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Lubin School of Business
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With your BBA and MBA in Accounting, you'll be prepared for a lifetime of success in any number of professional settings-from one of the Big Four accounting firms, to Wall Street, to main street, and virtually everywhere in between. You'll have the intellectual foundation, the real-world savvy, and the professional connections that will get you to where you want to go. Here's what to expect from the combined BBA/MBA program in accounting:
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After making occasional appearances as a sophomore and junior, Trinity High defensive end Bobby Bryant has emerged as one of the Rocks' most consistent performers.
The 5-foot-11, 220-pounder has 12 tackles and a sack through two games, but most of his contributions never make it to the stat sheet.
"Bobby Bryant is probably every coach's dream," said Trinity coach Bob Beatty. "He's just one of those guys that works his tail off. He will compete with you on every single down."
Bryant is also the reigning state wrestling champion at 195 and owns a career 116-15 record on the mat. He went 47-4 last season with no losses to in-state competition.
"Bobby is a blue-collar, hard-nosed kid," said Rocks wrestling coach Richard Brown. "He's going to be a success whether it's in the sports world or not."
Several colleges have expressed interest in Bryant, including Lindsey Wilson for both sports and Valparaiso, Butler, Davidson and Centre for football.
Following a recent practice, Bryant fielded questions about the young season and his role in maintaining Trinity's dominance.
Chris Cahill: When did you get your start in football?
Bobby Bryant: When I was about five I started out in the Optimist League with the Highview Mustangs and then I played at St. Raphael through middle school (while a student at Jefferson County Traditional Middle School).
C.C.: What makes a good defensive end?
B.B.: You've just got to beat the man across from you and fire off quick. Then you've got to work together with the other D-linemen and the linebackers and really the whole defense. We've got a great set of D-linemen.
C.C.: How has wrestling improved your football skills?
B.B.: A big part is endurance and going through pain. Wrestling is a lot of cardio and takes a lot of lungs. It really pushes you past your limit and teaches you that you can go farther than your body thinks. Wrestling is all with your hands and reading people so that's helped a lot.
C.C.: Are there any pros you mimic?
B.B.: Bill Romanowski. Before all the steroids and stuff, he was an extremely hard worker. The amount of time and effort he put in was ridiculous and his dedication to football was crazy.
C.C.: Trinity's defense allowed only 8.3 points per game last season, but has already given up 46 in just two games. Is that cause for concern?
B.B.: I don't think it's necessarily our defense's fault. The other teams have had a lot of weapons. We've faced some really athletic receivers, running backs and quarterbacks. Our defense is still doing good.
C.C.: Which is more difficult – pinning a wrestling opponent or sacking a QB?
B.B.: They're so hard, but so different. I'd probably say a sack. That's the most satisfying and you can change the whole tone and speed of the game with a big play for a loss of yards. Any time it happens, I just get chills.
C.C.: What do you think is the biggest misconception people have of Trinity football?
B.B.: I don't think they really know the time and effort that we put in. We work out almost every day of the summer and we put in so many hours and the coaches put in even more than we do. It's pretty crazy how much we put into it.
C.C.: Who is the best offensive lineman you've ever faced?
B.B.: That's a tough question. Probably the O-line that we had the past two years. That was an awesome group of guys and I really battled with them (in practice).
C.C.: What do you make of the national polls (in which Trinity is generally ranked among the top 20)?
B.B.: I think it's an honor that they notice us and the hard work we put in, but I don't know if it's all that accurate because we don't play any of the other teams (in the rankings). I think it motivates us, but we're really just worried about winning a state championship.
C.C.: How did it feel to win two state titles in a span of three months last season?
B.B.: It was awesome. I really couldn't have had a better year in sports. I won fantasy football too (laughs).
C.C.: How does your fantasy team look this year?
B.B.: I don't have near as good a team as last year. I'm hoping Peyton Manning will do his thing and make a big comeback (because) I've got him at quarterback.
Bryant and the rest of the Shamrocks (2-0) host Cincinnati Elder (2-0) Friday at 7:30 p.m.
Contact columnist Chris Cahill at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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While every child is born with her own distinct personality, and many factors affect the person she will eventually become, birth order can often play a role in defining a person's characteristics. Read on to find out what you might expect from your little one if she displays the typical traits of her birth order.
The youngest child
Youngest children are often, quite simply, spoiled. Parents tend to baby the youngest child of the family more, and older siblings will sometimes join in as well. Overall, discipline with the youngest tends to be a little more lax, and parents are more likely to give in to the child's demands. (This might be out of sheer exhaustion—sometimes seasoned parents just don't have the energy to argue points that aren't life or death.) Consequently, the baby of the family can become a bit of a wild child.
Like the middle child, the youngest might try to rebel against her older siblings' likes and hobbies (particularly if the youngest is a second child) and really strive toward her own identity. The baby is often the clown of the family—lastborns tend to be very funny and enjoy the attention they get from entertaining people. (Comedians are often the babies of their families.) "Youngest children can be very silly, sometimes overly so," states Susan Bartell, PsyD. And even though the youngest siblings are usually the most babied, they are often the children that grow up the fastest, particularly around the preteen years, possibly because they are exposed to more with older siblings in the house.
Another common trait amongst family babies is their ability to turn on the charm. They are usually not as well behaved as their older brothers and sisters, but are commonly very affectionate and loving. Don't be surprised if your firstborn exhibits characteristics of a middle child, or your middle child those of a youngest. Although many traits are common based on birth order, all children have their own unique ways of adapting to their places in the family. No matter where they might fall in line with their siblings, children are happiest when they feel included, accepted and, most importantly, loved.


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I can't find any information on what a conservative or intersective function is.
For any set A, a function F from P(A) into [P(A) -> {T,F}] is conservative iff....? I don't mean to ask for the raw answer, but any general ideas on where I can look would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!
I can't find any information on what a conservative or intersective function is.
From Edward L. Keenan, Some Logical Properties of Natural Language Quantifiers, in Joseph Almog and Paolo Leonardi, The Philosophy of David Kaplan:
Section 2.1.1, Def. 2 (with a slight change in notation):
Prop. 1, which they say is the usual definition:
(It appears that that last expression is short for $D(A)(B)=D(A)(A\cap B)$.)
Section 2.2.1, Def. 3:
$D$ here is a determiner, or generalized quantifier.
For more information, see the paper The Semantics of Determiners (pp. 11-13 for conservativity and intersectivity) and the brief survey Quantifiers: Semantics here. (Probably several other papers are relevant as well.)


