is the best practice to number all equations, or just those that will be referred to?
closed as too broad by Ingo, Christian Hupfer, Svend Tveskæg, Guido, Papiro Nov 14 '14 at 19:15
There are either too many possible answers, or good answers would be too long for this format. Please add details to narrow the answer set or to isolate an issue that can be answered in a few paragraphs.If this question can be reworded to fit the rules in the help center, please edit the question.
According to Knuth et al:
and Halmos offers pretty much the same good advice,
There are three conflicting rules about this practice:
These rules are described in "Writing in the Age of LaTeX" by Andrew D. Hwang in Notices of the American Mathematical Society (1995, issue 42) on page 881 as follows:
This depends on the field. However, in maths, engineering and natural sciences, it is preferable to number all references because it eases discussion.
Use package
I think there is something in numbering also equations which you do not refer to: if it is a publication to be used by other, they might want to cite your work with some specific reference to a particular equation. However, that might clutter your document quite a bit and produces large numbers ;) So my private convention is to number all equation except those which are inside a proof-environment. I guess this is quite fair, because if someone else wants to make reference, she can do so by referring to the lemma/theorem/etc which, of course, has a number.
Inside proofs, one has of course also the need to make references to earlier steps of the proof. But here I use
Numbering all equations makes it easier for the reader to find a specific equation. If only important equations are numbered, then you can have pages without any numbered equation, so you cannot know whether the equation you are looking for is before or after that page.
The purpose of numbering equations is not to indicate which ones are important, but to ease navigation. Making important equations stand out can be achieved otherwise, for example by putting them in boxes.
I am surprised that some reference texts such as Krantz's book recommend not to number all equations, for no discernible good reason.


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7 Mind-Blowing Structures Built in Secret
#3. The Secret City of Arras
Reeling from the horrible losses of the World War I Battle of the Somme in 1916, British generals needed a new offensive strategy. So they turned their attention toward the town of Arras in northern France, where they would employ the little-known Dig Dug military tactic.
Inflating Germans to death and collecting fruit. That's the British way.
The first reason the town was valuable was simple geography: It was near the war front, and location is important whether you're slaughtering Germans or selling kitchenware. But the sneaky reason Arras caught their attention was its history. It was ancient and built over a sprawling network of cellars, tunnels and sewers, and the surrounding countryside was veined with vast underground caves where chalk had been mined during the Middle Ages. In a war that was mainly fought in the trenches, the British general realized that this could be an advantage.
"So we're thinking about something like this, only more claustrophobic and terrifying."
Tunnelers set to work connecting the subterranean web, and in a matter of months they had created two immense underground labyrinths capable of housing 25,000 troops and repositioning them wherever they wanted, since they were moving right beneath the feet of their unsuspecting enemy.
We assume they just made a little opening to the surface after a few months and let the stink chase the enemy away.
This was not just a collection of cramped tunnels and caves, either -- it was a fully functional underground city. The immense caverns were transformed into dormitories, kitchens, chapels, power stations (providing the city with electric lighting) and a hospital with enough capacity to treat 700 wounded. The connecting tunnels were large enough to allow soldiers to march out to battle in one direction, while stretchers were carried back into the caves from the other direction. There were even larger tunnel routes to accommodate a supply railway.
Daily Mail
Also, according to this, they went straight through the center of the Earth and out into New Zealand.
On April 9, 1917, a surprise attack was launched on the German lines from the secret city, with British troops spewing out of the ground like pissed off Morlock-lava. Within two days, the troops had made spectacular gains, advancing farther into enemy territory than the entire British Army had advanced in years. While the battle ended in a stalemate, it had to have at least fucked with the German army to see this spring out of the Earth from out of nowhere.
Daily Mail
"I hope they leave all the pooping in corners we did out of the history books."
#2. The Temples of Damanhur
More than 100 feet below ground, carved directly into the foothills of the Alps in northern Italy and only accessible from a small, unassuming house, lies an incredible secret.
Daily Mail
We know, this is starting out like a trailer for a horror movie.
According to Oberto Airaudi -- who prefers to go by Falco -- since the age of 10 he has experienced paranormal visions from "a past life" of amazingly intricate temples. While that might just sound like the ramblings of someone who smoked whatever Coleridge was on when he wrote "Kubla Khan," Falco has made it his lifelong goal to recreate his visions.
One night in August of 1978, Falco and some like-minded companions started digging into the mountainside. Over the next 14 years, they worked in four-hour shifts, using simple hand tools and sketches Falco had made of his vision. Rumors began circulating that something was going on under the house, and in 1992, police showed up at Falco's front door. When he wouldn't let them in, they threatened to use dynamite. Realizing that the cops were either serious or villains from a Disney movie, Falco and his fellow "Damanhurians" complied, leading the police through their secret door and into the mountain.
It took an hour to give the officials a tour through what they had built.
"You guys must take your acid through a goddamn funnel."
A maze wound through the rock, connecting seven huge, impossibly ornate temples, some with ceilings as high as 25 feet. Overcome with amazement at what they were seeing, the authorities revealed that they were in fact Disney villains, and seized the temples on behalf of the government. Falco was told to continue with the artwork, but that he must cease any further construction since he had not received planning permission. The Italian government later dubbed the temples "The Eighth Wonder of the World," and it's not hard to see why:
This wouldn't look out of place on a Yes album cover.
Tunnels and secret rooms wind miles down into the hillside. Each room was intricately designed in exact accordance with what must have been the craziest dream a 10-year-old child has ever had.
We can't even put together our new nightstand from IKEA without bellowing phrases so vile that our neighbors spontaneously burst into tears, and these people single-handedly built a whole new Wonder of the World. With hand tools.
"And we're going to have a mirror room, because fuck you, that's why."
While Falco is clearly inspired by something higher, the truly baffling part of this is that he did all this with friends working for free, out of the kindness of their own hearts, to make a grown-up's childhood vision a reality. We're all for lending a helping hand to our friends, but we're pretty sure we would have thrown down our tools after the first four-hour shift.
Daily Mail
We assume the New Age dancing ladies just sprang from nowhere when it was completed.
#1. The Manhattan Project's Secret Cities
In late 1942, the United States Army Corps of Engineers purchased 59,000 acres of countryside northwest of Knoxville, Tennessee, enough land to build four cities the size of Manhattan. If that wasn't enough to get the locals asking questions, next they built three massive facilities on the property. And when we say massive, we mean that one of them was the largest building in the world at that time.
Chicago Tribune
"If we all whisper, the fascists won't notice us."
Soon, 75,000 people flooded into town and began working there, and a mob of construction workers began erecting a city to house them. And still, nobody knew what the hell was going on. Even the people who worked at the giant facilities didn't know what was going on. Perhaps spookiest of all, despite having enough people to have its own minor league baseball team, the town didn't appear on any maps.
Perhaps the biggest mind fuck of all was how everyone learned just what the hell was going on: in the newspaper articles the day after the U.S. dropped the first atomic bomb on Japan.
"Huh, how about that. Paper says the war's over and I've been building a bomb that blurs the line between God and man."
The town in Tennessee, which would eventually be named Oak Ridge, wasn't the only secret city. As Oak Ridge was being built in Tennessee for the workers who produced the materials needed to construct the bombs, construction workers (who weren't told why they were building) were erecting another secret town in Los Alamos, New Mexico, northwest of Santa Fe. This new town, known as "Site Y" to military personnel, would provide a secluded home for the scientists and engineers involved in the project to complete their work.
Oh, and being conveniently located near the deserts of New Mexico comes in handy in case you need to, you know, explode an atomic bomb.
Here's Oppenheimer and crew bathing in the afterglow of goddamn ground zero of a goddamn atomic bomb test.
All in all, the Manhattan Project employed more than 130,000 people, many of whom lived in secret towns and had no idea what they were doing. If you were a science major around the time of the war, your first couple years out of college was like being on Lost.
Los Alamos is still home to the Los Alamos National Laboratory, one of the largest employers in New Mexico. Today, Oak Ridge is a fairly typical small town, except that they can chant, "We won WWII" any time their high school football team is getting its ass kicked.
For more mindblowing secrets, check out 6 Massive Secret Operations That Are Hidden All Around You and 7 Secrets Only Two Living People Know (For Some Reason).
And stop by LinkSTORM to learn where Cracked's secret hideout is.
And don't forget to follow us on Facebook and Twitter to get sexy, sexy jokes sent straight to your news feed.
Do you have an idea in mind that would make a great article? Then sign up for our writers workshop! Do you possess expert skills in image creation and manipulation? Mediocre? Even rudimentary? Are you frightened by MS Paint and simply have a funny idea? You can create an infograpic and you could be on the front page of Cracked.com tomorrow!


