text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 21, 2010
|Filing date
|May 19, 2005
|Priority date
|May 19, 2005
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Chandrashekhar Appanna, Anantha Ramaiah
|Original Assignee
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (17), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (6), Classifications (15), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to co-pending, commonly assigned application Ser. No. 10/808,040, filed Mar. 24, 2004, entitled "Routing system and method for transparently recovering routing states after a failover or during a software upgrade," of Chandrashekhar Appanna et al., and to co-pending, commonly assigned application Ser. No. 10/948,732, filed Sep. 22, 2004, entitled "Cooperative TCP/BGP Window Management For Stateful Switchover," of Chandrashekhar Appanna et al.
The present invention generally relates to providing high availability or fault-tolerant transport layer connections in telecommunication networks. The invention relates more specifically to approaches for synchronizing state information relating to Transport Connection Protocol (TCP) connections in routers and switches that use redundant TCP processes.
The approaches described in this section could be pursued, but are not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated herein, the approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims in this application and are not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a path vector routing protocol for inter-Autonomous System routing. The function of a BGP-enabled network element (a BGP host or peer) is to exchange network reachability information with other BGP-enabled network elements. The most commonly implemented version of BGP is BGP-4, which is defined in RFC1771 (published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in March 1995).
To exchange routing information, two BGP hosts first establish a peering session by exchanging BGP OPEN messages. The BGP hosts then exchange their full routing tables. After this initial exchange, each BGP host sends to its BGP peer or peers only incremental updates for new, modified, and unavailable or withdrawn routes in one or more BGP UPDATE messages. A route is defined as a unit of information that pairs a network destination with the attributes of a network path to that destination. The attributes of the network path include, among other things, the network addresses (also referred to as address prefixes or just prefixes) of the computer systems along the path. In a BGP host, the routes are stored in a Routing Information Base (RIB). Depending on the particular software implementation of BGP, a RIB may be represented by one or more routing tables. When more than one routing table represents a RIB, the routing tables may be logical subsets of information stored in the same physical storage space, or the routing tables may be stored in physically separate storage spaces.
As networks grow more complex and the number of BGP routes maintained by a particular element increases, the consequences of the failure of a BGP host device, or the BGP process that it hosts, become more severe. For example, in some scenarios a BGP failure may require retransmission of a large amount of route information and re-computation of a large amount of network reachability information. Therefore, vendors of network gear and their customers wish to deploy BGP in a fault-tolerant manner.
BGP commonly runs on and uses the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) as defined in RFC 793, which provides a connection-oriented, reliable data delivery service for applications such as BGP. Having highly available, reliable TCP connections that can be switched over in the face of failure is a foundation requirement for providing BGP with high availability. TCP is a stateful protocol that provides reliable datagram delivery, flow control, and congestion control for higher-order applications. To provide these services, a TCP implementation maintains state data that includes variables, such as window sizes, round trip time, etc.; a re-transmission queue containing copies of segments that have been sent but not yet acknowledged; and timers. A successful switchover to a secondary processor of TCP requires timely synchronization of such state data to the secondary processor.
Highly reliable networks offer high availability by detecting failures and handling the failures in a timely manner with zero or minimal disruption of service. Redundant systems that have at least one secondary processor are often used to achieve high reliability. When the secondary processor is synchronized to the primary processor, and can take over with almost no visible interruption to peer devices, the secondary processor is termed a "hot standby" and the switchover is termed "stateful switchover" or SSO.
SSO can be implemented in a telecommunication network with network elements that have dual route processors, each of which can host separate but duplicate instances of various software applications. One route processor is deemed Active and the other is deemed Standby. When the processors are operating in SSO mode, the active route processor automatically replicates all messages that it receives or sends, for all protocols or activities, and sends the replicated messages to the standby route processor.
In some embodiments, the active route processor periodically sends a bulk copy of data representing a particular state (a "checkpoint") to the standby route processor. While replication and checkpointing enable the standby route processor to achieve synchronization of state with the active route processor, these approaches require considerable use of processing resources and memory, and require extensive use of an inter-processor communication mechanism. When a route processor is managing a large number of BGP sessions and TCP connections, the burden of continually operating in SSO mode may become unacceptable.
As networks grow larger and more complex, network reliability and throughput depends to a greater extent upon the availability of software processes that implement BGP. For example, when a BGP host becomes unavailable, many other BGP peers may need to re-compute route information to account for the unavailability. Other hosts may lose BGP connectivity during the transition. Thus, present approaches for managing BGP sessions in large networks without SSO capability cause significant network chum. Network administrators are demanding a better solution that does not perturb the network.
Moreover, BGP is merely one example of an application for which high availability is desirable; there are many other applications. BGP and other applications running on top of transport-layer protocols, such as TCP, would benefit greatly from a solution providing true SSO for the TCP connections, achieved in a scalable manner.
Further, users and administrators expect any SSO support for TCP to provide a solution that performs well and scales to large networks that use existing and future platforms without major hardware upgrades.
One approach for providing high-availability TCP involves massive data checkpointing of send and receive windows and related metadata for all established TCP connections. While this approach does allow active and standby processors to maintain identical TCP state information, it is a "brute-force" approach that requires extensive CPU resources. Network administrators desire to have a more efficient approach that is readily scalable to large numbers of connections.
The present invention is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which:
A method and apparatus for synchronizing network transport layer connections are described. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
Embodiments are described herein according to the following outline:
The needs identified in the foregoing Background, and other needs and objects that will become apparent for the following description, are achieved in the present invention, which comprises, in various aspects, a system and method supporting synchronization of replicated transport layer connections in a redundant processor telecommunications network element. One aspect is a method that involves receiving, at a network element comprising an active transport protocol process coupled to a standby transport protocol process, information identifying a newly created transport layer connection maintained at the active transport protocol process; assigning a unique connection identifier to the transport layer connection; sending the unique connection identifier, in association with other, protocol-specific connection identifying information, to the standby protocol process; and sending, to the standby transport protocol process, one or more messages comprising one or more properties or statistics associated with the transport layer connection, wherein the messages identify the transport layer connection using the unique connection identifier.
According to one feature of this aspect, the messages conform to a specified transport protocol synchronization message format and are not TCP segments.
According to another feature, both the active transport protocol process and the standby transport protocol process implement TCP.
In yet another feature, the protocol-specific connection identifying information comprises a source address value, destination address value, source port value, and destination port value. In still another feature, the standby transport protocol process notifies a logically higher application that the transport protocol connection is available only after receiving the one or more messages and an end message that signals an end of the one or more messages.
In one feature, the active transport protocol process notifies a logically higher application that the transport protocol connection is available only after receiving a completion message from the standby transport protocol process. In still another feature, the one or more messages comprise any of egress properties, ingress properties, rate properties, statistics, or options associated with the transport protocol connection.
According to a further feature the active transport protocol process receives a request for state verification, the active transport protocol process sends a request for statistics to the standby transport protocol process, the standby transport protocol process retrieves one or more statistics values, the standby transport protocol process sends a responsive statistics message comprising the one or more statistics values to the active transport protocol process, and the transport protocol process sends a reply message comprising the statistics values to a logically higher application.
In other aspects, the invention encompasses a computer apparatus and a computer-readable medium configured to carry out the foregoing steps.
2.0 Example Method, System and Protocol for Transport Protocol Connection Synchronization
2.1 Structural and Functional Overview
TCP modules 108A, 108B and TCP HA processes 106A, 106B provide transport control protocol functionality. BGP application 104A, 104B provide border gateway protocol functionality. In alternative embodiments, active route processor 102A and standby route processor 102B may host other protocols and applications. Thus, TCP modules 108A, 108B, TCP HA processes 106A, 106B, and BGP application 104A, 104B are shown only as examples and not as requirements.
An inter-process communication (IPC) service 110 is coupled between active route processor 102A and standby route processor 102B, and provides a means for the route processors to exchange data and instructions.
In one embodiment, network element 100 is implemented as one of the Cisco 10000 Series Routers, commercially available from Cisco Systems, Inc., and alternatively as a Cisco CRS-1 Carrier Routing System The arrangement of
The approaches herein provide an architecture comprising multiple techniques to achieve SSO for TCP connections that will perform and scale well on current and future router platforms without requiring special hardware assistance. Generally, the adaptive TCP SSO architecture proposed herein implements a high availability TCP module that will extract the events necessary for providing SSO functionality for TCP connections based on system behavior and then signal the events to a standby TCP module. The standby TCP module uses the events to recreate state data that is identical in form and function to the state data at the active TCP module. Applications that use or run on TCP connections also participate in certain respects. With this approach, a scalable, efficient and useful TCP SSO support implementation is made possible by providing an architecture that can adapt to the needs of TCP applications, and can be tuned based on application needs and strengths.
While the five-tuple of values can identify a TCP connection unambiguously, communicating all five values multiple times among cooperating processes may consume an unacceptably high amount of bandwidth. Therefore, in an embodiment, the five-tuple is not used, as further described below.
At step 202, one TCP module is designated as a Master module and another TCP module is designated as a Slave module, or the equivalent. For example, in network element 100 of
In one embodiment, the Master TCP module also manages assignment of initial sequence numbers (ISNs) to connections using initial sequence number management logic 132. The Master TCP module is responsible to generate an ISN because the ISN is the starting value for a TCP connection, and must be the same at both endpoints. However, an embodiment does not require synchronizing ISN generation or other techniques that may compromise the security of TCP or a connection. For example, in an alternative embodiment, the Master TCP module and the Slave TCP module each may independently generate an ISN, and the Slave TCP module may maintain the difference of the two ISN values. The Slave TCP module would then add the difference to each subsequent sequence number for the TCP connection.