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Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit The IMAX Experience
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|Running time:
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Their Holinesses
In Sunday's New York Times "Week in Review" section, an article by David Gibson asked, "Should any pope be made a saint?" The headline posed a question much easier to answer: "Is Every Pontiff a Saint?" Obviously not. But Rome's recent history of proposing popes as candidates for canonization suggests that the most pertinent query may be a combination of the above: Should every recent pope be made a saint?
John Paul II beatified Pius IX, the 19th-century pope who is a polarizing figure because of his belief in the power of the papacy and his views on Judaism. But like Benedict, John Paul did a little ticket-balancing. He simultaneously beatified the popular John XXIII, who convened the liberalizing Second Vatican Council in 1962. The canonization process for Paul VI, who followed John XXIII, is underway, and there is a campaign to beatify John Paul I, who reigned a mere 33 days before his death in 1978.This trend, by some accounts, is creating several problems. One is that it can dilute the meaning of sainthood; all who die and go to heaven are saints, but those officially recognized as such by the church are exalted as worthy of veneration and imitation. Is every pope such an exemplar? Moreover, by canonizing predecessors a reigning pope elevates the throne he himself occupies and practically ensures that his successor one day will declare him a saint as well as if sanctity were an award for becoming pope.
Do we need to make saints out of even the holiest recent popes -- all of them (with the exception of John Paul I!) far from obscure? The drawbacks are obvious. What are the benefits?
About the Author
Mollie Wilson O'Reilly is an editor at large and columnist at Commonweal.
44 comments
- All
- Editor Featured
Pope-worship is one of the less attractive features of Catholicism. The current move to canonize popes (after a long hiatus--how many years from Pius V to Pius X?) seems to me unfortunate. It gives support to oracularism, the too simple view that when we hear the bishop of Rome speak we are hearing nothing other than the voice God, vox papae vox dei. it must surely be a bar to the reunion of honest Christians.
In the old days, martyrdom alone was a sufficient manifestation for sanctity. Even now, with the lengthy process, martyrs may be beatified (though not canonized) without the usual miracle being attributed.Martyrdom seems relatively simple and quick compared to the long, slow tasking of the modern papacy.
It just seems to me that canonization should be rooted in the people. If a cultus springs up organically, then the canonization process provides a valuable filter, to ask skeptical questions and document the life, deeds, words, attributed miracles, etc. Being touted by a public figure in the hierarchy or on ETWN doesn't qualify as a cultus, though! Media manipulation could easily distort the process, istm.
Mollie, kind of you to post this--the story line/debate is pretty familiar to most dotCommoners from previous threads here. But there are many interesting aspects to the issue, one of which, to my mind, is prompted by the Vatican statement last month defending the declration of Pius' heroic virtue. It says, in part, that "the evaluation essentially concerns the witness of Christian life that the person showed (his intense relationship with God and continuous search for evangelical perfection...) and not the historical impact of all his operative decisions."As I wrote in the NYT, that seems to impose a false division between piety and deeds. Or does it? On one level, I'd certainly say most every pope of recent times has been saintly in the sense of a devout and pious and "good" Catholic. Certainly an improvement from the Borgias etc. But is that enough to make them a saint? Then again, the Vatican statement goes on to effectively say the Church has already determined that Pius' actions were virtuous as well. And Benedict has said as much, as reiterated as much during his Sunday synagogue visit. So there seems to be a bit of confusion--that the question of canonization centers of the pope's spiritual life not his deeds, but also on his historical actions. I think the latter should be part of any consideration, whether of Pius XII of Alcide de Gasperi or any world leader involved in public life. But then that would open the judgment to critiques from historians, and would mitigate for allowing full access to the wartime archives and a longer time frame to assess them before moving on. Anyway, it seems a muddle. I agree with others that it's best to be a local cultus--and I think John Paul II certainly has an edge with the Poles.
David asksk this issue at the end of his article: ". . . the question of what a modern pope should be a leader of the church or a model of sanctity?"ISTM this shouldn't be an either/or issue. A holy pope is one who does what needs doing, whether that is being a diplomat resisting oppressive governments, or making Church charities more efficient, or rethinking theological issues, or reforming the the hierarchy or reforming the whole Church. Whatever.To answer the question I think we need to ask first: what is saintliness? It seems to me that at least since the 19th century saintliness has to a large extent been confused with piety, with personal religious practices and prayer. Goodl action for others didn't form a big part of the definition, and there was a tendency to a Pharasaical attitude. Today the definition, especially among the young people emphasizes action -- volunteering to help the poor, political action to implement social justice, etc. JP II would score extremely high in this regard.Is sanctity a matter of being a totally good person? Or can a saint be extremely good in some ways but not in others? Consider Pius XII. What he strongly in solidarity with the Jews but unable to do much for them publicly, perhaps out of weakness, perhaps out of circumstances, perhaps both.Then we have to ask: are some virtues more important than others? How holy is a sharp-tongued person who lives for the poor? (Consider Leon Bloy and Dorothy Day.)Complexity, complexity.
The theory of whether the pope(s) should be canonized is one thing.If a Pope is poor at governance but seems personally to be pious, is that enough? I don't think the answefe to that is clear.The current practice seems to operate outside of theory, however, and be driven by making (as Joe G. pointed out) the leader of the Church equal to the man of holiness thus undergirding his power - especially at a time of real issues.Despite the warm and fuzzy coverage by Mr. Allen of BXVI's visit to the Rome synagougue, the Pius XII matter rankles many.There'a report from Ireland on line that BXVI's pastoral to the Irish Church will not deal with Church governance problems.These and other issues cloud Benedict's leadership, which in turn will question his sanctity as the current m.o. of papal canonization proceeds.Thus I think real history as well as theory is important in whether Pius XIII, JPII or BXVI(down the road) are worthy candidates.Beyond all that, of course, is the argument heard several times on other threads that we need more lay and less clergy saints as exemplars.
I agree with jim Pauwels. The Vatican is making canonization into a political mess. It should be returned to the grassroots.When there is sufficient evident of a local cultus, the local bishop should be empowered to make a decision whether to recognize that cultus and add that person to the local calendar. After a certain period, the Vatican could then decide whether to add that person to the universal calendar. Done, finished. The centralization of this process has removed the participation of the people and turned it into a lobbying opportunity far removed from what canonization has meant in the past.And as far as making all the popes official saints, I have some thoughts on that as well
DavidI read the same Vatican statement and had the same reaction you did, I think. It seems to create a rather odd division between a saintly life--a life of heroic virtue lived privately--from a Christian perspective and a morally good life from the perspective of one's being active and doing good in one's sphere of life. It seems to me that one could keep all the Christian rules and that "heroically" and yet be no great pope or bishop or father or mother or physician or nurse or whatever. To be a model, if that is what canonization implies, does it suffice to be heroically pious even though one has performed rather unevenly in an office or role in life, with its peculiar responsibililties, that one has, after all, chosen?
Getting rid of the "miracle magic" attachment to the beatification process would make it more credible in all cases. As J Gannon mentioned above, pope worship is a VERY unattractive facet of contemporary Catholicism. But, if you believe that each pope is the direct result (I do not!) of the Holy Spirit's guidance then you have to ask: would She make a silk purse out of a sow's ear?The answer is obvious: so much for the guidance of the HS is choosing popes.
Could we have a moratorium on all canonizations at least until I die? If not a complete moratorium, then one that covers all the "First World" lands? Yes, I know that this would affect some people worthy of consideration. But I'd be willing to pay that price instead of the steep price we're paying for the rash of saintmakings begun by Pope John Paul II and still in progress.
the evaluation essentially concerns the witness of Christian life that the person showed (his intense relationship with God and continuous search for evangelical perfection) and not the historical impact of all his operative decisions. .... that seems to impose a false division between piety and deeds. Or does it? I think so. How can a person's character not influence their acts?I'm not so happy with the idea of grass-roots acclimation as a way to choose saints either. That's like a popularity contest and I think not such an effective test of actual "goodness". I always remember this funny past article from History House - Water to Wine? I Get Fifteen Percent - Trying to get your local saint publicized was a common sport in the Middle Ages.[4] Widespread veneration brought travelers and money to the town (one has to remember that the saint was dead by this point, and the pilgrims would flock to the shrine and donate money). Some saints, according to the keepers of the shrines, professed a preference for trinkets and baubles, which was a way to get pilgrims to donate jewelry. Clearly, a powerful saint could be parlayed into an economic boon. As such, townspeople held a great affinity for their saint. The local saint's shrine could be viewed like a farm baseball team: local pride ran alongside religious fervor, and opportunities to one-up the town down the road were welcomed. Indeed, every once in awhile townships close to one another held little contests .....
Hi Crystal,I agree that acclamation would probably not work today. I did not mean acclamation; the involvement of the bishop would preclude that.
Hi Deacon Eric,Not criticizing your comment - good post at your blog, BTW. I was thinking about some of the Marian doctrines which I'd read (I think?) have been adopted in part because of popular demand.
Hello Mollie (and All),For me anyway your post is quite timely. I was wondering myself during my six hour drive to my university yesterday just what purpose beatifying and eventually canonizing certain recent popes will serve. If the examples of Pius X, Pius IX and John XIII are any indicator, I suspect that beatifying any more of the recentpopes will have very little if any impact on the lives of most Roman Catholics for at least many years. I think the most important short term effect this would have would be that some parishes and schools would bear the names of the beatified popes, but not much else. For example, there is a Saint Pius X parish and school near where my family live, but I dont think even the parishoners there know much about who Pius X was or why he was canonized. On the other hand, while a great many Roman Catholics love John XXIII, I dont think his beatification in 2000 has led to any increase in interest in his life or devotion to him. Maybe the real benefit of canonizing anyone, pope or otherwise, will be manifested centuries after the beatification. Right now everyone knows that John XXIII was a terribly important pope, but perhaps he would be forgotten in five hundred years were it not for his beatification.Id be happy to be corrected but I suspect that most Catholics ignore announcements of beatifications altogether. (Participants here are exceptions to what I just said, of course.) If I am right, I dont know whether one should count this as a good thing or a bad thing.
The rush to canonize popes is proportionate to the loss of authority that the papacy has experienced since the collapse of the monarchical system towards the end of the 19th century.The papacy is the last absolute monarchy in the West and the only way to preserve its prestige and authority is to elevate the pope as a superior Christian and create an aura around him. The Congregation of Saints should be put out of business. If there is one thing over which the Church of Rome (or human organization) has absolutely no authority -- though it seems Rome has regained jurisdiction over almost everything and everyone else -- is who is currently enjoying the beatific vision and interceding on behalf of us, and who is not. Remember, there is a great urgency to beatify/canonize John Paul II because supporters of his cause are painfully aware how the judgement of time blocked Pius XII from becoming a saint -- he, who among all Supreme Pontiffs, was considered Pastor Angelicus and a shoe-in for saint.JP II, Santo Subito. If not now, then never. Just look at the record. A GREAT pope, but not a very good one. The record speaks for itself.
Cheers, Robert Mickens.
What Mickens wrote.Canonization should be recognized for the farce it is. No Romero. No Day..........
About a cultus ==I have know at least two dozen people who knew St. Katherine Drexel well. Never have I heard the slightest negative comment about her at all, Her influence has been great in this city at least, and I'm sure it's continuing in the lives of those who knew and loved her. My point is that real sanctity is truly appreciated. But without the devil's advocate Rome can never know whether or not a purported saint was really a saint or a good ecclesiasitcal politician.
Hello Robert (and All),Remember, there is a great urgency to beatify/canonize John Paul II because supporters of his cause are painfully aware how the judgement of time blocked Pius XII from becoming a saint he, who among all Supreme Pontiffs, was considered Pastor Angelicus and a shoe-in for saint.I suspect you are spot on about this. Im not offering an opinion of the merits of the cases of either Pius XII or John Paul II myself. But I think that every public figure goes through a spell where her reputation is in doubt and actively attacked, if not during ones lifetime then a few years afterward. Sometimes the attacks are deserved, and sometimes not. John Paul II died at the height of his popularity, as did apparently Pius XII. I have no doubt that in a few years, a number of books will appear that will be harshly critical of John Paul II, same as happened a few years after Pius XII died. Interestingly, John XXIII seems to have had his main hostile critics while he was still alive. As hard as I find this to believe, Ive read that while he was alive a variety of false accusations were raised against John XXIII, including claims that he was a communist.
Hello Bill (and All), No Romero. No Day.Ive admitted on this blog before that I am somewhat irked that Faustina Kowalska is canonized while Dorothy Day and Oscar Romero arent. But maybe it doesnt matter much? I think people revere Day and Romero just as much as if they were already canonized, and so far as I know if one wishes one may ask for the intercession of Romero, Day or anyone else, same as one may ask for the intercession of one who is canonized. (Ill be glad to be corrected if Im wrong.) Again so far as I know, the main practical import of beatification is that one shrine in each country may be established in honor of the beatified individual, and the main practical import of canonization is that parishes may be named after the saint. I mean no disrespect towards any of the people who have been beatified or canonized. Im only claiming (wrongly?) that beatifications and canonizations dont make much of a difference to the lives of most Roman Catholics. The cultus associated with a particular person seems to be largely independent of whether or not this person is beatified or canonized.
Except for the saints who write books which become popular as spiritual guides, It seems to me that the saints who are most popular are those who become patrons of this or that group of people or who become specialists, so to speak, at getting affirmative answers to certain kinds of prayersk. For instance, St. Anthony helps us find lost objects, and St. Jude helps those with lost causes The more a saint "comes through" the more people become fans.
I am patiently waiting for Henry Edward Cardinal Manning, the architect of Vatican I and the chief booster for the declaration on the Infallibility of the Pope, to be canonized.Can someone ask Archbishop Vincent Nichols to get on his case?
FWIW - there are two saints on the Roman calendar today. As it happens, one is a pope, St. Fabian. He was martyred during a persecution in the year 250. http://www.crossroadsinitiative.com/library_article/855/Martyrdom_of_Pop... The other is another martyr, St. Sebastian. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_SebastianDo either of these martyrs speak to us today? I suppose there are all sorts of directions for reflection and contemplation here: the persecuted church, the meaning of martyrdom, what it all means for today's church and our own lives. (Mostly, it seems to be an exercise in compare and contrast).Does either life resonate with ours? Is there a still a legitimate cultus for either one, such that one doesn't need to research either one to feel a connection to him? Does inertia account for the fact that these men from 1,800 years ago are stll on the universal calendar Is it important to retain on the calendar these early martyrs, whose legends our age seemingly delights in deconstructing?FWIW - I remembered St. Fabian in morning prayer this morning. Next year on 1/20, I'll remember St. Sebastian if the calendar permits. I don't grab every optional memorial, but I rarely pass up a martyr.
Does either life resonate with ours? Is there a still a legitimate cultus for either one, such that one doesnt need to research either one to feel a connection to him?I can say yes to Sebastian, anyway: last night at RCIA we started talking about patron saints and Confirmation names, and one of our catechumens said his favorite saint was Sebastian. He didn't elaborate on why, but I do know Sebastian enjoys some enduring fame/devotion as the patron saint of athletes. (His gruesome attempted-execution-by-arrow was a very popular subject for Medieval/Renaissance artists, which is why I know who he is.)
Peter, Dorothy Day may not be canonized yet, but I seem to recall that she already has a stained glass window in a lovely little alcove of "New York Saints" in the Providence College Chapel. I suspect it was funded by some of the many NYC alums. Mollie, as to St. Sebastian, I was recently confronted with the prospect of a stereotactic core needle biopsy to be performed with a spring-loaded needle the size of a ball point pen. All turned out well, and the procedure was not at all as as alarming as it sounded from the internet descriptions I pored over before the fact. But those medieval paintings did come to mind....
"The Congregation of Saints should be put out of buisness."Yikes! I was counting on them to help me get to Heaven.
The Communion of Saints will still be operative, Nancy, don't worry.
Hello Susan (and All),Thanks very much for the information regarding Providence College. I did not know that it's ever permitted to have a permanent image on display in a Roman Catholic Church of anyone who isn't beatified. But I hope I will have the opportunity to visit this chapel someday.
Peter, in our cathedral here in Los Angeles we have images of Mother Teresa and John XXIII in our "Communion of Saints" tapestries -- both included before they were beatified.
The Cult of the saints is an ancient and noble part of the Catholic tradition. It also unfolded in a very complex fashion over the centuries. Would it be too self serving for me to recommend my own book on this subject: A BRIEF HISTORY OF SAINTS (Oxofrd: Blackwell, 2005)?
I meant Oxford.
Robert Mickens is spot on when he writes that the congregations of saints should go out of business. The cult of the saints is basically a fourth century creation and centered on martyrs. This cult multiplied principally because people who were now called Christians were for the most part opportunists. Bishops who theretofore were willing to die for their faith succumbed to an emperor and let him call and manage the Council of bishops. Veneration of saints multiplied, as did their bodies, (every town had the body of the same saint) because since the religion now became politically expedient it was necessary to visit the past in order to visit those who practiced Christianity. Robert Marcus called this "The Age of Hypocrisy, as well it was. Here are Marcus' comments:"As saints became ubiquitous, they also changed their functions. In theearly Christian community the living faithful prayed to God for their dead;now the dead saint is asked to pray for the living: a whole new liturgy cameinto being. As the martyr is , literally, detached from the place of hismartyrdom and made present wherever his relics have become the center of acult, so relics began to be seen in a new way.....relics soon becamethemselves, the seats of holy power, God's preferred channels for miraculousaction. A new nexus of social relationships centered around their shrines;their cult provided ways of securing social cohesion in the locality, andone of the means on which bishops depended to consolidate their authority."The Oxford History of Christianity.pg90.More or less what much of the churches still have today. A lot of superstition lacking in the values of the gospel.
In some ways, the least explicable figure amont those ex-popes awaiting canonization, may well be Pius IX. Though 19th century Europe is hardly my historical specialty, I've done some study in the period, and I think it would be quite easy to make an argument that it was Pio Nono -- not Darwin, not Marx, or anyone else -- who was the most responsible for the Church's plummeting fortunes in the period, and whose legacy lives on to harm it. Perhaps when those who lead the Church realize they might study their own history of discover the rise of what they are wont to dismiss as "secularism," they might find that the Church played no small role in that rise. But perhaps harming the Church is not enough to derail a train on the canonization track.Incidentally, in the days when Montreal had a major league team -- the Expos -- the way to get to the Stade Olympique, where they played their games, was to ride the Metro to the stop called Pie Neuf. Clifford Longley, in a recent issue of the Tablet, had an article on the need for "miracles" to confirm a saint's readiness for canonization. He clearly does not like it, and neither do I.
Hello Nicholas (and All),I agree with you. One would have thought that Pius IXs negative attitude towards the Jewish people alone would have disqualified him for beatification. But that was John Paul IIs call, and a pope is not obligated to explain why he beatifies anyone. (I find John Paul IIs beatification of the last Austro-Hungarian emperor Karl equally inexplicable, but again, that was his prerogative.)But now that Pius IX is beatified I think it would be hard to argue that any of his successors who havent yet been beatified should not be beatified.
Are the eccentricities of John Paul II to become the norm of papal behavior? Consider his claim that Edith Stein was a Christian martyr although in fact she was murdered only because she was Jewish. On the subject of Pio Nono do not forget the Mortara scandal--see the Wikipedia for details--which earned Pio Nono well deserved condemnation by many in Europe.
"The rush to canonize popes is proportionate to the loss of authority that the papacy has experienced since the collapse of the monarchical system towards the end of the 19th century.Thank you, Robert Mickens. It is all about power, not principle or sanctity.After Escriva, Pio Nino, Edith Stein as Christian martyr, much less Pius XII, etc. the disconnect with reality is well established. Canonization loses its meaning in the end.
It seems to me that many people need to pray to a god, godlet, or saint or just someone who understands the person's particular problems and needs. In Louisiana after Huey Long's assassination there were even some home shrines complete with votive lights dedicated to him. And, of course, there are the gods of Hinduism and those of many primitive religions. Given belief in the communion of saints, I find it only natural that we should have such devotions, and it seems to me belief in saints and their ability to pray with and for us is quite sound theologically. The problem is to discover just who the saints are. One way -- theoretically anyway -- is to find which "saints" seem to persuade the Lord to grant the most petitions. If you're too sohistocated to believe that this can happen then this argument has no weight, of course. I also suspect that the downplaying of miracles these days has something to do with the falling away of so many Catholics. I once asked my doctor if he had ever seen what must have been a miraculous cure. He claimed that all doctors have. I'd be interested in hearing what your doctors' would say if asked. Maybe we could talk about this this on the blog sometime.
I mean it might be interesting to talk about Catholic belief in miracles and about the possible usefuless of praying to saints.
I think we need to increase the number of canonizations of popes, etc. --- in order to demostrate just how foolhardy the whole "saint-makin'" enterprise is!!!I propose, instead, naming parishes after their locations, e.g., Fourth Avenue Catholic Church, Southeast Catholic Community, The Catholic Community of Podunk, etc.I'd even allow for restricting the names of saints to those found in the New Testament.Or a hybrid of above, e.g., St. Mary's Church of Southwest Podunk, the Catholic Community of San Jose in the Barrio.But a parish/school named after JPII???No way, as he coddled a known clerical pervert!
" am patiently waiting for Henry Edward Cardinal Manning, the architect of Vatican I and the chief booster for the declaration on the Infallibility of the Pope, to be canonized."If there is any singular issue to DENY sainthood to Manning, the farce of infallibility of the pope is it.
Carolyn Disco is correct ----Would you be free from the need to lead?Theres power in control, power in control;Would you oer pastoring a victory succeed?Theres wonderful power in control.RefrainThere is power, power, self-stroking powerIn control of the lambs;There is power, power, self-stroking powerIn total control of the Lambs.Would you enjoy your passion and pride?Theres power in control, power in control;All those pretty gowns that come with the ride;Theres wonderful power in control.RefrainWould you be brighter, much brighter than snow?Theres power in control, power in control;Guilt stains are lost no matter where you go.Theres wonderful power in control.RefrainWould you avoid service to the flock that you lead?Theres power in control, power in control;Would you have them daily your praises to sing?Theres wonderful power in control.(With apologies to There Is Power in the Blood by Lewis E. Jones)
The rush to canonize popes is proportionate to the loss of authority that the papacy has experienced..."Couldn't this be because Popes are chosen for something other than their desire for temporal power? I am not denying that there is politics involved in selecting a Pope, but the issues are more spiritual now than they once were. Can anyone imagine an intervention by the Emperor comparable to the one that led to Pius X's election? It was secular authorities who locked the cardinals in a conclave to begin with.To put it another way, how much would Democrats or Republicans care if the Presidency became a purely 'executive' position, with no power to suggest legislation or influence much of anything in the country? Competency as managers would become more important then political positions. So it has been in Rome; while one's patriotism and strength was once an issue, now one's devotion to the Eucharist and ability to inspire has become dominant. The saintly person is more likely to garner votes for his sanctity today than he would have in the past, when the position had more to do with civic power. As authority waned, selection drifted toward the holy.
"...[N]ow one's devotion to the Eucharist and ability to inspire has become dominant. The saintly person is more likely to garner votes for his sanctity today than he would have in the past, when the position had more to do with civic power."I'm not a historian of the papacy, but I see today (as I saw during JPII's reign) a determined effort to stifle the ecclesial renewal called for by the world's bishops at Vatican II. I detected then --- and continue to see today --- a strong papal desire for centralized control. This desire is most manifest in B16's efforts to "traditionalize" the liturgy by stressing the role of the ordained. He who controls the liturgy --- the central reality and focus of the Catholic Church --- controls the laity, at least those willing to "pray, pay, obey."Power is power, regardless. Even without the papal states, popes have temporal influence within and outside the institutional church. It can be used for good or ill.Not everybody is convinced of JPII or B16's good intentions vis-a-vis ecclesial matters. Perception is reality.
I agree that Popes may still desire power, but it is a very different kind of power now. They may wish to "control the laity" but that is far from the same as wishing to control the Empire. Fighting wars to protect the Papal states is not the same as issuing a new missal, though there may be some similarities.Energies are no longer poured into Italian and European politics the way they once were. How do the Spanish and the Portuguese coordinate their missions? Is the French King more important than the Spanish? Now the distinctions among candidates have to do with their spiritualities. Does he prefer facing East during the Eucharist? Is communion in the hand preferable to on the tongue?People pondering the latter are more likely to think of sanctity than those considering the former.


