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JOURNEYS; . . . As Are Kayaks And Bungee Cords
By BONNIE TSUI
Published: July 4, 2003
MY first impression of summer at the Whistler-Blackcomb ski resort in British Columbia was the quiet. No predawn lift lines, no skiers chomping at the bit to hit fresh powder, no frenzy on the slopes. Just a tranquil stillness in the mountain air. In the middle of Whistler Valley's glacier-fed Alta Lake, my canoe paddle was the only disturbance in the glassy water for what seemed like miles around.
Who comes to Whistler in the summer? You would probably be surprised. Though summer at Whistler may feel less crowded than winter, it is when the resort attracts the most tourists: more than a million last summer, about 200,000 more than the preceding winter's total.
Instead of jockeying for position on the slopes, however, visitors are spread out all over: riding snowboards on the glacier, biking over narrow mountain trails, paddling on lakes and rivers, climbing granite cliffs, taking helicopter tours or bungee jumping. Whistler is also home to four championship golf courses, designed by Jack Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer, Robert Cupp and Robert Trent Jones Jr.
''It's the only time you'll see both a mountain bike and a snowboard on someone's roof rack,'' said John Payne, a Whistler resident who spends most of his time climbing the area cliffs. ''My favorite thing about being here in summer is that you can easily do one outdoorsy activity in the morning and something different in the afternoon -- what we call a true multi-sport day.''
The resort has two mountains; Whistler's elevation is 5,020 feet and Blackcomb reaches up another 260 feet. During the winter months, skiers have their choice of 12 Alpine bowls, three glaciers, and more than 200 marked trails served by 33 lifts. When June arrives, Whistler closes its skiable terrain but Blackcomb's Horstman glacier is open until early August, catering mostly to snowboard and ski camps, training teams and clubs.
Biking devotees are able to descend more than 4,000 feet from summit to base on Whistler, for roughly one epic mile of vertical. When I rode the gondola to the summit, the view of the mountain bike park was impressive: ribbons of trails wend through varying grades of topography, including gently sloping rollers; banked Bikercross courses; narrow and twisting single-track trails; and nasty, death-defying drops. ''People don't just coast off those jumps, either,'' one local resident told me conspiratorially. ''They really launch.'' Launchers or not, all mountain bikers can get lift access to the park and take their wheels along, too (every other chair is replaced by a rack for equipment).
While pedalers are working their way around the upper slopes, paddlers are canoeing and kayaking in the valley's lakes and rivers. Just five minutes from the base of the mountain, Alta Lake is popular for its easy access and serene setting. It also offers an entry point for lazy paddling down the River of Golden Dreams, which runs through a protected wetlands area with beavers, tree frogs and sandhill cranes and other shorebirds.
As the glaciers melt in July, white-water rafting is at its peak; beginner-friendly rapids can be found on the Green River, five miles north of Whistler Village, and more challenging Class III rapids on the Birkenhead River about a half hour farther, the waters framed by towering old-growth forest.
The lakes and rivers are also home to salmon, rainbow trout and Dolly Varden char, and several guiding operations take anglers on half- and full-day trips.
Each May, Whistler is transformed -- what was locked in ice under a thick blanket of snow is freed up. The skier's urgency to make first tracks has given way to a calmer pace.
''The feeling is a lot more relaxed here during the summer, with a more local flavor,'' said Bob Allison, founder of Great Wall Climbing Adventures. ''Because the days are so long, people aren't in such a rush to get on the mountain when they wake up in the morning. And you've got so much new territory, so many trail sports and great climbing, all within minutes of each other.''
In addition to offering outdoor excursions, Mr. Allison runs Great Wall Underground, a climbing gym in the basement of Whistler's Westbrook Hotel, where climbers retreat on rainy days to practice their skills. In the summer, the company also sets up an outdoor wall at the base of Blackcomb Mountain as part of Whistler's Adventure Zone, a family-oriented area that includes minigolf, a luge track, a paragliding operation and horse stables for mountain tours.
Stawamus Chief, a massive 2,138-foot granite monolith 45 minutes south of Whistler in the town of Squamish, attracts rock climbers from around the world. Closer to Whistler Village, just 10 minutes south, Calcheak has consistently sunny conditions that make it one of the best spots for rock climbing, but excellent granite can be found all over the area. I met Mr. Allison for an afternoon of climbing, and we headed 20 miles south to try what he called one of the ''more unique'' local routes: Star Chek, a three-pitch 5.9-rated climb set above the Cheakamus River canyon.

subset: commoncrawl


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John Hagel III
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John is co-chairman for Deloitte LLP's Center for the Edge with nearly 30 years of experience as a management consultant, author, speaker and entrepreneur. He has served as senior vice president of strategy at Atari, Inc., and is the founder of two Silicon Valley startups. Author of "The Power of Pull," "Net Gain," "Net Worth," "Out of the Box" and "The Only Sustainable Edge," John holds a B.A. from Wesleyan University, a B.Phil from Oxford University and a J.D. and MBA from Harvard University.
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|By PR Newswire
Article Rating:
|December 3, 2012 06:19 PM EST
DENVER, Dec. 3, 2012 /PRNewswire-iReach/ -- Equinox Fund Management, LLC, an innovator in alternative investment funds with approximately $2 billion of nominal assets under management allocated to trading programs, announced today that the Equinox Commodity Strategy Fund is now an actively managed portfolio featuring what Equinox believes to be some of the world's best commodity traders.
Under the revised strategy, Equinox seeks to optimize combinations of commodity traders for inclusion in the overall portfolio. Throughout the process, the Equinox portfolio management team endeavors to maintain the Fund's overall exposure to the physical commodities sector at a level equal to or greater than 75% of the value of the Fund's net assets. The Fund's investment objective is to seek capital appreciation in both rising and falling commodity markets with an annualized level of volatility that is generally lower than the historic level of volatility experienced by the S&P GSCI® Index, the new benchmark index for the Fund. Previously, the Fund tracked the SGI Smart Market Neutral Commodity IndexSM.
"Based on our six-year track record managing a public fund comprised of long-short commodity-focused trading programs, Equinox is pleased to bring its extensive commodity trader investment experience to mutual fund investors, " said Bob Enck, President and CEO of Equinox Fund Management. "This Fund may serve as an attractive alternative to long-only commodity strategies that lack the flexibility to adjust as market conditions change. Composed of commodity traders who can take both long and short positions, the Equinox Commodity Strategy Fund seeks to reduce volatility and enhance returns in any market environment." The Fund offers A and C Share Classes (tickers: EQCAX, EQCCX) with a $2,500 minimum initial investment. An Institutional Share Class (ticker: EQCIX) is also offered with a $1,000,000 minimum initial investment.
An innovator in alternative funds since its founding in 2003, Equinox also manages MutualHedge Frontier Legends Fund, Equinox Alternative Strategy Platform and The Frontier Fund. For more information, please go to: equinoxcommoditystrategyfund.com.
Securities offered through Equinox Group Distributors, LLC, Member FINRA. 47 Hulfish Street, Suite 510, Princeton, NJ 08542 1-877-837-0600
There is no guarantee that managed futures or the funds sponsored by Equinox will meet their intended objective; accordingly, investors could lose a substantial portion, or even all, of their investment. This is not an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy.
Mutual Funds involve risk including possible loss of principal.
There is no assurance that the funds on the Fund will achieve its investment objective. Exposure to the commodities markets may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. Many of the derivative contracts entered into by the Fund, their Subsidiaries or trading companies will be privately negotiated in the over-the-counter market. These contracts also involve exposure to credit risk, since contract performance depends in part on the financial condition of the counterparty. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the issuer of the security will not be able to make principal and interest payments when due.
