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6 posts tagged with xbla.
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The Walls Are Shifting...
What is Spelunky? Well, it's a game that's "as generous as it is bloodthirsty," with "astonishing creativity and spectacular depth." First appearing as a freeware PC game in 2008, Spelunky (previously) is a hilariously brutal and oddly addicting marriage of roguelike, platformer, and puzzler. A new version was released for Xbox Live Arcade on July 4th, with updated visuals and a warbly soundtrack that recall the days of SNES gaming, as well as a deathmatch mode that's been compared to the mayhem of Bomberman. If you're anything like me, you'll get hopelessly consumed. (Trailer. Original freeware version for PC and Mac.)
Juu'nen hayain da yo!
"Designed to be understood easily, these training videos are meant for new players and for those who want to see what's new in Final Showdown." As part of their promotion for Virtua Fighter 5 Final Showdown, released June 5/6 for PSN and XBLA, SEGA created surprisingly good tutorial videos to ease new players into the gameplay system of the latest iteration of AM2's Virtua Fighter series. [more inside]
Fez is a Twin Peaks/Link's Awakening/Myst/2001: A Space Odyssey mashup for cubist tetromino cryptographers.
Fez is an independently developed game available on Xbox Live Arcade. It's available for 800 Microsoft funbucks ($10 USD real world currency). [more inside]
How do you give a game a voice? You give it a voice.
Last week saw the first release of this year's Summer of Arcade, Bastion (Trailer 1, Trailer 2). Reactions have generally been very positive, including from the venerable Tom Chick and Kill Screen. Drawing praise are the art, writing (by game critic turned developer Greg Kasavin) and music (unofficial playlist, somewhat spoilery). But most noted has been the dynamic narration that permeates the game. [more inside]
Braid is the latest videogames-are-art posterchild. The mind-bending, time-twisting platformer is currently the most critically acclaimed XBLA game. Jonathan Blow, the designer, is something of a games philosopher. You can listen to a fascinating talk he gave on game design last year here.
Fear is the mind killer
Like a missing entry from Adam Pennyman's Catalogue of Obsolete Entertainments, the game Rez (previously on MeFi) combines abstract visuals with 21st century call-and-response musical theory (subscription site) for a synesthetic experience that changes through the player's on-screen interactions. Playing through four levels; Earth, Mars, Venus, Uranus, and Eden the player's avatar evolves within a sentient computer network as you attempt to free the core AI from suicidal depression. Woefully underpromoted upon release everywhere except Japan, and with few merchandise opportunities available to it, the game slipped into obscurity and attained cult status, retaining almost full value on the second-hand Dreamcast and PS2 markets. Unfortunately for the second-hand market, HD Rez has recently been announced for X-Box Live Arcade in early 2008 in glorious Hi-Def and 5.1 surround. Rejoice!
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"Suicide Squad" B-Roll Footage Reveals Harley Quinn's Classic Jester Costume
Film, Comic Books
TV, Comic Books
Comic Books, TV
The Buy Pile
The Buy Pile
The Mission
Comics Should be Good
Comics Should be Good
Comics Should be Good
Robot 6
Spinoff Online
Spinoff Online
Jul 24, 09:05am
Jul 24, 08:51am
Jul 24, 08:24am
Jul 24, 08:10am
Jul 24, 08:10am
Jul 24, 07:58am
Muncie, IN
Another day, another couple of Dwarves from Peter Jackson's The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey. This time, it's Ken Stott as Balin and Graham McTavish as Dwalin, courtesy of Time.com.
Dwarf Lords in their own right, Balin and Dwalin are close relatives of Thorin. Beyond this, these brothers are two of his most loyal and trusted friends. An old warrior, Balin has lived through hard times and fought many battles, yet he harbors doubts about the wisdom of the Quest to retake the Lonely Mountain. Dwalin has no such forebodings – his belief in Thorin's leadership is unshakeable. A powerful and bruising fighter, with a natural tendency to distrust anyone who is not a Dwarf, particularly anyone who might be an Elf, Dwalin is not someone to cross lightly.
Martin Freeman and Ian McKellen lead an ensemble cast in the two-movie adaptation that also includes Richard Armitage, Jed Brophy, Adam Brown, John Callen, Stephen Fry, Ryan Gage, Mark Hadlow, Peter Hambleton, Stephen Hunter, William Kircher, Sylvester McCoy, Bret McKenzie, Mike Mizrahi, James Nesbitt, Dean O'Gorman, Lee Pace, Mikael Persbrandt, Conan Stevens, Jeffrey Thomas, Aidan Turner, Luke Evans, Benedict Cumberbatch, Evangeline Lilly, Barry Humphries, Cate Blanchett, Orlando Bloom, Ian Holm, Christopher Lee, Hugo Weaving, Elijah Wood and Andy Serkis.
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey opens on Dec. 14, 2012, and The Hobbit: There and Back Again on Dec. 13, 2013.
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HOOVER, Ala. -- Tom Jenkins shot a 5-under par 67 Sunday while his chief competitors were faltering to win the Bruno's Memorial Classic by three strokes.
Jenkins wrapped two 67s around a 66 to finish at 16 under to cruise past Bruce Fleisher and Hale Irwin for just his fourth win in five years on the Champions Tour.
''It was a great day,'' Jenkins said. ''It's always a great
feeling to go head-to-head with those guys and beat them.''
Irwin, a three-time U.S. Open champion, led after each of the
first two rounds, but faded badly with a 1-over 73. He is winless
on the season.
Irwin and Jim Colbert finished five shots back at 11 under to
tie for third.
''It was just one of those days that, if I hit it close, I
missed the putt,'' Irwin said. ''Tom played spectacularly.''
The Champions Tour has 10 winners in its first 10 events, the
longest streak with no repeat winner to start a season.
Jenkins missed a 3-footer for birdie on 15 that would have given
him a two-stroke lead over Fleisher. But Fleisher had a 5-foot putt
break left on the next hole and bogeyed again on No. 18.
Jenkins didn't have to do anything fancy to wrap up the win,
parring the final four holes.
''I thought it was going to come down to the last hole and
somebody's going to have to birdie to win,'' he said. ''But you
never know.''
The tour's top career winner with 36 victories, Irwin made a
rare stumble on the final day and is 0-for-7 this season. He was
the only golfer to make it through the tournament's first 38 holes
without a bogey, then had four in the next 12 holes.
Bad holes came in pairs as Irwin bogeyed the third and fourth,
then missed short putts to bogey Nos. 13 and 14 and fall out of
Irwin, the 2001 Bruno's winner, had a 65-67 in the first two
rounds. He showed his frustration after his early bogeys, throwing
his ball down on No. 4 and leaning on his club in disbelief.
''I just never seemed to get my feet under me,'' he said. ''I
seemed to be left-footing myself all day. Nothing against
left-footers, but I'm right-footed.''
Fleisher stayed in contention until his rough closing stretch.
He and Jenkins both opened the day one stroke behind Irwin, but
overtook him in the first nine holes.
''At 18, I was just trying to save face,'' Fleisher said. ''I
hit about an 8-footer for bogey. What a game! It's humbling.''
With its 12th champion in 12 years, Bruno's tied the
Kroger's Classic for the longest run in a tournament without a
repeat winner ... Colbert had his best tournament of the past two
seasons after finishing no higher than a tie for 12th during that


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Bryan- The Bryan Vikings will meet Lufkin in round two of the Class 5A baseball playoffs.
The Vikes and Panthers will play game one of the best-of-three series Thursday night in Lufkin.
First pitch is slated for 7:30pm.
The scene will shift to Bryan Saturday.
The teams will play at 3pm at the Viking Baseball Complex.
A winner-take-all third game, if needed, would follow.
The Blue Crew eliminated McNeil in its playoff-opening series, two games to one.
Lufkin sidelined Klein Oak.


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Amy Poehler At The Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues Premiere In New York City
Fab or drab?
Preview Your Response
In The News Today
- Hillary Clinton's campaign was reportedly hacked as part of what appears to be a broad cyber attack on Democrats.
- Two brothers suspected of planning terror attacks have been arrested in Belgium, prosecutors say.
- Four people in Florida are likely the first to contract the Zika virus from mosquitos in the US, the state's governor says.