text:
What other names is Gelatin known by?
Collagen Hydrolysate, Collagène Dénaturé, Collagène Hydrolysé, Collagène Marin Hydrolysé, Denatured Collagen, Gelatina, Gelatine, Gélatine, Gélatine Hydrolysée, Hydrolised Collagen, Hydrolysed Collagen, Hydrolyzed Collagen, Hydrolyzed Collagen Protein, Hydrolyzed Gelatin, Marine Collagen Hydrolysate, Protéine de Collagène Hydrolysé.
What is Gelatin?Gelatin is a protein made from animal products.
Gelatin is used for weight loss and for treating osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and brittle bones (osteoporosis). Some people also use it for strengthening bones, joints, and fingernails. Gelatin is also used for improving hair quality and to shorten recovery after exercise and sports-related injury.
In manufacturing, gelatin is used for preparation of foods, cosmetics, and medicines.
Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...
Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database rates effectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate (detailed description of each of the ratings).
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Newspaper clippings from Seattle-area papers on Klan activities, from the "Bellevue American," "Issaquah Press," "Stanwood News," and "Seattle Times." This album is part of the larger Ku Klux Klan in Washington State project. Digitization made possible by Microfilm and Newspaper Collection, University of Washington Library; and the Washington State Newspaper Collections at the Washington State Archives. Copyright (c) reserved.
Bellevue American, Nov. 1, 1924, p. 2
"Vote Against Initiative 49"
Issaquah Press, July 11, 1924
"KKK Fireworks"
Issaquah Press, July 18, 1924
"Local Klansmen Will Stage Huge Public Initiation"
Issaquah Press, July 25, 1924
"Open Air Initiation Tomorrow Night; Klan Promises Wonderful Spectacle"
Issaquah Press, Aug. 1, 1924
"Immense Throng Views Issaquah Naturalization"
Stanwood News, July 10, 1924, p. 1
"30,000 Klansmen May Be Here Saturday Night"
Stanwood News, July 10, 1924, p. 1
"Huge Out-Door Meet Planned"
Stanwood News, July 17, 1924, p. 1
"10,000 Witness Klan Initiation Ceremony Here"
Stanwood News, July 17, 1924, p. 7
"10,000 Witness Klan Initiation Ceremony Here" (con)
Stanwood News, March 31, 1927, p. 1
"Ku Klux Meetings Ended Friday Night"
Stanwood News, June 16, 1927, p. 1
"Eleven Hundred Cars at Ku Klux Picnic"
Seattle Times, July 13, 1924, p. 2
"Bill 49 Loses Names"


