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I'm kind of curious; if I see a question with a title like this:
How to x y and z
Is making the title a question a valid reason for editing it?
I'm kind of curious; if I see a question with a title like this:
Is making the title a question a valid reason for editing it?
People disagree drastically on what constitutes a "good enough" edit. Personally I say yes; we've had a user on the Unix and Linux SE that's been doing just that, and I'm a big fan:
The first thing the CHAOS team did when they started was go through the top 1000 questions on a bunch of sites and clean up their titles, specifically turning them into questions if they weren't, so clearly it's considered important
That depends. If the only thing your edit does is to make the title a question, don't bother. This gets debated now and then all over Stack Exchange; I'm firmly in the camp that holds that titles do not need and often should not be questions, because
On the other hand, if you're improving the title, and happen to make it a question, that's good. The key point is to improve; whether you turn a question into a non-question or a non-question into a question is irrelevant.
For example, the title edits that Michael Mrozek shows weren't just making titles into questions for the sake of it (the edit changelog message is misleading); they were generally (at least the ones I looked at) improving the title. For example, changing "an echo question" into "What does the syntax of these echo commands mean?" is a definite improvement. So is turning "Linux Serial port problem" into "How can I monitor serial port traffic?". On the other hand, I have a slight preference for "Monitoring serial port traffic" — not enough to bother to edit, but it's the title I'd pick if I was editing the post for another reason.
Some final notes, if you intend to go into an edit spree. Thank you, but…
If the title isn't actually a question, making it into one is a grammar improvement, and that on its own is a reason for editing it. But as waffles mentioned, it's a good indication that there might be other problems in the body of the question. So if I can, I try to improve the body as well, not just the title.
Yes. This is acceptable. As a basis for my answer, I provide you with Shog9's answer to a related question:
Since he is now a Valued Associated I consider that a pretty definitive stamp of approval.


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Amazon Appstore for Android 5th Wave of $.25 Apps
Amazon released a list of their apps $.25 They matched some of Google Apps and Added some more. Some of the Apps are: Cut the Rope, Dark Knight Rises Kindle edition, Draw Something, Spy Mouse Kindle Fire Edition, Camera Zoom, Air Control, GUns & Glory WW2 Premium, and Kids Numbers and Math
15 Comments add a comment
Link for the official Google Play sale: https://play.google.com/store/apps/collection/promotion_celebrate_25_billion
Just in case you'd rather not get Amazon involved.
I've noticed that the Amazon price matching deals seem to be outperforming the original Google deals. I'm too lazy or drunk to look at the past comment threads to see if this has been discussed, but is there a particular reason for this? Looking at the Amazon deals, it does not appear to have all of the same apps that Google has at this moment.
@stark: many of the amazon versions are optimized for the kindle fire.
I also like dealing with the amazon appstore much more than googleplay, easier purchase process, and the app is available on ALL my devices after I buy it.
@stark: yah and last year they were offering10-20 store credit for pre-purchase of games (not seen so much this year). It is the not wanting to lose customers/ attract them so they are now used to buying there and will continue to out of habit. Itis a balance that all sellers walk, because as the deals fade so will the customers, but it can be expensive to attract them, tough tight rope.
@kamikazeken: Wait, are you saying that when you buy an app at GooglePlay you can only use it on one device? I only own one device at this point, so I have no idea how this works. I'm looking to get another one in the future since there is some problem with my Galaxy Tab's hardware that makes it necessary to factory reset it every once in a while. When I get a new tablet will I able to use the apps on it I've already purchased?
@kc6201: No. When you buy an app on the Google Play store, you get it for all devices you own or will own. The only caveat is that some apps are incompatible with some devices; there is a button on every app's page that will tell you which of your devices the app will run on. I don't think amazon's app store does this check, since it is primarily intended for the kindle fire.
@wlcrm: You are correct that Amazon's app store does not check for compatibility. The only reason I prefer using Amazon is that it's so much easier to share across devices. Google's store is inked to your profile with Google (usually your gmail address), so it's almost impossible to share with my wife's phone. With Amazon, you can log in using your Amazon account across all devices as long as you trust the user. So I can link my phone, her phone, her Fire, and my crappy but strangely beloved Pocket Edge to the same account and pay once for four devices. Plus, I don't have to have an account at the Play store. I've had an Amazon account for god knows how long, so it's not an issue.
The Amazon Appstore does check for compatibility, at least for the device you are buying from. I have two very different tablets, and some apps are not compatible and Amazon refuses to sell me those. When I do purchase one or get their free app of the day, it is available on both tablets - but a few of those will not install on the older tablet.
5 Apps are left at $.25, get them while you can.
Amazon App Store DOES check for compatibility. I have my S3, Xoom, dectivated Incredible, my wife's S3 and my daughter's Droid X all linked to the same Amazon account. It shows me in the list to the right which devices the app will work on; this feature does seem to only be available on the Web site, but it does check compatibility.
I — almost exclusively — shop at the Amazon App Store because it is much easier to share apps between devices. I don't need my Google account on all the other devices in the house, so my wife and daughter don't have to log in and out of their Google accounts in the Play Store, which automatically activates/deactivates apps based on Google Account. One Click billing, to me, also seems easier.
I would buy everything from Amazon if I could so that I could share between family members using the same account. However, Amazon doesn't have many of these games that Google is discounting. Plus, for many of the good apps that Amazon DOES sell, it is only selling/discounting the non-compatible Kindle versions.
Oh well. At $0.25 each, what's wrong with repurchasing each app for the entire family?
@sinner3k: Just set up a shared house account. We share calendars, contacts and apps through an account on both phones, without having to share our personal gmail info..
Of course you can share with the Google account. just add your account to the other person's device in the Accounts/add account area. Remove it afterward if you like. If that person is backing up the account with Google, they then own it also.
Guns N Glory WW2 !!! Loved the first one and did not know they made a new one!
And only for $.25 .... Yes yes yes!
I bought PicSay Pro, and recieved a $1 credit to buy an album or MP3, only $1 but it's better than nothing, so pretty cool if you ask me. Out of all the apps google put up I bought about 4 from them and 1 from amazon. I think I was able to get picsay pro a day later as I didn't see it day 4, and I missed day 3.

subset: commoncrawl


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An Arctic Norwegian town that once lived in fear of the Red Army has flourished thanks to an influx of Russians who freely cross the NATO member's border to shop, work and get married.
Street names in Kirkenes, in Norway's far northeast, are also displayed in Cyrillic characters, a sign of the friendly coexistence between the former Cold War foes.
"Sometimes we hear more Russian than Norwegian," says Hildur Eikaas, director of Kirkenes' library, a big yellow building topped with a bilingual sign.
Two staff members are Russian and so are many of the books on the shelves.
Most of the Russian borrowers are expatriate women married to Norwegian locals, who come to find reading material for their children. There are also sailors from passing cod fishing trawlers in the Barents Sea.
Around eight percent of Kirkenes' population is estimated to be Russian.
Having long feared an invasion by the mighty Soviet Union's Red Army once stationed nearby, the 10,000 inhabitants of Kirkenes and its surrounding area are now living in harmony with their post-Soviet neighbour.
The border lies around 15 kilometres (nine miles) from town, and last year Norway and Russia decided to lift costly and time consuming visa requirements so that people could cross freely.
The change has been dramatic. When the Cold War ended two decades ago, only 8,000 people crossed the frontier every year. This year, around 250,000 people are expected to pass through the border, and in 2014 authorities believe the number will rise to 400,000.
Even though Norway is one of the most expensive countries in the world, Russians make day trips to Kirkenes to stock up on products and brands that are cheaper or unavailable at home, including coffee.
"You can sometimes see people buying a trolley full of diapers," said a cashier at the Coop supermarket, where again the signs are in the two languages.
As the mayor of a town nicknamed "Little Murmansk" after the Russian port city across the border, Cecilie Hansen couldn't be more pleased about its growing ties with Norway's eastern neighbour.
"The Russians saved us twice. In 1944 when they chased away the Germans and in 1996 when the mine closed. That coincided with the opening of the border and their money became our life line," she says.
After being almost completely destroyed during World War II, Kirkenes -- like many other European towns -- was quickly rebuilt with an emphasis on functionality and cost effectiveness.
It's a charmless but thriving town, where visitors can enjoy dining on whale steak, stewed reindeer and cod tongue. The unemployment rate is one of the world's lowest at less than two percent.
Public administration, an iron ore mine that reopened in 2008, and shipyards provide jobs for locals as well as immigrants.
"In stores and offices, almost everyone speaks Russian," Nadja Alexeyeva, a 57-year-old nurse, says in a second-hand shop owned by the Salvation Army.
The store is run by one of her compatriots, Luba -- short for Lyubov, meaning "love" -- who arrived from Murmansk 16 years ago for that very reason.
"We have almost everything we need here. There are Russian women everywhere," she says.
The midnight sun lights up Kirkenes in the summer, but in winter it's plunged into permanent darkness for two months.
"It's a difficult climate, but where we're from we're used to it," says Nina Strimp Remeskova, one of the Russian librarians who is also from Murmansk.
It remains to be seen whether the Russo-Norwegian love story in a border town can be emulated in other parts of the world.
Hansen, the mayor, hopes others will follow, having travelled to fellow NATO member Turkey to share her success story.