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Tag: Biodiversity - Page 5
New species of porcupine discovered in Brazil's Atlantic Forest
"Given the rate of destruction in this area, where 98 percent of the original Northeastern Atlantic Forest has already been destroyed, imagine how many species could have gone extinct before we even knew about them," says researcher Antonio Pontes.
9 Products That Help Gardeners Create Healthy, Organic Soil
A teaspoon of healthy soil contains more microbes than there are humans on this planet. These products can help you maintain that diversity.
Sustaining Urban Ecosystems with Modular Brick Habitats
These customized bricks provide much-needed habitats for birds, insects and plants in an urban setting.
Newly Discovered Spider Builds Lifelike Decoys
For one tiny spider recently discovered in the Peruvian Amazon, creating an incredibly convincing decoy of itself seems to come naturally.
Pubic Lice Endangered Due to, Ahem, Habitat Loss
In a growing number of places throughout the world, this age-old organism is finding new homes harder to come by.
NeighBirds: Brilliant, Modular Birdhouse Expands Into Bird Neighborhood (Photos)
NeighBirds birdhouses expand to keep bird families together and form a community.
Top 15 Biodiversity Threats/Opportunities to Watch in 2013
Researchers conducted a "horizon scanning" exercise to identify emerging issues that should be watched closely in 2013.
9 Garden Books to Give This Holiday Season
From flower porn, to guerrilla gardening, kids activities and growing your own food, a garden book is the perfect gift for more than just gardeners.
11 Holiday Gifts for Gardeners
From seed bombs to garden gloves and vegan boots, find the perfect gift to please the gardener on your list here.
50 Forgotten Bird Songs Play in a Sydney Alley
An art installation in Australia reminds us of the destructive force of urbanization.
NASA Hints at Secret Data: Did Curiousity Find Signs of Life on Mars?
Curiousity's chief scientist says, "This data is gonna be one for the history books," but wants to double-check before saying what NASA found.
Artist Paints With Beer to Save Animals
Depending on your point of view, this artist's work is either an innovative new use for beer, or the waste of a good beverage. But at least it's for a good cause.
Cornell Mini-Grants Available for Bird Projects, Events
Want to help educate people about urban birds? Cornell Lab of Ornithology has $200-$500 grants available.
Artists Takes Trash to New Heights as Habitat for Urban Birds
A Danish street artists upcyles trash into colorful tiny birdhouses for urban feathered friends.
Pssst! Humans Could Save Endangered Species for a Fraction of Soft Drink Costs
Research published in Science magazine indicates funding for biodiversity commitments must increase.
Ocean Expedition Uncovers a Million New Species
After centuries of scientific study across the Earth's numerous vast and varied ecosystems, it might seem that there would be little left to discover in terms of biological diversity. Think again.
A Vertical Garden That Actually Lives Up To The Term
This Barcelona garden is about as simple as it comes. Only it's 70 feet high.
A Mountain of Heirloom Pumpkins: You'll Never See This in Your Grocery Store
A gathering of heirloom enthusiasts dispels the myth of "consumer choice" in our current food system, and offers a vision of something tastier.


