text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 4, 2008
|Filing date
|Jun 1, 2001
|Priority date
|Apr 23, 2001
|Fee status
|Publication number
|David C. Banks, Kreg A. Martin, Shunjia Yu, Jieming Zhu, Kevan K. Kwong
|Original Assignee
|Brocade Communications Systems, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (14), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (37), Classifications (12), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. � 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/286,046, entitled "Link Trunking and Measuring Link Latency in Fibre Channel Fabric," filed Apr. 23, 2001, the subject matter of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein. This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/135,615, also entitled "Link Trunking and Measuring Link Latency in Fibre Channel Fabric," filed Apr. 20, 2002.
A. Technical Field
This application relates generally to routing data traffic within a communication network system, and more particularly to trunking and managing data flow paths amongst switching devices within the communication network system.
B. Background of the Technical Field
As used herein, the term "fibre channel" refers to the Fibre Channel family of standards (developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)). In general, fibre channel defines a transmission medium based on a high speed communications interface for the transfer of large amounts of data via connections between a variety of hardware devices, including devices such as personal computers, workstations, mainframes, supercomputers and storage devices. Use of fibre channel is proliferating in many applications, particularly client/server applications which demand high bandwidth and low latency input/output (I/O). Examples of such applications include mass storage, medical and scientific imaging, multimedia communications, transaction processing, distributed computing and distributed database processing applications.
In one aspect of the fibre channel standard, the communication between devices is facilitated over a fabric. The fabric is typically constructed from one or more fibre channel switches and each device (or group of devices, for example, in the case of loops) is coupled to the fabric. Devices coupled to the fabric are capable of communicating with every other device coupled to the fabric.
When a communication network system includes a multi-switch Fibre Channel fabric, switches are typically coupled together by connecting their respective E_Ports to create the fabric and to enable frames to be carried between switches in order to configure and maintain the fabric. An E_Port on one (i.e., local) switch is a fabric expansion port which is communicatively coupled to another E_Port on a corresponding (i.e., remote) switch to create an Inter-Switch link (ISL) between adjacent switches. Frames with a destination, other than local to a switch or any other types of ports (i.e., N_Port or NL_Port) coupled to the local switch, exit the local switch passing through the E_Port. By contrast, frames that enter a switch through an E_Port travel to a destination local to the switch or to other destinations through another E_Port. Amongst the switches, the ISLs generally carry frames originating from a node port as well as those frames which are generated within the fabric. Additionally, ISLs are conventionally used by switches to transmit and receive frames amongst switches within the fabric, and will be understood by those skilled in the art to be point-to-point links amongst switches.
Due to limitations imposed by certain Fibre Channel protocol devices, frame traffic between a source device and a destination device must be delivered "in-order" within an exchange. Two examples of this include: protocol chips such as those used in host adapters and in storage arrays; and frames participating within a Fibre Channel exchange between a source device and a destination device. Such examples require "in-order" delivery of frames to maintain the cardinality of associated functions. The requirement for "in-order" delivery often results in frame routing techniques that entail fixed routing paths within a fabric. Although such fixed routes guarantee that all frames between source and destination ports are delivered "in-order," at least in the absence of topology changes internal to the fabric, the fixed routing paths are problematic for several reasons.
Firstly, certain traffic patterns in a fabric may cause all active routes to be allocated to certain available path(s), thereby creating a high probability for congestion through such available path(s). Given more than one path between a set of source ports and a set of destination ports, a portion of the "streams" would be allocated to each possible path. For purposes of discussion herein, a "stream" is defined as the data traffic between a single source and destination port pair. In certain combinations of streams that are active, the traffic load would be evenly distributed across the available paths, and the optimum performance (given the fabric topology) would be realized. If, however, a different collection of streams happened to be running simultaneously, a drawback arises in that all of the active streams can be allocated to a single one of the available paths, and the remaining paths would be unused. This results in a performance bottleneck, especially if the aggregation of the streams exceeded the capacity of one of the ISLs forming the path between source and destination ports.
Secondly, having traffic routed through a single available path or only certain ones of all available paths results in system inefficiency because other paths become underutilized.
Thirdly, the bandwidth of traffic flow is limited because only one path is or only a few paths are relied upon. It is noted that as the result of continuous advances in technology, particularly in the area of networking such as the Internet, there is an increasing demand for communications bandwidth. For example, there are many applications that require the high speed transmission of large amounts of data, including the transmission of images or video over the Internet, the transaction processing and video-conferencing implemented over a public telephone network, and the transmission of data over a telephone company's trunk lines. For these types of data intensive-applications to be implemented at a high rate of data transfer, high bandwidth is desirable.
What is needed is a manner in which: (1) to alleviate frame traffic congestion along particular ISLs; (2) to enable frame traffic to be evenly distributed across available ISLs so that all available paths are utilized; and (3) to improve the communications bandwidth through ISLs, all the while maintaining "in-order" delivery of frames.
The present invention includes a computer-implemented method, system and computer medium and other embodiments for distributing traffic load amongst a group of links communicatively coupling a pair of adjacent switches. A set of transmit and receive ports for the group are identified as trunkable ports. The trunkable transmit ports are associated with one of the switches and the trunkable receive ports are associated with the other of the switches in the pair. A pair of ports comprising a port from each switch is designated as the pair of trunk master ports. The traffic load received at the transmit ports are queued in correspondence with a trunk master port so that the traffic load can be routed across the trunked group. By doing so, the traffic load is distributed over the links in the trunked group in an evenly-distributed manner.
Advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will be apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims and equivalents.
A system, method, computer medium and other embodiments for link trunking and measuring link latency in a Fibre Channel fabric are described. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Some portions of the detailed description that follows are presented in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These algorithmic descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps (instructions) leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical, magnetic or optical signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared and otherwise manipulated. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. Furthermore, it has also proven convenient at times, to refer to certain arrangements of steps requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities as (modules) code devices, without loss of generality.
It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions utilizing terms such as "processing" or "computing" or "calculating" or determining" or "displaying" or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.
One aspect of the present invention includes an embodiment of the process steps and instructions described herein in the form of a computer program. Alternatively, the process steps and instructions of the present invention could be embodied in firmware or hardware, and when embodied in software, could be downloaded to reside on and be operated from different platforms used by real time network applications.
The present invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the operations herein. This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general-purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computer. Such a computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus. Furthermore, the computers referred to in the specification may include a single processor or may be architectures employing multiple processor designs for increased computing capability.
The algorithms and displays presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computer or other apparatus. Various general-purpose systems may also be used with programs in accordance with the teachings herein, or it may prove convenient to construct more specialized apparatus to perform the required method steps. The required structure for a variety of these systems will appear from the description below. In addition, the present invention is not described with reference to any particular programming language. It will be appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the present invention as described herein, and any references below to specific languages are provided for disclosure of enablement and best mode of the present invention.
The present invention is well-suited to a wide variety of computer network systems over numerous topologies, including storage area networking (SAN) systems. Within this field, the configuration and management of large networks comprise storage devices and computers, that are communicatively coupled to dissimilar computers and storage devices over a Fibre Channel topology.
Reference will now be made in detail to several described embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever practicable, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
A. Multi-Switch Fibre Channel Communication Network System
The fibre channel communication network system 100 comprises a fabric 110, and a plurality of devices 120, 122, 124, and/or groups of devices 134, 136 and 138 as indicated with respect to loop 130. In general, fabric 110 is coupled to the various devices 120, 122, and 124, and acts as a switching network to allow the devices to communicate with each other. Devices 120, 122, 124 may be any type of device, such as a computer or a peripheral, and are coupled to the fabric 110 using point-to-point topology. Fabric 110 is also in communication with logical loop 130. Loop 130 includes devices 134, 136 and 138, which help to form loop 130. In a preferred embodiment, the loop 130 comprises an arbitrated loop with ring connections for providing multiple nodes with the ability to arbitrate access to a shared bandwidth.
In the described embodiments to follow, fabric 110 can embody a fibre channel network 200 (also referred to herein interchangeably as "fabric 200") made up of one or more interconnected fibre channel switches 210-1,1 through 210-n,n, shown in the detailed block diagram of
As seen in