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Enter your zip code for product availability and pickup options at your nearest store or select a store by state.
Our Capriccio Acrylic Bowls by Guzzini are nothing less than visionary. These Italian serving bowls are created to stand up to repeated use while maintaining their stylish integrity. A nesting design saves space in your pantry or cabinet, and the lipped edge makes them easy to pick up and carry. Load them with everything from salads to chips and watch the compliments stack up.
Enter your zip code for product availability and pickup options at your nearest store or select a store by state.
Guzzini uses only first quality, virgin plastic - they don't even use the reground plastic from their own seconds! This ensures the perfection of clarity for which Guzzini is famous. The Italian flair for design is evident in every piece made. Often, the name of the designer is shown on the products packaging - the designer is that important. Design at Guzzini doesn't take place in a vacuum where form overrides function; aesthetics and function go hand-in-hand to create objects of rare beauty and unsurpassed practicality.
Americans tend to think of plastic as an inexpensive, unglamorous material, best employed in the manufacture of cheap, disposable goods. Europeans, however, have a much higher opinion of plastic: they regard it as a medium of artistic expression. This sensibility has led them to use plastic in the production of everything from furniture to clothing. And no one produces a better acrylic plastic product than Guzzini.
Founded over a century ago by the Fratelli Guzzini (Guzzini Brothers), the company has grown steadily and carefully. The production facility in Recanati, Italy is itself a model of modern design: clean, light, mechanized, and computerized. Cutting edge technology (often developed by Guzzini) has not resulted in displaced workers either. As jobs are eliminated by modernization, workers whose skills have become obsolete are retrained. Bottom-line considerations encouraging modernization are balanced with dedication to the extended Guzzini "family".


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Austin Pellett has Alpha-1 Antitrypsin deficiency, a genetic disease that can lead to liver failure at any time. When Austin was two months old his parents first learned he had the hereditary disease.
Brandie Pellett, is Austin's mom. She says: "They did testing. Found out what the problem was and put him on medications and we were expecting the transplant by the age of 2. By 2, he was doing great. Everybody was praying. Everything was going good."
Now at four and a half years old, he's taken a turn for the worse and will need a liver transplant to survive.
"There is no cure as far as blood transfusions. It has to be a liver transplant. That's why organ donation is so important. Because without it, kids like him are going to die."
Austin has grown accustomed to weekly trips to Vanderbilt hospital.
Brandie Pellett has three other sons and says they know when they are playing they have to be careful.
"They all know Austin is sick. They know Austin could die."
Brandie says they have to be especially cautious of Austin's stomach because his spleen could rupture. Now as they prepare to have their name added to the liver transplant list Brandie is trying to plan ahead.
"I feel like I have to do everything three steps ahead. So that if the time comes and we're not prepared, I don't want to be unprepared. I want to put all my time and focus and energy into him and getting him well."
Brandie Pellett says that living donations can be done for liver transplants so they are much riskier. Her husband is a match for Austin's blood type, however doctors would prefer to make sure that Austin gets a liver that does not carry the gene for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency.
The Pellett family is going to Nashville on Monday to have Austin's name added to the liver transplant list.
There are some fundraisers being held for Austin Pellett, if you would like to contribute:
May 7 at Crescent Bowl is "Bowl For Austin Day." The cost is two dollars per game, with a dollar of that going toward helping Austin.
If you would like to make a donation to help the Pellett family with the cost of Austin's medical bills, you can go to any BB&T bank to make a donation to Austin Pellett's Liver Transplant Fund.
For more information on organ donation visit www.livertransplant.org and www.saveoneperson.org.


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The Galaxy captain turned in a top-class showing to overwhelm a Philadelphia side that had the upper hand for much of the match.CHESTER, Pa. -- The LA Galaxy defeated the Philadelphia Union 4-1 to snap a two-game losing streak and keep pace at the top of the Western Conference. Landon Donovan was involved in all four of his team's goals.
Los Angeles went on the scoreboard early. Landon Donovan swung in a corner and Zac MacMath whiffed his catch. The ball bounced off his face and into the net to give LA a fluke lead in the third minute.
The Union equalized in the 23rd minute. Amobi Okugo snuck into the penalty area and stuck his head on Sheanon Williams' long throw.
LA re-took the lead in the 71st minute. Robbie Keane was slipped through the defense by Landon Donovan, and the Irishman had an easy point-blank finish to make it 2-1.
The Galaxy killed the game off just a few minutes later. Donovan picked out Hector Jimenez cutting in unmarked from the right flank, and the midfielder had a straightforward task to put his shot inside MacMath's far post.
Donovan turned the screws a bit more in the 87th, making it 4-1 when he was left unmarked for Robbie Keane to pick out on the run.


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Google informs me that I have reached my viewing limit of The Bread Baker's Apprentice. That means I can't post links to the rest of the recipes in the book. But, you might be able to see the recipes, so check the link above. I will not be posting the recipes here for obvious legal reasons and out of respect for all the work Reinhart has done for his cookbooks. What I hope to do here is inspire you to bake, and guide you through the veganizing.
I have made this focaccia recipe twice now, both times when we had guests. Everyone loved it. But, I suppose that this is because focaccia is pretty heavy on the oil. This recipe makes a wonderfully tender bread with a crispy crust and a honeycomb crumb.
1. I use scant 1/3 of oil total, so I don't bother making the 2 cups of herbed oil Reinhart call for.
2. I have used fresh and dried herbs for the oil. Fresh really is better, but dried isn't too shabby either.
3. I baked this in a stoneware baking sheet since it is the biggest baking sheet I own. I was worried the bottom would not brown enough, but it turns out just fine.
Wednesday, March 3, 2010
Focaccia: Baking Through the Bread Baker's Apprentice
Google informs me that I have reached my viewing limit of The Bread Baker's Apprentice. That means I can't post links to the rest of the recipes in the book. But, you might be able to see the recipes, so check the link above. I will not be posting the recipes here for obvious legal reasons and out of respect for all the work Reinhart has done for his cookbooks. What I hope to do here is inspire you to bake, and guide you through the veganizing.
10 comments:
- Vegan Valerie said...
As always, your food and your photos are wonderful!
I also think its wonderful that you don't type out all the specifics about the recipes of others. It is a very respectful act, and I like that! We can always go and get the book at the library or bookstore and look at the original. Or hop over to somebody's website!
While reading your blog and others, I have thought about my own recipe posts and wondered if I have done anything that shows unkindness toward anyone. I often take inspiration from another's recipe and change and alter it a little here and a little there, and then it seem to become my own creation. So I often post an entire recipe out on my blog. But I always give references and links back to those who inspired my meal. Is this wrong?
When I started my food blog last Spring, I never really thought about others reading it. I was just keeping track of my own favorites. So entirety typing them out didn't seem to matter. But my aim has evolved and now I do have a small gathering of readers. I am concerned that mayhaps my methods show disrespect to those who I mean to admire...
I guess I am just trying to say that I am grateful that you have integrity and respect for other chefs and their hard work. I want to be sure and do the same as you. Thank you for helping me think through things today!
- March 3, 2010 at 9:41 PM
- VivaciousVegan said...
Have you eaten anything else lately???? :)
- March 4, 2010 at 12:36 AM
- Vegan Deluxe said...
I've been looking for a really good baking cookbook to buy. Is this on your top recommend list? Any other ideas? I'm more into the breads than the sweet things.
- March 4, 2010 at 7:47 AM
- Bianca said...
I LOVE foccacia bread. I should really try my hand at making it sometime. And those tofu sticks from the last post look amazing!
- March 4, 2010 at 3:16 PM
- Catherine said...
I LOVE this recipe. Every time I've made it there is bread perfection. I've had the BBA for about a year now, I've been inspired to bake through it. Thanks!
- March 4, 2010 at 9:45 PM
- 119 said...
- March 5, 2010 at 6:30 PM
- Carolyn said...
Focaccia has become one of my favorite breads. Crust is da bomb for me, and we got it in spades with focaccia! I have Reinhart's "Whole Grain Breads", and it has a 100% whole wheat focaccia recipe in it, so I will try that. "The Bread Baker's Apprentice" is on the list, though, as soon as my budget cooperates...
- March 5, 2010 at 8:39 PM
- Amanda said...
Nice blog! Perhaps you'd be interested in mine too! Right now I'm hosting a giveaway of 2 dozen homemade vegan cookies, your choice of flavor! Enter to win and spread the word. GO VEG!!!
- March 5, 2010 at 10:55 PM
- Vegan Dad said...
Vegan Deluxe,
This is a great book, and is more about breads than sweets. Reinhart also has a great Whole Grain book, and a new one on artisan breads. All great.
- March 8, 2010 at 3:39 PM
- Vegan Deluxe said...
Thanks! Will definitely check them out.
- March 21, 2010 at 1:53 PM


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The MAED with an emphasis in Curriculum and Instruction is a program directed toward the preparation of master classroom teachers and is offered both on-site and online. The online masters degree in education program provides the opportunity for the teacher to extend preparation in professional education through coursework and to pursue further work in subject matter areas where he/she feels a need for greater teaching proficiency.
This program will enable the teacher to:
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Write us and we'll get it to you.


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This may be a somewhat silly question, but there it goes.
Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p>0$ and let $A=A_{/k}$ be an ordinary abelian variety of dimension $g\geq1$. One knows that the $p$-torsion of $A$ is a product: $$A[p]=\hat A[p]\times T_p(A)\otimes(\Bbb Z_p/p\Bbb Z_p).$$ Here $\hat A[p]$ is the maximal connected subgroup, $T_p(A)\otimes(\Bbb Z_p/p\Bbb Z_p)$ is etale, both factors are subgroups of rank $p^g$ and they're Cartier dual of each other.
The completely inseparable isogeny obtained by quotient by $\hat A[p]$ is the relative Frobenius $F_k:A\rightarrow A^{(p)}$ where $A^{(p)}$ is the abelian variety obtained by twisting the $k$-structure of $A$ by the geometric Frobenius i.e. the automorphism $x\mapsto x^{1/p}$ of $k$.
The isogeny $A\rightarrow A^\prime$ obtained by quotient by $C=T_p(A)\otimes(\Bbb Z_p/p\Bbb Z_p)$ is etale and after an identification $A\simeq(A^\prime)^{(p)}$ is the Verschiebung $V_k:(A^\prime)^{(p)}\rightarrow A^\prime$ associated with $A^\prime$.
Is there a standard notation for the abelian variety that I denoted $A^\prime$? I have checked a few textbooks and lecture notes about abelian varieties and/or group schemes, but I seemed not to be able to find any.