For example, assume that the ISN at the Master TCP module is 100 and the ISN at the Slave TCP module is 200. The difference is 100. After 500 bytes of data are sent, the Master TCP module sequence number ("sndnxt") is 100+500=600. The Slave TCP module would compute the sequence number as 200+500-100=600. Thus, both Master and Slave hold the same sequence number.
At step 204, the Master TCP module receives information about a new passive or active open TCP connection. For example, connection identifier management logic 130 receives information from a TCP stack incorporated in the Master TCP module 108A indicating that a new TCP connection has reached the ESTABLISHED state as that state is defined in RFC 793.
At step 206, a unique connection identifier is assigned to the new connection. Assigning a connection identifier may involve allocating a value and associating the value with the connection. Allocating a value may involve randomly determining a value, selecting a value from a pool of available values, etc. Associating the value with a connection may comprise storing the connection identifier in a table with the values of five-tuple 119 (
At step 208, the Master TCP module sends the connection identifier, with other connection identifying information, to the Slave TCP module in a "new connection" message. The other connection identifying information may comprise the five-tuple 119 for the new connection; thus, step 208 effectively transfers the association of the unique connection identifier selected by the Master TCP module and a TCP connection to the Slave TCP module. Further, the approach of
The "new connection" message, and other messages described herein, may comprise an IPC message that is sent using IPC service 110 (
Alternatively, messages of steps 208, 210, 212, 216 are sent from between the Master TCP module and the Slave TCP module directly, without passing down other stack layers. When an implementation is structured according to the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model of network software, the Master TCP module may reside conceptually at the transport layer of software hosted at the active route processor and a TCP peer signaling layer may be coupled to the transport layer. The TCP peer-signaling layer establishes a messaging connection directly to a counterpart peer-signaling layer associated with a transport layer of the standby processor. The Master TCP module can send messages directly to the Slave TCP module through the TCP peer signaling layers without traversing lower layers such as the network layer (which may implement IP), data link layer, or physical layer.
In one embodiment, each such message conforms to a TCP Synchronization Protocol (TSP) and is termed a TSP message. In one embodiment, each TSP message comprises a type field, length field, connection identifier field, and reserved field. In one embodiment, the type field carries a type value that refers to one of the example message types shown in Table 1.
In one embodiment, the type field is one octet in length. The length field indicates total message length including the header. The connection identifier field carries a connection identifier value as assigned at step 206. The reserved field comprises one or more bits that are reserved for future use or expansion of the protocol. In one embodiment, the reserved field is two octets in length.
A "new connection" message as sent in step 208 may comprise a TSP_NEW_CONNECTION message 220 as shown in
The TableID field may carry the value of a unique connection identifier described above. The Listen Port field carries the value of a specified port on which an application listens for TSP information.
At step 210 of
As shown in
Each message of step 210 transfers a particular group of TCP connection properties. For example, the TSP_EGRESS_PROPERTIES message comprises initial send parameter values that are internally used in a TCP implementation, such as "sndwnd" and "sndcwnd." The messages of step 210 may be sent together at one time or individually at different times. For example, based on typical operation of a TCP implementation, the TCP_EGRESS_PROPERTIES message needs to be sent only once. Thereafter, the "sndwnd" and "sndcwnd" values would be adjusted at the Slave TCP module upon receiving any following segments when application TCP segments are in the re-transmission queue. That is, the TCP_EGRESS_PROPERTIES message is sent once, and when successive TCP segments are replicated and forwarded to the Slave TCP module, the Slave TCP module can create state data identical to corresponding Master TCP module state data by feeding the successive TCP segments through the TCP state machine of the Slave TCP module. Further information about packet and segment replication, and state synchronization, is provided in later sections.
The messages of step 208, 210 carry values that are universally used in TCP implementations, but the values that are carried are independent of the internal implementation details of a particular TCP stack or module. As a specific example, a TSP_EGRESS_PROPERTIES message carries properties of a connection in the outbound direction based on RFC 793, independent of the underlying implementation, and may comprise the example fields specified in Table 3.
In one embodiment, the Master TCP module modifies the sequence number values that are sent in the TSP_EGRESS_PROPERTIES message to accommodate any TSP_SEGMENT or TSP_OUTSIZE messages that may follow because associated packets are already in the re-transmission queue. The form and use of TSP_SEGMENT or TSP_OUTSIZE messages are described further below.
After one or more messages are sent at step 210, an end message is sent. As shown in step 212 (
Having all necessary information about a connection, at step 214, the Slave TCP module notifies an application at a logically higher layer that the connection is available. In an embodiment, standby TCP module 108B notifies standby BGP application 104B that the connection is available. As shown at step 215, in one embodiment, the notification of step 214 may comprise sending a message to the higher application using the five-tuple 119 of the new connection, substituting a port value associated with a specified listener port of the application. Thus, in the alternative of step 215, the application is expected to implement a listener process on the specified port to receive notifications that ports are available.
At step 216, the Slave TCP module sends a completion message to the Master TCP module. In one embodiment, the TSP_SETUP_COMPLETE message 232 of
Having been informed that an application at the slave side is aware that the connection is available, at step 218, the Master TCP module notifies a higher layer application on its side that the connection is available. For example, Active TCP HA process 106A or Active TCP module 108A informs Active BGP application 104A that the connection is available. This approach enables the application associated with the Master TCP module to consider the connection available only when the connection is also established and available at the Slave TCP module.
In one embodiment, the processing order of messages of steps 208, 210, 212, 216 is defined as first-in first-out. That is, TSP messages as defined herein should be processed at the Slave TCP module in the order in which the Master TCP module sends the messages. Therefore, IPC facility 110, a peer-to-peer signaling mechanism, or any other transport medium used for exchanging TSP messages should ensure that messages are delivered in transmission order.
2.2 Packet Replication
Once a connection is established at both the Active TCP module and Slave TCP module, all incoming packets received at the Active TCP module are replicated and sent to the Slave TCP module, which recreates state data equivalent to the state maintained by the Active TCP module for the connection.
In one embodiment, all outgoing packets are sent to the Slave TCP module encapsulated in a TSP_OUT_SIZE message 234 (
In another embodiment, the Master TSP module sends an outgoing packet in the form of a TSP_SEGMENT message 236, which is used when the TCP "cwnd" value is less than the size of a protocol data unit (PDU) as defined by a higher layer application. In this case, if the Master TCP module is in the enhanced Nagle mode, which specifies packet coalescence but not fragmentation, then the Master TCP module creates a TSP_SEGMENT message 236 that contains the packet that has been fragmented. The Slave TCP module receives the message and queues the packet in the retransmit queue of the Slave TCP module. This approach enables the Master TCP module to perform fragmentation of application PDUs, while maintaining synchronization with the Slave TCP module.
In the approach of
Further, in one embodiment, higher-layer TCP applications associated with the Slave TCP module can read packets as if the packets are arriving on the connection from the wire. Each TCP connection represented at the Slave TCP module is maintained in a read-only mode, i.e., applications cannot write packets into the connection or send TCP segments using the connection.
2.3 State Verification
Some applications can benefit from mechanisms for retrieving current state information for tracking and verifying states of a TCP state machine, or for retrieving certain data values that the TCP modules use internally. Such verification also provides a way to determine whether communication across IPC or a peer-to-peer signaling layer is reliable—that is, to determine whether the standby TCP module is receiving correct data from the active TCP module.
In one embodiment, TCP high availability process 106A provides mechanisms for applications seeking real-time state verification. For example, in one embodiment, connection identifier management logic 120 includes instructions for periodically checking that the states at the active TCP module and standby TCP module are identical. As one example, the values of TCP state variables such as sndwnd, snduna, rcvnxt, rcvwnd are compared, and an error is thrown if the values are not identical. Further, timer values may be compared within a tolerable skew amount. Application-specific values also may be checked.
In one embodiment, the interval during which such checks are performed is programmable. For example, an interval configuration value may specify that the foregoing state verification checks are performed after a specified number of packets, where the specified number of packets is chosen by the application. In one embodiment, verification checking is not enabled by default, but an application can enable verification checking on a per connection basis. This approach provides logic useful for debugging and fault recovery.
In still another embodiment, TCP high availability process 106A provides an API with a function that enables an application, such as BGP, to determine the sizes of any dummy packets that are in the send queue of the standby TCP module. With this information, the BGP application can generate packets of the same size and provide them to TCP for transmission. The active TCP module then recreates the send queue using the provided packets. This approach ensures that if a receiving peer has any logical holes in its receive window, the window can be filled without problems.
At step 406, the Slave TCP module gathers one or more statistics values and places the statistics values in a responsive statistics message. At step 408, the Slave TCP module sends the responsive statistics message, which may be another TSP_STATS message with different attributes set, to the Master TCP module. At step 410, the Master TCP module provides a reply state verification message to the application.
2.4 Benefits of Certain Embodiments
Through these approaches, an embodiment uses intelligent techniques at the TCP level to achieve transparent failover of TCP connections. These approaches provide a foundation for supporting TCP applications, such as BGP, with high availability. The approaches avoid brute force checkpointing, and use intelligent techniques that are applied at the TCP level.
The approaches herein are asynchronous and support servicing multiple connections in parallel. Optional field values can be separated into specific messages that are sent at a deferred time.
The peer-to-peer signaling layer provides faster communication of replicated state data, and enables an implementation to re-use the IP header and the data link layer header of a packet. As a result, efficient packet cloning is provided. In contrast, other approaches employ excessive checkpointing for both send and receive state machine values, these approaches are difficult to scale, and they require sophisticated hardware assistance.
Certain embodiments are useful in the context of performing non-stop routing processes. Such processes are described, for example, in co-pending application Ser. No. 10/808,040, filed Mar. 24, 2004, entitled "Routing system and method for transparently recovering routing states after a failover or during a software upgrade," of Chandrashekhar Appanna et al. The approaches provided herein can support failover of passive open connections, which are TCP connections originating from another BGP peer. The approaches herein also support failover of active open connections, which are TCP connections originating from a particular BGP peer that implements the approaches herein. The approaches herein can handle asymmetric startup, which occurs when a secondary processor initiates operation or is added after a primary process initializes and establishes TCP connections with a peer.
In one embodiment, an application such as BGP can specify whether a connection is highly available and subject to the approaches herein or not. Only for connections that are marked highly available, packets are cloned and sent to the Slave TCP module. Replication and communication of the packets occurs at the transport protocol level. This approach ensures that the inbound packet runs through the standby state machine and is synchronized with the Master TCP module state machine.