In one situation, if ISL 232 were to become inoperative (e.g., through hardware failure), frames originating from source 3, as shown in dotted lines, and destined for target 3 are routed through the path 280-1, 280-2, 230, 280-3, and 280-4. Because ISL 232 is inoperative, the frames from sources 1 and 3 must share part of the routing through ISL 230. The congestion along ISL 230 and the unused ISL 232 are problematic for the reasons already discussed. Furthermore, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the previously mentioned drawbacks associated with congestion over one or a few ISLs exists especially if the total number of ISLs is greater than the two (i.e., 230, 232) in this embodiment. In another situation, if traffic through ISL 230 results in heavy congestion thereon, while traffic on ISL 232 is very light, it would be ideal to balance the traffic load over ISLs 230, 232 so as to avoid ISL 232 being underutilized.
In another situation, congestion might occur even when ISL 232 is operational and there is no issue of inoperative hardware being present. To illustrate how trunking may be beneficial, an example will now be discussed focusing on congestion arising in a situation where the hardware is operational. In the example, the following assumptions are made: source 1 uses ISL 230 to reach target 1; source 2 uses ISL 232 to reach target 2; and source 3 uses ISL 230 to reach target 3. Without the use of trunking, the use of ISLs 230, 232 is fixed in order to ensure in-order delivery of frames. Congestion will arise in the following situation, where: the path from source 1 to target 1 is active; the path from source 3 to target 3 is active; and attempting transmission is undertaken at a rate which exceeds that of a single ISL 230. Essentially, transmission along ISL 230 will be throttled by the rate at which ISL 230 can transfer frames, thereby potentially resulting in congestion over ISL 230. Moreover, this congestion will occur even if there is no traffic from source 2 to target 2 in progress at the same time.
It is understood that the examples discussed herein are purely illustrative. For example, referring back to
In general, trunking treats a group of ISLs as a logical pipe. By doing so, frames received at one switch may be transmitted to an adjacent switch after being evenly dispensed over each of the ISLs within the trunked group, so that congestion over particular ISL(s) and underutilized ISL(s) are prevented. Trunking is beneficial for a number reasons. For example, it enables frame traffic to be evenly distributed across available ISLs while preserving in-order delivery. Ports 306 through 320 that belong to the trunked group 300 are referred to herein as trunking ports 306 through 320. At a minimum, only one of these trunking ports on each of switches 302, 304 (collectively a pair of ports) can be used to configure all routing paths for the entire trunked group 300. The particular port pair is referred to in the described embodiments as the Trunk Master ports (used interchangeably with "trunking master ports" herein). Each switch 302, 304 independently designates a particular port within itself as the trunking master port. For example, and according to one embodiment, the pair of Trunk Master ports 956, 966 may comprise those ports coupled to the same ISL 958 as shown in
B. Overview of Trunking at the Fabric Logic Level
During fabric initialization, one aspect of the present invention enables a pair of switches to agree on which set of links (ISLs) is to be combined into a trunked group through, by way of example, a firmware-driven process. Each switch then sets up its routing tables and Transmit (TX) Queuing logic 342 (used interchangeably with "queue 342") to cause the set of trunked transmit ports to use the frame queues 342 of only one of the transmit ports, namely that of the Trunk Master (transmit) port.
The routing table entries of all other ports in the switch are set up to send frames, destined for the trunked group, to the Trunk Master (transmit port). As frames are received from other ports, entries are placed in the list structures of the TX Queuing logic 342 for the Trunk Master (transmit) port. The TX Queuing logic 342 for all ports in the trunked group use the list structures from the Trunk Master (transmit) port to determine frame selection, that is, which frames to send, allowing each port in the trunked group to send any frames from the set of lists across any of the links in the trunk.
Conventionally, out-of-order delivery of frames between end-point source and destination ports can occur due to skew between links in a trunked group. Delivery of frames out of the originating order could also be caused by variations in service times for received frames in the Receive (RX) Queuing logic 350 at the receiving end of a trunked set of links. To avoid these effects, the trunking logic in the TX Queuing logic 342 includes a timer 346 that binds a particular list in the Trunk Master (transmit) port to a particular link in the trunked group for a time period sufficient to ensure "in-order" delivery across multiple links. In addition, switch 304 adds RX Queuing logic 350, including circuitry, to guarantee that frames across multiple ports are queued in the order in which they are received (although this is also subject to other port-to-port skew contributions that may be implemented in a receiving switch).
To determine the minimum amount of time required to bind a list to a link, the switch software determines the difference in latencies through multiple ISLs within a potential trunked group. A maximum inbound frame processing time differential between receiving ports can be determined, and this quantity is added in the group to obtain the magnitude of the total frame delivery skew between paths; an embodiment for doing so will be discussed subsequently in a discussion on calibrating the Deskew Timer Constant.
In the described embodiments, it is preferable that each fibre channel port on the switches include an independent copy of information preferably stored in a Deskew Time Constant (DTC) register. One embodiment for implementing the DTC register includes a 16 bit register with 8 bits used to represent the Deskew Time Constant, namely the number of clocks (e.g., at 106.25 MHz) for which the deskew timer runs. On those switches that include a programmable timeout constant register as part of the additional components 340, 348, the time during which a list is bound to a particular transmit port can be defined. There are several performance advantages for minimizing the link-to-link skew and allowing the binding time constant to be variable. For example, suppose a number of relatively large frames are available to be transmitted from the same queuing list at the same time. At some point, the first frame may begin transmission on one link. Subsequently, even though the first frame is in progress, a second frame may be transmitted across another link in the group after the binding timeout period expires. If the binding time is small, the delay between transmission of multiple frames from a given list across different links can be minimized, allowing the transmit queue to be drained that much more quickly, thereby relieving switch congestion more rapidly.
It will be understood that the timers 346 used by the TX Queuing logic 342 preferably have a maximum duration that limits the total cable-to-cable skew. Since the switch software can measure the link-to-link skew during initialization, it will also have the capability of ensuring that the maximum skew specification is not exceeded. If the difference in line lengths exceeds that supported by the trunking logic, the ISLs can still be used, but they cannot be combined into a trunked group.
It is preferable to ensure that all frames associated with a particular "stream" between a source and destination device go through the same lists in the queuing logic to maintain "in-order" delivery. To facilitate this aspect, the RX Queuing logic 350 also utilizes the concept of the Trunk Master port. However, in this case, as frames are received from trunked links, the RX Queuing logic 350 places the frames into lists as if they were all received from the Trunk Master (receive) port (e.g., one of 314-320 for switch 304). To preserve in-order delivery, all frames which must maintain ordering with respect to one another should be processed through a single list (e.g., queue) in the destination switch. Frames for which no ordering requirement is imposed (e.g., frames to different destination devices) may use separate lists, because the ordering does not need to be maintained in this situation.
By associating deskewing timers binding transmit lists to a physical port until the link skew is accommodated, all frames from a particular list will be delivered at the destination switch "in-order" across the set of trunked links (ISLs). Combining this aspect of binding transmit lists to a physical port with the consistent use of lists in the transmit and receive paths for frames which must remain "in-order" ensures the preservation of delivery order through the fabric.
Frames that arrive at switch 302 are placed into a logical queue 342 as previously discussed. In order to improve communication efficiency over the ISLs, the frames are dispersed evenly amongst the ISLs within the trunked group, with the restriction that a particular list in the Trunk Master transmit port is bound to a particular ISL for a time-period sufficient to enable all frames to arrive at the target switch 304 with "in-order" delivery. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the binding time (i.e., time delay) is a function of the difference in latency between ISLs, that is, the difference in time across the ISLs. By incorporating this delay at the transmitting switch, the actual total time required to traverse an ISL does not affect the order in which frames across different ISLs arrive at the destination switch.
For example, reference is made to
C. An Embodiment for Identifying and Initializing Trunkable Switches and Ports
The process of trunking in accordance with the present invention enables the even distribution of individual frames across a set of available paths (ISLs) while maintaining "in-order" delivery of frames. A trunkable switch is one that is capable of performing trunking operations to evenly distribute traffic across available ISLs, and as will be described subsequently, is communicatively coupled to an adjacent switch over ISLs that connect respective E_Ports which essentially communicate with the same speed (e.g., 2 Gbps).
1. General Fibre Channel Fabric Initialization
Referring to the sequence diagram of
In response to receiving the ELP SW_ILS, switch 2 (e.g., 304) can respond 404 with a result. The result may represent a number of situations. For example, one result may be a switch fabric internal link accept (SW_ACC) sequence to notify switch 1 of the completion of the SW_ILS request. Should the SW_ILS request be rejected by switch 2, switch 2 returns 404 a result in the nature of a switch fabric internal link service reject (SW_RJT) sequence to switch 1. When this situation occurs, it is an indication of either the command code not being recognized or switch 2 expecting to receive a SW_ACC from switch 1.
Following the successful completion of the ELP, the Link Reset Protocol (LRP) is performed 406 to initialize flow control parameters. The LRP generally entails several steps 408-412, the details of which will become evident by those skilled in the art of the fibre channel standard.
As previously mentioned, the present invention modifies the conventional fibre channel fabric initialization protocol previously described in
2. Fibre Channel Exchanges to Support Trunking
In order to enable trunking, it is preferable to add new SW_ILS into existing Fibre Channel protocols. Two exemplary SW_ILS's will now be described, namely Exchange Trunk Parameters (ETP) and Exchange Mark Timestamps (EMT), by way of example. In the discussions to follow, reference will be made to the particular implementation provided in Tables 1-3 by way of example only. It is noted that the present invention is not limited to the implementations of Tables 1-3, but will work suitably well with a variety of other parameters for ETP and EMT handling as well as other means of communicating required information.
A. Exchange Trunking Parameters (ETP)