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GENESEO, N.Y. - Faculty members at the State University of New York at Geneseo have elected 80 students to the college's chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, the nation's oldest and most widely known academic honor society. Students from the junior and senior classes are selected each spring for membership into the organization.
About 10 percent of the nation's institutions of higher learning have a Phi Beta Kappa chapter. Geneseo is the only undergraduate SUNY college with a chapter, which was created in 2004.
The following students were elected from the senior class (all hometowns are in New York unless noted otherwise):
Keven Adams, Rochester; Elizabeth Barber, Schenectady; Timothy Barr, Webster; Devon Borowski, Snyder; Claire Bould, Hopewell Junction; Heather Bristol, Webster; Megan Carey, Trumansburg; Steven Carlson, Pelham Manor; Sara DiTursi, East Amhurst; Sarah Dzara, Springville; Michael Fandrich, Auburn; Kevin Felter, Webster; Andrew Frohn, Lindenhurst; Kaitlyn Gayvert, Fairport; Jeffrey Geisendorfer, Schenectady; Zachary Gold, South Fallsburg; Jesse Goldberg, Lake Ronkonkoma; Lauren Hanson, Verank; Lauren Healy, Centereach; Jeffrey Hollinger, Averill Park; Michael Hoy, Batavia; Elizabeth Huss, Albany; Sophia Hutnik, Ithaca; Stephanie Iasiello, Yorktown Heights; Aaron Iuppa, Pittsford; Max Jacobson, Geneseo; Skylar Jameson, Pittsford; Jocelin Kalish, Bridgehampton; Joshua Kaplan, Grand Island; Kelly Keenehan, Rochester; Angela Klinczar, Orchard Park; Marissa Konieczko, Canastota; Olivia Lapham, Canandaigua; Kristina Licatese, Oswego; Johnson Lin, Brooklyn; Vanessa Lobo, Niskayuna; Celeste Mahoney, East Aurora; Samantha Maurer, Bardonia; Robert Mayville, Big Flats; Eleanor McGrath, Beaver Dams; Kathryn McGuire, Bloomfield; Rebecca Meissner, Hamburg; Abram Miller, Buffalo; Marie-Jo Nassar, Mamaroneck; Emilie O'Neill, Hamburg; Tacianna Oliver, Webster; Jessamyn Perlus, Ithaca; Benjamin Perry, Katonah; Benjamin Peterson, Nekoosa, Wisc.; Luke Rague, Geneseo; Michael Roff, Huntington Station; Gregory Roloff, West Seneca; Justine Rosen, Clifton Park; Yael Rosenstock, College Point; Emma Rumley, Rochester; Jisu Ryu, Carona; Gauri Samant, Liberty; Hannah Schmidt, Putnam Valley; Elizabeth Shenn, Brooklyn; Eunwoo Shim, Rockville, Md.; Corinne Smith, Greenville; Joseph Targia, Rhinebeck; Toby Terwilliger, Penfield; Michael Vaiana, Rochester; Robert Viglietta, Clinton; Rachel West, Jamesville; Shana Wierchowski, Grand Island; Sara Wigderson, Webster; Benjamin Wunder, Apalachin; and Jeffrey Zeitler, Bethpage.
The following students were elected from the junior class (all hometowns are in New York):
Robert Briwa, Pine Bush; Timothy Caughlin, Watertown; Andrew Christy, Greenwich; Olivia Derella, West Nyack; Joel Inbody, Holland; Peter Kearns, Cooperstown; Kaitlin Keller, Penfield; Hayley Martin, Troy; Danae Polsin, Baldwinsville; and Emily Scampini, Watervliet.
Media Contact:
David Irwin
Media Relations Manager
(585) 245-5516


