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Barneys New York
Crisscross-Strap Sandals
Product Actions
Exclusively Ours!
Barneys New York black shiny lizard-print suede crissscross-strap sandals.
- 5" (125mm) heel; 13mm platform (approximately)
- Open toe, toe band, crisscross straps at instep, printed leather-covered stiletto heel, self-covered buckle
- Buckles at ankle
- Smooth leather lining
- Leather sole
- Available in Black
- Made in Italy
Style # 502530064
The Barneys New York collection includes thoughtful, indispensable pieces highly regarded for their superior construction and timeless design. These men's and women's clothing, shoes, and accessories are enviable, seasonless wardrobe staples.
Need Help? Have Questions? Contact Us.
Please call 1.888.222.7639 to speak with a Customer Service Representative.
We're here to help you:
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Free Shipping & Returns on all U.S. Orders. See Details.


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expert advice MORE
Sibling Rivalry
Q: My 7-year-old daughter is disappointed that she has a brother, three and a half years old, instead of a sister. My son is a very active, bright, and loving child. I see a conflict in her for she loves him but hates him at the same time. My husband and I have done as much as we could to show her how we love her by action and words. We spend a great deal of time with her every day. But nothing is enough. Both my husband and I have OCD. My daughter is very much like us in her behavior (incessant). She whines a lot, which makes all of us feel very irritable. Any suggestions on how to convince her that she is important and loved?
A: I would suggest not continuing the same "dance" with your daughter. She is learning that she can and does get a lot of attention by being demanding, whining and never getting enough. Since she will naturally not change her role in the "dance" (why should she when she has so much power?), you have to change yours.
OCD notwithstanding, you must be satisfied that an appropriate (not excessive) amount of daily pleasant interaction with your daughter is fine. Interaction with her peers, friends and other adults should round out her social development.
I would respond to her whining by saying something like," When you want to talk about this and not whine, I'll be in the other room." Then leave her presence. Hold your ground and don't let her get you frazzled; that's one of the goals of this negative behavior. That and perhaps drawing your attention away from her less demanding brother.
Take a look at Faber and Mazlish's book, Siblings Without Rivalry. They give many examples of how to empathize with your daughter's conflicted feelings towards her brother while letting her know how special she is.
More on: Expert Advice
Carleton Kendrick has been in private practice as a family therapist and has worked as a consultant for more than 20 years. He has conducted parenting seminars on topics ranging from how to discipline toddlers to how to stay connected with teenagers. Kendrick has appeared as an expert on national broadcast media such as CBS, Fox Television Network, Cable News Network, CNBC, PBS, and National Public Radio. In addition, he's been quoted in the New York Times, Washington Post, Chicago Tribune, Boston Globe, USA Today, Reader's Digest, BusinessWeek, Good Housekeeping, Woman's Day, and many other publications.

subset: commoncrawl


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Gofobo is offering two tickets to an advance screening of the movie The Host on March 21st for Free. You must RSVP at the location of your choice (15 cities available). A free Gofobo account is required to RSVP for yourself and one guest. The movie is described as a romantic science-fiction thriller starring Saoirse Ronan and based on a Stephenie Meyer book; opens March 29th. Here's a trailer.
Deal has expired


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8 "Healthy" Snacks That Are More Fattening Than a Twinkie
Are these 8 fattening foods in your fridge? See the snacks that are sabotaging your diet now
"When manufacturers remove the fat from their foods, they need to put something else in to pump up the flavor -- and that something is often sugar," says Ansel. "Many brands have up to a teaspoon of sugar in a 2 tablespoon serving." Skippy's 25 percent less fat option has 4 g of sugar in 2 tablespoons -- that's double the amount of the original, "fattening" variety. So, while we admit this is less than the amount of sugar in a Twinkie, it's still astounding.
Eat this instead: Rather than reduced fat peanut butter, try almond butter. While it has a comparable amount of calories, they're substantiated with extra doses of iron, magnesium, calcium, fiber, and vitamin E. Almond butter also has about half of the saturated fats than peanut butter.
SEE NEXT PAGE: 7 Snacks That Taste Fatty but Keep You Skinny
Older comments
Some of these came as a real shock to me--thanks!
by GigiSD Thursday, April 25, 2013 at 01:23PM Report as inappropriate
Wow. Some of this information was surprising. Some of these foods though I can't give up. Yogurt and Special K are delicious!
by NillaButterfly Saturday, March 16, 2013 at 02:19PM Report as inappropriate
This was very interesting... too bad about the smoothies and pasta sauce!!
by jennifer_erb Friday, March 15, 2013 at 03:20PM Report as inappropriate
Oh wow good to know
by LittleBunny Sunday, January 13, 2013 at 05:41PM Report as inappropriate
Good info, but people should just check the nutrition information and then this wouldn't be such a surprise:)
by amber.flute Sunday, January 13, 2013 at 04:19PM Report as inappropriate
Love yogurt, can't give that up. That's my nightly snack!
by EricaF123 Thursday, January 10, 2013 at 02:47PM Report as inappropriate
Sad about the spaghetti sauce, but that's not exactly a "snack" though.
by Chris213 Friday, November 9, 2012 at 06:27AM Report as inappropriate
Oh no i love jamba juice.
by andyv1217 Wednesday, September 19, 2012 at 09:50PM Report as inappropriate
I had no idea Jamba Juice had so much sugar! I mean, I knew it couldn't actually be good for me, but I thought it was at least a little good.
by schien Wednesday, September 12, 2012 at 03:55PM Report as inappropriate
Great Inf very informative...
by Monica34 Tuesday, September 11, 2012 at 04:25PM Report as inappropriate
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The Glasgow City Commission passed the first reading of the city's new budget Monday night, a budget which includes funding for a new city-managed mosquito-spraying campaign.
"Hopefully we'll get good results and get the mosquito problem knocked out," said Jack Chadwell, Glasgow Public Works Dept. Superintendent. Chadwell's department will run the $10,000 program which includes a truck specifically outfitted with a sprayer and chemical tank.
The State of Kentucky is responsible for spraying every county at least three times a year, but Glasgow's mayor says he wants a city-sponsored program to ensure that trouble spots like standing water pools can be eliminated before they can become problem areas.
Barren County saw nine confirmed cases of West Nile virus last year, making it one of the hardest hit counties in South Central Kentucky. With this new program, the City Commission hopes they won't see history repeat itself.
wbko.com Extended Web Coverage
West Nile virus Facts
How is the West Nile virus Spread?
Symptoms of the Virus
Protecting Yourself
Source: www.vdh.state.va.us contributed to this report


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Pheasant Facts
he Ring-Necked Pheasant, originally imported to America from Asia, is one of only a handful of game species to flourish on the American continent. Of the forty pheasant species introduced, the Ring-Necked Pheasant is the most popular and best known, especially the male, likely because of its highly ornate and brightly colored plumage.
Wild Pheasant and Farm-raised Pheasant
Ring-necked pheasants are commonly found in Europe and the United States. Their meat has a distinctive taste and better texture than commercially raised Milan white pheasants. Ring-necked pheasants are harder and more expensive to raise, but they are the preferred breed at D'Artagnan, for their superior flavor. Our small farms raise the pheasants in free-flight, outdoor conditions, in netted fields, and feed them a whole grain diet.
During hunting season (October to February), Wild Scottish Pheasant is available. The meat is much more flavorful than that of any farm-raised pheasants, regardless of breed. The wild pheasant meat is darker in color than its farmed counterparts, and is fragrant with the heather and other wild plants that the birds eat in the moors. These wild game birds are hunted in preserves during the season, and may contain shot. Though hunted game is not normally legal to sell in the United States, the antemortem inspection done at the preserves in Scotland is considered acceptable to our own food inspectors.
A female wild Scottish pheasant, weighing about 1 pound, serves one person and is superb for a quick, roast. Of the two sexes, they are the more tender. A male 2-pounder should be cut up, cooked more slowly, and divided between two people. They have larger breasts, but their legs are virtually useless for eating, because the strong tendons make them tough. The legs, however, do make great sauces.
From the end of September to mid-April, D'Artagnan offers farm-raised, free-range male pheasants that average 3 to 3½ pounds. Like the wild Scottish male pheasant's, their legs have many tendons and can be tough, needing longer, slower cooking. Therefore, the breast is often removed and cooked separately. When preparing the legs, make a cut at the joint between drumstick and thigh, so the tendons don't pull the meat up as they cook.
Farm raised hens of about 2 ½ to 3 pounds are also available seasonally. As with wild birds, the domesticated hens are more tender than the cocks; they're also slightly plumper. Serve a half bird per person.
The Debate on Faisander
To faisander, or not to faisander, (meaning "to hang"), is the question. A lesser-known controversy if ever there was one, but no less hotly debated for its obscurity. Once you make that choice to hang, there follows another question: For how long? Influential food writers and gastronomes have long debated the subject. In 18th century France, Grimod de la Reynière advocated that a bird shot on Ash Wednesday should hang until Easter before cooking. Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin more judiciously suggested pheasants were best just as decomposition began and the aroma of the bird's oil smelled slightly fermented.
Wait, hanging birds? Decomposition? Shouldn't meat be eaten in as fresh a state as possible? In European hunting tradition game birds, especially pheasants, were hung whole, in cool temperatures for a few days before being plucked and sent to the kitchen. This process ages the meat, mellows it, and many maintain it's the only way to eat wild game.
But this preference for hanging birds didn't cross the Atlantic. In Eliza Leslie's Directions for Cookery in Its Various Branches (1848 ed.), the American food writer observed that "it is not the custom in America, as in some parts of Europe, to keep game till it begins to taint; all food when inclining to decomposition being regarded with disgust." Today the custom is dying out even in Parisian haute cuisine restaurants. Though a ripple of interest has passed through a new breed of American hunters, lead by food writer/hunter like Hank Shaw, in recent years.
Pheasant meat has a reputation for being tough or dry. The ways to avoid this are to bard the breast with unsmoked bacon, ventrèche, or pancetta before cooking, or to slip some duck fat between the breast meat and the skin. Cook the bird slowly in moist heat, or quickly sauté the breasts. Don't overcook; the meat should still be slightly pink. Another suggestion: roast pheasant with the breast down, or on its side, so the juices keep the breast from drying out. Game birds are very lean and cannot stand overcooking.


