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Black rose (symbolism)
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Black roses are symbols featured in fiction with many different meanings and titles such as black velvet rose, black magic, barkarole, black beauty, Tuscany superb, black jade, and baccara. The roses commonly called black roses are technically a very dark shade of red, purple or maroon. The color of a rose may be deepened by placing a dark rose in a vase of water mixed with black ink. Other black roses may be blackened by other methods such as burning.
The black rose is a rarely used symbol of the anarchist movement.
Black Rose Books is the name of the Montreal anarchist publisher and small press imprint headed by the libertarian-municipalist/anarchist Dimitrios Roussopoulos. One of the two anarchist bookshops in Sydney is Black Rose Books which has existed in various guises since 1982.
The Black Rose was the title of a respected journal of anarchist ideas published in the Boston area during the 1970s, as well as the name of an anarchist lecture series addressed by notable anarchist and libertarian socialists (including Murray Bookchin and Noam Chomsky) into the 1990s.
Pop culture[edit]
- In the Night World series, the black rose is the symbol for made vampires, as opposed to the black iris for lamia (or born vampires).
- In Revenge (Season 2, Episode 18), black roses are a symbol for dying love.
- According to the soundtrack released by Nintendo Power, "The Black Rose" is the title for the background music in the fifth level of Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem.
- In Phantom of the Opera it symbolizes extreme and undying love.
- In the Babylon 5 episode "Passing Through Gethsemane", a black rose is given to a monk as a symbol of death, and later placed in the mouth of a murdered woman.
- In MTV Splitsvilla's seventh season, black roses are given to girls to eliminate them from the show.
- "Black Roses" was a song on British pop singer Charli XCX's debut studio album True Romance.
- Black Rose: A Rock Legend was a 1979 album by Thin Lizzy.
- In J.D. Souther's song "White Rhythm and Blues," black roses, along with white rhythm and blues and "somebody who cares when you lose," represent the quixotic needs of the singer in order to be happy.
- In the YelaWolf song "Empty Bottles," the hook contains a reference to black roses.
- In Voltage Inc.'s visual novel romance app, Butler Until Midnight, the black rose is said to represent "You are mine."
- In Game of Thrones season 6 episode 7, a black rose on parchment is secretly handed by Margaery to her grandmother to forewarn potential danger
- Wilkins, Eithne. The rose-garden game; a tradition of beads and flowers, [New York] Herder and Herder, 1969.


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A new generation of management tools.
The possibilities for increased competitiveness lie in the uncertain factors - and see them early.
The Lichtenberg Principle can be used to handle these factors in a detailed, controlled and scientifically manner.
This Principle is a fundamental tool in Engineering Economy:
Misunderstandings and insufficient information between these two parties are avoided using the Successive principle. It further qualifies the plan and related budget.
The Lichtenberg Principle takes advantage of intelligence and intuition as a strategic management tool.
Case of the month
They have all been completed without unforeseen delays. However the principle has even been instrumental in bringing delayed projects back on track. One such strategically important project was delayed half-way through by approx. 6 months. Using the Successive Principle crash opportunities were identified and the project finished on time.
Read IT projects om time
About Dr. Steen Lichtenberg


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Trouble Is My Business
Trouble Is My Business
Vintage Crime/Black Lizard, Paperback, 9780394757643, 224pp.
Publication Date: August 12, 1988
In the four long stories in this collection, Marlowe is hired to protect a rich old guy from a gold digger, runs afoul of crooked politicos, gets a line on some stolen jewels with a reward attached, and stumbles across a murder victim who may have been an extortionist.
"Raymond Chandler is a master." --The New York Times
"[Chandler] wrote as if pain hurt and life mattered." --The New Yorker
"Chandler seems to have created the culminating American hero: wised up, hopeful, thoughtful, adventurous, sentimental, cynical and rebellious." --Robert B. Parker, The New York Times Book Review
"Philip Marlowe remains the quintessential urban private eye." --Los Angeles Times
"Nobody can write like Chandler on his home turf, not even Faulkner. . . . An original. . . . A great artist." —The Boston Book Review
"Raymond Chandler was one of the finest prose writers of the twentieth century. . . . Age does not wither Chandler's prose. . . . He wrote like an angel." --Literary Review
"[T]he prose rises to heights of unselfconscious eloquence, and we realize with a jolt of excitement that we are in the presence of not a mere action tale teller, but a stylist, a writer with a vision." --Joyce Carol Oates, The New York Review of Books
"Chandler wrote like a slumming angel and invested the sun-blinded streets of Los Angeles with a romantic presence." —Ross Macdonald
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"Raymond Chandler invented a new way of talking about America, and America has never looked the same to us since." --Paul Auster
"[Chandler]'s the perfect novelist for our times. He takes us into a different world, a world that's like ours, but isn't. " --Carolyn See


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E. Coli O157:H7 Population Reduction from Alfalfa Seeds with Malic Acid and Thiamine Dilauryl Sulfate and Quality Evaluation of the Resulting Sprouts
Version of Record online: 6 FEB 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02553.x
© 2012 Institute of Food Technologists®
Journal of Food Science
Volume 77, Issue 2, pages M121–M126, February 2012
Additional Information
How to Cite
Fransisca, L., Park, H. K. and Feng, H. (2012), E. Coli O157:H7 Population Reduction from Alfalfa Seeds with Malic Acid and Thiamine Dilauryl Sulfate and Quality Evaluation of the Resulting Sprouts. Journal of Food Science, 77: M121–M126. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02553.x
Publication History
- Issue online: 17 FEB 2012
- Version of Record online: 6 FEB 2012
- MS 20110734 Submitted 6/16/2011, Accepted 11/16/2011.
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- alfalfa sprout;
- E. coli;
- malic acid;
- surfactant;
- thiamine dilauryl sulfate
Abstract: It has been reported that washing seeds with a 20000 ppm Ca(OCl)2 solution as recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is unable to eliminate E. coli cells attached to seed surfaces, and the bacterial cells that have survived a sanitation wash can proliferate during sprouting to a high population. The objectives of this research were to examine the efficacy of malic acid (MA) and thiamine dilauryl sulfate (TDS) combined treatments on the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds, to study the growth of the remaining E. coli cells during sprouting, and to evaluate the sprout quality. When 10 g of inoculated alfalfa seeds were washed in a 10% MA-1% TDS solution, a complete elimination of E. coli was achieved. The same result was observed by washing the seeds in a 20000 ppm Ca(OCl)2 solution. However, when the seed size was increased to 50 g while maintaining the same seed-to-sanitizer ratio, both the MA + TDS and the 20000 ppm chlorine washes failed to completely inactivate the E. coli cells on the seeds. Nevertheless, the 10% MA-1% TDS solution was significantly more effective in E. coli count reduction compared to the 20000 ppm chlorine wash. The E. coli O157:H7 cells remaining on the seeds after treatments with both sanitizers grew up to 7 to 8 log CFU/g sprout after 96 h of sprouting. Under the treatment conditions used in this study, none of the treatments resulted in significant differences in germination rate, yield, or quality of the sprouts.