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i dont know how to start my program... actually, i really dont have the idea... is there anyone who can help me? thanks a lot..
need some help in payroll program in c linked list implementation
Well list all the requirements in details,the input to the program and also the output.Also try to put together atleast some code that would be much better.
Work on it step by step, making sure each bit works before moving on to the next bit. Don't try to write the whole program in one go before compiling it.


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I don't know if this is the right forum to ask, I have started to use Linux (OpenSUSE). I need to install
mplayer on it. I unpacked the mplayer archive. Then in the command screen I navigated to the folder containing the unpacked folder of mplayer. Then I used the following commands
but after that when I entered the
make command it is showing ...typo doesn't exist or so... I think only after
make and
make install I can install this program to my system... please help.


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I'm trying to understand what it means for a discrete random variable to have a probability mass function (pmf) that is a function of another random variable. For example, one homework problem of mine starts with "suppose $X$ has Poisson distribution with parameter $Y$, where $Y$ has Poisson distribution with parameter $\mu$." Does this mean that to determine the probability that $X=0$, one would first "run" $Y$ to obtain a value, then plug that value into $X$'s pmf? If so, then to determine the probability that $X=1$, would we have to run $Y$ again?
This means that the probability that $X=k$ knowing $Y$ is a given $p(k,Y)$, hence $\mathrm P(X=k)=\mathrm E(p(k,Y))$. In your case $p(k,y)=\mathrm e^{-y}y^k/k!$ hence $$ k!\,\mathrm P(X=k)=\mathrm E(\mathrm e^{-Y}Y^k)=\sum\limits_{n\ge0}\mathrm e^{-\mu}\frac{\mu^n}{n!}\mathrm e^{-n}n^k. $$ One sees that $$ \mathrm P(X=0)=\sum\limits_{n\ge0}\mathrm e^{-\mu}\frac{(\mu/\mathrm e)^n}{n!}=\mathrm e^{-\mu(1-1/\mathrm e)}. $$ Likewise, $$ \mathrm P(X=1)=\sum\limits_{n\ge1}\mathrm e^{-\mu}\frac{(\mu/\mathrm e)^n}{(n-1)!}=\mathrm e^{-\mu(1-1/\mathrm e)}\mu/\mathrm e. $$ Expectations are easier to compute than $\mathrm P(X=k)$ for a general $k$. For example, noting that the expectation of a Poisson random variable is its parameter, one gets directly $$ \mathrm E(X)=\mathrm E(Y)=\mu. $$ Likewise, for any positive integer $k$, $$ \mathrm E(X(X-1)\cdots(X-k+1))=\mathrm E(Y^k). $$
This can also be stated in terms of conditional probabilities. You know that, if $Y$ is given/known, $X$ follows a Poisson distribution with that particular value as parameter. You can write this fact down as:
$$P(X=x \; |\; Y=y) = e^{-y} \; \frac{\; y^x}{x!}$$
Then, the joint probability is given by $P(X \; Y ) = P ( X \; | \; Y) \; P(Y) $, where $P(Y)$ is another Poisson with paramenter $\mu$; and from this you can compute the "marginal" $P(X)$;
$$P(X = x ) = \sum_{y=0}^{\infty} P(X=x \; |\; Y=y) \; P(Y=y) $$
Definitely it ought to say that the conditional distribution of $X$ given $Y$ is a Poisson distribution with expected value $Y$. Without the word "conditional", one could take a statement about the distribution of $X$ to be about its marginal (i.e. "unconditional") distribution, and that would be wrong.


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Boys Tuxedos
Find adorable and affordable little boys tuxes and tuxedos at Sophias Style. Your newborn, infant, toddler or little boy will be ready for the next holiday, party, wedding or special occasion in a handsome boy's tuxedo - at a great discount price to boot!
Shop and save on a baby boy tuxedo from Sophias Style.


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NOTE: The Northern Access username and password are case sensitive.
Your Northern Access username and password should be used to log onto your myNOC, Blackboard, Wireless Access, computer labs and your NOC Email account.
NOTE: Any holds placed on your student record will limit your access to Campus Connect services within myNOC. Please contact the Registrar's Office for assistance.


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Whole Foods Coming to Newark
Mayor Cory Booker had courted the specialty grocer for years
NEWARK—As Cory Booker's term as mayor potentially draws to a close, he can finally claim victory in a very personal battle: His city is getting a Whole Foods. WFM -0.42 %
The specialty grocer is slated to announce Thursday that it has signed a lease to open a 29,000-square-foot store in the heart of the city's downtown.
For Mr. Booker, a vegetarian and foodie who began courting the chain soon after his inauguration in 2006, the store helps fulfill a promise to bring more fresh food to the city. He called and texted Whole Foods executives for years while pursuing the grocer, and mentioned his love of the chain on the city's WBGO radio station.
"It almost became for me like the quest for the Holy Grail," Mr. Booker said in an interview. "This would be the sign that Newark had fully turned a corner."
But it is more than a personal victory. The store's opening is also a sign that Newark—a city of 277,700 long seen by some higher-end retailers as too gritty—is gaining some cachet.
Whole Foods will be an anchor in the transformation of the historic Hahne building, a 417,600-square-foot property with landmark status that has stood vacant for decades.
"We aren't having to sell the story of Newark," said Jon Cortell, a vice president of L+M Development Partners, a New York City firm that is co-developing the building with a local firm. Mr. Cortell said interest from other national retailers to lease in the building has been strong.
In recent years, Newark's downtown has seen growth in the number of bars and restaurants—but few national retailers have followed. The city of more than 24 square miles has three full-size supermarkets.
"You have to convince the retailers that there is a market here," said Jeffrey Robinson, an assistant professor at the Rutgers Business School-Newark, who said the city is working on attracting residents downtown.
Whole Foods has 10 stores in New Jersey, many of them in well-heeled areas such as Montclair and Princeton. In recent years, the Austin-based chain has decided to venture into inner-city areas of Chicago and Detroit to bring healthier food in areas that lacked it, said Christina Minardi, president for the Northeast region.
When Mr. Booker first discussed the idea of bringing Whole Foods to Newark—a city once synonymous with urban decay—those in the supermarket industry laughed at him, he recalled. He gave Whole Foods executives a detailed presentation on Newark in 2007, but they weren't ready to make the leap.
"At the time, we said, 'We appreciate all this, but at this moment Whole Foods isn't quite ready to come in Newark,'" Ms. Minardi said.
As Whole Foods began to open stores in urban areas, company executives started scouting locations in Newark around two years ago. Mr. Booker kept up his campaign, leaving Ms. Minardi a voice mail in June saying she was the "single most important person in his life at that moment," she recalled.
Meanwhile, years of efforts to renovate the Hahne building had come to a head. A New Jersey chain, Hahne and Co. built its flagship department store on Broad Street around 1901, acting as an anchor to Newark's shopping district. The chain was bought in 1986 and the name went out of usage; the Newark store spanning two acres was vacated soon after.
About two years ago, Newark-based Prudential Financial Inc. got involved in trying to redevelop the building after previous efforts stalled. The company put up $7.5 million in acquisition funding for the building and helped L+M enter a partnership with a local developer, Hanini Group, to take it over, said Lata Reddy, vice president of corporate social responsibility.
"Our executives and board members vividly remember shopping there as children," said Ms. Reddy about Hahne.
The building had the parking and density of foot traffic that the grocer looked for in a site, Ms. Minardi said. And when the deal was done, Mr. Booker gave her a big hug, she said.
In recent years, the streets surrounding the Hahne building have begun to transform.
Neighboring Halsey Street has filled with bars and restaurants frequented by office workers and college students. A $444 million Prudential corporate tower is being erected across the street, and the adjacent Military Park is undergoing a $3 million renovation by the developer who rehabilitated New York's Bryant Park.
Whole Foods could bring further change. The chain's move into an emerging neighborhood tends to cause other stores to follow and property values to rise, said Jerry Johnson of the land-use consultants Johnson Reid.
A specialty grocer locating in a neighborhood tends to boost property values by an average of 18%, according to a 2007 report by Johnson Reid. "It gives the impression that the neighborhood has arrived," Mr. Johnson said about Whole Foods.
In July, the developers got city approval for the project, projected to cost approximately $120 million, and construction is slated to start by 2015. The development will include about 180 apartments, with about a third of them "affordable." A market-rate studio is projected to rent for approximately $1,100 a month, Mr. Cortell said.
Whole Foods intends to open during 2016. Its prices will be less expensive than its other stores, and many of the 150 employees will be from Newark, Ms. Minardi said. The store will have security, but Ms. Minardi said the safety of Newark wasn't a top concern.
Meanwhile, a long-anticipated Whole Foods in the Gowanus section of Brooklyn is on track to open in the late fall, said Michael Sinatra, a company spokesman. The grocer is opening a store later in October in Port Chester and has five other locations in development in New Jersey, Mr. Sinatra said.
The company has looked at neighboring cities to Newark, such as Hoboken and Jersey City, but hasn't find the right location yet for a Whole Foods, Mr. Sinatra said.
Mr. Booker is running for an open U.S. Senate seat in a contest on Oct. 16, and if he wins, he could be exiting as Newark's mayor the next day. He said securing the Whole Foods before his second term could end was particularly satisfying.
"There were times where it looked like it wouldn't happen," said Mr. Booker, a Whole Foods shopper. "This is just a really great personal moment for me."
Write to Heather Haddon at firstname.lastname@example.com