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The Stages of Labor
In This Article:
Stage three
Stage Three Labor
What? There's more? After the birth of your baby, contractions will continue, at intervals of about one minute, to help deliver the placenta. The contractions help separate the placenta from the uterine wall and move it down into the vagina so you can then push it out. Your doctor might help by pressing and kneading the uterus and gently pulling on the umbilical cord.
After the placenta is delivered, your doctor or midwife will stitch up your episiotomy (if you had one) and any tears (if necessary).
Now, you're finished. The labor and delivery that you looked forward to for so long is over and you are now officially a mother. At this time the nurses will sponge-bathe the lower part of your body, give you a clean gown, and help you put on a sanitary napkin to absorb the blood you will pass. You might also put an ice pack on the perineum (crotch area) to ease the discomfort of the stretched tissues.
During this third stage of labor, your newborn baby is probably lying on your stomach (or nursing, perhaps) while you and your partner admire, praise, and gush over this new miracle of life. If you are planning to breast-feed your baby, you might start nursing right away. (This early breast milk is not high in calories, but is high in antibodies that protect the baby from infection.) If you talk softly to your baby he might turn and look for the face that goes with the voice he has listened to for the last nine months.
excerpted from:
Excerpted from The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pregnancy and Childbirth © 2004 by Michele Isaac Gliksman, M.D. and Theresa Foy DiGeronimo. All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Used by arrangement with Alpha Books, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
To order this book visit Amazon's website or call 1-800-253-6476.


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Play Slideshow >>
Is Your Tool A Knockoff?
Empire Level
This is the real thing, an Empire em81.9 True Blue (blue liquid in the vials) magnetic torpedo level.
This is a knockoff of the Empire em81.9 torpedo level. The infringer stopped short of puting blue liquid in the vials but everything else looks the same. That's not to say that they are the same; every company whose tools are copied will tell you the fakes are not as good as the originals.
This is the previous tool from the other side. The screws on the back are a dead give-away that this is a fake. It doesn't matter that the infringer did not print Empire on this level; Empire owns the rights to this look and it's illegal to copy it.
Tool manufacturers are fighting to stem the tide of counterfeits entering the U.S. market.
According to Jenni Becker, the President of Empire Level, some overseas manufacturers play by a different set of rules, ones that do not include honoring intellectual property (IP) rights. Outside of the U.S., where there is less chance of prosecution, infringers are selling fakes that include the brand label. For sales in this country they are more likely to copy everything except the label and hope patent holders don't notice. The appearance or "trade dress" of a tool can be patented so that's what's being ripped off – and the customer too if he's fooled into thinking the tool is something it's not.
This is a problem for manufacturers and tool buyers around the world; in March of this year a law enforcement raid in the United Arab Emirates uncovered 150,000 fake Stanley, DeWalt, and Black & Decker tools. The haul included hand tools and 1,000 drills. Empire has been chasing down companies that copy its torpedo levels. According to Becker, if the packaging says "Made in China", the torpedo level is not from Empire (which makes 100% of its torpedo levels and 90% of its other products in a plant in Wisconsin). That's not to say every torpedo level that looks like one of Empire's is fake. The company has produced torpedo levels under the Craftsman label since 1929 – which is fine because Empire holds the patents.
Click the photo on the left to see examples of real and fake levels. For more on the problem of knockoff tools, see this excellent article by John Caulfield at Builder Online.
In Florida last week a federal judge ruled against the manufacturer of Ryobi table saws...
David Frane
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Ekso Bionics is building an exoskeleton that helps construction workers carry and use...
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Check out Tool Videos from our Editors and Contributors
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2016 Hanley Wood Media, Inc. All rights reserved.


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The Evolution of Theatre? Skype Personal Performances from PopUp Theatrics
Picture this: 30 artists and actors, spanning across 5 continents. An intimate theater experience, customized personally for you (not the audience, YOU specifically). A pitch this crazy would've had the most experienced Broadway producer tossed out on the street. But against all odds, the New York City-based independent theater artists of PopUp Theatrics found a way to make this happen. … Read more


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How many is too many?
With the recent release of Sport.Woot! there is a total of seven daily deal Woot! sites (not including Moofi) and two community deal sites. But how many Woot! sites is too many? Do you believe that we have already passed that mark?
18 Answers answer
Yes, I think there are several too many. If there is ever another woot-off, good luck to anyone who tries to keep up with all of them.
Definitely too many, especially now there's Woot! Plus, you have up to 24 different sites and sub-sites to look at. Granted, not everybody is going to look at everything every day, but it's still a lot to look at.
I vote to ditch all the separate "Plus" sites and consolidate them into one.
The wider it's gotten, the less and less Woot is that "one day, one deal" site and the more "it's just another e-commerce site".
Of course the answer is 42.
A = Current number of sites.
B = Months since last addition.
If B-6+A is < A = too many sites
If B-6+A is ≥ A = woot is awesome please do not change.
@caffeine_dude: Um.. so basically you're saying that as long as no new additions are made within 6 months of the last addition, it's okay?
The more the merrier.
Woot's growth is definitive proof of the Amazon influence (ownership), and is turning into a mini-amazon.
I think more is better, to an extent. I don't often look beyond the main page, deals, and shirt. The more categories the more often a deal came come up that we'd be interested in. It also gives the main page a chance to expand, if you will. Take sports.woot, for example. Now sports deals will show up there instead of the main page, giving another item a chance. Which would be good for us non-sports folks.
That being said, I think we're near the limit. After a while it can definitely get to be too much, and the main woot will either fall into another category or just fall off into obscurity. I'd say we're good now, but I wouldn't necessarily object if Woot added yet another sub-site, so long as it's reasonably justifiable/ there's a demand for such a category of product
i wish it would be woot! sellout! deals! and Home!
wine and kids fit into home pretty well, and sports fits into sellout and woot rather well. I mean i know more sites means more money but its getting pretty ridiculous.
I don't think it's too many. This is the natural growth for Woot and certainly keeping up with time.
Zulily, for example, grew to taking well over 100,000 orders per day, just selling kids stuff in flash sale. They list 1,300 new items daily (no kidding). Great thing about Zulily is that it's highly targeted towards young mothers, so they already know what to list and what kind of products work for them.
For Woot, the audience is wide, and even though I can roughly see the demographics, it's still not very targeted. I believe that most people only look at some of the .woot sites and don't even look at others (only their site data will tell). But looking at what kind of flash sale sites have popped up, Sports.Woot is obvious (see TheClymb). Kids.Woot needs to compete with Zulily, Sports.Woot competes with TheClymb, Home.Woot competes with TheFoundary, OneKingsLane and Fab etc.
I think they are doing just fine. Woot is like the Dollar Store of Amazon. And Amazon is good.
I gave up and bookmarked http://www.wootalyzer.com/network , which shows me all the deal-a-day sites at once (Woot's and all the rest) with their prices. I don't have to run Wootalyzer to see everything and I don't have to deal with Woot's inefficient new interface unless I want to buy something. I do look at deals.woot so I can vote on the sponsored deals, but beyond that, meh.
I would tend to think we'll see a pets.woot sooner or later, but otherwise I think they've probably hit most of the major areas.
I don't get the people complaining about it being too much to look at - see the ribbon at the top of each page? Mouseover the categories. You see the main Woot and the title of the plusses. All set. Click somewhere if you're interested. I mean, if you want to read every word on every page, well, then you probably don't have anything else to do anyway, so whats the difference?
@ki4rxm: Crap did I mess that up?
Lets see:
A = Current number of sites.
B = Months since last addition.
If B-6+A is < A = too many sites
If B-6+A is ≥ A = woot is awesome please do not change.
5 sites
3 months.
3-6 is -3
-3+5 is -2
-2 is less then 5 sites so { too many sites}
5 sites
6 months
6-6 is 0
0+5 is 5
5 is equal to 5 so {woot is awesome please do not change.}
No I think that works out good.


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Airport facilities
There are desks dedicated to passengers with special needs (tel: (04) 216 2016) between rows A and B in the Departures hall. Electric carts are available to transport passengers to/from the new Sheikh Rashid Departures concourse, where disabled passengers can access special lounges near gates 9 and 22; a dedicated lounge for disabled travellers is also available in the Arrivals hall. Assistance is available for those with special needs; passengers should request special assistance from their airline prior to travel. Rooms for disabled passengers are available in the Dubai International Airport Hotel (see below).