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Is there a way to print (or export, or save as PDF) all mail messages between specific dates in Gmail?
I realize I could probably do it through an email client, but I would rather be able to through the web interface that I use daily.
migrated from superuser.com Jul 23 '13 at 14:06
This question came from our site for computer enthusiasts and power users.
James Ferreira wrote a Chrome App for that and used Google Apps Script for it:
Gmail Print All PRO
It used to be free a charge, but nowadays a little fee is required. Program is said to have 22000 weekly users.
Note: I'm not affiliated to Gmail Print All PRO
I'm not sure how you would easily print all of the results, but you could find them by searching for:
Obviously, you would replace the dates with your own.


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What are some fundamental rules that you should have when you own a house with a pool and have young children?
In Australia it is the law that all pools have child safety gates around them. If that's not the case where you are from, I'd strongly suggest investing in one anyway, and being strict about keeping the gate closed.
From NSW Commission for Children and Young People
Teach your children very sternly that they are never to go anywhere near the pool without you, no running, etc., and of course teaching your children how to swim and all about water safety.
And the number of stories I have heard from parents who have just looked away for a moment, and then looked back and their child is in the water is so alarming. If you are supervising your kids, be sure that is exactly what you are doing (not reading a book, or anything else distracting).
Last of all, if you haven't taken a first aid course and learnt CPR, do it. The worst thing imaginable for me would to lose a child when I could have saved them if I had just spent that time to learn CPR.
One thing we tried which works well (assuming your children are old enough to have started to learn to write) was to have the children help write up the Swimming Pool Rules on a big piece of card or board. Then they help to fix these rules up somewhere near the pool.
The rules are the common sense things like "no swimming unsupervised", "no fighting" etc.
But the written notice helps them to understand that it's very very important, and having them responsible for creating the notice helps them to commit to it and take it seriously.
First, you need age-appropriate rules, so your children will understand and remember them. For example, "You are not allowed to go swimming without mommy or daddy" for a 3 year old, or "No horsing around near the pool" for a 6 year old.
Second, sign them up for swimming lessons, unless you're planning to hold them in your arms for the next several years whenever you're in the pool. In the long term, this is how you prevent drowning. Classes for children will emphasize water safety.
Third, CPR is very effective when performed by nurses and paramedics who do it for a living. It is rather less effective when performed by people who took a 2-hour class a few years ago.


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Rhiannon August 4, 2012
Siren Studios, Hollywood, CA
Watters Bridesmaids Dress style 6478 in Snapdragon.
From the Bride: Bridesmaids are such an important part of a wedding and as a Bride we want our Bridesmaids to feel comfortable and look beautiful in their dresses. Being a bridesmaid is about more than the dresses they wear and the flowers they hold. Being a bridesmaid is about the support they give. As much as I heard it said, I did not believe it, you really do see who your true friends are. I could not have asked for better friends than the ones who stood by me to support me on a very special day when I married the man I love. I know they will always be there as we continue our lives together.