Currency rates in foreign countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates and the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the U.S. or abroad. Derivative instruments come in many varieties and have a wide range of potential risks and rewards, and may include futures contracts, options on futures contracts, options, swaps, and forward currency exchange contracts. Derivatives typically have economic leverage inherent in their terms. The use of leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of a Funds' portfolio securities or other investments. Furthermore, derivative instruments and futures contracts are highly volatile and are subject to occasional rapid and substantial fluctuations.
Investments in foreign securities could subject the Fund to greater risks, including currency fluctuation, uncertain economic conditions, and different governmental and accounting standards. In addition to the risks generally associated with investing in securities of foreign companies, countries with emerging markets also may have relatively unstable governments, social and legal systems that do not protect shareholders, economies based on only a few industries, and securities markets that trade a small number of issues. In general, the price of a fixed income security falls when interest rates rise. Investors should be aware that the Fund is non-diversified, as non-diversification risk means that the Fund is more vulnerable to events affecting a single issuer. Over-the-counter transactions are subject to little, if any, regulation and may be subject to the risk of counterparty default. Higher portfolio turnover may result in the Fund paying higher levels of transaction costs and generating greater tax liabilities for shareholders.
Except for the historical information and discussions contained herein, statements contained in this press release constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements are based on our reasonable expectations, estimates, and assumptions. These statements may involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, including, but not limited to, the performance of financial markets, the investment performance of products sponsored by Equinox, general economic conditions, competitive conditions, and regulatory actions, including changes in tax laws. Readers should carefully consider such factors. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and Equinox undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statement.
Investors should carefully consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Fund. This and other important information about the Fund is contained in the applicable Prospectus, which can be obtained by calling 1-888-643-3431. The Prospectus should be read carefully before investing.
Equinox Commodity Strategy Fund is distributed by Northern Lights Distributors, LLC, Member FINRA. Equinox Fund Management, LLC and Equinox Group Distributors, LLC are not affiliated with Northern Lights Distributors, LLC.
Media Contact: Debra Draudt, Equinox Group Distributors, 609-430-0404 x106, [email protected]
News distributed by PR Newswire iReach: https://ireach.prnewswire.com
SOURCE Equinox Fund Management, LLC
Whether your IoT service is connecting cars, homes, appliances, wearable, cameras or other devices, one question hangs in the balance – how do you actually make money from this service? The ability to turn your IoT service into profit requires the ability to create a monetization strategy that is flexible, scalable and working for you in real-time. It must be a transparent, smoothly implemented strategy that all stakeholders – from customers to the board – will be able to understand and comprehe...
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Ban's Conservation Learning Centre has been a well-kept secret for a while now. So to help spread the word about the good work they are doing Eleanor Tranmer from The Film Company and Ban's Ecological Action for Costal...
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19 years of experience
Accepting new patients
Video profile
Rochester, MN 55905 Phone number & directions
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. George Chow:
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Patient Reviews
The overall average patient rating of Dr. George Chow is Excellent.
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Urge Incontinence Patient Education Urinary incontinence patient education guide covers all aspects concerning overactive bladder diagnosis and treatment options.Before Visiting Dr. Chow Learn More
|More Patient Guides & Topics
Erectile Dysfunction
Implant Contraception
Overactive Bladder
Prostate Cancer
Urinary Incontinence
Specialties & Research
Dr. George Chow, MD is board certified in Urology.
- He has special expertise in 15 areas:
- Cryosurgery
- Gynecologic Surgical Procedures
- Kidney Cancer
- Kidney Cancer (Renal Cell Carcinoma)
- Kidney Transplant (Renal Transplant)
- Laproscopic Surgery (Laparoscopy)
- Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures
- Nephrectomy (Kidney Removal)
- Overactive Urinary Bladder
- Transurethral Prostactectomy (TURP)
- Ureteroscopy
- Urinary Bladder Cancer (Transitional Cell Carcinoma)
- Urinary Tract Stones (Urinary Calculi)
- Urologic Surgical Procedures
- Uterine Prolapse
Education & Awards
Dr. Chow graduated from McGill University Faculty Of Medicine, Montreal. He has 1 awards.
Dr. Chow has 5 hospital affiliations:
- Rochester Methodist Hospital
- St Marys Hospital - Rochester
Similar doctors nearby
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- Additional Information
- Dr. George K Chow MD is a male Urologist, has 19 years of experience and practices in Urology.
- Where does Dr. George K. Chow practice?
- Dr. George Chow has 1 office location.
Dr. George Chow practices Urology near Rochester, MN.
See Rochester Urologists.


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3 Years Ago
Yesterday I purchased my tent for art shows. It's currently fully set up in my living room so that I can design my layout. It looks pretty funny when company visits.
Something I haven't seen mentioned by artists as I do my research on selling art at shows is insurance. Although I will certainly take the necessary precautions of using weights and tie downs, I'm still concerned about damage to other artists or patrons that might occur.
Does anyone have any insight on this? Also is it necessary to incorporate to limit liability?
Thanks for sharing!
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Posted by: michaelalonzo kominsky on 3 Years Ago
3 Years Ago
You might want to research the CPL (Comprehensive Personal Liability) coverage endorsement on your Tenant Homeowners or your Homeowners Insurance Policy. Typically business pursuits are excluded, but you might want to contact your carrier/broker, to check on availability to include business pursuits, usually available at a very reasonable additional rate unless of course you're doing installation art...with pyrotechnics... i.e. IEDs (improvised explosive devices)...which would be subject to that pesky BBE...Boom-Boom Exclusion....
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Beverly Hills, CA (United States)
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Book your room at Jerba Sun Club
Get an overview of this hotelHotel with private beach, full-service spa
Nestled on the beach, this Midoun hotel is within 12 mi (20 km) of Borj El K'bir Fort, Houmt Souq Harbour, and El Ghriba Synagogue. Guellala Museum is 14.6 mi (23.5 km) away.
Hotel Features
Catch some rays on Jerba Sun Club's private white sand beach, pamper yourself at the full-service spa, or enjoy motor boating.
Room Amenities
All 385 rooms offer fireplaces, satellite TV, and phones.Would you like to give us feedback? Share it! Opens in a new window
Jerba Sun ClubB.P. N 92, Zone Touristique Sidi Mehrez Midoun
Hotel Amenities
All-Inclusive Details
All-inclusive room rates at Jerba Sun Club are available. These rates are higher because they include onsite food and beverages in the room rate (some restrictions may apply).
Food and beverages
- Buffet meals, snacks, and beverages included
Activities and facilities/equipment
Water activities
- Windsurfing
Land activities
- Fitness facilities
- Miniature golf
- Tennis
- Volleyball
- Aerobics
- Onsite entertainment and activities
- Access to onsite clubs
Not included
- Motorized water sports
- Premium and/or non-domestic beverages
- Minibar
- Spa/beauty facilities and services
- Transportation to offsite activities
Hotel Amenities
Some rates at Jerba Sun Club are all-inclusive. These rates include onsite meals and beverages, and may include taxes and gratuities. Additional charges may apply for meals at some restaurants, special dinners and dishes, certain beverages, and other amenities.
Simply walk outside to feel the sun on your face at the white sand beach. Enjoy the umbrellas and sun loungers for a relaxing day at the beach. At Jerba Sun Club, pamper yourself with a treatment at the full-service spa or have fun in the sun with activities like motor boating and volleyball.
