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| Stephany Romanow, Hydrocarbon Processing,
The increased need for hydrogen is spurred by growing demand for cleaner transportation fuels and upgrading of "opportunity" crudes. Refiners must convert bottom of the barrel into higher-value products.
By Stephany
NEW DELHI -- The global demand for hydrogen continues
to increase. How this demand will be met was the topic in the
IRPC 2013 presentation by Sanjiv Ratan, an official
with Technip Stone & Webster's process technology business.
The increased need for hydrogen is spurred by growing demand
for cleaner transportation fuels and upgrading of "opportunity"
crudes, he said. Refiners are challenged to convert the bottom
of the barrel into higher-value products.
Mr. Ratan stressed that hydrogen is a refinery asset, adding
that refiners should focus on refinery margins and less on costs.
One option to meet future hydrogen demand is the concept of the
mega-hydrogen plant, which are single train facilities of 100 to 200 kNm3. The
refinery Hy-Way, though, has several
technical issues to resolve.
A major concern is the tight natural gas supplies needed for
hydrogen plants and the need improve reliability, availability and maintenance (RAM), which impact
Global hydrogen demand will increase from 128 bcmy in 2001 to
245.5 bcmy by 2021, Mr. Ratan said. Much of new hydrogen will
come from China and India, with both nations more than
tripling their present hydrogen levels, he said.
Hydrogen is available in refinery fuel gas. Technip noted
that it has management product HyN DT (hydrogen network design
tool) that provides guidance in cost-effectively identifying
hydrogen resources in fuel gas.
In hydrogen plants, switching from naphtha to natural gas
provides benefits too. Natural gas is a cheaper feed. Other
processing bonuses include lower carbon dioxide emissions along with improved
The other option, Mr. Ratan said, is making hydrogen
through a mega H2 facility. The Mega H2 facility uses a single
train to capture economies of scale over a smaller, two-train
unit, he said.
The installed costs are less and the unit requires a small
footprint. The facility turn down is more efficient as well,
given the high energy efficiencies with the single train.
Whatever the solution, Mr. Ratan believes the growing refining landscape and its emerging
needs, especially in Asia, call for concerted strategies for
ensuring H2 availability efficiently and
In modern high-conversion integrated refineries, the need
for hydrogen can be satisfied starting with judicious hydrogen
management, followed by a potential capacity revamp of
existing H2 plants, he said.
Eventually, that can lead to efficient and
reliable H2 generation, furthered by adopting
a buy mode via over-the-fence
supply.For full coverage of IRPC 2013, visit
the HPInformer
All comments are subject to editorial review.
All fields are compulsory.
Integrated two train hydrogen give lots of tripping while in operating. Unit load up-down is to be done slowly delibrately. Man power - 02 persons for 02 train. I am fully agree with single unit with large capacity.
Peter Breit
Union Engineering has the FlashCO2 technology. It utilizes the PSA vent from existing Hydrogen Plants, captures the CO2 and increases Hydrogen production up to 14%. CO2 can be used for various applications. With this technology, the existing assets are utilized to the maximum.
B J Rao
Hydrogen can be produced by 1) Natural Gas Reforming followed by shift conversion & 2) Pet coke gasification (Coal Gasification) followed by shift conversion. In case of Natural Gas reforming, the client should consider the MIDREX reformer, instead of Steam Methane Reformer (SMR) or Auto-thermal Reforming (ATR) or combination of both. The advantage of MIDREX reformer is, it is 8-10% more energy efficient when compare with SMR / ATR / SMR+ATR. Other advantages are conservation of energy (NG) and less carbon-dioxide emission.Engineering consultants like Technip, Jacobs, Linde etc. should consider this. In case synthesis Gas / Hydrogen production by Pet coke gasification, pet coke should be blended with high ash coals
Gulshan Malhotra
It's nice to know that efforts being put into forward to get cleaner fuel as fuel gas.
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A searchable database of project activity in the global hydrocarbon processing industry
Engineers and designers are highly skilled individuals. Forcing them to enter design changes using tables, forms and spreadsheets is unproductive and uneconomical, and it increases the likelihood of human error—this is the way that most instrumentation software systems currently work. For too long, software vendors have denied engineers and designers the simple practicality of a graphical visual engineering interface with "drag and drop" capability and inbuilt intelligence, ensuring changes are automatically replicated into all the associated data and databases.
Is 2016 the peak for US gasoline demand?
Too soon to tell
July 2016


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Silva's UFC career is up in the air after he breaks leg
By Lance PugmireMcClatchy Newspapers
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
We unpack the facts and help you see through the packaging, labelling and advertising tricks.
At CHOICE, we often find that what's actually in the box doesn't match up to what's on the box, on the label, or in the ads – and that's if you can get past fancy packaging that's too clever for its own good! Ingredients, serving sizes, health benefits and country of origin tend to get tangled up in marketing-speak. So we unpack the facts with expert reviews, tests, information and buying guides.
Our experts examine all kinds of perfectly presented products every day, to see if they really do what it says on the tin. With their help, you'll be able see beyond the pretty promotions to find the fresh facts on product packaging, labelling and advertising.
Miranda Herron
Investigative journalist
Food warnings and safety, Nutrition, Groceries, Packaging, labelling and advertising
Rachel Clemons
Investigative journalist
Nutrition, Diet and fitness, Feeding children, Food warnings and safety, Groceries, Packaging, labelling and advertising
Kate Browne
Team leader - News
Beauty and personal care, Diet and fitness, Online shopping, Everyday shopping, Packaging, labelling and advertising, Education and childcare, Health, Baby transport, Feeding your baby
Jemma Castle
Investigative journalist
Online shopping, Packaging, labelling and advertising, General travel, Bikes, Gardening, Dentists and dental care, Shopping for services, Everyday shopping
Zoya Sheftalovich
Investigative journalist
Beauty and personal care, Conditions, Reproductive health, Online shopping, Everyday shopping, Shopping for services, Packaging, labelling and advertising, General travel, Energy saving, Shopping for special occasions
Looking to save some cash on those everyday items? We'll show you how.
The world's biggest shopping mall is always at your fingertips. Knowing how to navigate it properly can save you time and money.
If you're paying someone else to do it for you, you'll want them to do it better or faster than you would.


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This set includes tweezers for shaping, a spooley brush for grooming brow hairs and an angled brush for applying brow powder.
All prices are suggested retail.
Hold a pencil upright along the side of the nose. The brow should begin at the line where the pencil intersects the inner corner of the eye.
Next, angle the pencil from the tip of the nose to the middle of the iris. The brow should arch highest at the point where the pencil crosses the brow.
Finally, angle the pencil so it touches the outer edge of the nostril and intersects with the outer corner of the eye. This is where the eyebrow should end.
Start by using the spooley brush from the Mary Kay® Brow Tools to remove any excess foundation or powder from your brows and to brush them neatly in place.
To apply the brow pencil, make short, light strokes with the pencil from the beginning of the brow to the arch. For a softer look, apply the multibenefit mineral eye color as a brow powder. Use your angled brush from the Mary Kay® Brow Tools to gently apply color and enhance brows.
Use longer, feather-like strokes to finish the ends.
Finish by brushing on Mary Kay® Brow Gel to lock in color and keep groomed brows in place, giving brows a fuller, thicker appearance.
Get All For:
Classic Blonde
Make the perfect frame for your eyes and help make your face look years younger with the tweezers, spooley brush and angled brush designed to create a beautiful brow shape.
Prior to tweezing, make sure skin is clean. Tweeze in the direction of hair growth to avoid breakage. Tweeze from below the brow to create a clean shape, following the brow's natural arch. Use the point to tweeze smaller hairs and the slanted side for general tweezing. Tweeze slowly and carefully, checking brow shape.