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Though it can be difficult to believe at times, there is actually humor to be found in the law. And thanks to the internet and blogs, it is far easier to stay amused. One blog that does a particularly good job of combing laughter and law is Lowering the Bar.
Over the past seven years, since January 2005, blogger Kevin Underhill has offered legal humor based on things happening all around the world. A partner at Shook, Hardy & Bacon, L.L.P. in San Francisco, Underhill nevertheless finds time to post at least a few times a week.
While humor is always present, Underhill will often include some legal analysis as well (though he is careful to point out in his "Comical Yet Binding Disclaimer" that the site provides no legal advice).
One recent post that combined humor and some legal references was Security Cam Records Burglar's "Signature Dance Moves".
You can also see the YouTube video after the cut.
In this instance, the accused *wishes* he had moves like Jagger – so he wasn't so easy to identify.


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Top 10 Summer Jobs for Teens
2 of 11
Camp Counselor
If your teen is interested in gaining knowledge and experience in leadership, brainstorming, and team work, working as a camp counselor is a perfect choice. As a counselor, your teen will be a mentor to other young people, modeling good behavior and other positive qualities. She will probably also be exposed to a variety of people from different backgrounds. Camp counseling is a great opportunity for teens to gain self-esteem as well as leadership skills, which they will carry with them when summer ends.
Next: Life Guard


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Sponge Printing
- Sponge
- Chalk
- Water
- Paper
- Soak a sponge in water and squeeze to release the excess.
- Use a piece of chalk to draw on the wet sponge.
- Press the wet sponge onto a piece of white or colored construction paper to create a print.
- If you like, use chalk in various colors and a variety of sponges in different shapes and sizes.
More on: Activities for Toddlers
Copyright é 1999 by Patricia Kuffner. Excerpted from The Toddler's Busy Book with permission of its publisher, Meadowbrook Press.
To order this book visit Meadowbrook Press.


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I need exclusive access to a database. Is it possible using an SQL command to "detach" all other users from a postgres database. Or maybe closing all other connections and then gaining exclusive access.
This is for unit testing, and tests are only run manually, so there is no danger involved. Only old dead connections will be affected.
There are no other users connecting to these unittest databases.
The old dead connections come from developing. This happens all the time when a test that is being written or fails does not exit clean.
If someone also needs to keep locked out other users for a while after disconnecting them in a production scenario, see Scott Marlowe's answer below: http://dba.stackexchange.com/a/6184/2024
See also this similar question on dba: How to drop all connections to a specific database in postgres without stopping the server?


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I am so unbelievably sick of reading social media posts from poeple who are getting rid of their pets. The pets — mostly cats — are almost always a year or two old, have never been to a vet and are certainly never spayed or neutered. I am appalled at the way people treat animals.
They are not disposable. Dogs and cats can be at least a 15-year commitment, and if you don't have time to take care of a pet after the newness has worn off, please save them the stress of missing you when you throw them away like garbage. Pets deserve stable, loving homes with owners who can properly care for their needs both financially and emotionally. Giving away an animal online can be a death sentence for the pet that you once loved — and that loved you back.
Laura C. Monteiro
Fall River
Location, ST | website.com


text: Wave Bandeau Bikini Set Style: #Y2195WAV $49.50 $49.50 AQUAMARINE BLACK CORAL KISS Color Size View Size Chart View Size Chart Oout of Stock Add to Cart Add to Wishlist Details: Chevron stripes make a splash as a trendsetting pattern for 2-piece bandeau set. Both the top and bottom offer full coverage. Specs: Materials: 82% nylon/18% spandex


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In the final stage of your friend or loved one's terminal illness your anxiety may reach its peak and your anticipation of the unknown will prompt many questions. We attempt to answer these questions for you with the following information.
The physical, emotional, spiritual and mental signs and symptoms of impending death that follow are offered to help you understand the natural kinds of things which may happen. Not all of these signs and symptoms will occur with every person. They will not occur in this particular order. Each person is unique and needs to do things in his/her own way. This is not the time to try to impose change, but the time to give full acceptance, support and comfort.
The following signs and symptoms describe how the body prepares itself for the final stage of life:
Decrease In Appetite And Hydration: Dying persons may not want to eat or drink. Some refuse food and may take in little fluids. The nurse will instruct you on mouth care to keep their mouth from feeling too dry. Offer, but do not force food or fluids. Persons who are close to dying are comfortable without food or fluids.
Sleeping: As the body weakens, a dying person will sleep more and begin to withdraw from his or her surroundings. Let the person sleep. Hold his or her hand during this time. Touching will make him or her aware that you are there and that you care. At this point, being with the person is more important than doing for him or her.
Mental Changes: A dying person may speak of or claim to have spoken to persons who have already died. He/she may see places you don't see (for example their old home) or may express a desire to join those who have already died. Encourage him or her to join or talk with the person. Give him or her permission to go home. These experiences are not abnormal for the dying patient.
A dying person is beginning to detach from this life and is preparing for death. Do not make light of or contradict what the person reports to have heard or seen. Just because you cannot see or hear it does not mean that it is not real to the person. Affirm these experiences. They are normal and common. If the dying person is frightened, explain to him or her that these experiences are normal.
Decreased Urine Output: A dying person may produce urine less often and in smaller amounts. As a result the urine will become dark and concentrated. He or she may lose control of bladder and bowels. If this occurs use adult diapers. They will help protect the skin and prevent discomfort.
Restlessness: You may notice periods of restless, pulling at the bed linens or saying things that do not make sense. This is a time for sitting and quietly reassuring the patient that you are there. Listening to music, reading or praying may be comforting to the patient.
Circulatory Changes: Arms and legs may become swollen with slight purple discoloration and progressively cool to the touch. Raising the affected area may provide some relief if the swelling is painful. The person's complexion often appears gray or dusky.
Breathing Pattern Changes: A dying person's pattern of breathing usually changes. You may notice irregular breathing patterns or periods where the person does not breathe while sleeping (apnea) which can last 30-60 seconds. This symptom is very common and does not require any action on your part as caregiver.
Congestion: A dying person may develop gurgling sounds coming from the chest like a percolator. These sounds may be very loud and can be very upsetting for you to hear. They do not mean, however, that the person is uncomfortable. Suctioning is usually not effective and may be difficult for the person to tolerate. You may raise the head of the bed or prop them up in a sitting position. If you are concerned, discuss this with your nurse.
Saying Good-Bye: Although this may be difficult this is the time to say "good-bye" if you are able to. You may want to hold the person's hand and recount favorite memories, activities or places shared or you may want to pray. Tears are normal and a natural part of saying "good-bye."
At the Time of Death - DO NOT CALL 911.
Although you may be prepared for the death process, you may not be prepared for the actual death moment. The signs of death include:
Penn Wissahickon Hospice will call your physician. A hospice team member will be able to assist you. If desired, we will contact your funeral director, the hospice chaplain or clergy of your choice. During this time, you may want to spend some time alone with the deceased. Remember that Penn Wissahickon Hospice is available to you, especially in terms of pastoral and bereavement care. Your comfort is very important to us.
OncoLink is designed for educational purposes only and is not engaged in rendering medical advice or professional services. The information provided through OncoLink should not be used for diagnosing or treating a health problem or a disease. It is not a substitute for professional care. If you have or suspect you may have a health problem or have questions or concerns about the medication that you have been prescribed, you should consult your health care provider.
Information Provided By: www.oncolink.org | © 2016 Trustees of The University of Pennsylvania


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If I put a Nikkor 35mm f/2 FX lens on a DX camera, is it still 35mm f/2, or has the effective focal length or minimum aperture changed, because it is being used on a smaller format than what it was designed for?
Aperture is unaffected.
The field of view becomes 35mm x (the crop factor of your sensor), which is 1.5 in the case of Nikon DX cameras (It's also 1.5 for Pentax and Sony, 1.6 for Canon and 2 for Panasonic & Olympus).
So your 35mm Nikon lens has a 35mm x 1.5 = 52.5mm "35mm equivalent" field of view.
Note that the perspective doesn't change, just the amount of 'stuff' you can fit in the frame. The image will still look like a 35mm image as shot on a full-frame sensor, but with the sides cropped in to give you the field of view of a 52.5mm lens on a full-frame sensor.
(Most people round that to 50mm "35mm equivalent" field of view, regardless of 1.5 or 1.6 crop factor)
The post by Scott is a nice summary, but it contains a common misunderstanding - that the perspective doesn't change, which it does. The angle of view of the lens is multiplied with ca 1.5 (or 1.6 if you use Canon, or 1.3 if you use an expensive Canon), which also changes the perspective as much as if you'd used a 52.2 mm lens.
I used a Nikkor 35 mm f2 extensivly as a 'normal' lens, and it was really nice. Then I bought a Nikon 35 mm f1.8 and it was even better.


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I've tried searching for for my MySQL client and manager using Dash Home, and cannot find them. I've tried using
find on the command line, but don't know what the application names are respectively.
These two applications were migrated from 10.04, and both Ubuntu Software and Synaptic say they're installed.
How do I find them, so I can either put them into the status bar or create desktop icons?