In order to exchange potential trunked group information between two adjacent switches so that a mutually agreed set of ISLs can be trunked according to the trunking requirement, an Exchange Trunking Parameters (ETP) SW_ILS (used interchangeably with "ETP_request") is utilized. The Table 1 indicates exemplary parameters for the frame payload of an ETP_request. The frame header follows the standard fibre channel frame header requirements. The ETP_request includes the World Wide Name (WWN) of the port for the trunk master. This WWN indicates the trunked group that the port which is sending the ETP_request can potentially belong to.
ETP_request Payload
Size in bytes
Opcode: IE_ETP = 0x91000000
Trunking master port's port WWN
It is preferable that only the successful ELP SW_ILS originator sends out an ETP_request. If an ETP_request fails to be delivered or an acknowledgement (e.g., ACK) is not received in the timeout period for error detection, a retry can be attempted. By doing so, a determination may be made as to whether a port is trunkable with a trunk master port. For example, if a reject indicator (e.g., SW_RJT) is received, the ETP_request is preferably not attempted again (i.e., retried) on the particular port. Optionally, a reason code (e.g., SW_RJT with code 0x3 (SW_LOGICAL_ERROR)) and a new reason explanation of the state "cannot trunk as requested" (e.g., 0x30 (SW_CANT_TRUNK)) can be included. Otherwise, if the ETP_request is successfully completed, then a switch acceptance indicator is sent (e.g., SW_ACCEPT) as an acknowledgment. As will be described in more detail subsequently, one implementation for determining whether to send a reject indicator as an acceptance indicator can be based on a set of criteria used for determining whether an E_Port is trunkable with an existing trunk master port.
B. Exchange Mark Timestamp (EMT)
To accurately measure an ISL's deskew timer value, both switches 302, 304 communicatively coupled to the ISL should be involved. For example, one switch 302 sends the MARK primitive sequence, while the other switch 304 "clocks" the timer value when the sequence is received. An Exchange MARK Timestamp (EMT) SW_ILS (used interchangeably with "EMT_request") instruction is used to retrieve the closed timer value of the MARK primitive sequence. One embodiment for defining an EMT_request payload is indicated in Table 2 as follows.
EMT Request Payload
Size in bytes
opcode: IE_EMT = 0x900000
size of timestamp in payload
port0's WWN
other E-port connected to port 0's WWN
timestamp for port0
port1's WWN, if port1 is E-port
other E-port connected to port 1's WWN
timestamp for port1
port2's WWN, if port2 is E-port
other E-port connected to port 2's WWN
timestamp for port2
port3's WWN, if port3 is E-port
other E-port connected to port 3's WWN
timestamp for port3
A payload of an EMT_request preferably includes the EMT command code and MARK primitive timestamp for all E_ports connected to the same switch as the requesting port, and also satisfying the underlying hardware constraint for the ports to be trunkable with the requesting port. One retry of the EMT should be attempted after a first request fails to be delivered or is acknowledged (e.g., ACK). An attempt to retry the EMT_request should not be made if a reject (i.e., SW_RJT) is received.
The response to the EMT request comprises one of the following two types of responses. The first type of response is a reject (e.g., SW_RJT), which is typically accompanied by a reason code (e.g., SW_INVALID_COMMAND). This response will be received from a disabled trucking port. A second type of response indicates an acceptance (e.g., SW_ACC) of the playload. The following Table 3 illustratively lists one embodiment for the payload, the size of which may at a minimum be 24 bytes. A return payload includes those records of all ports that could potentially be trunkable with the port that received the EMT_request. For example, each record may be 20 bytes long, having the port WWN of both E_ports coupled to the ISL and a MARK timestamp.
EMT Accept Payload
Size in bytes
opcode: IE_ACC = 0x200000
size of timestamp in payload
port0's WWN
other E-port connected to port 0's WWN
timestamp for port0
port1's WWN, if port1 is E-port
other E-port connected to port 1's WWN
timestamp for port1
port2's WWN, if port2 is E-port
other E-port connected to port 2's WWN
timestamp for port2
port3's WWN, if port3 is E-port
other E-port connected to port 3's WWN
timestamp for port3
3. Determining Whether a Port is Trunkable
Reference is now made to
A. Determining Whether a Port is Configured as Trunkable
A switch performs an inquiry 504 as to whether the port is configured as a trunking port. In step 504, it will be appreciated that the configuration of a port as a trunking port may be performed by the system administrator.
B. Determining a Port Data Rate
Second, a determination must be made as to whether 506 the E_Port A runs at the same link speed (e.g., 2 Gbps, or 1 Gbps) as the trunk master of interest.
C. Determining the Underlying Hardware Constraints
Third, E_Port A must reside 508 in the same group of four ports within a chip as the trunking master port of interest. This inquiry 508 corresponds to the relationship between ISL ports. With this third inquiry 508, a determination is made as to whether the new E_Port resides on the same chip as the supporting trunked group. It should be noted that the chip and quantity of four ports discussed here are mentioned for illustrative purposes only and as a particular implementation by way of example; the present invention works suitably with other configurations. In this particular implementation, trunking is supported for ports within a single four port group of the switch at each end of a trunked group. Consequently, if four links (ISLs) are to be used as a trunked group, the four E_Ports in each switch (e.g., 302, 304) must all reside within the same ASIC for that switch.
D. Determining Link-To-Link Skew
Fourth, the "one way skew value" between all ports in a trunked group 300 must be within a predetermined range 510. Determination 510 is directed to whether the "one way skew value" between links (ISLs) is sufficiently small to enable the hardware implementation to accommodate the time differential when launching multiple frames across ISLs and in which "in-order" delivery must be maintained. The "one way skew" is the difference in time it takes for different links to send frames from switch to switch. For example, if one ISL takes 10 microseconds and another ISL takes 11 microseconds, then the skew between the two ISLs is 1 microsecond.
As will be described subsequently in more detail, a method for accurately measuring the ISL deskew time value in both the initiator and target switches involves MARK primitive sequences being launched simultaneously among potential trunkable ports between both switches. When the MARK primitive sequences are received by either side of the switch, timer values for the arrival of the sequences may be clocked so as to measure the link-to-link skew.
4. Process Flow of Identifying and Initializing Trunkable Initiator and Target E_Ports
The process of identifying and initializing trunking ports will now be further discussed post ELP SW_ILS 402 and 404 and prior to LRP 406, as per
Reference is now made to the flowchart of
As E_Ports are processed one at a time, it is reasonable to assume that the first E_initiator to execute sub-process 700, that is, the first E_initiator to complete ELP SW_ILS (e.g. E_Port 306) is a likely candidate to become a trunking master port, by itself. For example, a new E_initiator can be added to the list of trunking ports; a list may be used to keep track of those trunking ports (e.g., T_master), and initially, the list would be empty. As new E_Ports 308, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318 and 320 are added to the list of trunking ports, the size of the trunked group 300 is incrementally increased.
In order to obtain the link-to-link skew measurement, a MARK primitive sequence is sent 704 from all potential trunking ports (e.g., 306-312) at the same time to the ports 314-320 of target switch 304. Doing so enables the measurement of the "one way skew value" for all potential trunking ports to be obtained. When the target switch 304 receives the special MARK primitive sequences, a register (i.e., part of components 344) residing on switch 304 records or measures (i.e., clocks) the time. Subsequently in step 706, the MARK timestamp is obtained by using the method previously described wherein the new SW_ILS Exchange MARK Timestamp (EMT) is sent with the trunking target MARK timestamp, which is included in the payload. The EMT request is used to fetch the MARK timestamps for calculating the "one way skew values" measured by switch 302 for the use of switch 304. The EMT response generated by switch 304 contains the measurement obtained by switch 304, which is returned to switch 302 to enable switch 302 to determine the "one way skew value," as indicated in step 706.
At step 708, a determination is made as to whether any trunking master ports have already been established in the switch. If a trunking master port has already been established, then several inquiries are made so that "in-order" delivery of frames on the ISL is preserved, as will be described below with respect to the NO branch of 708. Otherwise, if no trunking master ports have been established on the switch, then the YES branch of 708 is invoked so that the new E_Port can be added to the switch's list of trunking master ports, as will also be discussed subsequently.
For each existing trunking master port, a determination is made as to whether the particular E_initiator can be trunked with an existing trunked group 502. In order to reach this determination, reference is made back to
If the conditions of step 502 are not satisfied, then the NO branch of determination 502 is undertaken. As an example, if a determination is made that the skew value is not within the predetermined range, then the NO branch is taken. It is noted that failure of any of the determinations 504, 506, 508 and 510 will generally lead to the Reject indicator 514 being produced, upon which the next trunk master 722 is queried at step 708.
Referring back to step 718, if the response to the ETP_request received is a Rejection, then the procedure will be initiated with other potential trunking master ports, as depicted by the NO branch of step 718 and the reference 722 to the next trunk master entry in
Referring back to step 708, if the entire list of trunking master ports have been examined and the E_initiator could not be combined into an existing trunked group, then the YES branch is undertaken so that the new E_Port can be added to a list of trunking master ports. Thereafter, an ETP_request is sent 726 from switch 302 to switch 304. When an acknowledgment (i.e., acceptance) is received 728 by switch 302 from switch 304, the E_initiator can become 730 the trunking master port by itself. If the acknowledgment is a Reject, then trunking will not be enabled for the port.
Adding E_initiator to the trunked group 720 associated with the particular trunking master port can be accomplished in a manner consistent with updating the entire trunked group. For example, based on the MARK timestamps obtained from the other port, the Deskew Timer Constant value may be calculated for each existing trunking port in the trunked group, and the entire trunked group may be updated, as indicated by the reference to process E in
Reference is now made to
Referring back to
Thereafter, for each ETP_request received 812 from switch 302 via step 716, several determinations are made according to the port trunkable 502 criteria of
Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims and equivalents.
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|Aug 28, 2008
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|Dec 7, 2011
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|Scheduling switching method for FC-AV (Fiber Channel-Audio Video) data
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|Synchronization after restart of fc switch
|U.S. Classification
|370/386, 370/394, 370/327, 370/388, 370/387
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 10, 2002
Owner name: BROCADE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIA
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|Maintenance fee reminder mailed