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Authors: Jason Lee MD,1 Indra J. Das PhD,1 Shiao Y. Woo MD,2 Walter Grant PhD,2 Bin S. Teh MD,2 J. Kam Chiu MD,2 E. Brian Butler MD2
Affiliations: Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania1 Department of Radiation Oncology, The Methodist Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine2
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a rapidly emerging technique for delivering conformal treatment plans. IMRT relies on inverse treatment planning based on clinical target and avoidance parameters, rather than a forward planning process of various beam, weight, and energy configurations. Computer optimization can generate treatment plans consisting of spatially nonuniform radiation beams that produce a relatively uniform dose distribution within a target volume. The implementation of IMRT has been made possible by high-speed computer equipment and the introduction of multileaf collimators on most linear accelerators. IMRT has a wide range of potential clinical applications, particularly in central nervous system, head and neck, breast, and prostate cancer patients. A number of clinical studies have demonstrated superior dose distributions with IMRT compared to conventional radiation therapy, reduced acute radiation toxicity as a result of normal tissue avoidance, and ability to perform dose-escalation. In addition to the clinical uses of IMRT, the process of IMRT treatment planning and issues related to implementation of IMRT are also reviewed in this two-part article.
Radiation therapy (RT) plays an important role in the curative and palliative management of cancer patients. Nearly two-thirds of patients will receive radiation therapy during the course of their cancer. Advances in radiation oncology are taking place at both at the physical and biologic level. With the advent of superior imaging technology and faster computing equipment, there has been considerable progress in the ability to physically deliver radiation dose to regions containing tumor and limit dose to normal tissues. One of the recent advances in radiation oncology is the introduction of "intensity-modulated radiation therapy," or IMRT. This article is divided into two parts: the first part will discuss the concept and planning of IMRT, and the second part with discuss the delivery of IMRT, its uses in various clinical settings, and a comparision of IMRT to conventionally delivered RT.
Learning Objectives
After reading this article, patients, clinicians and therapists should be able to:
Historical Perspective of Conventional Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is a common cancer treatment used in half or more of all patients with malignancies. Although radiation therapy has been effective for many years in curing many cancers, the potential acute and late-term damage to normal tissues is the major limiting factor. The ability to deliver radiation has improved with (1) better understanding of radiation reactions, (2) better radiation equipment, (3) better diagnostic imaging technology, (4) better treatment planning, and (5) better delivery systems.
Treatment planning in radiation oncology has undergone major evolution in the past several decades (Figure 2-1). Early radiation treatment delivery was designed to aim at clinically visible or palpable disease. Later, radiation fields were crudely shaped with standard lead blocks around external landmarks. The introduction of the simulator in the 1960's allowed greater flexibility in beam arrangement and custom shaping of portals. The advances in simulators with fluoroscopy gained wide spread application in treatment. While clinical setups and conventional simulation are still in wide use today, CT-based treatment planning allows precise target definition and more focused (conformal) delivery of radiation dose. "Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy" (3D-CRT) systems proliferated as a method of permitting higher dose to tumor, limiting dose to normal tissue, and ultimately improving local control and patient outcomes. (1)
Figure 2-1: Historical perspective in treatment planning
Treatment planning with 3D-CRT added flexibility in optimizing delivery of radiation dose to tumor while limiting normal tissue reactions. 3D-CRT allowed radiation oncologists to achieve this goal by the use of multiple portals (often 5 or 6), non-coplanar beam arrangements, proper weighting of beams, and tissue compensation for variations in tissue contour or density. Several clinical trials have demonstrated decreased normal tissue toxicity, particularly with prostate radiotherapy,(2) and the ability to escalate dose for prostate, lung, and brain tumors.(3-5) The treatment planning process also became more complex, as depicted in Figure 2-2. Following patient immobilization and multiplanar imaging, traditional "forward-planning" 3D-CRT required clinicians and dosimetrists to develop beam parameters and evaluate dose distribution more or less by trial and error. For fairly routine cases such as prostate radiotherapy, various sets of standardized beam arrangements have been developed, saving themselves and others the exercise of iterative treatment planning. For more complex cases with irregular tumor contours or varying critical surrounding normal tissues, custom beam parameters need to be developed that satisfactorally deliver adequate dose to tumor while keeping surrounding doses within normal tissue tolerance. With the addition of variables such as oblique beam angles, couch rotation, and 3D dose computation, this process can often be time-consuming and sometimes may not lead to the development of an optimal plan.
Figure 2-2: Forward 3D Treatment Planning Model
Inverse Treatment Planning
In contrast to forward planning, inverse treatment planning (ITP) produces highly conformal dose distributions while minimizing the trial-and-error process. The basic planning process is outlined in Figure 2-3. While the acquisition of patient data is no different, the method of generating beam parameters is revolutionized. In ITP, the radiation oncologist specifies target and normal structure volumes as well as dose-restrictions on these volumes, and optimization of beam parameters is performed by computer.(6) Although there are multiple optimization algorithms, the basic goal is to "backproject" the desired target volume isodose through the patient tissues to determine the most favorable portal geometry and radiation intensity. If the calculated isodose distribution and associated dose-volume histogram is not satisfactory, the optimization is repeated with modifications to clinical parameters, until an acceptable solution is reached. Often these iterations are used for "fine-tuning" of dose-volume constraints. The mathematics of backprojection have been described over 20 years ago, but it is now available for clinical use. Another term used is simulated annealing which is basically an inverse planning process. With the introduction of less expensive and more powerful computing equipment, this optimization process has become practical and cost-effective for many radiation oncology facilities. Automated multileaf collimation available on modern linear accelerators has allowed efficient delivery of multiple and complex portal geometries. A step-by-step outline of the planning process is further discussed below.
Figure 2-3: Inverse Treatment Planning Model
Intensity Modulation
Radiation portals in conventional radiation therapy and 3D-CRT can be shaped by custom blocks or multileaf collimators, but the intensity or fluence of the radiation beam has traditionally been uniform within the treated region. By adjusting the beam-intensity across the field, another dimension to treatment delivery could be provided to permit even more conformal dose distributions. This treatment delivery is known as intensity-modulated radiation therapy, or IMRT.(7) In IMRT, the intensity of the radiation exposure in one portion of the field is modified depending on whether tumor or critical normal structures are present in the beam pathway. Hence, the beam is divided into multiple beamlets, which are the essence of IMRT. When the beamlet hits sensitive normal tissues such as the spinal cord or parotid glands, the intensity is lowered, and when the beamlet hits tumor, the intensity is higher. By dividing the radiation beam into multiple slices, the beam-intensity in any slice can be varied by computer-controlled multileaf collimation during the radiation exposure. A highly schematized model of this process is shown in Figure 2-4, where the treated tumor wraps around a critical normal organ at risk for radiation injury. While the radiation source, or linear accelerator gantry head, moves around the patient, both the shape of the beam portal and the intensity of the beam slices (lighter shades representing higher radiation intensity) are varied to avoid the organ at risk while treating tumor. This results in highly conformal distributions of radiation dose, even around concave tumor volumes.
Figure 2-4: IMRT model
Many vendors have embraced the concept of IMRT, and a number of commercial systems are available for the delivery of IMRT. While there are many potential advantages to IMRT, a number of disadvantages and limitations also exist and will be further discussed later in this article (Table 2-1). The remainder of this two part article will expand upon the treatment planning and delivery of IMRT as well as the present clinical uses of IMRT.
|Conformal dose distribution around tumor
Avoidance of critical structures and less local toxicity
Computer-generated optimization
| Equipment costs higher
Special immobilization and gating required
Treatment time often longer
Additional quality assurance necessary
Learning curve can be steep
|Table 2-1: Potential Advantages and Disadvantages of IMRT Compared with Conventional RadiationTherapy.
ImmobilizationBecause IMRT delivers radiation in a precise fashion, patient positioning and immobilization are crucial in successful treatment of patients. Radiation oncologists pursue IMRT as a method of minimizing dose to normal tissues by tightening margins on tumor volumes. This requires daily reproducible setup accuracy within a few millimeters or less, depending on the type of cancer and the size and location of the target. Certain tumor sites are well-suited for IMRT, such as head and neck cancer, brain cancer, and prostate cancer, because of their relatively stable position in relation to bony anatomy and close proximity to critical normal structures. New immobilization devices have been developed to improve patient immobilization and localization of the target volumes in 3D space.
For head and neck or intracranial tumors, an immobilization device which consists of two screws inserted into the vertex of the skull and fixated to the treatment table had been first used for a variety of intracranial tumors. A noninvasive method using special reinforced thermoplastic masks is more convenient, and results in similar precision in patient setup.(8) Unlike a standard themoplastic mask, these are further stabilized by a custom mold for the occiput and additional straps over the mask which further limit head motion (Figure 3-1). For prostate cancer, many centers are performing body vacuum cast immobilization to limit body motion (Figure 3-2). Because the prostate itself may move within the body due to the contents of the bladder or rectum, additional localization methods have been developed or tested to improve targeting. These methods include transabdominal ultrasound localization,(9) rectal balloon insufflation, or even real-time micro-adjustment based on intraprostatic markers.(10) Each of these techniques has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of accuracy, setup time, and patient inconvenience.
Figure 3-1: Mask immobilization used for cancers of the brain and head and neck
Figure 3-2: Body cradle for prostate treatment
In some forms of IMRT delivery, the patient position is adjusted in relation to the radiation source by movement of the treatment couch. This is true with treatment using the Peacock (NOMOS Corporation) system, or any system which delivers sequential arcs along the length of the patient. Even a 1 mm error in the couch position between arcs can result in a 10% deviation in dosimetry.(11) Therefore, one solution has been the commercial development of a highly accurate table positioning device known as the Crane (NOMOS Corporation), shown in Figure 3-3. The Crane measures the "table index," or the linear-position of the couch, within hundreths of a millimeter in order to minimize dose-inhomogeneity between arcs. A newer table indexing device attaches directly to the treatment couch and is less cumbersome (Figure 3-4).
Figure 3-3: Floor-based Crane table indexing device
Figure 3-4: Crane II table indexing device
Acquisition of Patient Data
Treatment planning for 3D-CRT and IMRT both rely on patient images based on CT scans most commonly, but also MRI and PET scans. Image fusion has been available for better delineation of the target volume. These CT scans are performed with the patient in the treatment position and with necessary immobilization devices in place. Some facilities may rely on a CT scanner in a radiology department, and have the images imported into planning computers. Many radiation oncology departments now have a dedicated CT scanner for image acquisition or a combination CT scanner and "virtual simulator" such as the AcQSim?lt;/sup> (Picker International, Cleveland, OH). Instead of conventional fluoroscopy simulation, a virtual simulator uses the CT images to generate digitally reconstructed radiographic images to design radiation portals. During the acquisition of the CT scan, a number of special markers are placed on the patient or the patient's immobilization device which allow planning computers to localize any point within the patient in 3D space. These markers are known as "fiducial marks," and may consist of small BBs, cross-hatches, rods, etc. Target volumes and normal tissues are then outlined on the CT images for both forward planning and inverse treatment planning systems.
Figure 3-5: CT simulator by Picker
Target and Normal Tissue Definition
Once the CT images are obtained in the treatment position, the radiation oncologist and dosimetrist outline tumor volumes and normal tissue structures. If gross tumor is present, a target corresponding to this gross tumor volume (GTV) is outlined. In addition, a target corresponding to microscopic or subclinical disease may be outlined, and referred to as the clinical target volume (CTV). If there is no gross tumor present, only a CTV may be relevant for a particular case. In IMRT, multiple gross and subclinical target volumes can be outlined, as one may elect to treat each volume with a different daily dose. For treatment, an additional margin may be added to the GTV and CTV to allow for small variations in patient positioning and setup. A detailed description of this terminology can be found in ICRU 50 and ICRU 62 (12,13).
One of the greatests strengths of IMRT is its ability to limit dose to normal structures. The normal organs at risk (OAR) for potential radiation injury must be contoured. For head and neck or intracranial tumors, the OARs generally include the brainstem, lens, optic nerve and chiasm, parotid glands, spinal cord, and portions of normal brain, such as the temporal lobe. For intrathoracic tumors, the OARs may include the spinal cord, heart, lungs, and possibly esophagus. For abdominal tumors, the liver, kidneys, and spinal cord are the structures of greatest concern. In the example shown in Figure 3-6, the primary pancreatic tumor is contoured in red, the nodal regions at risk in green, and the right and left kidneys in blue and purple, respectively. For prostate cancer, the morbidity arises from rectal or bladder injury or weakening of the femoral heads. In forward planning systems, the dose per volume (ie, dose-volume histogram) can be obtained for the critical organs. In ITP, the treatment can be tailored to certain dose-volume constraints defined for these structures.
Figure 3-6: Outlining volumes of interest
Target and Normal Tissue Dose CriteriaOnce the target volumes and normal tissue avoidance structures have been contoured, the desired dose to targets and dose-limits to normal tissues must be specified. The first available inverse planning system allowed the physician to specify a dose-limit or goal to various structures, and assigned each structure a weighting. The differential weighting of tumor and normal tissues tells the computer the relative importance of constraining to the specified dose. In most cases, the tumor receives the highest weighting; however, critical structures can be assigned higher weightings if injury would result in unacceptable consequences, such as blindness or myelopathy. The typical dose-limits and weightings to various normal structures for prostate cancer IMRT used at The Methodist Hospital (Houston, TX; Baylor College of Medicine) are shown in Table 3-1. These dose-limits and weightings are continually refined as experience is gained to adjust for the observed degree of toxicity (or lack thereof) and cure rates in treated patients.
|Normal and Target Structures
|Dose Threshold or Goal (cGy)
|Bony Pelvis
|Soft Tissues of Pelvis
|Prostate + 4 mm Margin
|Seminal Vesicles
The target dose goals and normal tissue dose-constraints must be realistic. A set of criteria specifying 100% of dose to the target and 0% of dose to normal tissues is not likely to result in an identifiable treatment plan. On the other hand, the dose-constraints should also represent clinically ideal but achievable intentions. In the case of odd-shaped targets and multiple adjacent normal structures (common with brain tumors), dose-constraints sometimes need to be relaxed; dose-homogeneity within the target may need to be sacrificed in order to reduce dose to a critical structure. A "hot spot" in tumor may be preferable to exceeding tolerance of a critical organ. Inverse treatment planning does not replace clinical judgment, but helps provide solutions to difficult radiotherapy problems.
Optimization Algorithm
Following the specification of optimization criteria, the computer performs an iterative search to determine the optimal nonuniform beam fluence pattern. A number of optimization algorithms have been developed.(14) In general, these algorithms express the optimization criteria mathetically as an objective function. The goodness of a proposed treatment plan is assigned a value or score based on the objective function; the optimization algorithm searches for a plan to minimize this score. A simple example is an algorithm which minimizes the squares of the differences between the desired dose and calculated dose to the target, as well as the penalties for exceeding dose-limits to normal structures is shown below:
A patient's CT image is divided into small volume units, known as voxels, and the dose to each voxel is calculated for an initial set of beam weighting. The beam is also divided into small rays, also known as beamlets or pencil beams, and the contribution of each beamlet to the normal tissues and target is determined. The size of the beamlets vary based on the delivery system, but typically involve a voxel size of 1 ? 1 cm3. The weighting of each beamlet is slightly adjusted to produce favorable changes to the overall treatment plan. This process is repeated until the objective function can no longer be improved. The result of the optimization is a planned dose distribution with a relatively uniform dose to the target volume with doses to critical organs at risk, or a portion thereof, held below a tolerance level specified by the radiation oncologist. If the dose distribution is acceptable, the beamlet pattern is converted into instructions for control of the MLC and gantry for patient treatment.
Michalski JM, Purdy JA, Winter K, et al. Preliminary report of toxicity following 3D radiation therapy for prostate cancer on 3DOG/RTOG 9406. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000;46(2):391-402.
Zelefsky MJ, Leibel SA, Gaudin PB, et al. Dose escalation with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy affects the outcome in prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;41(3):491-500.
Robertson JM, Ten Haken RK, Hazuka MB, et al. Dose escalation for non-small cell lung cancer using conformal radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997;37(5):1079-85.
Lee SW, Fraass BA, Marsh LH, et al. Patterns of failure following high-dose 3-D conformal radiotherapy for high-grade astrocytomas: a quantitative dosimetric study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999;43(1):79-88.
Bortfeld T. Optimizing planning using physical objectives and contraints. Sem Radiat Oncol 1999;9(1):20-34.
Verley LJ. Comparison of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and intensity-modulated radiation therapy systems. Sem Radiat Oncol 1999;9(1):78-98.
Tsai JS, Engler MJ, Ling MN, et al. A non-invasive immobilization system and related quality assurance for dynamic intensity modulated radiation therapy of intracranial and head and neck disease. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999;43(2):455-67.
Lattanzi J, McNeeley S, Hanlon A, et al. Ultrasound-based stereotactic guidance of precision conformal external beam radiation therapy in clinically localized prostate cancer. Urology 2000;55(1):73-8.
Shimizu S, Shirato H, Kitamura K, et al. Three-dimensional (3D) localization and verification of pelvic tumors using internal markers and a double-axial x-ray television system [Abstract]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999;45(3 Suppl.):409.
Low DA, Chao KS, Mutic S, et al. Quality assurance of serial tomotherapy for head and neck patient treatments. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;42(3):681-92.
International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. ICRU 50: In Prescribing, Recording, and Reporting Photon Beam Therapy. Bethesda, MD, 1993.
International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. ICRU 62: In Prescribing, Recording, and Reporting Photon Beam Therapy (Supplement to ICRU Report 50). Bethesda, MD, 1999.
Bortfeld T. Optimized planning using physical objectives and constraints. Sem Radiat Oncol 1999;9(1):20-34.
Boyer AL, Ochran TG, Nyerick CE, et al. Clinical dosimetry for implementation of a multileaf collimator. Med Phys 1992;19:1255-61.
Jordan TJ, Williams PC. The design and performance characteristics of a multileaf collimator. Phys Med Biol 1994;39:231-251.
Das IJ, Desobry GE, McNeeley SW, et al. Beam characteristics of a retrofitted double-focused multileaf collimator. Med Phys 1998;25:1676-84.
Burman C, Chui CS, Kutcher G, et al. Planning, delivery, and quality assurance of intensity-modulated radiotherapy using dynamic multileaf collimator: a strategy for large-scale implementation for the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997;39(4):863-73.
Eisbruch A, Marsh LH, Martel MK, et al. Comprehensive irradiation of head and neck cancer using conformal multisegmental fields: assessment of target coverage and noninvolved tissue sparing. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;41(3):559-568.
OncoLink is designed for educational purposes only and is not engaged in rendering medical advice or professional services. The information provided through OncoLink should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or a disease. It is not a substitute for professional care. If you have or suspect you may have a health problem or have questions or concerns about the medication that you have been prescribed, you should consult your health care provider.
Information Provided By: www.oncolink.org | © 2016 Trustees of The University of Pennsylvania