Practical Application: The malic acid (MA) and thiamine dilauryl sulfate (TDS) combined treatment may provide a new solution to secure the microbial safety of seeds and sprouts. An important finding of this study is that seed sample size has a significant impact on the inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 on alfalfa seeds. The microbial inactivation results obtained in a laboratory set-up cannot be directly applied to a large scale operation. A validation test on the large scale has to be performed to evaluate the efficacy of the sanitizer.


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The Fisher-Price DC Super Friends Batman Ride 2 Scoot starts off as a ride-on toy for toddlers and easily converts into a four-wheeled scooter for preschoolers. In either mode, kids can listen to Batman sound effects and phrases whenever they press the red button on the front.
This will engage young Batman fans in lots of imaginative play as they ride or scoot around and pretend to take on the bad guys just like the Caped Crusader. It's also a nice way to help toddlers with gross motor skills and introduce preschoolers to riding a scooter.
The Fisher-Price DC Super Friends Batman Ride 2 Scoot is for ages 1-4. The maximum weight limit is 44 pounds.
Two AA batteries are included for the in-store try-me features, and it's recommended that you replace them before you play for best results.
Adult assembly is required, and while we didn't have any trouble putting it together, we found that you really have to pay attention to the written instructions and the pictures, otherwise it can be confusing. You'll also need a screwdriver and a hammer, which are not included.
This riding toy has two volume levels, and kids can also ride with the sound off.
When kids are riding, it's always recommended that they wear protective gear and have adult supervision.
2 AA batteries required
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Adam SerwerOct. 6, 2011 10:11 AM
Reuters' Mark Hosenball has an amazing story about the process by which US citizens suspected of terrorism are placed on the government's secret "kill list." (The list famously included extremist cleric Anwar al-Awlaki before he was killed in Yemen.) Hosenball received two basic narratives about how the process works, one in which the president has to personally approve someone being placed on the list, and one in which someone is removed from the list only if the president objects:
They said targeting recommendations are drawn up by a committee of mid-level National Security Council and agency officials. Their recommendations are then sent to the panel of NSC "principals," meaning Cabinet secretaries and intelligence unit chiefs, for approval. The panel of principals could have different memberships when considering different operational issues, they said.
They said targeting recommendations are drawn up by a committee of mid-level National Security Council and agency officials. Their recommendations are then sent to the panel of NSC "principals," meaning Cabinet secretaries and intelligence unit chiefs, for approval. The panel of principals could have different memberships when considering different operational issues, they said.
[Read more]
Nick BaumannOct. 6, 2011 9:45 AM
You—the public—once essentially owned the Sergei Prokofiev classic Peter and the Wolf. You could play it for your friends and charge admission. You could remix it with other music. You could write a book called Peter and the Wolf and Zombies. You didn't have to worry about getting sued because the work was in the public domain.
Then, in 1994, Congress suddenly snatched Peter and the Wolf and millions of other works out of the public domain. The move was part of a deal to secure broader copyright protection for American works in foreign countries. (Not that it worked very well: As anyone who has ever been there knows, it's not exactly hard to find DVDs of newly released Hollywood movies on the streets of Moscow.)
On Wednesday, the Supreme Court heard oral arguments in Golan v. Holder, a case that addresses whether it was constitutional for Congress to remove Peter and the Wolf and other works from the public domain. The case was brought by University of Denver professor Lawrence Golan, a conductor who loves Peter and the Wolf but can no longer afford the fees the copyright holders charge for the sheet music. I listened to David Bowie's narration of Peter and the Wolf (something that may have not even been created if Peter and the Wolf hadn't been in the public domain at the time) about 100 times growing up, so the prospect of not being able to take my children to see a live performance of the piece is a real bummer.
Tim MurphyOct. 6, 2011 9:35 AM
Via Pew, this chart sort of speaks for itself. Support for the nation's biggest institutions (you can add in the media, if you want) have very steadily declined over the last four decades. When you add in a horrible economy, it's really no surprise why so many people have taken to the streets to protest over the last three years:
Courtesy of Pew Research
Oct. 6, 2011 5:57 AM
Staff Sgt. Bill Cenna prepares to move a patient on a litter while an HH-60G Pavehawk lands during training Sept. 21, 2011, at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska. The training focused on quick-care under fire and also gave training to Baker Company, 3rd Platoon, 509th Infantry Regiment (Airborne) on how to react when pararescuemen arrive. Cena is a 212th Rescue Squadron pararescueman. (US Air Force photo/Staff Sgt. Zachary Wolf)
Josh HarkinsonOct. 5, 2011 7:05 PM
For years, China has artificially deflated the value of its currency by some 40 percent, a huge export subsidy that cripples American manufacturers. "Chinese currency manipulation is the single biggest reason why so many Americans are still jobless," says Peter Morici, a University of Maryland business professor and former chief economist with the US International Trade Commission. Eliminating the practice, economists estimate, would boost American exports by $125 billion a year and create 900,000 US jobs. "The Chinese have figured out that this advantages them even though it's unfair," Morici says. "And they are not going to change it until we take action."
Congress seems to agree. A bipartisan majority in the Senate has agreed to vote as early as today on the Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Act of 2011, a bill that would require the Treasury Department to do more to address foreign currency manipulation. Similar legislation in the House, the Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act, has an unprecedented 225 cosponsors, including 61 Republicans. But despite bipartisan will to tackle the problem, House Speaker John Boehner has shown no sign that he'll let the bill come up for a vote. "I think it's pretty dangerous for us to move legislation in the United States Congress forcing someone to deal with the value of their currency," Boehner said on Tuesday. "This is well beyond what I think Congress ought to be doing."
Tim MurphyOct. 5, 2011 1:25 PM
Rep. Eric Cantor (R-Va.) is getting his own super-PAC.