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Changes in Endogenous Erythropoietin and the Pharmacokinetics of Darbepoetin Alfa in Patients with Non-myeloid Malignancies Receiving or Not Receiving Chemotherapy
Reviewer: Mary Kara Bucci, MD
The Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania
Last Modified: December 9, 2001
Presenter: A.C. Heatherington
Presenter's Affiliation:
Type of Session: Poster
Several studies have reported an increase in endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) after chemotherapy, however, there is no published data on the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in chemotherapy patients. Darbepoetin alfa has been shown to increase hemoglobin concentrations in cancer patients, however the effects of chemotherapy on the pharmacokinetics of darbepoetin alfa are not known. The PK properties of darbepoetin alfa and its relationship with chemotherapy as well as the effects of chemotherapy on EPO are addressed in this report of 4 independent clinical studies.
Materials and Methods
Author's Conclusions
Clinical/Scientific Implications
The data from these 4 studies provides valuable information about the effects of chemotherapy on both darbepoetin alfa as well as endogenous EPO. Further understanding of these effects will contribute to the optimal management of anemia in patients receiving chemotherapy.
Oncolink's ASH Coverage made possible by an unrestricted Educational Grant from Amgen.


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KILLEEN (December 19, 2012)--A Killeen man and woman were sentenced Wednesday after they both earlier pleaded guilty to counterfeiting $5 bills.
U.S. District Judge Walter S. Smith, Jr., sentenced Joshua Charles Whaley to serve 18 months in prison, to be followed by 3 years supervised release, assessed a $1,000 fine and a $100 special assessment to the court.
Misty Nicole Walls was ordered to serve 15 months in prison to be followed by 3 years on supervised release, to pay a $1,000 fine and $100 in special assessment to the court.
A federal court document presented at the plea hearing on October 28 says beginning on May 18 a Killeen police detective began an investigation into counterfeiting after the officer arrested an individual who was trying to buy methamphetamine with counterfeit bills.
The informant said he had been to a house in Killeen where a man told him he would teach him how to make counterfeit $5 bills.
The informant showed the detective the location of the house on a map and provided a description of the man who offered to teach him how to make counterfeit bills.
Law enforcement officers went by the home to verify the location and observed the vehicles that the informant had described would be there.
While there the officers retrieved some sheets of paper from trash bins in front of the home that had bills printed on them.
Some of the serial numbers on the bills taken from the trashcans matched serial numbers on the bills that had been used to try to buy the methamphetamine.
Officers obtained a search warrant for the address and during a search of the residence recovered a printer/scanner/copier with a genuine Federal Reserve Note taped on the glass and counterfeit currency that was cut to size.


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Sanchez, defense lead Jets past Bills, 48-28
By DENNIS WASZAK Jr. AP Sports Writer
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text: we have already raised $865 so far. A lot can happen in 3 days. If you haven't had a chance to get out the kickstarter please do. You can preorder our cd and really give us some help in funding the cd production. We are so blessed to have some many awesome friends, family and fans that are helping us make this dream a reality. This album is coming together quite nicely. Tonight we are back in the studio to hopefully finish up the mixing and get us one step closer to sending out our masters to the cd manufacturers. The closer we get the more its starting to feel like Christmas. The anticipation of being able to hold a physical representation of all of our efforts is killing us! Again, we are so thankful for all who have donated and anyone who will donate in the last days of the fundraiser. I mentioned on our facebook that the next person to make a $50 donation will the be the first and only person to get a sneak peak at the album art. its finish and ready for the presses. Also as soon as we hit $900 we'll be posting another song to the youtube channel. This way you can enjoy it before the album arrives.


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Philanthropy is helping and promoting the less fortunate.The word comes from the Ancient Greeks,as the word "philos", means loving and "anthropos" refers to humans. Philanthropy has been practiced throughout history by religious means and non religious means in most cultures. Philanthropy is not the same as charity as charitable help is mainly, to give ,however, philanthropy is much more as it enables the less fortunate to act or carry on with some challenge.
Today, philanthropy is done by many groups, such as religious and/or service groups. It is also done by many individuals,who seek to better society.This is done in a variety of ways, which could include an advisory board,input from the general public and research. The business community and the government are often both working side by side.Technology is a main part of philanthropy today. Many organizations have a main focus or mission to help the community or to help globally. There are some philanthropists who operate on their own conceptual idea,such as Warren Buffet. He is a philanthropist in our time,who has achieved his great wealth through investments primarily.He is considered to be one of the world's richest men with strong feelings on giving back to humanity. One of his quotes that shows his position on philanthropy is "If you're in the luckiest of humanity, you owe it to the rest of humanity to think about the others."
Buffet is best known in philanthropy for giving more than $30-billion to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and for supporting the philanthropic work of his three children. He gives quietly gives to many other groups and is recognized for his investment philosophy and for his personal frugal style of living. He clearly shows the joy of giving takes precedence over receiving.He is truly a philanthropic model for us all.
Philanthropy today, can include a variety of ways to help those in need. It helps to raise the bar on society. We all can help by giving as well in our own way. Jason Hope feel that SENSE Foundation can benefit from Entrepreneurs by helping donate and being involved with the research of that people at the SENSE foundation so that others can benefit as well. That's what philanthropy is about.


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- Jena Economic Resea...
- Volume 4
- Institutions, Cultu...
- author
- Published
- Wed Feb 24 2010
- Number of discussion paper
- keyword(s)
Entrepreneurial Spirit
Intellectual Property Rights
Open Source
Social Capital
- abstract
The paper analyzes the impact of institutional and cultural factors on a remarkable economic activity: the production of so-called open source software (OSS). OSS is marked by free access to the software and its source code. Copyright-based OSS licenses permit users to use, change, improve and redistribute the software, which is designed and developed in a public, collaborative manner. OSS seems to be an example of a 'private provision of a public good'. While the supply-side microeconomics of OSS (individual characteristics of OSS developers, role of firms etc.) are well explored, it is not known which institutional and cultural factors explain different OSS activities across countries. For this reason, we perform a cross-country study analyzing how the number of OSS developers per inhabitants and the level of OSS activity of a country depend on institutional and cultural factors. Our findings are that a culture characterized by individualism/self-determination, abundance of social capital interpreted as interpersonal trust, an optimistic view of scientific progress, a low degree of regulation as well as good protection of intellectual property rights is favoring OSS activities. Our study thus contributes to the understanding of the role of cultural and institutional factors in general as well as in particular with respect to OSS. Additionally, it improves the understanding of the supply-side of OSS.
- article pub. typess JER
- Research article
- article languages JER
- Englisch
- JEL-Classification for JER
- B52 - Institutional; Evolutionary ; L17 - Open Source Products and Markets ; L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software ; O34 - Intellectual Property Rights ; Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology ; Z19 - Other


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GoogledGnome #55
Yeah, right, like you have time for a twink now.
It's all about leveling to 80 now!
However, if "maybe next time twink" is a level 19 warlock, you can read my guides to get there.
Gnome and Out!
This was another post in the continuing exploration of how people reach Armaggedons Coming via Google. As usual, please feel free to comment or ignore


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United States Department of Agriculture
Agricultural Research Service
1a.Objectives (from AD-416):
To determine, in cooperation with scientists from Texas AgriLife Research, Kansas State University (KSU), Texas A&M University (TAMU), and West Texas A&M University (WTAMU), atmospheric ammonia and methane concentrations and emissions at commercial beef cattle feedyards and to determine the effects of environmental and management factors on these emissions.
1b.Approach (from AD-416):
Ammonia emissions will be measured at two commercial beef cattle feedyards in Texas using open path lasers and a backward Lagrangian Stochastic model. Methane emissions will be measured from the retention pond and pen areas of one commercial feedyard using the same methodologies. Nitrogen and carbon balance will be determined based on chemical composition of diets, fresh feces, aged manure, and animal weight gain. Effects of environmental factors, pond chemistry, pen surface chemistry, and management factors on emissions will be monitored. A respiration calorimetry system will be constructed to measure enteric and metabolic methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide flux from cattle. These data have value for development, improvement, and/or verification for statistical and process-based models of ammonia and methane emissions. Potential methods to decrease ammonia emission will be studied using lab-scale and small plot-scale studies. Ammonia emissions from pen surfaces treated with varying chemicals will be measured using flow through lab chambers or a static chamber on feedlot plots.
3.Progress Report:


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I have seen a number of recipes that call for a tin of chopped tomatoes and some quantity (usually a tablespoon or two) of tomato puree (USA: tomato paste). What is the reasoning behind using tomato puree as well? Does it give a different texture or flavour?
Tomato puree is concentrated tomato. So where it is called for in conjunction with other tomato products, be they fresh or tinned, it is an attempt to increase the tomato flavour/presence in the dish without increasing the bulk or water inherent in less concentrated products.
Additionally the flavour of puree, having gone through a reduction process is somewhat different, more intense and rich than straight tomatoes.
Indeed, canned tomatoes tend to be surrounded with juice that is more reduced than would occur naturally. Which is part of why they are used against fresh tomatoes.
Now knowing that you're referring to what is known in America as tomato paste and not actually crushed/puréed tomatoes, the reason is very simple: It's a thickener.
Tomato paste (or purée or concentrate in the UK) has been reduced to remove almost all of the water. When you introduce it into a sauce, it will soak up all of the excess water and make the end result far less watery.
It's not a "thickener" in the same sense as starch; there's no chemical reaction taking place. But when added to a sauce it will give you a creamier texture at the end.
Many homemade tomato sauces I've tried that other people have made are extremely watery and some people seem to prefer this (I know a few Italians who insist that it is more "authentic") and other people claim that using tomato paste is "cheating" somehow. I've never understood that; good cooking uses whatever ingredients are available to produce the highest-quality food. If you're not using crushed tomatoes as a base, then it's often wise to add some tomato paste so that you don't have a big pool of water collecting at the bottom of your pasta as you eat it.