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The energy was high and the sun was shining in San Francisco last week during the Pentaho Global Partner Summit 2011. Pentaho partners from nearly 20 countries around the world came together at the Presidio Golden Gate Club for two days of shared insights, innovation, and networking around open source business intelligence and data integration.
We could go on forever about highlights from the event's action-packed two days, such as the Global Partner Award ceremony or the Lightening Round session where partners from Hong Kong, Quebec, Portugal, and more impressed us with their innovative implementations of Pentaho. However, we think it best to recount the highlights as shared by our friends and partners:
Thank you!
Thank you to all attendees, speakers, and participants, for playing a part in this year's Global Partner Summit. It is our hope that you walked away with new ideas, opportunities, knowledge, and a sense of the spirit that continues to drive Pentaho to "Rise Above". We hope that the experience was valuable to you and your organization, and look forward to seeing what you will accomplish in 2011.
For More…
We welcome you to read these blogs and articles for more information on this year's Global Partner Summit.
- Pentaho Announces Winners of 2011 Global Partner Award (Pentaho)
- In Commercial Open Source, Partners = Community (Sandeep Giri, Open Intelligence)
- Pentaho Global Partner Summit 2011 – Day One (Tom Barber, Pentaho Musings)
- Pentaho Global Partner Summit 2011 – Day Two (Tom Barber, Pentaho Musings)
- #PGPS on Twitter
- Photos of the event on the Pentaho Facebook page (go ahead and tag yourself or others)