The approach herein represents an improvement over brute-force data checkpointing approaches, because TCP state changes for every processed packet, and checkpointing every state change may require excessive use of inter-process communication (IPC) resources. Further, with checkpointing approaches, synchronization becomes difficult for highly different or divergent versions of the TCP software. Moreover, a checkpointing approach cannot result in modifying all local variables that are maintained internally by the standby TCP module.
3.0 Implementation Mechanisms—Hardware Overview
Computer system 500 includes a bus 502 or other communication mechanism for communicating information, and a processor 504 coupled with bus 502 for processing information. Computer system 500 also includes a main memory 506, such as a random access memory (RAM), flash memory, or other dynamic storage device, coupled to bus 502 for storing information and instructions to be executed by processor 504. Main memory 506 also may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor 504. Computer system 500 further includes a read only memory (ROM) 508 or other static storage device coupled to bus 502 for storing static information and instructions for processor 504. A storage device 510, such as a magnetic disk, flash memory or optical disk, is provided and coupled to bus 502 for storing information and instructions.
A communication interface 518 may be coupled to bus 502 for communicating information and command selections to processor 504. Interface 518 is a conventional serial interface such as an RS-232 or RS-422 interface. An external terminal 512 or other computer system connects to the computer system 500 and provides commands to it using the interface 514. Firmware or software running in the computer system 500 provides a terminal interface or character-based command interface so that external commands can be given to the computer system.
A switching system 516 is coupled to bus 502 and has an input interface 514 and an output interface 519 to one or more external network elements. The external network elements may include a local network 522 coupled to one or more hosts 524, or a global network such as Internet 528 having one or more servers 530. The switching system 516 switches information traffic arriving on input interface 514 to output interface 519 according to pre-determined protocols and conventions that are well known. For example, switching system 516, in cooperation with processor 504, can determine a destination of a packet of data arriving on input interface 514 and send it to the correct destination using output interface 519. The destinations may include host 524, server 530, other end stations, or other routing and switching devices in local network 522 or Internet 528.
The invention is related to the use of computer system 500 for synchronizing network transport layer connections. According to one embodiment of the invention, synchronizing network transport layer connections is provided by computer system 500 in response to processor 504 executing one or more sequences of one or more instructions contained in main memory 506. Such instructions may be read into main memory 506 from another computer-readable medium, such as storage device 510. Execution of the sequences of instructions contained in main memory 506 causes processor 504 to perform the process steps described herein. One or more processors in a multi-processing arrangement may also be employed to execute the sequences of instructions contained in main memory 506. In alternative embodiments, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to implement the invention. Thus, embodiments of the invention are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.
The term "computer-readable medium" as used herein refers to any medium that participates in providing instructions to processor 504 for execution. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media includes, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as storage device 510. Volatile media includes dynamic memory, such as main memory 506. Transmission media includes coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise bus 502. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio wave and infrared data communications.
Common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, or any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave as described hereinafter, or any other medium from which a computer can read.
Various forms of computer readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions to processor 504 for execution. For example, the instructions may initially be carried on a magnetic disk of a remote computer. The remote computer can load the instructions into its dynamic memory and send the instructions over a telephone line using a modem. A modem local to computer system 500 can receive the data on the telephone line and use an infrared transmitter to convert the data to an infrared signal. An infrared detector coupled to bus 502 can receive the data carried in the infrared signal and place the data on bus 502. Bus 502 carries the data to main memory 506, from which processor 504 retrieves and executes the instructions. The instructions received by main memory 506 may optionally be stored on storage device 510 either before or after execution by processor 504.
Communication interface 518 also provides a two-way data communication coupling to a network link 520 that is connected to a local network 522. For example, communication interface 518 may be an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card or a modem to provide a data communication connection to a corresponding type of telephone line. As another example, communication interface 518 may be a local area network (LAN) card to provide a data communication connection to a compatible LAN. Wireless links may also be implemented. In any such implementation, communication interface 518 sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of information.
Network link 520 typically provides data communication through one or more networks to other data devices. For example, network link 520 may provide a connection through local network 522 to a host computer 524 or to data equipment operated by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) 526. ISP 526 in turn provides data communication services through the worldwide packet data communication network now commonly referred to as the "Internet" 528. Local network 522 and Internet 528 both use electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams. The signals through the various networks and the signals on network link 520 and through communication interface 518, which carry the digital data to and from computer system 500, are exemplary forms of carrier waves transporting the information.
Computer system 500 can send messages and receive data, including program code, through the network(s), network link 520 and communication interface 518. In the Internet example, a server 530 might transmit a requested code for an application program through Internet 528, ISP 526, local network 522 and communication interface 518. In accordance with the invention, one such downloaded application provides for synchronizing network transport layer connections as described herein.
Processor 504 may execute the received code as it is received, and/or stored in storage device 510, or other non-volatile storage for later execution. In this manner, computer system 500 may obtain application code in the form of a carrier wave.
4.0 Extensions and Alternatives
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
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|Open Invention Network, Llc
|System and method for application isolation with live migration
|Dec 31, 2008
|Jul 1, 2010
|Sasha Rantsevitch
|Mlppp sequence number synchronization between the active and standby transmitters
|Jul 6, 2010
|Nov 25, 2010
|Anantha Ramaiah
|High availability transport protocol method and apparatus
|U.S. Classification
|370/390, 370/254, 370/395.3
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|May 19, 2005
Owner name: CISCO TECHNOLOGY, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:APPANNA, CHANDRASHEKHAR;RAMAIAH, ANANTHA;REEL/FRAME:016595/0871
Effective date: 20050518
|Dec 7, 2010
|Certificate of correction
|Mar 21, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
Thai Wedding
Blending poetic traditions with the exotic appeal of stunning Koh Phangan, as well as the extravagance of a champagne breakfast in bed, your Thai wedding celebration breathes new life into romance and allows you to enjoy the best of both worlds.
Package includes:
- Personal wedding coordinator
- Honeymoon room set up
- Thai style wedding ceremony
- Traditional Thai wedding with monks
- Flower arch
- Bouquet and flower garland for bride
- Corsage or flower garland for groom
- Champagne breakfast in bed for two
Rates start from 70,000 THB
All rates are in THB. 10% service charge and 7% applicable government tax apply.
Package is subject to availability, seasonal variations and change without notice.
All prices quoted are for organising wedding events in 2011-2012 only.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hotels in Magenta Shores, New South Wales
Search & Compare Magenta Shores Hotels
Trending now in Magenta Shores
Hotels in Magenta Shores
- Most bookedPullman Magenta Shores Resort
185 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"We booked 2 villas (2 bedrooms and 3 bedrooms) for a short 1 night stay, and requested for them to be nearby. Was presently surprisedly to find them just next to each other. The kids loved the spacious 2-storeys layout and were most delighted to see the open-concept bathtub. :p Both check-in ..."
A Traveller, Jun 2016, SG
- Magenta Studio RoomNo Guest Reviews yet
5 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Hotels within 5 miles of Magenta Shores
14 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Good one night stay. Had a great secure room. good of season price."
A Traveller, May 2016, AU
7 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Clean accommodation with good facilities for kids, close to the beach."
A Traveller, Nov 2015, AU
7 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"The hotel staff were amazing and the stay was great."
A Traveller, Sep 2015, AU
- Bridgeview MotelNo Guest Reviews yet
7 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Short stay to get away from Sydney for the weekend"
A Traveller, Jun 2016, AU
6 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"We booked a Jabiru cabin for two nights which included linen, towels etc. so we only needed to bring personal items. There was a queen size bed in one room and two sets of double bunks in the other room, with a small but neat ensuite and a fully equipped kitchen. It was just right for a relaxing ..."
A Traveller, Sep 2015, AU
6 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"It was great to get away for a weekend. The little villa right by the water was so peaceful and relaxing. Staff were great and friendly. Would definitely go back again!"
A Traveller, Mar 2016, AU
6 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"It was comfortable and clean in a quiet area close to shops and restaurants (nice Thai restaurant across the road)"
A Traveller, Feb 2016, AU
Best hotels in Magenta Shores
If you are looking for Magenta Shores hotels in a particular area, you can use the search feature at the top of the page to search by neighborhood, landmark, address or zip code, or you can search by using the built-in map feature. You can also browse hotels in Magenta Shores by type, amenities, and star-rating so that you can find the best hotel. Currently, top rated hotels in Magenta Shores are:
- Pullman Magenta Shores Resort
- Magenta Studio Room
- Norah Head Holiday Park
- Two Shores Holiday Village
- Canton Beach Holiday Park
The location of your Magenta Shores hotel is important. If you are traveling to Magenta Shores, &StateorCountry for business, you may want to consider getting a hotel close to the airport or near your meeting venue. By doing so, you can really cut down on transportation costs and time. You may also want to book a hotel that offers free wifi just in case you need to get some work done.
If you are traveling for vacation, figure out which attractions or landmarks you want to see and book a hotel that is within close proximity. Although hotels near attractions might cost a little more, you may find that spending those extra few dollars is worth the convenience. You can even find hotels that align with your interests. For example, if you are looking for a relaxing vacation, a spa hotel may be the perfect choice for you.
You'll also want to determine which type of accommodations will suit your needs before booking a hotel in Magenta Shores. If you're traveling with the kiddos, a family friendly hotel will offer larger rooms and more sleeping arrangements. For those traveling for an extended period of time, booking a hotel suite with a kitchenette is a smart move and will feel a little more like home. If you are budget conscience and just need a place to rest your head, a hostel or motel may be all you need.
If you are looking to score the best discounts and deals, use the filter to sort by price from low to high. You can book a hotel in Magenta Shores for as low as $109 per night. If you are looking to cut down on expenses, look for hotels that include free breakfast and parking. Some hotels even offer free shuttle service to and from nearby places. You can also sort by star rating, proximity, and guest rating.
Before you book, check out user reviews. Hotels.com has 81 reviews in Magenta Shores. We show reviews from Expedia and TripAdvisor so you know that you are reading genuine, reliable reviews. Be sure to download the Hotels.com app so you can book your reservations on the go, view amenities, and save the hotels you want to view and compare later.