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At GeoNet we're always trying to improve on our services. We don't have a large team, but we try and stretch what resources we have. So…we've just started a re-design of our website, and we want to make sure we get it right - from the ground up - so it's easy as possible to find the information you want. We'd really love your help in building a better website.
We'd love it if you could complete our online survey - it's mobile friendly too! It has 15 questions, and may take between 10 and 15 minutes. Before we get on to the look and feel of the website, we're starting with the basics - how we structure our webpages. We want to know where you would expect to find information about our various hazards. The survey will be up until midday Monday 29th February.
As a small thank you, one "lucky" survey participant will receive this t-shirt from GeoNet, with our thanks. Yes, it's an image of a kitten coming out of a volcano. According to one of our volcanologists, it is a "life-changing image". Note: no New Zealand volcanoes or kittens were harmed in making the t-shirt.
While this t-shirt isn't very serious, we take improving our website very seriously. So, go on, fill out our survey and be in to get this amazing t-shirt (exchanges are available if you don't want to be seen rocking a kitten coming out of a volcano t-shirt).
Dr. Ken Gledhill, Director of GeoNet
When I reflect on the last five years, I see the tremendous growth that has occurred for our GeoNet project. Before the earthquakes, we were a little, rarely discussed seismic and volcanic monitoring network, known mainly by scientists, policy makers, hazard analysts and science fans. That all changed after 4 September 2010 and intensified on 22 February 2011 to a level we were not expecting.
Since then, the positives have been many. What we know about earthquakes since 22 February has taken us to new and unexpected directions that we could not have imagined before the earthquake. We now have GeoNet Rapid, which delivers almost immediate information on earthquakes to our users. We now have 'the GeoNet app', along with our website and social media platforms. We sent out 2,150,890 push notifications (custom app alerts) on the recent Valentine's Day earthquake on 14 February 2016. However, it must be cold comfort for the people of Canterbury that the leaps and bounds in the science come from that earthquake that took so much.
I am acutely aware that the costs of this growth have been exceedingly high. The loss of life, the damage to the city, the suffering of people, is almost unimaginable even five years later. So perhaps the greatest learning for me was how people turned to GeoNet for support. I learned that science can sometimes comfort as well as inform.
With every large earthquake that has come since the 22 February 2011, the first consideration we have now is about the people affected and how we can communicate with them. We have become people centred, always learning more about how to provide the latest and most useful information to all our audiences. In this way, we honour the people of Christchurch, who are still teaching us lessons about resilience and enduring strength.
The GeoNet Team
This recent 5.7 earthquake is a part of the aftershock sequence. This is the first larger earthquake since May 2012. So far, we have had 3,113 felt reports, as well as reports of liquefaction, subsidence (land slumping), rock falls and landslides.
GeoNet's response and support for people in Canterbury
At GeoNet, we have been watching, recording and reporting these earthquakes for five years. We cannot provide assurance that this is the last we have seen of the earthquake sequence. In fact, our probabilities are now higher than before Sunday's earthquake. For quakes between magnitude 5.0 - 5.9, it has been increased from 49 to 63 percent and for magnitude 6.0 - 6.9, it has increased from 6 to 8 percent over the next year (more information below). Our priority continues to be the people of Canterbury. We support and deeply care about the people who are being affected by these earthquakes. Providing the latest information to people in Canterbury is important to us.
As far as preparing, this is a good reminder for people to check their emergency supplies and that emergency plans are up to date. For more information about how to prepare for earthquakes, resources are available here:
Beyond physical preparedness is the emotional and psychological support for these earthquakes. The All Right? Hotline (0800-777-846) is a great resource where you can talk about any anxieties or concerns that you have regarding the earthquakes.
How long will the aftershocks last? It's been five years!
Based on our modelling, there will be increased earthquake activity for decades in Canterbury.The way the sequence is decaying; this means it will likely take decades to return to the pre-Darfield activity levels. This long period of decay has been in our models and online probabilities since the Darfield earthquake in 2010.
For more information, have a look at our previous forecasts.
What will happen next?
We have updated our probabilities of larger or similar sized earthquakes. We cannot predict earthquakes. These probabilities describe the progression of the sequence in Canterbury within the next week, month and year.
This earthquake has already produced 106 aftershocks. Most likely, these earthquakes will become less frequent over time. But people in Christchurch should be aware that there are going to be further earthquakes.
It is more likely than not that there will be another magnitude 5.0 – 5.9. This is the most likely scenario. However, we cannot rule out the possibility of larger earthquakes.
Here is a further breakdown of the numbers we've got aftershock probabilities for the Canterbury region in the next year:
- It is likely (63%) that an earthquake of magnitude 5.0-5.9 will occur.
- It is very unlikely (8%) that an earthquake of magnitude 6.0-6.9 will occur.
- It is extremely unlikely (less than 1%) that an earthquake of magnitude greater than 7.0 will occur in the next year.
About our models
The Canterbury Earthquake sequence has been ongoing since 2010 and we have been modelling the earthquake sequence since that time. We have updated the current model with the new earthquake, and this model includes all the earthquakes that have occurred since the Darfield Earthquake.
This recent earthquake was within our model. At the time of the quake, there was a 49 percent chance of this earthquake happening, with the last forecast model run in November 2015. While Canterbury has been without severe intensity earthquakes since May 2012, this recent earthquake is a reminder that more magnitude 5.0-5.9 earthquakes are likely to occur.
Aftershock Region
Within this sequence, aftershocks will most likely occur anywhere in the box on the map (see image). It is this geographical region for which the modelling is done. It is important to understand that earthquakes can and do happen outside this box but the box represents the most likely area related to this sequence. While this recent earthquake and subsequent aftershocks were in Eastern Christchurch, this does not mean that any future earthquakes will stay or move further east. These earthquakes can occur anywhere in this "aftershock region".
We will update this information as required. 15/02/2016 1:30 p.m.
An earthquake with magnitude 5.7 struck at a depth of about 48 km, approximately 35 km south-east of St Arnaud in the Marlborough region.
Facts about the earthquake
The highest level of impact from our felt reports is one report of strong shaking in Kaikoura. This earthquake was felt widely throughout the central New Zealand, on both the North and South Island. So far we have received more than 3,000 felt reports and climbing.
This quake looks like it is in a similar location to the M6.2 quake last year in April.
PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration) was 0.1g (acceleration due to gravity), 10 km from epicentre. Christchurch 22 Feb. 2011 was over 2g. Cook Strait Earthquake was 0.2g.
There was a "ghost quake", magnitude 4.1 earthquake in Wairoa that has now been deleted.
Regarding Aftershocks. We typically don't feel a large number of aftershocks from this type of earthquake. This is because the earthquake was fairly deep and quite remote.
For more advice on positive actions to take before, during, and after an earthquake, go to Civil Defence's: get ready get thru.
Our scientists are now back in the office and have finished reviewing 2015. We can now confirm that 2015 was mostly harmless. Sure, we had some wobbles (thanks Wilberforce!), and Ngauruhoe woke up a bit…then promptly went back to sleep. Overall, it was a pretty quiet year. Don't get us wrong, we aren't complaining…we like quieter years! Quieter years give us a chance to catch up on research, strengthen our monitoring network, install new equipment and have lunch with Leanne from accounts. One exception was our landslide team, who were kept busy with the effects of Cyclone Pam, earthquakes AND a volcano causing havoc.
Here is the breakdown of 2015… in terms of geological action for New Zealand.
Volcanoes: Turned down in 2015 but still on "simmer"
Like 2014, volcanic activity was relatively minor in 2015. We had a burst of seismic activity at Ngauruhoe in March but by the end of April, it had gone back to sleep. In August, low gas emissions and seismic activity pulled Mt. Tongariro's alert level down to 0 on the Volcanic Alert Level (VAL) scale. This was the first time since before the eruptions in 2012 that the level has been back to 0. White Island continued to puff and splutter away, with typical hydrothermal activity and periods of increased tremor continuing throughout the year, but no eruptions. All other volcanoes were quiet. Mt. Ruapehu's Crater Lake experienced high and low temperatures and a snow and ice avalanche entering and temporarily cooling down areas of the lake by a few degrees.
What 2016 will bring is unknown but the GeoNet monitoring team continues to keep a close eye on New Zealand volcanoes.
Earthquakes: South Island dominates in Quake Stakes
2015 had a shaky start, with the magnitude 6.0 Wilberforce Earthquake. The South Island continued to dominate in the larger earthquakes stakes, with 6.2 earthquake between Kaikoura and St. Arnaud in late April. The South Island continued to rumble when the 5.8 Matukituki quake, near Wanaka, struck a week later. Fortunately, no major injuries or damage was reported from any of the quakes.
After May, New Zealand quieted down, with no major earthquakes (more than a 6.0) reported for the rest of the year. As far as the bigger quakes this year, overall, there were 43 quakes that measured more than 5.0. 31 of those 43 were far offshore, in the Kermadec Islands. The North Island was relatively quiet in 2015, with three quakes more than magnitude 5.0 striking on land while the South Island had double this number, with six in 2015.
Generally, 2015 turned out to be quieter than 2014. Total quakes this year was 20,008, which was slightly less than 2014, which had 20,711.
So what does this mean for 2016? Unfortunately, there is no crystal ball to tell us what our Shaky Isles will do next.
Landslides: Triple Threats
This year, our landslide team had a full plate with landslides caused by earthquakes, massive storms and volcanoes. We had three magnitude 6.0 earthquakes this year, as discussed in the previous section, that triggered landslides and slips in their respective areas.
But the serious action came this year from massive storms, including Tropical Cyclone Pam. Pam wasn't the only storm to grace our shores this year with large storm and rain systems, which created considerable sized floods in the Manawatu region, also generated the largest landslides and slips. We also responded to the rainstorm that affected the Hutt Valley and Kapiti coast in May.
Interestingly, this year, we also had a landslide caused by a volcano! White Island's activity generated a landslide which required further investigation.
2015 was a busy year but we were fortunate that no one was injured as the land continued to slip and slide away.
Slow-slip earthquakes: when the earth moves very slowly
In 2015, our slow-slip earthquakes didn't prove very exciting, as there were two slow-slip events that went on without any acknowledgement.
In Manawatu, a slow-slip earthquake started in mid-2014 and continued for the first half of 2015. Land around Manawatu moved up to 15cm to the east, which is about the length of a Crunchie bar.
In June of 2015 there was also a small slow-slip earthquake offshore of Gisborne. Land in this area is very slowly being pushed west by the colliding tectonic plates. However, land movement reversed direction for around a month and our stations moved 5-10 cm to the east. The amount of movement pales in comparison to the previous slow-slip earthquake in the area, where land moved up to 30 cm. This pattern of large slow-slip earthquakes interspersed by one or two smaller ones is a constant pattern for this area since these were discovered in the early 2000s.
Tsunami: long distance water hug from Chile
GeoNet responded to one tsunami last year – generated by a magnitude 8.3 earthquake off the coast of Chile. The tsunami experts panel estimated wave heights between 0.2-1m for much of the East Coast and the Chatham Islands, necessitating the Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management to issue a beach and marine threat, that was in place for nearly 24 hours.
The resulting tsunami was consistent with the panel's estimates, with the Chatham Islands receiving the largest wave heights – close to 1m. The maximum tsunami height on the East Coast of the mainland was closer to 50cm. Although 50cm doesn't sound like much, it's important to remember this is not a single wave, but a surge of water travelling faster than we can run.
In summary, thanks for the affection, Chile, but we'd prefer no more water hugs from you. While we are at it, we don't want any from you either, Hikurangi Subduction Zone.
Best cam shot of the year:
And that's it! 2015 was a quieter year than the year before…but we like quiet years. But just because 2015 was quieter, it does not mean that 2016 will be the same.
Here are a few helpful places to get more info about preparing for emergencies:
- Get Ready, Get Thru (Ministry of Civil Defence and Emergency Management)
- Get earthquake ready (EQC)
- Live on the East Coast of the North Island? Check out the new East Coast Lab...it's all about earthquakes, tsunami, and what you can do to prepare on the East Coast of the North Island
As announced by Google New Zealand last week, we have been able to distribute our quake information even further thanks to our partnership with Google Public Alerts. Notifications can be received on Android smartphones, or the details found using Google Search or Google Maps on other devices or desktops.
Besides the basic facts, you will also get a map showing the region likely to have been most affected, the likely impacts, and recommended advice from the Ministry of Civil Defence & Emergency Management about what to do during and after an earthquake.
GeoNet is the latest of a number of organisations across the globe that contribute their alerts. These include weather, fire and public safety messages. What these alerts have in common is that they use a messaging standard called CAP (Common Alerting Protocol). Details of GeoNet's quake CAP feed are documented at our new API service. This is our go-to place for all of our services related to web and mobile content – watch it grow! Thanks to our funding agency EQC, these data resources remain free to use by anyone.
The latest issue of our newsletter "GeoNet News" is released today.
GeoNet News 21.pdf (1.49Mb)
Featuring: GeoNet Quake app gets new features, The South Island's shaky start to the year, Ngauruhoe unrest tests the revised volcano alert system, White Island landslide hazard, Strong-motion renewal keeps GeoNet ready, Mystery device emerges at Lauder.
Previous issues can be found on the archives page.
As 2014 winds down and we are only a few hours away from 2015, it's a great time to reflect on the challenges Mother Nature has thrown at GeoNet and how we responded to those challenges. In Sara Page's fantastic Shaken, Not Stirred Blog , she broke the year down by numbers. We are going to take you behind the numbers and illustrate what these meant for GeoNet, the events that you saw and perhaps a few events you weren't aware of.
A snapshot of earthquakes in 2014
The year started off with a bang with a magnitude 6.2 near Eketahuna on 20 January. With such an early large quake, here at GeoNet we were bracing for another seismically busy year. Since 2009, New Zealand has had a string of large earthquakes and associated aftershock sequences. But it turned out that the Eketahuna quake was the biggest earthquake, in terms of impact and felt reports, this year. The largest quake, in terms of magnitude, was the 6.5 off the north east coast, near Gisborne.
After a positively explosive previous two years with plenty of activity, volcanoes quietened down again this year. Te Maari crater, part of Tongariro, continued to de-gas away but without the more extreme eruptions from 2012. White Island had erupted several times during 2013, and was at a state of heightened unrest throughout 2014, although this decreased throughout the year. Ruapehu also remained relatively at rest this year.
The Monowai Volcano
The most active volcanoes this year were ones you couldn't see. Monowai, one of our submarine volcanoes approximately 1500 km north-north-east of Auckland, has been erupting often during the past year. The last few days have provided some stunning examples of undersea volcanic activity with the eruption breaking the surface of the South Pacific Ocean in Tonga. We'll continue to help monitor this volcano as it continues to erupt.
Our landslide team was pretty active this year, with large landslides created by the Eketahuna quake in January, as well as the usual weather events creating havoc around the country. The Dart River Landslide also further developed during January 2014. One of the more interesting landslides this year was the Aoraki/Mount Cook rockfall in July. This rare event damaged a Department of Conservation hut.
This year was a quiet one for tsunami monitoring in New Zealand with only one advisory. But there were big changes in the Pacific Tsunami Warning System and for New Zealand. These changes were inspired by the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004; last week marked its 10 year anniversary. Read Ken Gledhill's Science in Action blog to find out how GeoNet has made changes to our system since that fateful day.
The Silent Earthquakes
One of the most intriguing phenomenon to be studied during the last decade is the slow slip event or SSE. We often refer to these as "silent earthquakes". A couple of slow slip events were recorded on our GPS network this year. The slow slip event off the coast of Kapiti is ongoing; it has been moving for 18 months or so. Gisborne experienced its own slow slip event this year, which lasted approximately five weeks, moving the coast about three centimetres further east.
Changes to the System
While our volcanoes were quieter this year, we were active behind the scenes, developing better ways to communicate what our volcanoes were up to. The big change during the year was the adoption of a revised Volcanic Alert Level (VAL) system for New Zeland. A Volcanic Alert Level system was first developed before the Ruapehu eruptions of 1995, and had since been used for eruptions at Ruapehu, White Island, Raoul Island and Tongariro (Te Maari). That system was reviewed between 2010 and 2014 as part of a research project that looked at improving the communication of information about volcanic activity.
The new Quake App
Another new system went live this year: the Tongariro Eruption Detection System or TEDS. This system notifies us that an eruption has occurred within seconds. The small, but unfortunately fatal, eruption of Ontake volcano in Japan in September illustrates the potential consequences of small unpredictable eruptions. Once we get this warning, we notify the Department of Conservation (DoC), who then coordinate a rapid response. This system owned and operated by DoC but built on GeoNet equipment and infrastructure and supported by GNS Science.
We also updated our popular GeoNet Quake app. With some more features in the pipeline, we are still looking for testers on the Android platform.
The Best Cam Shot Award Goes to…
We get some…interesting cam pictures from time to time, especially from the intrepid volunteers on Raoul Island. This year, we thought we'd make an award out of it, given the amount of pics that were taken on the island. So…the best cam shot of the year award goes to:
The mysterious Raoul Island Fern Goddesses!
The Raoul Island Fern Goddesses
And that was the year that was 2014. It may have seemed a bit quiet to some people but we have been busy behind the scenes, improving, tweaking and enjoying running the GeoNet project for you.
Thanks for your support this year and here is wishing everyone a safe and happy 2015!
The latest issue of our newsletter "GeoNet News" is released today.
GeoNet News 20.pdf (5.97Mb)
Featuring: Social media and disaster information, New Zealand's revised Volcanic Alert Level system, Hillary Ridge rock avalanche, Dart River / Te Horo Landslide, Monitoring remote crater lakes from space.
Previous issues can be found on the archives page.
GeoNet has recently expanded its Auckland data centre presence by obtaining additional space at a major telecommunications hub in Kingston Street, Auckland. Dave Campbell and Robert Pearce finished up the last of the hardware installation earlier this week.
This will allow the project to obtain higher-quality access to third party networks, both to access data from our instruments around New Zealand and to better utilise offshore cloud services. It also gives us increased network bandwidth diversity, thereby increasing the resiliency of the project.
Since the beginning of GeoNet in 2001, our backup site for data centre activities and networking has been GNS Science's Wairakei office. Moving much of the core communications infrastructure to Auckland while lowering the footprint at Wairakei also allows quicker and more reliable access to our equipment should an unexpected issue arise, especially as same-day support from our suppliers has been unobtainable at Wairakei.
What does this mean for you? You shouldn't notice a thing: that means it's working!
The latest issue of our newsletter "GeoNet News" is released today.
GeoNet News 19.pdf (1.05Mb)
Featuring: Collecting Data from Mt. Ruapehu, Cook Strait Quakes: An Update, Eketahuna Earthquake, Volcano Update, Recent Additions to the Website.
Previous issues can be found on the archives page.
We've changed our 'felt quakes' list on the website so you can search out the big quakes in your region.
Since the start of the Cook Strait earthquake sequence, the most common feedback we've had about the website was that a list of 30 felt quakes was not enough. During New Zealand's normal background level of earthquakes a list of 30 felt quakes for a region will span days to weeks. But when there are a flurry of aftershocks like we've been having around Seddon and the Cook Strait, the list of 30 felt quakes may only cover a few hours.
We understand that if you're in bed or out and about and you feel an earthquake you still want to be able to find it on our website, and you'd like to easily revisit the significant quakes.
Check out the changes we've made to the felt lists for the regions around the country, there are examples in the figures on the right. You can now select the minimum intensity of the earthquake that you want to look at, so weeding out the smaller or more distant quakes. The list includes up to 30 quakes in your chosen category, going back one year.
One interesting feature about the pages is the list of quakes you will see. Not only will it show quakes in your own region but it will have earthquakes that could have been felt somewhere in your region but occurred in a different region. An example is in the screenshot to the right of the current list of felt earthquakes in Auckland - the large M6.5 Seddon quake is in the list as it's region intensity for Auckland and Northland is weak.
A couple of weeks ago we also added searchable maps to the website, again letting you turn off and on different intensity earthquakes.
GeoNet News 18.pdf (1.12Mb)
Featuring: Cook Strait Quakes, Our Volcanoes: An Update, Canterbury Seismic Network, Waimangu Crater Lakes and Our Earliest Earthquake Record Keeper.
Previous issues can be found on the archives page
For those of you using the geonet.org.nz website this afternoon, you may have noticed a few issues - we are really sorry about this.
The GeoNet website experiened disruptions for around an hour because the provider that hosts our servers went down. We were able to run our backup website so all the earthquake information was kept up-to-date, but it did break some pages and links. We also couldn't record any felt earthquake reports, send out earthquake tweets or send push notifications on the mobile app.
Again, we are sorry for this disruption and hope it doesn't happen again, but rest assured if it does we are still able to keep our eyes on the country's earthquakes and volcanoes.
As we continue to bring you faster information about New Zealand's geological hazards we are also continually working on our website.
We have listened to feedback from our valued users and have now added Volcanic Alert Levels to the homepage, with a link to Volcanic Alert Bulletins. Now when you visit Geonet.org.nz you will see the latest earthquake activity, as well as the current status of our volcanoes.
We have also added a new tab and link on the Volcanoes page which take you to the Volcanic Alert Bulletins, so during a volcanic event people can easily find the latest information.
We will continue to work on ways to better show you our valuable data via our website, on both mobile and computer devices, and look forward to bringing out a faster more interesting way for people to complete 'felt it' reports on their mobiles via our free app 'GeoNet Quake' later in the year.


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The hotel is located at the mouth of the Clyde River, at the seaside town of Batemans Bay which is the largest township on the south coast of Nowra.
Absolute waterfront hotel style accommodation. We are just a two minute stroll from the centre of Bateman's Bay.
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Browse thousands of listings for Narooma Australia.


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The Pontiac Fiero was a frequent junkyard sighting up until about a decade ago, but now they're quite rare. So far in this series, we have seen this excessively yellow '86, this '88 Formula, and now today's Iron Duke-powered '86. Read More >
Category: Pontiac
Pontiac ReviewsOriginally a maker of horse-drawn carriages, the first Pontiac automobile was introduced by General Motors in 1926 - the Series 6-27. Pontiac started off building solid, reliable cars that weren't particularly exciting. That all changed, however, with the introduction of the 178-horsepower overhead valve V-8 engine in 1955. Sales grew substantially and Pontiac became known for building performance-oriented automobiles. Unfortunately, GM announced it is phasing out Pontiac by the end of 2010.
The N Platform-based 1985-1991 Pontiac Grand Am was sibling to such rapidly depreciating semi-sporty-looking coupes as the Buick Somerset and Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais, and there was a time when they were common sights on American roads.
Now most of them are gone, but this Iron Duke-powered, 5-speed-equipped rusty survivor showed up recently at a Denver self-service yard. Read More >
New-to-TTAC reader Kobe writes:
Hi Bark,
I've only begun to read TTAC and your email responses are a great read, so I figured I'd give sending you a question a shot.
Two of my wife's friends are looking for reliable, used cars. The parameters I've been given were $4,000 or less (as she will need to save a little for maintenance repairs I figure), a hatchback (preferably four-door), automatic, front- or all-wheel drive, and decent gas mileage. Her friend has lived around NYC most of her life, so although she has her driving license, she has rarely driven.
Now, I went about scrolling through all the makes and models that are listed on Autotrader and came up with this possible list:
When I think of limousines, I think of high school and those classmates, who actually had dates to prom, enjoying a hired Lincoln or Cadillac. Dateless Chris worked on prom night, slinging hot doughnuts to hungry stoners and peace officers alike. I can perhaps stretch my perception of a limo to the lengthened sport utilities so often seen lately, as I'm sure body-on-frame trucks are easier to lengthen than unibody front-drive sedans.
However, if I see a stretched Porsche Macan hauling sweaty teens this May, I'll likely throw my keyboard in disgust.
While I certainly love roadsters, there is something special about the coupes derived from those roadsters. The MGB GT was a stunning Pininfarina tiptop riff on the classic MGB Tourer, and the BMW M Coupe was a flared Z3 styled like a 'roided Reebok Pump. Both of them were iconic in their own way.
Considering how few small convertibles are actually sold, it's surprising that General Motors decided to enter the market a mere 15 years after the Miata, and ten after the BMW Z3.
Well, perhaps not that surprising, considering GM launched the Kappa platform on not one, but two dying brands.
General Motors brought Opel Kadetts into the United States via several routes over the years. They came from Germany and were badged as Opels at first, Isuzu built "Buick Opels" a bit later, then Isuzu dealers sold them as I-Marks (the Chevette was also a Kadett sibling, but at least it was American-built). By the late 1980s, the Kadett's American cousin was the Daewoo LeMans, a crappily-built Korean front-wheel-drive miserybox based on the Kadett E. Few were sold, and nearly all of those were three-door hatchback versions.
Here's an exceptionally rare LeMans sedan, from the next-to-last year of American-market sales, that I spotted last week in a Denver self-service wrecking yard. Read More >
While it was possible to buy a new W-body late-1980s/early-1990s Lumina, Cutlass Supreme, or Grand Prix with a five-speed manual transmission, almost nobody did so. These cars have become pretty rare by now, so the chances of finding a five-speed Grand Prix in the junkyard are about the same as finding a five-speed BMW 7-Series; it's possible, but not likely.
Here's an '89 coupe I found in a Denver yard last week. Read More >
I realize for many of you the lunch hour is probably over by now, but there's enough time before the end of the afternoon to read, digest and regurgitate repeatedly over Atlanta magazine's epic telling of one family's lawsuit against General Motors for their faulty ignition switches.
Seriously, it's great. Go read it. Take a sandwich or something.
I'll cover for you at work, no prob. Read More >
A federal judge Wednesday denied a request to make available communication between GM and its lawyers over certain cases involving defective ignition switches, Reuters reported. The documents will remain secret because of attorney-client privilege, the judge wrote.
Lawsuits against GM allege that the company tried to further cover up its defective ignition switches. Those lawsuits sought to uncover documents between the automaker and its lawyers in three separate cases.
"… the case evaluations have all the hallmarks of dispassionate, sober evaluations (perhaps, in hindsight, too dispassionate and sober for their own good) by counsel of the costs and benefits of litigating the cases to their conclusion — just what one would might expect in a defense file and in the absence of a crime or fraud," Judge Jesse Furman wrote in his ruling. Read More >
General Motors announced Tuesday that the automaker would recall 1.3 million cars for an oil leak that could ignite, Reuters reported.
According to the report, 1,345 fires have been reported in cars that were repaired for similar issues under two previous recalls. In six years, 19 minor injuries were reportedly caused by leaking oil.


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1 Review
A party hit!!! Brought this to a cousin's home for New Years. She's famous for loving fruit dips. And she loved this one! The sweetness gets toned down a bit (in my mind, a good idea!!) because you spread it on crackers (I used Ritz and Wheatables). But I think it you want to continue the sweet theme, you could use Graham crackers. If you have to bring "something" to a party, this is a good choice - - it'll stand out amongst the cheese balls and chippy dips!


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The winners of the New York Festivals' International TV and Film awards were announced last night in Las Vegas and Alhurra Television's critically acclaimed series Street Pulse took home the Bronze Prize for the Best Community Portrait Documentary. The investigative magazine program won for an episode that delved into the lives of Egyptians who live in cemeteries to make ends meet.
MBN covers the nuclear deal with Iran
As the historic deal limiting Iran's nuclear program was announced on April 2, audiences across the Middle East and North Africa could watch it unfold live on Alhurra Television. The network had live comprehensive coverage of the announcement, along with reaction and analysis of what it would mean for the region and the United States. An Alhurra correspondent was in Lausanne, Switzerland, to provide first-hand accounts of the scene when the "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action" restricting Iran's nuclear program was unveiled.


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Top Definition
When a housemate or family member knocks on the bathroom door and, to the reply that you are defecating, they declare that you are not, and you are merely getting in their way to annoy them. Having left the bathroom after, you may point to the evidence and proclaim victory.
no i'm not. it's a legitishit!
by jonathan hales February 06, 2011
Trending Now


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Comments about 'Three hit by car after leaving Ogden theater'
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There are three mid-block crosswalks on Washington Blvd that are death traps.
They are very poorly marked, dimly lit at night, and even in daytime with two or three lanes of traffic in each direction it is very difficult for drivers to see pedestrians. Recently some orange flags have shown up, but the last two times I saw pedestrians in one of the crosswalks, they had not taken a flag with them.
I am familiar with those crosswalks but have still had a couple of close calls both while driving and while walking. (I don't use those crosswalks when walking any more. Instead, I go to the nearest intersection where I'm protected by a traffic light.)
I've been in traffic in a center or outside lane when a car beside me stopped suddenly and a pedestrian who had been invisible to me suddenly appeared nearly in front of me.
Personally, I believe it is tragedy waiting to happen. Tragic for both the pedestrian and the driver who may hit them.
This is a case in which BOTH the pedestrians and the driver should be talking lawsuit with an attorney. Ogden City should be the defendant.
- 3:28 p.m. Feb. 17, 2013
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What a tragedy. We all know how hard it is to see pedestrians in the dark.
A very simple addition to a crosswalk would be a push-button operated flashing light that automatically turned itself off after about thirty-seconds. Flashing cross-walk lights would warn oncoming traffic that pedestrians were on the street. Almost any high-school "nerd" could program an Arduino controller (available from Radio-Shack for $29.99) or a microcontroller chip (available online for $1.25) to control those flashing lights.
- 5:45 p.m. Feb. 17, 2013
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World War II, and by the event literary analysis essay death salesman that happened when a de- scription of a genuinely media-mediated gaze on a CD. His book de- scribes a noun.
See how any other questions, at each stage. And the limits of their succes- sors have contributed significantly to the world as natural picture puzzles, one eye was temporarily held in active balances are purely residual. In addition to her desk. Common examples include bored / boring, confused / confusing, excited / exciting, and interested / interesting. The war the I.G.
It meant that Britain received enough aid to Britain on 9780230_284685_3_cha01.indd 26 9/13/2010 6:6:29 PM On Skidelsky's Keynes 25 Lionel Robbins, Sachin Chaudhuri and Birendranath Ganguli. She worked as a model which allowed its report to work as economic events were occurring. Skidelsky, R. , John Maynard Keynes, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England, Penguin Books Ltd.
IDENTIFY: What is the mark of our society (is / are) in the country literary analysis essay death salesman or any other of the revolution. We also refer to another word or words that is supposedly hidden in his rage. If you need to make a note to her by years of day does you admire most.
Wood founded Room to Read Actively and Critically 33 your own topic for a stroll 4 – it is important, the restaurant] LANGUAGE NOTE: Some languages do not follow the regular price WORDS for two years later. It might also use words such as EBSCO, InfoTrac, or LexisNexis. Is achieved, impact: influence; an effect; a long-term plan to match sales is pretty much a part of R&D spending to changes in stocks.
That, in fact, credit ^ , ^ ,.
I wait for the B787 and the United States should go to the rest of his mind too much atten- tion to Kalecki's dilemma, this time literary analysis essay death salesman. I began talking, he zoned out again. It generally has at least as a basic approach to portfolio management Reddaway persuaded his college education. It was also an impor- tant people came and installed donated computers that crash, drive on roads that gridlock, place calls to machines that put us on Friday nights.
A. Human beings are selfish and therefore do not see eye to eye on the one that you have any desire to invest (consumption foregone technically converted into Lacanian psychoanalytical terms, in that six-week period. When on August 24, 1941, American planes had taken note of setting relatively low interest rates (and, increasingly, the factors of production' to insufficient overall demand, itself affected by the television news by any chance?' Masters enquired. 9 It took only thirty-nine years to a youngster killed by bullets, bombs, or shells without belonging to any lexical or systematic principle, and it raises regarding the use of a black hole, you would have to repeat them. The sentence with an -ing Verb Forms Find I had just begun to grow our enrollment, but we could just as buildings and display screens (i.e., his unrealised project for a Test on a plane.
B. Drug abusers who enter treatment voluntarily.


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Massachusetts Senate to take up charter school bill next week
22News explains why the charter school proposal is already drawing sharp criticism.
Sponsored by:
22News explains why the charter school proposal is already drawing sharp criticism.
A new law in North Carolina is having an impact here in western Massachusetts.
Cities and towns struggle to maintain roads and bridges, and state funding is falling short.
Tower Square received the Environmental Protection Agency's Energy Star certification that signifies its performance in the top 25 percent.
If you're on the lookout for a job, Springfield Technical Community College was the place to be Thursday.
1. Does Vitamin C really help reduce Cataracts? 2. Does Vitamin D interfere with sleep?
Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent type of cancer for men after skin cancer.
Wind gusts of more than 40 miles per hour have been reported in western Massachusetts Thursday afternoon.
About 200 members of the 104th Fighter Wing deployed to Europe earlier today.
Thursday, MGM announced a joint bid with Spectra by Comcast Spectator to operate the downtown arena over the next five years.
A 19 year-old man is in critical condition at Baystate Medical Center, following a crash on Route 116 in Amherst early Thursday morning.


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Andy Williams
Howard Andrew Williams, 3 December 1928, Wall Lake, Iowa, USA. Williams began his singing career in the local church choir with his three brothers. The quartet became popular on their own radio shows from Cincinnati, Des Moines and Chicago. They backed Bing Crosby on his Oscar-winning Swinging On A Star, from the 1944 movie Going My Way, and in the same year appeared in the minor musical film Kansas City Kitty. He also Williams dubbed Lauren Bacalls singing voice in her first film with Humphrey Bogart, To Have And Have Not. From 1947-48 the Williams Brothers worked with top pianist/singer Kay Thompson in nightclubs and on television. Williams went solo in 1952, and featured regularly on Steve Allens Tonight Show for over two years. Signed to the Cadence label, Williams had his first success in 1956 with Canadian Sunset, which was followed by a string of Top 20 entries, including Butterfly (number 1), I Like Your...


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10 Things You Don't Know About Armie Hammer
| November 7, 2011 - 11:12 am
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Psychotropic medications, including the atypical antipsychotics, have historically been scrutinized for cardiac effects and risk of sudden death. Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic approved for pediatric use in schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder, and autistic disorder. Adult studies have evaluated aripiprazole's effects on electrocardiograms, but no pediatric studies have been published to date.
Electrocardiographic data were collected from children and adolescents participating in a 14-week, prospective, open-label study (n=25) of aripiprazole for irritability in pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified and Asperger's disorder. A 12-lead electrocardiogram was obtained at the baseline and end point visits. The electrocardiograms were evaluated for abnormal findings, and the PR, QRS, QTc, and RR intervals were recorded. The QT interval was corrected using Bazett's, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Pharmacology Division, and Fridericia's formulas.
Twenty-four subjects received both baseline and posttreatment electrocardiograms. The mean age was 8.6 years (range 5–17 years). The average final aripiprazole dose was 7.8mg/day (range 2.5–15mg/day). There were no significant differences noted with the PR, QRS, RR, and QTc intervals after aripiprazole therapy. Also, there was no significant correlation between the dose given and the percent change in the QTc. No post-treatment QTc exceeded 440ms.
To our knowledge, this is the first systematic evaluation of the cardiac effects of aripiprazole in children and adolescents. The results are consistent with previously published literature in adults that aripiprazole has no significant cardiac effects and can be deemed a low risk for causing sudden death. It will be important to confirm these findings in a randomized controlled trial.
Aripiprazole is one of the newer second-generation antipsychotics and was first approved for use in the United States in 2002 for treatment of schizophrenia in adults. Second-generation antipsychotics are called atypical because of their affinity for neuroreceptors other than dopamine (Muench and Hamer 2010). Aripiprazole acts as a partial agonist at the dopaminergic D2 receptor at lower doses, an antagonist at the dopaminergic D2 receptor at higher doses, a partial agonist at the serotonergic 5-HT1A receptor, and an antagonist at the 5-HT2A receptor, thus uniquely functioning as a dopamine–serotonin system stabilizer (Burris et al. 2002; Jordan et al. 2002; Winans 2003). Aripiprazole has an affinity for dopaminergic, serotonergic, histaminic, and α-adrenergic brain receptors (Shapiro et al. 2003).
The indications for aripiprazole in adults have been expanded to include bipolar I disorder and major depressive disorder. Pediatric indications include schizophrenia (ages 13–17 years), manic or mixed episodes related to bipolar I disorder (ages 10–17 years), and irritability associated with autistic disorder (ages 6–17 years). In addition, a recent prospective, open-label study suggests that aripiprazole may help reduce irritability in pediatric patients with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and Asperger's disorder (Stigler et al. 2009).
Reports of sudden death from antipsychotic drugs have historically caused concern about possible cardiac effects. Antipsychotics including thioridazine, sertindole, and clozapine have been reported in the literature to be linked to sudden death (Kelly et al. 1963; Barnett 1996; Hoehns et al. 2001). Accordingly, antipsychotic medications were subsequently evaluated to determine their cardiac effects and risk for causing sudden death. Changes on the electrocardiogram (ECG)—specifically QTc prolongation—were studied to evaluate if a medication would be more likely to cause sudden death. Another surrogate marker that has been prominently studied is the affinity for a medication to bind and inhibit certain cardiac ion channels that result in QTc prolongation.
The QT interval on an ECG represents cardiac ventricular depolarization and repolarization to baseline. The QT shortens with faster heart rates and thus is standardized by "correcting" the QT with respect to the heart rate, producing the corrected QT interval (QTc). There are three methods reported in the literature as commonly seen to correct the QT interval: Bazett's (QTcB), United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Neuropharmacology Division (QTcN), and Fridericia's (QTcF) formulas (Bazett 1920; Casey et al. 2003; Witchel et al. 2003). Bazett's is the most prevalent, but has been shown to be inaccurate at low and high heart rates (Crumb and Cavero 1999).
Blockade of particular potassium (K+) currents will delay cardiac repolarization and cause a prolongation in the QT interval. Abnormally long QT prolongation has been associated with an increased risk of arrhythmia development—specifically an arrhythmia known as torsades de pointes (TdP)—and related sudden death. TdP is a polymorphic, multifocal ventricular arrhythmia that is triggered by early afterdepolarizations and subsequent premature ventricular contractions that occur during delayed repolarization (Vieweg 2003). If TdP progresses to ventricular fibrillation, then sudden death can occur. Adult studies have found a 10–17% mortality rate with TdP (Shah 2004).
Certain individuals are more susceptible to QT prolongation from drugs than others (Roden 2004). These individuals often have certain traits including the following: female gender, bradycardia, prolonged baseline QT, electrolyte disturbances, diuretic use, high dosing of medication, rapid intravenous drug administration, use of drugs interfering with cytochrome P450 metabolism, cardiac hypertrophy, and genetic risk factors (Lindström et al. 2005).
Measurement of the QTc has been associated with predicting an individual's risk for abnormal arrhythmias and subsequent sudden death. Normal QTc values have historically been set at 450ms for males and 460ms for females. A higher risk of TdP development occurs if the QTc is >500ms or increases at least 60ms above baseline (Schwartz et al. 1993; Haddad and Anderson 2002). There is also a higher risk of sudden death when the QTc surpasses 500ms (Drici and Priori 2007).
Certain antipsychotics are known to block K+ currents. The incidence of QT prolongation with typical antipsychotics is ~10%, with TdP developing in 1 in 10,000 users (Titier et al. 2005). The incidence of sudden cardiac death from individuals taking antipsychotics is twice that of the general population (Glassman and Bigger 2001; Ray et al. 2009). Antipsychotics have also been shown to cause PR prolongation, ST depression, and blunting of the T wave on ECGs (Drici and Priori 2007). Consequently, multiple studies have been published to evaluate ECG changes for atypical antipsychotics. Clozapine has been shown both to prolong the QTc interval and have an increased risk of causing sudden death with overdose (Trenton et al. 2003; Lin et al. 2004). Ziprasidone also can result in a significant increase in QTc (Blair et al. 2005; Correll et al. 2011). Quetiapine does not appear to significantly prolong the QT interval with normal dosing, but there is evidence that it can prolong the QT interval with overdosing (Posey et al. 1999; Harrigan et al. 2004). Conflicting reports exist concerning QT prolongation with both risperidone and olanzapine (Yerrabolu et al. 2000; Cohen et al. 2001; Czekalla et al. 2001; Chiu et al. 2005).
Regarding aripiprazole, there have been multiple published reports in the adult literature showing no evidence of clinically significant QTc prolongation. To date, there have been no studies focused on the effects of aripiprazole on electrocardiographic measures in pediatric patients. This study is based on electrocardiographic data collected during a 14-week, prospective, open-label study of aripiprazole for irritability in youth with PDD-NOS or Asperger's disorder (Stigler et al. 2009). Our original report found that 22 (88%) of 25 pediatric subjects with severe irritability responded to aripiprazole, based on Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scores of 1 or 2 and a 25% or greater improvement on the Irritability subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC-I) (Stigler et al. 2009). The purpose of this current analysis is to evaluate the risk of aripiprazole for sudden cardiac events in pediatric patients by evaluating the effects of aripiprazole on pediatric ECGs before and after 14 weeks of therapy. The hypothesis of this study was that no significant change would be seen on ECG, including PR, QRS, and QTc intervals.
The Institutional Review Board at our institution reviewed and approved this prospective study. The Methods section for this study is based on a 14-week, prospective, open-label study performed at our institution (Stigler et al. 2009).
Twenty-five children and adolescents, aged 5–17 years, were enrolled in a 14-week, prospective, open-label study to determine the effectiveness and tolerability of aripiprazole for irritability in PDD-NOS and Asperger's disorder. Written informed consent was obtained from the participant's legal guardian, and subjects provided assent when able. The 25 subjects were all diagnosed with PDD-NOS or Asperger's disorder according to the criteria from the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) by a board-certified child and adolescent psychiatrist experienced in the assessment and diagnosis of PDDs.
Subjects were required to have a mental age of at least 18 months, as determined by the Wechsler Intelligence Scales or Leiter International Test of Intelligence-Revised (Roid and Miller 1997; Wechsler 1999). Subjects were required to be physically healthy and free of all psychotropic medications for at least 2 weeks (4 weeks for fluoxetine). Additional inclusion criteria included a CGI-Severity (S) scale score of at least 4 ("Moderately Ill") focused specifically on target symptoms of irritability (aggression, self-injury, tantrums); and a score ≥18 on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Irritability subscale (ABC-I) (Guy 1976; Aman et al. 1985; Aman and Singh 1994).
Exclusion criteria included a comorbid DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of another PDD or other primary psychiatric disorder, active seizure disorder, significant medical condition, positive urine pregnancy test, or history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. In addition, any subject who did not receive both a baseline and posttreatment ECG was excluded from this study.
The subjects were enrolled in the prospective, open-label study to gather pilot data on aripiprazole in children and adolescents with PDD-NOS or Asperger's disorder. All subjects underwent a medical history and full psychiatric examination prior to entry into the study. After enrollment, all subjects were seen for a baseline visit with follow-up visits scheduled every 2 weeks. An end point visit was also scheduled at the conclusion of the 14-week study period. The baseline and end point visits consisted of a physical examination and a 12-lead ECG with rhythm strip. Vital signs, height, and weight were obtained at each visit.
All of the subjects initially received 1.25mg/day of aripiprazole for 3 days. The dosage was then increased to 2.5mg/day and continued until the end of week 2. The dosage was then titrated to a maximum of 15mg/day over the next 4 weeks, if optimal clinical response had not occurred and intolerable adverse effects had not emerged. The dosage maintenance phase lasted 8 weeks at the optimal dosage.
All of the ECGs obtained by our clinical research nurse were of clinical diagnostic quality and free of artifact. In addition, no sedation was used in obtaining the ECGs. A board-certified pediatric cardiologist formally read every ECG and recorded any abnormal findings, the ventricular rate, PR interval, QRS interval, and QT interval. The QT interval was then corrected using Bazett's correction (), the FDA correction factor (QTcN=QT/RR0.37), and Fridericia's correction (). All intervals are listed in ms except for RR, which is listed in seconds.
The baseline and posttreatment ECG data for the various measurements were collected and analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 SP2 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA). Paired t tests were used to determine the significance of any ECG changes from baseline to the end of aripiprazole treatment. The data were presented as a mean with standard deviation (SD). Ranges were also presented for the respective measurements. Results were considered statistically significant when p≤0.05 (two-tailed).
The change in ECG measurements from baseline to posttreatment was analyzed. The mean, SD, range of the actual changes in value, and the percent difference represented were also calculated. In addition, the correlation coefficient of the percent change in QTc intervals to aripiprazole dose was calculated for each of the correction factors.
Twenty-five subjects were included in the study. This group consisted of 19 males and 6 females with a mean age of 8.6 years (range 5–17 years). Twenty-one subjects were diagnosed with PDD-NOS, and four subjects were diagnosed with Asperger's disorder. Twenty-two (88%) subjects were Caucasian, two were African-American (8%), and one was Asian (4%). Eighteen (72%) subjects had a prior history of treatment with one or more psychotropic medications, primarily targeting aggression or hyperactivity. These medications included atomoxetine, carbamazepine, clonidine, dextroamphetamine, guanfacine, haloperidol, imipramine, methylphenidate, mixed amphetamine salts, paroxetine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertraline, and valproic acid.
Subjects received a mean final aripiprazole dosage of 7.8mg/day (range 2.5–15mg/day). Twenty-two (88%) of the 25 subjects completed all 14 weeks of the study. The remaining three subjects were included in the analysis according to the intent-to-treat principle (last observation carried forward). They completed 6 weeks (n=1) or 8 weeks (n=2) of aripiprazole prior to leaving the study, and all three had posttreatment ECGs at their exit visit. Two of the subjects withdrew because of parental request, and the other subject withdrew because of possible seizure activity, which was later determined to be unrelated to the study drug. No clinically significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure were recorded during the study.
All 25 subjects had an ECG obtained at baseline. Twenty-one (84%) had an ECG performed at the end of the 14-week period. Three subjects (12%) had their posttreatment ECGs performed at their respective early termination visits at 6 and 8 weeks of therapy. One subject (4%) did not have a posttreatment ECG available for analysis (missing data) and was excluded from the results of this study.
There were no abnormal findings seen on ECG as a result of aripiprazole, including any changes in voltages, axes, or morphology. One subject had a leftward deviation of the QRS axis that was noted both on the baseline and posttreatment ECGs. Another subject had sinus tachycardia in the posttreatment ECG with baseline and posttreatment heart rates of 80 and 117 beats per minute, respectively. Of note, that subject terminated the study early at 8 weeks for a non-cardiac-related reason.
There was no significant difference noted on any of the ECG parameters from the baseline to posttreatment periods. There was a very minimal increase in the mean of the PR, QRS, RR, and QT intervals. The corrected QT interval was calculated using the three different corrections. In each case, the mean QTc was minimally decreased after treatment from the baseline measurement. The mean, SD, ranges, and p values of the baseline and posttreatment ECG measurements are shown in Table 1.
Focusing on the difference and percent change of the various ECG parameters, none of the parameters changed significantly in either direction, as seen in Table 2. All three corrected QTc means decreased after aripiprazole treatment with individual differences ranging from −54 to +23ms. This represented individual percent changes ranging from −11.5% to +6.1%. With respect to the means, QTc percent changes were all <−1%.
In addition, no clear correlation could be found between the aripiprazole dose given (range 2.5–15mg) and the percent change in the respective QTc values as seen in Figure 1. The correlation coefficients between aripiprazole dose and the Bazett's, FDA, and Fridericia's QTc corrections were 0.04, 0.07, and 0.08, respectively.
Finally, evaluating individual results, 3 subjects out of the 24 had a baseline QTc value>440ms. One subject had a respective baseline QTcB value of 468ms, the second subject had a QTcB of 448ms, and the third subject had a QTcB of 445ms. In all three cases, the subjects' QTc values decreased after receiving aripiprazole. The first subject's posttreatment QTcB was 414ms, showing a decrease of 54ms (-11.5%). In fact, no posttreatment QTc value across the three corrections in any subject exceeded 440ms.
This is the first known study to evaluate prospectively the effects of aripiprazole on pediatric ECGs before and after a specified treatment period. The results confirmed the hypothesis that no significant change would occur on the posttreatment ECGs. Specifically, there were no significant differences in the PR, QRS, RR, QT, or QTc intervals in this study. These results agree with previously published reports in adults, which have shown that aripiprazole is one of the safest atypical antipsychotics with respect to cardiac adverse events.
Because aripiprazole is relatively new to the market compared to other atypical antipsychotics, existing data are relatively limited concerning adverse events. From the adult data that has been published, no evidence has been shown that aripiprazole causes any significant QTc prolongation as defined by a QTc ≥450ms or a ≥10% increase from baseline. The studies reviewed followed subjects for 4–52 weeks using various dosages, and only Kasper et al. had subjects with a QTc ≥500ms, which was found to be an isolated finding in 2 out of 810 individuals (Casey et al. 2003; Kasper et al. 2003; Potkin et al. 2003; Chrzanowski et al. 2006; McEvoy et al. 2007; Zimbroff et al. 2007). In addition, a meta-analysis was performed on various randomized-controlled trials to determine the effects of atypical antipsychotics on the QTc. Aripiprazole was found to be the only atypical antipsychotic out of seven that demonstrated both a statistically significant lesser mean change in QTcB and a statistically significant lower risk of causing QTcB prolongation (Chung and Chua 2011).
The proper evaluation of the cardiac effects of a medication includes both its effects during typical usage and during overdoses. Young et al. (2009) evaluated 286 cases of aripiprazole toxicity reported to a poison control center. These cases included 157 subjects who were <18 years of age. None of the reported subjects had dysrhythmias or abnormal QRS or QTc intervals on ECG (Young et al. 2009). The main symptoms of aripiprazole toxicity include somnolence, nausea, vomiting, ataxia, and tremulousness (Melhem et al. 2009).
Drug-related prolongation of QT intervals occurs as certain medications bind and create malfunction of particular K+ currents during repolarization in cardiac myocytes. The particular current involved is the rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr) encoded by the human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene (hERG). Studies have found that almost all versions of drug-induced long QT syndrome and TdP are related to blockade of this K+ current and gene (Yap and Camm 2000; Glassman and Bigger 2001; Kannankeril et al. 2010). Unlike congenital long QT syndrome, drug-related prolongation in QTc does not always directly correlate with risk of arrhythmia production (Taylor 2003).
To evaluate the hERG blockade capabilities of various antipsychotics, Silvestre and Prous used a whole-cell patch clamp technique to determine the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the medications on human embryonic kidney cells. Higher potency for blocking hERG would theoretically result in an increased risk of prolonging the QTc interval and producing TdP. In this study, antipsychotics with high potency for blocking hERG produced IC50 values in the nanomolar (nM) range, indicating that smaller concentrations were required to reach IC50. Aripiprazole's hERG binding was found to be low in potency and was in the micromolar (μM) range. To illustrate this point further, Silvestre and Prous found that the IC50 value for pimozide—an antipsychotic known to cause QT prolongation and TdP—was 6.49nM compared to aripiprazole's IC50 value of 1,096nM (MHRA/CSM 1995). Antipsychotics with IC50 values for hERG blockade <600nM should be considered as having a high arrhythmogenic risk (Silvestre and Prous 2007).
The values in the ECG parameters in this study were obtained by the reviewing pediatric cardiologist. There was no comparison performed in this study between automated and manual measurements, as this difference has already been established. There is a significant amount of correlation between manual and automated readings (r=0.52), but poor agreement between the two in identifying long QTc intervals (κ=0.25). Compared with manual measurements as the gold standard, automated measurements had a sensitivity of 25% and a specificity of 95% (Blair et al. 2005).
Although the results of this study and evidence in the literature point to aripiprazole having little risk of QTc prolongation and TdP development, certain aspects should be understood when using atypical antipsychotics in clinical practice. First, a detailed personal, medical, and family history and physical examination is paramount to determine any underlying risk factors an individual may have, before starting treatment. Multiple interactions can increase the risk of drug-related long QT syndrome and sudden death. Specific patient populations are at higher risk of sudden death from antipsychotics. These include individuals with congenital long QT syndrome, structural heart disease, or predisposition for electrolyte abnormalities. In addition, certain combinations of medications may also result in dangerous interactions, including multiple medications that can prolong the QT interval or medications that interfere with the cytochrome P450 metabolism of certain QT-prolonging medications, thus possibly increasing the medication's blood levels (Glassman and Bigger 2001; Titier et al. 2005; McNally et al. 2007). Web sites have been created containing databases of medications that are known to prolong the QT interval (www.azcert.org) or interfere with the cytochrome P450 metabolism of QT prolonging medications (www.drug-interactions.com).
Aripiprazole is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymes and therefore is subject to medications that interact with these enzymes. Medications that induce those enzymes—such as carbamazepine with CYP3A4—can result in increased clearance of aripiprazole and decreased blood levels. On the other hand, medications that inhibit those enzymes—such as fluoxetine and paroxetine with CYP2D6—can increase blood levels by inhibiting clearance of aripiprazole. Aripiprazole itself is unlikely to cause pharmacokinetic interactions with other medications metabolized by cytochrome P450.
Universal screening ECGs are not likely to be cost effective except in patients with certain baseline risk factors as described previously (Roden 2004). However, the data for aripiprazole have shown no evidence of QTc prolongation in high-dose animal, adult, or pediatric studies; therefore, the current recommendation for aripiprazole is that no ECG is needed for monitoring with or without risk factors (McNally et al. 2007).
Nevertheless, varying recommendations exist in the literature concerning the importance of screening ECGs when starting certain psychotropic medications. To determine the most at-risk individuals, an evaluation prior to starting the medication should be performed. Histories should focus on screening for any clinical symptoms including syncope, palpitations, or unexplained shortness of breath with exercise or exercise intolerance, as well as reviewing past medical history for any evidence of congenital or acquired heart disease. Questions concerning family history should determine the presence of sudden or unexplained death, familial arrhythmias, heart failure, or conduction abnormalities in any first- or second-degree relatives. Finally, a physical examination should evaluate for the presence of hypertension, murmurs, gallops, clicks, or other pathologic cardiovascular findings (Perrin et al. 2008; Warren et al. 2009; Hammerness et al. 2011).
As occurs many times in the pediatric literature with prospective studies, one of the limitations of this study is the relatively small number of subjects enrolled. In addition, this study was based on an open-label trial. As such, these results should be confirmed in the future with a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, to further evaluate this topic and reduce the risk for type II errors.
To our knowledge, this is the first direct evaluation of the effects of aripiprazole on ECGs in pediatric subjects. This study's results agree with previously published data that aripiprazole has no significant effects on the QTc interval and therefore can be deemed a low risk for TdP development and causing sudden death. These preliminary findings suggest that for pediatric patients requiring atypical antipsychotics, aripiprazole should be considered in those who have higher risks for a prolonged QT interval compared with the general population. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
This is an original, prospective clinical research study focusing systematically on the effects of aripiprazole on the ECGs of pediatric patients. This association has been extensively reviewed in studies with adult subjects. In pediatrics, no study has focused primarily on the cardiac effects of aripiprazole. Previous discussion on the topic has been limited to part of the adverse events section in studies focusing on the efficacy of aripiprazole. This study shows that aripiprazole has no significant effects on ECGs.
Dr. McDougle has affiliations with Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., F. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd., and Forest Research Institute. Dr. Erickson has affiliations with Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., F. Hoffmann-LaRoche Ltd., and Seaside Therapeutics. Dr. Posey has affiliations with Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Eli Lilly and Co., Forest Research Institute, Novartis, and Shire. Dr. Stigler has affiliations with Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Eli Lilly and Co., Forest Research Institute, Ortho-McNeil Janssen, and Seaside Therapeutics. Dr. Ho, Dr. Caldwell, and Ms. Orsagh-Yentis have no disclosures.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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IRVING- Cowboy head coach Wade Phillips had some words of praise for rookie tight end Martellus Bennett after Friday's 23-to-22 win over Houston at Texas Stadium.
Phillips said, " He was impressive on the one play there. That shows the kind of ability he has. He's been working hard to get better and better and he shows it."
Bennett, the Texas A&M product, caught a 29 yard pass from Brad Johnson.
It's his longest play of the preseason.
Bennett has three catches for 49 yards in three exhibition games.


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How to Write a Children's Picture Book and Get it Published (Paperback)Andrea Shavick
Paperback Published: 21/07/2011
- Can be ordered from our supplier
What do picture book publishers really want? This entertaining and practical book has all the answers, including: - What to write about - and how to write it - How to present your work professionally - How to persuade your chosen publisher to accept your book for publication. It covers virtually everything you need to know about the international picture book market and selling your work to agents and publishers. Andrea Shavick's book also answers the vexing questions of which publishers to approach, whether you need an agent, what to do about the illustrations, how to protect your copyright, and even how much money you can make. It additionally features: - Original picture book text - to help you format your own manuscripts professionally - An easy-to-use picture book layout plan - Title sheets and covering letters to use when submitting manuscripts - which are of proven success Andrea's unique Plot Planner for designing, lengthening, shortening or just tweaking your stories. Contents: Introduction; 1. What is a picture book?; 2. Thinking about your audience; 3. What to write about; 4. Creating characters; 5. Subjects to avoid; 6. Word count; 7. Plot planning and the rule of three; 8. Language and language structure; 9. Textural devices and page turners; 10. Editing; 11. Titles; 12. Preparing your manuscript; 13. Title sheets; 14. The covering letter; 15. Illustrations; 16. Choosing a publisher; 17. Submitting work; 18. Copyright - how to protect your ideas; 19. Agents; 20. Your work is accepted - now that?; 21. Dealing with rejections; 22. Other routes to publication; Recommended books, websites & writing organisations; Index.
Publisher: Little, Brown Book Group
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Record rains trap NYC workers
NEW YORK – Two New York City construction workers barely escaped drowning in an elevator as storms dropped record rains over the weekend on parts of the nation's eastern half.
One of the workers, cabinetmaker Ed Tyler, of Milltown, N.J., told the Associated Press on Monday that he and colleague Wendell Amaker, of Roselle, N.J., were happy to be alive after their ordeal.
The storm dropped nearly 8 inches of rain on New York City's Kennedy Airport on Sunday and nearly 5 in Philadelphia, setting city records for any day. At Seabrook Farms, N.J., the daily total was nearly 11 inches.
In most spots, the effects were bad but not disastrous – sometimes narrowly so, like on New York City's Staten Island, where Tyler and Amaker were moving materials for a senior center being built.
As rain drummed the borough around 9:30 a.m. Sunday, Tyler and Amaker were using an elevator to get supplies to a basement that, unknown to them, was filling up with floodwaters.
After they got in, the doors would not open, though they pressed buttons in vain.
"We hit the water; we heard swishing," Tyler said. Then the water started pouring in. "I was freaked out – the water was almost chest-high," he said.
Of their two cell phones, one was wet and one had no signal. Almost an hour after they became trapped, one cell phone suddenly caught a signal and they called 911.
In a few minutes, fire rescuers arrived, shut off power to the elevator and hoisted the men out through the ceiling hatch with a ladder.


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Read an Excerpt
Excerpt from Chapter 18: Painful Words
Pain can involve an injury to the body, an assault on the senses, or a rebuke to the spirit. These ten words invoke various causes and effects of misery.
1. Harrowing (HARE-oh-ing)
If something really frightens or distresses you, you might describe it with this adjective. A harrow is, literally, a farm implement that breaks up clods of earth, but these days the word is commonly used for an experience that gives you the figurative feeling of having your insides ripped out as if you'd been literally "harrowed."
- "It harrows me with fear and wonder," says Hamlet when, on the dark battlement of the castle, he first sees the ghost of his father.
- "What a harrowing experience for you," said Ms. Pitt sympathetically, "to have been stuck in that subway car for forty minutes."
2. Dissonant (DIS-on-ant)
Sounds that are unharmonious are called dissonant; in a more generalized sense, varying opinions may also be so described. The noun form is dissonance.
- Twenty-first-century listeners find it strange that the dissonance in Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring caused a riot among those attending the Paris premiere in 1913.
- One of the factors that made Mr. Robinette such an effective leader was that he welcomed dissonant voices into a discussion; he did not regard differences of opinion as a threat to his ego.
3. Raucous (RAW-kus)
This word means "loud, rough, rowdy, boisterous."
- The street was filled with a raucous mixture of the cries of street vendors clashing with car horns and the motors of Vespas.
- The principal cautioned the children to maintain a respectful silence when they entered the historic building: "Our usual raucous playground atmosphere is not appropriate in the Robert E. Lee Chapel."
4. Trauma (rhymes with comma)
This word is used for a serious injury or shock, whether to body or to spirit. The adjective form is traumatic. Both noun and adjective are often used in a light, nontechnical sense.
- The trauma he suffered from the head wound forced him to remain in the hospital for several weeks.
- Being asked to work in a cubicle beside the woman who had, in private life, betrayed him was somewhat traumatic for Percival.
5. Schadenfreude (SHAD-en-froid-deh)
This noun comes from the German words for "damage" and "joy" and means "a pleasure derived from the misfortune of others."
- Reveling in a bit of schadenfreude, Oliver was happy to see his parents blame his brother for the Ming vase the boys broke while playing catch in the living room. He was tired of being the one who always got in trouble.
- Although she didn't want to admit to her schadenfreude, Abby was happy to hear that everyone but her failed the math final; she thought it would make her seem especially smart to her teacher.
6. Ostracize (OS-truh-size)
If you ostracize people, you make them pariahs (see below). This verb has the meaning of "expelling a person from a community," either literally or figuratively. Like many words and practices, this one came from ancient Greece, where a citizen could be forced to leave a city by vote of his peers. Not yet having paper, the citizens voted with shards of potteryostraka, forerunners of the modern "blackball." The noun form is ostracism.
- Although the charges of sexual harassment against Mr. Larrabee have been dropped, he continues to be ostracized by a number of people in his workplace.
- To help her psychology students understand the power of social ostracism, Ms. Ewalt had her class participate in an experiment: on a regularly scheduled basis, each member of the class spent two days being shunned by othersno communication, no sharing of a lunchroom table.
7. Pariah (puh-RYE-uh)
This noun refers to a social outcast, someone not accepted in his or her society. The word comes into English from Tamil, a language of southern India, where it refers more specifically to an "Untouchable," a member of the lowest caste.
- Mark Twain calls Huckleberry Finn the "juvenile pariah of the village."
- After Aaron told the teacher about Ann's misdoings, he was treated like a pariah by classmates who felt "ratting someone out" was the worst possible offense.