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Car Seat and Booster Seat Safety for Kids
4 of 9
Who Should Ride in a Booster Seat?
The statistics are alarming: In 2006, Secretary of Transportation Norman Mineta said that only one in five kids who should be in booster seats is actually in one when riding in the car. All kids should ride in a child safety seat until they are ready to use a car's regular safety belts. There simply is no better way to protect your child in the event of a car crash than to securely fasten him in a car seat or booster seat.
Next: How Old Is Too Old?
More on: Childhood Safety


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- About the Office of Career Services
- Information for Students
- Information for Alumni/ae
- Information for Employers
- Career Development Blog
Office Hours:
Monday through Thursday:
9:00 am to 5:00 pm
9:00 am to 4:00 pm
*Evening Appointments welcome. Please contact the office to schedule.
Office of Career Services
t: 973-353-5555
f: 973-353-1590
The Office of Career Services is committed to providing quality services to meet the needs of local, regional, and national employers. All placement services are available to employers free of charge. Our placement services allow employers to reach both students and alumni who are interested in full-time, part-time, summer, and permanent positions. We look forward to working with you and assisting you in your recruitment efforts.
Posting a Job
The Office of Career Services serves legal employers throughout the region and the nation by offering placement services, free of charge. You set the criteria, give us a description, and we provide the information to students and alumni, who then contact you directly or through our office.
We have a password-protected online job database (Symplicity) for job postings for law students and alumni.
Once registered, you will be able to log-in at your convenience and post, alter and remove job listings for students and alumni. By using this system you can ensure that your job listings are posted on a timely basis and exactly in the way that you would like to see them posted. You have the power to post, modify, update and delete listings at your convenience.
On Campus Interview (OCI) Program
Rutgers–Newark has a long history of attracting highly qualified students who meet the rigorous hiring criteria of leading law firms, corporations, and government agencies. Many of our students have substantial prior work experience, have already earned graduate degrees, and in several cases are fluent in foreign languages. In addition, approximately 30 percent of the students at the school are members of a program designed to increase diversity at the law school and in the legal profession. Your participation in the on-campus interview program will give you the opportunity to meet many of these outstanding individuals.
Throughout the academic year, legal employers from across the country recruit Rutgers–Newark law students for summer and post-graduate positions. The nation's leading law firms and government employers visit the law school to interview second and third-year students, participate in our resumé referral program, and recruit students from all classes through our online, password-protected job posting board.
Our Fall interview season runs from mid-August through the end of October. All resumés of interested students will be forwarded to you for prescreening and selection. If you are unable to schedule interviews on campus, we will be pleased to collect and forward resumés to you, or to advise students to contact you directly.
You can register for OCI or request a Resumé Collection using Symplicity. Instructions are provided below for both current and new system users. Please be sure to review and/or update contact information for yourself and your organization before submitting the registration.
Current Users:
In addition, please send to our office two copies of any brochure or other information you would like for us to provide to students.
Employers who have previously used Symplicity to participate in OCI or post a position at Rutgers–Newark may use current passwords to register. A new password may be requested by selecting the "Forgot My Password" tab on the main webpage. Your login ID will always be your complete email address.
New Users:
New Jersey Law Firm Night
Each Spring, the Office of Career Services hosts New Jersey Law Firm Night, which provides representatives from New Jersey law firms the opportunity to introduce their firms to first and second-year law students prior to the start of the fall recruitment season. Every year, the event serves as an excellent forum at which our students can meet you and learn about your firms in a casual and comfortable setting.
For more information regarding participation in any of these events, please contact our office.
Non-Discrimination Policy
Please note that by using any of the services our office provides, including job postings and OCI, all employers agree to abide by the non-discrimination policy of Rutgers School of Law–Newark.


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Is there a way to discontinue your Xbox Live automatic monthly/annual renewal (and credit card charge) over the Web/Internet?
I've been trying to do this for weeks and I set myself a rule that I wouldn't call CS nor cancel my DD. As a UK user the "Automatic Renewal:" status isn't a link:
It's ridiculously simple to turn it on, but turning it off the same way is deliberately impossible.
Edit: http://forums.xbox.com/9/31086471/ShowPost.aspx#31086471 (FAQ & Guide - How to turn Automatic Renewal OFF Please read) contains the gem "Note: The Auto Renewal ON/OFF feature was removed from all markets except USA, Germany, Taiwan and Japan on the 18th of February 2010." Wonder why..?
Contrary to what other sites may tell you when Googling around, yes you can cancel your Xbox Live membership renewal without calling customer support. It's actually really tricky with non-obvious links apparently intended to confound and upset.
After messing around on the Xbox.com website, you may stumble upon the My Account pages (note: US link). In there is a "Membership Level" section which does have an option to disable renewal. It may be a tiny text link that says "Automatic Renewal: ON", where the word ON is the link.
You should then end up on a page that doesn't look like it's intended for cancelling your renewal at all, but if you scroll down you should find a "Next" button near the bottom. Hit next through like 3 similar pages - all of which are trying to tell you about all the features you are missing out on by cancelling your membership - until you finally get to the part that actually lets you cancel.
I'd have a better description and some screenshots for you, but I already cancelled mine (through this process) so I can't see the exact pages.
If you log in to Xbox.com and go to your "My Account" page, there is a "Membership Level" section. It's in there that you can control your billing by enabling or disabling your monthly renewal.
Just found this gem on Reddit, for those living where online automatic renewal cancellation is disabled:
Edit: This may only work in the US, since changing the country linked to an account seems to be difficult (if not impossible).
Update! Following the cost increase of monthly renewal, MS sent me a nice email detailing the rise and this snippet (UK account, remember):
Useful, except that that number is the TTY device line for the hearing impaired, modem noise and all. The voice line is actually 0800 587 1102. Close, though. I managed to cancel automatic renewal through this number.
Hope this helps someone else.
The auto renewal link mentioned by Mag is only available in the US and a few other countries. The UK isn't included so after two unsucessful calls to CS I sent them an email through the account section on xbox.com and complained. I got a response asking for a contact phone number and convenient time for them to call, which they did and cancelled it immediately.
Lots of old info here, so straight from the FAQ:
Please edit or comment if this doesn't work in your region.
protected by Frank Mar 10 '15 at 12:41
Thank you for your interest in this question.
Because it has attracted low-quality or spam answers that had to be removed, posting an answer now requires 10 reputation on this site (the association bonus does not count).
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text:
The View Controllers in my Storyboard file keep disappearing.
As of now I have to press the up arrow and highlight over every single item to reinstate my view controllers.
What can I do to get rid of this problem and is there something else I can do to reinstate these disappearing view controllers onto my storyboard?