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The Geriatric Health Assessment Clinic offers a team approach to the comprehensive evaluation and treatment of older adults. Team members include physicians, nurses, social workers and pharmacists who specialize in geriatric care and focus on health promotion and the prevention and treatment of disease and disability in later life.
Members of the assessment team meet with each patient and caregiver to discuss:
Some patients come to the clinic for a single consultation. Others may return for follow-up visits or continuing care. Patients receive:
For the first appointment, patients should bring:


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Skepticism in all the Wrong Places
It's funny to me how some conservatives, who are normally so prone to doubt the competence of human beings to meddle with complex systems, like the economy, are -- shall we say -- somewhat less skeptical about our ability to solve complicated environmental problems through technology.
With even the Bush administration finally admitting in the face of overwhelming scientific evidence that human beings are causing global climate change, mostly through CO2 emissions from the burning of fossil fuels, you would think the obvious policy repsonse would be to get on board with efforts to limit those emissions. Instead, the administration continues to oppose mandatory emissions reductions in favor of voluntary efforts. And, now, we have news (HT Talkingpointsmemo) that the administration is pushing the solution of literally dimming the sunlight reaching the earth in order to combat global warming without having to cut back on our oil-burning ways. According to the Sydney Morning Herald:
The US has also attempted to steer the UN report, prepared by theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), away from conclusionsthat would support a new worldwide climate treaty based on bindingtargets to reduce emissions. . . . The US response says the idea of interfering with sunlight should beincluded in the summary for policymakers, the prominent chapter at thefront of each panel report. It says: "Modifying solar radiance may bean important strategy if mitigation of emissions fails. Doing theR&D to estimate the consequences of applying such a strategy isimportant insurance that should be taken out. This is a very importantpossibility that should be considered." Scientists havepreviously estimated that reflecting less than 1 per cent of sunlightback into space could compensate for the warming generated by allgreenhouse gases emitted since the industrial revolution. Possibletechniques include putting a giant screen into orbit, thousands oftiny, shiny balloons, or microscopic sulfate droplets pumped into thehigh atmosphere to mimic the cooling effects of a volcanic eruption.The IPCC draft said such ideas were "speculative, uncosted and withpotential unknown side-effects".
Let me get this straight: we need to have faith in the hidden hand of the market because (per Hayek and others) human beings simply don't have the ability to gather and process the data necessary to manage the economy efficiently, but, when it comes to climate change, somehow we're supposed to believe that human beings will be able to manage the data that would permit us to "regulate" the sun? To quote Sesame Street, "one of these things is not like the other."
UPDATE: Jack Balkin has some nice snark at Balkinization about the possible biblical precedents that might make dimming the sun appealing to the Bushies.
About the Author
Eduardo Moisés Peñalver is the Allan R. Tessler Dean of the Cornell Law School. He is the author of numerous books and articles on the subjects of property and land use law.
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NASA actually funded a study for the sunshade: http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/Science-Fiction-News.asp?NewsNum=802. The notion has been covered by science fiction writers. Clearly the Bush administration isn't a stranger to the realm of fantasy.
The purported contradiction here seems quite strained. If conservatives are supposed to believe universally that one shouldn't interfere with complex systems, then the "conservative" response to global warming would be to throw up our hands and say that there are way too many factors that affect the climate for human beings to design and control the outcome one way or the other. Put another way, if conservatives agree to address global warming at all, there is no more self-contradiction in their suggestion of technological solutions than if they called for carbon cutbacks -- either way, human beings would be attempting to influence a highly complex process. As for the merits of the idea, I'd note that there are serious scientists who are raising such proposals: http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/oceangard/overview.phphttp://www.grav... you know enough about the science here to say that these sorts of solutions should be off the table? Talking about cutting back on our own emissions is all fine and well, but even if we cut back to zero somehow (say, by using nuclear power for everything), if 2 billion Chinese and Indian people start driving cars, the whole planet is going to be on the upward side of an environmental Kuznets curve for a very long time. In that context, it might be wise to start thinking a bit more innovatively.
I don't know anything about the science of the project, but it does sound like something out of Book Three of Gulliver's Travels. Science has come a long way since 1735, but, sadly, human nature has not. I think it is reasonable to worry about this one till further notice.
Down the Memory Hole:I dug up the following dire predictions from the 1970's:Is Mankind Manufacturing a New Ice Age For Itself?Dr. Irving Bengelsdorf in the Los Angeles Times, January 17, 1970Excerpt:Earths average temperature did increase from 1880 to 1940. But in the last 30 years precisely when mans burning activities have spewed the largest amount of carbon dioxide into the air earths average temperature has fallen. In 1968, ice coverage of the North Atlantic was the greatest in more than 60 years.New Ice Age ComingIts already getting ColderOcean Floor Sediment Holds Clues to FutureLos Angeles Times, October 24, 1971Excerpt:Some midsummer day, perhaps not to far in the future, a hard, killing frost will sweep down on the wheat fields of Saskatchewan, the Dakotas and the Russian steppes. [Thomas Owen, assistant director of the National Science Foundation, and head of the NSF office of polar programs]Scientist Sees Chilling Signs of New Ice AgeLos Angeles Times, September 24, 1972Excerpt:A new Ice Age is creeping over the Northern Hemisphere, and the rest of this century will grow colder and colder, a British expert on climate [Professor Hubert Lamb, director of climate research at the University of East Anglia] has claimed.Some predict Ice Age Within a Few DecadesLos Angeles Times, November 15, 1979Excerpt:A new ice age which would probably destroy civilization as we know it could arrive in a few decades, climatologists predict.The sky is falling...
I am sure we are reading different sources, but the only thing I have read or seen on which there is even a majority opinion, much less overwhelming evidence, is that the Earth has been warming. I looked at a survey of US Climatologists from 2005 in which those who believed warming was caused by man and those who believed warming was caused by nature were almost evenly split (the man-made slightly higher) while running a very close third was we dont have enough evidence to say one way or another. We have less than two centuries of real climate data on which to draw. There is a lot of historical and geologic data to indicate there have been long periods of warming and cooling well before man created significant CO2 emissions, and we know volcanic and sun activity can have huge effects on climate. Even within those who agree warming is happening, there are huge divisions about what the effect on man and the environment will be many believe it will be beneficial. Also, interestingly, an awful lot of the scientific opinion comes from people who know precious little more than any average intelligent layman. Why a physician or even a Nobel Prize winning chemists opinion ought to be so important, I cant fathom, but then again I got an earful on proper military strategy from Sean Penn on NPR over the weekend.As for your point, I agree that we should not be planning huge mirrors in space or massive sea water ionizing ships (another solution Ive seen), but frankly, thats the result of the whole sky is falling mentality. I, like Bob, remember the New Ice Age scare of the early 70s. I also remember hearing in school how humanity would be on the brink of annihilation by the end of the century due to starvation and pollution. Those promoting this position were also looking for huge government programs to solve these catastrophic problems.We ought to be looking at alternative energy sources for a lot of reasons, but embarking on massive centrally controlled command solutions is asking for trouble.
Sean and Bob: The ice age thing is such an inapt comparison, if only because of the scope of study and agreement on the climate change problem, which dwarfs the few stray articles and doom-sayers you can pick out from the 1970s. We're talking about decades of research conducted by hundreds of climate scientists and published in thousands of peer-reviewed journal articles, all pretty much pointing in the same direction. From today's NY Times:PARIS, Jan. 29 Scientists from across the world gathered Monday to hammer out the final details of an authoritative report on climate change that is expected to project centuries of rising temperatures and sea levels unless there are curbs in emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases that trap heat in the atmosphere.Scientists involved in writing or reviewing the report say it is nearly certain to conclude that there is at least a 90 percent chance that human-caused emissions are the main factor in warming since 1950. The report is the fourth since 1990 from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is overseen by the United Nations.The report, several of the authors said, will describe a growing body of evidence that warming is likely to cause a profound transformation of the planet.
Eduardo,I am not saying global warming isn't taking place, or that man may be causing it, or that it may be harmful. What I am saying is that there is an hysteria, and a near religious fervor about the whole thing that ought to give us pause.It is amazing to me that progressives immediately question the motives of business people because money and power are involved, but never do so with environmental and social activists. Money and power are money and power whether they come from the market or they are doled out by the government. For example, the scientists you cite are hardly likely to come out with a report that says the opposite of what they say, or that says we don't know. In reading about this IPCC meeting last week, I looked up information on many of the members. Most of the scientists are not climatologists or meteorologists - although there are some. They are chemists, biologists, physicists, hydrologists etc. In a way, there are more people interested in the effects of global warming than on understanding the causes for it. Some of them have become very wealthy as climate change experts. This thing has a life of its own.As I said, the global warming craze has gotten to the point that anyone who asks even the simplist question, like, how do you explain that the 12th-13th centuries (shortly before the "little ice age") seem to have been as warm or warmer than the late twentieth century if industrial activity caused global warming? Indeed the geological evidence that the Earth has undergone massive, and quite swift, changes in climate is overwhelming, yet we dismiss any possible non-man made cause out of hand.I think the global warming crowd look a lot more like the Spanish Inquisition than objective scientists. They already know the truth, and woe betide anyone who asks questions.
Sean,Why is it always about motive for you? Let's table that question for a moment. More scientists than ever now agree that global warming is happening, that we are partly responsible, and that we can do something about it. How are we to respond to that? Try to forget, just for a moment, how these environmental crazies are looking to make a buck. Try to put side, if only for five minuets, your urge to find the mote in the eye of the liberal. The IPCC comprises real scientists. It's a diverse body that contains people who work in a range of fields related to global warming. That's how scientific research on a global scale works. It's the only way it can work.
Grant,Of course motives matter. Just because someone is a scientist doesn't make one objective. When a scientist is working for a drug company, everyone sees this as obvious, but if he's working for the NRDC, or Greenpeace, or owns a climate change consulting company (as do members of the IPCC), no one asks whether there is bias.A century ago, the great weight of scientific opinion was in favor of eugenics and forced sterilization as a means to control population which was, according to these same scientists, out of control. Who can forget Paul Erlich et. al who in the 1960's were predicting an unpreventable colapse of the planetary economy and mass starvation by the end of the century. Many UN and international aid programs (that have wasted millions of dollars) were promoted based on this "science." People like Borlaug who promoted better agricultural methods got most of their support from evil agrobusiness and chemical fertilizer companies. Guess who fed more people.As I said, I don't know the answers, but we ought to be asking harder questions of the ones who claim to have them before we turn our whole economy upside down.
"Of course motives matter. Just because someone is a scientist ... no one asks whether there is bias."Clearly, you're asking, Sean, and you're certainly not "no one."It's really only the crazy fringe suggesting we either do nothing or we turn the economy upside-down. No reasonable person is suggesting we do either.A few more things: first, the accurate term is not "global warming," but "climate change."Next, I've forgotten about Erlich, but it's also undeniable that more people are living in poverty today than in the 60's. I'd prefer to thank botanists above agribusiness, for the latter has not always contributed to farming for food in the Third World. We do produce enough to feed the planet, but the Earth's resources of water and space are not limitless. Strange how the "whole economy" in other places around the world is upside-down, and to some of the First World, happily remains so.No scientist dismisses natural warming cycles. The human effect on those cycles is what you seem ready to discount. The experts would seem to conclude you are wrong.I don't think anybody's advocating "central control," but I think leadership must come from somewhere. Otherwise petrochemical interests may well drive the show based on short-term economic interests.Eventually, the planet will run out of fossil fuels. It would seem prudent to shift our energy sources today. If an ice age indeed arrives to knock humanity back into the Dark Ages in a few centuries, it will be much harder working those bootstraps without coal and oil.
Todd,First, you are factually incorrect about poverty rates. Poverty and hunger rates have been going down steadily worldwide for decades. I would refer you to the World Bank and to UN databases and reports. More people died of starvation in the last two decades of the 19th century than in the entire twentieth century notwithstanding that the population at the end of the 20th century was more than 100% higher. Indeed the single best predictor lower poverty is the extent to which there is a free market and low regulatory burden.Ehrlich was the author of the Population Bomb - also known for his famous bet with economist Julian Simon regarding the "inevitable" skyrocketing of certain critical mineral prices due to overuse. Simon not only disagreed but bet him the prices would go down - Simon won. Nonetheless, the Population Bomb is still considered a classic by environmentalists.This is exactly what I mean - anyone who disagrees with the common wisdom is a "lunatic." They may be a minority, but their are lots of scientists who have serious doubts about the IPCC's findings. Twenty years ago, the "Earth is Warming" crowd were a distinct minority. As I said, there is almost a religious faith in this movement that ought to worry reasonable people.The Kyoto Treaty and other like schemes are exactly "central control" mechanisms. Like most environmental regulation, they set arbitrary command standards. Such standards tend to economically hinder those that abide by them, and encourage others to cheat. They often create disincentives to make incremental improvements, instead demanding exactitude that usally can't be acheived.