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Our area received some welcome news Friday with the announcement of a $28 million investment into the Wheeling-Nisshin plant in Follansbee.
This investment will go toward equipment upgrades needed for the production of a new product line at the plant. Known as ZAM, and comprised of a mix of zinc, aluminum and magnesium, this new product was developed by the company and will mean a new source of revenue.
According to company officials, ZAM has a wide array of potential uses as it is up to 10 times stronger than existing steel coatings, and can, therefore, be used in a variety of products.
More importantly for this area, the product brings the potential for new jobs for our residents. That is great news and something we're sure people across the Ohio Valley are glad to hear.
In a time when we continue to see our industrial plants shut down and thousands facing layoffs, this announcement shows there are still some out there with a belief in the people of the Ohio Valley and a willingness to invest in the future of the region.
As Noboru Onishi, Wheeling-Nisshin president and CEO stated Friday, "We're spending $28 million because we see the potential. The potential, we think, is great."
We couldn't have said it any better. This is just the latest bit of good news for the Ohio Valley, and it shows that things very well could be turning around for us.
We may not be the steel-producing hub of years gone by, but if others see one company make such an investment in our future, it could convince them to do the same.
That's something we can all hope for.


text: By Roger Burkhardt, Ingres CEO. We have to speed up energy innovation to the pace demonstrated in the growth of the Internet if we are to prevent irreversible climate disruptions that will irreparably harm the planet for our children and all those that follow. The scale and speed of change... Read more


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Whether you need medical care for a sudden illness, help in managing a chronic condition or straightforward preventive care, such as annual physicals, well-child check-ups and immunizations, you can rely on your MultiCare primary care provider for the expert medical care you need to get well and stay healthy. Our neighborhood clinics offer convenient same-day or next day appointments. If you need care after-hours or on weekends, you can drop by any of our Urgent Care Clinics.
In addition to routine medical care, you can see our primary or urgent care providers for:
All MultiCare locations, from our numerous primary care clinics to our five South Sound hospitals, are linked by our electronic health record system. This means that any MultiCare provider who treats you has instant access to your medical information, which ensures that your care is safer, smarter and better coordinated. As a MultiCare patient, you, too, can access your medical information online by signing up for MyChart. You can enroll online or ask your MultiCare provider for more information.
If you are unsure which family care clinic is the one for you please visit When To Go To A Primary Care Provider, Urgent Care Or Emergency Department to learn more. If you would like more information on one of MultiCare's Family Care Clinics, please visit one of the clinic pages to the left or contact us at 800-342-9919.


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(For Phase One Fridays I highlight Phase One recipes from the past that have been my personal favorites. Right now my garden is producing more green beans than I can keep up with, and these lemony green beans are one of my favorite ways to use them.)
If you have a garden that's producing green beans, I enthusiastically advise that you bookmark this recipe and make it over and over again. I didn't even have garden beans when I first tried the recipe, but I made it three times with the French green beans that come from Costco. In fact, the first time I made it, I ended up eating a whole pound of green beans myself and calling it lunch! Thanks to Cheap Healthy Good for inspiring me to buy Moosewood Restaurant Simple Suppers, which is where I found this idea for my new favorite way to cook green beans!
Drain beans in a colander placed in the sink.
Lemony Green Beans (Green Beans with Lemon Juice and Lemon Zest)
1 tsp. salt
1 lb. fresh green beans, both ends trimmed
one large lemon (lemon zest and lemon juice)
1 1/2 T olive oil
salt and fresh ground black pepper to taste
Fill a medium-sized saucepan half full with water, add salt, and bring to a boil. When water boils, add beans, reduce heat to a gentle simmer and cook beans about 5 minutes, or until they are barely tender-crisp.
While beans cook, grate the zest and squeeze the juice from the lemon.
South Beach Suggestions:
Nutritional Information?
I chose the South Beach Diet to manage my weight partly so I wouldn't have to count calories, carbs, points, or fat grams, but if you want nutritional information for a recipe, I recommend entering the recipe into Calorie Count, which will calculate it for you.
More Great Ideas for Cooking Green Beans:
(Recipes from other blogs may not always be South Beach Diet friendly; check ingredients.)
World's Easiest Garlicky Green Beans Stir Fry from Kalyn's Kitchen
Stir-Fried Green Beans with Lemon, Parmesan, and Pine Nuts from Kalyn's Kitchen
Garlic Roasted Green Beans with Shallots and Almonds from Kalyn's Kitchen
Green Beans with Salsa from Simply Recipes
Spicy Green Beans with Ginger and Garlic from The Perfect Pantry
Toasted Almond Green Beans from Eliza Domestica
Chinese Style Green Beans from Cooking with Amy
Greek-Style Braised Green Beans with Lemon(Fasolakia) from Mediterranean Cooking in Alaska
(Want even more recipes? I find these recipes from other blogs using Food Blog Search.)
Blogger Disclosure:


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Home > Food > Recipes > Parsley-Pine Nut Condiment
Parsley-Pine Nut Condiment
Categories: On the Grill
Type: Condiments
Type: Condiments
This condiment is great served as an accompaniment for lamb, chicken, or fish, or sprinkled on grilled vegetables.
Serves: Makes about 1 cup
- 1/3 cup pine nuts
- 1/3 cup roughly chopped fresh parsley
- 1/4 cup extra virgin olive oil
- 1 tablespoon finely minced lemon zest
- 1 teaspoon minced fresh garlic
- Kosher salt and freshly cracked black pepper to taste
Save Recipe
Add to shopping list
- Toast the pine nuts in a shallow baking pan in a 350°F (180°C) oven until they are golden(5-10 minutes), or in a dry skillet over medium heat for 2-3 minutes, shaking frequently to avoid burning. Combine all the ingredients in a small bowl and mix well. This condiment is best used the day it is made, but it will keep, covered and refrigerated, for 3 days.
excerpted from:
Excerpted from Grill It!.
Copyright © 2008 Dorling Kindersley Limited.
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I have long been frustrated and unsatisfied with the setup I have at work. I have been running OpenSuSE 11.3 with great joy, but as it phased out of official existence I tried out 11.4, got lots of bugs, jumped on 12.1 with great expectations only to run into the madness that is Gnome3.
I have been using Mint 12 since then, but I feel it has certain odd bugs, even though I keep all packages up-to-date. I am considering Mint 13 or possibly switching back to OpenSuSE with XFCE, perhaps even trying out Fedora. Problem is that I can not keep fiddling around with my PC for days, in the middle of projects.
I am not a guru but by no means a complete newbie to the tux world either. I have migrated to a different distro a couple of times before but I find it to be rather tricky business. You take backups of everything, repartition the hdd to make sure the old setup is not destroyed in case the new distro doesn't work, so you can at least boot into the old one etc.
Is there a way to make the switch as painless and seamless as possible? How can I avoid losing my data both as documents etc, but also preferences/settings that I have fixed over the months/years?


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Art Department Newsletter (February/March)
February/March Newsletter
Written by Art student (watercolor, art history) Taylor Long
February/March Newsletter
Written by Art student (watercolor, art history) Taylor Long
Written by Art student (watercolor, art history) Taylor Long
The annual rankings include only some 25 percent of America's more than 2,000 four-year colleges and universities.
The intensive conference welcomes beginners, published writers, teachers, students, and anyone else who believes in the magic and power of the written word.
Spread the good news:
Share the good news!
Western Music professor, Dr. John Wacker, died in a vehicle crash on May 11.
The Western State Colorado University community is incredibly saddened by the tragic loss of Dr. John Wacker. John was a mentor, role model and friend to students, faculty and community members throughout the Gunnison Valley. He instilled a love of music and an ethic of hard work in students and friends alike. Our hearts and thoughts are with his family.
Dr. John Peterson, a Computer Science Professor and Wacker's friend, offered the following tribute:
If you have friends or family who cannot attend, tell them to watch the spring 2014 Commencement Ceremony online here!
Spread the good news:
Western's Environment & Sustainability and Business Administration programs jointly sponsored the event, reflecting its focus on not only ideas but also practical economic solutions.
"It's nice to celebrate poetry for an entire month," he says, "but events and passion for poetry go on year round."
Honors students took the chance to mingle with each other and benefactors. There are a total of 107 Honors Students this year and they hope the numbers will grow next year.
Depending on the time of year, there could be dozens of openings for Work-Study on campus. Now is the time to start watching for great summer opportunities and the early-bird positions for the fall.
Western's departments of Environment & Sustainability and Business, Accounting & Economics sponsor the event. Dr. Jonathan Coop, assistant professor of Biology and Environment & Sustainability, and Dr. Michael Vieregge, professor of Business Administration, organized the first conference last year, to provide a forum in the Gunnison Valley, where growers, distributors and end users would come together, exchange ideas and network.
The NCAA noticed as the red-shirt sophomore from Buena Vista wrestled in early March at its Division II Wrestling Championship in Cleveland. They honored him as one of the Elite 89 academic stars in NCAA Athletics. A dozen days earlier, he earned the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference's Summit Award for having the highest cumulative GPA of any wrestler competing in the conference tournament, which Western won for the first time since 2010.
It's now been 36 years since a team from the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory did. And the flapping of that little butterfly's wings sent ripples all the way to Washington – and beyond. The tiny creature joined the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Endangered Species list in 1991.
John Peterson, a professor of Computer Science, will join Andy Keck, Heidi Keck, Jeremy Muskat and Zach Treisman, all mathematicians, and Greg Haynes, professor of Music, on stage. They will rotate between presentations on math and musical performance, addressing tuning and temperament, phasing and periodic functions, sieves, chaos theory, and stochastic processes. Their presentations will include:
Over 900 people were in attendance, including Western Board of Trustees members Meyer Saltzman with his son Scott and grandson Travis. Along with Saltzman, board of trustees member Linda Morton, and Chair of the Board of Trustees, Todd Wheeler were both in attendance. Also attending the event was Western's newest President, Dr. Greg Salsbury and wife Marian along with Western Foundation Board member Terry Brace.
Spread the good news:
The memorial service to celebrate Dammion Heard's life, will begin at 7:30 p.m. and is open to everyone. Western's student-run radio station, KWSB, will be streaming the event live over the internet at www.kwsb.org.
The service will be followed by a candlelit procession to the University Center for refreshments at Mad Jack's. Grief counselors will be made available on the second floor of the University Center during that time.
GUNNISON, Colo. - Western State Colorado University mourns the tragic loss of freshman wrestler, Dammion Heard (Fr., Fort Worth, Texas) this week. Heard was a valuable member to the Mountaineer wrestling squad, Western Athletic Department and University community.
If such questions get your juices flowing, there's a unique place to seek answers, where you can actually start building a new future: Western State Colorado University in Gunnison. A coordinated double major in Environment & Sustainability and Business Administration now brings together not just innovative ideas but the knowledge to make them happen in the real world.
Spread the good news:
Western's spring 2014 Student Film Night is set for 7:30pm April 30 in the (Ruby Cinema) University Theater at the University Center. This year's celebration of student creativity will feature student-produced
Western State Colorado University's team in the NASA's Colorado Space Grant Consortium Robotics Challenge traveled to Great Sand Dunes National Park in early April to test their Mars-Rover-like robot, dubbed "Jack," against those from other colleges in the state. All did not go as hoped, but …
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What is the smartest way to compute the genus of a hyperelliptic curve $C: y^2 = f(x)$ (with $f$ a separable polynomial of degree $n> 3$ over a field $k = \bar{k}$ of characteristic $0$ (prob. characteristic unequal $2$ is enough). (Just to be precise, I am referring to the unique nonsingular curve proper over $k$ defined by this equation.)
There are two ways I can think of, but neither is very clean. I'm wondering if this can (or cannot?) be avoided.
$\textbf{More detail:}$
We have the equation $z^{n-2}y^2 = z^n f(x/z) \subset \mathbb{P}^2$. Just to be precise, let's call this singular planar model of $C$ by $D$. The rational map from $\phi: \mathbb{P}^2 \rightarrow \mathbb{P}^1: (x,y,z) \mapsto (x,z)$ is of degree $2$ on $D$, and well-defined on the curve $D$ (except at the point $(x,y,z) = (0,1,0)$). Computing the ramification (outside this point, which is the unique singular point of $D$) is trivial, the entire issue is really just to determine the ramification at the (blow-up) of this point.
Note that the image of $\phi|_D$ is the complement of the point $(1,0) \in \mathbb{P}^1$.
$\textbf{Method 1}$: We can blow up the unique singular point $(0,1,0) \in D$ enough times, find the number of points of the strict transform, and that settles the issue. Even if the degree of $f$, $n$ is $6$ this seems like a lot of work!
$\textbf{Method 2}$: Let $P = (0,1,0)$. Then, compute the invariant $\delta_P$, where $\delta_P = \textrm{length}( \tilde{\mathcal{O}}_{D,P}/ \mathcal{O}_{D,P})$. Then, $p_a(D) - \delta_P(D) = p_a(C)$. It's of course easy to compute the arithmetic genus $p_a$ of $D$, since this we can change to a non singular element of the relevant linear system, and then compute the genus of a ns planar curve. But, is it easy to compute $\delta_P$?
What's the easiest way to compute the genus?