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| Thinnes, Billy, Hydrocarbon Processing Staff, Houston, TX
[market price]
Chinas significant domestic supply of coal, combined
with a domestic shortage of several key chemical feedstocks, especially ethylene and
propylene, are driving increased Chinese demand for more
production of chemical feedstocks from coal, according to a
new IHS study that assessed the key technologies and economics
of coal-to-olefins (CTO) processes employed in China.
The study noted that, in 2011, China had an ethylene
capacity of 15.7 MMt and production of 14.4 MMt. On the demand
side, Chinas total ethylene equivalent consumption
(including imports of first-order derivatives such as
polyethylene) far exceeded its domestic ethylene supply. China
imported nearly 8 million tons of polyethylene alone in 2011,
accounting for 42% of total Chinese demand.
In a new five-year plan covering 20112015, the Chinese
set a target that 20% of the countrys ethylene production
will come from other diversified sources, which for
Chinaa country with abundant coal supplies that is a
net-importer of oilpractically means coal.
According to IHS, Chinas domestic demand for oil was
9.4 million bpd in 2011, of which 57% was imported.
Likewise, Chinas propylene production was 13.1 MMt in
2011. On the demand side, Chinas total propylene
equivalent consumption, including imports of first-order
derivatives such as polypropylene, also far exceeded its
domestic propylene supply. China imported nearly 5 MMt of
polypropylene alone in 2011, accounting for 30% of total
demand. The propylene shortage in China is projected to stay at about 5 MMtpy
until 2020.
The processes studied included the gasification of
bituminous coal by GE Texaco or Shell gasifiers to produce
synthetic gases (syngas), followed by methanol synthesis and
methanol-to-olefins (MTO) production. The MTO technologies
studied included UOP/Hydro MTO and Lurgi methanol-to-propylene
(MTP) technologies. Economic evaluations were based on a US
Gulf Coast location. However, since most coal-based olefin projects are occurring in China, the
economics in the review were adjusted to reflect production and
capital costs for a Chinese location. The adjustment was
achieved by examining the variations in technologies deployed
in China and accounts for capital investment, raw materials,
utility and labor costs relative to the design basis used in
the report.
To address the countrys chemical feedstock shortage, China has built
or is planning many high-capacity, integrated CTO and
coal-to-propylene (CTP) plants. Thirteen plants are in the
works, with four of those currently operational.
According to the IHS review, all coal-based processes
analyzed in the review showed lower direct costs, but higher
indirect costs (due to high capital investments) as compared to
competing (petroleum-based) processes for CTO and CTP,
respectively. To enable baseline comparisons of chemical
engineering processes for this review, return on investment
(ROI) was the primary factor considered, and the costs were not
weighted for environmental impact.
For olefins production, based on the market price of olefins
at the time of analysis, the MTO process based on outsourced
methanol offers the highest ROI,
followed by the integrated GE/MTO process, and finally,
steam-cracking of naphtha, which is a petroleum-based process.
In terms of propylene production, based on the market price of
propylene at the time of analysis, the MTP process based on
outsourced methanol offers the highest ROI,
followed by the integrated Shell/MTP process using bituminous
coal, the integrated Shell/MTP using lignite, and finally, the
integrated Siemens/MTP. HP
All comments are subject to editorial review.
All fields are compulsory.
Moses Tombale
I want to venture in to Coal to Ethylene for industrial production here in Botswana, so need to be advised on the requiments of establishing such a project to utilise our coal reserves in our country. I would like to be informed on all technical aspects you may see necessary to tell, Funding for the Project is availlable from my Government.
Dr Mohamed El Daoushy
As an expert in the field,previously studying inEgypt and in Germany at Aachen Polytechnical Uni (BSc+Msc+PhD) with industrial expertience in Egypt,Germ,any & Algeria I appreciate your efforts to convert low grade raw materials into high grade intermediate and final products,i.e. more progress and higher income thru less unemployment,higher added values and satisfying market needs by application of valuable applied technologies.I wish you good luckDr DaoushyCairo Tel 002 01001412840www.drdaoushy.com
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A searchable database of project activity in the global hydrocarbon processing industry
Engineers and designers are highly skilled individuals. Forcing them to enter design changes using tables, forms and spreadsheets is unproductive and uneconomical, and it increases the likelihood of human error—this is the way that most instrumentation software systems currently work. For too long, software vendors have denied engineers and designers the simple practicality of a graphical visual engineering interface with "drag and drop" capability and inbuilt intelligence, ensuring changes are automatically replicated into all the associated data and databases.
Is 2016 the peak for US gasoline demand?
Too soon to tell
July 2016


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Yankee Candle - 50% sale All Tarts & Votives for $1
Half off
Code: XF003A3
Unlimited quantity; $5 flat shipping; ends March 24th
I give these as inexpensive tokens of appreciation to my friends. Everyone loves Yankee Candles, and I love letting my friends know that I appreciate them. Get some of the tiny white gift bags on sale, put a little colored tissue in the bag and you've got a very nice little gift for just over $1.
9 Comments add a comment
For a printable coupon:
Fantastic deal I love candles
I was hoping that they also carried beeswax candles. It looks like a very nice selection, though.
@cassandratroy: I don't think Yankee Candle has ever carried Beeswax or Soy i wish they would. Both of those products tend to hold scents better, although I do find that Soy burns a bit dirty. I love Candles though.
Does it work for the big ones?
@kmjoen230: No, this is just for the votives and tarts.
thank you
Yankee candle does make soy candles called "Beanswax" I picked up a bunch of them at an after Christmas sale at one of their B&M stores in NJ.
FWIW, I have placed 2 orders on their website and never received a confirmation email. For the first order I called and asked. They found my order and gave me the info. The second I didn't bother, I just got candles elsewhere. I wasn't charged either, but I don't think their web store works.


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Dog-walkers in Bowling Green's city-owned cemeteries will soon face new restrictions under a law the city commission will consider tomorrow night.
Commissioner Slim Nash wrote the new ordinance after relatives complained they were finding dog mess on their loved ones gravesites.
Neva Gielow visits her husband's grave regularly and says she hasn't had many problems, but wouldn't want to find an unwelcome mess.
"It is important. I don't object to dogs being walked out here in the cemetery. but I certainly would want them to be on a leash or something," Gielow said.
"I think that this legislation comes up with a compromise that both sides can live with," Commissioner Slim Nash, who wrote the ordinance, said.
The new law would require dog owners to have their animals on a leash at all times, keep their pets on paved roads, and pick up after their dogs, or face an instant fine from cemetery workers on site.
Commissioner Nash says he will give pet owners every chance to walk within the new rules, but he'll be the first to suggest banning them if they don't.


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No, I spelt it right, I hoard, not Horde.
I am not like some that hoard their 1st drop, or T1 gear (not that I ever got that), or collect pets (I do have my 1st mount and 1st non-combat pet etc).
No, that isn't the sort of hoarding that is starting to bug me. I have enchanting mats, quest items, quests and "maybe-one-day gear".
Enchanting Mats.
I don't know why I hoard these.
- For the alt I want to power level in enchanting – not likely
- For the level 25 alt that need an enchant – I could just farm the AH.
I have high level stuff too of course, but my gear isn't changing fast enough, I haven't made spellcloth in ages (I could, I just never get around to it). Maybe I should just clear it all out.
What do you think?
Quest Items.
Encrypted Twilight texts, feathers, bombs etc. I just never seem to accept I wont go back and get one or two more for the hand in. I never quite get around to doing the quest, or I drop the quest and forget what the item was for… then I am too scared to dump it.
I am sitting on 25/25 quests at the moment. Quite a few of them are mid-60 group quests that i always wanted to experience – there is really no other value in them.
Others are level 70 quests that just require 1 or 2 voyages into heroic instances, or certain boss drops. I have the trial of Naaru quests – not sure why.
I have 1/2 completed dailies – I don't want to drop them – They are 1/2 done! But I never get the time to finish them off.
I have PvP dailies, 1 AV and 2 World PvP. But they either take time I don't have, or are reliant on things not being owned by Alliance, or enough Alliance around to do them… and the wait & wipes are frustrating.
Do I just drop the quests and start over with a clean slate? I really can't be bothered tracking down the quest givers to get them again…
"Maybe-one-day gear".
This is the gear I am hoarding for that day I get a new drop and need to change things around. Either they were superseded, or were never quite up to scratch, or (don't read this bit Zupa) are for the dim dark day I respec Frost.
I have resistance gear, because I am bound to step into Molten Core at some point…. right?
The gear I find hardest to drop is the quest reward gear. The other stuff, worst case I have to run and instance again (and again), praying for a drop. But I can never get the quest rewards again. I don't care if it's level 60… I can't get it back once I DE it.
I can't say I am overly sentimental, it's just I hate that sinking feeling when I DE something. Vendor and item and you have until you logout (or sell too much) to change your mind and beg it back from the shopkeeper. De it, and it's gone. No second chances… I panic every time.
I think this week I am going to build a list of things I that:
- I really want to keep.
- I really want to do.
- Get rid of the rest.
I am going to beg and plead with my mates to help me clear my quest log (it never works, but there is still a greater chance of them helping me than finding a pug in LFG for a group quest… how many hours have I spent in LFG for group quests…
Actually, I don't think I am playing this week. It's my son's 2nd birthday, so I have 2 weeks to chicken out and live with a full bank.
After all, if I DE all the gear, I am just going to have more enchanting mats, then I will have to make some more decisions.
Gnomer and Out!