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From Our Editors
Salvere Health & Fitness is a one-stop shop for fitness and overall health—owner Lisa Martin has got experience and concrete certifications in the realms of dietary health and personal training. And all of her holistically minded services aim to heal and preempt future issues. Deep-tissue massage relieves pain and strain, while one-on-one fitness training helps clients surpass their wellness goals, from simply losing weight to building the endurance to backflip across the ocean.


text:
Ventura Cruise Review by Peter Smith: West Med Weight watchers trip
Overall Member Rating
West Med Weight watchers trip
Destination: Europe - Western Mediterranean
Embarkation: Southampton
Super ship but disappointed with Itinerary. Just five Ports to visit in 12 days Initial three days at sea before reaching Barcelona frankly seemed too long.
Why for example pass Vigo, Lisbon,Malaga, or even Palma and forge on all the way to Barcelona cannot comprehend the thinking behind this. On the plus side the Entertainment particularly the Dancers and Singers were truly awesome.
They put on a breathtaking show every night each one on a different theme. The Costumes and sets on a par with any West End Production. Comedians and Solo acts also very good. The Lectures were first class. But dear oh dear the
Dining Room was a monumental disappointment. The word miniscule would best describe the size of every portion no matter what the dish on offer. Certainly one did not have to watch one`s weight when tackling the Menu this had been taken care of for you. Less
Published 09/19/11
Read more Ventura cruise reviews >>
Read Cruise Critic's Ventura Review >>
Cabin review: JCR631 Outside Twin with Balcony and Shower
We were on Deck 14 Balcony Twin very satisfied although balcony was in shade most of time due to overhang of Deck 15 otherwise quite satisfied. Steward was first rateRead All Outside Twin with Balcony and Shower (JC) Reviews >>
Port and Shore Excursions
First time here lovely place also so near to Monte Carlo and Nice a must
Ruined our holiday and joint 2...
Thomson Majesty
Exceeded Expectations
Harmony of the Seas July 10, 2...
Return to Ventura
Overcrowded and noisy.
Good Value for Money; Nice Shi...
Ventura Med May.
Money, money, money
Much Better than Expected
Great Experience First Time Ou...
4th visit to Norway and this t...
Sponsored Links