Thanks for responding, Sean.First, I wasn't talking about rates of poverty, but actual numbers. We have twice as many people in the world today compared with Ehrlich's time. While we don't have twice as many poor people, we do have more people living in poverty, period.Second, I suspect that the environmentalists of the 60's were pessimistic in their outlook. Thanks to the environmental movement, human society is far better off than it could have been, had short-term profit motivations held sway.Third, while overall poverty rates might indeed see some relative benefit from free markets and low regulations, we also see across the globe the effect of corruption and organized crime in the former Soviet bloc, in Latin America, and Africa. At some point citizens, through a representative government, have to step in and say that this crap is too extreme for civilized society and set down guidelines. Complaining about regulations strikies me as having the whiff of a certain criminality. ("Why should I be bothered by murder, theft, and conspiracy?I'm trying to run an honest business."Next, I think that scientific details of climate change (not warming!) are up for refinement and further study. But when a person brings in the "poor, poor, business" argument, it's hard not to see them linked in a biased way. In the real world, there will need to be a balance between the ideal climate stasis strategy and what the world's nations and businesses can bear economically and politically. We need to keep the science arguments separate from the business ones until the best solution can be determined. But we also need to act quickly.Regarding your last paragraph, the scientific standard must be set apart from lobbying. Once that's established, the expectation is that every business will be a good citizen and abide by society's standards. If businesses make choices to trade credits in good citizenship in regions or across borders, I don't see that as a problem, so long as the overall goals are reached.
Turn our whole economy upside down?
I'm sorry Todd, wrong again. According to the World Bank, hardly right wing free market flacks, the absolute number of people living in poverty reduced from 1.5 billion in 1981 to 1.1 billion in 2001, despite population increases. The overall rate of poverty reduced by 50%.Subsaharan Africa and the former Soviet Union are not examples of free market economies. In point of fact, those areas have extremely high rates of business regulation which is one of the reasons that the cleptocracies flourish. If one must go to three different ministries and pay huge varieties of taxes and fees to start a business, it become far easier and more enticing to simply bribe people and pay criminals for protection. In point of fact, the central governments, where they are functioning, are extremely powerful in these places. Your assumption seems to be that regulation "protects" people only. In some cases it does, but more frequently it just puts power into the hands of government officals who may use it for their own purposes. Peaople are far better at taking care of themselves when they are permitted to.I also find it extraordinarily naive when people talk about "big business" as if there are board rooms of overweight fat cats running the world and hoarding the money. I am big business - most of the people who read this blog are big business. We own these companies. If you have a 401k or other invested pension plan or IRA's or mutual funds you own Exxon and Pfizer. The most important players in the market today are public employeee pension funds. We screech about corporate tax breaks. Who do you think actually pays the taxes? If we go after big oil's "windfall" profits do you think this matters one wit to the executives? Will they have to buy a BMW instead of a Bently? We pay for the tax one way or another. All taxes are paid by actual individual people one way or another and it always hits those who can least afford it the most through higher prices or more scarce resources. I'm not worried about business, I am worried about my family and my neighbors.My whole point about "climate change" is that we really don't understand it enough to make dramatic changes that are being called for. Moreover, only an international scheme could work, according to advocates. What will we do when China or Brazil, or India cheats? Have the UN cesure them? Despite statement like those referred to in Eduardo's other post on this subject, we don't really know what the effect of global warming will be. We can't even predict with certainty what the weather will be in two days, but we can predict what will happen 50 years from now well enough to make policy decisions of such economic import.And Grant, people seem to forget that the Kyoto protocol was rejected 98-0 in the US Senate. I think it is safe to say that when the likes of the late Paul Wellstone and Teddy Kennedy agree with Strom Thurmond and Rick Santorum that a measure would be economically devastating, it's probably a bad idea.
Sean -- I have to correct two things in your most recent comment. FIrst, stock ownership. Lots of folks may own stock in their 401K plans, but stock ownership is highly concentrated in this country, with the top 20% by wealth owning nearly 90% of the stock. Second, you need to distinguish between weather (which is indeed unpredictable beyond the very short term due to the chaotic nature of the phenomenon) and climate, which is the statistical aggregation of weather data over longer periods of time, and which is far more stable (and predictable) than localized weather phenomena.As for the Kyoto vote in the Senate, I agree with you that the Dems were cowards. I think the vote would be different today, though, because of the greater scientific consensus about the costs of doing nothing and the (apparently) increasing Dem. backbone on the issue.
Eduardo,On stock ownership - that figure does not include ownership through defined contribution plans. A middle income cop or teacher or garbage man may not be seen as "owning stock," but he does. I believe the single largest owner of equities in the world are the California public employees. I don't disagree that wealthier people own more equity interests, but when the economy suffers, I care a lot less about Bill Gates' investments than the one's in my pension plan.I accept your distiction between weather and climate data, but my point still stands. The point isn't that they are the same, but that in a field where the principle purpose of the exercise is to use past data and scientific knowledge, correlate with present data, and then predict the future, we still get it wrong. And we have been predicting the weather a lot longer than we have tried to predict the climate. If you can show me where, in all of human history, there is a single, solitary instance where anyone has taken this aggregation of weather data which is so stable and actually PREDICTED what the climate would be like 10 years, 20 years, 50 years, or 100 years in the future I will withdraw my objection. As a pilot friend of mine says, if you start a trip across the Atlantic half a degree off course, you end up in Morraco instead of Paris. What you call cowardice I call a singular instance of profound common sense.
Good to engage you again, Sean. The World Bank acknowledges your numbers are estimates. The numbers I've seen from the UN put the number in poverty at about 1.2 billion--steady through the 1990's. Numbers of those in poverty in the US have actually risen slightly since 1960. The Chinese government claims to have lifted about 200 million out of poverty in the last 15 years. So perhaps you are right. Still, one billion people in poverty is no badge of honor. And more to the point, they probably won't be crying if climate policy disrupts the profit streams for those who put them off the family farm."Your assumption seems to be that regulation "protects" people only."Sometimes it protects businesses from self-destruction. The self-destructing cycle of spending and entitlement in pro sports comes to mind: athletes and owners alike. The lack of direction for fuel economy has pretty much sunk the Big Three, and I don't see any relief on the horizon for them, do you?"I am big business - most of the people who read this blog are big business."They let people invest with their capital--when they have it. But how many permit employees to assist in the direction and growth of the company. In truth, many corporations run themselves like the old USSR, talking the talk on workers, but shutting out the proletariat from actual decision-making. I don't care for ownership so much as good citizenship. I think I'd look more favorably on big corporations if they actually had some democratic reforms to better reflect the society they live in."My whole point about "climate change" is that we really don't understand it enough to make dramatic changes that are being called for."Incorrect. We know enough to steer away from further carbon emissions. If the current generation of politicians can't take the science and make it work with the good citizens of big business, then we need a new set of leaders."(W)e don't really know what the effect of global warming will be."Also not true. We know the extreme end of a warming cycle: the flushing of oceans with fresh water, rising sea level, alteration of ocean currents, a colder Europe, and disruption of rainy seasons. We can read the fossil and ice cap climate record to see all this, and to know that we'll reach a certain point when large-scale patterns will be disrupted. You're right that we don't know exactly when the tipping point will be. It might be 5% more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. It might be 50%. It could happen tomorrow or in the next century. We're basically driving past the sign that says "Road out ahead," and we can see up to the top of the next hill that the road is fine. If we wanted to have a nice picnic up there or something, that would be a good excuse to drive on. But if the goal is to get somewhere long distance, then the best route is to turn around, gently, not dramatically, and find another way.Yes, those spineless Dems on Kyoto. That vote may have been one factor that cost them the White House in 2000.
The Guardian -- Scientists and economists have been offered $10,000 each by a lobby group funded by one of the world's largest oil companies to undermine a major climate change report due to be published today. Letters sent by the American Enterprise Institute (AEI), an ExxonMobil-funded think-tank with close links to the Bush administration, offered the payments for articles that emphasise the shortcomings of a report from the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Eduardo,Shocking! Money influencing scientists! A whole $10,000! Exxon needs to get with the program if they want to really influence things -The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Institute for Climatic Change Research (NICCR)-- formerly named the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC)-- hereby announces its interest in receiving research proposals to conduct research related to effects of climatic and atmospheric changes on terrestrial ecosystems. - $5.9 Million for each of the next 3 years - Bush needs to get them in on the conspiracy if it's going to work.Pew Charitable Trust -Nov 06 - $1,320,000, 3 yrs to PENNFuture for Global Warming researchFeb 06 - Massachusetts Institute of Technology Laboratory for Energy and the Environment, $200,00 for one yearThe DOE is also offering grants to develop computer models to predict the effects of climate change - no amounts given, but I bet it's more than a piddling $10K.Yeah, money sure can influence people - so long as it comes from Reblicans or oil companies.
Eduardo -- If you read the whole thing, the AEI letter seems quite a bit less sensationalistic than the Guardian portrayed. Might be worth taking things with a grain of salt now and then. http://volokh.com/archives/archive_2007_01_28-2007_02_03.shtml#1170541963
Also, Eduardo, you're in danger of getting a lecture from Grant Gallicho. ;) "Why is it always about motive for you? Let's table that question for a moment. . . . Try to forget, just for a moment, how these environmental [skeptics] are looking to make a buck."
Also Eduardo, note that the *head* of the IPCC -- Rajendra Pachauri -- was quoted as saying that Bjorn Lomborg (whose book on the environment was skeptical of the cost-effectiveness of various anti-global-warming measures) was akin to Hitler: http://184.108.40.206/search?q=cache:9CQ2VJQN_2QJ:www.dr.dk/nyheder/frem... are a lot of genuine scientists associated with IPCC, to be sure, but scientists are human beings too. The head of the IPCC is saying that skepticism (not about global warming itself but about the usefulness of various policy solutions) makes someone akin to Hitler. 1) This is far more radical and prejudiced than anything in the AEI letter that you point to; 2) it was said by someone with immeasurably more power and influence over the global warming debate than AEI; and hence, 3) people might justifiably be a bit wary that scientists who want the money and prestige of associating with the IPCC would have every incentive to slant their analysis to avoid being called Hitler themselves. Not saying that this is happening, of course; I'm not qualified to make that determination. Still, if you're worried about the AEI letter, and if you're evenhanded on this issue, you've got to be much more worried about IPCC.
(1) Thanks for the Volokh link, Stuart. I'm all for grains of salt. I consider the Guardian to be a generally reliable newspaper, though in this case I'm inclined to agree that they misrepresented the facts. In any event, Sean's reaction is as illuminating as the original (incorrect) story. Research money to study is not the same as money designed to elicit a particular conclusion. (I'm not saying this is what AEI did, but Sean clearly is unable to distinguish the two.)(2) You're misrepresenting Pachauri's comment. He's not talking about global warming skepticism at all but about an economic conclusion that certain communities are not worth saving.
Eduardo,Believe it or not I do understand the difference, but I also understand that money is money, and when the money is flowing in a particular direction people's behavior will be influenced - regardless of the source. Whether the direction the money will flow is explictly stated or not makes little difference. What matters is where it goes, and right now I suspect those challenging the common wisdom aren't getting a lot of this money.Also, there is only one conclusion that will keep the money flowing. If I convince everyone there is a problem, I will get more money to tell them how bad it is, and even more to tell them how to fix it. If I say, there isn't a problem, or it's not as bad as others think, I just pick up my things and go home.
Well, it's also not quite right to say that Lomborg believes that "certain communities are not worth saving," as if to imply that he'd let them drown. What Lomborg evidently says is that if it would cost too many trillions of dollars to completely prevent all global warming, then it would be cheaper to relocate those very tiny communities of people who happen to live on islands that are inches above sea level. Agree or disagree, that's nothing even remotely akin to Hitler's philosophy, which certainly wasn't about how to find cost-effective solutions to environmental problems. In any event, you're avoiding the point, which is that if you're worried about the taint of one AEI letter that suggested an interest in a critique, you should be much more worried about the taint of an IPCC **president** who thinks that anyone who disagrees with him as to any aspect of global warming is worthy of comparison to Hitler. If the potential for being tarred with that comparison wouldn't tempt some people to shade their analysis, what would? A threat to shoot them in the kneecaps?