If you're a running for national office in 2012, there are a few things you need to do: 1.) Do not hire Mark Penn; 2.) Don't tell your base that they "don't have a heart" (they won't like it); 3.) Set up a nominally independent super-PAC—preferably with a longtime ally at the helm—dedicated to raising corporate cash and spending it on your behalf. Since 2009's Citizens United decision, independent super-PACs, which can raise unlimited sums and spend it as they please—provided they don't communicate with any candidate—are all but required for serious candidates. Rick Perry has two of them, for instance.
And now, National Journal's Chris Frates reports that House Majority Leader Eric Cantor has gotten in the game, too—paving the way for a spot on 2012 ticket:
The PAC will be run by Cantor's deputy chief of staff John Murray and would give Cantor a vehicle he could use to run for vice president, should the opportunity arise, said a source close to the majority leader's office, who asked not to be named because the source was not authorized to speak publicly. Murray's departure from Cantor's office is imminent, the source said.
The PAC will be run by Cantor's deputy chief of staff John Murray and would give Cantor a vehicle he could use to run for vice president, should the opportunity arise, said a source close to the majority leader's office, who asked not to be named because the source was not authorized to speak publicly. Murray's departure from Cantor's office is imminent, the source said.
Cantor was floated as a potential vice presidential pick in 2008, but one year later a McCain aide called those reports a "complete and total joke." He was briefly mentioned as 2012 presidential candidate (mainly because he was raising a lot of money), but shot down those rumors. He has not endorsed a candidate yet, although he had publicly urged Rep. Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) to run.
Stephanie MencimerOct. 5, 2011 1:20 PM
Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas is under fire from Democrats and liberal advocacy groups who contend that he may have violated the Ethics in Government Act by failing to disclose the sources of income for his wife Virginia Thomas. Places like the Heritage Foundation, which has been a vocal opponent of the Obama health care reform law, were paying Virginia Thomas large amounts of money during the years that her husband reported she had no income. (The health care law, of course, is likely to come before the Supreme Court in the next year.)
Initially, the liberal watchdog group Common Cause estimated that Virginia Thomas had made about $700,000 in the years her husband was claiming she made nothing. But the group has recently come up with new figures showing Virginia Thomas actually earned around $1.6 million—more than twice as much as the original estimate. That's a decent chunk of change the Thomas family was earning from a party with an interest in what could be one of the court's biggest cases in years.
Thomas has amended his disclosure forms to correct the omissions and has claimed that he misunderstood how to fill out the forms. But Common Cause noticed that Thomas had actually filled the forms out properly for many years before he suddenly stopped recording his wife's employers. "There is now more than enough evidence to merit a formal inquiry as to whether Justice Thomas willfully failed to make legally required disclosures, perhaps for as long as 13 years," Common Cause president Bob Edgar said in a statement. "Given that we now know he correctly completed the reports in prior years, it's hardly plausible—indeed it's close to unbelievable—that Justice Thomas did not understand the instructions."
Common Cause provides a breakdown of the missing income here: Courtesy Common Cause
Siddhartha MahantaOct. 5, 2011 1:00 PM
Former child soldiers in the Congo.
Late last year, the Obama administration quietly waived restrictions on military aid to Chad, Yemen, Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)—four countries with records of actively recruiting child soldiers. Those restrictions were a key part of 2008's Child Soldiers Prevention Act (CSPA)—a law that was co-sponsored by then-Senator Obama—which requires that such assistance be yanked for countries that recruit soldiers under the age of 15.
The waivers angered human rights advocates, who were blindsided by the announcement. So the White House promptly deployed Samantha Power, the National Security Council's human rights czar, to smooth things over via conference call. The Obama administration's argument: The four offending countries hadn't had time to comply with the law. Power also explained that the waivers would only be in effect for one year. "Our judgment was to brand them, name them, shame them, and then try to leverage assistance in a fashion to make this work," Power said.
Andy KrollOct. 5, 2011 12:50 PM
GOP presidential candidate Newt Gingrich.
Republican presidential candidate Newt Gingrich has no problem with flying solo. After his campaign imploded this summer, with the departure of his longtime spokesman, campaign manager, and key aides around the country, Gingrich took it in stride, forging on with his thin, debt-ridden campaign. On Monday, Gingrich promised to bring that go-it-alone mentality should he win the White House in 2012. (RealClearPolitics' average polling data shows Gingrich mired in fifth place, with 9.2 percent of support. Mitt Romney leads with 22 percent.)
At a gathering of the Conservative Club of Des Moines, Gingrich said he wouldn't make the mistake of surrounding himself with sharp-elbowed, opinionated economic advisers offering conflicting advice—a criticism leveled at President Obama, most clearly in Ron Suskind's book Confidence Men. Here's what Gingrich said, as quoted by Huffington Post's Michael J. Hunt:
Calling the President "the best food stamp president ever," Gingrich didn't hesitate to take further jabs at Obama by saying that he "won't need to rely on [Treasury Secretary] Timothy Geithner or [former White House economic adviser] Larry Summers for counsel when I am president," and said "the best economic advisor I'll have is me." This statement seemed to resonate with the audience members.
Calling the President "the best food stamp president ever," Gingrich didn't hesitate to take further jabs at Obama by saying that he "won't need to rely on [Treasury Secretary] Timothy Geithner or [former White House economic adviser] Larry Summers for counsel when I am president," and said "the best economic advisor I'll have is me." This statement seemed to resonate with the audience members.
This, of course, is the same Gingrich whose campaign racked up $1 million in debt in a short period of time (and is still paying it off), and the same Gingrich who, in 1993 as House speaker, slammed President Bill Clinton's budget, which raised taxes, as a job-killer and a big step down the road to recession. Of course, the opposite happened: Thanks in part to Clinton's policies, the US economy added 21 million jobs during his spell as president. The economy soared through the 1990s. Gingrich got it wrong.
Gingrich, you could say, is promising the opposite of what Reagan preached. After all, it was Reagan who described his leadership style thusly: "Surround yourself with the best people you can find, delegate authority, and don't interfere." Surely Gingrich—a history buff and a Reagan lover if there ever was one—must know that defying the Gipper is no way to win the GOP presidential nod.
Stephanie MencimerOct. 5, 2011 11:37 AM
Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas.
This October marks the 20th anniversary of the infamous confirmation hearings of Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, in which he almost didn't make it to the high court due to allegations that he'd sexually harassed Anita Hill at the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. House Democrats would apparently like to commemorate this event by subjecting Thomas to a new round of hearings on the Hill. On the steps of the Supreme Court this morning, Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D-OR), Rep. Louise Slaughter (D-NY) and others held a press conference calling on the House Judiciary Committee to hold hearings investigating some of Thomas's alleged ethical lapses. These include allegations that he failed to disclose at least $1.6 million in income earned by his wife Virginia, who worked for the conservative Heritage Foundation and has been an active opponent of the Obama health care law. Thomas has also been accused of taking unreported free trips on a corporate jet and a yacht from real estate magnate Harlan Crow.
Blumenauer wrote to the House Judiciary committee members:
"Reports of potential ethical lapses by Justice Thomas's actions give rise to concerns about conflicts of interest undermining appellants' rights of due process and also raise substantive questions about Justice Thomas's ability to retain his seat. We urge that your committee hold hearings regarding the nature of these questions, their factual basis, and their potential to undermine the public's trust in the Supreme Court."
"Reports of potential ethical lapses by Justice Thomas's actions give rise to concerns about conflicts of interest undermining appellants' rights of due process and also raise substantive questions about Justice Thomas's ability to retain his seat. We urge that your committee hold hearings regarding the nature of these questions, their factual basis, and their potential to undermine the public's trust in the Supreme Court."
The request comes on the heels of demands by 19 House members that the US Judicial Conference, which oversees the federal courts, ask the Justice Department to investigate Thomas's alleged violations of the Ethics in Government Act for all of the omissions on his financial disclosure forms. Thomas has said it was simply an oversight and that he misunderstood how to fill out the forms. He has since amended the forms to include the missing income. (In a statement, Slaughter has dismissed his explanation saying, "To believe that Justice Thomas didn't know how to fill out a basic disclosure form is absurd.")
None of the congressional grandstanding is likely to amount to much, given how difficult it is to remove a sitting Supreme Court justice from the bench. Besides, House Republicans would have to agree to any hearing on Thomas's conduct, and that's never going to happen. But liberal activists and their partners in Congress aren't necessarily looking for Thomas to step down. They want him to recuse himself from voting on the Obama health care reform law that the court is likely to hear before the next presidential election. Of course, conservatives are doing the same thing. They're waging a concerted campaign to pressure new Justice Elena Kagan to also recuse herself from the health care case based on her service in the Obama administration as solicitor general. In the end, both justices will probably ignore all the background noise. But the fight will certainly make for interesting political theater along the way.
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Author of Lean Change Management ( www.leanchange.org ) and Agile Transformation Live Lessons ( www.agiletransformation.ca )
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common co-morbid condition in schizophrenia, associated with poor prognosis. However, the prevalence of obsessive compulsive symptomatology (OCS) and its relationship to outcome has not been evaluated in adolescents at ultra high-risk for psychosis (UHR).
Sixty-four UHR and 26 non-prodromal comparison (NPC) youth were ascertained using the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS). Participants completed diagnostic interviews and the Padua Inventory (Sanavio, 1988), a self-report measure of OCS.
UHR youth reported significantly higher rates of OCS on the Padua Inventory compared to NPC youth. Clinical diagnosis of OCD (20% of sample) was associated with lower risk of conversion to psychosis over the follow-up period, but was unrelated to clinical severity or psychosocial functioning. However, dimensional ratings of OCS were significantly associated with positive symptom severity, self-reported depression, and a trend toward increased suicidal ideation within the UHR sample.
OCS rates in UHR youth are well above estimated prevalence rates in normal populations, and commensurate with rates of comorbidity observed in schizophrenia. Although clinical diagnosis of OCD was not associated with later conversion to psychosis, OCS severity in UHR youth was associated with more acute symptomatic presentation, including more severe depression and suicidality.
The link between obsessive-compulsive symptomatology and psychosis has been noted since the early 20th century (Gordon, 1926; Stengel, 1945). Prevalence rates for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as high as 30% have been reported in schizophrenia populations (Byerly et al., 2005), as compared to 1.2-2.4% in the normal population (Foa et al., 1995). Further, a substantial proportion of individuals with schizophrenia report clinically significant obsessive or compulsive symptoms (Bermanzohn, 1999), which may appear early in the developmental course of the illness (Eisen et al., 1997).
Persistent obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) also appear to be a powerful predictor of poorer course and outcome in individuals with psychotic illness (Fenton and McGlashan, 1986). OCS in schizophrenia have been associated with poorer cognitive functioning, particularly on measures tapping prefrontal cortical integrity (Berman et al., 1998), as well as increased levels of depression (Poyurovsky et al., 2001), more severe negative symptoms (Nechmad et al., 2003), poorer social functioning (Poyurovsky et al., 2001), and higher rates of hospitalization (Samuel et al., 1993).
There are several possible explanations as to why OCD and schizophrenia might be integrally related. For example, one disorder could present as a prodrome of the other or one disorder might cause the other (Bottas et al., 2005). Additionally, some researchers (Tibbo and Warneke, 1999) have postulated that the development of OCS in schizophrenia may be associated with effects of atypical antipsychotic medications on serotonergic sites associated with basal ganglia functioning, suggesting that OCS may be the consequence of treatment for some individuals with schizophrenia rather than an aspect of the disorder itself.
In order to explore the potential role of OC symptoms in the developmental period preceding psychosis onset, this study aims to investigate the presentation and effects of OCS on clinical course in youth who are putatively prodromal for psychosis. The prevalence of OC symptoms in this sample and their relationship to diagnostic outcome were explored both categorically, using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (First et al., 2002), as well as dimensionally, using a quantitative self-report measure of OC symptom severity, the Padua Inventory (Sanavio, 1988). The associations between OC symptomatology, clinical symptom severity, psychosocial functioning, and medication treatment history were examined to determine if OCS have a notable impact upon clinical course in UHR youth or affect subsequent diagnostic outcome. Finally, we describe OC symptoms that have been observed within this adolescent sample in order to illustrate the manner in which such symptoms may manifest during the prodromal period.
Participants were 64 UHR youth and 26 non-prodromal comparison (NPC) youth, between the ages of 12-22, enrolled in an ongoing investigation of adolescents at high clinical risk for developing psychosis. UHR youth were referred by local mental health providers or school staff, or were self-referred in response to advertisements or the CAPPS website. NPC youth were recruited from a community sample via advertising and were age matched to the UHR sample. Participants completed follow-up assessments 11 months [Mean (±SD) = 10.93 (10.71)], on average, after initial ascertainment. Table 1 provides details on demographics, clinical presentation, and medication use at the time of assessment.
Participants were screened with the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes [SIPS, (McGlashan, 2001)] for the presence of one of three prodromal syndromes, based on attenuated subthreshold psychotic symptoms, transient psychotic symptoms, or a substantial drop in social/role functioning in conjunction with a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder or presence of a first-degree relative with a psychotic disorder. UHR participants were excluded if they met DSM-IV (1994) criteria for an Axis I schizophrenia-spectrum diagnosis based upon SCID-I/P (First et al., 2002) interview. NPC youth did not meet DSM-IV criteria for a psychiatric disorder as determined by SCID-I/P interview, have a first-degree family history of a psychotic disorder, or meet criteria for any of the three prodromal states defined above. Additional exclusion criteria for all participants included the presence of a neurological disorder, drug or alcohol abuse or dependence within the past 6 months, or Full Scale IQ below 70. All interviews were conducted by M.A. or Ph.D. level psychologists who had participated in an in-depth "gold-standard" training program regarding the administration and scoring of the SIPS (Miller et al., 2003) and SCID-I/P (Ventura et al., 1998). Detailed information on recruitment, inclusion criteria, inter-rater reliability, and case consensus procedures are described elsewhere (Meyer et al., 2005). All participants completed informed consent or assent for the study and were compensated for their participation in all assessments. Parental informed consent for minors was also obtained. Study protocol and informed consent procedures were approved by the UCLA Institutional Review Board.
In addition to completing the SIPS and SCID-I/P diagnostic interviews, participants were asked to complete the Padua Inventory [PI, (Sanavio, 1988)], a 60-item self-report questionnaire assessing common obsessions and compulsions in different areas of routine daily function. Ratings are based upon the degree of disturbance, from 0 (Not at all Disturbing) to 4-points (Very Much Disturbing). Participants' responses on the PI were grouped, based upon a factor analysis of the PI in normal youth (Sternberger and Burns, 1990), to yield a Total score and four Factor scores: Mental Control (F1) assesses difficulty controlling undesirable thoughts, decision making, and rumination; Contamination (F2) assesses concerns about dirt and germs as well as repetitive cleaning behaviors; Checking (F3) assesses repetitive checking behaviors; and Motor Control (F4) assesses urges or worries about losing control of one's own behavior in response to thoughts or impulses.
PI Total and Factor scores were examined in relation to concurrent clinical and psychosocial measures. The SIPS Positive and Negative Symptom scales were used as indicators of clinical symptom severity. The SIPS Positive Symptom scale assesses unusual thought content, suspiciousness, perceptual disturbances/hallucinations, grandiosity, and disorganized communication. Symptoms of anhedonia, avolition, flat affect, decreased role functioning, and decreased verbal comprehension/ abstraction are captured by the SIPS Negative Symptom scale. The Global Functioning Social [GFS, (Auther et al., 2006)] and Global Functioning Role [GFR, (Niendam et al., 2006)] scales provide clinician-rated assessments of social and work/school functioning, respectively, on two 10-point Likert scales, which are scored independently of symptom severity (Cornblatt et al., 2007). Severity of participants' current depression and suicidality were assessed by clinician ratings on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale [BPRS, (Lukoff et al., 1986)] as well as participant self-reported depression on the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI, (Beck et al., 1988)]. UHR participants were considered "converted to psychosis" if they received a diagnosis of a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder, mood disorder with psychotic features or Psychosis NOS at follow-up.
All analyses were conducted using SPSS12.0 software (2003, Chicago, IL). Data were checked for significant departures from normality. Due to significant skew in the distribution of Padua Inventory Total and Index Scores as well as the BDI Total Score, a square root transformation was used to improve normality for these variables. The demographic variables of age, gender, and parental education were examined to determine if these variables showed a significant relationship to DSM-IV OCD diagnosis or PI Total score. If a significant relationship was found between a demographic variable and a variable of interest, that demographic variable was then entered as a covariate in subsequent analyses. Due to the number of comparisons, we adopted a more conservative threshold for significance, with alpha set at p<0.01.
To provide a categorical analysis of OC symptom severity, information gathered from the SCID-I/P interview was used to calculate rates of DSM-IV OCD diagnoses within the sample. Youth who were rated as having clinically significant obsessions or compulsions without meeting full DSM-IV criteria for OCD (i.e. met SCID-I/P threshold criteria for all symptoms within the obsession OR compulsion subsection and experienced signification distress or impairment) were categorized as 'subthreshold OCD' and were included within the OCD+ group for the purposes of this analysis. Chi-square analysis was utilized to examine differences in rates of conversion to psychosis for OCD+ and OCD- UHR participants. Differences between groups with regard to history of hospitalization, as well as current or past use of atypical antipsychotic and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications, were also examined. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare UHR youth with (OCD+) and without (OCD-) diagnoses on measures of symptom severity on the normalized Padua Inventory (Total Score), SIPS, BPRS, normalized BDI, GSF, and GRF, after controlling for the effects of demographic variables.
To assess the effects of OC symptoms from a dimensional perspective, PI Total and Index Scores were compared across UHR and NPC youth using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). In the presence of a significant overall main effect of group on the PI Total Score, post-hoc ANCOVA were used to examine differences between UHR and NPC youth on the PI Total and Index scores. ANCOVA was also used to examine whether PI Total score severity differed as a function of history of psychiatric hospitalization, current or past use of atypical antipsychotic medications, current or past use of SSRI medications, or conversion to psychosis over the follow-up period. Partial correlations, controlling for the effects of demographic variables, were used to examine the relationship between Padua Total score and clinical symptoms (SIPS Positive and Negative symptoms, BPRS Depression and Suicidality, BDI Total Score) and current psychosocial functioning (GFS, GFR) within the UHR sample.
Sixty-four UHR and 26 NPC youth completed the SCID interview. Forty-nine (77%) of the UHR and 21 (81%) of the NPC youth completed the Padua Inventory. While 4% of PI non-completers discontinued the study before finishing their questionnaires, 18% of non-completers failed to complete the Padua despite completion of other study procedures. However, completers and non-completers of the Padua Inventory did not differ on any demographic variables. The rates of Padua non-completion did not differ significantly between the NPC, OCD+ and OCD- groups [χ2(2, n=90)=0.70, p=0.71]. Four OCD+ adolescents in the UHR sample did not complete the PI during their participation in the study. However, these UHR individuals did not differ significantly from the remaining UHR participants who did complete the PI on any demographic, clinical, or psychosocial variables of interest (p>0.19 for all comparisons).
Across the whole sample, the normalized PI Total score did not significantly differ based on parental education [Completed college vs. Less than college, F(1,67)=0.58, p=0.45] or gender [39% female; F(1, 68)=0.14, p=0.71]. However, the normalized PI Total score was negatively associated with age [r=-0.23, p=0.058]; thus, age was entered as a covariate in subsequent analyses. Within the UHR group, the rate of OCD diagnosis did not differ as a function of age [F(1, 62)=2.30, p=0.14], parental education [χ2(1, n=61)=2.65, p=0.10], or gender [χ2(1, n=64)=0.35, p=0.56].
Twenty percent (n=13) of the UHR participants were coded as OCD+, with 14% (n=9) receiving a DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD and 6% (n=4) considered subthreshold OCD. Notably, there was a trend toward difference in rates of conversion to psychosis, as none of the OCD+ youth converted to psychosis over the 11 month, on average, follow-up period [χ2(1, n=64)=3.39, p=0.06; Conversion rate=0% in OCD+ group vs. 22% in OCD- group]. However, OCD+ youth did not differ significantly from OCD- youth on any measures of clinical symptom severity, psychosocial functioning, treatment with atypical antipsychotic or SSRI medication, or rates of hospitalization (p>0.13 for all comparisons).
As shown in Figure 1, ANCOVA revealed significant differences between the three participant groups on the normalized PI Total score [F(2, 66)=8.30, p=0.001] after controlling for the effects of age. While PI Total Score did not significantly differ between the OCD+ (n=9) and OCD-(n=40) groups [F(1,46)=0.15, p=0.71], the PI Total score for each UHR group differed significantly from NPC youth [NPC (n=21) vs. OCD+, F(1,27)=15.10, p=0.001; NPC vs. OCD-, F(1,58)=15.71, p<0.001], suggesting that UHR youth, as a whole, reported more OCS than their demographically matched peers.
As the OCD+ and OCD- groups did not differ significantly on the normalized PI Total or Index scores (p>0.13 for all comparisons), they were combined into one UHR group for analysis of the four Index scores. Post-hoc examination of the normalized PI Index scores revealed that UHR participants, after controlling for age, reported significantly more OC symptoms related to Mental Control [UHR mean(SD)=15.04(13.86) vs NPC mean(SD)=2.14(2.39); F(1,67)=21.86, p<0.001], Checking [UHR mean(SD)=4.82(5.91) vs NPC mean(SD)=0.90(1.30); F(1, 67)=10.98, p=0.001] and Motor Control [UHR mean(SD)=2.61(3.84) vs NPC mean (SD)=0.29(0.64); F(1, 67)=10.78, p=0.002] when compared to NPC participants. However, no significant difference between UHR and NPC youth was noted on the Contamination Factor [UHR mean(SD)=8.24(8.04) vs. NPC mean(SD)=4.57(5.24); F(1, 67)=2.63, p=0.11].
After controlling for the effects of age, normalized PI Total score showed a significant association with severity of SIPS Positive Symptoms [r=0.40, p=0.005] and a trend association with SIPS Negative Symptoms [r=0.26 p=0.08] within the UHR sample. Furthermore, PI Total Score was significantly associated with increased self-reported symptoms of depression on the BDI [r=0.63, p<0.001] and a trend association with clinician-rated level of suicidality [BPRS Suicidality, r=0.32, p=0.04] for UHR individuals. Within the UHR sample, PI Total Score was not associated with clinician-rated level of depression [BPRS Depression, r=0.18, p=0.25] or current psychosocial functioning [GFS, r=-0. 04, p=0.80; GFR, r=-0.02, p=0.92] after controlling for age. UHR participants' PI Total Score also did not differ significantly based upon history of hospitalization [F(1,47)=0.21, p=0.65], conversion to psychosis [F(1,47)=0.02, p=0.88], use of atypical antipsychotic treatment [AA Current F(1,47)= 0.20, p=0.66; AA Past F(1,47)=0.76, p=0.39], or use of SSRI medication [SSRI Current F(1,47)= 0.59, p=0.45; SSRI Past F(1,47)=0.30, p=0.58].
Consistent with prior studies of first-episode and chronic schizophrenia, this study reveals a high rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder in UHR youth (14-20%), when compared to the prevalence of 1-2% in the general population. Previous studies have suggested that OC symptoms may precede the onset of psychosis (Eisen et al., 1997), and our findings highlight that significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms can present as part of the prodromal picture in youth that are at clinical high-risk for psychosis. However, when examined from a DSM-IV categorical perspective, UHR youth meeting full or subthreshold OCD criteria did not differ from UHR participants without OCD on measures of clinical symptoms, psychosocial functioning, rates of hospitalization, or use of atypical antipsychotic or SSRI medication. While several studies have noted an association between co-morbid OCD and poorer course and outcome in schizophrenia (Berman et al., 1998; Eisen et al., 1997; Nechmad et al., 2003; Poyurovsky et al., 2001; Tibbo et al., 2000), our findings suggest that a diagnosis of OCD in the prodromal period is not clearly associated with such poor outcomes.
Of greatest interest, none of the UHR youth with DSM diagnoses of OCD in this sample converted to full-blown psychotic illness. This result suggests that OCD may not represent a prodrome to psychosis per se and such UHR individuals with significant OCD symptoms may in fact represent a subset of false-positives over the follow-up period. However, a proportion of individuals within this sample have not progressed through the period of highest risk, which is the initial 12 months after ascertainment (Yung et al., 2004), and some OCD+ individuals in this sample may convert to psychosis over a longer follow-up period. the risk for conversion declines progressively after the first year (Cannon et al., 2008), only a small proportion of this sample would be expected to convert after the 12 month follow-up. Nevertheless, replication of these findings in larger samples and long-term follow-up of UHR OCD+ individuals are needed to confirm these findings.
In contrast, when the effects of obsessive-compulsive symptoms were examined from a dimensional perspective via the Padua Inventory, results showed that UHR youth overall endorse a significant number of OC symptoms on the Padua Inventory when compared to normal youth, albeit at a level below that which is typically reported by individuals with OCD (Sternberger and Burns, 1990). Irrespective of OCD diagnosis, UHR adolescents reported significant concerns related to various aspects of OC symptomatology at ascertainment, including difficulty controlling their thoughts, repetitive checking behaviors, and worries about losing control of their behavior in response to thoughts or impulses. While severity of self-reported OC symptoms on the Padua Inventory was significantly associated with increased clinical severity, including level of depression and suicidality as well as increased severity of positive and negative symptoms, OC symptoms were not associated with increased rates of subsequent conversion to psychosis, rates of hospitalization, medication use, or impaired psychosocial functioning.
Preliminary follow-up data collected from 31 UHR individuals within 19 months, on average, after ascertainment (SD=10.55, Range = 4-34 months) suggest that self-reported OCS on the Padua Inventory remained stable over time (r=0.66, p<0.001) irrespective of DSM diagnosis of OCD. While this pattern of stability was observed for UHR individuals that did not convert (N=25, r=.69, p<0.001), this association was not significant for the small sample of UHR individuals that converted over the follow-up period (N=6, r=0.54, p=0.27). Irrespective of conversion, UHR participants tended to show a decline in self-reported OCS over the follow-up period [UHR Non-converters Baseline PI Total Mean(SD)= 42.76 (33.84), Follow-up PI Total Mean(SD)= 27.00 (28.00); UHR Converters Baseline PI Total Mean(SD)= 47.50 (30.19), Follow-up PI Total Mean(SD)= 38.33 (23.61)]. Therefore, it remains unclear whether the persistence of self-reported OCS over time may be associated with changes that contribute to conversion. Precise examination of the temporal course OCS in relation to prodromal symptomatology in larger samples is required to fully understand the role that OCS may play in relationship to other symptoms over the course of the prodromal period. Furthermore, the effects of psychosocial treatment on OCS and prodromal symptom severity should be examined in future analyses.
Overall, the current findings demonstrate that the experience of OC symptoms by UHR youth at the point of identification can contribute to higher rates of self-reported distress, which may exacerbate depression and subthreshold psychotic symptoms or increase risk for suicide. However, it is important to note that data for the Padua Inventory were missing for 4 of the 13 OCD+ individuals which further limited statistical power. While our use of the Padua Inventory allowed us to ascertain important information on OC symptoms through a brief self-report questionnaire format, future studies should include detailed interviews of such symptoms (e.g. YBOCS, (Goodman et al., 1989) as they are more commonly used in studies of OCD symptomatology in the United States.
A variety of OC symptoms were described by the UHR youth within our sample. A qualitative analysis of participant reports revealed that OC symptoms in adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis manifest in two ways, either as being related or unrelated to sub-psychotic symptomatology. During the SCID interview, a subset of UHR youth (n=10) within our sample reported "classic" OC symptoms that were unrelated to their subthreshold psychotic symptoms, such as fears of contamination associated with repetitive hand washing (n=3) or compulsive behaviors like counting, organizing or checking rituals (n=7). In contrast, a separate set of UHR youth (n=3) described OC symptoms that were tied to their sub-psychotic beliefs; for example, one UHR participant reported compulsive checking behaviors that were associated with paranoid fears, such as a need to compulsively check the house for camera or recording devices. Similarly, one UHR individual reported compulsive behaviors associated with delusional thinking, such as a need to inflict pain on themselves in response to sub-psychotic beliefs that they are guilty and deserve punishment. These examples illustrate the symptomatic complexity that is present in youth who demonstrate early clinical risk indicators for psychosis. OC symptoms were only rated on the SIPS if they were closely tied with psychotic or sub-psychotic ideation, which was the case for a small minority of participants (n=3). Therefore, the association between self-reported OCS on the Padua and higher levels of SIPS positive symptoms in this investigation likely reflects a true relationship between the severity of OCS and prodromal symptoms, rather than an artifact of assessment methodology.
While we did not find that the presence of OC symptoms was clearly associated with higher risk of later conversion to psychosis, these symptoms were associated with reports of increased distress and suicidal ideation. Thus, it is important to assess for subthreshold psychotic-like symptoms in youth who present with clinically significant obsessive-compulsive symptoms in order to understand the complete clinical picture and determine the most appropriate form of treatment.
We found substantially higher rates of OCD in UHR youth relative to the general population. Yet, our results also demonstrate that the dimensional view of OC symptoms assessed by the Padua Inventory may capture aspects of symptom severity that can be obscured when looking through the categorical lens of the DSM-IV. While the presence of OC symptoms was not associated with diagnostic outcome in UHR youth, such symptoms appear to contribute significantly to the experience of significant psychological distress in these individuals. Furthermore, these findings highlight that it is essential for clinicians to fully explore the symptom picture when presented with a youth who is reporting OC symptoms, as subthreshold psychotic symptoms may be lingering underneath, thereby contributing to increased clinical and functional impairment.
The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions to this project: Cindy Akin, M.A., Rachel Loewy, Ph.D., Sabrina Lux, Stephanie Meyer, Ph.D., Jennifer Johnson, Ph.D., Adrienne Gallet, Sandra DeSilva, Ph.D., and Jamie Zinberg, M.A.
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PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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- PADDY POWER - 6/1 Dartmouth to win King George VI & QE Stakes
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Man Utd v QPR Odds: Reds a short price to pile the pressure on Hughes
QPR manager Mark Hughes was hoping one of his former clubs could do him a huge favour on Saturday afternoon but he has been sacked even before he got to Old Trafford to take on Manchester United. The former Red Devils striker has been shown the door by QPR, who remain rooted to the bottom of the Premier League table after failing to win a since league match so far this term.
The bookies are in no doubt about the size of the task facing QPR though as they go in as 12/1 underdogs in the match odds with Ladbrokes, who go 11/2 that they can nick a draw. United start as 1/5 odds on favourites as Sir Alex Ferguson looks to enhance his team's title ambitions, while interim QPR boss Mark Bowen faces an unenviable opening match.
United are second in the table currently, despite a shock 1-0 defeat to Norwich last weekend, and they will be looking to get back to winning ways. A second string team has since lost 1-0 to Galatasary in the Champions League but the big guns are expected to return at Old Trafford on Saturday and Wayne Rooney will be relishing the opportunity to play QPR.
Rooney opened the scoring in both of the Man Utd v QPR fixtures last season and he is 10/3 to score first again this weekend. The Reds have made a habit of conceding first and coming from behind this season though and they have now conceded the first goal in each of their last four outings, with Ladbrokes going 4/1 for QPR to score first on Saturday.
QPR can at least get on the scoresheet on Saturday as United remain defensively suspect after failing to keep a clean sheet in any of their last nine outings in all competitions. Ladbrokes bookmakers go 11/10 for both teams to score and 7/4 for both teams to score and Man United to win combined, which could be worth a look as United have won 10 and lost none of their last 13 meetings with QPR.
Rangers go into the game on the back of an 11-match winless run in all competitions and the only win they have earned all season came in the Capital One Cup against Walsall. They find themselves five points adrift of safety at the bottom of the league and Harry Redknapp will face a tall task to turn things around when he takes over.
They fell to an embarrassing 3-1 home defeat to Southampton last weekend and the complete lack of desire shown by the team doesn't bode well. They were utterly woeful and it is no surprise to see that Man United are 11/10 to win with a handicap of -2 goals. United go into the game having won 12 and lost only one of their last 14 Premier League home games, while QPR have taken only three points from a possible 57 in away games in the top-flight.
Man Utd v QPR Form
Check the season's statistics for both Man Utd and QPR, plus the odds ahead of Saturday's match.
Man Utd v QPR Tips
Tip #1: Both teams to score and Man Utd win @ 7/4 with Ladbrokes.
Tip #2: Man Utd win with a handicap of -2 goals @ 11/10 with Ladbrokes.
Tip #3: QPR to score first @ 4/1 with Ladbrokes.
Man Utd v QPR Odds
Match Betting
1/5 Man Utd
11/2 Draw
Correct Score Odds
10/1 Man Utd 1-0
13/2 Man Utd 2-0
9/1 Man Utd 2-1
22/1 Draw 0-0
12/1 Draw 1-1
20/1 Draw 2-2
First Goalscorer Odds
5/2 Robin van Persie
10/3 Javier Hernandez
10/3 Wayne Rooney
4/1 Danny Welbeck
13/2 Nani
13/2 Ashley Young
8/1 Nick Powell
9/1 Antonia Valencia
10/1 Ryan Giggs
10/1 Paul Scholes
12/1 Djibril Cisse
12/1 Anderson
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Archive - Previous 5 Football Articles
Everton v Norwich Odds A close game on the cards at Goodison Park
Back Nikica Jelavic To Score The Opening Goal
|22nd Nov
Wigan v Reading Odds Tight Betting For DW Stadium Clash
Early Season Relegation Six Pointer On The Cards
|22nd Nov
Stoke City v Fulham Betting Potters to grab a draw against Cottagers
Dimitar Berbatov A Good Bet To Score First For The Visitors
|22nd Nov
Sunderland v West Brom Odds Odemwingie can fire Baggies to another win
Sunderland Have Won One Of Their Last Eight At Home
|22nd Nov
Benitez and Guardiola early front runners in the next Chelsea manager betting
Avram Grant An Interesting Outside Bet
|21st Nov
Headline News
Hold the door for Brann in this weekends football bankers treble
Norway's SK Brann Feature In A 7/2 Treble
Why Big Sam And England Are A Perfect Match
Sam Allardyce And England Are Made For One Another
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Occult Character Codex: Spiritualists (PFRPG)
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Letters from the Flaming Crab: Wheel of the Year (PFRPG) PDF
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Book of Divine Magic (PFRPG)
Purple Duck Games(based on 4 ratings)
Magic is not limited to the arcane castings of wizards. Divine magic is just as important, if not more so, in fantasy gaming. No adventuring party lasts long in battle without the healing powers of their clerics and the holy might of their paladins, or makes it far through the wilderness without the skills of their druids and rangers. And have you ever noticed how the most vile villains follow even more vile deities?
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The Print/PDF bundle works a bit differently than most products here at paizo.com. At checkout, you will immediately be charged the full bundle price, and you will immediately be given access to the PDF. When the print edition is shipped to you, you will be charged the shipping fee.
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Pathfinder's Mischievous Goblins Return to Wreak Havoc on Free RPG Day in New We B4 Goblins Module,
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Closing on Refi on Oct 16, (Closed & Funded! :))![ Edited ]
10-12-2012 01:40 PM - edited 10-23-2012 08:09 AM
My LO just notified me that my FHA refi will close on 10/16/12
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The Louisiana Teacher Leaders make up a group of over 5,000 outstanding educators from around the state who are focused on high expectations for students. This group was born out of three core beliefs:
Louisiana Teacher Leader Advisors are an exceptionally talented group of Teacher Leaders who play a critical role in ensuring that fellow educators across the state have access to high-quality curricula, on-going assessments and professional development. Teacher Leader Advisors participate in the Department's Instructional Materials Review process, produce units for ELA Guidebook 2.0, help create items for EAGLE, and develop and lead both virtual and in-person professional development for educators across Louisiana. Click here for a list of the 2016-2017 Teacher Leader Advisors.
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We stayed in a 2 bedroom suite. The rooms are a little on the small size, especially compared to other Hyatt House suites, but still comfortable. The hotel only has queen beds (i.e., no rooms have 2 beds in them). It has an indoor pool, hot tub and small gym. The rate does include breakfast, but I really wouldn't categorize it as a true full breakfast. Breakfast is about average (the eggs aren't that great - it appears they are made from powder).
The hotel is very close to a lot of businesses so if you're staying for vacation, there will be more noise Monday-Friday. Each bedroom and the living area has its own air conditioning unit, which can be loud, especially when they turn on.
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- The Hyatt House Chicago/Schaumburg is a luxury extended stay property located in the heart of Schaumburg. Surrounded by shopping, restaurants, and businesses, this hotel makes your stay comfortable and rewarding. Each guest will enjoy a complimentary hot breakfast with omelette station daily, managers reception Monday -Thursday from 5:30 p.m.-7p.m., where we serve complimentary beer, wine, soft drinks and appetizers. Our hotel also offers complimentary Wifi throughout the hotel and shuttle service within a 5 mile radius of the hotel. Some of the businesses, attractions, and restaurants that our hotel shuttle will transport to are Motorola, IBM, Zurich, Pepsi, Capital One, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Experian, Schneider Electric, Medieval Times, Gameworks, Legoland, Level257, Woodfield Mall, The Streets of Woodfield, IKEA, Weber Grill, Granite City Brewery, PF Chang, Cheesecake Factory, Wildfire, Season 52, Shaws Crabhouse, and Moretti's. ... more less
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International Journal of Employment Relations
"It is written clearly, broad in scope, and objective in its presentation of the issues, making it a successful candidate for adoption onto course reading lists from the student-learning perspective and because of the ease with which I expect it will blend into existing course structures. Academic readers of People with Disabilities will find it hard to not be more sensitized to the many opportunities where experiences of people with disabilities should and can be included easily into college curriculum, be it in economics, history, business, or engineering."
Linda Barrington, ILR Review: The Journal of Work and Policy