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Fun.Sat, February 2, 2013 - 8:00 PMRadio City Music Hall in New York, NY
We are sorry, the date for this event has already passed. This event took place on 2/2/2013. Click here to view upcoming events for Fun..
Still unsure? Check out our user reviews for:
Have a question? Need help? Call us at 800.477.5285


text:
Oakdale emergency crews were busy Friday night, Feb. 7 around 8:30 p.m. when police and fire units were called out to the 400 block of S. Wood Avenue after a car crashed into a house.
Despite an earlier decision less than three months ago where council members publicly criticized the premise, the Oakdale City Council reversed its position about paying a third of a Stanislaus Consolidated Fire Protection District study on a fire department merger.
Assemblymember Kristin Olsen, R-Modesto, has asked the Joint Legislative Audit Committee to complete an audit before the end of this year on the policies and procedures of adopting, updating and installing new electronic processing systems within the Department of Consumer Affairs (DCA).
A significant increase in fines for water theft was unanimously approved at the Oakdale Irrigation District Board of Directors regular meeting on Feb. 4.
The Oakdale Cowboy Museum was filled with people Wednesday, Jan. 29 as the crowd came for the official opening of the museum's newest exhibit, "The Tales of the Yosemite Back Country, Mather Saddle & Pack Station, operated by the Barnes Family since 1929" in conjunction with the 150th anniversary of the Yosemite Grant Act.
The Oakdale Lions Club will host the annual Don Osborne Memorial Run for the Library on Saturday, Feb. 8, rain or shine, beginning at the library, corner of G Street and South First Avenue.
Lee Lundrigan, Stanislaus County Clerk Recorder & Registrar of Voters reports her staff will perform marriage ceremonies on Valentine's Day at the main City / County Building located at 1010 Tenth Street in Modesto.
With water becoming more of a valuable resource this dry season, Oakdale city officials are contemplating the idea of finding a way to utilize treated wastewater for irrigation purposes or to possibly recharge the city's eight deep ground water wells.
Oakdale Mayor Pat Paul will deliver the State of the City address today, Wednesday, Jan. 29 at the Gene Bianchi Community Center, 110 S. Second Ave., Oakdale.
In a 4-1 vote at a special meeting on Tuesday, Jan. 28, the Oakdale Irrigation District Board of Directors approved rescinding their action from the Jan. 23 special meeting where they had originally voted to send out a mailer to OID landowners to see about their interest in voluntarily fallowing land in order to make water available for a transfer to the Westlands Water District. Director Jack Alpers was the dissenting vote. To clarify, OID won't send out fliers.
With water becoming more of a valuable resource this dry season, Oakdale city officials are contemplating the idea of finding a way to utilize treated wastewater for irrigation purposes or to possibly recharge the city's eight deep groundwater wells.
A full parking lot and a standing room only crowd that spilled into the hallway of the Oakdale Irrigation District offices was the scene at a special meeting of the OID Board of Directors on Jan. 23. On the agenda was a single closed session item of a potential water sale to the "federal and state export contractors" on the agenda.
More than 200 people came out to the Gene Bianchi Community Center for the Oakdale Chamber of Commerce's 68th Annual Awards Dinner on Friday night, Jan 17.
Agricultural education funding in the state's public schools has been eliminated in California Governor Gerry Brown's recently released 2014-2015 proposed budget.
Stanislaus County health officials have advised that influenza, specifically the H1N1 virus, is active once again in the county.
Page 73 of 166
Agustin 'Augie' Beltran of Oakdale was elected as the chair of the Contractors State License Board (CSLB) for the 2016-2017 fiscal year by his colleagues ...
A good way to beat the sizzling summer sun is to stay indoors, preferably in a nice, cool, air-conditioned environment.
Columbia's Glorious 4th of July Celebration begins with an 11 a.m. flag raising and black powder musket salute Monday, July 4, followed by ...
Residents young and old alike will do their best to keep cool and beat the heat, as June ends with a 100-plus degree heat wave ...
Members supporting the Oakdale High School Music Boosters busied themselves stocking their Fireworks booth on Tuesday afternoon in the SaveMart Parking lot. Theirs, along with ...
Recently released notes from a June 7 Oakdale Irrigation District closed session meeting raise questions to the veracity of court declarations made by new directors ...
After breaches of confidentiality in closed session regarding a lawsuit, sworn declarations to the plaintiffs' attorney, and public bashing on social media by two of ...
Oakdale's JV baseball team was busy this past week with summer ball action, taking part in the Bob Loureiro Invitational Tournament hosted at Escalon ...
Page 7 of 7
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More Specific Criteria Needed to Classify Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities
GAO-05-825T: Published: Jun 16, 2005. Publicly Released: Jun 16, 2005.
Additional Materials:
- Highlights Page:
- Full Report:
- Accessible Text:
(202) 512-3000
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
Medicare classifies inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRF) using the "75 percent rule." If a facility can show that during a 12-month period at least 75 percent of its patients required intensive rehabilitation for 1 of 13 listed conditions, it may be classified as an IRF and paid at a higher rate than for less intensive rehabilitation in other settings. Because this difference can be substantial, it is important to classify IRFs correctly. GAO was asked to discuss issues relating to the classification of IRFs, and in April 2005 it issued a report, Medicare: More Specific Criteria Needed to Classify Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities (GAO-05-366). For that report, GAO analyzed data on all Medicare patients (the majority of patients in IRFs) admitted to IRFs in fiscal year 2003, spoke to IRF medical directors, and had the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convene a meeting of experts to evaluate the use of a list of conditions in the 75 percent rule. This testimony is based on the April 2005 report.
As noted in the April 2005 report, GAO found that in fiscal year 2003 fewer than half of all IRF Medicare patients were admitted for having a primary condition on the list in the 75 percent rule. Almost half of all patients with conditions not on the list were admitted for orthopedic conditions, and among those the largest group was joint replacement patients. The experts IOM convened said that uncomplicated unilateral joint replacement patients rarely need to be admitted to an IRF, and GAO analysis suggested that relatively few of the Medicare unilateral joint replacement patients had comorbid conditions that suggested a possible need for the IRF level of services. Additionally, GAO found that only 6 percent of IRFs in fiscal year 2003 were able to meet a 75 percent threshold. GAO also found that IRFs varied in the criteria used to assess patients for admission, using patient characteristics such as functional status, as well as condition. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), working through its fiscal intermediaries, had not routinely reviewed IRF admission decisions to determine whether they were medically justified, although it reported that such reviews could be used to target problem areas. The experts IOM convened and other clinical and nonclinical experts GAO interviewed differed on whether conditions should be added to the list in the 75 percent rule. The experts IOM convened questioned the strength of the evidence for adding conditions to the list--finding the evidence for certain orthopedic conditions particularly weak--and some of them reported that little information was available on the need for inpatient rehabilitation for cardiac, transplant, pulmonary, or oncology patients. They called for further research to identify the types of patients that need inpatient rehabilitation and to understand the effectiveness of IRFs. There was general agreement among all the groups of experts interviewed that condition alone is insufficient for identifying appropriate types of patients for inpatient rehabilitation, since within any condition only a subgroup of patients require the level of services of an IRF, and that functional status should also be considered in addition to condition. GAO concluded that if condition alone is not sufficient for determining which types of patients are most appropriate for IRFs, more conditions should not be added to the list at the present time and the rule should be refined to clarify which types of patients should be in IRFs as opposed to another setting.
Jul 7, 2016
Drug Shortages:Certain Factors Are Strongly Associated with This Persistent Public Health ChallengeGAO-16-595: Published: Jul 7, 2016. Publicly Released: Jul 7, 2016.
Jun 23, 2016
Defense Health Care:Availability and Quality Measurement of Women's Health Care Services in U.S. Military HospitalsGAO-16-596: Published: Jun 23, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 23, 2016.
Jun 20, 2016
Federal Autism Activities:Agencies Are Encouraging Early Identification and Providing Services, and Recent Actions Could Improve CoordinationGAO-16-446: Published: May 20, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 20, 2016.
Jun 15, 2016
Food and Drug Administration:Comprehensive Strategic Planning Needed to Enhance Coordination between Medical Product CentersGAO-16-500: Published: May 16, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 15, 2016.
Medical Product Oversight:FDA Needs More Strategic Planning to Guide Its Scientific InitiativesGAO-16-432: Published: May 16, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 15, 2016.
Jun 9, 2016
Medicare Fee-For-Service:Opportunities Remain to Improve Appeals ProcessGAO-16-366: Published: May 10, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 9, 2016.
Jun 7, 2016
VA Health Care:Improvements Needed for Management and Oversight of Sole-Source Affiliate Contract DevelopmentGAO-16-721T: Published: Jun 7, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 7, 2016.
Jun 3, 2016
VA's Health Care Budget:In Response to a Projected Funding Gap in Fiscal Year 2015, VA Has Made Efforts to Better Manage Future BudgetsGAO-16-584: Published: Jun 3, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 3, 2016.
Jun 1, 2016
Medicare:Utilization and Expenditures for Complex Wheelchair AccessoriesGAO-16-640R: Published: Jun 1, 2016. Publicly Released: Jun 1, 2016.
May 24, 2016
Medicare Program:Continued Action Required to Address Weaknesses in Provider and Supplier Enrollment ControlsGAO-16-703T: Published: May 24, 2016. Publicly Released: May 24, 2016.
Looking for more? Browse all our products here


text:
Genpact to Acquire EmPower Research
Genpact Ltd. G -0.08 % , the Gurgaon-based business process outsourcing and technology company, said Thursday it will acquire media and business research firm EmPower Research.
"The acquisition will add significant expertise and intellectual property to Genpact's Smart Decision Services business, comprising analytics, research, reengineering and risk management services," Genpact said in a statement.
The company did not disclose the terms of the deal. But it was expected to be completed by end of this month (Sept.), the statement said.
"EmPower Research, a front-runner in social media with a uniquely process-driven culture, strong domain expertise and high-caliber senior management team, is a fantastic fit for our business, with numerous cross-sell opportunities, particularly in the pharmaceutical and CPG industries," Genpact President N. V. Tiger Tyagarajan said in the press statement.
EmPower Research, an integrated media and business research company, has nearly 360 employees based in New York, Bangalore, Cincinnati, New Jersey, San Francisco, and London.
Write to Vibhuti Agarwal at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Target Rifle Victoria is the governing body for small-bore and air rifle shooting in Victoria. If you have never tried out the sport we encourage you to find out more about what the sport can offer you - friendship, a chance to compete equally, and the opportunity to participate in events across the state.
We are affiliated with our national body, Target Rifle Australia, and you can therefore compete at events interstate. For those with even more ambition, our affiliation through the Australian International Shooting Limited provides a pathway to the Olympic and Commonwealth Games.
Target Rifle Victoria and Victorian Amateur Pistol Association will host the 2016 Junior Championships at the Melbourne International Shooting Club. There will be a range or disciplines open to Junior Competitors and plenty of faces to meet.
The competition will be held on the 17th and 18th of September and Entries close on the 2nd of September.
Please consult the competition flyer for more information
Part II of the State Championships were held at Target Rifle Geelong this year to decide the State Champions for 20m, 90m, and Dual Range. Saturday was the 20m event which saw a total of 62 entries made up of 30 for benchrest and 32 for prone... read more
The Sporting Clubs Grants Program is now open!
Grants are available in three categories:
To see if your club is eligible for a Sporting Club Grant and for more information on the program, please visit www.sport.vic.gov.au/grants or call the Grants Information Line on 1300 366 356.
Applications for the Sporting Club Grants Program close on 29 July 2016.
One competition, six sections, 10 rounds, 32 teams, 155 competitors, 1,437 cards, 7,866 centrals, 28,740 shots fired and 267,685 points... read more
6th of August - Warren Potent & Graham Lawler Round 4
20th of August - Shepparton 36th Annual Prize Meeting
21st of August - Numurkah Prize Meeting
3rd of September - Warren Potent & Graham Lawler Round 5
50m Prone Pennant: 1st February - 10th April
20m Prone Pennant: 2nd May - 7th August
20m Bench Pennant: 23rd May - 31st July
10m Air Pennant: 22nd August - 30th October
50m Bench Pennant: 5th September - 13th November