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The 6 Most Idiotic Police Standoffs of All Time
Police standoffs in movies are always cool, with lots of tension, ticking clocks and often ending with Bruce Willis throwing a European through a window.
Real life, as we so often see, is much, much stupider.
#6. Retarded Rambo Defused by the Power of Beer and Generosity
Thomas Clemens took his wife, her friend and their twin infant daughters hostage, thereby scoring a 4x "women and children" innocent victim combo bonus. The police found him with an AK-47 in one hand, a 12-gauge in the other, a Glock and a Magnum tucked into his waistband--and presumably the most terrified pair of testicles in the world just below the barrels.
This was a serious problem for the police, who know there are many ways a situation like this can go wrong, and not a lot where it can go right. Then sergeant Richard Horner asked "Wait a minute... what if he's retarded?"
Horner, hereafter to be known as Saint Manly the King, approached Mr. Clemens, who was adding to his "Armed Asshole Of The Year" resume by swigging beer with one hand while waving automatic weapons around with the other (alas, he failed to mix the two up, thereby saving the world the hassle).
Horner casually asked Thomas if he could have a swig of the beer.Thomas figured "Hey, this guy likes beer like I do--and he has a gun like I do! Maybe these police fellas aren't so bad!" When he leaned over to share the beer, the cops piled on and violent subduing ensued.
"Where did I go wrong? I guess I'll never know."
Nobody was hurt, and Thomas had to live with the fact that he probably could have held out if he had just been a little more of an alcoholic.
#5. Outnumbered 60 to Nothing
When a Michigan sheriff and two deputies went to serve a warrant on John Shulick, he didn't react well. He came down the stairs, smashed the sheriff in the face with the butt of a shotgun, then sprinted back inside. Police from all over the area sped to the scene, and the standoff was on.
More than 60 cops showed up, guns trained on the building. All roads were closed. People huddled in their homes, anticipating the well-armed madman going out in a Scarface-style hail of bullets.
Hours passed. The man wouldn't respond to pleas, orders or threats. He wouldn't say anything at all, in fact. The siege dragged on for 35 hours. It seemed as if nothing would break the will of this psychopath. The police fired tear gas canisters, presumably to relieve the monotony, but there was no response, mainly since Shulick's furniture is incapable of human speech.
"But we do know how to love."
That is to say, Shulick wasn't home. What the cops didn't know was after his confrontation with the sheriff, he bolted out of a back door to the building. The cops had been having a tense standoff with an empty apartment. A confused Shulick was apprehended shortly thereafter hiding on a neighbor's boat.
We guess it could have been worse. They could have found out they were having a standoff with a cardboard cutout, as cops in New Jersey did.
#4. Daycare Bomber Demands a Very Special Episode
John Knight did what many men dream of doing: he took a lawyer hostage. But to ruin whatever popular support that may have earned him, he also threatened to detonate a bomb he had with him, in downtown Jacksonville (an area including a daycare, if you're looking for pro-tips on making terrorism even worse).
He didn't want a million dollars, or the release of his comrades, or for the FBI to cut the power so that he could break into a secret vault and steal millions of dollars.
No, he wanted the judge who sentenced him to one day of jail, five years ago, to resign. And he wanted her to do it on live TV. And if you think the lawyer he was holding hostage had anything to do with her or that case, you vastly overestimate the intelligence of the armed assholes.
You may be surprised to learn that Judge Tanner did what the guy asked, issuing the resignation right into Channel 4 cameras. It ended the standoff and Mr. Knight was apprehended, presumably being pretty damned proud of himself. Unfortunately for him, the law allows for people to say things on TV that aren't actually true. The only person who thought the judge saying "I resign" into a camera made the resignation legally binding was the crazy man.
"I would also like the spacemen on my television to take me on adventures with them, please."
We'd better watch out for his release, though. If he threatened to blow up a building after one day in jail, he's going to need the country's entire nuclear arsenal when he gets out this time.