text:
imagen old and nice grandpa he got 5 sons and 4 daughters
every one of the sons got 5 sons
and every one of the daughters got 2 sons and 2 daygters
that means the granpa got 16+25=41 grandchildren...
=>on the 1(first) level he got 9people
=>on the 2(second) level he got 41people
and may be some of the children got sons or daughters too...in that case he will got a 3(third) level too...
in my asp files, there are no replay of names=every body got his original name wich no one esle have.
i enter to the database :
"first name" "fathers name"
i need to build some circulation function that counts how much levels granpa have and how much people he got on every level.
someone wrote/saw something like this before?
any help will help right now

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Reviewed By Chuck Achterhof A (Big Rapids, MI) Reviewed for a 2000 Cadillac Eldorado —4/5/2013 5:54 PM
They went on easily. The work very well
Reviewed By Simeon I (Elk Grove Village, IL) Reviewed for a 2006 Pontiac GTO —7/25/2016 6:36 AM
I changed my brake fluid to the STR660 prior to a track day at Road America. Drove 3 half hour sessions and had zero brake problems. The brake pedal maintained its height and firmness throughout the day. Would definitely use this fluid again.


text:
- Anonymous
- Wales, Male, 41+
- Novice Nomad
- 3 reviews
Generally fine, the room was rather shabby but the beds were comfortable and the bedding and towels clean. The en suite bathroom facilities were clean and worked - always hot water. There were renovations to rooms taking place with much noise after 8 am but this did not affect our stay since we were away early each day, anyway it was good to see investment in the facilities. Best aspect: staff were friendly and helpful; worst aspect: online order was for a double room, actually twin room.
Hostelworld Mobile Apps
Book on the go with the new Hostelworld mobile apps.


text:
Whiskas Santa Paws Contest ~ Win 1 of 3 $1,000.00 CASH Prizes!
Whiskas Santa Paws Christmas Giveaway
Enter for a chance to win 1 of 3 $1,000,00 CASH Prizes!
- Single Entry
- Open to residents of Canada
- Quebec Friendly
- 13 and older
Contest ends December 21, 2015
Enter Without Purchase
To receive a random PIN Code for participation in the TEMPTATIONS® Treat & Win Promotion without purchase, write your name and address on a 5"x5" white paper and mail with a return self-addressed stamped envelope to: TEMPTATIONS® Treat & Win No-Purchase PINs, PO Box 300, Mississauga, ON L4T 3B6. No-Purchase PIN Code requests must be postmarked before August 16, 2015 and received by August 25, 2015. Limit one (1) request per outer mailing envelope while supplies last. Requests that are mechanically reproduced or made in any fashion other than as specified herein are void
PIN Codes Can Be Found On These Products
TEMPTATIONS® TASTY CHICKEN FLAVOUR 85g
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Whiskas Temptations
Irresistible treats that cats adore. I absolutely love the commercial when the guy shakes the bag of Temptations and the cat comes bursting through the wall. A little unrealistic but funny nonetheless. The perfect way to get your attention and notice this product that's for sure.
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Be sure to "like" their Facebook page to be kept up to date on all the latest contests, promotions, new products, money-saving coupons, and much more. You will receive all important information via your newsfeed.


text:
Mar 14, 2013
Sunline Profile
Forums Owned
Recent Posts
Freeze Dirtbag!!!! (May 5, 2013 | post #2)
Fights hospitalize Noble prisoners | The Columbus Dispatch
They should just club the crap out of them, then tramp on their heads. Problem solved (May 5, 2013 | post #19)
Contact your local Avon representative (May 5, 2013 | post #2)
I've never saw any lot lizards but I have saw a few stupid cows (Mar 24, 2013 | post #4)
does anyone know any laidback bars in cambridge area
Bud's Pub is a nice place generally. Every once in a while some one gets clubbed with a tire iron in the parking lot but no big deal really (Mar 23, 2013 | post #10)
May I serve in your royal court my king? I promise to be of the utmost service. Who is it that thou would have thrashed first? (Mar 23, 2013 | post #8)
Solar Farm Gets New Location In Ohio | Ohio News Network ...
Green jobs your rear end. It'll be just like al bores global warming, completely fake! (Mar 23, 2013 | post #14)
I want to date this woman right away (Mar 23, 2013 | post #9)
Ha! I heard that a jerk off supervisor that treated the workers with absolutely no respect and extremely poor in general got fired! Good! He should have his faced kicked in to go along with his recent firing :D (Mar 23, 2013 | post #7)
Uninformed easy to fool "the country owes me something" idiots!!!! (Mar 18, 2013 | post #6)
Occupiers are a bunch of low life dead beats (Mar 18, 2013 | post #5)
Report Meth Makers-Make a Difference
Blow them away with a 12 ga. and save the tax payers some money (Mar 16, 2013 | post #5)
Two fugitives sought by parole authorities
Hunt them down an shot them like dogs (Mar 16, 2013 | post #9)
Ohio miners put out a powerful video against Obama...
People are to stupid to even know what's going on. obama's screwing the country and it's citizens and the biggest percentage are asleep at the wheel (Mar 15, 2013 | post #3)
Copyright © 2016 Topix LLC


text:
Mahindra and Mahindra auto sales up 18% in Nov
Top Stories
- HC rejects Dayanidhi Maran's bail plea, asks him to surrender in three days
- Parliament logjam: No end in sight as govt, opposition stick to stand
- Can't keep a watch on people who want to see porn in privacy: Govt tells SC
- 6.2-magnitude quake hits northern Afghanistan
- AAP MLA Alka Lamba booked for trespassing, damaging property
Auto major Mahindra & Mahindra today reported 18 per cent increase in total sales at 48,143 units in November.
The company had sold 40,722 units in the same month last year.
The company's domestic sales stood at 46,755 units during the month against 38,159 units in November 2011, up 23 per cent, it said in a statement.
The passenger vehicles segment (which includes the UVs and Verito) registered an increase of 38 per cent at 24,604 units against 17,813 units in the year-ago month.
Exports in the last month, however, declined by 46 per cent at 1,388 units from 2,563 units in the same month last year, it said.
Commenting on the numbers, Mahindra & Mahindra Chief Executive (Automotive Division) Pravin Shah said: "We are happy to maintain our growth trend on the back of our portfolio of products especially the Quanto, which has crossed more than 12,000 bookings in just over two months.
" He said the recently announced GDP numbers were in line with expectations and the company did not foresee any immediate impact on the monetary policy.
"Till there is a decrease in interest rates for corporate or retail credits, financing rates will remain high for auto customers which is a cause of concern.
However, we expect interest rates to be reduced during the last quarter of the current financial year," Shah said.
Stocks More on Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd
Company INFO More on Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd
Mutual Funds Check for top funds


text:
Pet-A-Palooza 2016
Ocean 98.5 is pleased to be be part of Pet-a-Palooza, August 13-14th at Ogden Point!
Fill Up Friday
With Ocean 98.5's Fill Up Fridays with Peninsula Co-op, filling up the ol' car doesn't have to drain the wallet.
White Spot Wednesdays
Sometimes cooking is just not on the menu. Luckily Ocean 98.5 and White Spot Restaurant can help with White Spot Wednesdays!
Ocean 98.5's VIP Club
Join Ocean 98.5's VIP Club, a free on air/web based interactive promotional program designed to honour and reward our loyal Ocean listeners living in the Victoria area. The more you listen to Ocean 98.5, the more VIP Bonus Points you can earn to get more prizes! Yes, it's that easy!
Office Interruption
Need a break from work? How about a free lunch for your office and a bunch of prizes? That's where Ocean 98.5's Office Interruption comes in.


text:
SEATTLE - Dr. Charles A. Cowan, clinical director, Care Coordination Services at Children's Hospital and clinical professor of Pediatrics at the University of Washington today received the Duncan Award. Dr. Cowan is being honored for his outstanding work in developmental pediatrics.
The Duncan Award is given each year to acknowledge parents, professionals or groups who have made a significant contribution to the well-being of children with disabilities within Washington state. Recipients of the Duncan Award demonstrate an extraordinary positive social or scientific impact on the well-being of children with disabilities above and beyond usual career expectations.
"Dr. Cowan is a compassionate, superb clinician who goes the extra mile for children and families. He is both an excellent pediatrician who can take care of complex medical problems and an insightful developmental pediatric specialist who successfully addresses a wide range of behavioral and developmental issues," said Dr. John McLaughlin, program director, Neurodevelopmental and Birth Defects program at Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center. Dr. McLaughlin presented the award to Dr. Cowan at the Duncan Seminar today.
The Duncan Award was initiated in 1977 by Dr. Lynn Staheli, former Director of Orthopedics at Children's Hospital as a living tribute to Dr. William R. Duncan, who pioneered a comprehensive treatment approach to the needs of children with cerebral palsy and other disabilities. Dr. Cowan is the 27th recipient of the annual award. Past recipients include Ervin J. Larsen, Executive Director, United Cerebral Palsy (1982); Maplewood School Staff, Edmonds School District (1986); Mary Shandorf, foster parent (1988); John M. Neff, MD, pediatrician, Center for Children with Special Health Care Needs (1998); and Robin G. Glass, MS, OTR and Lynn S. Wolfe, MOT, ORT, occupational therapists (2002).
Consistently ranked as one of the best children's hospitals in the country by U.S. News & World Report, Seattle Children's serves as the pediatric and adolescent academic medical referral center for the largest landmass of any children's hospital in the country (Washington, Alaska, Montana and Idaho). For more than 100 years, Seattle Children's has been delivering superior patient care while advancing new treatments through pediatric research. Seattle Children's serves as the primary teaching, clinical and research site for the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Washington School of Medicine. The hospital works in partnership with Seattle Children's Research Institute and Seattle Children's Hospital Foundation. For more information, visit www.seattlechildrens.org or follow us on Twitter or Facebook.
6.8.16 -
Everett Herald
Before Alden Bernate's second birthday, surgeons separated the right and left halves of his brain to stop seizures that...
5.11.16 -
Scientific American
Dr. Eric Vilain, a pediatrician and geneticist at UCLA and one of the world's foremost experts on the genetic determinants...
5.4.16 -
KING 5 News
Alex Conrad, a patient with early onset scoliosis had rods surgically implanted to help straighten his spine. Instead of...
6.27.16 -
Subcranial rotation distraction is changing the lives of children who are tracheostomy dependent.
6.21.16 -
Seattle Children's Hospital announced today that U.S. News & World Report has ranked Seattle...
6.2.16 -
Seattle Children's T-Cell Immunotherapy Clinical Trial for Children With Relapsed Leukemia...


text:
Mirror Defoggers
These 1 Hour Remodeling Projects Will Rock Your Home Decor
Each one of these projects will take less than an hour to finish and will leave you with a completely remodeled look.
How to Turn Your Tax Refund into a Smart Home Improvement
Investing in desirable features for your home is a great way to spend your tax return.
Radiant Heating Costs for a Milwaukee Bathroom
Check out the low cost in-home spa options that radiant heating can provide in this Milwaukee master bathroom.
Five Home Remodeling Questions You Should Ask
WarmlyYours answers the questions of who, what, where, when and why that you should consider when remodeling.


text:
|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|January 26, 2014 08:00 AM EST
LAS VEGAS, Jan. 26, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- With an iconic new design inspired by its Scandinavian roots and new features born of rigorous consumer research, Tempur-Pedic's refreshed collections extend the brand's reputation for innovation.
"As the Tempur-Pedic brand celebrated its 20th birthday last year, we set out to re-envision our beds, with a focused goal of making the best night's sleep even better," said Patrice Varni, Senior Vice President of Tempur Sealy Brand Marketing. "We sought a design resource who shared the innovative, game-changing DNA of our brand, and found one in the deeply creative, human-centered design firm IDEO. With the best of their talent and ours, we were able to marry form and function in a way that brings even more famous Tempur-Pedic comfort, body-adaptive support, and cool and convenient features that consumers really love."
More TEMPUR Benefits, Inside and Out
The refreshed TEMPUR-Contour™ and TEMPUR-Cloud® Collections incorporate core enhancements with rigorously tested preferred-feel results. More TEMPUR® material, and new ways of combining it, amplify the benefits of Tempur-Pedic technology, including its adaptive alignment and support, minimal motion transfer and pressure-relieving comfort for less tossing and turning, which all add up to even better Tempur-Pedic sleep.
Wrapped around the improved "insides" is a cover offering more than beautiful design. "We really wanted to delight consumers, so we spent a good deal of time talking to them" said Brent Pfister, Vice President of Tempur-Pedic Brand Product. "Using those consumer insights, deep R&D focus, and the combined power of Tempur Sealy — we were able to develop smart, functional features that consumers (and retailers!) told us they absolutely love."
Those features include an integrated new SmartClimate™ System, that brings moisture-wicking benefits and cool-to-the-touch comfort, and the EasyRefresh™ Top Cover for a mattress that is always fresh and clean.
EasyRefresh™ Top Cover — Simple to remove, wash and replace
The new removable top cover ensures that the mattress is always fresh and hygienic. A patent-pending, 360-degree zipper makes the process simple, and the covers fit into any standard-size washer and dryer. Designed for loft and durability, the soft fabric is engineered to last through years of use and washing.
SmartClimate™ System — Moisture wicking, cool-to-the-touch comfort
Maintaining a comfortable temperature when you sleep is now a given with this two-part system. On the mattress's outer cover, a layer of moisture-wicking fabric draws moisture away from the body. Plus, the inner cover includes a special treatment for cool-to-the-touch comfort.
Design refresh— Iconic grey color, sophistication throughout
Now the beauty of a Tempur-Pedic mattress matches the advanced technology on the inside. An upholstery fabric in a sophisticated shade of grey delivers a more luxurious look to the sides of each mattress, and coordinates with perfectly matched foundations and adjustable bases.
Additional Products at Las Vegas Market
- TEMPUR-Breeze™ Pillow: Relaxation with cooling technology
This new pillow features state-of-the-art cooling material on one side so warm sleepers can enjoy quick, cool comfort when they need it, while also benefiting from the huggable and malleable TEMPUR® material microcushions inside adjust and support with movement.
- TEMPUR-Ergo™ Adjustable Bases: The next level of personalized comfort.
Personalize in-bed comfort with a TEMPUR-Ergo™ Adjustable Base. Sleepers can customize their position with a range of ergonomic options, making it easy to read, watch TV and use a laptop. All offer deeply functional comfort and beautifully match the new line.
About Tempur Sealy International, Inc.
Tempur Sealy International, Inc. (NYSE: TPX) is the world's largest bedding provider. Tempur Sealy International, Inc. develops, manufactures and markets mattresses, foundations, pillows and other products. The Company's brand portfolio includes many of the most highly recognized brands in the industry, including Tempur®, Tempur-Pedic®, Sealy®, Sealy Posturepedic®, Optimum™ and Stearns & Foster®. World headquarters for Tempur Sealy International, Inc. is in Lexington, KY. For more information, visit http://www.tempursealy.com or call 800-805-3635.
Danielle Schumann
Carmichael Lynch Spong
[email protected]
SOURCE Tempur Sealy International, Inc.
SYS-CON Events announced today that LeaseWeb USA, a cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) provider, will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. LeaseWeb is one of the world's largest hosting brands. The company helps customers define, develop and deploy IT infrastructure tailored to their exact business needs, by combining various kinds cloud solutions.
Jul. 26, 2016 10:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,178
Is your aging software platform suffering from technical debt while the market changes and demands new solutions at a faster clip? It's a bold move, but you might consider walking away from your core platform and starting fresh. ReadyTalk did exactly that. In his General Session at 19th Cloud Expo, Michael Chambliss, Head of Engineering at ReadyTalk, will discuss why and how ReadyTalk diverted from healthy revenue and over a decade of audio conferencing product development to start an innovati...
Jul. 26, 2016 09:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,010
Amazon has gradually rolled out parts of its IoT offerings in the last year, but these are just the tip of the iceberg. In addition to optimizing their back-end AWS offerings, Amazon is laying the ground work to be a major force in IoT – especially in the connected home and office. Amazon is extending its reach by building on its dominant Cloud IoT platform, its Dash Button strategy, recently announced Replenishment Services, the Echo/Alexa voice recognition control platform, the 6-7 strategic...
Jul. 26, 2016 09:02 AM EDT Reads: 234
It's 2016: buildings are smart, connected and the IoT is fundamentally altering how control and operating systems work and speak to each other. Platforms across the enterprise are networked via inexpensive sensors to collect massive amounts of data for analytics, information management, and insights that can be used to continuously improve operations. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Brian Chemel, Co-Founder and CTO of Digital Lumens, will explore: The benefits sensor-networked systems bring to ...
Jul. 26, 2016 08:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,534
SYS-CON Events announced today that 910Telecom will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Housed in the classic Denver Gas & Electric Building, 910 15th St., 910Telecom is a carrier-neutral telecom hotel located in the heart of Denver. Adjacent to CenturyLink, AT&T, and Denver Main, 910Telecom offers connectivity to all major carriers, Internet service providers, Internet backbones and ...
Jul. 26, 2016 08:45 AM EDT Reads: 614
SYS-CON Events announced today that Venafi, the Immune System for the Internet™ and the leading provider of Next Generation Trust Protection, will exhibit at @DevOpsSummit at 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. Venafi is the Immune System for the Internet™ that protects the foundation of all cybersecurity – cryptographic keys and digital certificates – so they can't be misused by bad guys in attacks...
Jul. 26, 2016 08:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,313
There will be new vendors providing applications, middleware, and connected devices to support the thriving IoT ecosystem. This essentially means that electronic device manufacturers will also be in the software business. Many will be new to building embedded software or robust software. This creates an increased importance on software quality, particularly within the Industrial Internet of Things where business-critical applications are becoming dependent on products controlled by software. Qua...
Jul. 26, 2016 06:15 AM EDT Reads: 1,430
SYS-CON Events has announced today that Roger Strukhoff has been named conference chair of Cloud Expo and @ThingsExpo 2016 Silicon Valley. The 19th Cloud Expo and 6th @ThingsExpo will take place on November 1-3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. "The Internet of Things brings trillions of dollars of opportunity to developers and enterprise IT, no matter how you measure it," stated Roger Strukhoff. "More importantly, it leverages the power of devices and the Interne...
Jul. 26, 2016 05:15 AM EDT Reads: 2,111
Large scale deployments present unique planning challenges, system commissioning hurdles between IT and OT and demand careful system hand-off orchestration. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Jeff Smith, Senior Director and a founding member of Incenergy, will discuss some of the key tactics to ensure delivery success based on his experience of the last two years deploying Industrial IoT systems across four continents.
Jul. 26, 2016 05:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,538
CenturyLink has announced that application server solutions from GENBAND are now available as part of CenturyLink's Networx contracts. The General Services Administration (GSA)'s Networx program includes the largest telecommunications contract vehicles ever awarded by the federal government. CenturyLink recently secured an extension through spring 2020 of its offerings available to federal government agencies via GSA's Networx Universal and Enterprise contracts. GENBAND's EXPERiUS™ Application...
Jul. 26, 2016 03:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,847
The Internet of Things will challenge the status quo of how IT and development organizations operate. Or will it? Certainly the fog layer of IoT requires special insights about data ontology, security and transactional integrity. But the developmental challenges are the same: People, Process and Platform. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Craig Sproule, CEO of Metavine, demonstrated how to move beyond today's coding paradigm and shared the must-have mindsets for removing complexity from the develo...
Jul. 26, 2016 02:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,374
SYS-CON Events announced today that MangoApps will exhibit at the 19th International Cloud Expo, which will take place on November 1–3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA. MangoApps provides modern company intranets and team collaboration software, allowing workers to stay connected and productive from anywhere in the world and from any device.
Jul. 26, 2016 01:45 AM EDT Reads: 1,331
The IETF draft standard for M2M certificates is a security solution specifically designed for the demanding needs of IoT/M2M applications. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Brian Romansky, VP of Strategic Technology at TrustPoint Innovation, explained how M2M certificates can efficiently enable confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity on highly constrained devices.
Jul. 26, 2016 01:30 AM EDT Reads: 1,030
The 19th International Cloud Expo has announced that its Call for Papers is open. Cloud Expo, to be held November 1-3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA, brings together Cloud Computing, Big Data, Internet of Things, DevOps, Digital Transformation, Microservices and WebRTC to one location. With cloud computing driving a higher percentage of enterprise IT budgets every year, it becomes increasingly important to plant your flag in this fast-expanding business opportuni...
Jul. 26, 2016 01:15 AM EDT Reads: 2,549
In today's uber-connected, consumer-centric, cloud-enabled, insights-driven, multi-device, global world, the focus of solutions has shifted from the product that is sold to the person who is buying the product or service. Enterprises have rebranded their business around the consumers of their products. The buyer is the person and the focus is not on the offering. The person is connected through multiple devices, wearables, at home, on the road, and in multiple locations, sometimes simultaneously...
Jul. 26, 2016 12:45 AM EDT Reads: 694
"delaPlex Software provides software outsourcing services. We have a hybrid model where we have onshore developers and project managers that we can place anywhere in the U.S. or in Europe," explained Manish Sachdeva, CEO at delaPlex Software, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at @ThingsExpo, held June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY.
Jul. 26, 2016 12:00 AM EDT Reads: 1,555
From wearable activity trackers to fantasy e-sports, data and technology are transforming the way athletes train for the game and fans engage with their teams. In his session at @ThingsExpo, will present key data findings from leading sports organizations San Francisco 49ers, Orlando Magic NBA team. By utilizing data analytics these sports orgs have recognized new revenue streams, doubled its fan base and streamlined costs at its stadiums. John Paul is the CEO and Founder of VenueNext. Prior ...
Jul. 25, 2016 11:15 PM EDT Reads: 2,029
"We've discovered that after shows 80% if leads that people get, 80% of the conversations end up on the show floor, meaning people forget about it, people forget who they talk to, people forget that there are actual business opportunities to be had here so we try to help out and keep the conversations going," explained Jeff Mesnik, Founder and President of ContentMX, in this SYS-CON.tv interview at 18th Cloud Expo, held June 7-9, 2016, at the Javits Center in New York City, NY.
Jul. 25, 2016 11:15 PM EDT Reads: 1,336
Internet of @ThingsExpo, taking place November 1-3, 2016, at the Santa Clara Convention Center in Santa Clara, CA, is co-located with the 19th International Cloud Expo and will feature technical sessions from a rock star conference faculty and the leading industry players in the world and ThingsExpo Silicon Valley Call for Papers is now open.
Jul. 25, 2016 10:00 PM EDT Reads: 2,532
The IoT is changing the way enterprises conduct business. In his session at @ThingsExpo, Eric Hoffman, Vice President at EastBanc Technologies, discussed how businesses can gain an edge over competitors by empowering consumers to take control through IoT. He cited examples such as a Washington, D.C.-based sports club that leveraged IoT and the cloud to develop a comprehensive booking system. He also highlighted how IoT can revitalize and restore outdated business models, making them profitable ...
Jul. 25, 2016 08:30 PM EDT Reads: 1,963


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Vidyut Jammwal (born 10 December 1980) is an Indian film actor. He is also a trained martial artist, having learned Kalaripayattu since the age of three. He is popularly known as "The New Age Action Hero of Bollywood" " He has worked ...in Bollywood, Kollywood and Tollywood films.
Connect any celebrity with Vidyut Jamwal to see how closely they are linked... romantically!


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LINE ITEM: French fashion blogger and illustrator Garance Doré has teamed with Swedish clothing brand Marc O'Polo on a capsule collection for fall-winter 2013. It includes T-shirts and sweatshirts printed with Doré's drawings and accompanying text. There will be eight models of each, in fivecolors, carried in Marc O'Polo stores and online, on marc-o-polo.com, starting in August.
June 14, 2013


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A friend and I are planning a trip to Oregon, by Amtrak from Minnasota. We are both disabled but need no extra equipment for walking. Rugged trails, bicycling, rafting are not options. Yet we want to see the ocean, mountains, great nature… all Oregon has to offer. Any suggestions?
Good news!!! Most of the waterfalls in the Columbia River Gorge are very accessible. Many are visible from the highway, or a short walk on a paved trail. A few that immediately come to mind besides the most famous, Multnomah Falls, are Latourell, Wahkeena, Horsetail, and the beautiful tunnel at Oneonta Gorge. Vista House on Crown Point is another must see, and they even have a ramp and elevators if the stairs are a little too much for you (same goes for the lodge at Multnomah Falls).
A visit to Timberline Lodge at Mount Hood is also a must do. Again, easy to maneuver and you literally drive right up to the mountain. Depending on the time of year, you can even ride the chair lift to the top of Palmer Glacier. You can also drive to Trillium Lake, which has a beautiful view of Mount Hood, reflected in the lake, and an pretty flat, easy trail along the east side of the lake if you are so interested.
If you are also planning a trip along the coast, there are some beautiful viewpoints along Highway 101. Cannon Beach and Seaside, the town closes to Portland, also offer some waysides with easy beach access.
Have something to add What's Your Answer?
Share your thoughts Answers From Other People
Your comment will be the first one for this story. Some might think of this as a lot of pressure, but as a trail blazer you recognize that someone has to be first. Your fellow travelers appreciate your opinion, so thanks in advance!
Other questions about Mt Hood & Columbia Gorge
- Is it possible to visit Hood/Gorge and the Coast in two days?
- What are your suggestions for a two-day trip in Mt Hood and Columbia River Gorge in October?
- Hi we are planning a trip to Mount St Helens in July. We are coming in from Calgary with two tough girls aged 9 and 11. We will be very close to Oregon, and was wondering what fun things are there to do in Oregon? We had fun last year on the Hiawatha Trail in Idaho. I heard there were volcanoes near the coast? What fun ideas are there for a family visiting Oregon? – Jason W.
About Ask Oregon Expert Cari Gesch
Cari, a resident of the Mount Hood foothills, is a photographer, writer, and wanderer of hiking trails and scenic byways. She captures images and stories of the experiences and destinations that make Oregon such an exciting place to live and play in on her blog, Wahkeena Exposures.


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Tom Murphy is a reporter for the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. A graduate of Louisiana Tech University, he is a member of the Football Writers Association of America, and voter for the Heisman Trophy and AP Top 25 football poll.
In the lane:
Arkansas embraces its 'beast'
Arkansas forward Bobby Portis (10) dribbles the ball after stealing it during the second half of an NCAA college basketball game against UTSA on Saturday, Jan. 4, 2014, in Fayetteville, Ark. Portis led Arkansas in scoring with 19 points as Arkansas defeated UTSA 104-71. (AP Photo/Gareth Patterson)
FAYETTEVILLE - Bobby Portis' career-high 19 points included a perfect night from the field in Arkansas' 104-71 victory over Texas-San Antonio on Saturday.
Portis hit all eight of his shots, including a pair of dunks, went 3 of 4 from the freethrow line and posted his second doubledouble with 10 rebounds.
The 6-10 freshman said he wasn't aware he had made all his field goals.
"I just wanted to play as hard as I could," Portis said.
"Then on the [missed] free throw, I short-armed it.
"In this game and in the previous games I just had to come out there and be a beast for my ball club."
Portis has scored at least 10 points in nine consecutive games since his five-point, one-rebound effort in a loss to California at the Maui Invitational.
Texas-San Antonio Coach Brooks Thompson read Portis' stat line aloud after the game.
"He's tall and long and I think … guys like him, not only Portis, affected us in a big way," Thompson said.
"Just a different level of athlete."
Arkansas Coach Mike Anderson said Portis is a player he has to run out of the gym because of his commitment to the game.
"He wants to be a great player," Anderson said.
"He doesn't just want to be good."3 x 100
Arkansas' 104-point effort marked its third 100-point outing of the season.
The Razorbacks defeated Southeastern Louisiana 111-65 and Tennessee-Martin 102-56 earlier this season.
The three 100-point games equaled the same number the Razorbacks had in nine years under Stan Heath and John Pelphrey from 2002 through the 2010-11 season.
High interest
Arkansas Coach Mike Anderson said his team's focus was impressive, even with the game out of hand after an early 22-6 run gave the Razorbacks a 44-21 lead.
"I thought effort was there, and obviously when you get a lead of that magnitude, sometimes the interest kind of goes the other way," he said. "So that was my biggest charge at halftime, was making sure our guys stayed engaged and understanding that the game is not over with and we want to continue to play good basketball." Swat-n-slam
Bobby Portis ignited the crowd twice within a minute late in the first half with plays on both ends of the court.
Portis blocked a shot by guard Devon Agusi, and moments later he and Ky Madden stripped the ball away on the press and Madden lobbed the ball to Portis for a dunk that drew a roar from the crowd.
5-point play
Texas-San Antonio's Hyjii Thomas cashed in a rare five-point play with 9:11 remaining in the second half.
Thomas made a short bank shot and drew a blocking foul on Kikko Haydar. Arkansas Coach Mike Anderson was assessed a technical foul arguing the call, and Thomas made both freethrows for the technical before hitting his free throw for the three-point play.
The technical was Anderson's first of the season.
"You wouldn't want to know what I said," Anderson said. "I guess I deserved it.
"There's no question about it, I gave them some points. … I told my guys, hey, I'll take the blame for them getting over 70. I just thought it was [a charge]. I thought it was one of those where he just ran over him."
Haydar said he also thought he had drawn the charge.
"The ref didn't see it that way, and that's how basketball is," he said. "But it's definitely nice to have your coach have your back."Hot half
Arkansas made 8 of 11 shots to open the game while building a 19-7 lead, but the Hogs' field-goal percentage could have been even better.
During the opening blitz in the first four and a half minutes, guards Fred Gulley and Anthlon Bell both missed point-blank layup attempts that could have made the Hogs 10 of 11.
Eleven players scored for the Razorbacks as they built a 62-35 lead going into halftime. It was their highest-scoring half of the season, bettering their 59-point second half in a 111-65 victory over Southeastern Louisiana.
Arkansas used the same starting lineup of guards Ky Madden, Rickey Scott and Fred Gulley and big men Coty Clarke and Bobby Portis for the second consecutive game.
Arkansas forward Coty Clarke posted a career-best five steals, all in the first half, beating the four he had in last year's loss to Syracuse. Arkansas finished with 14 steals.
Sports, Pages 28 on 01/05/2014


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Lilburn City Park
Lilburn, GA 30047
Lilburn City Park is a 10-acre gem in the middle of the city, featuring a walking/jogging path, children's playground, tennis courts, public restrooms, rental pavilion that seats 160, bandstand, and an open field area. City Park is the trailhead for the 4+ mile Camp Creek Greenway Trail.
Info & Amenities
Hours of Operation
Sunday: 7:00AM - 10:00PM
Monday: 7:00AM - 10:00PM
Tuesday: 7:00AM - 10:00PM
Wednesday: 7:00AM - 10:00PM
Thursday: 7:00AM - 10:00PM
Friday: 7:00AM - 10:00PM
Saturday: 7:00AM - 10:00PM
Admission & Fees
Admission Fee $0.00
Nature Trails
Facility Amenities
Bus / Motorcoach Parking on Site, Free Parking, Maps & Brochures Available, Parking on Site, Party Facilities, Picnic Area, Picnic Shelter, Public Restrooms, Rentals Available
General Information
Family-friendly, Free Admission , Handicapped Accessible, Open Year 'Round, Pets Accepted
Group Amenities
Near Interstate Highway
285, 85
Suitable for Ages
All Ages
Rock the Park
08/05/2016 - 08/05/2016
Enjoy a free concert with 20 RIDE, a Zac Brown Tribute Band! These are authentic players performing great music the way Zac does at all his concerts. Pack a lawn chair and enjoy music, dinner and drinks under the stars. Food trucks and beer sales open at 6 p.m. Concert begins at 7:30 p.m.read more
Classic Cars in the Park
09/24/2016 - 09/24/2016
More than 100 cars, trucks, and motorcycles of all makes and models will be parked on the lawn in the beautiful Lilburn City Park. Enjoy live music, concessions, and a variety of vendors. Free admission for spectators.
Vehicle registration fees are $10 for pre-registration or $15 day of the event. All years, makes, and models are welcome.
Event Schedule:
8-10 a.m. - Car/bike set-upread more
10 a.m. - Event begins
2 p.m. - Top 20 trophies will be announced. Awards will in...
Lilburn Daze Arts & Crafts Festival
10/08/2016 - 10/08/2016
This 43rd annual event in Lilburn City Park will include over 200 arts and crafts vendors. Enjoy all your favorite fall festival foods and lots of activities for the kids, such as a train ride and pony rides. With an estimated 12,000 attendees, this family-friendly festival hosted by the GFWC Lilburn Woman's Club is one of the most popular in the area.read more


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Dos and Don'ts of Pet Boarding »
Just like the planning that went into your vacation, there is planning needed before boarding your pet. Here are some dos and don'ts to help make the process a little easier.
250 Pencader Plz, Newark, DE 19713
504 N Lincoln StWilmington, DE 19805
From Business: AAA Animal Service of Delaware has been serving the community for 51 years. they offer bathing, clipping, dipping and other services. We are experts with dogs & cat…
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Go to Centreville. You will never again have a worry abt Your Pet being in the best Veterinary hands. Have been thier client since 1975, just try to…
2006 Marsh RdWilmington, DE 19810
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From Business: At Petco, we believe in providing complete care for the pets we love. Whether your pets have wings, tails, paws or claws, when you visit a Petco store or shop on pe…
3010 Brandywine PkwyWilmington, DE 19803
Petsmart has a great variety of pet food and supplies. If you cannot find it there, then it does not exist.
3703 Concord PikeWilmington, DE 19803
4365 Kirkwood HwyWilmington, DE 19808
2223 Concord PikeWilmington, DE 19803
1000 N West StWilmington, DE 19801
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Wilmington, 19810Wilmington, DE 19810
3705 Lancaster PikeWilmington, DE 19805
505 Ivydale RdWilmington, DE 19803
From Business: I am a petsitter by choice not circumstance. I love being with animals and making people feel comfortable going away knowing their pets are in excellant hands. I do…
806 Silverside RdWilmington, DE 19809
I have been taking my pets to this vet for years, and they are great. The staff is very caring, and compassionate, and they always greet you with a …
501 Kirkwood HwyWilmington, DE 19805
From Business: Stop by for a peek at pet paradise! We have everything your pooch could want. SELF-WASH! Save a bundle when you "do-it-yourself" with our self-serve dog wash! Exper…
3000 W 2nd StWilmington, DE 19805
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Great guys, very knowledgeable. Won't go anywhere else.
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From Business: $15 wash includes: - elevated. Ergonomic. Sanitized. Custom DOG bath tubs. - grooming tools - aprons - your choice of 6 specialty shampoos - tearless blueberry faci…
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8 Carpenter PlzWilmington, DE 19810
I have taken my dogs buddy and dixie here for over ten years, buddy is a big problem he hates it but they are so great with him, I couldn't take hi…
Just like the planning that went into your vacation, there is planning needed before boarding your pet. Here are some dos and don'ts to help make the process a little easier.
Whether you're heading to the beach, mountains, or some other awesome destination, use our pre-trip checklist to make sure you're ready for a hassle-free trip.
The Concord Pet stores are one of the best places in the area to get pet supplies. There are knowledgable workers with a large selection of pet supplies. I still order my guinea pig bedding online through a different company, because it is cheaper
This is a great local business but I find their prices a little expensive. It would help if they had store coupons for food.
Petsmart has a great variety of pet food and supplies. If you cannot find it there, then it does not exist.


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With a stay at Hotel Jal City Tamachi Tokyo in Tokyo (Shiba), you'll be convenient to Mita Hachiman Shrine and Tokyo Tower. This hotel is within close proximity of Kamezuka Park and Mitadai Park.
Make yourself at home in one of the 160 guestrooms featuring refrigerators and flat-screen televisions. Complimentary wired and wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and satellite programming provides entertainment. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature complimentary toiletries and bidets. Conveniences include phones, as well as safes and desks.
Pamper yourself with onsite massages or make use of the other amenities, which include complimentary wireless Internet access and wedding services.
Grab a bite to eat at one of the hotel's dining establishments, which include 3 restaurants and a coffee shop/café. Buffet breakfasts are available daily for a fee.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include dry cleaning/laundry services, multilingual staff, and an elevator (lift). Planning an event in Tokyo? This hotel has facilities measuring 13741 square feet (1277 square meters), including conference space. Self parking (subject to charges) is available onsite.


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The Black Beauty
The Flying Dutchman From Pirates 3
"At World's End"
Wasp Skybike rig from 'The Island'
Please see the projects page for more.
For over 50 years Fxperts Inc (aka) John Frazier Special Effects has been creating movie magic for Hollywood's biggest films. See John's filmography and bio at IMDB.com or check out the past projects page.
We are a Local 44 signator and have a full service shop ranging from design and engineering to CAD/CAM, CNC machining, waterjet cutting, fabrication, installation, rentals and operation in the field. We have an in-house Staff shop for all types of mold making and fiberglass hand props to full size vehicles.
We also offer 3D Rapid Prototyping and 3D Digitizing. With 3D Digitizing we can "reverse engineer" an object and scale, modify and reproduce it. Please see the 3d scanning page.
Coming Soon:
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales (2017)
Check out the new video clips in the Gallery
The Bumblebee from Transformers
The Bumblebee on Tour in Cannes


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Oftentimes however, sinusitis won't resolve completely with symptomatic treatment. "It is preferable than going 'cold turkey', which is the most drastic and difficult move to make to overcome rebound rhinitis. It won't provide immediate rest from sinus pain, pressure, headaches etc. A vaccine originated to build an immunity against the swine flu. It helps loosen phlegm, relieves chest congestion, nasal and sinus congestions.
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Regardless from the specific brand, they always select a spray with the correct compound. Include these foods with your daily diet for any positive effect. s scientists have believed that this immune system works by having antibodies that target viruses outside the cells. In a celebration call effortlessly school superintendents, it turned out concluded there can be no school closings unless Secretary of Education Veronica Garcia required it. , director with the College of Cincinnati Taste and Smell Middle, reported that extra data are neededprior to schedule tips about intranasal corticosteroids might be manufactured.


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I have put 7 batteries on my 2005 Avalanche in the past 18 months, 2 in the past 2 months. My local Chevy Dealer can't find anything wrong with it. I then carried it to a local Alternator/Starter Shop and they couldn't find any problem. I need help.
Tuesday, February 22nd, 2011 AT 1:27 AM