The hotel offers a restaurant and a coffee shop/café. Guests can unwind with a drink at one of the hotel's bars, which include a poolside bar and a bar/lounge. High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. This beach hotel also offers an outdoor pool, a children's pool, and a health club. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
- 24-hour front desk
- Arcade/game room
- ATM/banking
- Bar/lounge
- Barbecue grill(s)
- Beach sun loungers
- Beach umbrellas
- Children's pool
- Coffee shop or café
- Conference space
- Elevator/lift
- Fireplace in lobby
- Free self parking
- Free WiFi
- Full-service spa
- Garden
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Hair salon
- Health club
- Laundry facilities
- Luggage storage
- Multilingual staff
- Number of floors - 2
- On private beach
- Outdoor pool
- Poolside bar
- Restaurant
- Television in common areas
- Tennis on site
- Terrace
- Total number of rooms - 385
- Turkish bath/Hammam
Family Friendly Amenities
- Arcade/game room
- Children's pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
- On private beach
- Outdoor pool
- Refrigerator (on request)
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Daily housekeeping
- Fireplace
- Phone
- Private bathroom
- Refrigerator (on request)
- Satellite TV service
- Shower/tub combination
Where to Eat
Jerba Sun Club has a restaurant on site.
Nearby Things to Do
A private beach and a health club are featured at the hotel. An outdoor pool and a children's pool are on site.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Golfing nearby
- Snorkeling nearby
- Personal motorized watercraft on site
- Scuba diving nearby
- Fitness classes on site
- Basketball on site
- Bicycle rentals on site
- Hiking/biking trails on site
- Horse riding/rental on site
- Motor boating on site
- Scooter/moped rentals on site
- Volleyball on site
Spa Services
Guests can indulge in a pampering treatment at the hotel's full-service spa. Services include massages, body wraps, body scrubs, and body treatments. The spa is equipped with Turkish bath/hammam. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including hydrotherapy.
- Body wraps
- Body scrubs
- Hydrotherapy treatments
- Massages
- Body treatments
Hotel Policies
Check-in time ends at Midnight
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Check-out time is Noon
Payment types
- No pets or service animals allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No rollaway/extra beds available
No cribs (infant beds) available
No pets or service animals allowed
A deposit is charged to the guest's credit card by E-rev UK LTD on the hotel's behalf for any bookings where payment for the stay will be made on site instead of at the time of booking. For more details, please contact the office using the information on the reservation confirmation received after booking.
- Resort fee
Optional extras
- Onsite credit card charges are subject to a surcharge
Hotel Name
- Jerba Sun Club
- Jerba Sun Club Hotel
- Jerba Sun Club Hotel Midoun
- Jerba Sun Club Midoun
We should mention
Local laws may restrict unmarried guests from sharing rooms. Guests are responsible for providing proof of marriage, if requested by the hotel. A resort fee is included in the total price displayed. No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.


text: Pharmacy and life sciences http://hdl.handle.net/10059/22 2016-07-29T16:02:16Z 2016-07-29T16:02:16Z Effect of deflocculation on the efficiency of sludge reduction by Fenton process. Amudha, V. Kavitha, S. Fernandez, Carlos Adishkumar, S. Rajesh Banu, J. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1529 2016-07-07T21:00:31Z 2016-06-30T00:00:00Z Effect of deflocculation on the efficiency of sludge reduction by Fenton process. Amudha, V.; Kavitha, S.; Fernandez, Carlos; Adishkumar, S.; Rajesh Banu, J. A novel approach to improve the efficiency of Fenton treatment for sludge reduction through the implication of a deflocculating agent citric acid, for the exclusion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from waste-activated sludge (WAS), was investigated. Deflocculation was achieved with 0.06 g/g suspended solids (SS) of citric acid dosage. Fenton optimization studies using response surface methodology (RSM) revealed that 0.5 and 0.0055 g/g SS were the optimal dosages of H2O2 and Fe2+. The addition of a cation-binding agent set the pH value of sludge to 5 which did not affect the Fenton efficiency. The results presented in this study shows the advantage of deflocculating the sludge as SS and volatile suspended solids (VSS) reductions were found to be higher in the deflocculated (53 and 63 %, respectively) than in the flocculated (22 and 34 %, respectively) sludges. Kinetic investigation of the treatment showed that the rate of the reaction was four times higher in the deflocculated sludge than control. The methodology reported in this manuscript was successfully applied to a real case were the deflocculated mediated Fenton process reduced the sludge disposal cost from 297.8 to 61.9 US dollars/ton of sludge. 2016-06-30T00:00:00Z Differential pulse voltammetric determination of albendazole and mebendazole in pharmaceutical formulations based on modified sonogel carbon paste electrodes with Perovskite-type LaFeO3 nanoparticles. Lopes de Macedo, Isaac Yves Ferreira Garcia, Luane Ribeiro de Souza, Aparecido Lima da Silva, Adélia Maria Fernandez, Carlos Gonçalves Santos, Maycon Dible Souza Magalhães, River Sapateiro Torres, Ieda Maria de Souza Gil, Eric http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1524 2016-06-28T21:00:48Z 2016-05-27T00:00:00Z Differential pulse voltammetric determination of albendazole and mebendazole in pharmaceutical formulations based on modified sonogel carbon paste electrodes with Perovskite-type LaFeO3 nanoparticles. Lopes de Macedo, Isaac Yves; Ferreira Garcia, Luane; Ribeiro de Souza, Aparecido; Lima da Silva, Adélia Maria; Fernandez, Carlos; Gonçalves Santos, Maycon Dible; Souza Magalhães, River; Sapateiro Torres, Ieda Maria; de Souza Gil, Eric Benzimidazoles, such as albendazole (AB) and mebendazole (MB), are common anthelmintic agents, widely used throughout the world to combat parasitic diseases. The electroanalytical sensing of AB and MB based on Perovskite-Type LaFeO3 nanoparticles modified sonogel carbon paste electrodes has been reported for the first time. Perovskite-type LaFeO3 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD indicates the formation of monophase perovskite LaFeO3 and FT-IR spectrum shows a band at 570 cm?1 which is associated to the formation of lanthanum ferrite. Microscopy images show that the distribution in pore size and shape is not well defined. The particles sizes are found to be above 200 nm. It was found that sonogel carbon paste modified electrodes with Perovskite-type LaFeO3 nanoparticles exhibit higher catalytic activity and sensitivity toward the detection of AB and MB compared to the unmodified electrode. The limits of detection for albendazole and mebendazole were reported to be 0.3 ?M and 0.6 ?M respectively and the limits of quantification 0.8 ?M and 1.7 ?M respectively. The electroanalytical protocol was successfully applied for the sensing of AB and MB in pharmaceutical formulations. 2016-05-27T00:00:00Z Synthesis and characterization of high-quality PbI 2 nanopowders from depleted SLA accumulator anode and cathode. Malevu, T.D. Ocaya, R.O. Tshabalala, K.G. Fernandez, Carlos http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1523 2016-06-28T21:00:42Z 2016-06-06T00:00:00Z Synthesis and characterization of high-quality PbI 2 nanopowders from depleted SLA accumulator anode and cathode. Malevu, T.D.; Ocaya, R.O.; Tshabalala, K.G.; Fernandez, Carlos High-quality lead iodide (PbI2) nanoparticles were synthesized from both anode and cathode of a discarded sealed lead-acid accumulator as starting materials. The structure, morphology, chemical composition and optical properties of washed PbI2 were investigated using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, photoluminescence and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The XRD measurements indicated the presence of pure hexagonal PbI2 nanoparticles. Application of the Scherrer equation indicates crystal sizes between 13.703 and 14.320 nm. SEM indicated the presence of spherical particle agglomerations between 1.5 and 3.5 μm in diameter. The measured band gap using two methods was consistent at 2.75 eV. EDS results suggest the absence of impurities in the synthesized nanoparticles. The overall results suggest that discarded sealed lead-acid accumulators can source pure hexagonal-phase lead iodide nanoparticles with potential applications in perovskite solar cells. The novelty aspect is that this approach has not been previously reported. 2016-06-06T00:00:00Z Lack of functional redundancy in the relationship between microbial diversity and ecosystem functioning. Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel Giaramida, Luca Reich, Peter B. Khachane, Amit N. Hamonts, Kelly Edwards, Christine Lawton, Linda A. Singh, Brajesh http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1516 2016-06-28T21:00:55Z 2016-04-07T00:00:00Z Lack of functional redundancy in the relationship between microbial diversity and ecosystem functioning. Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel; Giaramida, Luca; Reich, Peter B.; Khachane, Amit N.; Hamonts, Kelly; Edwards, Christine; Lawton, Linda A.; Singh, Brajesh 1. Biodiversity is declining worldwide with detrimental effects on ecosystems. However, we lack a quantitative understanding of the shape of the relationship between microbial biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF). This limits our understanding of how microbial diversity depletion can impact key functions for human well-being, including pollutant detoxification. 2. Three independent microcosm experiments were conducted to evaluate the direction (i.e. positive, negative or null) and the shape of the relationships between bacterial diversity and both broad (i.e. microbial respiration) and specialized (i.e. toxin degradation) functions in five Australian and two UK freshwater ecosystems using next-generation sequencing platforms. 3. Reduced bacterial diversity, even after accounting for biomass, caused a decrease in broad (i.e. cumulative microbial respiration) and specialized (biodegradation of two important toxins) functions in all cases. Unlike the positive but decelerating BEF relationship observed most frequently in plants and animals, most evaluated functional measurements were related to bacterial diversity in a non-redundant fashion (e.g. exponentially and/or linearly). 4. Synthesis. Our results suggest that there is a lack of functional redundancy in the relationship between bacterial diversity and ecosystem functioning; thus the consequences of declining microbial diversity on ecosystem functioning and human welfare have likely been considerably underestimated. 2016-04-07T00:00:00Z


text: show chapters 3 to Watch: BA, CAT, FB CNBC's Josh Lipton looks at three stocks to watch tomorrow, including Boeing, which reports before the bell. Caterpillar also reports before the bell, while Facebook announces after the close. 3 to Watch: BA, CAT, FB Tuesday, 23 Jul 2013 | 3:00 PM ET


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HostMonster Web Hosting Help
How to setup email on an Android based device
This article will show you how to setup email on a device running the Android OS.
- Create a new email account
- Incoming Mail Server
- Outgoing Mail Server
- Account Options
- Name the account
Create a new email account
- Enter your full "Email Address"
- Enter the password for your "Email Address"
- Tap "Next"
- Choose the type of email account you will be using.
- POP3: POP3 will download the emails from the server and store them on your phone.
- IMAP: IMAP will store the emails on the server and show a cached copy on your phone.
- Exchange: Exchange is not supported as it requires a Microsoft Exchange server
Incoming Server Settings
- Username: Please enter your full email address
- Password: The password for your email address.
- IMAP server: This is typically your domain name preceded by "mail.". This can be found in the E-mail Accounts section of the cPanel, under "More" > "Configure Mail Client" .
- Non Secure (No SSL): 143
Secure (SSL): 993
Note: Using "SSL (Accept all certificates)" will be more compatible.
- IMAP path prefix: Please enter INBOX. This will allow for you to store your Sent, Drafts and Deleted emails on the server.
- Tap Next.
Outgoing Server Settings
- SMTP server: This is typically your domain name preceded by "mail.". This can be found in the E-mail Accounts section of the cPanel, under "More" > "Configure Mail Client".
- Non Secure (No SSL): 25 or 26
Secure (SSL): 465
Note: Using "SSL (Accept all certificates)" will be more compatible.
- Require sign-in Check this as you will need to authenticate with the SMTP server.
- Username: Please enter your full email address
- Password: The password for your email address.
- Tap Next.
Account Options
Email Checking Frequency: Set how often you would like your device to check for new emails.
Note: The more often you check your email the more drain it will cause on your battery.
- Send email from this account by default Check this option if this will be your default email address
- Notify me when email arrives: Leave this checked if you would like to be notified of new email messages.
- Tap Next.
Name the account
- If you would like you can name the email account, this can be helpful if you have multiple accounts on the one device.
- Enter the name you would like to be shown on all outgoing emails that you send from the device.
- Tap Done.
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Colleges & Universities
North Idaho College
University of Idaho
Lewis-Clark State College
Boise State University
Idaho State University
For Parents
North Idaho Higher Education can help launch YOUR career right here in North Idaho.
We're five Idaho public colleges and universities, working together to provide a wide range of educational choices to help you develop the career that's right for you. Combining all our resources makes it possible for you to reach a new stage in your life and earning power - all while staying close to home.
We've got you covered no matter what type of certificate or degree your career requires: Technical Certificate, Associate, Bachelor's or Graduate degree.
Learn more. Just click Launch Your Career, fill out our brief Profile Card and we'll get back to you with a plan of action. Your career is closer than you think!


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Hotels near Salerno Station
Search hotels near Salerno Station in Salerno
Last minute Salerno deals
- B&B Suite 123from $72
- B&B Lucafrom $30
- La Dimora del Principe Boutique B&Bfrom $73
- Corte Segreta B&Bfrom $105
- Hotel Happyfrom $47
Trending now in Salerno
Hotels within 0.5 miles of Salerno Station
- Most bookedGrand Hotel Salerno
78 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Hotel is a little dated. Might be a mould problem. Be sure to open the window."
A Traveller, Oct 2015, CA
- Panoramic Rooms SalernoNo Guest Reviews yet
49 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
31 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Friendly and convenient for taking the train. There was a pricing mix-up that was immediately resolved."
A Traveller, Jun 2016, US
24 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"A great hotel in the middle of town within walking distance to all amenities. Staff, particularly Simona was very helpful with every question, going out of her way to help out when necessary. Would recommend this place to anyone"
A Traveller, Jun 2015, AU
- Casa CastagnaNo Guest Reviews yet
23 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
13 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"My wife and I both thoroughly enjoyed our 5 night stay in this small hotel, handy and a short walk to the train station, ferries and the main street with plenty of shops and bars. Good restaurants are ten minutes walk. Salerno is a safe to walk about into the early hours and has a lively night life"
A Traveller, Jun 2016, GB
3 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Fantastic hotel and location! Really enjoyed our stay."
A Traveller, Jul 2015, CA
Hotels within 1 mile of Salerno Station
15 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
11 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
- L' Ancora di TorrioneNo Guest Reviews yet
4 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Map of hotels near Salerno Station
- San Pietro
- Villa Comunale di Salerno
- Giardino della Minerva
- Salerno Cathedral
- Parco del Mercatello
- Arechi Stadium
- Basilica de San Pietro alli Marmi
- Palazzo di Citta di Salerno
- Montevetrano Castle
- Museo Archeologico Provinciale
- Teatro Verdi
- Piazza della Repubblica
- National Archaeological Museum of Pontecagnano
- Church of the Crucifix
- Umberto I Square
- National Museum of Agro Picentino
- San Pietro Cathedral
- Museo Diocesano di Salerno
- Forte La Carnale
- Archeological Museum of Eboli
Hotels in Salerno near Salerno Station
Are you looking for a cheap Salerno Station hotel, a 5 star Salerno Station hotel or a family friendly Salerno Station hotel? You just landed in the best site to find the best deals and offers on the most amazing accommodations for your stay.
When you search for hotels near Salerno Station with Hotels.com, you need to first check our online map and see the distance you will be from Salerno Station, Italy.
Our maps are based on hotel search and display areas and neighborhoods of each hotel so you can see how close you are from Salerno Station and refine your search within Salerno or Italy based on closest public transportation, restaurants and entertainment so you can easily get around the city. All the hotels details page show an option for free or paid onsite parking.
If you wish to see the hotels with the highest featuring discounts and deals near Salerno Station, simply filter by price/ average nightly rate. We recommend you filter by star rating and read our genuine guest reviews so you can get the best quality hotel with the best discount.
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Make the most out of your family vacation when you book your accommodation with Hotels.com – book your hotel near Salerno Station, Salerno after reviewing the facilities and amenities listed for each hotel.
After booking your hotel near Salerno Station, expect to receive your reservation confirmation in the mail in less than 10 minutes. The confirmation email contains more information on all nearby attractions, local directions and weather forecast, so you can better plan the days during your trip.
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Monsterology (Hardback)Dugald Steer, Wayne Anderson, Helen Ward, Tomislav Tomic
Hardback Published: 01/07/2008
- In stock
Click & Collect From your local shop
Although dragonology was Dr. Drake's vocation, this title reveals that he spent time researching many other creatures, from manticores and unicorns to gryphons, centaurs and sea serpents.
Publisher: Templar Publishing
You may also be interested in...
ReviewsWrite your review
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Political Science Scholarships
If things aren't dramatic enough on "The Real World," just flip the channel to a newscast: politics are never lacking in the drama department. Perhaps under the guise of "do-good" efforts and diplomatic affairs, this is what really draws students into the field: the excitement, competition and, yes, the ever-present drama.
Whatever it is that makes you want to study political science, go with your gut. Political science majors will learn more than the facts. They will receive a well-rounded college education almost guaranteed to prepare them for future success. After all, attending college as a political science major lets you see the big picture, a useful skill whether you go on to practice law, participate in politics or work in practically any other field.
Unfortunately, such a phenomenally useful college education comes at a cost. Even the most ambitious and talented students may find it difficult to pay for school, but that should not stop them from pursuing their goals. Many political science scholarships are available to students who plan to make the subject their college major so before moving on to general scholarship awards, political science students may want to look for college scholarships based on their area of study. After all, it takes a special kind of person to find C-SPAN fascinating and political science scholarship providers want to recognize such people and reward them with scholarship money.
By conducting a free college scholarship search at Scholarships.com, students can find political science scholarships they are eligible to receive. Without exerting additional effort, they can eliminate competition from students who don't share their major. Certainly, the politically-minded can see how this would be a smart move.
Aziz Jamaluddin Scholarship
Application Deadlines: March 01, Annually
Given his strong belief to have a generation of educated Muslims to speak out and communicate the true meaning of Islam in all types of media, the Jamaluddin family arranged for a scholarship fund to be established to support five students each year throughout their education in the fields of Journalism and Political Science. [...] More
Anthony C. "Tony" Russo Scholarship
Application Deadlines: September 30, Annually
The NPELRA Foundation is a nonprofit subsidiary of the National Public Employer Labor Relations Association (NPELRA). The Foundation provides scholarships to deserving graduate students studying labor and employee relations or a closely related field. The Foundation seeks to provide worthy graduate students interested in a career in public sector labor and employee relations with financial [...] More
APSA Minority Fellowship Program
Application Deadlines: March 31, Annually
Minority Fellows Program is a fellowship competition for individuals from under-represented backgrounds applying to doctoral programs in political science. The MFP was established in 1969 (originally as the Black Graduate Fellowship) to increase the number of minority scholars in the discipline.
For more information or to apply, please visit the scholarship provider's [...] More
Ashbrook Scholar Program
Application Deadlines:
The purpose of the Ashbrook Scholar Program is to assist students in acquiring the intellectual and moral virtues required for thoughtful citizenship. We do this through sustained reflection on the writings of those who have thought most deeply and comprehensively about human nature and political organization, and the opinions, character, and actions of those who have most remarkably practiced [...] More
Aziz Jamaluddin Scholarship in Journalism
Application Deadlines: March 01, Annually
The Aziz Jamaluddin ISNA Scholarship Program was established because of the strong belief in the need of Muslim students pursuing journalism. Mr. Jamaluddin noted the long history of biased media reporting and felt that there has been a lack of voices representative of Islam inside mainstream American media. His continuing dedication and focus on helping the needy and promoting education and [...] More
Bache Renshaw Fellowship
Application Deadlines: January 16, Annually
The Renshaw Fellowship supports the study and shaping of school curricula by providing grants to those seeking to become superintendents; curriculum developers; or influential scholars teaching, writing, and lecturing on educational issues. The Renshaw Fellowship is granted to current doctoral students or applicants to doctoral programs in education.
-Applicants must be members [...] More
Charles Koch Foundation Dissertation Grant
Application Deadlines:
Charles G. Koch has supported research and educational programs focused on improving human well-being, especially for the least fortunate, for more than 50 years. The Charles Koch Foundation has continued this mission since its founding in 1980 by supporting the study of free societies, and the ideas, institutions, and values that maximize well-being. The Foundation's culture is based on our [...] More
COAG Scholarship
Application Deadlines: April 01, Annually
Any Georgia high school senior (or a GED equivalency) who is a United States citizen graduating by the spring of the current academic year or any Georgia student currently enrolled in a school of accredited higher education located in Georgia is eligible to apply for a COAG scholarship.
The criteria for the award include:
- Presenting a letter of acceptance or letter of enrollment from a [...] More
Davidson Fellows Scholarship
Application Deadlines: February 10, Annually
The Davidson Fellows Scholarship awards scholarships to extraordinary young people, 18 and under, who have completed a significant piece of work. Application categories are science, technology, engineering, mathematics, literature, music, philosophy and outside the box. Davidson Fellows are honored every year in Washington, D.C. with Congressional meetings and a special reception. [...] More
Enid Hall Griswold Memorial Scholarship
Application Deadlines: February 10, Annually
The Enid Hall Griswold Memorial Scholarship is awarded to two deserving college juniors or seniors enrolled in an accredited college or university in the United States who is pursuing a major in political science, history, government, or economics.
All applicants must be citizens of the United States and must attend or plan to attend an accredited college or university in the United States. [...] More
EPP Undergraduate Scholarship Program
Application Deadlines: January 29, Annually
The goal of the EPP Undergraduate Scholars Program is to increase the number of students who undertake course work and graduate with degrees in targeted academic fields integral to NOAA's mission. This program targets students who have completed their sophomore year, attending minority serving institutions (MSIs), and have recently declared, or about to declare a major in atmospheric, oceanic, or [...] More
Gloria Barron Wilderness Society Scholarship
Application Deadlines: March 31, Annually
Graduate students meeting the eligibility requirements noted below may apply directly to The Wilderness Society.
-Be enrolled in an accredited graduate institution in North America
-Have strong academic qualifications
-Have academic and/or career goals focused on making a significant positive difference in the long-term protection of wilderness in the United States. Graduate [...] More
GWCF National Scholarship Competition
Application Deadlines: January 15, Annually
The GWCF National Scholarship Competition is open to all high school seniors who are U. S. citizens and are planning careers of service to the United States in local, state, or federal government.
Entrants receiving full four-year tuition scholarships shall only be eligible for one-year special awards.
Three (3) copies of a one-page essay not to exceed 300 words stating why applicant is [...] More
ISF National Scholarships
Application Deadlines: March 21, Annually
The Islamic Scholarship Fund (ISF) is a non-profit 501(c)(3) entity founded in 2009 whose mission is to address the under-representation of American Muslims in the fields and occupations that influence public opinion and make public policy. Our belief is that fostering education and improving Muslim representation in all walks of life including media and politics will lead to full integration and [...] More
ISI Henry Salvatori Fellowship
Application Deadlines: January 16, Annually
The ISI Salvatori Fellowship seeks to further an understanding and appreciation of the principles held by the American Founding Fathers and the culture that formed their values and views.
The Salvatori Fellowship is granted to current graduate students in a field related to the American Founding. Eligible applicants are:
-Members of the Intercollegiate Studies Institute
-Engaged in graduate [...] More
James Madison Foundation Graduate Fellowships
Application Deadlines: March 01, Annually
The James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation offers James Madison Graduate Fellowships to individuals desiring to become outstanding teachers of the American Constitution at the secondary school level. Fellowship applicants compete only against other applicants from the states of their legal residence. As funding permits, the Foundation plans to offer one fellowship per state per year. [...] More
Matt Fong Asian Americans in Public Finance Scholarship
Application Deadlines: February 19, Annually
Asian Americans in Public Finance strives to enhance, develop and promote the professional lives and careers of dedicated Asian Americans in public finance as well as those interested in pursuing a career in public finance or the public sector.
Public finance is the study of government's impact on the economy, and a profession in public finance involves the funding and financial management of [...] More
Media Fellows Program
Application Deadlines: July 14, Annually
With the Media Fellows Program, the Washington Media Scholars Foundation recognizes enthusiastic and qualified students by awarding several scholarships each academic year. In the upcoming academic year, the foundation will distribute over $40,000 in total scholarship awards.
These grants support the academic development of undergraduates dedicated to pursuing a career related to the public [...] More
Michael P. Murphy Public Service Graduate Scholarship
Application Deadlines: April 01, Annually
Established by the Dyson Foundation in honor of its friend and board member Michael P. Murphy and supported by his family friends and colleagues the Michael P. Murphy Public Service Scholarship awards an annual scholarship to a resident of Dutchess County who is currently enrolled in or planning to matriculate at an accredited graduate school with the intent to pursue a career in government. [...] More
Minorities in Government Finance Scholarship
Application Deadlines: February 19, Annually
The Minorities in Government Finance Scholarship is available for award to an upper-division undergraduate or graduate
student enrolled in a course of study preparing for a career in state and local government finance.
-Currently a full or part-time upper-division undergraduate or graduate student in public administration, governmental accounting, finance, political science, [...] More
MIT Inspire Competition
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MIT INSPIRE is the first national research competition for high school students in the arts, humanities, and social sciences. The competition is organized by MIT undergraduates. Participating high school students, as individuals or teams of two will submit research reports in one of 13 fields, such as: history, economics, or philosophy. Approximately 100 finalists with the most exceptional [...] More
National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Center
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The National Science Foundation's Graduate Research Fellowship Program helps ensure the vitality of the human resource base of science and engineering in the United States and reinforces its diversity. The program recognizes and supports outstanding graduate students in NSF-supported science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines who are pursuing research-based master's and [...] More
Nellie Martin Carman Scholarship Fund
Application Deadlines: March 01, Annually
Founded in 1949, the Nellie Martin Carman Scholarship is available to graduating seniors from public high schools in King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties in Washington state. Application forms are only available through these high schools and candidates for the scholarship are nominated by their school each year by March 1st. Awards range from $500 to $2,000 a year, and scholarships are renewable [...] More
NFRW Betty Rendel Scholarship
Application Deadlines: June 01, Annually
The National Federation of Republican Women established the Betty Rendel Scholarship Fund in September 1995 in honor of NFRW Past President Betty Rendel's extraordinary leadership skills and dedication to the Republican Party in her home state of Indiana, as well as on the national level.
The three annual scholarships of $1,000 are designed for undergraduate Republican women who are currently [...] More
PunditWire Political Communication Fellowship
Application Deadlines: April 30, Annually
PunditWire, political commentary website for speechwriters sponsored by the School of Communication at American University, is seeking a graduate student fellow to serve as editor of the site. This unique opportunity will allow the student to get involved with a consequential political publication and connect with some of the top communicators and speechwriters in the country. The fellow will [...] More
Roosevelt Archival Internships
Application Deadlines: April 01, Annually
The Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (FERI) offer Roosevelt Archival Internships to college and graduate level students. Preference may be given to students majoring in history, political science, archival, library, or computer/information science. Research skills, basic computer skills, familiarity with the Internet, and knowledge of Windows, Word [...] More
Study and Internship Program in Germany (SIP-UAS7)
Application Deadlines: February 15, Annually
Since 2006, the Study & Internship Program (SIP) has enabled highly qualified undergraduates from U.S. and Canadian colleges and universities to experience the German approach to hands-on education at a member of UAS7, a consortium of Germany's top universities of applied sciences. SIP students spend a semester studying at a UAS7 campus and a semester interning. Internships typically last 5-6 [...] More
The California Federation of Republican Women's President Ronald Reagan Scholarship
Application Deadlines: August 15, Annually
The California Federation of Republican Women is offering a scholarship in honor of President Ronald
The annual scholarship of $2,000 is being offered to an undergraduate registered Republican woman who is
majoring in Political Science, Communication, or directed toward Law. The applicant must be a United
States citizen who has completed two years of college. The applicant must [...] More
The IHS PhD Scholarship
Application Deadlines: March 01, Annually
The new PhD Scholarship from the Institute for Humane Studies awards scholarships to promising students each year who are interested in developing, teaching, and applying the principles of a free society. The PhD Scholarship is open to full-time graduate students enrolled in PhD programs during the upcoming academic year. Applicants must demonstrate research interest in the area of individual and [...] More
The Saul Kagan Claims Conference Fellowship for Advanced Shoah Studies
Application Deadlines: January 04, Annually
The Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany (Claims Conference) is offering a limited number of fellowships for Ph.D. and postdoctoral candidates conducting research on the Holocaust.
The Saul Kagan Claims Conference Fellowship for Advanced Shoah Studies aims to strengthen Shoah studies and Holocaust memory throughout the world. Our mission is to support the advanced study of the [...] More
TKE Bruce B. Melchert Scholarship
Application Deadlines: March 15, Annually
A former member of the Board of Directors of the TKE Educational Foundation, Bruce B. Melchert was initiated a Teke at Beta-Theta Chapter at the University of Missouri – Columbia and served as the Executive Vice President of TKE from 1960 to 1972. After leaving the staff, this Knight of Apollo was elected to the Grand Council in 1979, serving as Grand Prytanis from 1987 to 1989. He is a recipient [...] More
Virginia and Frank Misselhorn Memorial Scholarship
Application Deadlines: July 31, Annually
The Lint Center for National Security Studies, Inc, a non-profit charity, focused on supporting the educational pursuits of the next generation of America's Counterintelligence and National Security Workers, today unveiled the Virginia and Frank Misselhorn Memorial Scholarship which aims to identify, support, and mentor an emerging leader focused on Alliance Building, Counterintelligence, and [...] More
Wayne V. Black Scholarship
Application Deadlines: January 29, Annually
In 2006, the Board of Directors of the Energy Telecommunications & Electrical Association established the Wayne V. Black Scholarship Award. It was with great sadness that in the fall of 2011, ENTELEC mourned the loss of Mr. Black. The scholarship has been renamed the "Wayne V. Black Memorial Scholarship Award".
In recognition of his many years of service on behalf of ENTELEC, the Board of [...] More
Last Edited: December 2015
Political Science Scholarships
- Aziz Jamaluddin Scholarship
- Anthony C. "Tony" Russo Scholarship
- APSA Minority Fellowship Program
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- Aziz Jamaluddin Scholarship in Journalism
- Bache Renshaw Fellowship
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- ISI Henry Salvatori Fellowship
- James Madison Foundation Graduate Fellowships
- Matt Fong Asian Americans in Public Finance Scholarship
- Media Fellows Program
- Michael P. Murphy Public Service Graduate Scholarship
- Minorities in Government Finance Scholarship
- MIT Inspire Competition
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Center
- Nellie Martin Carman Scholarship Fund
- NFRW Betty Rendel Scholarship
- PunditWire Political Communication Fellowship
- Roosevelt Archival Internships
- Study and Internship Program in Germany (SIP-UAS7)
- The California Federation of Republican Women's President Ronald Reagan Scholarship
- The IHS PhD Scholarship
- The Saul Kagan Claims Conference Fellowship for Advanced Shoah Studies
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- Virginia and Frank Misselhorn Memorial Scholarship
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University to Offer "Green Lives Matter" Course
July 28, 2016
by Susan DutcaThe University of Wisconsin - Green Bay is offering a course to educate students on the environmental justice movement, and it's titled "Green Lives Matter." From topics of flint lead contamination to migrant farm worker pesticide exposure, the program "argues the effects of capitalism force poor and minority community to live in dangerous and unhealthy situations". If you have a passion [...]
An Underrepresented, Struggling Minority in Higher Education
July 26, 2016
by Susan DutcaNative American students lag behind their peers from a young age, across almost every measure of student success. From college enrollment, to test scores and on-time graduation, they have the lowest rates of any racial subgroup. They make up a mere 1 percent of the high school and college population and tend to be overlooked when it comes to discussion about the nation's achievement [...]
10 Sweet Scholarships for Being a Man
July 21, 2016
by Susan DutcaColleges and universities across the nation are starting to engage more in discussions regarding what it means to be a man. Masculinity, just like femininity, is celebrated through these gender-specific scholarships. So man-up and check out these scholarship opportunities!: Colored Rocks Contest [...]


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How to set-up a refinance mortgage loan?I recently did a refinance. I set up the loan with zero balance and then transferred the open balance to the new loan. However, when I look at the new loan in Quicken, it shows a loan amount of .01 with a payment amount of the balance. So, I must have done this wrong.
How are you supposed to add a refinance loan and close the preceding loan without out losing the history?


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Treaties, States Parties and Commentaries
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Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land. The Hague, 18 October 1907.
Art. 3
Art. 3. A belligerent party which violates the provisions of the said Regulations shall, if the case demands, be liable to pay compensation. It shall be responsible for all acts committed by persons forming part of its armed forces.
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No Refugee-Bashing in My Name!
The refugee crisis is global and requires a global response. Blaming refugee for acts of terror are wrong.
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January 2, 2014
Three Iranian exiles were killed and 70 members of the People's Mojahedeen Organization of Iran were wounded on 26 December 2013 when Camp Liberty in Baghdad was attacked with rockets and mortars....
December 4, 2013
Khaled Khalifa Mahmud, was sentenced to death in October 2009. His confession that was allegedly obtained under torture, he is at imminent risk of execution in Iraq.
November 19, 2013
The seven abducted Iranian exiles are now known to be held by the Iraqi security forces at an unofficial detention facility. They are at risk of torture and other ill-treatments.
November 15, 2013
Five Iraqi men, who were were sentenced to death in 2009, were transferred to a prison in Baghdad known to carry out executions. They are at imminent risk of execution.


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Get Involved on SEA Pledge Action Day
Want to know what is happening near you for SEA Pledge Action Day? Check out this list!
Want to know what is happening near you for SEA Pledge Action Day? Check out this list!
After an exciting four weeks on the road, the Sustainable Seas Trust's SEA Pledge team is back in the Eastern Cape.
Due to SAMSA's sponsorship and support, the tour has been a great success. Sustainable Seas Trust has enjoyed promoting SAMSA and...
Artist Project Earth [APE] presents A CLIMATE OF CHANGE Concert for East Africa as part of the COP17 conference, on 4th December, 2011. The concert will be hosted on the Durban beach front,...
Sustainable Seas Trust (SST) acknowledges Ellingham Resorts - Rocky Bay and their support of the SEA Pledge crusade. Ellingham Resorts – Rocky Bay boasts a variety of self catering log cabins, a first class 12 sleeper flat and caravan park all...
Saturday, 3rd of December 2011, is a very important day for the SEA Pledge crusade. On this day, in the middle of COP 17, SST is planning to have thousands of people exchange pledges while participating in fun events. Our goal is to raise awareness and understanding with a view to encouraging people to make pledges to set and achieve higher standards.
Read about SEA Pledge Action Day in Grocotts
Read about SEA Pledge and the South Coast Surf Carnival in The Witness
Read about the SEA Pledge Coastal Tour in the Ballito Fever Article 1 Article 2
Read about Simon Gear at the launch of the SEA Pledge Coastal Tour in The Herald
17 October: Read about SEA Pledge in the Herald
4 November: Publicity Update
4 November: East Coast Radio Blogs
9 November: The Dive Site
The second leg of our Road Tour is well underway now, and the SEA Pledge team is having a great time and making some wonderful new friends. We first visited Plettenberg Bay where Dr Tony Ribbink and Mayor Memory Booysen put the town on the map and...
After two weeks on the road, the SEA Pledge team has just returned from the northern-most and deepest point of the Sea Pledge coastal tour. In Sodwana Bay, SST Director, Dr. Ribbink delivered a presentation to an engaged audience. Afterwards, the...
"With every breath we take, every drop of water we drink, we're connected to the ocean. It is our life support system, giving us more than half of the oxygen we breathe, regulating climate, and providing valuable resources."- Sylvia Earle (SST Patron)


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|Coca Plant with Red Drupes in Blossom
Erythroxylum Coca
The Coca Plant
Botanical Information:Coca plants are small evergreen shrubs with reddish bark whose leaves are the sources of cocaine (Erowid). They have many small branchlets with leaves that measure 4-7 cm long and 3-4 in width. The plants have small yellowish-green flowers that grow on them and develop into red drupes (Rottman). Leaves grown in Columbia tend to be smaller and less pointy than those grown in other locations. Coca is grown from seed. When the drupes are ripe, women tend to go around and collect them. The pulp is washed away and the seeds are allowed to dry in the sun. The seeds are then placed in seed beds and germinate in approximately 24 days (Rottman). When the plants reach a height of about 30-40 cm, they are transplanted to prepared fields. This is done during the rainy season and after three years the plants may produce a small harvest of leaves. In the ensuing years, leaves are harvested three of four times per year from the plant (Rottman). Insects known as mounga burrow into the trunk of the plant and can destroy the plant and taja, a fungus, tends to grown on the leaves and branchlets of the coca plant.
Relatives:Erythroxylum coca is a member order of Geraniales and the family of Erythroxylaceae. There are four genera and approximately 200 species in this family. Coca was first described as Erythroxylum by A.L. Jussieu in 1783 and was given the binomial Erythroxylum coca by Lamarck in 1786. There are two species of domesticated coca, Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense. The two species have two varieties, Erythroxylum coca var. coca, E. coca var. Ipuda, E. novogranatense var. novogranatense and E. novogranatense var. truxillense (Rottman).
Location:The coca plant first originated in the Montana zone of the eastern Andes Mountains in South America and is now grown all over the world in areas including South America, Ceylon, Taiwan, Indonesia and Formosa. Although the coca plant typically grows in these regions, it is transported globally mainly for drug purposes.
|Map of Coca Cultivation and Cocaine Processing in South America
History:The use of the coca plant predates the conquest of the Incas, in prehistoric times. The earliest coca leaves were discovered in the Huaca Prieta settlement 2,500-1,800 BC in the northern coast of Peru. This evidence is proof that the natives of South America were using coca for a series of purposes more than 1,500 years ago (Hurtado). While all pre-Columbian cultures in the Andes have left evidence of usage, there is also evidence that coca was an important domesticated plant in the early years of the New World. It has been argued by historians that the coca plant was in fact the backbone of the Andean region and its culture. Cieza de Leon describes the importance of the plant and wrote of it, "To speak truthfully, I cannot be convinced that this is all a figment of the imagination. I am rather inclined to believe that there is, in fact, another force and spirit in the natives because there are no effects that can be attributed to imagination, which is how, with the help of a handful of coca leaves, they can walk for days without food, at times other such things and other similar works (Hurtado)." Uses of coca in the ancient times included forecasting of coming events, curing certain ailments and mediating interactions with the Andean Pantheon through offerings. Coca was also used as currency during the Colonial Period because it was considered even more valuable than silver or gold. It is interesting that the Catholic Church adamantly opposed the use of coca because the institution maintained that the plant was capable of capturing the soul of users.
|Cocaine in Processed Form
on brain function. Cocaine prevents dopamine, a brain chemical associated with pleasure and movement, from being recycled, allowing it to build up disrupting normal communication. This excess of dopamine is responsible for cocaine's euphoric effects. With repeated use, cocaine can cause changes in the brain's reward system along with alterations in other systems, which can lead to addiction. With repeated use, tolerance to the cocaine high also often develops and many cocaine abusers report that they fail to achieve as much pleasure from cocaine as they did from their first exposure (NIDA InfoFacts).
Click here to see a demonstration of How Cocaine is Made
Columbian Cartels:
|Pablo Escobar's war against the Colombian government
The Medellin Cartel, which was run by the notorious Pablo Escobar, joined with a young marijuana smuggler named Chris Lehder who convinced the organization that they could ship cocaine directly to the United States in large quantities using small airplanes, rather than make numerous suitcase trips ("The Colombian Cartels"). Although the cartel became extremely successful through implementing this method, Escobar became increasingly violent toward the Colombian government when they threatened to extradite traffickers to the United States. The cartel ultimately self-destructed in reaction to the violence brought on by Escobar's war with the government.
The Medellin Cartel also lost control over the Colombian drug trade because of the competition provided by the Rodriguez Orejuela brothers, Santacruz Londono, and their Cali Cartel. The Cali Cartel ran their organization as a sophisticated business. They collected their drug profits, reinvested them in legitimate businesses, and were extraordinarily successful. When cocaine use in the United States began to drop, they began shipping more and more into Europe and Asia. The leaders are thought to own huge swaths of land in Colombia, along with dozens of very successful legitimate businesses. The Cali leaders were astute businessmen and they invested heavily in political protection. Many Colombian government officials were charged with or accused of accepting bribes from the Cali Cartel. However, in the mid-1990s, most Cali leaders were arrested and sentenced to prison terms of about 10-15 years, although they were not extradited to the United States ("The Colombian Cartels").
It is believed that there are approximately 300 active drug smuggling organizations in Colombia today. Using the history of Medellin and Cali as examples, these new organizations are typically smaller and fragmented. While one group controls the jungle labs, another deals with transportation of coca base from the fields to the labs. There are well known links between the Colombian Marxists guerilla groups and the cocaine trade. It is believed that guerilla forces protect the fields and the labs in remote zones of Colombia. It is also argued that Colombian right wing paramilitary groups are in control of both fields, labs and some of the smuggling routes, which has led to nothing short of disaster for Colombian politics and society. ("The Colombian Cartels").
Medicinal Uses:People in impoverished nations chew coca as a way to relieve hunger, although its continued use causes a severe deterioration in health. The leaves of the plant are also used as a cerebral and muscle stimulant to relieve nausea, vomiting and pains of the stomach without upsetting the digestion (Grieve). The danger of establishing an addiction to the drug, however, far outweigh the benefits it may have as a stimulant. Cocaine is considered a protoplasmic poison, having an affinity for nervous tissue because it is a powerful local anesthetic and can paralyze the sensory nervous fiber (Grieve). If coca is applied to the eye is dilates the pupil and produces a complete anesthesia. It is a general stimulant to the central nervous system and the brain, especially the motor areas. doses cause hallucinations, restlessness, tremors and convulsions (Grieve). Those acquiring the Cocaine habit or addiction typically suffer from emaciation, loss of memory, sleeplessness and delusions.
Other Cultural Uses:The coca plant plays a key role in reciprocating manners in the Andean region. There is no exchange that does not include coca. For instance, when a man and a woman get married, they build a house and plant a coca field, which grows with them and their family. When their children grow up and bring spouses to help with the field, the home will have reached the pinnacle of production (Hurtado). Coca is also used in South American cultures to protect individuals and is important for fortune tellers because without this magical plant, they cannot see into the future accurately. The plant is also used for religious purposes, to make offerings to the gods. Coca is the most critical product to Andean people because it is an element of survival and represents what is sacred to them, their culture, traditions, and their endurance against abuse and exploitation (Hurtado).
"The Colombian Cartels." Public Broadcasting Service. 2010. Web. 5 December 2010. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/business/inside/colombian.html>.
Erowid. "Erythroxylum coca." The Vaults of Erowid. 2010. Web. 4 December 2010. <http://www.erowid.org/plants/coca/coca.shtml>.
Grieve, M. "Coca, Bolivian." n.p. 1995. Web. 4 December 2010. <http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/c/cocobo78.html>.
Hurtado, Jorge. "History of the Coca Plant." Cocaine the Legend. Bolivia: La Paz Bolivia, 1995. Web. 3 December 2010.
"NIDA InfoFacts: Cocaine." National Institute on Drug Abuse. 2010. Web. 5 December 2010. <http://drugabuse.gov/infofacts/cocaine.html>.
Rottman, April. "Erythroxylum: The Coca Plant." Southern Illinois University Herbarium. 1997. Web. 4 December 2010. <http://www.ethnoleaflets.com/leaflets/coca.htm>.
Image References:
Pablo Escobar picture <http://www.semana.com/photos/generales/ImgArticulo_T1_58261_2008123_114606.jpg>
Map of Coca Plant <http://www.usm.maine.edu/~mstein/coca1.jpg>
Coca Plant picture <http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/uploads/RTEmagicC_Erythroxylum_coca.jpg.jpg>
Cocaine picture <http://www.justice.gov/dea/images_cocaine.html>
Cup of tea <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Mate_de_coca_Peru.jpg>