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In addition to the generous donation to The Field Museum of the artifacts in the collection, the Boone family also donated money to finance student internships each year: the Boone Scholars Internships for East Asian Studies.
These paid internships allow highly qualified candidates the opportunity to study at The Field Museum and research Anthropology collections from Japan, Korea, China, and elsewhere in the eastern part of Asia.
Interns engage in a wide variety of tasks, ranging from individual research to assisting collections management teams with the upkeep and maintenance of the collection. Past interns have also been involved in the creation of grants for East Asian materials, newspaper publication, and web design. (The Boone Collection website was created by the first Boone interns, Yuhang Li and Brandon Olsen and updated by Juan Peng, Rob Nalewajk, Helena Stenberg, and Stev Weidlich, subsequent Boone interns).
Priority for acceptance is given to those who are juniors or seniors at the time of application, but recent graduates will also be considered. Applicants must attend/have attended a public or private college or university in Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, or Ohio, maintain at least a 3.0 GPA, and have a strong interest in East Asian Studies. If these qualifications remain fulfilled, interns may reapply for consecutive Boone Scholarships the following year. No individual may hold more than two Boone Scholar Internships during his or her career. Applications may be sent to:
The Field Museum
Human Resources Dept.
1400 S. Lake Shore Dr.
Chicago, IL 60605-2496


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I opened Wine configuration page for the first time while music was playing in the background. Just when I opened the Audio tab, the sound stopped working and Wine alerted me about my audio driver. Now my PC has no sound!
What should I do to get back audio? I don't need audio in Wine.


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Home > Ford > Ford Edge 2011
Below you will find the high resolution car wallpaper for Ford Edge 2011. You may use the car wallpaper for any of the following widescreen screen resolutions:
1920x1200 | 1680x1050 | 1440x900 | 1280x800
Ford Edge 2011
The 2011 Ford Edge now aims to redefine the segment with a wide-ranging scope of improvements. "The new Edge demonstrates how a refresh at Ford has become more than just a few design and interior tweaks," explains Elaine Bannon, chief engineer. "We have taken every element of the Edge and completely reworked it, including three new powertrains, two new transmissions, a bold new exterior design and a completely new interior. If you add in our industry-exclusive MyFord Touch system, you have a vehicle that will continue to stand out above all the competition on the road."


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As part of the Robert Lehman Lectures on Contemporary Art,
Christopher Phillips will lecture on the work of Gerhard Richter at Dia
Center for the Arts, 548 West 22nd Street, New York City, on Thursday,
October 19, 1995. The lecture will begin at 6:30 p.m. Admission is
This lecture is organized in conjunction with the exhibition of Gerhard Richter's work Atlas, at Dia's main exhibition facility, 548 West 22nd Street, on view through March 1996. Atlas is an ongoing, monumental, encyclopedic work composed of approximately 4,000 photographs, reproductions or details of photographs and illustrations, grouped together on over 600 separate panels. Certain images in this work closely parallel subjects in Richter's painting, revealing the orderly but open-ended analysis central to his art.
Christopher Phillips is senior editor at Art in America. He is co-author (with Maria Morris Hambourg) of The New Vision: Photographs from the Ford Motor Company Collection (1989), and editor of the companion anthology Photography in the Modern Era. His recent publications include essays on Raoul Hausmann and Andy Warhol, and an essay on Joseph Beuys in Dia's Joseph Beuys, Arena where would I have got if I had been intelligent! (1994).
Funding for the lecture series has been provided by a generous grant from the Robert Lehman Foundation, Inc. Funding for "Gerhard Richter: Atlas," has been provided by the Lannan Foundation, with additional generous support from: Lufthansa German Airlines; Doris and Don Fisher; Mimi and Peter Haas; Linda and Harry Macklowe; Ann Tenenbaum and Thomas H. Lee; and the members of the Dia Art Council and Art Circle.
* * *
For additional information or materials contact:
Press Department, Dia Art Foundation, firstname.lastname@example.com or 212 293 5518