text:
Choose Between Two Options
- $20 for $40 worth of kids' clothes and accessories
- $15 for $30 worth of kids' clothes and accessories
Kidz Clothes & More
Established: 2013
Parking: Free street parking
Most popular offering: New name-brand children's clothing
Pro Tip: We're not a consignment store. We are a reseller of new name-brand kids clothes. We will save you money.
Walk-ins Welcome: Yes
133 South Main Street
Leslie, MI 49251
+15179103227Get Directions


text:
Did You Know?
American black bears are generally shy animals who prefer deep woods and a diet of mostly plants. If you encounter a black bear, it's almost always possible to make the interaction a peaceful one. Get the tools you need to coexist with bears, and see what you can do to help stop some of the cruel practices aimed at these animals.
Victory for Bears in California!
California governor Jerry Brown signed a bill to prohibit the cruel hounding of bears and bobcats in his state. Read the great news!Learn More
June 22, 2016
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission votes to postpone bear hunt
May 9, 2016
Under the Gun: Grizzly Bears Around Yellowstone National Park May Soon Be Delisted and Hunted
April 18, 2016
Ian Somerhalder to USFWS Director Dan Ashe: Delisting Yellowstone's Grizzlies is Premature
April 12, 2016
American Voters Oppose Delisting Greater Yellowstone Area Grizzly Bears from Endangered Species Act Protections
March 3, 2016
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Proposes to Prematurely Delist Greater Yellowstone Area Grizzly Bears from the Endangered Species Act


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The Lloyds
A family of retards on a collision course with slapstick wackiness!
Ingus, your new favorite redneck.
Follow the life of Starwell the Starfish!
Classic sick Kung-Fu skills with stick people
Zhu thanks ^^
It's been YEARS since I have watched this video. This was the gateway video that brought me to liking stick figures and all of that. Coming back to this, it still gives me that energetic flow from the first day I found this video. Xiao Xiao was my first, and will always be my favorite stick series! Zhu, you rule. :)
Crazy kung fu skills with stick people its awesome!
This movie will be a 12 year old!
Just like holyhelltv i have watched this years ago, and still like it! And just as he says, this is what inspires people to make stick figure motions: to create something as awesome as this. I even tried it learning from this, but Pivot isn't the smoothest program unfortunatly :(


text:
Subject: Re: [OMPI users] FRQ: Warn if components specified but missing
From: Jeff Squyres (jsquyres_at_[hidden])
Date: 2008-08-04 09:48:22
Thanks for the feedback! Sorry the lack of a clear error message
caused you pain. :-(
FWIW, we do have this feature in the upcoming v1.3 release. For
[6:46] svbu-mpi:~/mpi % mpirun -np 2 --mca btl openibbbb,self hello
A requested component was not found, or was unable to be opened. This
means that this component is either not installed or is unable to be
used on your system (e.g., sometimes this means that shared libraries
that the component requires are unable to be found/loaded). Note that
Open MPI stopped checking at the first component that it did not find.
Host: svbu-mpi.cisco.com
Framework: btl
Component: openibbbb
Hopefully, this will help such situations in the future.
On Aug 4, 2008, at 9:23 AM, Bernhard Hermann wrote:
> Hi,
> We would like to request a warning/error message to be printed
> whenever
> a component (like "openib") is specified, but not actually loaded.
> Our case: Running a job via "tcp" over IB went OK, trying to use
> "openib" failed. It turned out that while compiling the "openib"
> module
> wasn't made (missing path), so OpenMPI croaked when trying to access
> it.
> This was the error that was of little help to us in tracing the
> problem:
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Process 0.1.7 is unable to reach 0.1.0 for MPI communication.
> If you specified the use of a BTL component, you may have
> forgotten a component (such as "self") in the list of
> usable components.
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------
> It looks like MPI_INIT failed for some reason; your parallel process
> is
> likely to abort. There are many reasons that a parallel process can
> fail during MPI_INIT; some of which are due to configuration or
> environment
> problems. This failure appears to be an internal failure; here's some
> additional information (which may only be relevant to an Open MPI
> developer):
> PML add procs failed
> --> Returned "Unreachable" (-12) instead of "Success" (0)
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------
> *** An error occurred in MPI_Init
> *** before MPI was initialized
> *** MPI_ERRORS_ARE_FATAL (goodbye)
> Unfortunately we can't provide a patch and would be glad if someone
> could implement and include this.
> Thanks for your attention,
> best regards,
> Bernhard HERMANN
> init.at informationstechnologie GmbH.
> Mariahilfer Str. 61/1/10
> 1060 Wien/Vienna
> Austria - EU
> Tel: +43 1 522 53 77 - 35
> http://www.init.at
> hermann_at_[hidden]
> _______________________________________________
> users mailing list
> users_at_[hidden]
> http://www.open-mpi.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/users
Jeff Squyres
Cisco Systems


text:
Win, Lose, Drew by Drew Litton
- May 30, 2013
- From Beginning
- Previous feature
- Next feature
- Current
Comments (3) (Please sign in to comment)
I was so glad when my son wanted out of little league.
Parents that pull these kinds of shenanigans at their kids' performances (whatever type they are) usually fall into one of two categories: Either they were complete failures at their own lives (and therefore the kid is their shot at "redemption"), or they're so hyper-competitive that EVERYTHING has to be a victory to them (and heaven help the poor child that doesn't come in first place in everything).
Both are great ways to have your kid grow up to resent you, but I suppose foresight is a rare commodity these days.
Well, it's not only the parents who are bad sports. We unfortunately had a 17 year old soccer goalie blind-side punch a referee here in Utah, after receiving a yellow-card. The referee died.
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text:
Hi Everyone! im Jessi Chawn cosplayer from Asia ^^ https://www.facebook.com/jessi093
Hello everybody! My name is Steven. I really hope to know other people from all the world thanks to cosplay! ^_^ WHAT IS COSPLAY FOR ME I think that cosplay is meant to be something that everyone can do to show respect and admiration to the characters one likes and to have fun with your friends and other people that share your same passion THINGS I LIKE Saint Seiya Dynasty and Samurai Warriors Katekyo Hitman Reborn Vocaloid Hetalia Attack on Titan
Hi, I'm Lou from Indonesia. Will you be my friends?
I'm Aya. I love Visual Kei, lolita and cosplay. A senior software engineer and part-time graphic designer. I am also a makeup artist, prop and costume-maker and hobbyist photographer. Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ayaxeloicosplay Twitter: https://twitter.com/twinklejourney Tumblr: http://twinklejourney.tumblr.com/ DeviantArt: http://mydeadlylover.deviantart.com/
I my name is mana = 3 I hope you like my pictures <3
Hello~ My name is Serena and I really love anime, manga and movies. I've been cosplaying for more than two years now, time sure flies! I really love what I do and the people that I've met through this beautiful hobby ~
I love manga, anime and anything related to it. ^ ^ I am a Spanish Cosplayer since 2005, I like meeting new people and make friends. I love Japan and Japanese culture. ^ ^ - Facebook Page: https://www.facebook.com/AriadnaColoCosplay -Curecos: http://en.curecos.com/profile/?ch=177097 -Deviantart: http://uchiha3233itachi.deviantart.com/ -Cosplay.com: http://www.cosplay.com/gallery/m99771/ -ACparadise: http://www.acparadise.com/acp/display.php?a=73164
おはよう みなさん! I'm StarDust★Blader I'm a Filipino-Canadian cosplayer from Montréal, QC, Canada. I'm a rookie with a BIG dream ^^ I believe EVERYONE deserves to cosplay :3 みなさん、どうぞよろしくお願いします! •FB: https://www.facebook.com/TSUKINoStarDustCosplay •Deviant: http://stardustdrivedragon.deviantart.com/ •Cospix: Cospix:https://cospix.net/14180 •WC: http://worldcosplay.net/member/307164 •WC: http://worldcosplay.net/member/356527 •Tumblr: https://www.tumblr.com/blog/stardustblader
Hi, my name is kim. Cosplayer Thailand
Hello!!! My name is Yami IG : SHIBATA_YAMI I love Cosplay 😘 I come from Thailand nice to meet you~~♡
Le cosplay est un art et n'a de limite que celle de l'imagination Facebook page : https://www.facebook.com/AureliosCosplay