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Monitoring Patterns of North America's Migratory Birds along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico
Migratory birds spend up to four months of the year in spring and fall migrations. Most of that time is spent at stopover sites replenishing fat and protein reserves for energetically demanding nocturnal flights. Species abundances are often exceptionally high in limited habitat at migration stopover sites. Many species that occupy different ranges during breeding or wintering occur together during migration along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Understanding the factors that affect the timing and condition of birds during migration can inform managers and scientists about the most important conservation priorities that may prevent future declines.
We are banding migrants in some of the first resting and refueling habitat for northward migrants after hundreds of miles of non-stop flight across the Gulf of Mexico. The Nature Conservancy's Clive Runnells Family Mad Island Marsh Preserve (Mad Island) in Matagorda County, Texas has several unique and rare habitats and is situated in the middle of the Central and Mississippi Migration Flyways. The Migratory Bird Research Group at the University of Southern Mississippi is concurrently banding birds in Johnson's Bayou, Louisiana. These sister sites are within the peak spring passage region for eastern North American migrants and, therefore, well situated to capture an abundance of many species from broad geographic regions.
- What is the timing, distribution and abundance of migrants at high density spring stopover sites along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico? How does winter habitat quality affect the condition and timing of migrating birds? Do birds migrating to breeding latitudes pass through stopover sites at the same times? Events occurring prior to and during spring migration are likely to affect timing of arrival, access to high-quality breeding habitats, and ultimately reproduction and survival. Practically nothing is known about how wintering conditions affect the condition of birds along the migration route. We can only obtain such information while birds are actively migrating with information obtained from stable isotopic signatures of tissues, which allows us to know the birds' previous habitat use and geographic origins.
- Are migratory birds carrying exotic tick species into the United Sates? Migratory birds may be playing an under-recognized role in facilitating invasions of Neotropical ticks and tick-borne pathogens into the United States. Songbirds in Central and South America are known to host Neotropical ticks that carry a suite of pathogens potentially harmful to humans. Ticks typically attach to a host and feed for several days and during this time a migratory bird can move hundreds of kilometers including across the Gulf of Mexico into the United States. Recent work suggests millions of exotic ticks are likely moving into the Unites States each year and potentially carrying harmful pathogens with them. Yet, the frequency, origin and destination of ongoing Neotropical tick invasions into the United States have not been studied, in large part due to our inability to track the movement of birds that serve as their carriers.
- In the course of conducting this research, we hope to increase awareness of the importance of the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico to bird populations, and increase awareness of the phenomenon of bird migration, ecology, and conservation.
- During 2012, we captured over 1,500 birds of nearly 80 species. During the spring of 2013, we captured 3,160 migrants of 84 species.
- During 2013, we collected 66 ticks from 25 species of birds. These ticks have been molecularly identified and screened for pathogens. All individual nymphs and larval pools of ticks that we processed were confirmed molecularly to be one of seven species in the genus Amblyomma. Only two of these species are known to occur in the United States.
- We have completed isotopic analysis (δ13C and δD) of the toenail and tail feather tissues collected at both sites from three species; Ovenbird, Wood Thrush, and American Redstart.
- The Mad Island banding station has also had a significant impact on a growing number of students. During the spring of 2012, over 125 students from local schools visited the banding station and during the spring of 2013 almost 300 students visited. A number of the children told us that they would like to visit other natural places to see if they could catch more fiddler crabs, see how healthy the water was, and just see more wildlife—especially birds!
SMBC Investigators:
- Sarah Hamer, College of Veterinary Medicine at Texas A&M University
- Frank Moore, The University of Southern Mississippi
Expedition Blogs
This data is not intended for publication. These numbers include unbanded birds, and birds recaptured from previous seasons. For more information please contact Emily Cohen or Pete Marra. This research is made possible with the support of ConocoPhillips, Helen DuBois, The Trull Foundation, and The Nature Conservancy.


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Are there studies which say sitting with their legs bent back on either side of them this is bad? If so, how do you get your child to stop sitting this way?
Are there studies which say sitting with their legs bent back on either side of them this is bad? If so, how do you get your child to stop sitting this way?
This style of sitting is referred to as "W-sitting." There are good reasons for encouraging children to avoid this posture.
Children like this sitting position because it provides a great deal of stability. One of the unfortunate side-effects is that they don't develop the appropriate trunk control. There is no trunk rotation in this posture, which can delay or hinder the development of handedness. See Pediatric Center for more information.
Also, I found this:
And there's more, but you get the idea. When my children started W-sitting a lot, my wife insisted it was damaging. I "knew" that was a myth and looked online for recent studies showing it wasn't harmful. I couldn't find a single reputable source making this claim.
I found one source more: http://www.learninglinks.org.au/pdf/infosheets/LLIS%2025_W-Sit.pdf
saying it is not good to w-sit.
But: I tried to find scholarly material (from peer-reviewed journals) on the subject, and did not find strong evidence: neither for nor against. For example, in this journal: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dev.20593/full
So, I think the physiotherapists agree that w-sitting is not recommendable, but there is little or no scientific research made on it.


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What is the best Web Application Firewall(WAF) for IIS? What makes it better than the others? How useful is it at blocking attacks against poorly written code, otherwise known as an Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)?
WAFs are required by the PCI-DSS, so if I have to get one, then it should the best one.


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I'm an electrical engineer currently working as a software engineer and developer. Prior to that, I was a computer tech for 6 months at a independently owned computer store while I looked for an actual engineering job.
I'm a big gamer, with a lot of it taking place on the PC, but I also own a 360 and PS3.
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Wanted (Hardcover)
In Rosewood, majestic estates sprawl for acres, and Tiffany toggle bracelets dangle from every girl's wrist. But not all that glitters is gold, and the town harbors secrets darker than anyone could imagine like the truth about what really happened the night Alison DiLaurentis went missing. . . .
Back in middle school, Ali plucked Emily, Hanna, Aria, and Spencer from obscurity and turned them into the beautiful, popular girls everyone wanted to be. Ali was the best friend they ever had. But she also made them do terrible things and taunted them with their worst secrets. Now, three years later, all their questions about Ali have finally been answered and they can put this awful chapter of their lives behind them. Or so they think.
Not every story has a happy ending, especially when four pretty little liars have done so many wicked things. In the dramatic conclusion of Sara Shepard's bestselling Pretty Little Liars series, Emily, Hanna, Aria, and Spencer could get everything they've ever wanted unless A has one more horrifying twist in store.
About the Author
Sara Shepard is the author of two New York Times bestselling series, Pretty Little Liars and The Lying Game, as well as the series The Perfectionists. She graduated from New York University and has an MFA from Brooklyn College.


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I see the Todd Trimble article "Elementary Theory of the Category of Sets" on catlab.
I ask: how make (in the categorical setting) the usual union of a set $\cup X=${$y |\exists x\in X: y\in x$}?
This object is (strongly) no natural (no amenable to a functor and natural transformation).
I ask this because the "Union axiom" is one of the ZF theory of sets.


text:
Scoble: Exit Stage Left
- Posted: Jul 07, 2006 at 2:53PM
- 479 views
Right click "Save as…"
I caught up with Scoble as he and his son (what a slave driver!) were packing up his office, which meant checking email .
We talk about all the things you'd expect us to talk about, given this is Scoble's Channel 9 Exit Interview...
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"Evangelization and healing are intrinsically connected"
The University of Notre Dame has asked some of its faculty members to comment on the latest news of the Roman Catholic Church in the wake of the Pope's resignation. Professor John Cavadini, a frequent Commonweal contributor, offered these reflections, which I thought might interest dotCommonweal readers. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UCiJwMRc4co
(A quick note of introduction. I have been posting on Verdicts since its inception, but Matt, Grant, and Mollie have graciously allowed me to share some thoughts here. I should also note, I suppose, that I received a PhD from ND's theology department, and John Cavadini is one of my teachers, mentors, and friends.)
About the Author
Scott D. Moringiello is an an assistant professor in the Department of Catholic Studies at DePaul University, where he teaches courses in Catholic theology and religion and literature. He blogs at dotCommonweal.
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Intrinsically connected is not the right phrase. They have to be the same. Jesus essentially came to "free the captives." This is his anointing that the "deaf hear, the blind see and the poor have the gospel preached to them." Cavadini is wrong to say that healing has to proceed from evangelization because he sees evangelization as the doctrinal presentation of dogma. Evangelization is to free the captives and set them free. It is not a liberalism which allows them to get the crumbs off our table but a Good News which brings them into the fullness of life. It is not that we let them sit at our table but we give them an honored place. We wash their feet. It is not as important to explain the Trinity or the dominance of the pope as it is to set the captives free. "THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD IS UPON ME, BECAUSE HE ANOINTED ME TO PREACH THE GOSPEL TO THE POOR. HE HAS SENT ME TO PROCLAIM RELEASE TO THE CAPTIVES, AND RECOVERY OF SIGHT TO THE BLIND, TO SET FREE THOSE WHO ARE OPPRESSED,The Good News is that the life of Christ is available to all and that we begin this life in this world. Not a proclamation of dogmas that we really do not understand. When we put dogma (evangelization) first we end up with marvelous (and strange) red cossacks and ancient miters which bespeak of empire so that the Vatican becomes a place where we must preserve royalty and from which we will condemn those who set the captives free. When the captives are freed God is glorified. The false glorification of God leads to Charlemagne, Bernard of Clairvoux and the exaltation of Europe over everybody else. Jesus puts the captives first in his anointing. So should we.
Bill, you must have been distracted while listening. Cavadini stated clearly that the primary focus of evangelization is a personal encounter with Jesus that leads to some form of healing. I thought his remarks were cogent and on the mark.
Great post, Scott. I am a great admirer of Cavadini. I think his sentiments are "right on."
I'm hardly impartial, working at Notre Dame and counting John as a dear friend, but if the cardinal electors wanted to go big, what would be wrong with a Cavadini papacy?
Michael,Besides his many other qualities, his name ends in a vowel!
Bob, Radcliffe ends in a vowel, too! He could be secretary of state, perhaps.
John, I do give Cavadini credit for stating that evangelization must lead to a personal encounter with Christ. But in the final analysis he has consistently mixed up the priority in fostering a dogma approach to theology. This statement is welcome and I applaud his new emphasis. But Cavadini and others who have followed his approach must take responsibility fot the stress in orthodoxy over orthopraxy in the last thirty five years. He has come closer but he is still off the mark. He remains in the high christology area and a triumphal theology but he is beginning to realize the inadequacy of that approach. Hope his movement will come full circle to the captives which is the doubtless emphasis of Jesus.
Bill, I appreciate your zeal for the topic, and I'd like to offer a substantive response to your point at 2:48, but as you know, you didn't make a substantive point.You write,"But in the final analysis he has consistently mixed up the priority in fostering a dogma approach to theology. "--What does this even mean? What is a "dogma approach to theology"? As opposed to what? Dogma simply means "teaching." Theology, as you know, is a reflection on the teachings of the Scriptures in the community of interpreters that is the Church." But Cavadini and others who have followed his approach must take responsibility fot the stress in orthodoxy over orthopraxy in the last thirty five years."--I take it you're still referring to a "dogma approach." Are you thinking of specific texts in the last 35 years? (Cavadini hasn't been a scholar for 35 years. I think he was still in grad school 35 years ago.) Are you talking about texts from the Popes in the last 35 years? Certain theologians? Religious education instruction?"He remains in the high christology area and a triumphal theology but he is beginning to realize the inadequacy of that approach"-- I honestly have no idea what this means. Are you saying that high Christology is somehow linked to Constantianism? If so, how do you account for those theologians like Irenaeus, Clement, and Origen who are often tagged with a "high Christology" who wrote before the "Christian" Empire? And of course there is high Christology throughout the NT. (I think the distinction between high and low Christology has far outlived its usefulness.)As you know, I'm not looking for a fight here, but in the interests of conversation and greater understanding, I need to know what you mean. Comboxes, alas, are not great media for that.
Funny that his title in the video is not PhD, not Professor, but "expert". Expert in general or in something in particular?
Thanks for your post recent post, Scott. I am appreciate your thoughtfulness and thoroughness in response to some of the comments made here. I sign of a careful and well-educated mind is to make nuanced distinctions while avoiding sweeping generalizations. You have clearly done this.
I have to admit, I don't really know what Cavadini means by "encountering Jesus." Or rather, to paraphrase MacIntyre, "which Jesus? Whose Jesus?" There is of course only one Jesus, but figuring out where best to encounter him is quite difficult. I'm a gay Catholic, and they question I answer constantly from friends is not, "How can you believe in Jesus?" but "How can you be Catholic?" Jesus can be encountered for many of them in a host of churches, or none. Now I am Catholic precisely because I believe in the necessary ecclesial element, but I also am often at a loss--apart from my personal biography--as to why that encounter couldn't just as easily happen if I were Anglican. I've encountered Jesus far more through the writings of Rowan Williams than I have through those of Benedict, precisely because for me Benedict is an anti-evangelical figure. Its very difficult to be banned from the priesthood, have your existence treated as though its a problem to be solved, and then somehow look to the same people issuing these edicts as having something useful to tell you about Jesus. If one cannot be trusted in small things, one cannot be trusted with larger. It is the Catholic Church, its governance, and many of its teachings that are not dogma but are treated as though they were (LGBT matters, issues with women, sexual teaching, etc.) that are the obstacles to Catholic evangelization. So though Cavadini is correct that evangelization and healing go together, and may even be correct that evangelization is "formally prior" (as useless as that may practically be), unless there is more focus on genuine healing in structure and reaching out with a truly listening ear to those the official church has marginalized and maligned, profound and pious encyclicals can be written and offices created at Catholic universities for the "new evangelization," but they will mostly be appreciated by the already converted.
Scott,We talk of a "church of dogma" meaning a church which stresses orthodoxy over orthopraxy. The language is so common that I am surprised you find it unfamiliar. Even a cursory run through church history reveals a hierarchy which has sentenced people to death because they questioned or denied a dogma. Christians started killing Christians for the first time in the fourth century over dogma. Augustine thought it laudatory. I agree with you that: "Theology, as you know, is a reflection on the teachings of the Scriptures in the community of interpreters that is the Church." This is my problem with Cavadini and his orthodox theology. That interpretation has done damage to the church. He aligns himself with the CDF while he has failed to call Ratzinger on his perpetuating the cover-up of pedophilia priests. Granted Cavadini has not been there for thirty five years. But he is part of that trajectory which makes theologians slaves to the magisterium. Theologians should challenge the magisterium when it loses its focus as the Vatican has done in recent years.In general present day theologians are an uncreative and cowardly bunch. They are just as responsible for the malaise in the church as the bishops. I think the distinction between high and low christology is still relevant. Especially since too many theologians think that the Trinity and Immaculate Conception are more important than the crucifixion and resurrection. Iraneus, Clement and Origen are not infallible, by the way. High christology is important since it has forgotten the "Captives" and centered on triumphalism. I appreciate your response, Scott. What I have written above is to provide further data to the conversation.
Scott:In attempting to answer a farrago of ill conceived assertions such as above, the best strategy is to adopt the old scholastic dictum: "What is gratuitously asserted is gratuitously denied.
As usual, Larry, your snarkiness overwhelms your reason and good taste. As far as Gratis asseritor, gratis negatur is concerned, de ore tuo te judico.
I appreciated your comment, Prof Cunningham!
While I'm not posting in order to defend the totality of Bill's comments, I do think the blithe condescension of Scott and Lawrence toward Bill's perspective is not particularly helpful. It is also grossly inattentive to the merits of the argument made by Bill. Namely, that throughout various stages in the history of Christianity the Church has aligned itself with empire and perpetuated violent acts in order to defend its theological positions and socio-political power (see Augustine on the Donatists, the Inquisition, etc.). That power and force has been used in order to defend and legitimate doctrinal and dogmatic orthodoxy is beyond dispute. (Nicea and Chalcedon are as much about the technicalities of theology as they are about the use of political force to legitimate theological perspectives and perpetuate power structures within the ancient world). This is all to say that the rightness or correctness of the praxis of the Church has often been ill served by its focus on orthodoxy. Thus, the legitimacy of the criticisms of persons like Bonhoeffer, Gutierrez, and Sobrino that the institutional church has too often fixated on its own hierarchical and doctrinal power and thereby strayed from its foundational commitment to being a "church of the poor."Whether Cavadini is involved in the perpetuation of a preoccupation with dogma over praxis is certainly a debatable point. I tend to think that being appointed to the International Theological Commission by Benedict XVI gives ample evidence as to where his sympathies lie. Furthermore, his rather heated (and rather superficial) review of Haight's Symbol of God point to the fact that he is aligned with Vatican interpretations of orthodoxy, at least in this case (his lack of understanding of Rahner on realsymbol is baffling). I tend to share the opinion of Sarah Coakley (in her review of the CDF case against Haight) that as with most matters in the Vatican the censure of Haight is more about power than anything else. Which leads me to ask has much changed since Nicea and Chalcedon....and is Bill really so terribly off base?
Jim,Bill didn't think my comments were condescending. I wonder why you do. I wasn't able to respond to his follow up comment, but I don't see the need to respond to every comment. Bill and I have corresponded on the Verdicts site a few times, and I've always found our interactions fruitful, if necessarily incomplete.As I noted in my original post, John Cavadini is a friend of mine. He is the farthest thing from the Grand Inquisitor that I know. He did superb work while he was chair of the theology department at Notre Dame, and he continues doing superb work as the director of the Institute of Church Life at Notre Dame. I could point you to many, many students at ND who were inspired by him, who because of John Cavadini are teaching theology to grammar school and high school students, who are trying to deepen theological conversations at Catholic (and non-Catholic) universities, who are serving the poor directly in any number of ways. Impugning his character because he was appointed to the ITC shows both an ignorance of the man and a lack of charity. (Disagreeing with a review he wrote is fine, but obviously, as you know, a review does not show the entirety of a person's thoughts.)All of us (and I include myself) need to be a little less broad in our characterizations. It doesn't help our conversation. One can respond to the points Cavadini made in the video, as Andy Buechl (whose quotations of MacIntyre suggests to me he must have spent some time at ND or Duke!) did, but we are getting far beyond anything that was in the video.Finally, do you know who was chair of the theology department at the University of Notre Dame when Gustavo Guiterrez became a faculty member and was enthusiastic about his appointment? Who supported faculty and graduate students when a Catholic Worker house was founded in South Bend, Indiana? Who forged links between ND and universities in Africa? John Cavadini.
Hagiography aside (ahem). I think that the fact that Cavadini brought exactly one liberation theologian to the faculty during his tenure while bolstering other areas of the department is suggestive. That there are only a handful of persons committed to liberation theology in a department that boasts more than 50 faculty is also suggestive. There should be a diversity of opinions both right and left on any theological faculty as large as Notre Dame's, I just happen to think that the aftermath of Cavadini's leadership is one in which certain theological trajectories--progressive trajectories--have been decidedly marginalized. Perhaps this approach was pursued as a corrective to McBrien's liberal reign, but I think it is fairly evident that there has been a turn toward a more conservative faculty under Cavadini's leadership.But I'm not here to argue that Cavadini's views or his leadership is legitimate or illegitimate (overall, I find him to be a thoughtful man). I do think, however, that the curt dismissal of Bill's perspective and feigned incomprehension at what he could possibly be talking about is a bit much. Bill's criticisms are mainstream in the Catholic left and representative of a perspective that wishes to push the envelope in relation to gender roles in the church, Christology in the face of religious pluralism and socio-political oppression, and greater democratization within the institutional structures of the Church. As far as I can tell, this is not what Cavadini has focused on in his theology. Thus, as I stated, in my original post is it really so outlandish for Bill to criticize dimensions of Cavadini's theology from the perspective of progressive Catholicism? I think not....
Jim. Your original point was that my response to Bill M showed "blithe condescension." I can let Bill answer for himself on that, but his response to my point showed me he did not think I showed "blithe condescension." You also wrote " I do think, however, that the curt dismissal of Bills perspective and feigned incomprehension at what he could possibly be talking about is a bit much." Again, I did no such thing, nor do I think Bill thought that way. Everything else you've written has little, if anything, to do with the video I posted. The video did not address the state of ND's theology department. Why don't you write an article for the magazine about the state of ND's theology department or the state of Catholic theology in the US more generally?And the line "Hagiography aside (ahem)." is one of the more "blithely condescending" things I've read on this blog in a while.I'll leave it at that.
Trust me, there was no blithe in that condescension. It was motivated by something altogether different. But as you note, I should probably leave it at that.
Scott, While I appreciate Jim's putting things into perspective with some valuable insights I don't think it is helpful if we follow a method of derision in our dialogues which sadly has been Larry's ubiquitous mode on this blog. Yet Jim makes sense when he notes that you seemed to sound surprised when I objected to such things as the "church of dogma" as such a phrase has almost become axiomatic in theological circles. What I find amazing is that while you can state: "Id like to offer a substantive response to your point at 2:48, but as you know, you didnt make a substantive point.", you get worked up about Jim uttering some creative descriptions. The fact is we all slide too often into ad baculams and we work to get past them. What I must praise you about is that you do attempt to dialogue which is salutary. In that sense, Jim's comments were important as were yours. We need to work with that. Tim Radcliffe would be pleased.
Bill,I'm pretty sure the first time I heard the phrase "church of dogma" was when you wrote it. I'm not making that up. If I had heard it before, I had forgotten. I didn't understand some of your phrases, and you were nice enough to clear them up. I appreciate that.As for "substantive point," what I meant there was that you were making interesting points, but I didn't see them substantively addressing what Cavadini said. I certainly was not attacking you. And, you know that I wasn't being condescending. (Perhaps others on this thread and others have been condescending, but I'm not in the business of adjudicating that.)As for what goes on in various theological circles, I'm sure you can agree that there are too many circles and too much inside baseball terminology within those circles. That's true, by the way, not only for theology but for the liberal arts in general. And we should lament it. (As I'm sure you do.)Basta cos.
I found it puzzling that he focused on the encyclical "God Is Love" which, after it appeared, really did nothing more.No further evangelization appeared because of it.No policy priorities resulted from it.No healing, that I'm aware of, came about because of it.What did it do?I liked that encyclical. Very much. But as far as I can tell, it didn't prompt unbelievers to change their minds about Christian faith. It didn't aid Catholics who are struggling to maintain their Christian faith. It really -- and I'm sorry to say this, because it was a promising beginning -- was stillborn.But there's a reason for that, and I think Cavadini's remarks do not address this: the way in which the magisterium is exercised is one-way. There's no listening. The resulting statements, even when "correct" don't respond to the real people whom the Church pastors nor to the real problems with which they struggle. A speaker may say God is love, but if his own demonstration of "love" does not take into account the actual object of that love, but rather treats the other as pre-defined, and pre-determined, the statement is not believable. Thinking that one already knows everything about the other, without listening, asking, seeking dialogue, isn't love. (This is one of the core insights of the work of Margaret Farley on ethics.)So, to me, healing needs to proceed on another level, which is not mentioned here. The way in which the Church arrives at ethical teachings, norms, and standards has to change to become more dialogical and wisdom-seeking. The way in which decisions about the worship life of the church are arrived at also needs to become more dialogical and wisdom-seeking. Pope Benedict may talk about love all day long, but his pontificate has been rife with examples of a top-down approach to questions of great import to the life of the faithful.Here are some examples. His pontificate has often been embarrassed with respect to dialogue with non-Christians, and why? Had he any imagination about the other, he would have known that, for example, his remarks in the Regensburg address would offend Muslims. He would have known that his rewrite of the Extraordinary Form prayer "for the conversion of the Jews" would be regarded as an inadequate response.His enthusiastic support for Liturgiam Authenticam and the affirmation he gave to Vox Clara, when the book he was given wasn't even the book we received, show that he didn't know what was really going on, only what he thought was going on. One had hoped that he would be able at least to consider that changing "for all" to "for many" in the Eucharistic Prayer is a terribly tone-deaf pastoral decision, but no. His personal insistence on it has ridden roughshod over the objections of first the German, then the Italian bishops' conferences, as well as squelching considerable contrary opinion in the English-speaking conferences. Love that is one-way, and paternalistic isn't love, and people know that.
Jim Jacobs:Both Margaret Pfeil (who lives at a Catholic Worker House) and has liberationist sympathies and Dan Groody who write in the liberationist area (especially on immigration) were both hired by john Cavadini while Catherine Hilkert who writes on feminist theology was hired by myself. In the last three years I sat on three doctoral boards involving Latin American theology and directed a fourth myself. The current chair also wrote his dissertation on political theology. There is more to the theology department than you might suppose. Finally, one of our professors this year won the "Ratzinger Prize" but that probably counts against us in "progressive" Catholic circles.As for my reaction to the broad generalizations in my advice to Scott: I stand by my words. I noticed that they were quoted back to me in Latin. See if you can find the error in that attempt to one up the snarky professor. Oops, there I go again.
"O homines ad servitutem paratos."
Amen to what Rita said. I think that the new missal should figure in prominent place in the cardinals' discussions as a proof of the dysfunction of government. It's also a major reason for us laity to pay attention to this conclave: now we know that the pope can have a direct negative impact on our life as Christians, even for those among us who have the good luck of not being gay, divorced and remarried, or otherwise on his radar.Had I been told a few years ago that the Vatican would create a missal full of English errors and translation errors, that priests would go along and that people would not care or not rebel, I would not have believed it. Now I know: we have to keep watch to try to prevent the Vatican from continuing their destructive work.Meanwhile I have lost the Creed at Mass. Last week I noticed that the woman next to me also remained silent during that time. Yet she sang at other times, and she had a breviary next to her in the pew. I imagine that she too has lost the Creed.If I don't talk about it all the time when I am in the US, it's not because I am getting used to it. It's because I don't know what to say other than repeat what I have already said before. It doesn't get any better.


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Since it's not in the Bible, are Evangelicals taught to ignore or disapprove of the teachings of such folks as Aristotle and Plato? Would they belive a redacted version of the Summa Theologica or City of God where all the Aristotelean and Neo Platonic stuff is gone and only the Divine Law stuff remains?
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One of the founding ideas of Protestantism was "sola scriptura", meaning that we view the Bible as the only ultimate authority. That doesn't mean that we refuse to read any other books. The existence of thousands of Baptist bookstores should be adequate proof that that's not true. What it means is that we do not view any book other than the Bible as having any authority beyond the weight of the writer can convince us of by the force of his arguments.
Frankly, I suspect most rank-and-file Protestants don't know who Aquinas, Augustine, etc are. (Well, does the average Catholic know who they are?) Among the more intellectual Protestants, of course we read and quote and discuss Greek and Scholastic philosophers and the Church Fathers. We just read them with the attitude that we will agree with some things they say and disagree with others. We don't need "redacted" versions -- we're grown-ups, we can handle the fact that we may not agree with everything we read. :-)
Aeoril says:
"The idea of 'Natural Moral Law', if you are referring to the idea that one can discern moral truths from pure philosophical pursuits is something I would argue is untenable."
I would suggest that you read Cicero's "De Legibus" ("On the Laws"). Within, you will find that Cicero arrives at many conclusions about of God and His law which approximate Scriptural truth. They are limited and subtly different and for this reason, they are more dangerous at turning a Christian aside than blatant contradictions. It is for this reason that the early Church was turned aside to various forms of "Hellenist" Christianity. Nevertheless, your statement would be found by Cicero and others as untenable. And the conclusions of these pagan thinkers demonstrate the verity of the 1st Chapter of Romans (v 19-20) that an unbeliever can know some things about God from natural revelation, however difficult and unlikely that is. This is important because it means that there is often a point of contact in proselytizing. We don't have to rely on signs and wonders, presuppositionalism, gnostic and pietist witness and Pascal's Wager.
I am not sure about the "Evangelical take", but as a disciple of Christ who studies and lives and speaks in communion with other Christians, I have come to certain conclusions about truth.
The idea of "Natural Moral Law", if you are referring to the idea that one can discern moral truths from pure philosophical pursuits is something I would argue is untenable.
Scripture (the most extensive revelation from God) is the foundation of any attempt to find truth. Reason is a way of interacting in our limited and flawed capacities with ourselves and others to test and affirm the validity of our understanding of Scripture and explore it and comprehend it, though ultimately imperfectly. Tradition passed down orally and perhaps even by texts and creeds, etc. in an unbroken line from the original eyewitnesses to the history of God's interaction and revelations with people is also paramount. Finally, the indwelling within our earthly vessels of the Holy Spirit provides direct guidance from God for each of us in our search for the truth, in concert with all these others things.
Spiritual truth ultimately can only come from God, including moral truth. Philosophy when reduced to pure mental exercise is fundamentally arbitrary mind play, and can never lead to truth if used alone. No moral stance can be extracted that can be considered truth from it without proper spiritual guidance. One only need look at Nazi Germany to realize that they had a very elaborate moral philosophy that, though thoroughly reasoned through and applied by some with real belief that their way was the best way for all on earth (though of course especially for Germans) to understand the horrible outcomes of reasoned morality through philosophical endeavors not predicated on revelation from the one true loving God.
One also can cite the proliferation of endlessly competing and disparate though thoroughly well reasoned world views espoused throughout the ages to realize that without guidance from God's authoritative truth we are as a race helpless to define meaningful moral or spiritual truth.
When tempered by the four pillars used to explore God's truth mentioned above, however, and guided by the Holy Spirit, reason and philosophy that comes from it can be very valuable means of broadening and deepening ones understanding of the one true truth as revealed by God.
By sharpening the mind and exposing those who spend their time in theological pursuits to alternative though possibly flawed points of view, it can be valuable as an exploratory mechanism to give counterpoint to the truth that might lead to insights for an individual or in corporate study of elements of the truth not realized without some critical thinking. It can also become just a waste of time, though, if done too much without a good dollop of Scripture, tradition and the Holy Spirit!
Unless we have an understanding of philosophical methods, we would have no idea of the validity of any work claiming to be an exposition of the Bible.
One could read the Summa, but unless you know how it lacks, it would be pointless. The Divine Law, its requirements, the right approach meet those requirements, all this require a proper understanding of the problem, an area that Hellenistic philosophy fails in.
The Scholastics utilised reasoned, logical thought in their methodology, arguably the basis for modern biblical hermeneutics, the same used by Luther, Calvin and Jonathan Edwards.
Yes, read the Summa to see how the arguments are made, but be aware of the Greek Anti-material Dualistic basis of those arguments.


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Buenos Aires is a world class city located on the Rio de la Plata. The Universidad del Salvador is a private university founded in 1946; it has grown to become the largest private university in the city and one of the most important universities in South America.
This exchange program offers:


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WinCo in Ventura opens its doors
Grocer union concerned about employee-owned store's way of doing business
By Shane Cohn 05/09/2013
Controversy or not, a new supermarket will be opening in Ventura this week, which some feel may eventually be a burden on the community.
WinCo Foods, an employee-owned discount food chain, opens its doors on Thursday, May 9, at 9 a.m. at the old Mervyn's location at 4750 Telephone Road. The opening of the 78,500-square-foot location will boost local employment numbers, as nearly 200 people are expected, eventually, to work at this location.
But United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) Local 770 hasn't been too thrilled about the company using nonunion employees.
"They don't pay a wage to raise a family on," said Mike Shimpock, spokesman for UFCW Local 770. "It becomes a burden on local taxpayers because employees are forced to look elsewhere for adequate healthcare, and find other resources."
Michael Read, WinCo's vice president for public and legal affairs, said this is a typical reaction from union groups.
"Like many things the unions say, it's hyperbole and simply not true," Read said. "What we do, typically, is look at union contracts that prevail in the area and match them exactly or beat them."
Read, located in WinCo's Boise, Idaho, headquarters, wasn't sure about the Ventura location's average wage. The union, representing employees from supermarkets like Vons, Albertsons and others, pays an average wage of $13/hour, according to Shimpock.
"Union markets can guarantee we have workers that can take care of themselves and their family and the money goes back to the community," said Shimpock.
The employee-owned design of WinCo is handled through an employee stock ownership trust that creates a pension plan. After a WinCo employee logs 1,000 hours in a year, he or she begins vesting in the plan and becomes fully vested in five years. The company annually contributes 20 percent of an employee's total W-2 compensation.
Read said that there are currently 509 employees working frontline or management positions throughout the company's 87 multistate locations that have seven-figure sums in their retirement funds.
Shimpock argued that the retirement funds are rarely spent locally, and WinCo employees are being used to maximize the company's profits and benefit shareholders elsewhere.
Read, again, disagreed. "We're paying essentially the same scale as the union. If they want to characterize that as below minimum wage that threatens the community they'd have to say the same thing about their own company."
In the meantime, Read said that the company is eager to make itself known in the Ventura community.
"I think this will be a great site for us," he said. "We've done a lot of economic research, and as a result of that, we're confident the store will do well."
The supermarket, known for its low prices, will have roughly 200 employees, of which 180 are newly hired from the area. It will be open 24 hours a day.
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Let's ask a few vested WORKERS (anonymously). I think co-ops are the "unions" of the future. REI is another local example of this business model. I am willing to give it a try. It sounds better than a Walmart superstore.
At least the employee/owners of WinCO were super friendly and glad to see us there.. so unlike the unfriendly and most of the time disinterested union workers at Vons, Albertsons and the like.
How about doing some investigative journalism and show how much difference in salaries and wages really exist instead of taking the words of the union slugs like Shimpock ?
I still would rather shop at a store that is glad I am there like Trader Joes or WinCo hands-down.
I belong to a Credit Union (VCCU), and like the concept where the workers are shareholders. You can see it in the way they treat you.
Unions are jsut upset they won't be getting the dues... I like unions, but come on! This makes sense. Employee-owned is the way to go.
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7 Reasons Computer Glitches Won't Go Away (Ever)
People have been complaining about computer glitches since the punch card days. Honestly, it's 2010. Why don't we have simple stuff like drivers and software compatibility fixed yet? Can we blame it all on Bill Gates?
Well, the bad news is that there are really good reasons your PC doesn't work quite right, even now. The worse news is that it's probably never going to get better.
You can blame ...
#7. PC Parts That Are Manufactured by God Knows Who
Have you ever wondered why the newest computers still start up with a screenful of text and a "Speak-and-Spell"-esque beep? While pretty much every component has been replaced with new standards at least once since, the core of modern computer design is still based on the design of the 1981 IBM PC.
An elegant computer, for a more civilized age.
The reason the IBM PC design was so popular was the same reason the actual IBM PC wasn't -- IBM took a page from Eli Whitney's book and allowed each part of the computer to be interchanged with a part made by a competitor, meaning that you could (and today, almost definitely do) have an entire PC made from non-IBM parts.
So, say that one day the Taiwanese company that made your sound card finally goes bankrupt or is captured by China. If you want to use it with the next version of Windows, you're shit out of luck, as anybody with a sound card more than a year old was when Creative refused to write less-crappy drivers for Windows Vista until Microsoft did it themselves.
Vista was to Windows what The Phantom Menace was to Star Wars.
If you're using Windows 7, you probably see the "blue screen of death" less often than you used to -- it's a lot better about not letting badly written programs crash your system. But when you do see it, you can bet it's due to drivers written by the aforementioned hardware designers, who may not speak English, which, unfortunately for them (and by extension, us), is the language all the books on how to program drivers are written in.
#6. Software That's Written by God Knows Who
Every version of Windows attracts complaints about old programs not working with the new version. People assume this is because Microsoft is stupid and lazy and didn't bother to accommodate the perfectly reasonable design of older programs.
Steve Ballmer, CEO of Microsoft.
Microsoft deserves a break on this one. The insane work Microsoft does to keep backward compatibility is like one of those games where shit just falls from the sky endlessly, and as you keep catching it, it just falls faster and faster until you miss one, and then the game calls you a loser.
It all seems so very pointless.
There's a lot of responsibility involved in programming, such as making sure the program lets go of resources it's done using, and not making assumptions that, if they turn out to be wrong, will make the user's computer shit its pants. Some programmers take this as a dare.
For instance, the original SimCity was really sloppy about how it used memory (i.e., it told DOS it was finished using a bunch of memory and then immediately start using it anyway). This was fine as long as the system wasn't using much of its memory anyway (and DOS didn't). But then Windows came along and started needing this memory that SimCity was tying up. So the game crashed.
Games didn't tend to outsell Hollywood blockbusters back then.
Microsoft fixed this by writing code so Windows would detect if SimCity were running and do special tricks to make it work. Then Microsoft did that for the next piece of software that fucked up. Then the next. Here is the current list of "we found this program doing stupid shit and have to work around it" applications Windows currently has to look for. There are 6,520 of them.
If you got a funny image in your head of a Microsoft employee running down some store's software aisle with his arms out, knocking every stupid product they hit into his shopping cart so he could look at them ahead of time rather than wait for complaints to roll in, good, that's because that's exactly what he did. If you're Microsoft, you can't just let their software crash the user's PC (the user will blame you), and you can't just wait for the software manufacturer to fix it (hell, it may not even be in business anymore).
Their only other choice is to ban all software that Microsoft hasn't given explicit permission for ahead of time -- but that's what has people furious at Apple. This is why you hear people talking about "jailbreaking" their iPhones -- they're trying to circumvent that system.
Get busy living, or get busy downloading third party apps.
It's a no-win situation.
#5. People Still Using the Ancient Software
Not that we're letting Microsoft off the hook here. They screw up, too, and what's worse is that they get locked into their screwups.
While we hate to go back to the same well twice ...
If something in Windows is broken, people writing programs for Windows have to work around the broken thing, like a tailor making a pair of pants for a man with only one leg. But that program, like the pants, now only works with the broken system. If Microsoft then updates Windows to fix the previous screwup, that software no longer works, same as if our one-legged man got a donor second leg and then tried to wear his old pants. They either have to leave Windows broken, or break the software.
And then you have to account for the human factor -- people who just got used to the glitch. For example, we have this fucker:
The most hated pixelated character since the Duck Hunt dog.
The little irritating animated paperclip who'd show up every time you touched your mouse in Microsoft Office. Or maybe you used the dog:
Make no mistake: Microsoft knew it had a failure on its hands right out of the gate on this one. When it released Office XP, which came with Clippy disabled, it created an "eX-Paperclip" series of (tragically no longer online) Flash cartoons to promote it with Clippy's voice provided by none other than god of annoyance Gilbert Gottfried.
Nevertheless, it took three versions of Office to get rid of this little bastard. Why? Because every feature, no matter how terrible, will have users relying on it. When one company rolled out the 2003 version of Office, the corporate help desk almost instantly received a call from a distraught user over the loss of the dog on her computer.
Likewise, thousands of you reading this are doing it with Internet Explorer 6. As recently as a few months ago, 10 percent or so of the Internet was using it, only because it's the version of browser that originally came with Windows XP.
In 2001.
Some of you may have noticed that the Web has changed a bit since 2001 (people were just barely starting to use Google back then). And when the Web changes, the technology you use to make the Web has to change with it. But because so many users are still using a browser that's a decade behind, they can't advance too far forward.
We're betting it took folks a long time to advance from "sharpened rock" to "sharpened rock on stick."
#4. Political Bullshit
As you sell your PC or software in more and more territories, it means you have to deal with more and more governments and somehow try to anticipate what they're going to be sensitive to. For instance, India nearly banned Microsoft from selling Windows 95 there because of 12 pixels on a map.
To help users figure out which part of the world their computer lived in, Microsoft included a 180-pixel-high map of the world that would highlight the region you had selected. The thing is, there's a small stretch of land you may have heard of -- if you've ever looked at a news source -- that India and Pakistan are constantly warring over, and each country claims it as part of their own time zone. When Microsoft made the images for the map, it included that area in Pakistan's time zone, at which point India threatened to ban Microsoft from the country, a move that would have really screwed Microsoft 10 years down the line when it outsourced all its tech support.
Outsourcing. Because Americans are lazy.
This sort of scuffle is the reason you'll find the ambiguous phrase "Country/Region" all over everything in Windows today. Using the term "country" would mean explicitly recognizing Taiwan as a separate country from China, which the famously permissive and open-minded Chinese government expressly forbids by law.
Oh China, you and your wacky high jinks.
Also, you may recall a certain antitrust scuffle Microsoft got into around the turn of the millennium. The results of that ruling have been a bit of a mixed bag: Microsoft can't include its free anti-virus software with Windows, because that would stop Norton and McAfee from making users pay $100 a year for their own anti-virus programs that declare critical system files to be viruses and stop the entire computer from running in response.
Kind of like how chugging cyanide probably prevents gout.
And if that weren't bad enough...


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I saw the word "knife-in-her-teeth daughter" in Maureen Dawd's article, titled "Darth Vader Vents" in New York Times (August 27). The article deals with former Vice president Dick Cheney's new memoir, "In My Time," and Maureen introduces the book;
"His knife-in-her-teeth daughter, Elizabeth Cheney, helped write the book. The second most famous Liz & Dick combo do such an excellent job of cherry-picking the facts, it makes the cherry-picking on the Iraq war intelligence seem picayune."
As I was unfamiliar with the phrase, "knife-in-one's teeth," I checked the definition of it on Cambridge and Merriam-Webster online dictionaries, without finding entry of the phrase on neither of them (though there was a difinition of 'kick in the teeth').
Although I can guess it means "bellicose" or "defiant," from the nuance of the word, I wonder if "knife-in-one's teeth" is popular English phrase or not. I also have a feeling that it's better applied to woman than man, because man is considered to be bellicose creature from the beginning.


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Associate Professor of English
Chair of English Department
Massachusetts Hall - 202
Current teaching schedule available on the public course finder.
Aaron Kitch earned a B.A. in English and Philosophy from Yale before taking an M.A. in English literature at the University of Colorado, Boulder. He earned a Ph.D. at the University of Chicago, where he wrote his dissertation on Renaissance drama under the direction of David Bevington, Carla Mazzio, and Richard Strier.
He has been at Bowdoin since 2002, teaching courses in Renaissance literature, the history of the book, the idea of utopia, literature and metamorphosis, and race in early modern English literature and culture. He organizes the Medieval and Renaissance Faculty Seminar at Bowdoin and has recently received a grant from the Mellon Foundation to extend the interdisciplinary research seminar to Colby and Bates.
Professor Kitch has published essays on Renaissance literature, economics, and culture in journals such as Renaissance Drama, Studies in English Literature, and Religion and Literature. He has recently completed a manuscript entitled Poetry and Political Economy in Early Modern England.
Alchemical Sexualities in Early Modern England (in progress)
Political Economy and the States of Literature in Early Modern England (London: Ashgate Publishing Group, 2009
"Hamlet's Disenchanted Materialism," in Enchantments and Dis-Enchantments in Early Modern England, ed. Nick Davis and Nandini Das (Routledge, forthcoming)
"The "Ingendered" Stone: The Ripley Scrolls and the Generative Science of Alchemy," Huntington Library Quarterly 78:1(2015): 87-125 (Access article in PDF)
"The City's Money: Made, Lost, Stolen, Lent, Invested," in Thomas Middleton in Context, ed. Suzanne Gossett (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011)
"Shylock's Sacred Nation," Shakespeare Quarterly 59 (2008): 131-55. (Access article in PDF)
"Medwall's 'Condycion': Fulgens and Lucrece and the New Tudor Drama," Cahiers Elisabethains 68 (2005):1-8
"Printing Bastards: Monstrous Birth Broadsides in Early Modern England," in Parenting and Printing in Early Modern England, ed. Douglas Brooks, Women and Gender in the Early Modern World series (London: Ashgate, 2005), 221-36.
"Bastards and Broadsides in The Winter's Tale," Renaissance Drama 30 (2001): 43-71. (Access article in PDF)
"The Character of Credit and the Problem of Belief in Middleton's City Comedies," SEL - Studies in English Literature 1500-1900 47:2 (Spring 2007): 403-426. (Access article in PDF)
"Golden Muse: Protestantism, Mercantilism, and the Uses of Ovid in Marlowe's Hero and Leander," Religion and Literature 38:3 (Autumn 2006): 157-176. (Access article in PDF)
Julia Reinhard Lupton, Citizen-Saints: Shakespeare and Political Theology (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), for Upstart Crow, vol. 29 (2010)
The Martin Marprelate Tracts: A Modern and Annotated Edition, ed. Joseph L. Black (Cambridge University Press, 2008), for Renaissance Quarterly 62 (Summer, 2009): 584-5
Valerie Forman, Tragicomic Redemptions: Global Economies and the Early Modern English Stage (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008), for Shakespeare Quarterly 61 (2010): 607-9.
Blair Hoxby, Mammon's Music: Literature and Economics in the Age of Milton (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002), for the Journal of Early Modern History (2007)
Julie Crawford, Marvelous Protestantism: Monstrous Births in Post-Reformation England (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005), for Shakespeare Yearbook (2007).
Christopher Kendrick, Utopia, Carnival, and Commonwealth in Renaissance England (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004), for English Studies in Canada (2006)
Invited Respondent, "Service Relations in Early Modern England," Shakespeare Association of America, Boston, MA (April 7 – 12, 2012)
"Atomic Love: Marlowe and the Erotics of Epicurean Materialism," Shakespeare Association of America, Seattle, WA (April 7 – 10, 2011)
"Eco-Calvin," "Nature and Human Nature in Early Modern England" panel at the Group for Early Modern Cultural Studies, Dallas, TX (October 22 – 25, 2009)
Chair, "Sidney's Elizabeth, Montgomerie's Rosnard, and the Heart of Middleton," Renaissance Society of America, Los Angeles, CA (March 19 – 21, 2009)
Organizer (with Blair Hoxby) of "Religion and Economics in Early Modern England" seminar, Shakespeare Association of America, Dallas, TX (March 13-15, 2008)
"Mimetic Rivalry: Jonson's Late Masques and the Civic Pageants of Munday, Middleton, and Dekker," MLA, Chicago, IL (December 28, 2007)
"Aesthetics and Renaissance Historicisms: Afterimages of Empirical Life" Renaissance Society of America (March 22-24, 2007)
"The Religious Politics of Female Sexuality in the English Epyllion, 1588-1603" Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies (February 15-17, 2007)
"Shylock's 'Sacred Nation': Citizenship, Sovereignty, and Merciful Capitalism in The Merchant of Venice"
Shakespeare Association of America, Bermuda (March 17 - 19, 2005)
"Believing in Middleton: The Credit Economy of the City Comedies"
Group for Early Modern Cultural Studies, Orlando, FL (November 17 - 21, 2004)
"Henry Medwall and the New 'Condycion' of Tudor Drama"
Shakespeare Association of America, New Orleans (April 7 - 11, 2004)
"Gutenberg Galaxy Revisited: Print, Drama, and the English Reformation"
Faculty Workshop, Bowdoin College (November, 2003)
"Paper Stages: John Rastell's Adaptation of Fernando de Rojas's Celestina for the English Stage," Society for the History of Authorship, Reading, and Publishing
(SHARP) panel, Renaissance Society of America, Toronto, (March 27 - 29, 2003)
"The Stationers' Company and the Regulation of the Broadside Ballad, 1557-1585"
Midwest Modern Language Association, Cleveland, OH (November 1 - 3, 2001)
"The News at Court: Jonson's Late Masques"
Center for Renaissance Studies, Newberry Library, Chicago (June 7 - 9, 2001)
"'The Well-Spoken Nobody': The Printed Broadside and Early Modern Literacy"
Modern Language Association, Washington, D.C. (2000)
"Timely Matter: The Sixteenth-Century Broadside Ballad"
Group for Early Modern Cultural Studies, New Orleans, LA (November 17, 2000)


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JLT Warranty
JLT performance inc, will repair or replace any part of their product found upon our inspection to be defective in workmanship or material within 1 year from the purchase date for the original purchaser. Air filters will not be accepted for return unless they are still in sealed plastic bag.
Ford Mustang - 2011 (11) - 2012 (12) - 2013 (13) - 2014 (14)


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Secondary and Special Education
Click for Our e-newsletter: The Xaminer
The Department of Secondary and Special Education offers degree programs approved by the Ohio Board of Regents and licensure programs approved by the Ohio Department of Education. All programs are accredited by TEAC, the Teacher Education Accreditation Council. The Department is one of Xavier's largest - serving over 400 students in undergraduate and graduate degree programs.
At the undergraduate level, Secondary Education Programs offer a professional education minor that leads to a teaching license. Students also complete a licensure content area major and are awarded either a Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Arts degree. Graduate students can apply for the X-ALT program which leads to initial licensure for career changing professionals. In Special Education, the department awards a Bachelor of Science degree with a concentration in a special education licensure area.
At the graduate level, the Department offers a 30 credit hour Master of Education degree in either Secondary Education or in Special Education. Licensure concentrations will require additional course work and can be planned as part of the degree program.
Please call 513-745-3485 to schedule an appointment to discuss your career goals.
Undergraduate Admission
Graduate Admission
Xavier Advantage
Accredited by TEAC


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We have a website that has two URLs (one for the US side and another for the Canadian side which is then broken into Canadian English and Canadian French). For the purposes of my question, I will write as:
- www.us_url.com (US)
- www.canada_url.ca/ca_en/ (Canadian English)
- www.canada_url.ca/ca_fr/ (Canadian French)
To make sure people are on the correct site, what do I do if they go to the US URL with Canadian English content (e.g. www.us_url.com/ca_en/canada.asp) but I want to make sure the URL is the Canadian one (e.g. www.canada_url.ca/ca_en/canada.asp) so it shows up properly in Google Analytics.
We're using IIS 7 and classic ASP.