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What's the difference between a projection and a datum?
locked by PolyGeo♦ May 27 at 5:46
This question's answers are a collaborative effort: if you see something that can be improved, just edit the answer to improve it! No additional answers can be added here
Geographic coordinate systems (lat/long) are based on a spheroidal (either truly spherical or ellipsoidal) surface that approximates the surface of the earth. A datum typically defines the surface (ex radius for a sphere, major axis and minor axis or inverse flattening for an ellipsoid) and the position of the surface relative to the center of the earth. An example of a datum is NAD 1927, described below
All coordinates are referenced to a datum (even if it is unknown). If you see data in a geographic coordinate system, such as GCS_North_American_1927, it is unprojected and is in Lat/Long, and in this case, referenced to the NAD 1927 datum.
A Projection is a series of transformations which convert the location of points on a curved surface(the reference surface or datum) to locations on flat plane (ie transforms coordinates from one coordinate reference system to another).
The datum is a integral part of the projection, as projected coordinated systems are based on geographic coordinates, which are in turn referenced to a datum. It is possible, and even common for datasets to be in the same projection, but be referenced to different datums, and therefore have different coordinate values. For example, the State Plane coordinate systems can be referenced to either NAD83 and NAD27 datums. The transformations from geographic to projected coordinates are the same, but as the geographic coordinates are different depending on the datum, the resulting projected coordinates will also be different.
Also, projecting data may result in a datum conversion as well, for example, projecting NAD_1927 data to Web Mercator will require a datum shift to WGS 84. Similarly, it is possible to convert data from one datum to another without projecting it, as with the NGS's NADCON utility, which can shift coordinates from NAD27 to NAD83.
Example of a point's coordinates referenced to different datums
Coordinates referenced to NAD_1927_CGQ77
Same point referenced to NAD_1983_CSRS
You will obviously get better answers from textbooks, but here is an simple explanation:
Map Projection: It is a method for representing a spherical or curved surface on a flat plane.
Datum: It is the reference or origin based on which measurements are made.
After struggling with this question ten years ago, and finding many confusing things written about the topic, I published a brief article in Directions Magazine that presented an answer as simply, plainly, and accurately as I could make it. The following is excerpted from that article.
Reprojecting geographic features
Two things must happen when you draw a map: features in the real world must be "georeferenced" to a spheroid and the spheroid must be projected onto the paper.
The spheroid models the shape of the earth's surface. It is an idealization that does not account for local changes in topography.
Georeferencing assigns locations (in three dimensions!) to points on a spheroid.
Projecting is an operation that mathematically distorts and shrinks a portion of the spheroid onto flat paper. Projecting can be undone ("inverted"). "Unprojection" expands a feature on a map and plasters it back onto the spheroid.It, too, is a mathematical operation.
Georeferencing is done with a datum. A datum is usually given by a starting point and direction: it specifies where a clearly identifiable point on earth (the base point) should appear on the spheroid and it shows where a base direction, such as north, points on the spheroid at the base point. The base point and direction allow surveyors to determine the distance and angle of any other point on the earth. Moving in the corresponding direction on the spheroid for the same distance determines where the new point should go on the spheroid.
Spheroids have coordinates. They are latitude and longitude. (Geodetic) latitude is the angle made by a vertical line to the horizontal. It is not necessarily the same angle made by "straight up," because the latter is distorted by gravitational variation over the earth. It is not necessarily the angle made by a line to the center of the earth, because most spheroids have an elliptical cross-section, not a circular one.
Therefore, georeferencing endows points near the earth with latitude, longitude, and height coordinates.
(Subsequent sections discuss Change of datum, How to relate two maps, The wrong way to do it, and North America is a special case.)
wwnick's answer is correct, but it is a bit misleading in the sense that it emphasizes ellipsoid parameters and IMO understates the importance of 'the position of the surface relative to the center of the earth' - the NAD 1927 example needs to mention that the geodetic "center" of NAD27 is a base station at Meades Ranch in Kansas.
One could have (and often that's the case, especially with the increasing popularity of WGS84/GRS80 ellipsoid) several different datums based on the exact same ellipsoid parameters. The reason for this is that while the WGS 84 datum is OK globally since its surface is set to provide minimal average shifts due to tectonic movements across the globe, there's room for improvement on the local scale, where the reference can be fixed to some local reference point or at least to the local tectonic plate (e.g. ETRS, which is fixed to continental Europe)
One could explain datum simply as "an agreement on the coordinate system type, shape and its absolute position and orientation relative to some well-known or well-defined real-world reference". The coordinate system doesn't even have to be ellipsoidal (e.g. Vertical datum, which is usually defined by saying that the height of some fixed point is such, and all other heights will be measured relative to this point).
Geographic projections are a way of showing the curved surface of the Earth on a flat surface like a piece of paper...
From the Manifold user documentation:
I wrote an in-depth article on this on my blog here: http://www.sharpgis.net/post/2007/05/05/Spatial-references2c-coordinate-systems2c-projections2c-datums2c-ellipsoids-e28093-confusing
It covers all these concepts in a hopefully easy to understand manner, and has been peer-reviewed by several.
To sum it up: A datum is a definition of the size, orientation and position of an ellipsoid used as an approximation of the earths shape. It uses reference points on the surface to define it's placement and orientation, based on a date (which is why a number is in there for the year it was defined to account for tectonic plate movements). Datums are used in both spherical long/lat and projected coordinate systems. Consider it a reference point for your coordinates and ellipsoidal heights (ie where's the primemeridian, equator, and what's the height relative to the ellipsoid which isn't the mean sea level). Different datums are used different places because some fit some areas better than others.
A projection is a formula used to convert long/lat coordinates into a flat coordinate system that you can use on paper or a computer screen. It's usually done from a geographic coordinate system, which in turn uses a datum as it's base definition. So the datum affects all of it. Projecting data creates a lot of distortion of the real world, so it really should only be done when putting your map data on a flat map, or you want to work in a "simpler" coordinate system and can live with the distortions.
Using the wrong datum could result in your data being offset up to about a mile, so it's quite important to know the datum if you're mixing data together.
This won't compete with wwnicks answer and not rigorous, but the visualization I present to people, when asked, is the relationship between a string connected to a ball. Changing the projection is often like moving the 'loose' end of the string around, but still connected to the same point on the ball. Changing the datum is like changing the location of the ball. This might help those visual types.
Think of projection as seeing your location on X/Y plane. Datum defines the reference point from where all measurements were made. Say you are located somewhere and need to tell your location to someone. You would say, i am X lat and Y long. This X and Y are deterministic because they are being referred from the Datum. The other person now knows that you are X-lat and Y-Long away from Datum. If you are a newbie, dont concentrate too much on Datum characteristics. Just remember that its the location from where all measurements are made.
We should remember the earth is not a simple sphere, if it was, we need one datum "= One calculation system to find a point on earth", earth is more ellipsoid, but not exactly. Earth is an astronomic geoid without a regular shape, so we may have many ways to calculate coordination of a point in this irregular 3D object, with many opinions and concepts, each one is a datum.
ICSM's Fundamentals of Mapping page on Datums 1 – The Basics can be visited for more information.
In short, a projection is used to 'flatten' the earth used for maps. A datum is a point of reference. A projection uses the datum as a point of reference, it's location on Earth.
In GIS, there are two types of "coordinate systems": Geographic Coordinate System (latitude and longitude) and Projected Coordinate System (X and Y). Both geographic coordinate system's and projected coordinate systems use a datum for reference.
In other words, the datum is used to determine the point of origin on Earth by referencing a central point inside a 'model' of Earth.
Just a comment on the diagram that is trying to illustrate a projection from a sphere. Rather that what is illustrated, imagine a light source at the center of the sphere. The shadow of the polygon "projected" onto a flat piece of paper outside of the sphere is in essence a type of projection. To me the diagram is implying a projection is like a reflected surface which is an incorrect way to visualize what is happening.
Also, at least in the ESRI world, georeferencing is not applying points to a sphere. Georeferencing is assigning a known planar (projected) coordinate system to either a raster or vector dataset that has originated from either a scanning or digitizing operation in which a 'local' coordinate system was first applied. "Local" in this case simply means the coordinates were made up with no reference to a real world coordinate system. That is, a map may have originally been hand digitized where the person decided the lower left coordinate of the map had an XY value of (0,0). Georeferencing is the process of assigning a set of real world (projected) coordinates to the original. If this process is applied to a photograph or scanned map then the georeferencing process will often warp the original image to fit within the set of reference points that have been assigned real world planar coordinates. This "georeference warping" is not the same as the distortions created when projecting from a sphere onto a plane. "Georeference warping" is all about correcting distortions produced by either the camera or scanner. When projecting a feature from a spherical surface to a planar surface there is always a distortion created in distance, area, scale, and bearing. You choose a projection to minimize one or more of these distortions, depending on the intended purpose of the map.
As to the strings on a ball illustration and changing the datum, rather than strings I would use pencils of various lengths that start from a point on the sphere and end on a flat piece of paper. The outer ends of the pencils represent the projected points. In a sense, changing the geographic coordinate system (datum for this discussion) is analogous to rotating the sphere on one more axis to a new position. The concept works only for isolated areas on the earth. That is for NAD27 to WGS84 it applies pretty well to the 48 contiguous states of the USA but not for Canada or Alaska. For those areas you have to correct the NAD 27 datum first and then make the NAD7 to WGS84 move. Whereas for NAD83 to WGS84 the concept works for most of North America.