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Multiple positive reviews cover all that is to be said ... read more
The most common name for this moth is The Angel. Very ... read more
We live in Mountain View,CA and just off the Stevens ... read more
sometimes you just have to have a different perspective ... read more
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|Lynn W.
|Sent on:
|Wednesday, April 24, 2013 2:19 PM
Uke Can Jamm – April 25, 2013
Be sure you are logged onto the club website so you can access all the songs, which can be found in the "Files" section under the "More" tab on the Home page. When you reach the Files section, click the words "Name/Description" so the list will alphabetize. Look up each song by title. Once you've found the proper song listed below, open it and then download and print to bring with you to the jamm. Also bring your ukulele and a stand. Half or more are EZ, the rest a little more challenging.
Remember, you can always invite friends to come along and enjoy the music.
A $3 contribution toward expenses is appreciated.
Blue Eyes Cryin' in the Rain
Deep Elem Blues
Don't Let the Sun Catch You Cryin'
Everybody's Talkin' at Me
Hooked on a Feeling
Horse with No Name
I'm Yours
Let it Be Me
Love Potion #9
Me and Bobby McGee
Memphis, Tennessee
Mrs. Brown, You Got a Lovely Daughter
Never on Sunday
Night and Day
Pistol Packin' Mama
Sloop John B
That's All Right Mama
These Boots are Made for Walkin'
Twilight Time
Ukulele Lady
Viva Ukuleles
Wooly Bully
Yellow Bird
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Search: Child's PlaySearch profiles »
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Bare with my list of movies =D. if i had to summarize it, its basically Star Wars and horror movies. i am kinda lazy to update it The Dark Knight | The Empire Strikes Back | Star Wars | Shaun of the Dead | Hot Fuzz | 3:10 to Yuma | There Will Be Blood |No Country For Old Men |Casino...
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few to name Cheech & Chong, Dumb and Dumber, The Tracey Fragments, House of 1000 Corpses, The Devils Rejects, Shawshank Redemption, Juice, Child's Play, Child's Play 2, Child's Play 3, All the Halloweens and Friday the 13th Movies,Music- I love every Genre known to man but some of my favorites
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The True Horror Movie Geek Test
This is THE True Horror Movie Geek Test. Wannabe's Beware: this is a test for the truly hardcore fan and encompasses mostly horror flicks from the 60'...
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This is my second attempt at a test. It was inspired by a REALLY bad test that I saw on here. The only difference between my test and the other one ...
The Baby's Daddy Test
Let's see if I'd make babies with you.
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Hi! And welcome to my Parenting Test. This test measures your potential parenting style along four parenting styles. If you already have children, ans...
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3/21: Author Meyer on `Standing on the Sun'
Surveillance: Christopher Meyer discusses his book "Standing on the Sun: How the Explosion of Capitalism Abroad Will Change Business Everywhere"
Most Recent Videos
Was the DNC Hack Preventable?
21:45 - Eric O'Neill, Carbon Black's national security strategist, discusses how to respond to government hacks with Bloomberg's Emily Chang on "Bloomberg West." (Source: Bloomberg)


text: Louisiana Eats Curious Romantics & Passionate Investigators: Louisiana Culinary Preservationists By Poppy Tooker • Sep 27, 2014 New York Public Library Listen Listening... / 50:00 Click here to listen to this week's show. If you sit down with Joey Fonseca to discuss alligator hunting, he'll let you know that governmental regulations make his blood boil. But you'll also quickly learn that his excitement for alligator hunting is contagious. Joey is one of this week's guests whose work preserves culinary traditions. Another is Dr. Oliver Houck, an environmental professor at Tulane. His frequent visits to the Mississippi River batture have taught him to love that mysterious place and give him a handful of stories to share. We'll also speak with Jim Heimann and Jarred Zeringue — men who have indirectly documented a time and place by preserving restaurant menus and grandma's recipes, respectably. Community Potlucks — Same Old Values, Brand New Flavors By Poppy Tooker • Sep 19, 2014 Peder Severin Krøyer Since most Louisianians are nurtured to embrace an extraverted social life, getting together is second nature to life in the Bayou State. But as often as bombastic parades and revelries help build our communities, spending time over at ya mom's house is just as important. On this week's Louisiana Eats! we're joined by a group of guests who want nothing more than for you to be comfortable in your own home. Nancy Vienneau tells us how the monthly gatherings at her house turned her neighbors into friends; David and Lesley Solomonson help build an inexpensive liquor cabinet; and Johnette Downing keeps the kids entertained with upbeat songs about Louisiana cuisine. On The Record With Donald Link: Candid Stories From A Bold Chef By Poppy Tooker • Sep 5, 2014 Thomas Walsh At one point during his cooking career, Donald Link's co-workers nicknamed him "Hot Shot." Was it deserved? That depends on who you ask. Donald shares his side of the story with us in a revealing interview that takes you from the rock and roll kitchens of San Francisco to his award-winning restaurants in New Orleans. Ready For Second Helpings: Bill Cosby, Jeff Henderson And Sean Wilsey By Poppy Tooker • Aug 29, 2014 NBC Listen Listening... / 50:00 Click here to listen to this week's show. When Bill Cosby announced his return to television this past week, we were delighted to share our exclusive interview with this comedy legend. Bill talks about his fondness for gumbo, some backstage shenanigans from a local crew, and reflections from the Civil Rights era. Plus Jeff Henderson's new television program is helping Mom & Pop restaurants curtail their menus in healthier directions. Stuffed shrimp from Eddie's Restaurant in Shreveport is on Jeff's list, but the mythology behind their iconic food might intrigue you even more. We'll get the report from Chris Jay, then speak with Sean Wilsey about More Curious, his new book. Personal Eating Choices: A Small Dietary Debate By Poppy Tooker • Aug 22, 2014 Time Magazine/Inflanation Listen Listening... / 50:00 Click here to listen to this week's show. With so much dissenting information over dietary choices, it's tough to know which regime is right for you. We're not choosing sides, but in the next hour on Louisiana Eats! we'll speak with experts who know where they firmly stand. Nina Teicholz spent nine years researching The Big Fat Surprise, which advocates a diet of meat, cheese, dairy and eggs. Not your style? Stick around for Wynnie Stine's reflections on The Moosewood Collective, an innovative restaurant built on 60's idealism. We'll also visit Veggie Fest in New Orleans, screen The 100 Foot Journey, and confront stress eating with nutritionist Molly Kimball. Porters, Guezes And IPAs: Three Distinctive Beers At The Avenue Pub By Poppy Tooker • Aug 11, 2014 Thomas Walsh There's no shortage of bars in New Orleans, but if you're looking to get a specialty craft beer the The Avenue Pub should be among the first places you go. Years ago, Polly Watts inherited the business from her father and turned it around from it's original Miller-Coors-Budweiser base. Now it's one of the South's leading craft beer bars and a favorite spot for beer enthusiasts. Pull up a stool to have a drink with Polly on this week's Louisiana Eats! Stay Indoors Or Get Out Of Town: Ways To Beat The Heat By Poppy Tooker • Aug 8, 2014 Ragulin Vitality When it's unbearably hot in Louisiana, there's not much you can do to beat the heat. Take a tip from the guests on this week's Louisiana Eats!: cool down with a brew or leave town for a couple of weeks. Tradition Begs For Evolution: Changing Federal Policy & Reviving Local Customs By Poppy Tooker • Aug 2, 2014 Thomas Walsh Listen Listening... / 50:00 Click here to listen to this week's show. Michel Nischan, Toby Rodriguez and Brian Kyzar are all men with grand ambitions. Even though they work in different parts of the country, they each plan to bring about changes within their niche of the food industry. Michel's been in the game for over 35 years. Among the many jobs he's had, Michel's done farm work, cooked in a kitchen, and opened a restaurant with Paul Newman. Now he's focused on changing food policy on the federal level. We hope you'll be as inspired by Michel as we have. Then we'll speak with Toby Rodriguez and Brian Kyzar as they prepare for a pop-up dinner on Frenchmen Street. They're joining us to talk about reviving the Cajun traditions that were on the verge of extinction as little as five years ago. Plus, Dr. Gourmet returns and Poppy shares a recipe for fried shrimp heads: don't let them go to waste! Farm To Table International Symposium Hosts Food Policy Advocate Michel Nischan By Poppy Tooker • Aug 1, 2014 Farm to Table Symposium Michel Nischan grew up spending time on his grandfather's farm, so the thought of eating fresh food was second nature to him. As he got older, he worked in kitchens and found out most of his customers weren't too keen on the idea. He had to lie to them about where he was getting their food. But as people's attitudes toward food changed, Michel's ideas gained in popularity. He's often cited as on the most influential food policy makers in the past decade. From Urban Farms To Oyster Reefs: How The LSU AgCenter Improves Lives In Louisiana By Poppy Tooker • Jul 19, 2014 Robert and Talbot Trudeau / Flickr The LSU AgCenter fosters agricultural, engineering and scientific programs across the state. On this week's Louisiana Eats!, we go across the state to hear how Ag agent Grace Peterson is connecting Shreveport residents with regional food. We'll also cultivate tomatoes with Bobby Fletcher near the Mississippi River and float downstream with Dr. John Bell to learn how the Louisiana oyster can help rebuild coastal wetlands. We travel from the Gulf of Mexico to Shreveport's urban farms on this week's Louisiana Eats! Pages« first ‹ previous … 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 … next › last »


