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Chiefs Announce Several Assistant Coaching Hires
Posted: 4:48 PM Jan 11, 2013
Reporter: DAVE SKRETTA, AP Sports Writer
KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) -- Andy Reid is wasting about as much time putting together his first coaching staff in Kansas City as he did in finding his new job.
The Chiefs coach announced Friday that former Eagles coach Doug Peterson would be his offensive coordinator and longtime Jets assistant Bob Sutton the defensive coordinator, along with the majority of the staff Reid hopes will turn around a 2-14 franchise.
The moves come one week after Reid was hired by the Chiefs to replace the fired Romeo Crennel, and less than two weeks after he was dismissed following 14 seasons with the Eagles.
Reid announced that Matt Nagy will coach the Chiefs' quarterbacks after two seasons as the Eagles' offensive quality control coach. Eric Bieniemy will work with running backs, Tom Melvin the tight ends, and David Culley will be an assistant head coach and work with wide receivers.
Reid has not announced an offensive line coach. Tommy Brasher will work with the defensive line, but Reid has not announced coaches for linebackers, defensive backs or special teams.
''I'm pleased we were able to get all of these coaches on board,'' Reid said. ''I have relationships with each of them, and I know their past experiences, work ethics and coaching styles. These are high-character coaches, and each one brings something different to the table.''
Pederson spent 12 seasons playing quarterback in the NFL, most of them with Green Bay. But he started the first part of the 1999 season for Philadelphia, when Reid has just been hired. He then helped tutor Donovan McNabb, the Eagles' second overall pick in the draft.
Pederson retired in 2004 and began his coaching career, spending two years as Reid's quality control coach and the past two seasons working with the Eagles' quarterbacks.
''Doug has been around the game a long time, and he has great vision,'' Reid said. ''As a former player in this league, he sees the game from a different perspective, and that will be a great benefit for our players. He has a knack for developing talent.''
Pederson will inherit an offense that was among the NFL's worst last season with quarterbacks Matt Cassel and Brady Quinn. Pederson and Reid both said they'll examine the QB options already on the roster, but they'll also consider free agency, the trade market and using their No. 1 pick in the draft on upgrading the position.
''It's something I've studied the last few days, ever since Coach Reid and I talked about coming in,'' Pederson said on a conference call with reporters.
''It's a very talented group. It could be an explosive group,'' he said. ''There's some weapons there on offense. Very similar to the circumstances we had this past year in Philadelphia.''
Sutton will take over a defense that fared only slightly better than the Chiefs' offense.
A longtime college coach, Sutton spent nine seasons as the coach of Army before spending the past 13 seasons with the Jets. He was their linebackers coach from 2000-05, defensive coordinator for three years and senior defensive assistant and linebackers coach for two years. He spent the past season as Rex Ryan's assistant head coach.
''Bob is a creative coach that is going to give our defense a variety of looks and packages,'' Reid said. ''He has a lot of experience and is well respected across the league.''
Bieniemy has spent the past two seasons as offensive coordinator at his alma mater, Colorado. Melvin, Culley and Brasher all spent time with Reid in Philadelphia.
Reid also announced that Barry Rubin would serve as the Chiefs' head strength coach and Travis Crittenden would be his assistant. Reid's son, Britt Reid, and Corey Matthaei will be in charge of quality control, and Mike Frazier will be their statistical analysis coordinator.
Chiefs release:
KANSAS CITY, Mo. – The Kansas City Chiefs announced on Friday that the club has named former NFL quarterback and Eagles Quarterbacks Coach Doug Pederson the team's offensive coordinator.
"Doug has been around the game a long time, and he has great vision," Chiefs Head Coach Andy Reid said. "As a former player in this league, he sees the game from a different perspective, and that will be a great benefit for our players. He has a knack for developing talent, and he's a good communicator. Doug is ready for this position."
Pederson joins the Chiefs as the club's offensive coordinator after four seasons with Philadelphia. He served as the club's quarterbacks coach from 2011-12 and was the Eagles offensive quality control coach from 2009-10. While tutoring the Eagles signal callers in 2011, the Eagles offense set franchise records with 6,386 yards and 356 first downs. In 2010, Pederson was part of a record-setting offensive output as the team set franchise records in points scored (439), total net yards (6,230), and yards per rushing attempt (5.4). Prior to his stint with the Eagles, he served as head coach for Calvary Baptist Academy (2005-08).
A 12-year NFL veteran, Pederson played quarterback for the Miami Dolphins (1993-94), served two stints with the Green Bay Packers (1995-98 and 2001-04), played for the Philadelphia Eagles (1999) and Cleveland Browns (2000). His best season came with the Eagles in 1999 under then-Head Coach Andy Reid. During his playing career, Pederson backed up Dan Marino, Brett Favre and Donovan McNabb. Born in Bellingham, Wash., Pederson attended Northeast Louisiana where he played quarterback (1987-90). He and his wife, Jeannie, have three sons, Drew, Josh and Joel.
The Kansas City Chiefs announced on Friday that the club has named former Jets assistant coach Bob Sutton the team's defensive coordinator.
"Bob is a creative coach that is going to give our defense a variety of looks and packages," Reid said. "He has a lot of experience and is well respected across the league. Bob has a high football IQ and knows how to get the most out of his players."
Entering his 14th NFL season, Sutton joins the Chiefs after spending his first 13 seasons with the New York Jets in various roles. Most recently, he served as the Jets Assistant Head Coach/Linebackers Coach in 2012. From 2009-11 he was the club's senior defensive assistant/linebackers coach. Sutton was the club's defensive coordinator from 2006-08 and originally joined the Jets as the linebackers coach (2000-05).
As a defensive coordinator with the New York Jets, Sutton's 2008 unit was ranked near the top of the NFL in rushing defense (94.9) and yards per rush allowed (3.7), the Jets best statistical showing since 1993. The Jets recorded a franchise-record five defensive touchdowns. His defense registered 41 sacks and 30 takeaways.
In 2005 as the club's linebackers coach, LB Jonathan Vilma earned his first Pro Bowl appearance after he finished with an NFL-leading 187 tackles. Vilma was voted AP's NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year in 2004 and the Jets finished the season fourth in the NFL in fewest points allowed with 261 and fifth against the run, holding opponents to 97.9 rushing yards per game.
Prior to his time with the Jets, Sutton spent nine years as the head coach at Army (1991-99) and achieved remarkable success, including guiding the Cadets to just their fourth bowl appearance. Nine seasons placed him second in tenure at Army, trailing only the legendary Earl "Red" Blaik, who guided the Cadets for 18 seasons. He was named the head coach at Army after spending eight season's as one of the school's assistant coaches (1983-90).
Before his stint at Army, he served as the running backs coach at North Carolina State under Monte Kiffin in 1982, two tours at Western Michigan (1980-81 and 1975-76), serving first as defensive coordinator and later as offensive coordinator. He also served as defensive coordinator and linebackers coach at Illinois (1977-79).
In 1974, he earned his first full-time coaching spot as the linebackers coach at Syracuse. His initial opportunity came as a graduate assistant at Michigan (1972-73) for Bo Schembechler. He earned a degree in physical education at Eastern Michigan.
Sutton and his wife, Debbie, have two children, son Andrew and daughter Sarah. They also have a granddaughter, Molly.
The Kansas City Chiefs announced on Friday several coaching staff hires for the 2013 season. Newcomers to the staff include:
Eric Bieniemy (Running Backs), Tommy Brasher (Defensive Line), Travis Crittenden (Assistant Strength and Conditioning), David Culley (Assistant Head Coach/Wide Receivers), Mike Frazier (Statistical Analysis Coordinator), Corey Matthaei (Quality Control), Tom Melvin (Tight Ends), Matt Nagy (Quarterbacks), Britt Reid (Quality Control) and Barry Rubin (Head Strength and Conditioning).
"I'm pleased we were able to get all of these coaches on board," Chiefs Head Coach Andy Reid said. "I have relationships with each of them, and I know their past experiences, work ethics and coaching styles. These are high-character coaches, and each one brings something different to the table for us."
Eric Bieniemy (Running Backs) – Bieniemy enters his first season with the Chiefs as the team's running backs coach after a two-year stint at the University of Colorado where he served as the offensive coordinator/running backs coach. Prior to returning to his alma mater in 2011, he spent five seasons (2006-10) in Minnesota coaching the Vikings running backs. He was part of a Vikings team that won consecutive NFC North Division titles in 2008-09. In those five seasons, the Vikings produced a 1,000-yard rusher each year while his stable of running backs broke the 100-yard mark 31 times in 80 regular season games. Prior to coaching in Minnesota, he coached at UCLA (2003-05), Colorado (2001-02) and Thomas Jefferson High School in Denver, Colo. (2000).
Bieniemy was an All-American tailback for the Buffaloes (1987-90). He originally entered the NFL as the San Diego Chargers second-round pick in the 1991 NFL draft. He enjoyed a nine-year pro career with three teams: San Diego (1991-94), Cincinnati (1995-98) and Philadelphia (1999) under Chiefs Head Coach Andy Reid.
Tommy Brasher (Defensive Line) – Beginning his 25th year as an NFL coach, Brasher was named Kansas City's defensive line coach after three separate tours of duty in Philadelphia, all as the club's defensive line coach. He rejoined the Eagles' coaching staff as defensive line coach on Dec. 3, 2012 for his ninth year with the team. Prior to rejoining the Eagles, he spent seven years tutoring the defensive linemen in Philadelphia (1999-05). He held the same role with the Eagles during the 1985 season on then-Head Coach Marion Campbell's staff. In his inaugural year with Philadelphia in 1985, DEs Greg Brown and rookie Reggie White each recorded 13.0 sacks apiece.
Prior to joining the Eagles in 1999, Brasher served as the defensive line coach in Seattle (1992-98), Tampa Bay (1990) and Atlanta (1986-89). His first NFL coaching experience came with New England as he coached the defensive line for three seasons (1982-84). Prior to becoming an NFL coach, Brasher coached the defensive line at Southern Methodist University (1977-81) and was defensive coordinator at Northeast Louisiana (1974, 1976) and the Shreveport Steamer of the World Football League (1975). He coached the defensive line and linebackers at Virginia Tech (1971) and served as a defensive assistant for his alma mater, Arkansas, in 1970. Brasher was an all-conference selection as a linebacker at Arkansas (1962-63), where he was a teammate of Cowboys owner Jerry Jones and former Dolphins and Cowboys Head Coach Jimmy Johnson.
Travis Crittenden (Assistant Strength & Conditioning) – Crittenden enters his first season with the Chiefs after spending the 2012 season as a strength and conditioning assistant for the Philadelphia Eagles. Prior to entering the NFL, he served as the director of football operations and general manager of Competitive Edge Sports in Atlanta, Ga., for eight years (2004-11) where he led professional athletes through offseason training and also prepared collegiate football players for the NFL Combine and pro days. He also was an advisor at Speedworx Sports and a director of sports performance at 360 Football Academy. A Wichita Falls, Texas, native, he played football at Fork Union Military Academy (1999-00) before finishing his collegiate career at Virginia Military Institute (2000-03).
David Culley (Assistant Head Coach/Wide Receivers) – Entering his 20th season coaching in the NFL, Culley embarks on his first season as the Chiefs assistant head coach/wide receivers coach after coaching 14 campaigns in Philadelphia as wide receivers coach (1999-10) and senior offensive assistant/wide receivers coach (2011-12) for Chiefs Head Coach Andy Reid. Culley originally joined the Eagles after a three-year stint as the Pittsburgh Steelers wide receivers coach (1996-98). His initial NFL coaching experience came with a two-year stay as the wide receivers coach for Tampa Bay (1994-95). A native of Sparta, Tenn., Culley was recruited by Bill Parcells as a quarterback at Vanderbilt University. He then broke into the coaching ranks overseeing the running backs at Austin Peay University (1978). Culley then returned to Vanderbilt to coach the wide receivers (1979-81). He had a series of one-year stops at Middle Tennessee State, Tennessee-Chattanooga, and Western Kentucky before spending four years as quarterbacks coach at Southwestern Louisiana. Culley jumped to the University of Texas-El Paso for a two-year stint as the offensive coordinator/running backs/wide receivers coach (1989-90) before joining the staff at Texas A&M to coach the wide receivers (1991-93). He graduated from Vanderbilt University with a degree in health and physical education.
Mike Frazier (Statistical Analysis Coordinator) – Frazier enters his first season with the Chiefs as the statistical analysis coordinator after a nine-year stint in the same capacity for the Philadelphia Eagles. Frazier attended Wooster College (1999-03) and was hired by the Eagles upon graduation after completing internships with Smith Barney and Wachovia Securities as an undergrad.
Corey Matthaei (Quality Control) – Matthaei joins the Chiefs as one of the club's quality control coaches. He most recently served three seasons under Chiefs Head Coach Andy Reid with the Philadelphia Eagles as the assistant to the head coach from 2010-12. From 2008-09, Matthaei was a coaching assistant for the Eagles and spent 2006-07 as the club's football operations assistant for training camp. Prior to joining Philadelphia, Matthaei played on the offensive line at Willamette University in Salem, Ore. (2003-06). After graduation, he served as Willamette's offensive assistant in 2007.
Tom Melvin (Tight Ends) – Melvin becomes the Chiefs tight ends coach after coaching 14 seasons with the Philadelphia Eagles. In his final 11 seasons with Philadelphia, Melvin coached the team's tight ends (2002-12) after serving as the team's offensive assistant/quality control coach for his first three years. Under Melvin's tutelage, Eagles TE Brent Celek emerged as one of the top tight ends in the NFL, catching 280 passes for 3,473 yards and 20 TDs in six years playing for Melvin and the Eagles. Melvin played on the offensive line at San Francisco State (1982-83) for Chiefs Head Coach Andy Reid for one season (1983) while Reid served as offensive line coach for San Francisco State. Prior to joining the Eagles in 1999, Melvin was offensive coordinator and offensive line coach at Occidental College (1991-98) and served as offensive coordinator and offensive line coach at the University of California – Santa Barbara (1988-90). He oversaw the running backs, offensive line and tight ends at Northern Arizona (1986-87) after he began his coaching career at his alma mater, San Francisco State (1984-85), as a graduate assistant.
Matt Nagy (Quarterbacks) – Entering his third season in the NFL, Nagy was hired as Kansas City's quarterbacks coach after serving the previous two seasons as the Philadelphia Eagles offensive quality control coach. Before being promoted to Philadelphia's offensive quality control coach in 2011, Nagy served as a coaching assistant during the 2010 season after spending the 2008 and 2009 training camps as a coaching intern for the Eagles. A former quarterback for the Arena Football League, Nagy played six seasons for the New York Dragons (2002), Carolina Cobras (2004), Georgia Force (2005-06) and Columbus Destroyers (2007-08). During his AFL career, Nagy completed 65.5 percent of his passes for 18,866 yards, 374 touchdowns and a quarterback rating of 115.1. He played collegiately at Delaware, setting more than 20 career passing records at the time, still holding career marks for passing yards (8,214) and touchdowns (58). He ranks second for most career attempts (895) and most career completions (502) behind former Delaware and current Baltimore Ravens QB Joe Flacco. Nagy earned All-America honors as a senior for the Blue Hens.
Britt Reid (Quality Control) – Reid enters his first season in the NFL after spending three seasons with the Temple University Owls. At Temple, Reid served as a graduate assistant, working with the offensive side of the ball after a two-year stint as an offensive assistant while he completed his degree. In addition to his three years at Temple, Reid has worked the Steve Addazio football camp for the past two years and in 2008, he served as an assistant offensive line coach at St. Joseph's Prep in Philadelphia. He got his first taste of NFL experience as a training camp coordinator for the Philadelphia Eagles in 2009. Reid is the son of Chiefs Head Coach Andy Reid.
Barry Rubin (Head Strength & Conditioning) – Rubin enters his first season with the Chiefs after serving the previous three seasons in the same capacity in Philadelphia (2010-12). Prior to being promoted to the Eagles head strength and conditioning coach position in 2010, he was an assistant for two years (2008-09). Before his move to Philadelphia, he spent seven years as the head strength and conditioning coach (1999-2005) and four years as an assistant (1995-98) for the Green Bay Packers. During his tenure in Green Bay, the Packers earned six division titles, two NFC championship titles and one Super Bowl victory under Head Coach Mike Holmgren. He also served as the strength coach at Northeast Louisiana (1982-83, 1987-90 and 1994) and LSU (1984-85). Rubin was inducted into the USA Strength and Conditioning Coaches Hall of Fame in 2003. He was a tight end and punter at Northwestern (La.) State from 1978-80 after playing running back and punter at LSU from 1976-77.
Q: How ready do you feel for this next step for you here?
PEDERSON: "This goes back to my playing days, being around great coaches in the past. I go back to Mike Holmgren, Sherm Lewis back there in Green Bay, coach Andy Reid and Marty Mornhinweg both coached me in Green Bay. I lean heavily on those days and what I learned within the last four years being involved with Coach Reid and Offensive Coordinator Marty Monhinweg being involved with game planning and how the offense operates and, of course, the last two years coaching the quarterbacks has given me this opportunity to take the next step, and that's to coordinate. I'm excited about this challenge. I look forward to the upcoming season and especially this offseason."
Q: What do you know about the offensive personnel here?
PEDERSON: "That's something I've studies the last couple of days ever since Coach Reid and I talked about coming in. I think it's a talented group. It can be an explosive group. There are some great weapons there on offense, very similar to the circumstances that we had in Philadelphia this past year. We're just looking forward to getting in there as a staff, studying the guys that we have, putting our guys in the best position to be successful on the football field and going from there. I like the guys that we have, the guys I've seen on film and I think it can be a good group."
Q: Do you have a quarterback you can play with?
PEDERSON: "I want to get in there and study those guys. Just a few years ago, I know what Matt Cassel has done in his past, and I know he was an 11-game winner in New England. He won 10 games for Kansas City a few years back and the AFC West title, so he's done some nice things. It's something we want to evaluate and study it hard this season. I want to look at that and see if the right guy is there on the roster, and if we have to find somebody to come in, we find somebody to come in. But we will give our guys every opportunity to compete for that spot."
Q: What do you know about Bob Sutton? Have you guys crossed paths?
PEDERSON: "Just playing against him and being on the offensive side against him, I know they ran multiple packages while he was at the Jets. That's something that definitely can confuse and try to cause confusion especially when you get into some third down situations with different personnel groups. That's what we've seen from them in the past. We've played them every year in preseason, and we've seen a lot different things from him. I know what his defense is capable of doing. I'm very excited to havehim on board, and I'm looking forward to working with him."
Q: Do you know who will call the plays?
PEDERSON: "We haven't discussed that yet."
Q: Can you describe the dynamic of having an offensive coordinator yet the head coach calls the plays?
PEDERSON: "It worked tremendously in Green Bay when I was there as a player. Mike Holmgren called the plays, Sherm Lewis was the offensive coordinator. Even my first year in Philadelphia as a player, Coach Reid called the plays and Rod Dowhower was the coordinator. If it works, it works well. The two definitely have to be on the same page. That's something that Coach Reid and I will discuss as we get into this offseason, especially as we get closer to the season."
Q: How does it work logistically during a game?
PEDERSON: "You mainly stay out of the play caller's way, and you let him go. He has to have total feel for the game. That's how it was even as a quarterbacks coach for myself and being on the same page with the play caller and anticipating the call. That's where it has to be. You have to think alike. That's what you get your quarterbacks to do. You get your quarterbacks to think on the same page and to anticipate the next call based on the situation. You just kind of stay out of the way, but there are times when you make suggestions and go from there."
Q: How much has the west coast offense grown?
PEDERSON: "There is still the core values and the core principles, and the basic fundamentals that we teach off of in every OTA and every training camp. Of course, during the season you get into game plan weeks, and you use the same concepts, but you may disguise it a little bit with formations and shifts. That's always been the west coast style, more the formations; more of the motions of the shifts, but still use the core and the fundamentals for both. It's always been a progression offense, a play-action pass offense. Over the last couple of years, the system in Philadelphia, we've evolved. A lot of teams are one back teams, and now in the National Football League, a lot of shotgun, but you can still do a lot of the same run schemes, play-action pass schemes in the shotgun as well as under center. A lot of the same values and principles are there, and you just teach off of that."
Q: What was the most appealing thing about this job?
PEDERSON: "Well, honestly, a chance to continue with Coach Reid. He's always been a mentor, a teacher, and a mentor of mine, and a guy that I have great respect for. That was number one. And then an opportunity to control an offense and bring the expertise of watching these great coordinators and play-callers that I've been associated with and how they've molded and shaped this offense into using the strength of your players and allow their talent and allow their personality to shine on the football field. I'm excited about that opportunity and getting there and working with these guys here the next couple of months."
Q: You've played quarterback in the league and coached quarterbacks in the league. Has the position of quarterback become more important in the past decade?
PEDERSON: "It has. It's evolved. It's becoming a thinking-man's game. The defenses are getting more complex. You have to have a quarterback that can manage not only the run-game, but the pass-game, be able to check protections and get you from a run to a pass or a pass to a run, and it's evolved that way. And you've got to have a guy that can definitely pull the trigger. The bottom line is, when you're playing the position of quarterback, bottom line is winning the football game. However that is done, that's what you look at and I think that's the most important thing when it comes to a quarterback is just winning the football game. It has evolved and that's something that I mentioned earlier we'll look at this offseason hard and make the right decision for the Chiefs."
Q: Would you be an advocate with numbers both in the draft and free agency?
PEDERSON: "I think so. I think you have to look at all of it. You start with your current roster, obviously dive into that and evaluate your personnel that you have and then you look at the free agents that are going to be out there, obviously take a look at those. And then you get on later in the spring into the draft, obviously starting with the Senior Bowl coming up in a week or two and then building right into the draft. So you look at all three components and then come away with the best candidate for the position."
Q: How long do you think you've been ready to make the jump to offensive coordinator and how long have you been waiting for this chance?
PEDERSON: "Well, it's a short track record. You only look at four years in the National Football League, but I even go back even further into my playing days, my last couple of days in Green Bay when I was there with Brett Favre and I had an opportunity to kind of be a – not a play-caller – but a play-suggester. To be able to talk to Brett and to analyze the game from the sideline, that's always been my role, that's especially the role of a backup quarterback. Then really the last four years, again, working with Andy Reid and Marty Mornhinweg and the guys in Philadelphia, having that opportunity to be involved with the game plan has been very beneficial. And then of course being on the same page with the play-caller I feel like has put me in good position now to take the next step and be the coordinator."
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Ansonia sails past Indians
WATERTOWN — For the first time in Andrew Matos' four-year high school football career, he completed an option pass. Not only did the Ansonia senior throw a perfect ball over the middle of the field, it went for a touchdown and the Chargers were well on their way to their sixth-straight win this season — and a current state-best 21st consecutive win overall — a 49-21 decision win over Watertown Thursday night.
Matos, one of the most versatile players in the Naugatuck Valley League and arguably the best two-way performer, took the first-quarter handoff from Jai'Quan McKnight, sprinted a few steps to his left before stopping, stepping and throwing over the middle to Raeshawn Finney, who took the ball in stride and went untouched for on a 72-yard touchdown.
"Andrew threw a perfect ball and I had to get down the field and make a great catch and find my way into the end zone," said Finney, a senior. "We have a lot of offensive options. We can go to anyone at any time. The offensive line did a great job, and when they do, we know we can score."
Earlier in the first quarter, Ansonia faced a fourth-and-5 from the Watertown five, so coach Tom Brockett went to his playmaker, Matos, who took a quick slant from McKnight and made an inside move for the touchdown.
"That was a real big play for us," said Matos. "Jai'Quan made a good decision and has been playing really well for us."
Matos added a 48-yard TD reception late in the first half to give the Chargers a 42-7 edge. Brockett pointed out that Matos was very good last year during the Chargers' run to the NVL title, a Class M state title and a 14-0 record. But this season, said Brockett "Andrew is playing at an even high level. He's more intense and playing with more confidence."
So is Finney, for whom Watertown coach Mike Veronneau offered praise.
"Ansonia has incredible team speed with Arkeel Newsome (9 carries, 167 yards, two rushing TDs), Jai'Quan McKnight (1 rushing TD) and Andrew Matos, but when you look at them on film and in person, Raeshaun (Finney) may be the most impressive," said Veronneau. "On both sides of the ball, he is all over the field. He made tackles in the backfield on what was supposed to be pass plays. He made at least four or five (downfield) blocks on offense. He's just an exceptional player."
Ansonia senior linebacker Hazekiah Duncan did his part, intercepting two passes, including a third-quarter pick that resulted in a 41-yard return for a touchdown.
"Hazekiah leaves every ounce of energy that he has on the field," said Brockett. "Last year, he was a role player for us, but this year, he has turned into a star because he is so aggressive and instinctive. He's the type of player coaches look for."
From an offensive standpoint, Watertown played well, as senior wide receiver Jonathan Mitchell had a break-out game with seven receptions for 126 yards, including a 69-yard TD. Carlo Acompora added a 3-yard TD run and Anthony Chacho caught a 24-yard TD from AJ Cattaneo (11-of-22 passes, 226 yards).
But to beat Ansonia, said Veronneau, "You have to score every time you have the ball. They have such a varied offense, you can't simulate that in practice. You can't stop them. You can only hope to contain them. One thing they don't do is beat themselves. They have no interceptions and no fumbles. They're an outstanding team."
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October 16, 2013. A conditional knockout of ErbB4 from parvalbumin-expressing interneurons reproduces some features of schizophrenia, according to a new study published September 18, 2013 in Neuron. Led by Oscar Marín and Beatriz Rico of CSIC-University Miguel Hernández in Alicante, Spain, the study finds that the deletion produces synaptic deficits, increases cortical excitability and oscillatory activity, and results in impaired social behavior and cognitive function.
The most surprising aspect of the study, said Lin Mei of Georgia Regents University in Augusta, was that "The behavioral consequences and the electrophysiological disruptions seem much more dramatic than the actual amount of synapse reduction [found] in morphological analysis." He added that the findings suggest that a "subtle change of GABAergic function during development is very damaging." Mei was not involved in the study.
The tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB4 came to the interest of schizophrenia researchers because its ligand neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) is on the "traditional" short list of schizophrenia susceptibility genes, determined to have strong evidence in the era before genomewide association studies (see SRF related news story). ErbB4 is highly expressed in the parvalbumin (PV) subclass of GABAergic interneurons, and plays a critical role in the development and maturation of GABA circuitry (see SRF related news story). Research showing that PV cells are crucial for γ oscillatory activity and cognition, and the hypothesis that alterations in these cells underlie some of the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia, has led to the suggestion that Nrg1-ErbB4 signaling may be at least partially to blame for some cognitive symptoms (Rico and Marín, 2011).
However, postmortem studies of the Nrg1-ErbB4 pathway have thus far been confusing – both increased and decreased levels of ErbB4 and Nrg1 signaling been reported in the illness. Perhaps consistent with these findings, both over- and under-expression of the NRG-ErbB4 pathway in mice mimic features of schizophrenia (see SRF related news story). This suggests that any imbalance, either up or down, is detrimental, and has led Mei and others to hypothesize that the pathway may be increased in a subset of patients but decreased in others.
Subtle synaptic defects
In the current study, first author Isabel del Pino and colleagues followed the loss-of-function avenue. They generated conditional ErbB4 mutant mice with lower levels of the receptor in PV cells expressing the transcription factor Lhx6. Using retroviral labeling, the researchers performed separate analyses of the two populations of PV neurons: chandelier and basket cells. Consistent with prior studies, they observed fewer excitatory axon terminals (as measured by VGlut1 immunoreactivity) contacting the soma and dendrites of both ErbB4-deficient PV chandelier and basket cells in the cortex. Corresponding decreases were observed in PV cell clusters expressing the postsynaptic marker PSD95, as well as in the frequency of hippocampal miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) recorded from these cells, providing further evidence that ErbB4 is required in order to establish a normal complement of excitatory synapses onto PV cells.
The researchers next turned their attention to the inhibitory synapses made by PV cells synapsing onto pyramidal cells. Chandelier cells derive their name from the distinctive shape of their axons (which form vertical arrays that resemble candlesticks) and synapse exclusively onto the axon initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal neurons. Similar to postmortem findings from schizophrenia (Woo et al., 1998), the density of candlestick presynaptic terminals was lower in ErbB4 mutants than controls. There were also fewer α2 subunit-containing GABAA receptor clusters found postsynaptically at the AIS in the ErbB4 mutants, although curiously this finding is opposite of what has been observed in the illness (Volk et al., 2002). ErbB4 function appeared to only be required for the development and maintenance of chandelier cell inhibitory synapses, as there were largely no alterations in PV basket cell to pyramidal cell synapses in the ErbB4 mutants.
Looking at both populations of PV cells combined, the researchers found that total cortical protein levels of GAD67 and PV were reduced in the knockouts, with no change in GAD65, similar to postmortem schizophrenia findings (see SRF related news story). Also reminiscent of the illness, the number but not the length of dendritic spines was reduced in hippocampal pyramidal cells.
Big functional consequences
To examine the effect of fewer synapses in the ErbB4 mutants on hippocampal network activity, del Pino and colleagues recorded spontaneous EPSCs in pyramidal cells. Consistent with the molecular alterations indicating a loss of excitatory synapses on PV cells as well as deficits in inhibitory signaling, pyramidal cells received more excitatory drive in ErbB4 mutants than in controls (as evidenced by an increase in spontaneous EPSCs). Spontaneous EPSC frequency was also elevated in PV cells, suggesting that these inhibitory interneurons also received enhanced excitatory drive.
Interestingly, despite the fact that the conditional knockdown of ErbB4 in PV neurons produced subtle defects in connectivity (as evidenced by the lack of change in the tangential migration, organization, and density of PV neurons), major changes in hippocampal network activity were observed. In vivo local field potential recordings in anesthetized mice revealed an increase in resting-state oscillatory power in the dentate gyrus and CA1 region in the ErbB4 mutants, as well as increases in CA1 θ, α, β, and γ band power. In contrast to the large perturbations found in the hippocampus, local field potential changes in the cortex were less dramatic, with an increase in γ band power found in the infralimbic cortex. In addition to these local network changes, the researchers also found a reduction in the long-range synchrony between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, as well as reduced hippocampal-prefrontal coherence in the θ band.
The most impressive experiments in the paper, said Andres Buonanno, of the National Institute of Child Health & Human Development in Bethesda, Maryland, were the examination of hippocampal rhythms in awake, freely-moving mice exploring an open field. Consistent with the data from anesthetized animals, the researchers found that CA1 local field potentials were increased in the ErbB4 mutants in a more physiologically relevant setting, as was the power of γ oscillations.
Consistent with other mouse of models of restricted ErbB4 expression, the current model also produced a variety of behavioral alterations: increased locomotor activity, evidence of reduced anxiety, impaired sociability, and deficits in sensorimotor gating (Shamir et al., 2012).
Using the Y maze spontaneous alternation test, the researchers also reported deficits in working memory. This finding could appear at odds with data demonstrating that γ oscillations are a neural substrate underlying working memory and other cognitive processes. "If the knockouts have more γ power, why do they perform less well on the Y maze?" commented Buonanno.
These data are also at odds with what has been observed in schizophrenia, Buonanno said. Although the literature on γ oscillations in the illness is complex, in general, most studies have reported that reduced γ power is associated with cognitive deficits (see SRF related news story). The data may not align perfectly with schizophrenia, but the current findings nevertheless point to a connection between the Nrg1-ErbB4 signaling pathway, GABAergic circuitry assembly and function, and the cognitive symptoms of the illness.—Allison A. Curley
Del Pino I, García-Frigola C, Dehorter N, Brotons-Mas JR, Alvarez-Salvado E, Martínez de Lagrán M, Ciceri G, Gabaldón MV, Moratal D, Dierssen M, Canals S, Marín O, Rico B. Erbb4 Deletion from Fast-Spiking Interneurons Causes Schizophrenia-like Phenotypes. Neuron. 2013 Sep 18. Abstract
We would like to provide an answer to the question raised...
Read more
We would like to provide an answer to the question raised by Andrés Buonanno: "If the knockouts have more γ power, why do they perform less well on the Y maze?" As explained in the manuscript, the abnormal increase in γ power observed in conditional ErbB4 mutants would not necessarily lead to better performance, because interneurons are not pacing pyramidal cells at the proper/normal rhythm. In addition, local hypersynchrony seems to affect long-range functional connectivity: We showed a prominent decoupling between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. The increase in excitability and synchrony, and the decoupling between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, are likely the cause of the behavioral deficits in cognitive function.
In line with this, we respectfully disagree with Buonanno's next comment that "these data are also at odds with what has been observed in schizophrenia." Indeed, as we mentioned in the manuscript, recent studies indicate that medication-naive, first-episode, and chronic patients with schizophrenia show elevated γ-band power in resting state. Baseline increases in γ oscillations are consistent with increases in the excitatory/inhibitory ratio of cortical neurons. Thus, cortical rhythm abnormalities in schizophrenia seem to include both abnormal increases in baseline power—as we observed in conditional ErbB4 mutants—as well as deficits in task-related oscillations (Uhlhaas and Singer, 2012).References:
Uhlhaas PJ, and Singer W. (2012). Neuronal dynamics and neuropsychiatric disorders: toward a translational paradigm for dysfunctional large-scale net- works. Neuron 75, 963–980. Abstract
PRIMARY PAPERSErbb4 Deletion from Fast-Spiking Interneurons Causes Schizophrenia-like Phenotypes.
RELATED PAPERSThe importance of the NRG-1/ErbB4 pathway for synaptic plasticity and behaviors associated with psychiatric disorders.A subclass of prefrontal gamma-aminobutyric acid axon terminals are selectively altered in schizophrenia.Neuregulin signaling, cortical circuitry development and schizophrenia.Reciprocal alterations in pre- and postsynaptic inhibitory markers at chandelier cell inputs to pyramidal neurons in schizophrenia.
RELATED NEWSSmall Brain Changes Have Big ImpactResearch Roundup: PV Interneurons and Neural Circuit (Dys)FunctionAsynchrony and the Brain—Gamma Deficits Linked to Poor Cognitive ControlInterneuron Pathology Hints at Schizophrenia SubtypeSchizophrenia-like Nrg1 Overabundance Repaired in Adult MiceInterneurons Are Stage for Neuregulin 1, ErbB4 Interplay


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News Archive
This page lists older e-Learning Center news items. View recent items in the current news.
Bb Vista Shell for EVERY Course & e-Reserves - Fall 2006
To all Faculty:
I apologize for the length of this message, but we want to convey to you critical information about the Bb Vista shells for Fall 2006 courses. Optional information and further details are placed at the end. Please read on.
All classes at NAU starting Fall 2006 will have a Bb Vista shell created automatically. (See below for more detail such as definition and discussion of what a Bb Vista shell is.) These shells will be created for ALL classes, not just online and hybrid classes. Bb Vista course shells can be accessed by going to http://vista.nau.edu and logging in using your Jan username and password.
For those of you teaching online or otherwise already using Bb Vista this may be repetitive information, for all others, please take note of the following important concepts:
e-Reserves on Bb Vista
The Cline Library will be providing e-Reserves only through these shells. The library's previous system of class web pages for e-Reserves will no longer be available. If you have already requested e-Reserves for the fall, you can find details on setting them up in Bb Vista by visiting the "Adding e-Reserves" link at http://nau.edu/vista-faculty.
To place a request for e-Reserves, visit: http://library.nau.edu/services/request/coursereserve.html.
Cross-listed, Multi-section & Co-convened Classes
Any classes planned to use a single shell such as for co-convened or rolled-up sections need to be set up by your Class Scheduler prior to the start of the semester. In general, face-to-face classes for which you want to use a single shell for several sections will not be "rolled-up" in Peoplesoft. These will require special intervention by e-Learning to insure Bb Vista sections are merged as required. Please contact e-Learning for these cases before the start of classes. (Prior to Aug. 28th in most cases) If several sections are to use a single shell, and are not all face-to-face, that will require chair or dean approval.
Setting Up your Bb Vista Course
The first time you enter a class shell it must be set up. If you do not go to your course shells in Bb Vista and "set up" your class before the first day of the fall term, on that first day of the term an automated process will assign a special template to each class. If you want to work in your class shell prior to the start of classes, go to http://vista.nau.edu. In your course select set up as a "blank" course, unless you have content to copy from another course. For more help see http://nau.edu/vista-faculty. (Note: the special template has all student communication tools turned off.)
WebCT Campus Edition, the old course management system, is no longer available for delivering any classes.
NOTE: If you have questions, please read on then if needed, contact the e-Learning Center
ELC Faculty Help Line: (928) 523-5554 or 1-866-802-5256, by email email@example.com.
General Notes & Help
e-Learning will be scheduling and offering many short (45-60min) workshops to assist faculty in becoming acquainted and comfortable with the use of these new tools and resources. These will be starting in late August and continue throughout September, with less frequent offerings during the remainder of the academic year. More in depth training is available through e-Learning: Bb Vista Basics is a 3+ hour session and all faculty are eligible for a $125 stipend for attending this training. There are many Bb Vista Open Labs scheduled in the e-Learning Center. (See http://nau.edu/elearning/training)Please see below for an overview of Bb Vista Shells and answers to Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). More information about training times, online self-service instructions and guides are available on the e-Learning website. (see http://nau.edu/vista-faculty )
If you would like more information, have suggestions, or would like to discuss any of this with me please let me know.
Don Carter
Director, e-Learning
Optional use of Bb Vista
A Bb Vista shell is a set of tools and web pages arranged by class. Other than e-Reserves, there is no imperative that you use the shells. However, your students may very well appreciate the convenience that Bb Vista affords; including distribution of materials such as syllabi, seeing grades using the gradebook, and communication for discussion or frequently asked questions.
Course Preview Page
A system has been developed for students and prospective students to browse course information for ALL classes offered by NAU. The information includes the basic course data as in LOUIE, but with added value by displaying Course Preview Information, as setup in Bb Vista. This system will be a convenient recruitment tool and a resource for students to see course information such as required textbooks and any other information you would like to provide. To see the class information see http://classes.nau.edu. To learn how to set up class preview information in Bb Vista see http://www.nau.edu/vista-faculty.
More Detail
What is a Bb Vista "shell"?
Blackboard Bb Vista is NAU's web based course management system. A Bb Vista "shell" is a set of web pages and online tools that instructors can use to create, display, and distribute class materials. It also includes tools such as email, discussions, assignments, assessments, and an online gradebook that many students and instructors find useful in all kinds of classes, including in-person classes as well as fully online classes.
Why do I have a Bb Vista shell for my class?
NAU has adopted a policy of providing a Bb Vista shell for every class. Increasingly, students prefer to have online access to class information, and having a Bb Vista shell for every class provides a way for each instructor to give students that access. Additionally, if you want electronic reserve readings for your class, you'll need to use your Bb Vista shell. The Cline Library is making electronic reserves available only in Bb Vista. For more information on electronic reserves and Bb Vista, contact firstname.lastname@example.com or call (928) 523-9142.
My class isn't a web class; it's a face-to-face class. Why do I need a Bb Vista shell?
At a minimum, the Bb Vista shell is a good place to post your syllabus. If you typically use paper handouts in class, you can post those in your Bb Vista shell too. Any electronic reserve readings that the Cline Library creates for your class will be posted only in Bb Vista.
Beyond those basics, some instructors of in-person classes use their Bb Vista shell to conduct online office hours using the Bb Vista Chat tool. Others like to use the Bb Vista gradebook so that students can check on their grades at any time. Still others set up discussion groups in Bb Vista so students can communicate easily outside of class.
Do I have to use the Bb Vista shell?
No, but you are encouraged to do so, especially as student "demand" for online access to materials increases. Note that if you have asked the Cline Library to create electronic reserve readings for your class, those will be posted in Bb Vista.
If I don't want to use the Bb Vista shell, do I need to notify someone?
Yes. We are working on this process. Updates will be forthcoming.
Roster questions
How does my class roster get into my Bb Vista class shell?
Several weeks before a term begins, ITS turns on the roster import function, and class rosters are then automatically imported into Bb Vista from the Peoplesoft Schedule of Classes. The rosters are then updated every two hours to reflect adds and drops. No instructor intervention is required.
How do I know when the roster has been imported into my Bb Vista class?
When the roster is first imported, you will receive an email from ITS listing all of the students who are in your class at that time. As students add or drop your class, you will receive email updates.
Why doesn't my co-instructor or teaching assistant have access to my Bb Vista class?
Check the listing for your class in the Schedule of Classes. Instructors and teaching assistants must be correctly indicated in the Peoplesoft Schedule of Classes to gain access to a Bb Vista shell. If they are not correctly indicated, contact your class scheduler.
When do students have access to my Bb Vista class?
Students can log in to your class on the official first day of class as indicated in the Schedule of Classes. For example, if the start date for your class is August 28, students can log in beginning at 12:01 a.m. on August 28. Students can access course information you setup in Bb Vista as Preview information as soon as you set it up. (see http://classes.nau.edu). To learn how to setup class preview information in Bb Vista (see http://www.nau.edu/elearning/support/tutorials/)
Why can't I give students early access to my Bb Vista class?
To be fair to all students, NAU has adopted a policy that the official start date is when students can have access to a Bb Vista class. If you would like to make information about your class available to students and prospective students before the start date, you are encouraged to include information on the Bb Vista "course preview page", but you cannot expect or allow students to begin any work for your Bb Vista class before the official start date.
What happens in my Bb Vista shell when a student drops my class?
The student is made inactive but is not removed from the class. We do it this way to retain the student's work to date so that if the student later is added back into the course, no work is lost. This approach is needed when, for example, a student is administratively dropped due to lack of payment, perhaps because of a delay in financial aid, and then the student's fees are paid a day or two later when the financial aid award arrives. The student is then reinstated in the class, and none of the student's work is lost.
After my class ends, how long do students have access to it?
Students can continue to log in to your Bb Vista class for two weeks after the end date. For example, if your class ends December 15, students can log into it until 11:59 p.m. on December 29. At that time, ITS un-enrolls the students, and the class no longer appears on students' list of courses when they log in to Bb Vista.
It's a good idea to remind your students to keep copies of their class work on their own computers if they want continued access to it beyond two weeks past the end of the class.
How do I add someone to my class?
That depends on the role of the person you want to add. Students are added by being officially registered for the class. Instructors and teaching assistants need to be added through the Schedule of Classes.
If you want to add a reviewer, guest speaker, or other visitor there is a process that will be detailed on the e-Learning website.


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Condensed matter physicists have shown using quantum information that in many condensed matter systems, entanglement entropy only scales as the area of the boundary, and not the volume. This is the basis for the density matrix renormalization group and Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS). Does this also explain the holographic principle in quantum gravity?
Nope, the very fact that the entanglement entropy is - naturally - proportional to the surface area does not explain the holographic principle because the holographic principle, reduced to the corresponding entropy bound, implies that the total entropy of one of the systems can't exceed $A/4G$ where $A$ is the surface. The entanglement entropy is just one tiny term of the entropy, a degree of correlation between two subsystems, so its being proportional to the area is a much weaker and less surprising statement than the holographic principle.
Quite generally, non-gravitational physical systems are simply not holographic in the space (bulk) that they occupy. Only (quantum) gravitational systems obey the holographic principle. In the context of AdS/CFT or AdS/anything, the holographic principle is encoded in the description of the CFT or anything by its having a secret extra (fifth) dimension of spacetime.


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The Reliant Center was packed once again this fall, as well-heeled ladies hit the Nutcracker Market to kick off the holiday season in style. Hundreds of booths were set up throughout the convention center touting jewelry, home wares, food, furniture and more. More than 100,000 patrons shopped throughout the weekend—which included a VIP opening-night bash, and luncheons and fashion shows hosted by Neiman Marcus and Saks Fifth Avenue—to benefit the Houston Ballet Foundation. –Photography by PWL Studio


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Though voltage and current are two interdependent physical quantity, I would like to know what gives more "shock" to a person - Voltage or Current? In simple words, will it cause more "electric - shock" when the voltage is high or Current is more?
If we model the path for the current through the human body as a resistor, then by Ohm's law, the current and voltage are proportional.
That is, a greater current through the body will be associated with a greater voltage across the body.
Having said that, let's consider the source of the shock. It is the case that sources may produce a large voltage but are not capable or sourcing significant current. These sources are said to have high internal resistance.
The point is that a high-voltage source with high internal resistance may not give you much of a shock at all while a lower voltage source with low internal resistance may kill you.
So, there really isn't a simple answer to your question other than "it depends".
You see, current in one direction indicates the flow of free electrons in the other direction. Hence, current flows. But voltage does not flow. It's actually the work done per unit charge. (Joule/Coulomb). In other words, it's an energy or simply the potential difference between two points. Sometimes, a bird does not get a shock while resting on a carrier wire (Not all time the bird sits on the same wire). Whereas By touching the live wire and ground, we create a potential difference (a path which is sufficient enough for current to flow) with live wire relative to earth. Hence, we get a shock...
Electric shock is the sufficient amount of current flowing through human body which the person could feel. But, this doesn't mean that shock is not caused by Voltage. Of course, it depends upon voltage which is given by Ohm's law... $$I=\frac{V}{R}$$
The shock your body feels, depends upon the applied voltage & resistance of your body. If your body has a resistance of about 10,000 $\Omega$, and the voltage is 230 V, then $$I=\frac{230}{10000}=23 mA$$
You would get a shock, but seriously... (You can't let go off this current)
Hence, you cannot differentiate a shock based on voltage or current. It depends on both voltage and resistance of your body (which implies current).
Here's a page which shows current paths and another one which provides comparison info..!
You'd have to define 'shock', but what kills you is enough current during enough time, not voltage. Of course you need enough voltage to keep the current going over your body's resistance, but it definitely plays a secondary role.
In a former professional life I worked developing Residual Current Circuit Breakers, and 30 mA is the usual rating for devices aiming at protecting lives. In wet environments, such as bathrooms or swimming pools, sometimes 10 mA is recommended.
According to wikipedia's RCCB article, 25-40 ms of 30 mA is enough to send your heart into fibrillation, which probably qualifies as a pretty strong shock. That would require your heart being in the path of the current, though. This link has more information on what to expect depending, again, on the current, not the voltage.
The shock is the product of the current and the voltage, so in principle you need both. A friction spark from your shoe is high voltage by low ampage, but a shock from a power main is high ampage and comparatively low voltage.
The type of current, whether it is alternating or steady, is also important, as an alternating current will interfere with biological processes more than a steady current. But the energy deposited is the product of the two, so it is not meaningful to separate them out.
Higher voltage causes more shock at the same wattage.
Low-voltage high-current exposure will be felt as warming up not as a shock.
the current generates the heat.....but the voltage (potential difference) generates shock...so i think shock is generat due to high voltage!!
protected by Qmechanic♦ Feb 15 '13 at 18:26
Thank you for your interest in this question.
Because it has attracted low-quality or spam answers that had to be removed, posting an answer now requires 10 reputation on this site (the association bonus does not count).
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April 18, 2013
From the Chobe River to Franschhoek's Haute Cabrière
I first met Hildegard von Arnim from the legendary vineyard of Haute Cabrière in Franschhoek, on a houseboat in the middle of the Chobe River between Namibia and Botswana. "You must come and visit us one day," she said, as we watched elephants bathing and playing.
Now, on a blustery but sunny day, I'm sitting with Hildegard and two friends, sipping Pierre Jourdan bubbly on the Haute Cabrière terrace as purple mountains dissolve in mist on the horizon and a party of German tourists finish a wine-tasting tour in the deep cool cellars.
Most visitors who come to Cape Town want to go on a tour of the Cape Winelands. But where to go? Which one to choose, when there are so many?
I've spat and sipped my way round many wine estates in my day, but I must say, it's very hard to find a more beautiful place than the Franschhoek Valley, and there's no doubt that Hildegard and her legendary husband, winemaker and larger-than-life character Achim, have chosen Franschhoek's prime spot for their cellars.
Once a disused quarry, now the spacious stone cellars hold barrels full of the vineyard's signature Pierre Jourdan bubbly, and also the blend that is now one of South Africa's favourite white wines, called simply Haute Cabrière. The 11am Saturday wine-tasting tours, usually led by Achim himself, or son Takuan, are famous.
After a great lunch at the cellars, heads pleasantly buzzing, my friend Coral and I take a turn round the village of Franschhoek.
It's full of famous restaurants (priced accordingly) and hosts all sorts of festivals throughout the year, ranging from a literary one to a cheese-and-wine one, and then the place pumps.
Yes, it's beautiful, in one of South Africa's loveliest valleys, but it's autumn now, off-season, so today everything looks just a little lost and sad. A bus disgorges a load of tourists, who pick around stalls of rather tatty African curios (many made in China) before snacking on pancakes, coffee and cake, or Italian gelato.
The autumn foliage looks spectacular, though …
Keen to discover more about the Franschhoek Valley? Jump on the Franschhoek Wine Tram and experience a different perspective.


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If you're looking for a creepy destination to spend your Halloween, try one of these 10 spots recommended by the Travel Channel.
No. 3: Paris CatacombsHidden beneath the streets of Paris are the city's famed catacombs, now home to the bones of long-departed Parisians who died when there was no room for them in the city's cemeteries.


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- 00:10, 31 July 2013 Secretaribot (Talk | contribs) marked revision 33364 of page Meeting Notes 2013 08 06 patrolled


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Ive googled, and cant find anything that helps. Seeing as how everything I found was almost completely irrelevant to my situation, Im just gonna ask for help here.
So, the line out in my computer is broken so I cant connect speakers.
I am trying to connect my sony bluetooth headset and my computer can't see them. Before I had ubuntu, I never had problems connecting them on windows.
But now, running 11.10, my bluetooth mouse works, my phone doesn't connect, and my headset will not show up on the devices list.
So.. what do I gotta do?


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I have a very slow connection, and I need to use SSH on it. How can I increase "the speed"? I mean is using big RSA keypairs a large overhead? Would lowering the key size increase the effective bandwidth a little?
The RSA key size only matters at the time when the connection is established. The key size can matter if one of the machines is slow, as larger keys mean longer computations, but its impact on connection times is negligible.
If throughput is a problem, compress the connection:
If connection establishment time is a problem, make sure to activate a single master SSH connection and use slave mode for subsequent connections.
If latency is a problem, there's not much you can do except adapt your habits. If the latency is so high that interactive programs are painful to use, type commands locally and send them over when done (Emacs shell mode is nice for that). Do file management over SSHFS (except remote-to-remote copies).
Avoid needing remote X as it's both latency-sensitive and bandwidth-consuming. If you really must, NX is the best of the crop (but it's painful to set up because it's not free software so distributions don't provide it; this may change as free clones are emerging).
RSA keypairs are only for authentication and for exchange of symmetric keys, which is used for encryption of connection. You can try to use a symmetric cipher, which is not as hard for computation as default cipher is, i.e. blowfish. But this will not do with throughput, but with CPU utilization...


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Hilton Head Third Tuesday Book Club
Location:Hilton Head Branch
Date & Time:Tuesday, August 20, 2013 - 6:00pm
Date & Time:Tuesday, September 17, 2013 - 6:00pm
Date & Time:Tuesday, October 15, 2013 - 6:00pm
Date & Time:Tuesday, November 19, 2013 - 6:00pm
The Third Tuesday Book Club meets the third Tuesday of every month at 6:00 p.m.at the Hilton Head Branch Library (except in November when we meet on the 4th Tuesday). Everyone is welcome!
Please direct your questions to Halle Eisenman, Reference Services, 255-6520 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
2013 Schedule
August 20th - Flight Behavior by Barbara Kingsolver
September 17th - March by Geraldine Brooks
October 15th - The Light Between Oceans by ML Stedman
November 19th - And the Mountains Echoed by Khaled Hosseini
December - No Meeting


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Cumberland County College
3322 College Dr
Vineland, NJ 08362
Ph: (856) 691-8600 ext.1552
Cumberland County College and Wilmington University work together to bring innovative degree programs to South Jersey residents. You can earn your bachelor's or master's degree right at Cumberland County College in Vineland, NJ. The Shirlee and Bernard Brown University Center provides a convenient location for Wilmington University and other partner schools to offer advanced degree programs to local students.
You have access to a full slate of student services at Wilmington University at Cumberland County College. Meet with an advisor to talk about your academic and career goals, have your transcripts evaluated, and register for classes right on site.
Whether you've taken a few classes or you already hold an associate degree, Wilmington University makes the transfer process seamless, and works with you to maximize your transfer credits.
Cumberland County College offers a variety of associate degree programs that can be transferred directly into a Wilmington University bachelor's degree program. Learn more.
See which courses will be offered at Cumberland County College for the current or upcoming semesters.
Discover the many ways WilmU fits your life, with flexible schedules, convenient locations, and online options. Learn more.
You shouldn't have to break the bank to earn your degree and work toward a bright future.Learn more.


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Home > Food > Recipe Slideshows > The Perfect Last-Minute Gift: Food Never Fails
The Perfect Last-Minute Gift: Food Never Fails
Food is a quick and easy gift everyone loves receiving -- and eating - during the holidays. Whether it's a main dish or a bundled-up mix, everyone will enjoy these sweet and salty gestures that come from the heart. For a more personal touch, wrap your homemade treats in cute containers, fun baskets, and festive ribbons.
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Homemade Cookie or Brownie Mix
Cookies are a perfect treat any time. Package the dry ingredients for homemade cookies or brownies in a decorative jar for a ready-to-go mix. Accent the jar with handwritten baking instructions.
Get the recipe for cookies.
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I usually see the following theorem without seeing any reference or explanation
Theorem: Let X be a blowup of $P^2$ at generic r points. If $r\leq 8$ then there are only finitely many (-1) curves on $X$ , while if $r\geq 9$ there are infinitely many of them.
This is a little mysterious to me. I imagine the proof would be finding a family of curves in $P^2$ containing these points which are centers of the blowup, so that the multiplicities of those curves at these points are large enough to make the strict transform of these curves (-1) curves. However, I don't know what family to be chosen. Can someone give a proof or a reference containing a proof of this fact?


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The original JPEG format was updated in 2000 to provide a variety of features including less artifacts, better compression and lossless compression. Why haven't cameras updated to use this new format?
JPEG 2000 has not garnered wide acceptance due to a few factors.
Because people who really care a lot about quality generally just use raw files. JPEG 2000 is quite a bit of extra work to implement, for what is apparently perceived as a fairly minimal benefit in quality.
With any improved image format, there's a chicken and egg problem. A format isn't useful unless people can see it, and if there's not widespread display medium support, it's hard to get started. If you look at Wikipedia's list of applications with JPEG 2000 support, you'll notice that major web browser support is weak at best.
Same goes for digital picture frames, smart phones, and even printers with native support. So, if you have a JPEG 2000 image, it's hard to do anything with it.This means that no one has much incentive to make devices which produce JPEG 2000 files.
Or maybe it's the other way around. Chicken and egg and all that.
That means that in order for something to really catch on, it has to have a big, clear benefit, either to end users who demand it, or as a secret-sauce competitive advantage for a manufacturer, or else some sort of overall industry agreement to move forward (which is like herding those chickens). If there's no advantage, or if there's even possible drawbacks (JPEG 2000 isn't perfect in avoiding artifacts, is comparatively computationally expensive, and it went through a long period of patent licensing uncertainty), there's not going to be a place to start from, and so nowhere to go.
All that seems unlikely for any progress at all, but I think eventually as consumer technology gets better at broader gamut displays, the current JPEG standard is going to really see its age, and maybe we'll eventually see something like JPEG XR start to gain traction. But maybe not — maybe the rapidly expanding data storage universe, which is growing to hold more and more video content, will make the storage and data-transfer needs for lossly-compressed images seem humorously small anyway. And then we'll all go back to 1986's TIFF format.
I wager it never really was adopted as a better JPG-standard due to its licensing issues.
JPEG 2000 has 2 primary uses that I've been able to decipher.
Given that there are really only these 2 groups of users who really get a lot out of such a complex process, and there are several complications, it seems unlikely that JPEG 2000 is going to come to popular use anytime soon. Maybe some day it will, however. But I don't really see that happening...


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Paint n Sparkles - art & craft parties
Paint n Sparkles art and craft parties are perfect for keeping the kids entertained at any event, we can come to your birthday party, fete, corporate event, fund raiser, wedding and any other event you can think of!
We come with everything needed to fill your event with fun, laughter, color and sparkles.
All art parties run for 1.5 hours, include all art supplies, aprons, tables and chairs, invitation templates, 2 party hosts, bags for the guests to take their art home in, and an art gift for the birthday child.
We also clean up after the art activity and take everything away with us! This means low stress and time to entertain your guests and most importantly enjoy your day.
- $250 for 1.5 hours
- Package is based on 10 children, $18 per extra child
- 2 paint n sparkles hosts dressed to match most party themes.
- Party themes available - Fairy, pirate, princess, superhero. Let us know if you have a different theme in mind.
- 45 minutes of art and crafts (2 art projects)
- 45 minutes of party games, face painting, or balloon twisting
Art activities to choose from:
Wands, jewellery boxes, paper plate fairies, crowns or tiaras, pottery painting, picture frames, butterfly wings, pottery painting, scratch art, clay sculptures, picture frames, pirate hats, treasure boxes, parrots, eye patches, pirate ships, treasure maps, flags.
- $270 for 1.5 hours,
- 2 art hosts, 10 children.
- Extra children cost $18 each.
- 45 minutes of art stations (three art activities)
- Followed by 45 minutes of face painting, balloon twisting or party games
Easel painting (with hand drawn pictures to paint),
Playdough (homemade, variety of colours and textures available),
Stamping and roller paint table (painting table with a variety of rollers, sponges, cars and other items to paint with),
Mosaic pictures (children glue coloured squares on to hand drawn pictures) Paint car ramp (cars are rolled in paint and rolled down a ramp) foam table, Graffiti wall (children collectively paint a long strip of paper – great keepsake)
Paper plate fairies, trinket boxes, crowns, wands, scratch art, pottery painting, clay sculptures, masks, puppets, butterfly wings, train picture frames, stained glass pictures, wooden aeroplanes, wooden boat, stained glass butterfly.
Please take a look at the paint n sparkles website for images. www.paintnsparkles.com.au
- Professional quality face painting, which will wow the children and adults alike!
- Quality balloon twisting with over 30 designs to choose from
- 2-4 party games, all prizes and props included
Please take a look at www.paintnsparkles.com.au for more detailed information and images.
All Paint n Sparkles staff have Working With Children Cards, public liability insurance and are great with kids.
WEBSITE: www.paintnsparkles.com.au
EMAIL: email@example.com
Follow us or like us on facebook www.facebook.com/paintnsparkles
Contact: 0425 782 266
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Essendon PlaygroupBy Essendon Playgroup on 22/01/2014 7:05:36 AM
Sue is really professional to deal with and she sent one of her girls Teagan to our annual Christmas party at a Kids Centre. They are very flexible with arrangements and the kids loved the face painting and balloon twisting by Teagan. We have also used Paint n' Sparkles at our disco party with huge success and fun!
Ameylia's 1st BirthdayBy mikenwyve on 1/01/2014 1:18:05 PM
Thanks Sue for a great and professional face painting. We had amazing face painting on the night for Ameylia's birthday. The kids and adults totally had a blast. Thanks for staying back, much appreciated.
WOWBy Shani on 5/12/2013 7:28:30 AM
Thank you so so much for the lovely creations you did for the kids. The face painting was so exquisite. The detail and the colours were amazing. I honestly haven't seen such beautiful face painting before. I am so so thankful that we found you for the party. Everyone at the party commented on how great the face painting was and the kids were thrilled. Thanks heaps for maki (...) Read more
Thank YouBy Sonia on 4/12/2013 7:18:09 AM
Thanks Paint n Sparkles for your professionalism. I dealt with Sue to coordinate my sons 3rd birthday party and on the day Sam the face painter was fantastic. All the kids loved getting their faces painted, as did the adults! I will definitely use your services again!
thanks heapsssssssssBy teena on 29/11/2013 2:33:12 PM
Thanks Sue for making my son's birthday party the best.All the kids love it and parents really like your work.The face painting was awesome.thanks again.
Highly recommend SueBy naomi.cox.9615 on 29/11/2013 9:33:01 AM
Sue attended out houswarming party and painted the faces of 30+ kids. All her work was fantastic and she kept the children entertained. Coming dressed as a fairy was also muchly appreciated. I would definitely use Paint n Sparkles again . Thanks for a job well done!
Awesome entertainer and face painterBy elia.christodoulou.1 on 10/11/2013 8:33:19 PM
Thanks Sue (or should I say Cinderella) for providing great entertainment and face painting for my daughters 3rd birthday. We were all happy with your service. The kids loved the face painting, as well as the parents! it was exceptional work! I loved how all the kids received a prize, so no kids felt left out and there were no tears! Thanks again and I'm sure there will be (...) Read more
Thank YouBy justine.gonzalez.714 on 23/10/2013 9:28:40 PM
Thank you Sue And Abbey for hosting such a wondererful 5th birthday party for my daughter. The children really loved painting their pottery pieces and the bird houses were a huge success. The way you kept them all entertained with the art and craft and party games was wonderful. The best bit was house was clean and still in one piece at the end of the party as the childr (...) Read more
Exceptional service, highly recommend.By Amy on 22/10/2013 8:09:01 PM
A huge thanks to Sue who helped make my son's 5th birthday party really special. Dealing with Sue leading up to the event was a pleasure and she exceeded any expectations I had on the day. The face painting designs were amazing and the little guests reluctant to have their faces painted were delighted with the cute designs on their arms. Sue was friendly and warm with the (...) Read more
Fantastic Face PainterBy Angela on 22/10/2013 6:35:39 PM
I recently helped organise a charity event for a 7 year old boy dealing with bone cancer. We approached Paint & Sparkles and they were more then happy to help. I was thrilled with their service. The girls were lovely to the children and were a pleasure to work with. A great time was had by all, I would totally recommend their services for any party or event.


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6 Filthy Jokes You Won't Believe Are from the Bible
Statistically speaking, about 80 percent of you are either Christian or Jewish, and about 80 percent of you haven't read the Bible. That probably explains why the book has a reputation for being some nice stories about how you should stop cursing and/or masturbating.
In reality, the Bible is full of unbelievably dirty stories and one-liners about dongs, butts, and so, so much poop, many of which were censored out of the English version. That's right -- people couldn't resist toning things down even when translating the freaking Bible. But when you go back to the original text, you find things like ...
#6. King Rehoboam's Dick-Measuring Contest With His Dead Dad
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After King Solomon's death, the kingdom of Israel made like a baby and got split in two. It was a dark period for God's chosen people ... and it all started with a dick joke.
How's that? Well, in 1 Kings Chapter 12, Solomon's son Rehoboam takes the throne, and pretty much all of Israel comes to ask him to "Make the yoke which thy father did put upon us lighter." In other words: "Y'know how your dad liked to treat us like slaves? Can you, like, not do that so much?" The wise elders tell Rehoboam he should be a kinder ruler and win the hearts of the people, but he's having none of that sass.
Hans Holbein
An artist's representation of Rehoboam having none of that sass.
Instead, Rehoboam consults with "the young men who had grown up with him" (i.e., his frat bros), who advise him on how to handle the situation:
"... thus shalt thou say unto them, My little finger shall be thicker than my father's loins. And now whereas my father did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke: my father hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions." (1 Kings 12:10-11, King James Version)
Yeah, we've all been there: You're shooting the shit with your drinking buddies, they persuade you to boast about the size of your dong, and Israel gets into a 17-year civil war. Now, some of you have rushed to your Bibles and found that your translation is the much tamer "My little finger shall be thicker than my father's waist," but that's apparently an incorrect translation -- or a less crude version, anyway. The same word is used elsewhere in the Bible to mean "penis." The message is clear: "My little finger is bigger than my dad's cock, so you can just imagine what I'm packing."
Hans Holbein
"I'm not sure how that 'whipping people with scorpions' thing works out, but BY GOD I WILL FIND A WAY."
In other words, Rehoboam's response to a plea for mercy was to initiate a posthumous dick-measuring contest with a king who was famously able to satisfy a harem of 1,000 women. And hey, speaking of Solomon's legendary privates ...
#5. Solomon Writes About His Boner
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As we've told you time and again, just because you're one of the most respected people in history doesn't mean you can't also be a filthy pervert. Biblical figures are no exception -- take the wise old King Solomon, who not only wrote an entire book as a poetic ode to bonin', but somehow managed to slip the whole thing into the Old Testament.
Photos.com/Photos.com/Getty Images
"I'm gonna read you some Solomon" was the "Let's listen to Barry White" of the minus years.
We're talking about Song of Songs -- a book of poetry traditionally attributed to Solomon, presumably based on his own sexual adventures. With his harem of 700 wives and 300 concubines, this guy was pretty much the Old Testament's Teddy Roosevelt of sex-having. But the filthiest bit in the whole book is also probably the easiest to miss. If you take a look at Chapter 5, Verse 14, you'll see a poem written from the point of view of a woman describing her lover:
"His hands are disks of gold set with emerald. His chest is a block of ivory covered with sapphires." (Song of Songs 5:14, God's Word Translation)
However, there are two problems with this translation: 1) the word that was translated as "chest" is actually used for "belly," "loins," or any part of the lower human body, and 2) as you may know, ivory doesn't actually come in blocks -- it tends to be tusk-shaped. Now tell us this: What's a tusk-shaped body part that's covered with blue protrusions?
Anup Shah/Photodisc/Getty Images
Nobody likes a smartass.
Yeah, we're talking about a thick, veiny dick here. And if it's true that the women described in the book are Solomon's lovers, then it follows that the dudes are him. In other words, Solomon wrote an entire epic poem just to tell you about how awesome his penis was. No wonder his son felt so inadequate.
#4. Elijah Thinks Your God Is Probably Pooping
James Thew/Hemera/Getty Images
A large chunk of the Old Testament is taken up by God trying to convince the people of Israel that Seriously, those idols you guys like worshiping so much? They're not real. Wake up, sheeple! In one of the more memorable instances, the prophet Elijah issues an ultimatum to the prophets of the pagan god Baal: If that guy's really a god, prove it. How? With explosions, of course:
"Let two bulls be given to us ... And you call upon the name of your god, and I will call upon the name of the Lord, and the God who answers by fire, he is God." (1 Kings 18:23-24, English Standard Version)
C.G. Pfannschmidt
It was Jules' speech in case he ever had to duel anyone.
So, basically, both teams have to build an altar and offer a sacrifice, then wait for their respective deities to light 'em up -- fairly standard my-god-can-beat-up-your-god stuff. Naturally, Baal fails to show up to the party, and his prophets start getting exasperated, so they proceed to do whatever they can think of to elicit a response: they limp around, they cut themselves open with spears, but Baal does nothing.
And then Elijah gets bored and unleashes the sarcasm:
"And at noon Elijah mocked them, saying, 'Cry aloud, for he is a god. Either he is musing, or he is relieving himself, or he is on a journey, or perhaps he is asleep and must be awakened.'" (1 Kings 18:27, English Standard Version)
David Lentz/iStock/Getty Images
"OH, FOR MY SAKES, who didn't refill the toilet paper?!"
Some versions interpret the "relieving himself" part as simply "he's busy" -- but no, it's "I bet your god hasn't shown up because he's taking a dump." The original Hebrew word is sig, which can mean "expulsion," defecation," or "bowel movement." Yep, Elijah is being about 900 percent more offensive toward those dudes' deity than Monty Python was of Jesus in Life of Brian.
Oh, and in case you're wondering, Elijah then proceeds to build his own altar and drench it in 12 buckets of water, and then God lights it up in an instant.
Gustave Dore
Old Testament God was less about "faith" and more about "burning shit".


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I have heard that in the Midwest region of the United States (Nebraska, etc.), people do not have an accent when speaking compared to people from the south or either coast. Is this true? Why? Please add sources to back up what you say.
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As a native speaker of Midwestern American English, I don't hear my accent as an "accent", naturally, but I know it's there. Any English speaker will recognize that I'm American as soon as I open my mouth and start talking English (I occasionally do better in other languages), and they'll probably recognize my accent as "Midwestern", if they've ever heard of it.
So it's not true that Midwesterners don't have accents; we do. As Schrödinger's Cat points out, everyone has an accent.
Possibly -- and here's the germ of truth in this myth -- it may be the fact that Midwestern English is the standard dialect for national broadcasting in the United States that people are referring to. Just as RP is standard on the BBC (with special exceptions for Northern dialects), Midwestern is standard in the US (with exceptions, mostly for Southern dialects).
That's all.
Don't believe everything you hear about English. In fact, generally it's a good idea not to believe anything you hear about English; there's an awful lot of nonsense around.
Moreso than most any other country of the similar extent (maybe excepting Australia), the great majority of people in the US speak with the same accent. Only a trained language specialist (a student of accents like an actor or voice coach, not necessarily a linguist) would be able to take a random person and tell if they were different from the norm, much less say which variety the accent is from.
That is not to say that there are recognizable regional and cultural accents: multiple different but related varieties of Southern, the New York/New Jersey accents, the Boston/New England accents, the Northern cities accents, AAVE. But those are for the most part not that common or strong.
As far as the differences go, someone who speaks 'Midwestern' and someone who speaks 'General American' English are hardly distinguishable informally, but might be by taking a very specific and not terribly common set of contrasting pairs.
The only thing I have as an easy reference for this is the questionable wikipedia articles which really only give the distinctions rather than any perspective on prevalence: a section on regional differences, and a full article on regional accents. In the latter article there are two paragraphs describing General American English separately from Midwestern/Midland. There may be technical distinctions (cot-caught merger) but I find the distinction very subtle. They draw a distinction between North and South Midland; from my experience of both, their description sounds more like they are really describing the difference between General AmE and a variety of Southern AmE.
In sum, I find that the Midwestern accent, if one can really distinguish it, is very very close to General AmE, moreso than any other named variety. So I'd say that if anything could be called the Midwestern accent, though not identical, it is mostly indistinguishable from GenAmE for most people.
That said, a particularly notable (but arguable) example of the -North- Midland accent to the extreme is Sarah Palin (though from Alaska, she really sounds like she's from rural Illinois/Iowa/Wisconsin/Minnesota/Dakotas).
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Consider an ultrametic space $X=K^n$ (for the norm $\| x\| =\max_{i=1,n} (\mid {x_1}\mid,\dots,\mid{x_n}\mid)$ where $K$ is an ultrametric field. Let $B(1):=\lbrace x \in X \mid \|x\| \leq 1\rbrace$ be the unit ball. Equip $X$ with Haar measure. Is it possible to partition $B(1)$ into $k$ smaller balls $B_{a_1}(r_1),\dots, B_{a_k}(r_k)$ (where $B_a(r)$ is the closed ball of radius $r$ and center $a$), $k>1$?
Or put in a different way: is there a measure preserving bianalytic map taking $B(1)$ to the union of $B_{a_i}(r_i)$?
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- The interior depth of the large talavera sink is 6 inches.
- The interior depth of the small talavera sink is 4 3/4 inches.
- Due to the handmade nature of Talavera, colors and design may vary slightly.
Talavera Sink
Talavera sinks feature wonderfully intricate floral and animal patterns that will become the highlight of any bathroom decor! The ceramic of these Talavera sinks is hand-painted in Dolores Hidalgo, Mexico, and embodies all the classic charm of Mexican Talavera. Available in two sizes, all Talavera sinks from La Fuente Imports are self-rimming for easy installation, feature a built-in drain hole (connects to the bottom drain internally), and have a plain white exterior.
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Daniel Rowe
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"Since then I've had the chance in the world of mathematics that bid me welcome, to meet quite a number of people, both among my "elders" and among young people in my general age group who were more brilliant, much more 'gifted' than I was. I admired the facility with which they picked up, as if at play, new ideas, juggling them as if familiar with them from the cradle–while for myself I felt clumsy, even oafish, wandering painfully up an arduous track, like a dumb ox faced with an amorphous mountain of things I had to learn (so I was assured) things I felt incapable of understanding the essentials or following through to the end. Indeed, there was little about me that identified the kind of bright student who wins at prestigious competitions or assimilates almost by sleight of hand, the most forbidding subjects." Alexander Grothendieck
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The Rascals - Once Upon a DreamWed, May 1, 2013 - 7:00 PMRichard Rodgers Theatre in New York, NY
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What were Martin Luther's main disagreements with the Catholic Church? Were these beliefs of Luther's and his disagreements with the Catholic Church the origin of the Lutheran Church?
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The Fundamental Change
So the question is: How did Luther change from a Catholic theologian to a Protstant theologian? Or to highlight more the historical aspect: How did he change from a late-scholastic to a reformer? Or a last variation: How did the early Luther change to the "old Luther"?
This leads us to a certain happening, to a conversion-like radical change in his life. What I'm talking about is the so called tower experience of Luther.
The Luther before this experience is the Luther of the monastery-struggles. With increasing progress he can not find inner peace – neither by the sacramental means of grace nor by monastic pastoral care. In light of the coming angry justice of God, that he was taught, he despairs.
Now Luther insists on trying to understand what that righteousness is. According to the doctrine of the Catholic Church at that time, this righteousness must be understood as a philosophical, formal and active righteousness. This means: God is righteous and punishes the sinner and unrighteous. Luther not only despairs, but even hates this doctrine.
In that situation, the above-mentioned tower experience can take place, since Luther discovers, that Romans 1:17, doesn't only say
But rather has to be read in its context:
This makes Luther understand: The righteousness of God is this righteousness, which lets the just live by faith through God's gift. According to that Luther builds his understanding of righteousness inspired by Paul: it's passive and makes the sinner righteous by faith and not by any good work.
This is, what changes Luther from a Catholic theologian to a Protestant theologian.
From that point on, the Lutheran doctrine starts to grow.
Against Sale of Indulgence
He starts critisizing the sale of indulgences since they imply that righteousness can be reached by a good human work. According to Luther it can only by reached by faith in God, who makes the sinner righteous.
Against the Communion as a Sacrifice
For Luther the communion is a promise of God and not a sacrifice, like the Papacy has taught, as he says in his book The Misuse of the Mass (1521):
And much more …
A final word …
Luther was misused by some European principalities in the 16th century to shrink the popes and the Kaiser's influence. Against Luther's will it came to a schism, building of the Lutheran church and other confessions of Protestantism.