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18 Oct 2011 5:10 AM #1
Answered: Store - Ext.define or Ext.create ?
Hi all,
A question about the new way of using the store object.
Past in Sencha 1.x, we used Ext.reg() for define and create the store.
Now in Sencha 2.x, we must use Ext.define, but this method only "define" the store, doesn't create it.
My question is can we use Ext.create("Ext.data.store",{config}) in replacement of Ext.reg() ?
Is it right to do this ? or a when must we "create" the store ? in controller init function ?
In the MVC structure you want to use Ext.define. The Application will load the store and then automatically instantiate it.
18 Oct 2011 5:38 AM #2
Ext.define is used to define a Class where Ext.create is used to create an instance of a Class. So, if you want to create a new class extending Ext.data.Store, then go for Ext.define. If you want to create an instance of Store (which is your case I suppose), go for Ext.create.Swarnendu
Co-founder & Lead Architect @ Innofied
I blog at http://www.swarnendude.com
18 Oct 2011 7:43 AM #3
Eg.reg is gonehttps://moduscreate.com/wp-content/t...es/favicon.png
Jay Garcia @ModusJesus || Modus Create co-founder
Ext JS in Action author
Sencha Touch in Action author
Get in touch for Ext JS & Sencha Touch Touch Training
19 Oct 2011 7:05 AM #4
- Join Date
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In the MVC structure you want to use Ext.define. The Application will load the store and then automatically instantiate it.


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The 2009 SELECT (Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial) study prospectively randomized over 35,000 men into 4 groups: selenium (200 μg/day) with matching placebo; vitamin E (400 IU/day) with matching placebo; both agents; or placebo. This study was halted due to lack of efficacy for risk reduction with no potential for benefit. While preliminary evaluation revealed essentially non-significant data, the safety monitoring committee expressed concern regarding an increased risk of prostate cancer in the group receiving vitamin E close to statistical significance, and a non-significant increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the selenium plus placebo group.
Following the initial trial, observation continued, with each group having greater than 13,000 person-years of follow-up. There were 521 additional cases of prostate cancer detected since the original study was published. The hazard ratio in the group of men given vitamin E who developed prostate cancer was 1.17; that for the selenium group was 1.09; that for the group who received vitamin E plus selenium was 1.05. The authors concluded absolute increased risks of prostate cancer per 1000 person-years of 1.6 for the vitamin E group; 0.8 for the selenium group; and 0.4 for the group who received both vitamin E and selenium.
Detection and prevention of prostate cancer remains an important public health goal on the worldwide level. The authors noted that these results differ from previous studies on the relationship between vitamin E supplementation and prostate cancer risk. The ATBC (Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene) trial reported a 35% risk reduction in men who took 50mg/day of vitamin E over an average period of 6.1 years. The reported 17% increased risk of prostate cancer in the SELECT trial follow-up suggests not only the potential for harm through vitamin E supplementation, but as the authors also claim, there is a great need for consumers to be surveillant of the potential health benefit claims of unregulated over-the-counter products that may claim to be beneficial to overall health and cancer prevention.
Klein EA, Thompson IM, Tangen CM, et al. Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer. JAMA 2011;306(14):1549-56.