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I would like to apologize on the lack of updates to the Creatures Content Installer as of late. We are currently drafting up ideas for CCI v2.1, which currently include:
- Mini UI (similar to the Windows Installer UI)
- Status update on what is being copied
- Code Optimization
And we may possibly include some pre-made translations in the download.
Work on 2.1 will commence around Christmas Time.... read more
Development on CCI 2.1 is now in progress. Changes include support for the other Creatures games, a few bug fixes, cleaned up code and more.
The 2.0 release of the Creatures Content Installer is now out. Among other changes, the biggest updates are:
Complete C3/DS support
Translation Support
Silent Mode
Ability to pass a different INI file.
The file release is out now, and code is avaliable in SVN.
CCI 1.1 was never released, because I changed so much that 1.1 would be an insult to the ammount of code change. 2.0 will be out soon, just performing final testing.
There will be a release 1.1 of the CCI soon. This will improve the installation for Creatures 3, with catalog support.
Stay tuned...
I apologize for the lack of updates, but I have got around to uploading the final 1.0 release to subversion. Enjoy!
(N.B. File release coming soon!)
The source code (Beta 4SE, designed for the CCSF, Creaturs Community Disk) is now avaliable in subversion, in trunk. The main source is script.au3 which is a AutoIT v3 source code file (AutoIT is freely avaliable from http://www.autoitscript.com\).
Work still needs to be done on the script (e.g. I need to check the catalog installer bit and copy some missing code into the C1 and C3 sections) but it is fully working. A binary release will be avaliable in the coming weeks.


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Definition of bless you! in English:
bless you!
Said to a person who has just sneezed.
From the phrase (may) God bless you
Example sentences
- I was just wondering why people say 'bless you' when someone sneezes.
- When someone tells me 'God Bless you' when I sneeze, I feel a little more cared for.
Definition of bless you! in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
= trending


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Boys avoid temptation, do right thing
Published: Wednesday, January 23, 2002 at 6:01 a.m.
Last Modified: Tuesday, January 22, 2002 at 11:00 p.m.
While most school-age children spent Monday immersed in TV cartoons or rollerblading on neighborhood sidewalks, five young Houma boys wrestled with a moral dilemma.
The boys, all students at Broadmoor Elementary School, found a wallet full of cash in the apartment complex parking lot where two of them live.
Some of their friends told them they should keep the nearly $700 inside, but the boys decided that the right thing to do was to make sure it got back into the hands of its rightful owner.
"It amazed all of the parents yesterday," said Cindy Broussard, mother of one of the youngsters. "They just turned it in; they didn't hesitate."
Jacob Rydberg, 10, and his friend Cain Michel, 11, said they were on their way to get Michel's camera to photograph the "excellent stunts" they had been performing with their bicycles when they stumbled across the brown wallet.
They, like other area students, did not have school Monday because of the Martin Luther King Jr. holiday.
The boys took the wallet, which contained the cash, a driver's license and several credit cards, back to the spot where the rest of their friends were waiting and showed them what they found.
"We said we should turn it in," Michel said, "but the older boys tried to talk us into keeping the money."
It was tempting; they admitted; but Michel; Rydberg; Austin Rydberg, 7; Hunter Stewart, 11; and Dexter Broussard, 10; all decided to bring the wallet to the apartment complex office where Stewart's mom worked.
Sherri Stewart said the wallet belonged to one of the apartment tenants.
"He came to my office to claim the wallet and confirmed that nothing was missing," Sherri Stewart said.
Jacob Rydberg said the boys found out later that the money was from the man's recently cashed paycheck.
"We found out that he worked offshore, and that was his rent money," he said.
Sherri Stewart said the man was grateful to have the money back.
"They could have easily kept it, but that was that guy's rent money," said Cindy Broussard. "He had everything in there, his credit cards and everything."
The boys said they did not get a reward for their efforts, but several of their parents said they are thinking of doing something special.
The boys said they did not do anything special; they just thought about how the man would have felt losing all of that money.
"It wouldn't have been nice," Dexter Broussard said.
The five were surprised anyone even cared that they had returned the wallet.
"What's the big deal?" one of them asked when Assistant Principal Jeannie Dagenhardt called them to the office to talk to a Courier reporter.
"Because," she explained to the boys, "a lot of kids would have kept the money."
The boys admitted later that they had been teased for not keeping the money and that many of their friends said that is what they would have done.
That these particular boys did the right thing did not shock Dagenhardt, though.
"They are all excellent kids," she said. "That honesty comes from a lot of good parenting and good schooling."
Sherri Stewart said the man who lost his wallet was upset that he was not able to reward the boys, but one of the other mothers said that might be a good thing.
"We don't want to teach them to do a good deed for money," said Cindy Broussard.
"I am so proud of these boys," Sherri Stewart said. "I truly believe they deserve to be acknowledged."
Their actions, she said, serve as a good model for others in the area -- both children and adults.
Dee Dee Thurston is a staff writer at The Courier. She can be reached at (985) 850-1149 or by e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
Comments are currently unavailable on this article


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Game Details - Scott County
The Scott County Cardinals football team has a home non-conference game vs. Central on Friday, August 12 @ 7p.
MaxPreps is looking for one person to be the Official Scorer! This person will provide LIVE play-by-play for fans to follow along during the game.
If you have any corrections for the Scott County football schedule please contact Support.


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Austin, TXUSA
May 20, 2012
Love mixing food, wine and people together. Then nothing is better than a little outdoor fun to balance things.
Mandola's, Driftwood
I like the venue at House Wine.
Love wine, food and people.
Great! Lots of great nice people.
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Harry Hamm: Weekend Movie Box Office Getting Better?Big bump expected next week with opening of latest Jason Bourne picture.
The Rep Receives Largest-Ever GiftAugustin family gives $1 Million to endow artistic director position
Cincinnati Zoo Opens New $7.5 Million Hippo ExhibitBibi was most recently at the St. Louis Zoo.
Harry Hamm: "Grey Gardens" A Bright Spot For Max & LouieSad story of money and privilege gone awry.
First Lady, James Corden Hit The Road For 'Carpool Karaoke'It was a musical joyride for Michelle Obama as she joined James Corden for a "Carpool Karaoke" session that aired Wednesday on the late-night host's CBS show.
California Couple Claims Prize in Record Powerball JackpotWhile Californians have mused for months about the mystery buyer of a Powerball ticket worth $528.8 million, the couple holding the lucky numbers was busy lining up lawyers and financial advisers to help them handle their enormous winnings.
First Lady's 'Carpool Karaoke' Video Airing TonightMichelle Obama's "Carpool Karaoke" joyride with James Corden will air Wednesday on the late-night host's CBS show.
Netflix: New Episodes of 'Making a Murderer' in Production"The viewers' interest and attention has ensured that the story is not over, and we are fully committed to continuing to document events as they unfold."
80's Rockers Coming to DuQuoin State FairSebastian Bach of Skid Row (pictured) & Tom Keifer of Cinderella take the stage August 27th
"Pets" Slimes "Ghostbusters" At The Box Office"Finding Dory" now the most successful animated movie at the box office of all time.
Harry Hamm: Laughter, Lightning & Lunacy at The MunyThe humor is "alive" at The Muny this week.
World Naked Bike Ride Back in St. Louis SaturdaySpectators and photographers are welcome, but WNBRSTL does ask for people to be respectful.