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On the face of it, PTO seems like a good idea in educating people about password security.
On the other hand, if I were an attacker, PTO would be the first place I would start if I wanted to start collecting a list of plaintext passwords.
This is the usual vulnerability disclosure debate: when you find a vulnerability, what do you do with it ? Bringing it to the public view right away can be considered as "helping the attackers"; however, discussing it in private with the affected systems' operators or vendors can turn unpleasant; in particular, some vendors or server owners are prone to consider any such private warning as an attempt at extortion, and call the cops.
Some security researchers want money out of their work; many others want fame; quite a few want both. Publishing the security issue immediately is of questionable responsibility, but is "safer" for the researcher and has the highest probability of bringing fame (and the lowest probability of bringing money).
Compounding the issue is the idea that a "plaintext offender" is a site designed and managed by people with only cursory knowledge of information security; therefore, they cannot be expected to react with the technical alacrity and mutual respect that would be most liable to induce an happy outcome (researcher gets the money and the fame, vulnerability is fixed, the server owner appears as a good and efficient manager of security issues). From the point of view of an honest researcher, such sites look like trouble. You can have a quiet technical chat with Google or Microsoft; with a site that stores plaintext passwords (and, more often than not, sends them by email !), drama is a definite possibility.
As others have noted, storing passwords in plaintext does not really make attacks more likely; they make them more devastating when they occur. The targets are not easier, but juicier. In that sense, PTO does not really help attackers.
(The overall strategy of PTO is to become known enough to the general public to be able to exert some pressure on site owners, ultimately resulting in a safer Web altogether. That's education through point-and-shame -- it should theoretically work in a capitalist free market, customers being the ultimate force. However, I don't see PTO as having achieved that level of fame yet, by a long shot. They need a logo, a cleaner Web site, promotional videos, and endorsement by George Clooney, at least.)
Not really.
Knowing that example.com is a plaintext offender doesn't help me much in mass-compromising accounts for that website. I could try to compromise their peering-router to sniff all their outgoing emails, but that would be quite difficult, because that router is likely to be properly secured. Trying to attack their website itself is likely more promising.
The more plausible attack scenarios which become possible through plaintext offenders target the individual user and all websites they use, not all users of the individual service. When an attacker could read the mail communication of a private user (much more plausible than with a professionally administrated system), they can obtain their login credentials for all plaintext-offending services they register to. That means an attacker would rather be interested in finding vulnerable users so they can get logins for random websites, not finding a vulnerable website to get logins from random users.
Besides, finding out which sites are PTOs is trivial: You just have to register an account and you know. Fully automatic account registration is something spammers got frighteningly efficient at.
I agree with the notion that all knowledge can be used for both good and evil but in the case of PTO I honestly believe their main goal is to "shame" sites that store user passwords in plain text and thereby put the users at a security risk.
As they mention on the site, even if the user was smart enough and created the strongest password possible, if the website stores it in plain text or uses easily reversible encryption then it's vulnerable.
I think it's about educating people about password security but also criticizing or shaming websites that don't take the necessary precautions to protect their user's account information.