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1 Mar 2012 5:29 PM #1
Ext GWT 3.0 Beta 4 Now Available
Ext GWT 3.0 Beta 4 is now available.
This beta includes the following enhancements:
- Appearance pattern fully applied to Grid & TreeGrid
- Optimized refactor of Grid DOM structure (from HTML Table per row to single Table)
- 20+ bug fixes
Please refer to the release note for the detailed changes.
Also, our next milestone release will be a RC release. Please stay tuned.Edmund Leung
Sencha Product Management
6 Mar 2012 5:40 AM #2
19 Mar 2012 2:20 AM #3
Bugs an questions 2
EXTGWT3.0 beta 4 + IE9
still have this:
And new things:
non caching tree bug fot test case use example and manipulate tree when set caching false
css button : opacity only is set in css not work in IE==> add filter?
uploadField_browseText = Parcourir... in French
Activate a tab doesn't show when "tabbar" have scroll ie doesn't scroll to tab
French translation month calendar missing:
Janvier, Février, Mars, Avril, Mai, Juin, Juillet, Août, Septembre,Octobre,Novembre,Décembre
French translation week day missing:
Lundi, Mardi, Mercredi, Jeudi, Vendredi, Samedi,Dimanche
Do you have planed to develop:
disabled single item for tree and listview,
drag and dop tab?Frédéric BASTIDE
19 Mar 2012 11:56 PM #4
What has happened to com.extjs.gxt.ui.client.Registry???
It is not in the release notes
It is not in the migration guide
It is not in the intro to gxt3
Did it just disappear
Isn't it sort of a breaking api change


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I would like each card in my list to be a "to do" item that I can check off as I complete them. How can I identify each card as "completed" once I've completed it?
The usual way is to have a Todo list and a Done list, one an item has been completed, you just drag the card from the Todo list into the Done list.
You can do this several ways, depending how you want to organize your lists and flow. There is no "this card is completed" function per se, it should be defined in a different way. The first (seperate list) is my favorite, but the second works as well for some projects. I wouldn't personally use my third option, but it is a valid method I guess.
There are probably more things you can think of, like assigning todo's to yourself and removing the assignement if it is done, or the other way around, assigning yourself if you have done it, although that would mess up your 'cards' view a bit with completed tasks.
If you change the way you are organizing your information a bit, then you could make use of the Checklist feature that each card has. This would allow you to easily check-off items as they are completed.


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adidas Men's Chicago Bulls Derrick Rose #1 Road Red Replica Jersey
NOW: $27.93 (60% off!)
Was: $70.00*
Product Information:
Run the offense like your favorite star point guard in the adidas® Derrick Rose replica jersey. Athletic polyester fabric and rib-knit arm and collar openings team up to give you the ultimate fan look, whether you drive the lane or cheer from the sidelines. With screen-printed team and player graphics on the front and back, you'll look like you just drained the game-winning shot. Bold team colors help you stand out as the perfect sixth man.
- adidas® Replica jersey
- Screen-printed team graphic and player number on front
- Player name and number screen-printed on back
- adidas® interior back neck taping
- Screen-printed Official NBA® logo
- NBA® logo placement may vary
- Rib knit arm openings and collar
- adidas® locker tag above left hem
- Officially licensed by the NBA®
- Fabric: 100% polyester
- adidas
Country of Origin: ImportedWeb ID: 16673466


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I thought I'd start having a look at 12.04. Since the image is going to change a lot in the near future, I thought it would be wise to use jigit. As I recall, it only downloads things that have changed since the last time?
I installed the package "jigit". Now what? It doesn't provide a jigit command.


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While on Noah's Ark, did the animals remain celibate?
If the elephants, rhinos, or giraffes, for instance, did not remain celibate, I'd imagine that things could get pretty hectic and pretty crowded on the Ark very quickly. In short, it could become a real zoo.
Does the Bible tell us anything about how the animals acted on the Ark?


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Could I get ZFS to work properly in Linux?
Are there any caveats / limitations?
Could I get ZFS to work properly in Linux?
Are there any caveats / limitations?
ZFS is not in the official Linux kernel, and never will be unless Oracle relicenses the code under something compatible with the GPL.
Additionally, NetApp claims they own patents on some technology used in ZFS. NetApp settled their lawsuit with Sun after the Oracle buyout, but that settlement doesn't protect any other Linux distributor. (Red Hat, Ubuntu, SuSE...)
Today, your best options are:
Incidentally, btrfs is also backed by Oracle, but was started years before the Sun acquisition. I don't believe the two will ever merge, or one be deprecated in favor of the other due to the license conflict and patent issue. ZFS is too popular to go away, but there will continue to be demand for a ZFS alternative.
Several answers here mention the Behlendorf ZFS port.
Keep in mind that the Behlendorf ZFS port is currently targeted towards Lustre users with extremely large filesystems. This is what Lawrence Livermore National Labs, the US Department of Energy and other research facilities need, because they run very large filesystems (100TB - multi-Petabyte systems in the near future). Lustre runs on Linux, and is running into problems when used for filesystems above certain sizes. Some people hope to solve this problem using ZFS, which is where zfsonlinux.org comes into play.
In order for ZFS to be useful for the rest of us, the ZPL (ZFS POSIX Layer) must be ported to Linux, so that administrators can interact with the filesystem. zfsonlinux.org has a development version of the ZPL, and KQ Infotech provides another implementation of the ZPL, which is a fork of the zfsonlinux.org code.
Behlendorf wants help to improve the ZPL and to merge in any changes from KQ Infotech into the zfsonlinux.org repository. If you can do this, the community will benefit greatly, and you will be a rockstar.
Oh yes, now you can! There is ZFS on Linux Project. ZFS has been successfully ported to multiple platforms and now there is a a functional Linux ZFS kernel port.
My real experience is using Ubuntu + Native ZFS - it working very stable from daily repositories.
I don't know how well they work, but there are two ports of ZFS available for Linux - a FUSE implementation and a in-kernel filesystem implementation.
You can with the FUSE version of ZFS. The limitation is that it runs as a userspace process.
I have set up ZFS Fuse on debian/lenny for my home NAS. I didn't encounter any problems or limitations. Search for ZFS on my blog for some more related posts.
I did try BTRFS first, but found that it simply wasn't ready yet. This was in february 2010.
ZFS Fuse indeed works.
CAVEAT: Make sure that the 'other' operating systems you'll use the drive for supports the same version the ZFS Fuse - BSD usually runs a couple of versions later than the Linux ones.