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Smarte Jack Kit Without Wheels (Kit Only) - Quality Mark
This item is found in the following Product Families
Smarte Jack
Now you can move your boat lift all by yourself without any help from another person! The Smarte Jack is a retractable wheel kit that makes moving …
The Smarte Jack kit allows for one person easy, safe installation and removal of any boat lift. The heavy duty plastic wheels remain on the lift so there is no need to reinstall the wheel kit as With other lift kits when removing the lift in the fall. The Smarte Jack system raises and lowers the lift with 18" of adjustability similar to car jack with a 9/16" socket or cordless drill. The Smarte Jack kit is constructed of coated heavy duty aluminum with a 700-lb capacity per jack. Smarte Jack is the simple, safe, and easy way to raise and roll your boat lift. The optional heavy duty plastic wheels install on the Smarte Jack wheel brackets making installation and removal a snap!
Is made from aluminum Fits on most boat lifts Requires no tools to install Is a one-time, easy install Uses heavy duty plastic wheels Is easy to level: adjusts up and down Adjusts with wrench or cordless drill Rolls easily on all terrains
My smarte jack will not go up or down. how to fix?
Unfortunately iboats has no technicians to be able to diagnose that. You can ask in our forums with boating experts and other boaters. http://forums.iboats.com/
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I love having a dark themed interface, and the "Substance Graphite Aqua" is kinda awesome. I have two points in the post a question and an idea.
a) Is there anyway to change the background of the line numbers panel? It sticks out like a sore thumb on contrasted to the dark grey of the rest of the UI. Under Options > Gutter there is a "Color" option with a box, however this only affects font colour for the line numbers. A background colour option would be nice to have here too. Apologies if I'm being blind about this.
b) An idea: have the LaF selection for the main UI also affect the editor. I understand that this may be complicated given that they are separate components, however imo it's a nice touch. It's kinda awkward to have a massive white square in the middle of my screen. I have no problem with manually changing the colours - I'd have done it anyway - but I know people that would just be like O_o and become confused. It's not a massive problem though.


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Minn Kota Maxxum - 70 lb Thrust, 52" Shaft, 24V, 5/Multiple Speed - Hand Control
This item is found in the following Product Families
Minn Kota Maxxum Bow-mount Hand Control Trolling Motors
Enhance your solo-fishing experience with the Minn Kota Maxxum Bow-Mount Hand Control Trolling Motor. It features Tilt/Extend Tiller control that …
Maxxum hand control models are available in thrust levels ffrom 101, 80, 70 and 55 lbs with a 52" shaft length.
- New Tilt/Extend Tiller handle can both tilt (up to 45°) and extend (up to 6") for maximum control.
- It also features a new ergonomically contoured grip.
- Our exclusive Bowguard 360° breaks away on impact from any angle, then automatically resets itself.
- Digital Maximizer? is available on Max80 and Max101 for up to five times longer run time on a single charge.
- Cool, quiet power.
- Weedless Wedge 2 prop. Features Minn Kota's two-year warranty.
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I have used various Linux distributions in the past.
Thought I would maybe get back into it. So I chose Ubuntu and began setting up my hardware. I was installing a Lexmark printer driver when suddenly it requested the root password. I entered "root" as that is what the root password in Linux has always been. Im going back 20 years.
Anyway I've got this installation prompt for password sitting on the back burner while I search the net for the default root password. I can't seem to find it anywhere. I stead I find somebody stating that Ubuntu doesn't release the password so we can't muss things up. Is this true?
Please tell me it isn't so. In my mind that goes away from everything that Linux is, or was.


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Ash Grove Cement Company has agreed to pay a $2.5 million penalty and invest approximately $30 million in pollution control technology at its nine Portland cement manufacturing plants to resolve alleged violations of the Clean Air Act, announced the Department of Justice and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The company says the action will further Ash Grove's efforts to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide from its cement plant at Louisville, Neb., as well as plants in Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington and Texas.
"The agreement with EPA will allow Ash Grove to move forward and provide an environmentally sustainable product that is the foundation of our economy," said Charles T. Sunderland, chairman and chief executive officer.
Michael J. Hrizuk, senior vice president of manufacturing, said the settlement is similar to agreements the EPA has reached with five other Portland cement manufacturers over the past five years.
Hrizuk said Ash Grove contends that it complied with the Clean Air Act.
"Rather than continue the debate, we believe that our effort is better spent collaborating on ways to further reduce our environmental footprint, which is the path we chose by signing this agreement," Hrizuk said.
The U.S. Attorney General's office calls the settlement a benefit to the health of communities across the nation.
"Today's settlement will reduce air pollution that can harm human health and contribute to acid rain, haze, and smog," said Cynthia Giles, assistant administrator for EPA's Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance. "The new stringent limits on emissions will lead to less pollution and better air quality for communities across the country," she said.
In addition, Ash Grove has agreed to spend $750,000 to mitigate the effects of past excess emissions from several of its facilities.
The settlement requires Ash Grove to meet stringent emission limits and install and continuously operate modern technology to reduce particulate matter and nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide at nine kilns.
Location, ST | website.com


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In this side view of a fetus, the right ear and eye are just visible and the right hand and leg can be seen in characteristically bent positions. The reddish, tubelike structure, to the right of the image, is the umbilical cord.
You should have your first prenatal appointment around now. The exact timing of it will vary depending on when your doctor sees pregnant patients for the first time. This is the first time you will see your ob/gyn during pregnancy. Unless your doctor has a solo practice (see Going solo), your prenatal team is likely to consist of several doctors who will take care of you throughout your pregnancy.
The purpose of this appointment is for a doctor to obtain your medical history, provide information, and plan your care for pregnancy and the birth. It's also an opportunity for you to ask any questions you may have and discuss the schedule for appointments, blood tests, scans, and prenatal classes. You will be given booklets, information leaflets, and important contact telephone numbers. The doctor will ask you about your medical history; your family's medical history; your partner and your partner's family's medical history; about any previous pregnancies you have had; and how this pregnancy has been so far.
Your answers will help the doctor identify factors that may affect your pregnancy, for example if there is a family history of preeclampsia. The doctor will also do some health tests, such as urine tests, at this and other prenatal appointments.
Midwife comes from the anglo-saxon word "mit wif," meaning "with woman."
A midwife's role is to respect the ability of a woman to give birth independently, and to only intervene when it is essential to do so.
Your doctor will give you lots of information regarding tests and it is up to you to decide whether you want them. There are two different types: screening tests and diagnostic tests. The goal of screening tests is to figure out the risk of there being a problem-based on the result, you may be advised to have a follow-up diagnostic test.
Most women opt to have the screening tests, but it's worth considering how far you would continue with the process. For example, if you had a high-risk result from the screening test, would you opt to have a diagnostic test? If you did, and the results of that were positive, would you want to continue with the pregnancy?
Such considerations are difficult but important. For example, if you know that, no matter what, you and your partner would want to continue with the pregnancy then you may decide not to have a test, or decide to have the test so that you can prepare yourself for a baby with potential problems.
Excerpted from Pregnancy Day by Day.
Copyright © 2008 Dorling Kindersley Limited.
Buy this book now!
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Call of Duty: Black Ops II - Xbox 360 for $38
This is about the cheapest I have seen a new copy go for. It ends up beng just over $41.00 with normal shipping.
3 Comments add a comment
I already own this. They changed the title, though; my box just says Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare. Crazy kids and their incessant rebranding...
I would rate this game a 9 if it wasn't for the quick scoping and over powered pistols. With those 2 items in game I give it a 5 at best. Zombies is still very fun though. My last complaint is that in Demolition game type you can easily lock the other team inside their spawn and can just kill them as they pop into the game since in that gameplay you only spawn in one general place even if the other team is right there.
Hold RT button /end


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More Than 1,000 Volunteers to Serve in SCA Earth Day Projects NationwidePress Release
The Student Conservation Association (SCA), the national leader in youth service and stewardship, will engage more than 1,000 volunteers in Earth Day service projects in ten major U.S. cities, the green nonprofit announced today.
SCA members, local community volunteers...Read more
SCA Partners with American Park Network, Ford Motor Company on Oh, Ranger! ParkFinder™ Mobile iPhone AppPress Release
Helps users find adventure by searching 6,000+ national parks and public lands nationwide...Read more
SCA Helps National Parks Reach Beyond BordersSCA
SCA recently sat down for a conversation with Mickey Fearn, National Park Service Deputy Director for Communications and Community Assistance. He was candid, insightful and revealing…
SCA: To your mind, what is the single biggest issue facing national...Read more
Dr Pepper Snapple Group Launches Green Partnership With SCAPress Release
Green partnership mobilizes employee volunteers and promotes sustainable communities
Charlestown, NH (Vocus/PRWEB) March 17, 2011
The Student Conservation Association (SCA), the nation's leading conservation service organization for youth, has named Dr Pepper...Read more
SCA is America's Corps of Future Conservationiststakepart.com
By Melanie Smollin, takepart.com
Protecting...Read more
SCA 'Ecostewards' find ways to keep earth from sliding awayPittsburgh Post-Gazette
By Diana Nelson Jones, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
Amid blowing snow Sunday in Riverview Park, 20 Urban EcoStewards installed what...Read more
SCA and American Eagle Join Up for Service Event at Riverside ParkPress Release
On the morning of June 4th, over 100 employee volunteers from American Eagle Outfitters joined SCA...Read more
SCA Founder HonoredBennington Banner
SHAFTSBURY — Four town residents were honored during the annual Town Meeting floor session with proclamations from the Vermont Legislature citing their achievements and service to the community. State Rep. Alice Miller, D-Shaftsbury, presented the proclamations, honoring Miles Yucht...Read more
Celebrities Donate Time to "Invade" Homes to Save WaterPress Release
Student Conservation Association, American Water Launch "Save Water Today" Public Service Campaign in partnership with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's WaterSense Program
VOORHEES, N.J., March 2, 2011 – With 36 states expected to face serious water...Read more
SCA Alum Reaches All Three "Poles" to Raise Awareness for Climate ChangeThe Cornell Daily Sun
By Jin Sing, The Cornell Sun
Larsen is the first American to reach all three "poles" and the first person ever to accomplish this feat within...Read more
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The Student Conservation Association (SCA) is America's conservation corps. Our members protect and restore national parks, marine sanctuaries, cultural landmarks and community green spaces in all 50 states.