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The Rise of the "Nones"
The new Pew Forum study is getting a lot of publicity for its finding that one American in five now responds none when asked about their religious affiliation. This is up from around 15 percent in 2007. The future of organized religion in the United States may look even bleaker because almost a third of individuals under 30 can be classified as nones.Numerous press reports have covered the study so Im not going to describe it in detail. I encourage you to read the summary orif you are an unreconstructed data geek like medownload the entire report.There were a couple of interesting findings buried in the demographic data. The first was that the growth in nones was heavily concentrated among the white population. The share of Hispanics who are nones did not change at all between 2007 and 2012.A second finding that was interesting was the difference between unmarried and married individuals. The share of married individuals who were nones did not change at all between 2007 and 2012, while the share of unmarried individuals who did increased by 4 percentage points. This means that unmarried individuals accounted for virtually all the increase in the nones over the last five years.If marriage has a protective effect on religious practice, then one of the things that may be driving decline in religious practice is the decline in marriage. Of course, the reverse may also be true in the sense that the religiously unaffiliated may be less likely to take the step of getting married. If you read the full report, youll find that the nones cohabit at a slightly higher rate than those affiliated with a religious tradition.Since weve been talking about the New Evangelization this week, this data seems to confirm that the window between leaving home and getting married is the space where the churches lose many of their adherents. Ill be interested to see of any of the interventions at the Synod discuss this particular challenge.
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Regarding the married vs. not married trend, did the survey also examine trends among people with children and those without? I reconnected to my religion when I had children; I wanted to raise my children with a religion. So yes, I'm married and still religious, but I don't think it's my marital status that kept me connected as much as my motherhood. I wonder if that is the case with others and whether "family" status is just as relevant as "marital" status. And often the desire to have children is part of a couple's decision to marry, so maybe it's all kind of intertwined.
The unmarried nones and the young nones may be mostly the same people. And young people appear to be more live-and-let-live about social issues. They probably want to be free to make their own mistakes (and successes), untrammeled by the pronouncements of elderly churchmen of various denominations, which often sound outdated and crotchety.Young people are also more likely to think that, year after year, science is gaining on religious belief in the competition to explain reality. And science has the very modern and appealing advantage of being open-minded.
I suspect that one of the reasons that we unmarrieds are abandoning the Catholic Church is because we aren't one of the Catholic Church's categories. It prays and has programs and organizations for poor people, rich people, immigrants, the young, the old,the about to be married, the married, the widowed, the cats and dogs on the feast of St. Francis, etc., etc., but only the young singles get any attention at all. I'm 82 years old and have never heard a single prayer for '"the spinsters and bachelors of this parish". Forget looking for help with our spiritual needs.
"Young people are also more likely...science is also gaining on religious belief...."John Prior,It is still too early to say. In many respects, the future is a fairy land to many young nones, believing that they will be around and adequately accounted for in the future on the basis of their current "belief" in the future. Science, in that sense, is salutary, benign and kind, affirming beneficent futurity. Possibly that's why the same Pew researchers of this recent study noted a while back that the children of nones often become religious adults. Why? Most said that they first joined a religion because "their spiritual needs were not being met." And the most-cited reason for settling on their current religion was that they simply "enjoyed the services and style of worship." So let's wait a while before closing down religion and "elderly churchmen of various denominations."What did surprise me in the recent study, however, was the drastic increase in the percentage of Nones -- nearly 20% -- in a few years. Also only 73% of Americans currently identify themselves as Christians (with Protestantism -- all denominations -- a minority faith-- 47%). That is all new., even as we try to live prospectively. If Pew is right, however, many of the children/grandchildren of current Nones will be affliliated with some church.
"I suspect that one of the reasons that we unmarrieds are abandoning the Catholic Church is because we arent one of the Catholic Churchs categories. "Ann, fwiw - a parishioner once told me that quite a bit of my preaching tends to focus on married and family life and that the unmarrieds (she is one) feel left out. So your point is well-taken.
"Young people are also more likely to think that, year after year, science is gaining on religious belief in the competition to explain reality. And science has the very modern and appealing advantage of being open-minded."John P - I agree, but I also wonder whether it is the alleged defects in the explanatory power of religion that make a person steer away from it. Istm that, for most people (this is just my opinion, based on my personal observation), what appeals to them about Catholicism is not its ability to explain galaxies or protons, but its ability to find meaning in spheres of their lives that complement rather than compete with the physical sciences.
At the risk of coming across as superficial :-), I do think that catechesis, or lack thereof, is one reason, or part of one reason, that young people seem to be postulants for the none-hood.To put it more clearly: lack of cultivation of habits of discipleship, of which catechesis is an important part, may be to blame. Young people who grow up in irreligious households may turn out to be irreligious themselves when they leave the nest.
I agree, Jim P, about the complementarity, although it's not always easy to see where the boundary is or how much overlap exists between science and religion. I think science confines itself pretty firmly to the observable natural world and makes no claims about ultimate purposes or the supernatural, even if for me some of modern physics seems indistinguishable from it. Religion, being the older of the two, long had only philosophy to share the work of explanation with, and so has tended to think of science as a young smarty-pants, poking around in dark places, measuring things, and reasking long-settled questions.But it is the practitioners that make the biggest difference. Broadly speaking, scientists seem modest, tentative, open to change if better ideas are brought forward, and reasonably respectful of critics and skeptics. Many clergymen show a similar humility, but they don't set the tone. The big talkers do. And here I will say that the Catholic ones are far from the most troublesome. Their fulminations are almost benign compared with the real ravers. I recall the horrible words spoken after the 9/11 attacks and again after Katrina, blaming various despised classes of Americans. Putrid lies and vile hatred, often spoken explicitly in the name of religion, can be heard or read nearly every day. No doubt there is a big, lucrative market for that sort of talk. But I believe that it is gradually killing religion among sane people. And it is killng it fastest among the young.
Thanks, Jim P. Maybe you could start a little ministry to/for the unmarrieds? I'm sure you'd be good at it :-)
Ann, I always thought that the Roman Catholic insistence on celibacy for priests and religious was a way of emphasizing the value of the single life. Another religious illusion bites the dust!
Verity ==The Church didn't teach that being single had value in itself. The value of celibacy lies in the chosen sacrifice of marriage for the opportunity to serve God better, or so the theory went. Vatican II did seem to say that the different states of life could all produce sanctity.


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COCHRUN, Robert E. "Bob," 74, of Wintersville, OH, died Wednesday, December 5, 2012, at Valley Hospice North.
He was born on June 25, 1938, a son of the late Howard and Geneatha Forsythe Albaugh.
Bob was retired from Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel as a millwright in the 80 inch. He served in the U.S. Army and was a member of Blessed Sacrament Catholic Church.
Bob was the former mayor of Wintersville having served two terms 1996-2004 and was currently serving as a councilman in Wintersville.
His many accomplishments include: Village of Wintersville Lifetime Achievement Award, Brooke, Hancock and Jefferson County Lifetime Achievement Award and a street in the Village of Wintersville named in his honor "Cochrun Lane." Bob was always concerned about the citizens of Wintersville. He had heart, determination, and spirit in all he did for the people of the village. Bob belonged to Sigma Beta Phi Fraternity, Blessed Sacrament Men's Club, Ohio Municipal League and Democratic Party Executive Committee. He was a former member of Ohio Mayors Association and a former board member of the Community Action Council.
Bob is survived by his wife of 32 years, Lena Loretta Miller Cochrun; daughter, Sheila (Jeff) Wajda of Bloomingdale, OH; sons, Robert Cochrun of Bloomingdale, OH and Richard Cochrun of Strasburg, OH; daughter, Michelle (Bradley) Paulman of Wintersville, OH; step-daughter, Tamila (Mike) Clark of Mingo Junction, OH; step-sons, Donald J. (Nana) Flinn of Atlantic City, NJ and Roger D. Flinn of Naperville, IL; sister, Louann (John) Lawson of Wisconsin; 11 grandchildren and seven great-grandchildren.
Friends may call at Dunlope-Shorac Funeral Home, 215 Fernwood Rd., Wintersville, OH on Sunday 2-4 and 6-8 p.m., where funeral services will be held Monday, 10 a.m. with Rev. Clint Quillen officiating.
Burial will be private. Ohio Valley Veterans Memorial Squad will conduct services at the funeral home.
Memorial contributions may be made to: Wintersville Emergency Medical Squad.
Offer condolences at www.shorac.com.


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- Jena Economic Resea...
- Volume 5
- The emergence of no...
- Pictured person
- Published
- Sat Apr 2 2011
- Number of discussion paper
- keyword(s)
normative conflict
social norms
- abstract
Why is it that well-intentioned actions can create persistent conflicts? While norms are widely regarded as a source for cooperation, this article proposes a novel theory in which the emergence of norms can be understood as a bargaining process in which normative conflicts explain the finally emerging norm. The theory is tested with a dynamical experiment on conflicts over the consideration of equality, effort or efficiency for the distribution of joint earnings. Normative conflict is measured by the number of rejected offers in a recursive bargaining game. The emerging normative system is analyzed by feedback cycles between micro- and macro-level. It is demonstrated that more normative cues cause more normative conflict. Further, under the structural conditions of either simple or complex situations, the convergence towards a simple and widely shared norm is likely. In contrast, in moderately complex situations, convergence is unlikely and several equally reasonable norms co-exist. The findings are discussed with respect to the integration of sociological conflict theory with the bargaining concept in economic theory.
- article pub. typess JER
- Research article
- article languages JER
- Englisch
- JEL-Classification for JER
- Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology ; C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior ; D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement