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Julia's Best Week Ever, May 19, 2016: Sea World and Artegon
I can't say that I spend the most time at Disney of any theme park aficionado. I try to make it to the parks once a week solo for research or live tweeting, and then most weekends we spend some family time at Disney. There are some weekends when Disney just doesn't feel like the right weekend excursion. So after begging and pleading not to be sent all over Disney in search for Disney Dollars or to rope drop Disney Springs for the chance of blowing my diet with one bite of cupcakes, pastries, or poutine, the weekend plans had me looking outside the Disney bubble. That is truly one joy of living here–it would be almost impossible to run out of things to do for a weekend.
A Review of Senses Juice Bar on the Disney Dream
Let me start off by saying I'm about as far removed from an expert on juice blends and green smoothies as one can get. My preferred drinks of choice are water and tea. On my most recent cruise, my goal was to try new things. When I saw that there is now a juice bar on the Dream, I figured that it wouldn't kill me to try it, right?
The Senses Juice Bar on the Disney Dream is located in the Senses spa area on Deck 11 Forward. It is open from 6 AM to 10 PM most days (but not open on debarkation day as it opens at noon for the next group of cruisers on their embarkation day).
Universal Orlando Photo Update May 9th, 2016
Welcome back to the long overdue return of our Universal Orlando photo updates. Since so much has happened at the resort since our last update, this week's update will primarily focus on the upcoming 2016 Sapphire Falls Resort, Skull Island Reign of Kong, and re-opening of The Incredible Hulk roller coaster. We'll also take a quick look at 2017's Volcano Bay Water Theme Park, as well as the Tonight Show and Fast & Furious attractions. Let's get going!
Walt Disney World FastPass+ Strategy Update
Remember a couple of months ago when we released a three part series on Disney's FastPass+ service at Walt Disney World — how to use it, the best strategy for getting the most out of it, and then hacks and tips to make it even better? Well, Disney had to go and enhance the service, rendering some of our advice outdated. Well, consider it outdated no more. Read on to find out how these changes impact the process of making your picks, and the strategy to using the FastPass+ system!
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Let's Do it Again!!! – Dapper Day at Magic Kingdom
This piece is a follow up to an introductory article about Spring Dapper Day at the Magic Kingdom. To read it first please visit the following link: Spring Dapper Day at Walt Disney World.
I am happy to report that we have returned from our short trip "home", are now well rested, and I am ready to tell you all about the dashing good time we had at Dapper Day. It was so fun to see everyone else in their dapper attire. Men, women, children: people of all ages partook in the fun. I was very surprised at how many people were dressed up. It seemed like almost everyone! I felt sorry for those poor souls who were merely wearing their normal vacation clothes. We did have a few stop us and ask why everyone was so well dressed; and some of them said they wished they had know so they could have done it as well.
In my last article I had left you all hanging as to what we were going to wear. It really was a hard decision. We debated styles from the 1920's, the 1950's, and even theming our outfits based on Disney characters. My husband's attire was easier to plan and it sort of just fell into place. For our anniversary earlier last year I had bought him a Mickey Mouse bowtie (with no clue as to when he would ever wear it), and around Christmas time he began growing out his normally very short cut facial hair. I had fallen in love with the handlebar moustache look and had convinced him that he needed to have one for Dapper Day. He lovingly obliged. Also around Christmas last year, while shopping in Target, I had made him try on a hat which I was convinced he would be super cute in. He was. I bought it.
He had first thought he wanted to look like a dapper Walt Disney with knickers and a dress shirt that we had scene in a photograph. That changed when we had a very hard time locating a vintage styled pair of knickers that were in our "wear it once" budget. Instead he found a very nice pair of dress pants at a local thrift store that went with the shirt he wanted to wear. The last part of the outfit was leather suspenders. That was the third piece to his outfit that I insisted on. I am really lucky that his taste in clothing is pretty much in sync with mine.
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Purchasing DVC resale vs. direct: the new math
For anyone considering a purchase of a Disney Vacation Club contract, a major curveball was thrown when DVC changed the way that contracts bought on the resale market would be treated when it comes to membership perks.
As the email that went out to members read: "Now, effective April 4, 2016, Members who do not
purchase their ownership interest directly from Disney Vacation Club will not have access to other
Membership Extras, such as exclusive Member experiences and discounts. Please know that as a
current Disney Vacation Club Member (regardless of when or where you bought your membership),
your access to Disney Differences and these additional Membership Extras will not be affected by this
policy change."
What that means is that anyone purchasing a DVC contract on the resale market will not have access to membership extras such as member parties and access to the Top of The World Lounge or the soon-to-be-open members lounge in Epcot's Imagination Pavilion. It also means new resale members won't get the dining, merchandise and, most significantly, annual pass discounts current members enjoy.
So when you're making the decision whether to purchase resale or direct, you're going to have to factor in these changes. If you don't plan on purchasing annual passes, the savings in the resale market are significant enough to continue to tilt in the favor of that option.
Disney Haiku — Follow-Up
Hi everyone! You may recall that a few weeks ago, we invited you to come up with Disney haiku. A few of you posted some great little poems in the comments (thank you!), but there were many, many more posted to Twitter that you might have missed. With that in mind, I thought I'd share a few of the better ones that I saw that day. Read on after the jump!
Julia's Best Week Ever, April 21, 2016: The Dark Side
Weeks with runDisney events always seem to get away from my family. Between the Expo, three different events, and recovery from those early morning days, runDisney events take a huge chunk out of our life. Truth told, I don't really like running that much, but Disney races make it more bearable–for various degrees of bearable. I've done a race when it is cold enough that I've had to carry a supply of hand warmers. I've done a race when it is warm enough that we've been handed cooling towels at the finish line. I've done a race when it's been so windy that I wasn't sure if I'd end up at the finish line or at Oz. I've even had the "fun" of "running" in the rain. (It was more like ice skating on the slippery Boardwalk.) With the ever-increasing cost of a runDisney weekend of races, and my general apathy about the running experience at this point, I had decided going into this weekend that this would be my last runDisney event for the foreseeable future. (Unless they bring back the Everest Challenge–I'm totally down for doing that again.)
This weekend was the Star Wars Dark Side set of races. For this weekend, I had cut back from my 10K usual to a 5K so that my husband could experience an inaugural 10K. For the kiddo, it was the ever-exciting 200-meter dash.
Dining Review: Il Mulino New York Trattoria
If you've ever had a craving for Italian food at Walt Disney World, you know there certainly isn't a lack of choices, particularly in the Crescent Lake Resorts/Epcot corner of the World. Recently, I took a trip to the Swan resort's Il Mulino signature Italian eatery to see what it had to offer and how it compares to its neighbors.
I'd never been to Il Mulino before (but had always heard rave reviews), so I brought along a friend who had – as it turns out, this was an excellent decision, otherwise I never would've found the restaurant! The Swan hotel has two "lobbies" of sorts, so you have to walk through the main hotel lobby to the other central lobby to get to the restaurant. Once you've found it, you have to walk through the bar to get to the hostess stand (though I have occasionally seen a hostess outside the restaurant helping direct guests inside). After a few minutes of confusion about where to seat us in the bustling restaurant, we headed to a table in the main dining room. My first impression was that of an upscale modern eatery in a big city – a loud dining room with bare bones décor, filled to the brim with large parties of conventioneers and only a smattering of families. Our server was very quick to greet us (and introduce his serving partner), but then took a bit of time to come back to take our order. We were pretty overwhelmed by all the options on the menu; it's probably twice as large as most signature dining options, with appetizers, salads, soups, pizzas, pastas, seafood, and meat entrees along with the family style dining section (available for parties with four or more people). Our server didn't offer up any recommendations at first, but I had no idea what to order – so many options, many of which sounded fantastic. After a little prodding, he recommended a few of the pasta dishes and the steak entrees. We went against the grain and ordered a few items from several sections to try to get a representative sampling of the large menu.
Our drinks arrived in due time – I tried the "Piano Piano" ($13), basically an aviation cocktail you'd find at many other restaurants. After sampling this lightly-poured drink, I'd hazard a guess that most of the cocktails here follow suit – meant for conventioneers and tourists who rarely drink, so think light on the liquor, heavy on the sweet fillers. Sangria was recommended by one of our servers, as was the extensive wine list, but at convention prices (think: slightly higher than most Disney signature restaurant wine list), I was reluctant to order selections I've seen all around property for a few dollars cheaper per glass. I eventually caved and tried the red sangria, but it was, rather predictably, cloyingly sweet and lacking in any nuance. Along with our drinks, we received the restaurant's bread service – several slices of crusty Italian bread, a few pieces of tomato herb focaccia, and a plate on the side with a few slices of salami and a healthy portion of eggplant caponata (a pretty standard mix of eggplant, garlic, tomatoes, with a few olive slices here and there). The salami was odd – very little flavor, no spice, no savory twang; but the caponata was excellent – not overly salty, and it brought out the sweetness of the tomato flavor in the focaccia.
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10 Things You May Want to Know About Disney Cruise Staterooms
Are you wondering what your stateroom will be like on your Disney cruise? What does it have, what does it not have? I am here to help! Here's 10 things you may want to know.
1. Stateroom Size – They're small! No two ways about it, if you are comparing a cruise stateroom to the average hotel room, it's small. Now if you're comparing them to a standard room on another cruise line, well then they could be huge! The smallest stateroom on a Disney ship will still sleep 3 people with a queen bed and convertible sofa. On many other cruise lines the standard cabin only sleeps 2. Standard rooms on Disney ships are usually around 25% bigger than standard rooms on other lines. But we are still talking small here. There are some smaller inside rooms that are 169 square feet, with most rooms running between 204 and 241 square feet. Laurel and Len created an excellent visual of how big (or small) Walt Disney World Resort hotel rooms are when they taped off the size of Disney rooms in their driveway! Value resort rooms are 260 square feet, so they are bigger than a stateroom onboard. So, remember, your Disney cruise stateroom will be small, but you can feel happy knowing you likely have more room than passengers on other cruise lines. And you should by happy because you are on a Disney ship. And who doesn't feel happy there!?!?
2. Beds – The beds are kind of important, right? Well good news, they're comfortable! Maybe it's the gentle sway of the ocean, maybe it's the $1500 sheets, or the perfect pillows, but I sleep like a baby on a cruise. (Is that really a good analogy? Perhaps not. A baby that sleeps all night. Not a baby that screams every few hours allowing no one else to sleep.) The main bed in all staterooms is a queen bed (they say queen, they feel a little bigger to me) with lots of space underneath for suitcases. Now that the rooms on all four ships have been updated, none of the beds separate into two twins as you find on many other lines. Good news for those that like to sleep in the middle of the bed, bad news for some single travelers. In standard staterooms categories 5-11 on the Wonder and Magic, and 5-7 and 9-11 on the Dream and Fantasy, there is also a couch that converts into a single bed and a single that pulls down from the ceiling in most rooms. Not all rooms have that pull down, so if you are a family of three with a little one that really wants to sleep in the super cool bed that pulls down from the ceiling, make sure you are booked in a stateroom that has one. In categories 8 on the Dream and Fantasy, and 4 on all the ships, there is also a pull down murphy type bed. The couch and pull downs are definitely not as comfortable as the main bed, but I've slept in one and they aren't bad! Concierge staterooms R, S and T have various other configurations sleeping between five and seven people.
3. Bathrooms – Maybe even more important than beds! And I have more good news. The bathrooms are great! They're small (small rooms remember), but they're great. On all ships, with the exception of accessible staterooms and category 8A's on the Dream and Fantasy, everything in categories 4- 10 have split bathrooms. Split bathrooms are genius! A split bathroom means there essentially two bathrooms which is so helpful with multiple people getting ready. One has a sink and toilet, and the other has a sink and tub/shower. You heard me bath loving people, Disney has a tub in their bathrooms. On most other lines, you'll have to get to the suites before a tub is an option. In categories 8D, 8C, 8B, 4 and V on the Dream and Fantasy, there are actually round tubs! With rainfall shower heads! The V on the Magic and Wonder, and R, S and T on all ships have a whole 'nother level of bathrooms and tubs. The tub in the 1-bedroom suites on the Dream and Fantasy is more like a small pool.
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My daughter has been going to Powerhouse Tnt Gymnastics for about 2 years and she loves it! The Mother's Day Out program is great. They teach them gymnastics and educational skills.
Great Gym !!!Updated: 6/11/2015
I have been a a customer of Powerhouse TNT gymnastics for almost 2 years. I can't tell you what it has done for my daughter, great staff...the best coaches and a real family enviroment.


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To brew, lift the lid and swing the water outlet spout to one side while the filter is being loaded; the spout will return to its proper position when the lid is closed. A small red ball in the water gauge makes it extra simple to read. And an electronic clock module also serves as a timer that will start the brewer at a specified time. The carafe's lid is designed to be on during brewing, with a small cap to help keep the heat in after it's ready. The Fresh Brew also has a pause-and-serve function that stops the flow for 30 seconds while a cup of coffee is served.
To clean the brewer unit, use a solution of white vinegar and water, following the instructions in the accompanying booklet. The unit is not immersible. The exterior can be wiped with a damp soft rag; do not use abrasives or scouring pads. The filter reservoir is removable; clean with warm soapy water and rinse thoroughly. The coffee brewer measures 15 by 12 by 9 inches (includes carafe handle when unit is completely assembled), and it uses #4 cone-shaped disposable paper filters. The Fresh Brew comes with a detailed instruction booklet. Zojirushi guarantees its products with a one-year limited warranty. --Garland Withers


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|Ohio State
|515 total votes
I hope OHIO STATE wins, some thing like the MICHIGAN pounding they handed out. The sad part is Texas was passed over for the title game. So that either gives you one very upset team with some thing to prove. Or a team with a no matter what we do we won't be number one. So run the ball and control the game don't get into a shoot out, please. Texas out scored Oklahoma that should be a hint.
Just another year goes by and the NCAA refuses to have a play off system. Number one reason money that is handed out to these schools for the Bowl games. That takes us through the Holidays only to end up in controversy. I am sure with a [number] team playoff system they could come up with a true winner in a couple of weeks and fill there bowls up deciding the winner and top ten.
It would help in recruiting players around the country and keep hopes alive for that Cinderella team.
ya i want ohio 2 win but texas is better.... o g2g my boss is coming


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02 June 2010|
There are many who believe a spark plug is a spark plug. While that notion may have been true in the past, today's technology has come a long way in a short period of time. Spark plug selection is becoming a very careful buying decision, especially in a time when engine displacement is no longer king. Modern high compression engines and forced induction motors are finicky beasts, and some spark plugs have trouble keeping up with the demands. E3 Spark Plugs, however, have been engineered to make the most of (almost) anything with a gasoline engine.
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This holiday season the USO is offering the perfect shopping solution to Americans tired of spending the weeks and days leading up to Christmas, in crowded shopping malls, trying to find that perfect and sometimes expensive gift for the person who seems to have everything that often ends up as clutter: The USO Wishbook.
A first of its kind, it's the most comprehensive alternative giving catalogue that solely supports U.S. troops and their families. With gifts to suit every budget, the USO Wishbook offers items to support deployed troops, wounded warriors and military families, priced from $15 up to $5,000 for extraordinary gifts. For $25 or less, you can purchase a care package that helps get a service member through the initial days of deployment, a kit to help a military child cope with the stresses of military life, or a calling card to keep a service member and their family connected.
A perfect gift for anyone on your list, help us lift the spirits of America's troops and their families for the holidays!
More from the USO
Jul 20, 2016
'We're Here for the Soldiers': How One Volunteer Couple Answered the Call to Serve at USO Fort Hood
Anne Cosper always wanted to volunteer at the USO. So when her daughter, who currently serves in the U.S. Army, was reassigned to Fort Hood – only an hour drive from her Georgetown, Texas, home – she decided it was the perfect opportunity to get involved at the USO center on base.
Jul 20, 2016
How USO SeaTac's 'Banana' Bob Got His Nickname
Bob Harris first began volunteering at the USO Northwest Seattle-Tacoma International Airport center in 2013. Shortly after he started, he was asked if he'd be interested in picking up donated bananas and bringing them to the airport center once a week. It wasn't long after his first delivery that Bob realized the donations runs had earned him a new nickname.


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Harder find painted 1/2 andalusian Azteca filly Registered with IALHA number H009393 Sire has champion line's This filly is built like a tank. Also comes…$3,500
Harder find painted registered with ialha azteca. May turn grey. Comes from champion lines sire is a spain pre ANCCE revised and USA ialha registered mare…$3,500
Show Quality registered ialha 1/2 andalusian Azteca also microchipped and DNA done by uc Davis. He will be a grey. Halter trained, has had feet trimmed…$4,000
5 year old sorrel mare for sale. Super sweet, in your lap, and wants to please. She has a nice quiet temperament, with a kind eye. Fine with other horses…$2,000
Beautiful CAPE CROSS Filly out of A RED RANSOM mare. Her second dam is the dam of multiple Grade 1 winner LEADING LIGHT. She had 6 starts 2 wins 2 seconds…$30,000
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The Providence Service Corporation (the "Company" or "Providence"), a Delaware corporation formed in 1996, is a holding company, whose subsidiaries provide critical healthcare and workforce development services. The Company operates within two key industry sectors-US healthcare and global workforce development-through its three operating segments: Non-Emergency Transportation Services ("NET Services"), Workforce Development Services ("WD Services") and Health Assessment Services ("HA Services"). NET Services coordinates non-emergency transportation for individuals whose limited mobility and/or financial resources would otherwise hinder them from accessing necessary healthcare and social services. WD Services primarily provides employability and offender rehabilitation services to eligible participants of government sponsored programs. ... More ...
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Joined Jun 2015
26 Posts
Aaaaand another PVC Quad Build
I've embarked upon my first PVC quad. I'm about 1/2 way done and I'm desperate for opinions/critique of what I've got going so far. The flight controller won't be here for a few more days, so I really don't even know if I'm on the right track or not.
Here's what I've got going:
I've weighed it all, and it's looking like it'll be 1400g with the 5000mah battery, or 1220g with a 2200mah battery.
I'm not expecting it to be super nimble, I'm just hoping for a 10 minute flight time, stable loitering and position hold, and ultimately I want to have some fun setting waypoints via an Android phone running perhaps EZGUI Ground Station.
The attached photos depict the inside that has the battery, ESC, and PDB. On top will go the APM, telemetry, FrSky receiver, and GPS donglie. On the bottom will be the AV transmitter and the camera with a gimble. Still haven't worked out exactly what I'll use for legs.
My biggest concern is my motor-mounting. I'm wondering if I should completely bail on that method and pursue the tried-and-true flatten-the-PVC-with-heat method and just bolt through the two layers of PVC.
I'm not too concerned about the weight. I put props on, plugged a servo tester into the ESC, strapped the thing down, gave it some juice, and it sure enough lifted itself at about 50% throttle.
So, am I crazy? Am I on the right track? Are those weights (1400g, or 1220g) out of line for such a quad, those motors, those props? Thanks very much for any advice or critique.
Joined Jun 2015
26 Posts
FWIW, I just discovered the eCalc, so I did my best to plug my stuff into it. here's what it said. The "Throttle at Hover: 74% (linear)" worries me a little. That seems high.
Joined Jun 2015
26 Posts
I may have done something wrong the first time. I reran eCalc, now it's saying 66% hover throttle, which doesn't seem too bad. I really don't know what to make of all those eCalc numbers.
United States, CO, Boulder
Joined Jun 2014
1,075 Posts
You "might" be able to use a x mount and then zip tie the mount to the frame. That will add weight to your frame though. I will say I found the pvc softens around the screw so make sure the head of the bolt is large enough to not go through.
And yes, your throttle seems a bit high. You might be able to shave off some weight from the center plates. The pvc fittings are usually heavy. One last thing, I'm not familiar with schedule 11 is that heavier then 40 or more like thin wall?
If I remember correctly most agree that pvc frames work best under 300mm. That was probably based on thin wall pvc.
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A lumped component equivalent circuit has been developed by our team to model the linear electrical behavior of any two winding transformer. Its topology is independent of size and technology and a general method of characterization, exclusively based on external impedance measurements, has been presented. Unfortunately, when some key frequencies are out of the range of the measuring apparatus, several capacitances remain unevaluated. Owing to a new understanding of magnetic and electrostatic coupling, a new successive step approach is presented. At each step, a more accurate circuit, proven to be effective in electronic simulation, is fully characterized. This method suits any number of windings and experimental data will be presented for two and three winding transformers


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The Bonfire of the Vanities
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Satire on the greed of the 80's. A Wall Street bondsman and his mistress become involved with a scheming journalist when they take a wrong turn one night.Genre: Feature Film-ComedyRating: RRelease Date: 1-JUN-2004Media Type: DVD
The 1980s were wearing thin when Tom Wolfe delivered this biting commentary about the shallowness of an investment banker in a messed-up place called New York City. Sherman McCoy knows how to make a lot of money. But that's about it. He is oblivious to his wife, his daughter, even his mistress, and shows little interest even in the deeper machinations of business. His focus is on the surface, and when he makes a mistake, it seems that all the dark forces he was so ignorant about circle like a pack of wolves. As usual, Wolfe writes ferociously, showing no favorites among the rich, the poor, the black,or the white and painting each with at least one absurd stroke. The novel is both hilarious and telling, delivered in a distinctive voice by Wolfe, one of our top stylists. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
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This movie is played on the borderline "tragedy and comic" the result, in my opinion, is a very interesting mix of ironic situations. Sherman McCoy (Tom Hanks) is on top of his game and is the top dog in one of the top financial firms in the city. He has money in spades, a socialite wife, a Park Avenue apartment, a mistress and a very nice car. While out with that same mistress Maria (Griffith) in that same expensive car, Sherman takes a wrong turn and ends up in the Bronx where, in a moment of panic at being confronted by crowds of African Americans, Maria suddenly hits a black man and they drive off back to normal white society. Sadly for Sherman, this minor incident escalates when the boy goes into a coma and his car is identified as the one involved, Add to this a DA who desperately needs to win the ethnic vote by prosecuting a rich white person and a journalist who, desperate to get off skid row, talks up the story with a series of sensationalist headlines that twist the truth. As these factors all come into play, Sherman's tidy, rich, world starts to crumble.Read more ›
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I remembered enjoying this movie when it came out on VHS. Was it worth watching again? Yes, it is entertaining but simplistic and the characters are shallow and poorly developed. Read morePublished 15 months ago by Peter
A few people have attempted to exonerate this rather tragic adaptation of Tom Wolfe's classic novel of 1980s New York and have explained their reasons. Read morePublished on Dec 12 2007 by Sam Findlay
I picked up this movie for only $1 at a local rummage sale without knowing anything about it. I have since watched my VHS copy so many times that it finally stopped playing. Read morePublished on April 16 2004 by R. Cecil
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Korean in Montreal
Korean: the language boasting 80 million speakers worldwide. South Korea has the fastest growing economy in northern Asia; and as their economy continues to grow, so does the language. While the country's enterprises look to international companies, businesspeople worldwide are learning Korean to break into this expanding market.
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If class A has two synchronized methods, say, methodA and methodB. If one thread is accessing methodA, can another thread access methodB? According to my understanding, when accessing methodA, the thread get lock of the object, the other thread shouldn't be able to access methodB at the same time. But this will downgrade the performance a lot, right? And, I seemed used to read one article that says the other thread can access methodB. Which one is correct?


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text: $6.4 million contract award for continued sub-megawatt solid oxide fuel cell power plant development On-site biogas powered solid oxide fuel cell power plant demonstration at a dairy farm DANBURY, Conn., Oct. 9, 2013 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- FuelCell Energy, Inc. (Nasdaq:FCEL), a global leader in the design, manufacture, operation and service of ultra-clean, efficient and reliable fuel cell power plants, today announced two updates regarding the development and commercialization of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology including a $6.4 million cost shared cooperative agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to continue research and development on a demonstration sub-megawatt SOFC power plant. Separately, a DOE supported project to convert agricultural waste into renewable power utilizing an SOFC power plant is preparing for operation at a dairy farm in California in conjunction with the project partner TDA Research, Inc. "We have a multi-faceted strategy for the commercialization of our solid oxide fuel cell technology including future coal syngas opportunities under a U.S. Department of Energy program as well as adjacent market opportunities to our existing markets including sub megawatt commercial building and wastewater treatment plant applications," said Chip Bottone, President and Chief Executive Officer. "We are evaluating potential partnerships for the commercialization of the technology including discussions with organizations in North America, Asia and Europe." "We believe our technology is well suited for the market with industry-leading electrical efficiency of approximately 60 percent plus usable heat for combined heat and power applications, resulting in total estimated thermal efficiency between 80 and 85 percent. The technology is also fuel flexible, with the ability to utilize coal syngas, clean natural gas, on-site renewable biogas or directed biogas," said Tony Leo, Vice President Application Engineering & Advanced Technology Development, FuelCell Energy, Inc. "We have increased the size and power density of the individual fuel cells, which is critical to high volume manufacturing of an economically competitive product as we enhance the technology and prepare for commercialization." Prev 0 of 2 Next


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Health Information Center
Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs. Hyperthyroidism is sometimes called thyrotoxicosis, the technical term for too much thyroid hormone in the blood. Thyroid hormones circulate throughout the body in the bloodstream and act on virtually every tissue and cell in the body. Hyperthyroidism causes many of the body's functions to speed up. About 1 percent of the U.S. population has hyperthyroidism.1
1Golden SH, Robinson KA, Saldanha I, et al. Prevalence and incidence of endocrine and metabolic disorders in the United States: a comprehensive review. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism. 2009;94(6):1853–1878.
The thyroid is a 2-inch-long, butterfly-shaped gland weighing less than 1 ounce. Located in the front of the neck below the larynx, or voice box, it has two lobes, one on each side of the windpipe. The thyroid is one of the glands that make up the endocrine system. The glands of the endocrine system produce, store, and release hormones into the bloodstream. The hormones then travel through the body and direct the activity of the body's cells.
The thyroid gland makes two thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). T3 is made from T4 and is the more active hormone, directly affecting the tissues. Thyroid hormones affect metabolism, brain development, breathing, heart and nervous system functions, body temperature, muscle strength, skin dryness, menstrual cycles, weight, and cholesterol levels.
The thyroid's production of thyroid hormones—T3 and T4—is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is made by the pituitary gland.
Thyroid hormone production is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is made by the pituitary gland in the brain. When thyroid hormone levels in the blood are low, the pituitary releases more TSH. When thyroid hormone levels are high, the pituitary responds by decreasing TSH production.
Hyperthyroidism has several causes, including
Rarely, hyperthyroidism is caused by a pituitary adenoma, which is a noncancerous tumor of the pituitary gland. In this case, hyperthyroidism is due to too much TSH.
Graves' disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in the United States. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder. Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, viruses, and other potentially harmful foreign substances. But in autoimmune diseases, the immune system attacks the body's own cells and organs.
With Graves' disease, the immune system makes an antibody called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) that attaches to thyroid cells. TSI mimics the action of TSH and stimulates the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone.
More information is provided in the NIDDK health topic, Graves' disease.
Thyroid nodules, also called adenomas, are lumps in the thyroid. Thyroid nodules are common and usually noncancerous. About 3 to 7 percent of the U.S. population has them.2 However, nodules may become overactive and produce too much hormone.
A single overactive nodule is called a toxic adenoma. Multiple overactive nodules are called toxic multinodular goiter. Often found in older adults, toxic multinodular goiter can produce a large amount of excess thyroid hormone.
Thyroiditis is an inflammation of the thyroid that causes stored thyroid hormone to leak out of the thyroid gland. At first, the leakage raises hormone levels in the blood, leading to hyperthyroidism that lasts for 1 or 2 months. Most people then develop hypothyroidism—when thyroid hormone levels are too low—before the thyroid is completely healed.
Several types of thyroiditis can cause hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism:
The thyroid uses iodine to make thyroid hormone, so the amount of iodine consumed influences the amount of thyroid hormone the thyroid makes. In some people, consuming large amounts of iodine may cause the thyroid to make excess thyroid hormone.
Sometimes significant amounts of iodine are contained in medications—such as amiodarone, which is used to treat heart problems—or in supplements containing seaweed. Some cough syrups also contain large amounts of iodine. See Eating, Diet, and Nutrition for more information on iodine.
Some people who take synthetic thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism may take too much. People who take synthetic thyroid hormone should see their health care provider at least once a year to have their thyroid hormone levels checked and follow the health care provider's instructions about the dosage.
Some other medications may also interact with synthetic thyroid hormone to raise hormone levels in the blood. People who take synthetic thyroid hormone should ask their health care provider about interactions when starting new medications.
2Gharib H, Papini E, Paschke R, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and European Thyroid Association medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules. Endocrine Practice. 2010;16(s1)1–43.
Hyperthyroidism has many symptoms that can vary from person to person. Some common symptoms of hyperthyroidism are
Women are two to 10 times more likely than men to develop hyperthyroidism.1 Certain factors can increase the chances of developing thyroid disorders. People may need more regular testing if they
Getting tested routinely helps uncover thyroid problems—especially subclinical problems. Subclinical means a person has no apparent symptoms. Some health care providers treat subclinical hyperthyroidism immediately. Others prefer to leave it untreated but monitor their patients for signs that the condition is worsening.
Hyperthyroidism is more common in people older than age 60 and is often caused by thyroid nodules. Older adults do not always display the more common symptoms of the disorder. For this reason hyperthyroidism in this age group is sometimes misdiagnosed as depression or dementia—loss of intellectual abilities, sometimes with emotional disturbance and personality changes.
For example, older adults with hyperthyroidism may seem disinterested or withdraw socially. Older adults with hyperthyroidism may lose their appetites, whereas younger people with the condition tend to have increased appetites. Older adults may also have different physical symptoms and may be more at risk from subclinical hyperthyroidism than younger patients.
For people older than age 60, subclinical hyperthyroidism increases their chance of developing a rapid, irregular heartbeat, a condition known as atrial fibrillation, which may lead to heart failure or stroke. Untreated hyperthyroidism can also speed the bone-thinning disease osteoporosis, particularly in women, and increase the likelihood of bone fractures.
Hyperthyroidism. During pregnancy, hyperthyroidism is usually caused by Graves' disease and occurs in about one of every 500 pregnancies.3 Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism raises the chance of miscarriage, preterm delivery, and preeclampsia—a dangerous rise in blood pressure in late pregnancy.
Hyperthyroidism in a newborn can result in rapid heart rate, which can lead to heart failure; early closure of the soft spot in the skull; poor weight gain; irritability; and sometimes an enlarged thyroid that can press against the windpipe and interfere with breathing.
Women with Graves' disease and their newborns should be closely monitored by their health care team. Women with hyperthyroidism should discuss their condition with their health care provider before becoming pregnant.
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism may be difficult to assess during pregnancy. Normally, the thyroid gland gets bigger in healthy women when they become pregnant. That normal enlargement, combined with fatigue, makes a new thyroid problem easy to miss. A rapid and irregular heartbeat, a slight tremor, and unexplained weight loss or failure to have normal pregnancy weight gain are signs that hyperthyroidism could be developing.
Postpartum thyroiditis. This inflammation of the thyroid gland affects about 4 to 10 percent of women in the first year after giving birth.4 Postpartum thyroiditis causes hyperthyroidism that usually lasts for 1 to 2 months and is believed to be an autoimmune condition.
Women with postpartum thyroiditis often develop hypothyroidism before the thyroid gland is completely healed. The condition is likely to recur with future pregnancies.
Postpartum thyroiditis sometimes goes undiagnosed because the symptoms are mistaken for postpartum blues—the exhaustion and moodiness that sometimes follow delivery. If symptoms of fatigue and lethargy do not go away within a few months or a woman develops postpartum depression, she should talk with her health care provider. She may have developed a permanent thyroid condition and will need to take medication.
More information is provided in the NIDDK health topic, Pregnancy and Thyroid Disease.
3Komal PS, Mestman JH. Graves hyperthyroidism and pregnancy: a clinical update. Endocrine Practice. 2010;16(1):118–129.
4Ogunyemi DA. Autoimmune thyroid disease and pregnancy. emedicine website. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/261913-overview. Updated March 12, 2012. Accessed April 10, 2012.
Many symptoms of hyperthyroidism are the same as those of other diseases, so hyperthyroidism usually cannot be diagnosed based on symptoms alone. With suspected hyperthyroidism, health care providers take a medical history and perform a thorough physical exam. Health care providers may then use several blood tests, such as the following, to confirm a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and find its cause:
TSH test. The ultrasensitive TSH test is usually the first test a health care provider performs. This test detects even tiny amounts of TSH in the blood and is the most accurate measure of thyroid activity available. The TSH test is especially useful in detecting mild hyperthyroidism. Generally, a TSH reading below normal means a person has hyperthyroidism and a reading above normal means a person has hypothyroidism.
Health care providers may conduct additional tests to help confirm the diagnosis or determine the cause of hyperthyroidism.
T3 and T4 test. This test shows the levels of T3 and T4 in the blood. With hyperthyroidism, the levels of one or both of these hormones in the blood are higher than normal.
Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) test. This test, also called a thyroidstimulating antibody test, measures the level of TSI in the blood. Most people with Graves' disease have this antibody, but people whose hyperthyroidism is caused by other conditions do not.
Radioactive iodine uptake test. The radioactive iodine uptake test measures the amount of iodine the thyroid collects from the bloodstream. Measuring the amount of iodine in a person's thyroid helps the health care provider determine what is causing a person's hyperthyroidism. For example, low levels of iodine uptake might be a sign of thyroiditis, whereas high levels could indicate Graves' disease.
Thyroid scan. A thyroid scan shows how and where iodine is distributed in the thyroid. The images of nodules and other possible irregularities help the health care provider diagnose the cause of a person's hyperthyroidism.
More information is provided in the NIDDK health topic, Thyroid Tests.
Health care providers treat hyperthyroidism with medications, radioiodine therapy, or thyroid surgery. The aim of treatment is to bring thyroid hormone levels to a normal state, thus preventing long-term complications, and to relieve uncomfortable symptoms. No single treatment works for everyone.
Treatment depends on the cause of hyperthyroidism and how severe it is. When choosing a treatment, health care providers consider a patient's age, possible allergies to or side effects of the medications, other conditions such as pregnancy or heart disease, and the availability of an experienced thyroid surgeon.
Finding the right specialist for treatment is an important first step. Some professional societies, listed under For More Information, and endocrinology departments in local teaching hospitals can provide the names of local specialists.
Beta blockers. Health care providers may prescribe a medication called a beta blocker to reduce symptoms until other treatments take effect. Beta blockers act quickly to relieve many of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as tremors, rapid heartbeat, and nervousness, but do not stop thyroid hormone production. Most people feel better within hours of taking these medications.
Antithyroid medications. Antithyroid therapy is the easiest way to treat hyperthyroidism. Antithyroid medications interfere with thyroid hormone production but don't usually have permanent results. Antithyroid medications are not used to treat thyroiditis.
Once treatment with antithyroid medications begins, thyroid hormone levels may not move into the normal range for several weeks or months. The average treatment time is about 1 to 2 years, but treatment can continue for many years.
Antithyroid medications can cause side effects in some people, including
Stop your antithyroid medication and call your health care provider right away if you develop any of the following while taking antithyroid medications:
In the United States, health care providers prescribe the antithyroid medication methimazole (Tapazole, Northyx) for most types of hyperthyroidism.
Antithyroid medications and pregnancy. Because pregnant and breastfeeding women cannot receive radioiodine therapy, they are usually treated with an antithyroid medication instead. However, experts agree that women in their first trimester of pregnancy should not take methimazole due to the rare occurrence of damage to the fetus. Another antithyroid medication, propylthiouracil (PTU), is available for women in this stage of pregnancy or for women who are allergic to or intolerant of methimazole and have no other treatment options.
Health care providers may prescribe PTU for the first trimester of pregnancy and switch to methimazole for the second and third trimesters. Some women are able to stop taking antithyroid medications in the last 4 to 8 weeks of pregnancy due to the remission of hyperthyroidism that occurs during pregnancy. However these women should continue to be monitored for recurrence of thyroid problems following delivery.
Studies have shown that mothers taking antithyroid medications may safely breastfeed. However, they should take only moderate doses, less than 10−20 milligrams daily, of the antithyroid medication methimazole. Doses should be divided and taken after feedings, and the infants should be monitored for side effects.4
Women requiring higher doses of the antithyroid medication to control hyperthyroidism should not breastfeed.
Radioactive iodine-131 is a common and effective treatment for hyperthyroidism. In radioiodine therapy, patients take radioactive iodine-131 by mouth. Because the thyroid gland collects iodine to make thyroid hormone, it will collect the radioactive iodine from the bloodstream in the same way. The radioactive iodine gradually destroys the cells that make up the thyroid gland but does not affect other body tissues.
More than one round of radioiodine therapy may be needed to bring thyroid hormone production into the normal range. In the meantime, treatment with beta blockers can control symptoms.
Almost everyone who receives radioactive iodine treatment eventually develops hypothyroidism. But health care providers consider this an acceptable outcome because hypothyroidism is easier to treat and has fewer long-term complications than hyperthyroidism. People who develop hypothyroidism must take synthetic thyroid hormone.
Radioiodine and pregnancy. Although iodine-131 is not known to cause birth defects or infertility, radioiodine therapy is not used in pregnant women or women who are breastfeeding. Radioactive iodine can be harmful to the fetus' thyroid and can be passed from mother to child in breast milk. Experts recommend that women wait a year after treatment before becoming pregnant.
The least-used treatment is surgery to remove part or most of the thyroid gland. Sometimes surgery may be used to treat
Before surgery, the health care provider may prescribe antithyroid medications to temporarily bring a patient's thyroid hormone levels into the normal range. This presurgical treatment prevents a condition called thyroid storm—a sudden, severe worsening of symptoms—that can occur when hyperthyroid patients have general anesthesia.
When part of the thyroid is removed—as a treatment for toxic nodules, for example—thyroid hormone levels may return to normal. But some surgical patients may still develop hypothyroidism and need to take synthetic thyroxine, a medication that is identical to the hormone, T4, made by the thyroid. If the entire thyroid is removed, lifelong thyroid hormone medication is necessary. After surgery, health care providers will continue to monitor patients' thyroid hormone levels.
Although uncommon, certain problems can occur in thyroid surgery. The parathyroid glands can be damaged because they are located very close to the thyroid. These glands help control calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. Damage to the laryngeal nerve, also located close to the thyroid, can lead to voice changes or breathing problems. But when surgery is performed by an experienced surgeon, less than 1 percent of patients have permanent complications.5 People who need help finding a surgeon can contact one of the organizations listed under For More Information.
5Yeung SJ, Habra MA, Chiu AC. Graves disease. emedicine website. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/120619-overview. Updated September 30, 2011. Accessed April 10, 2012.
Experts recommend that people eat a balanced diet to obtain most nutrients. More information about diet and nutrition is provided by the National Agricultural Library at www.nutrition.gov.
Iodine is an essential mineral for the thyroid. However, people with autoimmune thyroid disease may be sensitive to harmful side effects from iodine. Taking iodine drops or eating foods containing large amounts of iodine—such as seaweed, dulse, or kelp—may cause or worsen hyperthyroidism. More information about iodine is provided by the National Library of Medicine in the fact sheet, Iodine in diet, available at www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus.
Women need more iodine when they are pregnant—about 250 micrograms a day—because the baby gets iodine from the mother's diet. In the United States, about 7 percent of pregnant women may not get enough iodine in their diet or through prenatal vitamins.6 Choosing iodized salt—salt supplemented with iodine—over plain salt and prenatal vitamins containing iodine will ensure this need is met.
To help ensure coordinated and safe care, people should discuss their use of dietary supplements, such as iodine, with their health care provider. Tips for talking with health care providers are available through the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health.
6Zimmerman MB. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy and the effects of maternal iodine supplementation on the offspring: a review. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2009;89(2):668S–672S.
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and other components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct and support research into many diseases and conditions.
What are clinical trials, and are they right for you?Clinical trials are part of clinical research and at the heart of all medical advances. Clinical trials look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat disease. Researchers also use clinical trials to look at other aspects of care, such as improving the quality of life for people with chronic illnesses. Find out if clinical trials are right for you.
What clinical trials are open?Clinical trials that are currently open and are recruiting can be viewed at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.
This information may contain content about medications and, when taken as prescribed, the conditions they treat. When prepared, this content included the most current information available. For updates or for questions about any medications, contact the U.S. Food and Drug Administration toll-free at 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332) or visit www.fda.gov. Consult your health care provider for more information.
The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this document are used only because they are considered necessary in the context of the information provided. If a product is not mentioned, the omission does not mean or imply that the product is unsatisfactory.
This content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), part of the National Institutes of Health. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings through its clearinghouses and education programs to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts.
The NIDDK would like to thank:Lewis Braverman, M.D., Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center; Leonard Wartofsky, M.D., M.A.C.P., Washington Hospital Center; Nicholas J. Sarlis, M.D., NIDDK; Nabeel Babar, M.D., NIDDK; The National Eye Institute, NIH
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August 2012
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