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Authorities say a 27-year-old woman who died after being struck by a Lexington fire truck was an attorney with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission who was in town for a running competition.
Police say Lauren Woodall Roady of Washington, D.C., died shortly after being struck Saturday night near Triangle Park.
The Lexington Herald-Leader reports that Roady joined the legal staff at the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in 2011 after graduating from New York University Law School. She was married earlier this year.
The Fayette County coroner's office says Roady died of multiple blunt force trauma.
Roady came to Lexington to run in the USA Track & Field Club Cross Country Championships on Saturday.
Mayor Jim Gray says full details regarding her death might not be available until early next year.


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What is your experience with ordering meds online?
Since my liver transplant a little over two years ago, I've had to take handfuls of anti-rejection medicine, vitamins, and antacid type stuff. My wife and I are looking to cuts costs on the over the counter stuff like the vitamins and antacids (omeprezole specifically).
Has anyone out there ordered meds online? If so what was your experience? Did those meds work, were they rip offs? Help? Thanks
8 Answers answer
I've been using Medco for about a decade (my union switched to them to cut Welfare Fund costs). In that time, with I'd guess about 50 shipments of various drugs to me, I've had exactly two real problems:
- a shipment containing two drugs went missing. I had to pay for refills (I needed the drugs and the shipper insisted on more time before they would credit anyone), but I got the next refill (three months later) for free.
- a 90-day supply of a med was short six pills. A brief phone call and they sent the missing pills without any further contact. I'll note that this happened once, 6+ years ago and everything has been dead-on otherwise.
One last thing: when my older daughter turned 18, she got her own account with Medco. Ever since then, Medco has called her cell phone when they want to talk to me. After many attempts to get this fixed, on my last call to Medco, the woman actually found my daughter's number and removed it, so I'm hoping it is finally fixed, but we shall see.
I just re-read your post and realized you're asking about non-perscription drugs. My post above is about perscription drugs only. I know that Medco sells non-perscription stuff as well, but I've never purchased anything other than Rx from them.
I generally buy my non-perscription stuff (vitamins, aspirin, etc.) at BJ's (warehouse club), CVS, Rite Aid or Walgreens (basically, who ever has it on sale). Some of these purchases (Walgreens, in particular) have been online.
I have also purchased from Drugstore.com, but only when I had a coupon that got me an extra discount and/or free shipping.
I've not had any problems dealing with these places.
I've also used Medco successfully, but I see that's not what you're asking.
Vitamins and the likes, it's my understanding that one typically wants to go name brand. I'm a fan of the Nature Made brand; vitamins that I've tried by them have worked quite well.
I have ordered my last few vitamins over Amazon. I went with something that I knew and the price was decent. It's not significantly better than BJs, but if you're not a member of any of those clubs, it could be the way to go. It will be the exact same product, though. Certainly a better price than if you're buying through an average retail store
Would it be cheaper to get your doctor to get you a prescription for Prilosec, or the generic, non-OTC equivalent? Don't know if you've considered that.
I've bought OTC vitamins and omega-3 stuff of ebay before with no problems. Some listings will specify the expiration date is in the next 6 months - those are usually cheaper, and some will even take a Best Offer, especially if you're willing to buy in bulk. Don't forget to either filter by Free Shipping or contact the seller to get a shipping quote if you're buying multiple boxes before your click order and pay. They'll often combine shipping.
Finally, always try to buy from a Top Rated seller. There's really no guarantees if you do this, but if they've had 20 thousand happy customers before you, you'll probably have less problems.
This is a bit of a nosy question, but is the antacid for a reaction to your meds or is it from food?
I get omeprazole from Costco. It seems to be the most consistent low price. I've done some limited looking online and haven't found a better deal. Occasionally, Walgreens or Rite Aid will have it on sale for a little less if you want to deal with shopping the specials/coupons.
BTW, I've found omeprazole to be effective for me if I take one 20mg tab every other day. Easy way to cut your cost in half if it works for you.
Today some users facing these types of problem. Some of the valuable drugs may be missing during the time of shipping. But i am not face any problem like these when i ordering Drugs for my needed in Online pharmacy http://www.angelmeds.com My products is delivery on correct time without any product missing. My suggestion for you is try find a good online pharmacy before buying medicine.
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Twin Outboards, Three Battery Banks Marine - BEP Marine
This item is found in the following Product Families
BEP Battery Distribution Clusters
Battery Distribution Clusters With the successful release of the BEP battery distribution system, BEP saw the need for ready assembled clusters for …
This system is designed for twin outboard installations using outboards without AUX outputs. It will allow the port engine to charge the port start battery and the house battery when the VSR is engaged (refer VSR specs for operation of VSR.) It will also allow the starboard engine to charge the starboard start battery and the house battery when the starboard VSR is engaged, giving a combined charge from two outboards into the house battery until the voltage regulators on both engines control the charge. It will also allow the house battery to be charged if steaming on one engine.
I turn off all three banks and my port motor still turn?
According to Marinco, you should verify that that the port DVSR has the red wire going to the start battery.
This product ships in 1 business day.
Add to Cart and enter your Postal Code to determine the shipping charges and estimated delivery date.
Most products and orders leave our warehouse in 1 business day. However, select items may take more processing time. Alaska and Hawaii orders please add 1 additional warehouse processing day.
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This is truly an exceptional luxury apartment for travellers wanting something really exclusive. Sleeps 1-2 persons. A great romantic hideway at a few steps from the beach.
COMPLETELY PRIVATE SINGLE ROOM TO RENT IN IPANEMA - 2 MIN WALK TO THE BEACH - 1 PERSON Alberto de Campos with the corner of Farme do Amoedo streets.
This is a beautiful 1 bedroom apartment at a TOP location in the main street of Leblon (Ataulfo de Paiva), 2 blocks from the beach. Sleeps 2-4. Just renovated, everything brand new!
My studio it is very nice in a wonderful place in the corner of Copacabana beach, all furnished and equiped, wi-fi, air conditionair , cable tv, double bed, amazing ocean view, between the 2 beaches - Copacabana and Ipanema!
Considered as the entrance to the Lakes and Beaches Region, Maricá is one of the most beautiful cities in the State of Rio de Janeiro.
Luxury private home with pool & bar, 3 terraces, 2 BBQ's, WiFi, HDTV's, concierge, etc. for rent. Located in Santa Teresa artistic area of Rio de Janeiro.
Come and Visit the most beautiful place in the world! The BrunaVille Condominium is set of Houses Situated in the world-famous Geribá Beach with the crystal blue water of the Buzios Sea. The House was fully restored and expanded 1 year ago.
Select your destination in Brazil. Browse thousands of listings for accommodations, adventures, tours and travel services.


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Relay for Life meeting set
STEUBENVILLE - A Tuesday evening planning meeting of the 2013 Steubenville Area Relay for Life sponsored by the Jefferson County Unit of the American Cancer Society will get under way at 7 p.m. in lecture hall 2100 of Eastern Gateway Community College.
It is open to anyone interested in organizing a team or being a part of the event that raises money for cancer research, education, advocacy and patient services.
This year's relay will be held June 21-22 at the Robert Kettle Memorial Stadium at Indian Creek High School in Wintersville.
Relay co-chairs Kyle Elder and Jaclyn Walters presided along with Bethani Barsch, ACS staff partner.
For information on participating, volunteering or donating to the Steubenville Area Relay for Life sponsored by the Jefferson County Unit of the American Cancer Society, call Barsch at (888) 227-6446, extension 2212; Elder at (740) 219-0147 or email@example.com; or go to the website at www.relayforlife.org/Steubenville.
Council to hold special meeting
WELLSBURG - Wellsburg Council will hold a special meeting at 6 p.m. Wednesday at City Hall to address three election matters.
Council will certify candidates for the upcoming election, name ballot commissioners and consider eliminating the primary election slated for April 2.
Council eliminated the primary election during its last election year, noting there were not more than two candidates in any race and the move would save the city money.
PERI will meet Wednesday
WINTERSVILLE - Jefferson County Chapter 5, Public Employee Retirees, will hold their monthly meeting at noon Wednesday at Zelinski's
The guest speaker will be Becky Foster, a recently retired teacher of the hearing impaired in the Steubenville City School District.


text: With all the time your seat is in the saddle, athletic equestrian underwear designed for the sport can help to keep you comfortable. Our great selection features equestrian underwear for both men and women from top brands such as Under Armour®, Knixwear™, Anita® and more. Dover Saddlery's equestrian underwear options are all designed specifically for horseback riding and to ensure comfort in the saddle all day long. Choose your preferred style and feel the difference.


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Our YMCA youth hostel is situated in the citycentre of Banska Bystrica, that was put into beautiful, mostly mountain region of central part of Slovakia. This region offers you many beautiful historical
The Ginger Monkey Hostel has been set up by a couple of backpackers, in the beautiful village of Zdiar in the High Tatras Mountains, of Slovakia.
Hostel is near to the center. Rooms: double, triplle and four beds. Toilets and shower are common.
The Apartment Blue Danube II is situated in a great location - heart of Bratislava. The apartment is located directly in the centre of Old Town…
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Sunny and quiet apartment with easy street parking situated close to downtown in wider city centre.
We invite you to experience a medieval atmosphere in luxury for the best value. Every of our 23...
Clare and I are ex-backpackers who have set up in the beautiful undiscovered Tatra mountains of Slovakia.
City Hostel is a new hostel located on the youthful and lively Obchodna street. The 29 rooms are all equipped with their own en suite toilet and shower
The Hotel **** Barónka is situated in the east part of Bratislava in Rača in picturesque surroundings on foothills of Malé Karpaty.
Select your destination in Slovakia. Browse thousands of listings for accommodations, adventures, tours and travel services.


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A very hot and humid airmass will persist over much of the east over the next couple of days. Afternoon high temperatures are forecast to reach 95 to 100 degrees with heat index values ranging from 100 to 110 degrees. The dangerous heat wave will impact major I-95 cities from North Carolina to New York. Read More >
Last Map Update: Mon, Jul. 25, 2016 at 8:51:14 pm EDT


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6 Hilariously Stupid Prehistoric Versions of Modern Animals
Like every other long-term project ever attempted, the night before evolution was due, the office floor was littered with hastily scribbled blueprints, empty coffee cups, and reams and reams of crumpled up Post-it notes containing the stupidest ideas imaginable. Ideas like ...
#6. Sharovipteryx, aka the Kite Lizard
Wings had to start somewhere, and that somewhere was apparently the unassigned area between the feet and ass. Meet the sharovipteryx, a clear case of a dinosaur evolving into a bird without ever actually seeing one. Its front forearms contained tiny little gliders, while the actual wings were attached to their very long hind legs, leaving scientists baffled as to how it could either fly or walk.
Quick: Picture every flying creature on Earth. Done? All right, how many of them fly with their legs? If you answered anything but zero, get out of the house now -- there's a gas leak. No flying animal has wing-feet. One theory is that bird legs are incredibly strong, and this strength allowed early birds to walk upright, which in turn allowed their increasingly strong breast muscles to develop into wings. That's why you never see kickin' little ankle-to-taint wings; the limbs would be too goddamned heavy to work.
However, it did give them prime twerking form.
So the sharovipteryx faced the ultimate in almost-bird dinosaur conundrums: If you walk with those legs, they become way too heavy and muscular to fly on, and if you fly with them, you're not walking anywhere. Some scientists, attempting to justify this thing's existence, theorize that the sharovipteryx actually had wing membranes between its legs and its arms, as well as membranes between its arms and its neck, making it more aerodynamic and shaped roughly like a kite -- hence the nickname.
Dmitry Bogdanov
They would then kill their prey with dive-bomb teabaggings.
Other scientists then promptly pointed out that this looks even stupider than before and then fell down laughing, having proven their hypothesis sound by drawing a stupid dinosaur face on a paper airplane and throwing it at the first scientists during Science Recess.
#5. Stethacanthus and Edestus, aka Sharks Too Creepy Even for SyFy
Sharks as a predatory concept are elegant in their simplicity: basically, make murder come to life and give it the ability to swim. But Nature, clearly in the mood to experiment back in the day, came up with a couple of creative variations on the shark theme, neither of which stuck around much past the first draft stage.
We're just bummed we missed out on future anvilhead vs. hammerhead fights.
First, you had the stethacanthus, which took all the psychological terror of the iconic dorsal fin cutting through the water and flushed it right down the toilet. In its place was the business end of a meat tenderizer. If a normal shark is an aquatic jet fighter full of teeth, this was one of those goofy radar planes that look like they're wearing an oversized yarmulke. Feeling pretty good about the mallet shark, nature huffed herself some glue, then went and created the edestus, a shark with both an under and an overbite from hell that made it look like a perpetually braying donkey being ripped open by a chainsaw.
The species died out due to suicide after too many rejections at shark prom.
Notice how it looks distressed, like it doesn't understand what's happening to it and wants an adult to come help? That's not just a goofy drawing. That's how it looked all the time, because the edestus' teeth were so large, they didn't actually fit into its mouth. It was a biologically enforced duckface. And it gets worse: The edestus' teeth and gums didn't fall out as they got older, like sharks today. No, new teeth just grew behind the old ones, pushing them forward until they completely jutted out of its mouth. And it gets even worse! All of these teeth were in one row. No teeth-lining-the-entirety-of-the-jaw bullshit for this shark; just a protruding, gummy stick of teeth on top and a protruding, gummy stick of teeth on the bottom. The edestus is obviously extinct today, which is a shame, because with the help of a good orthodontist, it could've been a hell of a predator.
#4. Uintatherium and Eobasileus, aka Bumpy-Headed Rhinos
These rhinos look like they're suffering from a terrible The Last of Us-style fungal infection that manifests itself in completely random growths of horn and paternal melodrama. Uintatherium and eobasileus were distant relatives of modern rhinos and sported up to six giraffe-style horns that seemingly served no purpose aside from confounding the haberdasher.
"Great, another douche who doesn't realize that he can't pull off a fedora."
So what were they there for, exactly? Well, if you ever figure it out, let science know, because they have no clue. Hell, they're not even sure what the horns looked like -- some think they stuck out of the skull like cleats on a football shoe, while others are holding out hope that the horns extended into some bitchin' sword-like protrusion, and that part is just missing from the fossils we have.
"What? It could happen ... oh, you assholes have no imagination."
Although we half suspect that eobasileus started that rumor himself to stop his classmates from making fun of him in Rhino High School.


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The last time we saw Rico he was a scared little dog entering the Green River Correctional Complex for the Death Row Dogs training program.
But that was three weeks ago. And now his handlers say Rico is a completely different dog. And he has changed them as well.
John Smithers, one of Rico's handlers, said, "It was a robbery turned bad. And I'm paying for it now. This place will teach you a lesson."
He has been in prison for about a year for attempted murder and robbery.
He said he was using drugs and alcohol at the time and he wasn't thinking about anyone but himself.
Now the responsibility of taking care of Rico is what matters most to him.
Smithers said, "This has changed my life completely. It's like having a little baby around. And you don't have drugs or anything so you're thinking more clearly. And to have something like this, it's a big joy."
John said since he has been working with Rico, he has learned to look at the world in a whole new way.


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Prof. Trevor Morrison will discuss the constitutionality of presidential recess appointments, and the potential consequences of the DC Circuit's recent ruling in Canning v. NLRB. Lunch will be served. Contact: Nina Hart, email@example.com
© Copyright 2016, The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York.
For questions or comments, please contact the web administrators.
435 West 116 Street, New York, NY 10027 — 212-854-2640


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Explore our many online resources.
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CATEGORY: Science and Technology
These Activities Sheets, each on a single theme, include word and number games, art exercises, and fun quizzes. With each activity, learn about something new, from the anatomy of the giant squid to the history of chocolate.
Are you cut out for a career in aerospace? Find out with Air and Space Mobile Missions!
Each Railway Post Office clerk had to pass a yearly exam. See how fast you can sort letters!
Learn about the animals of the Arctic on this kid friendly website!
Play an anatomy matching game.
These ducks need your help! Help them reach tasty treats across the pond, but watch out for obstacles!
Create your own design for a cloud and send it up to the sky.
Have fun exploring a fictional island and coral reef, while exploring impacts on this ecosystem.
Are you a brainiac on the subject of the human brain? An authority on American authors? An ace on astronomy? A whiz on The Wizard of Oz? If not, don't worry. The game Digging for Answers tests your research skills as well as your expertise.
The citizens of Smithsonville are in dire need of a Disaster Detector! Help Smithsonville and other cities predict and prepare for natural disasters. Use tools to make predictions and save the city from damage by helping citizens prepare properly. Are you up for the challenge?
Expedition: Insects an e-book written, illustrated, and animated by the Smithsonian Science Education Center for Grades 3-5. In the book, readers travel around the world to visit six different types of insects in their natural habitats.
Test your geography knowledge with this online quiz.
Test your knowledge about Giant Pandas!
Connect with the stories and artifacts of the world's largest aviation and spaceflight collection with our official app.
Do you know where the red-eyed tree frog calls home? Play this game based on animal habitats to learn! Explore the desert, coral reef, jungle, and marsh to discover where many animals live by matching each animal to their correct habitat!
Solve jigsaw puzzles and crossword puzzles, take a virtual world tour, send an e-card, learn about animals and their names—National Zoo website.
Explore the riches of the Smithsonian's collections, learn how to start your own collection, and see what kinds of things other kids collect.
This free mobile app uses visual recognition software to help identify tree species from photographs of their leaves.
Migration Game - Learn about bird migration while playing a game.
Name that Nest - See if you can identify a variety of bird nests.
Online Coloring Book - Color birds online and learn about feathered travelers.
Contains activities intended for school children, grades 5 and up, under adult supervision.
Page Last Modified: 2/25/2016


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given the equation
$$ 1= f(x)+f(x/2)+f(x/3)+f(x/4) $$
how could i solve it ?? or the most general equation
$$ 1= f(x)+f(x/2)+f(x/3)+f(x/4)+....+f(x/N) $$
for a given 'N' number, where could i use Wolfram math online to solve it ? thanks.
for the case $$ 1= f(x)+f(x-2)+f(x-3)+f(x-4) $$
i could find a generating function since it is just a recurrence equation


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Encounter with the Red Army Waterbury soldier honored by Soviets in '45
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