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After a feature is delivered, we have recently started to perform exploratory testing on the feature before we execute manual functional tests. We find 95% of the defects during exploratory testing so is it worth while spending the time to write a full suite of manual functional tests if hardly any defects are found from them?
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Do you think you would find the remaining 5% of bugs that are currently found by a suite of manual tests if you spent that time doing exploratory testing instead? Would managers have the confidence in test coverage that they need to make decisions without those functional tests?
I think the biggest risk of not having a manual functional test suite would be a reduction in coverage so that things might get missed. However, a "full suite" of manual regression tests might not be necessary to ensure that coverage. Automated tests are often considered an ideal alternative since they simplify regression testing and save testing time long-term. They can really free up your exploratory manual testers so they can focus on the most productive forms of testing.
You could also try guided exploratory testing, where testers are given a checklist instead of fully scripted manual tests, and then the testers just make sure they cover the checklist as they perform exploratory testing, in addition to anything else they think is worth trying. This technique is sometimes called "Guided exploratory testing". This might be a great alternative for your team since it sounds like you have some very skilled exploratory testers on hand.
My answer assumes you believe you are leveraging exploratory testing as well as you can; in other words, that you do not believe you can discover more than 95% of your defects via exploratory testing. I think the gist of your question is, "Is it worth the additional work of having a full suite of manual tests in order to uncover the other 5% of defects."
You and your team need to decide whether skipping the additional testing is worth the risk of letting a bug slip through. When considering the risk, think about the kinds of bugs that might slip through, the frequency of those bugs (i.e. will the circumstances be rare or common?), the severity (when the bug occurs, how detrimental will it be?), and how forgiving you think your customers will be (e.g. high-tech early adopters may be more forgiving than online banking customers).
Aside from that, you need to consider how your customers will perceive your testing process. In some industries, your testing process is a private, internal matter. In other industries, having a well-documented process that is strictly followed is a necessary condition towards achieving a certification.
Finally, how you answer those questions may change over time as your product, organization, and customer base matures. It may be that today your exploratory testing is enough, but in two years you need to invest the extra effort in a manual test suite.
"Is it worth while spending the time to write a full suite of manual functional tests if hardly any defects are found from them?"
That depends - is the purpose of writing them to find defects? If so, then it sounds like you would be better off putting your energy into spending more time testing. If you're considering dropping them, then it doesn't sound like you have any contractual or political obligations to produce them. Manual functional test suites tend to be expensive to produce and expensive to maintain, so unless you have really good reasons for producing that documentation there are probably better ways to spend your money/time.
So what's stopping you?
Some common concerns might be:
1) How do we look at how well we're covering the system with our tests? Isn't there a risk that we'll all end up running the same tests? Or maybe we'll all run the same sort of tests and nobody will think of testing security, or installation?
If this is a concern for you, then one way of approaching this would be to write a set of exploratory test charters instead of test scripts. This article by Michael Kelly gives a good explanation of managing testing with charters, part of a series.
I've also been really enjoying Darren McMillan's blog posts about how he's using mindmapping to plan his testing and record test sessions. I haven't used mindmapping seriously yet for ET myself, but the mindmaps I see other exploratory testers using are just such a lovely clear way of presenting what was covered, and it's much easier to see gaps that remain to be tested.
2) How do we prove what we did?
You don't have to write stuff down before you test, to prove that you tested it. You can write stuff down while you test, and then you can still respond to what you're finding. (Actually, making good notes while you test is a lot more likely to reflect what you really tested than making them before - most scripted testers I've observed frequently went "off-script", so the scripts weren't a good guide to what was tested.)
Here are some good resources/ideas on recording ET sessions:
And here's a great list of general resources about exploratory testing.
The fact that you find 95% of the bugs you currently find using one approach is interesting. But the real questions are:
If I find 100 bugs in total, and I found 95 of them using exploratory testing, but another 100 bugs that I didn't find are subsequently reported after I go into Production, then I have probably failed.
If on the other hand, no bugs are reported after I go into Production, I'd dig in and consider the value of finding the 5 bugs using non-exploratory methods. I might determine that a bit more exploratory testing would have found them, or that the only way I could have found them was using a different approach.
What do you do with your scripted manual tests? If they are just executed by testers once or twice then tossed you probably can change your process & reduce/eliminate the extra paperwork.
But if any one else is using them, then consider the impact outside of QA before elimating them.
Assuming you find & address any downstream impact of changing the process, I'd say less paperwork to write & maintain is usually better.
In using "exploratory" testing we've found that it's VERY dependant on the testers experience and understanding of the system. If the tester has a broad knowledge of how the software should work and what should be displayed then they'll be able to catch all those little bugs. The manual process may provide better coverage but might miss an element that should be displayed on an existing report.
Exploratory testing is very good for bringing in external users. Less step by step with the freedom to roam throughout the application. With this being said exploratory isn't the best style when data integrity is involved... just my two bits. Happy testing all!
Exploratory tests can help to plan and write an effective functional test suite. When we are required to test a new feature it is always better to explore it before planning or automating it. Exploratory testing can generate new testing ideas/path and can reveal uncovered areas for testing as we explore the software.
As Ethel Evans said with automation we can better track the test coverage.
Moreover automation is cheaper than manual testing. Hence exploratory testing should be used to complement the running of functional test suite and not replace it.
In this case, you can regularly go through the manual functional test suite, let's say every other release cycle or once a month, and deprecate the not-so critical Test Cases. Keeping the manual functional test suite well groomed, you can make sure that they only test the critical scenarios. This will save you time and make sure that the code does not go in production with the bugs in critical components that should have been very obvious find had you run the functional test.
Based on how regularly you groom your test suite, it should take minimal time relatively.
Manual and exploratory are two different things but together can make huge difference to the testing. Both things comes into picture when time is the factor, so if you have time then scripted manual testing is good option but when time is less then exploratory testing is obvious a good choice.
Exploratory and Manual testing are not mutually exclusive, you probably mean scripted regression vs. exploratory.


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Oracle Fusion Product Hub showcased digital catalog publication solution using Product Hub
By Neela Chaudhari on Feb 28, 2014
By Dhiman Bhattacharjee
In the recently concluded Oracle's 2nd Annual Value Chain summit, Oracle Fusion Product Hub showcased the new capability of Product Hub for digital catalog publication. With this capability Product Hub customers can now create and manage their print, web, and mobile catalogs from a single application. Fusion Product Hub is the ideal publishing solution for multi-channel catalog requirements, combining product information management capabilities along with advanced publication features and tools ensuring that product catalogs published across all channels are consistent and error-free.
The digital catalog print solution has been developed along with a product hub partner named Silicon Publishing and uses their product called Silicon Paginator. Based out of San Francisco, Silicon Publishing is the leading provider of Adobe InDesign Server solutions. Their product Silicon Paginator, renders catalogs from various data sources and delivers high-quality print and mobile output. Silicon Paginator has now been integrated with Oracle Fusion Product Hub, allowing fully automated publishing from Product data Hub, using Adobe InDesign Server and the Adobe Digital Publishing Suite. The diagram below shows the data flow for digital catalog publication using product hub.
The video below shows the workflow: how data from Product Hub is mapped to document object styles, producing ready-to-print output and iPad/Android applications. The Silicon Paginator product ingests Product Hub data, flows the data through InDesign templates according to rules, incorporates static matter (such as ads or static content) and automatically generates navigational tools such as tables of contents, indexes and tablet search functionality.
Here is link to the youtube video link:


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Published: Sunday, February 3, 2013 at 3:15 a.m.
Last Modified: Friday, February 1, 2013 at 1:31 p.m.
Gene and Annie Laura Ruppe Bullman of Fingerville, SC were honored by family and friends with a 50th wedding anniversary dinner February 2, 2013 at Fingerville First Baptist Church.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.


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Sutton Park - Historical Information
Sutton Park is an ideal location for archaeologists to study for many of its features date back over several millennia and are easily seen by the visitor without the need for any excavation.
There is plenty to see for those interested in Sutton Park's past. Even the vegetation, although described as 'natural', is the result of thousands of years of human management which has left many well-preserved archaeological remains. These include earthworks; humps and bumps in the ground surface such as banks and ditches, which can easily be seen without the need for excavation.
Over 6,000 years ago, people were living off wild food plants, hunting wild animals and fishing in the area around Sutton Park. They would have been a nomadic people, living in structures, which have left very little trace. Some of their flint tools have, however, been found near Little Bracebridge Pool and Rowton's Well.
Six more mounds, near Streetly Lane, were exposed when the covering vegetation was burned by fire in 1926. Excavations showed that they were all composed of stones which had been shattered by heating many years before and that there were pits under the two largest mounds. Their date of origin is not known, but they are similar to the many 'burnt mounds' found in the midlands and other parts of the country during the Bronze Age about 3000 years ago. These sites are thought to be the remains of steam or sauna bathing where hot stones were used to produce steam or of cooking where the stones were used to boil water. While peat near Longmoor Pool was being dug for fuel in the 18th century, worked timbers were found near Rowton's Well. These may be part of a timber trackway similar to those built across wet areas elsewhere in Britain and Ireland in prehistoric times.
Iron Age remains have rarely been found in the Birmingham area but the ground surface under Sutton Park's Roman road shows what the landscape was like in the 1st century AD. Excavations revealed a soil type called a podzol which is found under heathland or light woodland.
The Roman road is a 1.5 mile length of road, usually known as Ryknield Street, built as part of the Roman conquest of the West Midlands, just after the Roman army landed in Kent in AD 43. It was a military road joining forts at Wall (near Lichfield) and Metchley, on Vincent Drive in Edgbaston. The road comes through north Birmingham by way of Handsworth, Perry Barr and Kingstanding entering Sutton Park near Banners Gate. It crosses the bog, heathland and golf course on the west side, leaving on the north side of the park. The road is best seen near the Royal Oak Gate off Chester Road North. The most prominent part of the road today is a bank or agger, about 8m wide that formed the main road surface. Excavations have shown that it consists of compacted gravel, never having any sort of paved surface. Where it is best preserved, the agger is high and rounded. Along each side, there is an intermittent ditch. This was built by Roman engineers not for drainage but as a laying out line to show where vegetation would have to be cleared away. Beyond the side ditches, there are pits and hollows where gravel was dug out to make the road.
Most of the ancient parks were created for the conservation and hunting of deer. One such forest, the forest of Kank (Cannock) extended from the River Tame to the Trent. In 1125, King Henry gave part of this forest to the Earls of Warwick. The area, from Spaghetti Junction to Shenstone and from Barr Beacon to Kingsbury was known as Sutton Chase; part of this was to become Sutton Park.
Wyndley Pool and Keepers Pool were probably constructed soon after the deer park was created in 1126. Bracebridge Pool is thought to have been constructed by Sir Ralph Bracebridge, a ranger during the reign of Henry V (1413 - 1422). Bracebridge Pool was granted to the ranger on condition he supplied the Earls of Warwick with either 0 rent or 120 bream at 1/8d.
Late in the 1520s, Sutton Park, as we know it today, came into being. Sutton Coldfield and its hunting grounds came into the possession of Henry VIII. In 1528 John Harman, a Sutton native who became Bishop of Exeter, persuaded the King to grant a charter placing the administration of the town in the control of a warden and society. It also allowed the Bishop to enclose a section of the Chase as a park for the benefit of the inhabitants. The Charter laid down that the inhabitants might 'freely hunt fish and fowl there, with dogs, bows and arrows, and with other engines for deer, stags, hares, foxes and other wild beasts.' The Royal Charter also allowed the townspeople to use the park to graze their animals.
In Bishop Vesey's time, there was no Town Gate. The original main road into the park went from the manor house on Manor Hill to Wyndley.
Sutton people treasured their heritage and fought against encroachments in 1581 and 1617. In 1778, Sir Gilbert Scott of Great Barr set up a scheme to share all the 'waste', including the park, among the principal landowners. The townspeople successfully opposed the plan and the park was left untouched. In 1756, Simon Luttrell of Four Oaks Hall Estate obtained an Act of Parliament enabling him to extend his park by annexing 48 acres of Sutton Park which adjoined his land, thus changing the shape of the park for ever. In 1827, Sir Edmund Hartop, who owned Four Oaks Hall, exchanged land with the Warden and Society, receiving 57 acres from the park and gave up just over 93 acres. The main advantage to the residents of Sutton Coldfield was that Sir Edmund agreed to construct Park Road and a new main entrance to the park. Another exchange in 1937 saw the trustees of the Somerville Estate convey land to the corporation bringing Powells Pool into the park.
The recreational use of Sutton Park began in the 19th century. There were two horse racing courses in the park. The first course was situated between Holly Knoll and the present day railway. A second, much larger, course was constructed near Westwood Coppice. Golf was introduced into Sutton Park by the Rector of Sutton Coldfield, the Rev W K Riland Bedford. The first nine hole golf course was built in 1880 around Meadow Platt and Holly Knoll. The 18 hole course on the Streetly side was established in 1889.
When the railway to Sutton Coldfield opened in 1862, special excursion trains for trippers to the park ran practically every day. Activities for the daytrippers included boating on the pools, donkey rides, refreshment rooms and swimming facilities. In 1868, Job Cole laid out some pleasure gardens near Wyndley Gate which were extended with refreshment rooms and overnight accommodation. In 1878, Cole set up the Crystal Palace company which could accommodate up to 2000 people for exhibitions and events: the fun fair proved particularly popular.
The park was used for military training in the 19th century. There was a volunteer camp near Streetly and a firing range was established near Westwood Coppice.
In the First World War, huts were built, first for the Birmingham City Battalion and then as convalescent camps for the Australian and New Zealand wounded. There was also a prisoner of war camp near Longmoor Pool. In the Second World War, the park was used as a training ground for the regular troops and the Home Guard, for testing tanks and as an internee camp for Italians and Germans.
In 1957 over 35,000 scouts from 37 different countries set up camp in the park for two weeks to celebrate the World Jubilee Jamboree. A stone to commemorate this event is still within the park.


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7 Impractical Rock Star Fashions We Wish Had Caught On
#3. Condom Glasses (Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes of TLC)
Yes, you lose a little depth perception with the condom glasses, but it's a small price to pay in order to send a very clear and absolutely honest message to your potential partner: "I intend to fuck any second, without warning... possibly while reading something."
If you wear those glasses while asking someone out and they still say yes, they automatically agree to have sex with you. There's no mistaking it. Unfortunately, Lisa Lopes was the only human with big enough balls to wear them.
What Caught On Instead:
Horn rimmed glasses (Rivers Cuomo of Weezer).
We're blaming Weezer because the lead singer was doing it back in the 1990s "before it was cool," and he's still doing it today. But we're giving an honorable mention to the now cancelled TV series Heroes, that had a main character who was actually referred to as "HRG" for "Horned Rimmed Glasses."
There is a small percentage of the world's population who do look good with this fad - Rivers Cuomo simply doesn't look the same without them. However, it makes the remaining 99% of humans look like pretentious assholes.
#2. Missy Elliot's Inflated Bag Suit
The sunglasses/helmet combo alone is badass enough for us to be sad that Missy Elliot's fashions never made it into working society. But that bag suit... how fun would that be to walk around in? Built in air conditioning for the summer? Built in heat for the winter? You could wear it in any weather, as rain and snow would just slide off.
And if you got tired of walking, just drop and bounce to wherever you have to go. Man, we can't tell you how much fun we'd have just bouncing and flopping all over the damn place. There would be no more sadness in the world if everybody wore this. And you know you'd be nude under there.
What Caught On Instead:
Big, puffy "gangsta" coats.
Poor kids in the 1970s and 80s had to wear these big, stupid puffy coats, and we hated them. It could be ten degrees below zero outside, and we'd still sweat under all that material. They made swishing sounds when we walked, and you could never find the damn zipper under all that fluff.
We're sorry, but if I were to get lost and wind up in the very worst neighborhood in all of the United States, and some guy approached me with a gun and that coat... I'd probably pat him on the head, give him a piece of hard candy, and tell him to run along back home before it got too dark out. His mom is probably worried sick.
#1. Dong Socks (Red Hot Chili Peppers, Again)
Our prudish society is so unready for the "it's just a sock on my dick" fashion that we had to pixelate the photo of it being worn. That is criminal.
Let's just skip right past the "absolute freedom" part because that's fairly obvious, and get straight to the practicality of the Red Hot Chili Peppers' sock fashion. We'd only need two types: black for business affairs/job interviews and white for casual wear. No more dressers taking up space in our bedrooms because a single milk crate could hold your entire wardrobe. Every time we bought a pair, we'd get two outfits. We could literally do an entire week's worth of laundry in our bathroom sink.
Of course when it's cold, we'd have to switch to sports socks, and there is no female version. That's probably why it never took off.
What Caught On Instead:
Axl Rose's Spandex bike shorts.
You are exactly as naked with spandex as you would be with the sock. Every nook and cranny of your body is terrifyingly visible, right down to the exact length, girth, and compass position of your penis. Yet these made it into mainstream fashion, while the sock remained strictly footwear.
That's right; we don't have to pixelate that one. Take a good, long look. When your kids, present or future, ask you what is wrong with the world, we want you to show them this.


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Real Name: Chris Francy
I work as a Senior Network Analyst at Northwest Educational Service District #189 in the Technology Services department.
The Technology Service department, in addition to supporting the staff at NWESD, provides network support services to 35 K-12 school districts in Northwest Washington region.
In my free time, when I am not at work or answering questions, I play a lot of video games on the PC (Steam Profile).
You can find more links to various websites and social networks on my Google profile.
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