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text: Céline Dion, new Studio Album and Tour in 2017? By Susan GarnerQuebec CityLast updated on July 23, 2016TranslationsFrançais中文 Tweeter Céline Dion »See more news, pictures and video. Hot newsMoney July 22, 2016Céline Dion is Highest-Paid Singer in the WorldInternational July 23, 2016Céline Dion, Time's 'Person of the Year' 2016?Has Céline Dion been working on a new album? While representatives are keeping tight-lipped, reports have been circulating on the Internet. There have been strong rumors that the singer is finally returning to the recording studio working on a what might be a back-to-roots album.UPDATE 23/07/2016 : This story seems to be false. (read more)According to a source, rumors of Céline Dion working in recording studio are true, with as many as eight songs having been put to tape. "It's still in the early stages," "She's got security on the doors to ensure no-one hears a whisper," a source said.World Tour To Follow New Album?Céline Dion is rumoured to be planning a worldwide tour at the end of 2017. When contacted, a representative had no information on a new album, or any of the singer's future plans. This isn't the first time in recent memory reports have surfaced about Céline Dion recording sessions. Fans will be anxiously awaiting...Do you think Céline Dion will pick up right where he left off and deliver another excellent album? Have you heard any rumors about the new album? Let us know!!© 2016 MediaMass All rights reserved. Do not reproduce (even with permission).Céline Dion: Recent NewsHot July 22, 2016Céline Dion Named Sexiest Singer AliveBreaking Up July 15, 2016Céline Dion Single Again?Love July 19, 2016Céline Dion Engaged?Celebrity CentralABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ


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JobsEducational Opportunities
Interested in posting a job or educational opportunity on this page? Click here to find out how.
Online Job and Educational Opportunities Postings (30 days)
*Those listing educational or job listings in both the print edition of Arms Control Today as well as the Jobs and Educational Opportunities page of armscontrol.org are charged a flat versus monthly fee (i.e., their ad remains on the website until the position is filled versus the standard 30-day listing period).
For information on posting an employment or educational opportunity in this space and/or in the print edition of Arms Control Today, please contact the advertising coordinator at 202-463-8270 x109 or email [email protected] with "ACT Advertising" in the subject line.
Posted: April 21, 2008


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|Tim Funk <funk...@apache.org>
|Re: Testing new website sync process
|Thu, 03 Sep 2009 11:13:04 GMT
Does that mean the entire site would be in svn? If so - would that also mean that all documentation (like javadocs etc) would move into svn? -Tim Mark Thomas wrote: > Folks, > > As part of the response to the recent compromise of ASF servers [1] the > infrastructure team are introducing a new way to sync web sites from svn > and are looking for PMS to volunteer to test the new process. > --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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Mass Cruisers Auto Club
|Current Events
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|Our Member Rides
|Join the Cruisers
|Links To Our Favorite Sites
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Our 25th Annual AutoFest Car Show is on August 21st
A Complete List Of Award Winners From
Click on the picture below to download the full 4 page flyer in PDF form
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August 18th Cruise Changed to 25th
Our 24th Annual Autofest Is Available By Clicking On The "Our Annual Car Show" Link In The Table At The Top Of
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The Mass Cruisers are now on Facebook. Click HERE to check it out.
Our 25th Annual AutoFest Car Show is on August 21st
A Complete List Of Award Winners From
Whether you are interested in
Cruisin', Car Shows, Cruise Nites,
To comment on any Mass Cruiser sponsored event please send to the Board of Directors
If you have any questions about the web site please contact the webmaster at email@example.com


text: Sweetwater meets SweetWater in an effort to reinstate the natural beauty of Sweetwater Creek State Park. After the creek flooded I-20 nearly a month ago, the park is in desperate need of maintenance and cleanup. The park, along with the Georgia Conservancy and SweetWater Brewery, encourages volunteers to join SWEETWATER FOR SWEETWATER, a day of community service and trail maintenance. Following the cleanup, each volunteer receives free passes to that afternoon's brewery tour. Free. Cleanup, 10:30 a.m.; tour, 2:30 p.m. Sweetwater Creek State Park, 1750 Mount Vernon Road, Lithia Springs; SweetWater Brewery, 195 Ottley Drive. 404-876-2900. www.georgiaconservancy.org.


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Member Info
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0 videos
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Joined: Jun 11, 2010 (6 years ago)
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Pitchingace88 5 years ago
awesome! i wish it didnt lag on my computer or i would've played it
awesome, tell me who you choose and the path you choose :)
so your a bad girl?
yes, i have a hard time being bad, which is why my nickname fits so well ;)
fgn209 6 years ago
No probs, Ill be sure to check out your vidz when you get some up ;]
Go Lakers :)
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15 years of marriage with 2 kids. 150K Salary, wife was laid off two years ago and still can't get a job.
This would be for the state of Delaware
Business Attorney
Delaware does not have a generic calculator for spousal support. The general rule is support is based upon the needs of both parties being met. The determination of need involves many factors including housing, insurance etc.
An additional consideration involves child support. With two minor children, the State of Delaware would employ the Melson formula to determine child support during mediation. In Delaware, child custody and support are separate matters from divorce. Child support should be included in calculation for spousal support.
I hope this was helpful.
Greg Stewart
Law Office of Gregory D. Stewart, P.A.
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Happy 22nd Birthday, Emma Watson!
Emma Watson celebrates a birthday today.
And although it may seem hard to believe - because she's been in our lives for so long and because she comes across as more mature than many celebrities twice her age - the young woman behind Hermione Granger is only 22 years old.


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Tamara Renee Tunie (born March 14, 1959) is an American film, stage, and television actress, director, and producer. She is best known for her portrayal of attorney Jessica Griffin on the CBS soap opera As the World Turns, and medical examiner Melind...a Warner on the NBC police drama Law & Order: Special Victims Unit. From 2000 to 2007 (and again briefly in 2009 and 2010), she appeared on both series simultaneously. Tunie has also appeared in film, most notably playing the key supporting role of Margaret Thomason in the 2012 film Flight.
Connect any celebrity with Tamara Tunie to see how closely they are linked... romantically!
i would loved to see you in an episode of the LWORD
i would love to see tamara have her own show playing the same character she plays on svu
Tamara is a wonderful actress! She plays the best coroner out of any show I watch. I look forward to watching her next season on Law


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Too Many Games!!
Too Many Games!!
Aug 21, 2004 7:37AM PST
I've spent too much money on games!! Im updating my list every day, I must spend my money on other things like food and clothes. Retro gamers check these out, 1UP wont add these to my collection: Devil Crash for Sega MegaDrive, Card Fighters Capcom Edition for Neo Geo Pocket. Both are quality games.
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Congratulations to Jeff Kringer, above and to the left. Jeff, who played Harold Hill in our recent production of The Music Man in Concert, has won 2nd place and received a $7,000 cash prize in the recent musical theater competition sponsored by the National Society of Arts and Letters.
ON STAGE FOR YOUTH: Click here for information on the 2016-17 series>>
Learn more about the $39 million building addition and renovation project>>
Printable PDF Parking and Access Map
We are pleased to welcome Lake Shore Savings back as our season sponsor. Learn more about Lake Shore Savings at www.lakeshoresavings.com.
Thank you for all your support during the 2015-16 performing arts season
Another successful season at Rockefeller Arts Center came to a conclusion on Friday, May 13 with the traditional Commencement Eve Pops concert. This year's offering was Meredith Willson's six-time, Tony Award-winning musical comedy "The Music Man in Concert." We would like to thank everyone who supported our programming through attendance and/or donations to the Friends Annual Fund. Your contributions help make our programming possible.
We are hard at work already preparing for the 2016-17 season. Please check back soon for more details on what we have planned.
Below is a link to some photos from "The Music Man in Concert."
Michael C. Rockefeller Arts Center
State University of New York at Fredonia
Fredonia, NY 14063
(716) 673-3217 phone
(716) 673-3617 fax


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- Anonyme
- Angleterre, Femme, 25-30
- Nomade novice
- 8 Avis
I wouldn't get your hopes up about the rooftop bar, the views aren't all that great. The food however was great. Very close to the ghats but that's all it's close to. The bed sheets were absolutely filthy. Holes and stains. The toilet looked like it has never been cleaned. However staff were friendly and helpful.
- Anonyme
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- 11 Avis
Very good place near the Ganga River and ghats. Perfect roof top restaurant with tasty food and reasonable prices is like oasis in Varanasi. Sometimes too comunicative owner. But he can help you arrange boat trips and transfer whereever you want.
- Anonyme
- Slovénie, Femme, 31-40
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The owner and his son were very friendly, and would help you with anything, specially if you ordrr a pick up rikshaw from train station or elswhere. The place is in the location where rikshaws do not drive, so you have to find your stay in a maze of the tiny streets, but if you order their rikshaw pick up the driver can walk you to the place, which is very convenient ;) The room was ok, no window, no hot shower, but was ok for the money. Location is perfect, just 30seconds walk to the Ganga ;)
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Once Leery of Each Other, My Two Cats Are Inseparable Now
Ghost Cat and Specter co-nap, wreck stuff as a team, and form a united front claiming dog beds.
The Kobi Fund Helps Cats with Vaccine Associated Sarcomas
Named for a cat who lost a leg to this cancer that develops at injection sites, the group has raised $30,000 for 32 applicants over the years.
Booger the Feral Rescue Cat Gets His Sight Back via Surgery
The woman who rescued him raised money for the procedure. "He's a new cat!" she says.
I Will Never Stop Hugging My Cat
My own scientific study shows half of domestic cats love to be hugged, so I'll hug accordingly.
A Kitten With a Deformed Leg Walks Bravely Into New Home
Spartan was adopted after warming up to his foster mom and making friends with her dog.
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Here are 5 ways we know to make this tough but adorable calico-colored smoosh-face love you.
Cats and Their Obsessions: The Window Seat
Dignified or not, alone or in pairs, high or low, these photos show cats love to gaze outside.
Kung Fu Cats Rise to Power via Pictures on Instagram
We get feisty (and funny) with these martial arts felines showcasing their skills on social media.
If I Had Followed One Vet's Advice, My Cat Would Be Dead
David had a tail-pull injury, and I was told to put him down because he wouldn't recover. He did.


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- Season:
- How I Met Your Mother Season 6
- Episode Number:
- 18


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Mar 8, 2008
shades Profile
Forums Owned
Recent Posts
Obama critics aren't being fair
there is no central group that owns hate, cuz its all over the place. Open you eyes and see. Maybe you should try a mirror? (Mar 30, 2009 | post #543)
Obama critics aren't being fair
OOOOH church slave, you just gonna take that? (Mar 30, 2009 | post #542)
Lakers star Bryant: We'll be fine in playoffs -- home or ...
H8 to bust your bubble, but there's no 'D' in team, either. (Mar 30, 2009 | post #18)
CNN in third place in prime time for first time
ha You're good, i'll give you that. But how can Fox be the cure, if the infection keeps mutating? (Mar 30, 2009 | post #188)
juh (Mar 30, 2009 | post #33807)
Michael Vick leaves federal prison in Kansas
gosh damn, your supposed to forgive not condemn. (Mar 30, 2009 | post #149)
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not yet my brutha (Mar 30, 2009 | post #33803)
Should we or Should We Not close the Mexican-American Bor...
Tell me what you think. (Mar 30, 2009 | post #1)
More Americans say they have no religion
Ouch... Truthfully, I try to love everyone just the same, but as you know that is not always as easy as it seems. Now, about how long i've been here, I've always been accused of being immature by people that don't know me. Not making this personal, but age has absolutely nothing to do with it, in the church. And by the way, love is everything. W/o it, we wouldnt've existed. 'Because god is love, he needed something other than himself to love.' (Mar 30, 2009 | post #2351)
Port Arthur's Bun B talks about final recording with Pimp C
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The Audacity of Hope
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Jesus God Holy Spirit
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Blog / Website / Homepage:
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god and everthing human
Copyright © 2016 Topix LLC


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- Miss Florida 2017 stripped of crown days after win - US Weekly
- Lindsay Lohan steps out amid relationship drama - TMZ
- Was Taylor Swift snubbed by the VMAs? - Gossip Cop
- Rachel Platten sings "Fight Song" with lots of stars - Just Jared Jr
- Farrah Abraham sizzles in a revealing bikini - Radar
- New pics from the Clooneys' Italian summer - Lainey Gossip
- Fox News snubs major DNC moment - The Hollywood Reporter
25 September 2013 at 7:18 PM
Ellen Pompeo: My Emmy Quotes Were Off the Record!
About this photo set: Ellen Pompeo and her husband Chris Ivery leave their hotel with their daughter Stella, 4, on Tuesday (September 24) in New York City. The 43-year-old Grey's… Read More Here
Photo #: 2959705
Posted to Celebrity Babies, Chris Ivery, Ellen Pompeo, Stella Ivery
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All video shot by chris crews.
Footage includes some of the following: Sunrise over Washington, security checkpoints, march from Malcolm X park towards capitol, Abu Ghraib street theatre, marcher interviews, signs and banners, DC anti-war network marchers, bystanders waving at marchers, helicopter over marchers, general marching.
This was originally 60 min. and I cut it down to this length. Video is still fairly raw, but I hope it gives a good sense of being on the street. Any yes, the title screen accidentally reads Inaguration instead of Inauguration.


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I have them taking the mold out however I feel its unsafe for me. Am i legally able to move out without breaking my rental contract?
The mold was caused by water.
Contracts / Agreements Lawyer
They should be providing you a proper home, consistent with the warranty of habitability. In this case a strong case can be made, I believe, for your Land Lord to pay for your stay at a hotel while the mold is being cleaned. If you wish to terminate the Lease agreement, that is another matter. It would likely have to be shown to still be unsafe to live there or that they did an inadequate job of cleaning the existing mold. It would also be helpful to find out how the mold got there in the first place.
Landlord / Tenant Lawyer
Dear tenant,
Every rental agreement, written or oral, contains an implied promise that the residence will be "habitable." "Habitable" doesn't mean "possible to live in," it means that the dwelling is basically safe and complies with health and safety standards. If your apartment is moldy (I'm not just talking about a little mildew in the shower here), then it is likely not waterproof--either there is a leak in the roof or in the plumbing that has not been fixed. Your landlord should find the source of the water and make the repair. If your landlord will not do so, then you are justified in moving out because your landlord will be in breach of the implied promise.
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- or -
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Hotels in Aveyron (department) with a Gym
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16 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"This has to be the best hotel Ive stayed at for some time. Service was excellent the room was clean, spacious & tidy with all you should need in appliances (except may be a safe) perfect location for the millau. close to local restaurants and shops. Hotel owners from NYC could learn a lot! If you..."
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15 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
14 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
11 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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"we found the hotel very easily as its right next to the main road on the way into Millau, but we didn't have any road noise in our rooms, we were the only guests at the hotel which was a bit strange, the owner was busy renovation the Grill Bar so that wasn't available, so we had to walk into town..."
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5 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
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- Millau Viaduct
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Patient Comments: Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) - Diagnosis
How was your mitral valve prolapse (MVP) diagnosed?
Comment from: dhey0225, 25-34 Female (Patient) Published: August 13
Ever since I was still in high school, I already experienced chest pains and palpitations. Due to fear, I did not go to the doctor for consultation. Until one night, while having shower, I suddenly experienced chest pain that was not relieved by rest. Immediately after I report for work, I asked a colleague to do an ECG for me. I'm a nurse, by the way. My ECG showed early ventricular repolarization. I got scared this time so I consulted with a cardiologist. He ordered a series of lab tests and an echocardiogram. The echocardiogram revealed that I have anterior mitral valve prolapse. I took propranolol two times a day for 1 month for my chest pain and palpitation as prescribed by my doctor. I was also advised to engage myself in sports and to avoid any forms of stimulants. I was 23 when I was diagnosed with it. Now, I am 26 but still living a normal life just like others!
Comment from: katy 57, 55-64 Female (Patient) Published: December 08
Comment from: mritechn, 55-64 Female (Patient) Published: November 17
I was diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) today. I have been having chest pain, shortness of breath, and anxiety attacks. My physician put me on blood pressure medications and put in me contact with an awesome cardiologist. My cardiologist immediately ordered a stress test, ultrasound and echocardiogram, all in the same day. She shared with me her findings and showed me there was a very, very small leakage. She stated I have had this all my life and it's congenital, thank goodness thanks all it is. She stated I can continue with exercise and watch my diet a little closer. Now I am on a low dose of anxiety medication when I need it.
Comment from: RXTech1, 25-34 Female (Patient) Published: June 28
I was diagnosed at 20 with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) with mild mitral regurgitation, by a cardiologist performing an ECG and an Echo. Symptoms included palpitations and tremors. I recently noticed an increase in symptoms such as chest pains, orthostatic hypotension, marked palpitations (heart pounds randomly without exertion), fatigue, and shortness of breath when walking up stairs. I had an ECG and Echo and both came back normal. ECHO only shows trace mitral and tricuspid regurgitation.
Comment from: Sgeorge, 35-44 Female (Patient) Published: June 06
I am 42 and was diagnoised with MVP three years ago. Mine condition is not severe and may have gone undetected except that I went to the doctor after feeling an occasional flutter in my chest. To my it felt like butterflies and I would also get light-headed. MY PCP examined me and noticed a murmur. I was sent to the cardiologist for an ultrasound and a 24-hour Holter monitor which confirmed the MVP diagnosis.
Comment from: AmandaEmily, 25-34 Female (Patient) Published: July 19
I was diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse when I was 8 years old. I would get stabbing chest pains and had an irregular heartbeat. I remember having an ultrasound of my heart and that confirmed the MVP. When I was born 3 months premature in 1985 I had open heart surgery to close a valve that did not do so on its own, the scar is now clear under my left shoulder blade I as have gown ALOT since birth. I still follow the diet that excludes caffeine and stimulants. Always pre medicated for dental visits (all though in the past few years they tell me that the standards have changed and I no longer need to take the antibiotics) I still get stabbing chest pain occasionally and/or anxiety, usually brought on by stress or a lot of physical activity. Fatigue had been a big problem for me since I have been a child. I am the only one in my family to have MVP. I have learned to live with it.
Patient Comments
Viewers share their comments
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) - Symptoms Question: For mitral valve prolapse (MVP), what were the symptoms and signs you experienced?
Mitral Valve Prolapse - Treatment Question: What was the treatment for your mitral valve prolapse (MVP)?
Patient Comments are not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your physician or other qualified health provider because of something you have read on MedicineNet. The opinions expressed in the comments section are of the author and the author alone. MedicineNet does not endorse any specific product, service or treatment.
If you think you have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately.
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I am trying to add a return link on a email . What I want it to do is change the subject line and include the original email that was sent .
I would like to put the link in the signature line so it send with every email I send
I have tried all combinations and cannot get it to work
THXS for the help


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This star rating is the opinion of the property owner only. A Self-Rated hotel has not been assessed by the AA or Visit Britain, whose official star ratings we use across LateRooms.com.
Huntsman of Brockenhurst (Formerly Rose & Crown) by Marstons Inns3 Self rated
Price FromView Rooms
- Very Good
- 22 guest reviews
"Fantastic from beginning to end. The accommodations were wonderful, the staff were friendly and helpful, and the food was excellent! Looking..."
"We stayed for a couple of nights at the end of April and thoroughly enjoyed it. The hotel is spotlessly clean and the room we had (The Grous..."
"Rooms are very modern and comfortable. Good English breakfast with a good choice. Meal in the pub was very nice, very busy. In a good positi..."
"Weekend break for my husbands birthday, lovely hotel, made to feel very welcome, nothing was too much trouble for the staff. Food and servic..."
"We wanted a weekend away from London in the New Forest, and the Huntsman was ideal. It's a short walk from Brockenhurst Station, and a simil..."
About the hotel
The Huntsman is a superb example of a traditional forest inn, set in a pretty cottage garden. Dating back to the 13th century the welcome it offers visitors to the New Forest is as warm now as it has been through the centuries. Accommodation consists of 14 contemporary en-suite bedrooms, some of which are delightfully located in a converted stable block.
All rooms have free WiFi and flatscreen digital TVs and are decorated to a high standard. The pub has an attractive and extensive garden area that allows al fresco dining it its truest sense. The food served is renowned for its quality, whether it's a carvery, a traditional meal or a bar snack. All meals can be complemented with a selection of cask ales and excellent wines.
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Facilities Show/hide
- Family friendly
- Cots available , Interconnecting rooms available
- Parking (charges may apply)
- Car parking available onsite
- Business
- Wi-Fi Available , Meeting Facilities , In-room Broadband , Wi-Fi Available In Public Areas , Wi-Fi Available In Rooms
- Dining
- Restaurant , Lounge Menu , Bar
- In room entertainment
- TV , Radio
- Other
- Ground floor bedrooms
Useful Info Show/hide
- From 14:00 hours
- Until 10:00 hours
- The price shown is based on the occupancy and dates you have searched for. Prices and availability are subject to change based on the arrival date, number of nights and occupancy searched for. All prices are inclusive of all local taxes.
- Pets are not allowed
Customer Reviews
Our reviews are from genuine LateRooms.com customers. We verify that the customer has stayed before leaving a review.
Very Good
82% would recommend it to a friend
Customer service
Food quality
Room quality
Fantastic from beginning to end.
The accommodations were wonderful, the staff were friendly and helpful, and the food was excellent. Looking forward to another visit.
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Very enjoyable stay at The Huntsman
We stayed for a couple of nights at the end of April and thoroughly enjoyed it.
The hotel is spotlessly clean and the room we had (The Grouse) was lovely. Bath robes were provided and a very impressive coffee maker, some very nice chocolates also which I thought was a nice touch. Check in was very efficient and there is free Wifi. The character of the Hotel has been kept after the refurb and the welcoming log fires were much appreciated. It is also a great base for walking in the New Forest. We ate one night in the restaurant and really enjoyed our meal and the service was first class. I would definitely recommend this Hotel and look forward to a return visit.
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State continues efforts to restore muskie population
HIGHGATE The Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife is continuing efforts to restore muskellunge to the northern reaches of Lake Champlain and nearby tributaries, the last location in the state that supported a naturally reproducing native population of the species known as a top predator among fish.
The department recently stocked 7,580 of the fish, known as muskies, in the area, including in the Missisquoi River above the Swanton Dam to the Highgate Falls Dam.
The native muskie population disappeared in the late 1970s following a chemical spill.
Since 2008 Vermont has stocked 30,000 muskies in the area. Lake Champlain is the only lake in New England that once held native populations of muskies.
Muskies are the top predator in aquatic ecosystems and can create some real excitement for anglers, said Vermont Fish and Wildlife Commissioner Patrick Berry.
The six-inch fish stocked in the river were donated by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, which also stocks muskies in New Yorks Great Chazy River.
In recent years Vermont has done genetic testing on muskies caught in the Missisquoi Bay and river to determine if they were native or if they were stocked muskies or their descendants. The tests determined they were muskie stocked in the Great Chazy River that had found their way to the Missisquoi Bay area.MORE IN Vermont NewsCLEVELAND In an appeal to anxious voters, Donald Trump pledged Thursday night that safety will... Full StoryAdministration officials are saying little about the resignation of the man responsible for... Full StoryMONTPELIER Economists for the Shumlin administration and Legislature issued a revised state... Full Story
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Hotel de Londres, Menton
- Free WiFi
Main amenities
- 24 guestrooms
- Breakfast available
- Bar/lounge
- Self parking
- Terrace
- Garden
- Tour/ticket assistance
What's around
- Heart of Menton
- Palais Carnoles (0.6 mi / 0.9 km)
- Jean Cocteau Museum (0.7 mi / 1.2 km)
- Chapel of the Penitents-Blancs (0.8 mi / 1.2 km)
- Church of St Michel (0.8 mi / 1.3 km)
- Fontana Rosa (1.6 mi / 2.7 km)
For families
- Private bathroom
- Garden
- Terrace
- Hair dryer
- Flat-panel TV
- Satellite TV service
Hotel de Londres, Menton
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117
- Comfort Double Room
- Comfort Double Room, Garden View
- Comfort Triple Room, Garden View
- Junior Suite, Garden View
- Comfort Triple Room
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 24 rooms
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Pets allowed (dogs only) *
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Self parking *
Nearby Three Star Menton hotels
In the hotel
- Buffet breakfast daily (surcharge)
- Bar/lounge
- Billiards or pool table
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Garden
- Terrace
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
- Roll-in shower
In the room
- Soundproofed rooms
- Private bathroom
- Hair dryer
- Flat-screen TV
- Satellite TV channels
- Free WiFi
- In-room safe
Top Menton hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Menton
- Park Inn by Radisson Nice Airport HotelFrom
"We stayed twice before at this hotel because it's convenient to the airport and you can have a nice breakfast buffet and/or dinner at the pool. Also, nuce staff. The only problem…"Jun 17, 2016
- Villa RivoliFrom
"We had a very nice three day stay at this hotel, despite the fact that the airline lost my luggage for a week and we had to keep calling them to see if there was any news. But…"Jun 16, 2016
- ParisienFrom
"The staff was friendly and the room was ok. Location very convenient. "Jun 15, 2016
- Hôtel RégenceFrom
"Little hotel with great location."Jun 14, 2016
Nearby hotels
Hotel de Londres, Menton's small print
Also known as
- de Londres
- de Londres Menton
- Hotel de Londres
- Hotel de Londres Menton
- De Londres Hotel
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check in or check out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 0.90 per person, per night
Optional extras
Self parking costs EUR 9 per day
Buffet breakfast is offered for an extra charge of EUR 10 per person (approximately)
Pets are allowed for an extra charge of EUR 8
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


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DALLAS -- There's been nothing leaked about a player summit involving Dirk Nowitzki. No known extravagant dinners in his honor overlooking grand views and furnished by NBA teams. No published list of teams waiting to woo him in their fair cities.
No word of teams flying to Nowitzki's doorstep at 11:01 p.m. CT Wednesday when free agency officially begins.
Well, there is one.
"I've got a reservation," Dallas Mavericks vice president of basketball operations Donnie Nelson said Tuesday.
Nelson could be on his way to Germany on Wednesday, although he said he might not go because, as strange as it sounds, he's not sure Nowitzki will even be there. Nowitzki might be stateside. Still, Nelson said, Nowitzki's coach, mentor and representative in contract matters, Holger Geschwindner, is expected to be in Germany.
But why, when everyone in the free world expects Nowitzki back in Dallas with a new four-year deal, is hustling Nelson overseas even a consideration for owner Mark Cuban?
"Our deal is we've got to be ready for anything. We're in this reactionary position at this point," Nelson said. "The honest answer is we're hopeful and optimistic that what we think is going to happen is going to come to fruition. But, we don't know."
The Mavs, burned once by a casual approach to Steve Nash's free agency, are taking no chances with the franchise's all-time leading scorer and only league MVP. They know any shred of hope of landing LeBron James or Dwyane Wade -- or Joe Johnson, for that matter -- wholly depends on the loyal Nowitzki re-signing with the only NBA team he's ever known.
"That's why this is our No. 1 priority," Nelson said. "If, for whatever reason, this becomes a swing and a miss, then we have to rethink everything."
According to what sources told ESPN.com's Marc Stein, Nowitzki on Tuesday officially notified the Mavs that he will opt out of the final year of his contract, leaving $21.5 million on the table to become an unrestricted free agent for the first time in his career.
While walking away from such a sum would seem ludicrous to most or suggest Nowitzki is fed up in Dallas, in the NBA, it's a wise business decision. A new deal affords Nowitzki an extra contract season and more money through the life of the deal, a potential no-trade clause and protection from a possible salary rollback in a new collective bargaining agreement after the current one expires following next season.
A swing and a miss would be devastating to Cuban and the franchise. While no one in basketball expects it, give the Mavs credit for not taking it for granted.
"We don't know what's going to happen," Nelson said. "We have an idea of some of the things that we think will happen, but we're like most everybody else out there. After a certain domino falls, it's not necessarily a given that things will happen the way that we hope they will."
Nowitzki will have options. Those same teams that have painstakingly shed salary to make room for James, Wade and Chris Bosh should be knocking on Nowitzki's door, too. Miami, Chicago, New York and New Jersey can't all live the dream. Nowitzki should be on each team's wine-and-dine list.
Nowitzki certainly can provide the Mavs a verbal agreement early in free agency, but contracts cannot be signed until July 8, enough time to gauge Dallas' pursuits. If Nowitzki isn't impressed, he is free, as he surprisingly stated after Game 6 of another disappointing playoff loss, to explore his options.
"We've heard there's obvious interest [in Nowitzki]," Nelson said. "What's being planned and plotted, I really don't know."
The Mavs have almost nothing to worry about. But, it's good they're acting as though they do.
Jeff Caplan covers the Mavericks for ESPNDallas.com. You can follow him on Twitter or leave a question for his weekly mailbag.


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Let $V$ be a vector space with basis $e_1, \ldots, e_n$ and $V^*$ be its dual space with dual basis $e_1^*, \ldots, e_n^*$. Let $k$ be an integer between $1$ and $n$. Why $\wedge^{n-k}V=\wedge^{k}V^*$? Thank you very much.
This is slightly false. The two are isomorphic, but not canonically so. There is a natural pairing $\Lambda^{n-k} V \times \Lambda^k V \to \Lambda^n V$ given by exterior product, but this pairing does not identify $\Lambda^{n-k} V$ with $(\Lambda^k V)^{\ast}$ until you pick an isomorphism $\Lambda^n V \simeq k$; this implies a choice of orientation, but is slightly stronger; one might say it implies a choice of "volume form." But it does not imply a choice of inner product.
The (canonical) isomorphism between $(\Lambda^k V)^{\ast}$ and $\Lambda^k V^{\ast}$ comes from the way duals commute with tensor products. It should look pretty straightforward with a specific basis.


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Tablecraft Overall Customer Rating:
As a leading manufacturer and direct importer servicing the food service industry, Tablecraft is focused on exceeding the highest standards of commercial quality while staying on track with today's trends. From beautiful and multi-functional buffet service collections to classic and contemporary tabletop products, Tablecraft delivers creative design, elevated style, and one-of-a-kind product versatility to the food service industry. Read more
With over 3,000 Tablecraft products in our inventory, you are sure to find exactly what you're looking for at WebstaurantStore. Choose from buffet service items like decorative dishes and servers, beverage supplies such as dispensers and beverage tubs, and even restaurant and business signage for your commercial use. You'll also find items such as Asian woks, cereal dispensers, condiment dispensers and pumps, and cocktail shakers in supply from Tablecraft.
Give your buffet or catered event an elegant, upscale look by serving featured drinks in Tablecraft premium beverage, non-insulated dispensers!
Available in a wide range of colors, sizes, and shapes, Tablecraft melamine bowls offer an extremely durable option for serving and displaying your menu items!
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Skip to Main Content
Modem biological research is data intensive and relies on an efficient informatics infrastructure. Research on the genetic control of embryo development involves large volume image data requiring significant computing resources for reconstruction, mapping and analysis. This poster describes a demonstrator for delivering secure and transparent access to high-performance computing to the laboratory workbench using Grid technologies, in this case for 3D reconstruction from OPT microscopy.
A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.© Copyright 2016 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.


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SADC Legal Texts and Policy Documents
The Southern African Development Community (SADC) has been in existence since 1980, when it was formed as a loose alliance of nine majority-ruled states in Southern Africa known as the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), with the main aim of coordinating development projects in order to lessen economic dependence on the then apartheid South Africa. SADC's legal status is that of an international organisation which has the legal capacity and power to "enter into contract, acquire, own, dispose of movable or immovable property and to sue and be sued" (Art. 3(1) of the SADC Treaty). As an international organisation it has conventional organs such as the Summit of Heads of State or Government, the Organ on Politics, Defense and Security Cooperation, the Council of Ministers, the Integrated Committee of Ministers, the Standing Committee of Officials, the Secretariat, the Tribunal, and SADC National Committees. The main policy making organ is the Summit of Heads of State or Government. The policies are implemented through decisions adopted by the Council of Ministers. For more information go to the SADC website.
Member states
SADC has 15 member states that include Angola, Botswana, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Lesotho, Madagascar (that was suspended in March 2009 after a coup d'état), Malawi, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
SADC Treaty
The Treaty is the constitutive document establishing SADC and the framework from which all subsequent instruments are derived. All the Protocols, Memoranda of Understanding, Charters and Declarations are subordinate to the Treaty, and derive their legitimacy from the Treaty.
- Declaration and Treaty of SADC (PDF, 1.4 MB)
- Consolidated Text of the Treaty of the Southern African Development Community, as Amended (PDF, 61 KB)
- Agreement on amending Art 22 of the treaty (PDF, 88 KB)
SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP)
Politically, SADC adheres to an agenda that extends well beyond the target of achieving a free-trade area that was agreed upon by the member states in the SADC Trade Protocol. These ambitious targets are set out in the Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan of 2003. Although it is not a legally binding agreement, it enjoys political legitimacy. This strategic plan plots an integration agenda that includes the target of a free-trade area by 2008, a customs union by 2010, a common market by 2015 and an economic union by 2018.
- SADC RISDP summary (PDF, 175 KB)
- Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan Desk Assessment, 2011 (PDF, 4.78 MB)
SADC Industrialisation Strategy and Roadmap
The SADC Industrialization Strategy and Roadmap, 2015-2063, was approved by the Extra-Ordinary Summit in Harare, Zimbabwe, on 29 April 2015. The Strategy is premised on the conviction that regional integration will promote industrialization. It seeks to engender a major economic and technological transformation at the national and regional levels within the context of deeper regional integration. It also aims at accelerating the growth momentum and enhancing the comparative and competitive advantage of the economies of the region. It is envisioned that by 2063, the SADC region will be fully transformed and will be an important player in the continental and global landscape, premised on three growth phases.
- SADC Industrialisation Strategy and Roadmap, 2015-2063 (PDF, 2.58 MB)
SADC Protocol on Trade (including Annexes)
This protocol is arguably the most important legal instrument of SADC. It aims to enhance cross-border investment by liberalising intra-regional trade. The objective is the implementation of a SADC FTA; therefore the Protocol contains all the obligations member states need to observe in order for the regional arrangement to be compatible with WTO rules. SADC amended the Protocol in 2000, 2007, and 2008, clarifying aspects of Rules of Origin and safeguard measures and incorporating new annexes on settlement of disputes and trade in sugar.
- Protocol on Trade, 1996 (PDF, 2.68 MB)
- Amendment Protocol on Trade, 2000 (PDF, 13 KB)
- Consolidated Protocol on Trade (PDF, 1.23 MB)
- Annexes I to V (PDF, 102 KB)
- Annex VI concerning the Settlement of Disputes (PDF, 30 KB)
- Annex VII concerning Trade in Sugar (PDF, 25 KB)
- Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Annex VIII (approved 17 July 2014) (PDF, 269 KB)
- Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Annex IX (approved 17 July 2014) (PDF, 477 KB)
- Protocol on Trade in Services (signed 2012) (PDF, 1.39 MB)
Other Protocols
Protocols are legal instruments necessary for cooperation between member states and the implementation of the SADC Treaty. They contain sets of guidelines and recommendations aimed at realising specific objectives of SADC.
- Protocol on Finance and Investment (PDF, 347 KB)
Annex 12 (Anti-Money Laundering) (PDF, 2.02 MB)
- Protocol against Corruption (PDF, 32 KB)
- Protocol on Culture Information and Sport (PDF, 45 KB)
- Protocol on Control of Firearms, Ammunition and other related materials (PDF, 33 KB)
- Protocol on Combatting Illicit Drugs (PDF, 27 KB)
- Protocol on Education and Training (PDF, 69 KB)
- Protocol on Employment and Labour (PDF, 584 KB)
- Protocol on Energy (PDF, 49 KB)
- Protocol on Environmental Management for Sustainable Development (PDF, 668 KB)
- Protocol on Extradition (PDF, 33 KB)
- Draft Protocol on the Facilitation of Movement of Persons (PDF, 33 KB)
- Protocol on Fisheries (PDF, 53 KB)
- Protocol on Forestry (PDF, 46 KB)
- Protocol on Gender and Development (PDF, 1003 KB)
- Protocol on Health (PDF, 41 KB)
- Protocol on Immunities and Privileges (PDF, 25 KB)
- Protocol on Legal Affairs (PDF, 22 KB)
- Protocol on Mining (PDF, 30 KB)
- Protocol on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters (PDF, 32 KB)
- Protocol on Politics, Defence and Security Cooperation (PDF, 29 KB)
- Protocol on Shared Watercourses (PDF, 42 KB)
- Protocol on Tourism (PDF, 32 KB)
- Protocol on Transport, Communications and Meteorology (PDF, 184 KB)
- Protocol on the Tribunal, 2014 (PDF, 453 KB)
- Protocol on Wildlife Conservation and Law Enforcement (PDF, 35 KB)
Regional Infrastructure Development Masterplan
Signed at the SADC Summit in August 2012, the Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plan (RIDMP) guides development in key infrastructure such as road, rail and ports, and also acts as a framework for planning and cooperation with development partners and the private sector. The master plan is in line with the African Union's Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA) and will constitute a key input into the Inter-Regional Infrastructure Master Plan and proposed tripartite Free Trade Area of SADC, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) and the East African Community (EAC).
- Regional Infrastructure Development Master Plan: Executive Summary (PDF, 4 MB)
- RIDMP Transport Sector Plan (PDF, 10.21 MB)
- RIDMP Energy Sector Plan (PDF, 2.75 MB)
- RIDMP ICT Sector Plan (PDF, 4.4 MB)
- RIDMP Meteorology Sector Plan (PDF, 1.6 MB)
- RIDMP Tourism Sector Plan (PDF, 2.45 MB)
- RIDMP Water Sector Plan (PDF, 3.57 MB)
SADC Declarations
Declarations are manifestos dealing with a more specific subject than a protocol. It sets out the intention and commitment of the member states to improve certain areas of cooperation.
- Dar es Salaam Declaration on Agriculture and Food Security in the SADC Region (PDF, 21 KB)
- Declaration on Gender and Development (PDF, 13 KB)
- Declaration on HIV/AIDS (PDF, 21 KB)
- Declaration on Information and Communications Technology (ICT) (PDF, 15 KB)
- Declaration on Productivity (PDF, 14 KB)
- SADC Declaration on Regional Cooperation Competition Policy (PDF, 3 MB)
- Declaration on Poverty Eradication and Sustainable Development (PDF, 215 KB)
- SADC Declaration on Regional Infrastructure Development, 2014 (PDF, 211 KB)
SADC Memoranda of Understanding
These are preliminary legal documents describing an agreement between parties which will eventually lead to a protocol.
- Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Field of Competition Policy, Law and Enforcement, 2016 (PDF, 210 KB)
- Memorandum of Understanding on Macroeconomic Convergence (PDF, 19 KB)
- Memorandum of Understanding on Standardisation, Quality Assurance, Accreditation and Metrology (PDF, 46 KB)
- Signed MoU on Cooperation in SQAM (PDF, 3.49 MB)
- Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in Taxation and Related Matters (PDF, 27 KB)
- Memorandum of Understanding on the SADC Standby Brigade (PDF, 329 KB)
- Memorandum of Understanding on the new Headquarters of SADC (PDF, 341 KB)
Regional Codes, Policies and Strategies
- SADC Industrial Development Policy Framework, 2014 (PDF, 412 KB)
- SADC Procurement Policy, 2014 (PDF, 482 KB)
- SADC Regional Agricultural Policy, 2013 (PDF, 207 KB)
- SADC Customs Information Communication Technology (ICT) Strategy, 2013 (PDF, 540 KB)
- Private Sector Involvement Strategy in Customs Matters, 2013 (PDF, 412 KB)
- SADC Policy for Strategy Development, Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation, 2012 (PDF, 973 KB)
SADC Model Bilateral Investment Treaty Template with Commentary, 2012 (PDF, 779 KB)
SADC Charters
Charters usually incorporate an institution or collective by specifying its principles, rights, privileges and responsibilities.
- Charter Establishing the Centre for Coordination of Agricultural Research and Development (CCARDESA), 2010 (PDF, 2.95 MB)
- Charter of Fundamental Social Rights in SADC, 2003 (PDF, 471 KB)
- Charter of the Regional Tourism Organisation of Southern Africa (RETOSA), 1997 (PDF, 43 KB)
2014 SADC Summit – tralac submissions
Supporting the full participation of the 'people of the region and their institutions' in the process of regional integration, tralac prepared two contributions to the preparatory process and to the deliberations at the 34th SADC Summit held in August 2014 in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, under the theme "SADC Strategy for Economic Transformation: Leveraging the Region's Diverse Resources for Sustainable Economic and Social Development through Value Addition and Beneficiation":
- Trade issues in the Review of the SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (PDF, 261 KB)
- The Settlement of Disputes in the SADC Free Trade Area (PDF, 235 KB)
SADC Success Stories
The 'SADC Success Stories' publication was launched on the sidelines of the 35th Summit of SADC Heads of State and Government in Gaborone, Botswana. The publication presents some of the notable achievements of regional integration in various sectors such as trade, transport, finance, tourism, energy, disaster management, water resources, peacekeeping training and political cooperation.
- SADC Success Stories | Volume 1, 2015 (PDF, 1.5 MB)
Country Tariff Phase-down Offers
This is the process by which tariffs are gradually reduced in order to achieve a certain threshold to liberalise substantially all trade in the region. Tariff phase-down offers are based on a variable geometry model, taking into account the asymmetrical level of development in member states.
- Final Differentiated offer of Mozambique to the SADC member states (excluding RSA) (PDF, 371 KB)
- Final General Offer of Mozambique to RSA (PDF, 345 KB)
- Final SACU Offer to the SADC members states (PDF, 811 KB)
- Preliminary Differentiated offer of Malawi to the SADC member states (excluding RSA) (PDF, 388 KB)
- Preliminary General offer of Malawi to RSA (PDF, 374 KB)
- Preliminary Differentiated offer of Tanzania to the SADC member states (excluding RSA) (PDF, 382 KB)
- Preliminary General offer of Tanzania to RSA (PDF, 358 KB)
- Preliminary Differentiated offer of Zimbabwe to the SADC member states (excluding RSA) (PDF, 536 KB)
- Preliminary General Offer of Zimbabwe to RSA (PDF, 465 KB)
Status updates
Updates on the status of SADC Member States' signatures, ratifications and accessions to the SADC Treaty, Protocols and other legal instruments.
- Status of Protocols and Declarations in SADC - August 2012 (PDF, 344 KB)
- SADC Treaty and Protocols, Status of Protocols in Force - August 2010 (PDF, 620 KB)
- Status of Protocols not yet in Force - August 2010 (PDF, 95 KB)
SADC-EU Economic Partnership Agreement
The EU concluded negotiations on an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) on 15 July 2014 with the SADC EPA Group comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland. Angola has an option to join the agreement in future. This ended 10 years of negotiations and produced an Agreement that will replace the interim EPA signed by the EU and by Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique and Swaziland in June 2009. That agreement was never ratified
The other six members of the SADC region – the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Zambia and Zimbabwe – are negotiating Economic Partnership Agreements with the EU as part of other regional groups, namely Central Africa or Eastern and Southern Africa.
On 10 June 2016, the EU and six countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) signed an EPA, the first of its kind between the EU and an African region pursuing the objective of economic integration. The signature took place in Kasane, Botswana. Following the signature, the agreement will now be submitted for approval to the European Parliament, and for ratification in the 28 EU Member States according to national ratification procedures and in the Southern African countries.
- SADC-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (Consolidated text and Annexes), October 2015 (PDF, 5.29 MB)
While tralac endeavours to list current legal instruments, we cannot accept responsibility or liability for any inaccuracies or omissions. The negotiation, ratification, implementation and/or modification of these instruments is an ongoing process and not always well-reported or updated by the relevant authorities. See further tralac's terms and conditions.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 22, 2000
|Filing date
|Jan 25, 1999
|Priority date
|Jan 25, 1999
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Ajith Kuttannair Kumar, Admir Mesalic, Bret Dwayne Worden
|Original Assignee
|General Electric Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Referenced by (34), Classifications (15), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates generally to traction control systems for vehicles and, more particularly, to a method for evaluating the effectiveness of a tractive effort control system in a vehicle such as an ac electric motor propelled locomotive.
In a modern conventional diesel-electric locomotive, a thermal prime mover (typically a 16-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine) is used to drive an electrical transmission comprising a synchronous generator that supplies electric current to a plurality of electric traction motors whose rotors are coupled through speed-reducing gearing to the respective axle-wheel sets of the locomotive. The generator typically comprises a main 3-phase traction alternator, the rotor of which is mechanically coupled to the output shaft of the engine. When excitation current is supplied to field windings on the rotating rotor, alternating voltages are generated in the 3-phase armature windings on the stator of the alternator. These voltages are rectified and applied via a DC link to one or more inverters where the DC voltage is inverted to AC and applied to AC traction motors.
In normal motoring operation, the propulsion system of a diesel-electric locomotive is so controlled as to establish a balanced steady-state condition wherein the engine-driven alternator produces, for each discrete position of a throttle handle, a substantially constant, optimum amount of electrical power for the traction motors. In practice, suitable means are provided for overriding normal operation of the propulsion controls and reducing engine load in response to certain abnormal conditions, such as loss of wheel adhesion or a load exceeding the power capability of the engine at whatever engine speed the throttle is commanding.
One factor affecting traction performance is the creep level of the locomotive's traction control subsystem. Accordingly, in order to maximize traction performance, it is desirable to separately control the allowable creep level of each individual axle.
Another factor affecting traction performance is the level of torsional resonant vibration in the mechanical drive train, which comprises a locomotive axle and its associated two wheels, the motor to axle gearbox, the induction motor, and the induction motor drive. In particular, during operation in certain regions of the adhesion characteristic curve, the mechanical drive train may experience a net negative damping which produces severe vibration levels at the system's natural frequencies. As is well-known, an adhesion characteristic curve graphically represents coefficient of friction versus percentage creep. At 0% creep, maximum damping on the mechanical system is represented. As the creep level increases in the portion of the characteristic curve to the left of its peak, the damping effect on the mechanical system decreases to a value of zero at the peak. For values of creep to the right of the peak, the damping provided to the mechanical system becomes a larger negative number.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,841,254 discloses one form of tractive effort maximizing and vibration control system for ac electric motor propelled locomotives. In general, such a traction control system for an ac locomotive optimizes traction performance by separately controlling the allowable creep level of each individual axle and by minimizing torsional vibration per axle. The traction control system comprises a torque maximizer and a torsional vibration detector. The torque maximizer measures traction system performance levels and determines the desired torque maximizer state for maximizing traction performance of each individual axle. The torsional vibration detector digitally processes estimated torque feedback of each traction motor in order to detect an unacceptable level of torsional vibration. The outputs of the torque maximizer and the torsional vibration detector are provided to a creep modulator which processes these inputs in order to control the operating creep level of each locomotive axle. As a result, traction performance is improved while minimizing torsional vibration and operating noise levels due to wheel/rail squeal. Note also that the control system may be used in other ac induction motor propelled vehicles such as, for example, off-highway, earth-moving vehicles and transit cars.
The development of traction control systems is a continuous process with various forms of control systems being developed. One problem with the developed systems is determining whether such new systems function as well as or better than other systems. In a typical test environment, the general practice is to operate the vehicle on a test track using a standard system, remove the standard system, install the new system and repeat the operation. During each operation, the level of tractive effort produced is measured. What such a process fails to accommodate are changing track conditions between tests of the standard and new system. For example, in ideal weather, wheel adhesion on a rail track will improve as the track is used. However, any variation in weather can affect track conditions. Such variations can include snow or rain. Further, if tests are run days apart, corrosion on the track will affect adhesion. Such changes in track adhesion characteristics can easily bias measurements of control system effectiveness. Accordingly, it would be desirable to minimize the effects of changing track conditions during control system evaluation.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a tractive effort maximizing control system is attained in a multi-axle traction vehicle in one form by operating one of the axles of the traction vehicle with the control system to be evaluated and operating another of the axles of the traction vehicle with a continuously varying creep speed. In another form, the invention is implemented by cyclically enabling the tractive effort maximizing control system on one axle and thereafter disabling it while continuously varying the creep speed so as to establish the maximum available tractive effort that can be produced by that axle and comparing the maximum available tractive effort against that level generated by the control system. This method overcomes the prior art limitations by operating at many points throughout the range of creepage and applying the maximum traction that the rail will bear at each creepage level. This allows the user to determine the shape of the friction creep curve for the locomotive and its control system and the associated rail in a single test run. Testing with the system on one axle allows comparison to another axle running a torque optimizing routine with some adjustment for weight transfer and rail cleaning effect. For example, on a six-axle locomotive, axles 1, 3 and 5 can be operated in a manner to determine the maximum available tractive effort while simultaneously running torque optimizing software on axles 2, 4 and 6. This allows immediate real time comparison of the result of the torque optimizing software against the ideal or maximum available tractive effort. If the axles 1, 3 and 5 indicate that 34 to 36 percent adhesion is available, then any production of adhesion less than that percentage by axles 2, 4 and 6 would indicate that the axles are not operating optimally. Further, the method can be used to determine whether a particular axle is operating on the positively sloped portion of the friction creep curve or the negatively sloped portion or at the peak of that curve. While the disabling function of the present method for determining the maximum available traction is not used in normal service since the method would force the creepage level to values that an optimizing algorithm would not otherwise choose, the method is preferably implemented in a software program that is resident in the production software and engageable when the system detects that train stall is eminent. This allows characterization of the friction creep curve in the stalled condition. Such information can be useful for quantifying risks associated with a given dispatch adhesion level. Furthermore, the method permits the definition of extreme conditions which can then lead to future improvements to deal with those particular conditions and to more intelligently dispatch based on probability of stalling. This information could also be used for comparing how effective the control system estimated the desired creep levels for further enhancement and modification of the control system.
In the second embodiment of the invention, the creep set point is varied uniformly from a minimum value to a maximum value and the achieved tractive effort or adhesion is observed. When the maximum tractive effort is determined, the control system which is being evaluated can be turned on for a period of time. The process is then repeated cyclically whereby the control system is evaluated when it is initialized at either end of the creep curve. The achieved adhesion during the actual control system enforcement of creep can be compared to the potential maximum that could have been achieved to give a measure of the effectiveness of the control algorithms and implementations under various rail conditions. In the illustrated example, the test software runs continuously. If the time between the normal and forced creep operations are small, the tests can be repeated many times during a single run of a test track to determine quickly and with statistical confidence the effectiveness of the tractive effort maximizing system.
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference may be had to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of the principal components of a propulsion system for a diesel electric locomotive with which the present invention may be used;
FIG. 2 is a graph of forced creep set point variation as a function of time;
FIG. 3 is a graph of variable creep set point interspersed with creep set point regulation;
FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram of the functional interfaces between the system controller and the motor drive in a system in which the present invention can be used; and
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of the inverter controller of FIG. 4.
The present invention may be utilized in various types of electric motor powered vehicles, such as, for example, off-highway vehicles (earth moving machines), transit cars, and locomotives. For purposes of illustration, the invention is described herein as it may be applied to a locomotive. A propulsion system 10 of FIG. 1 includes a variable speed primer mover 11 mechanically coupled to a rotor of a dynamo electric machine 12 comprising a 3-phase alternating current (AC), synchronous generator or alternator. The 3-phase voltages developed by alternator 12 are applied to AC input terminals of a conventional power rectifier bridge 13. The direct current (DC) output of bridge 13 is coupled via a DC link 14 to a number of controlled inverters 15 and 16 which invert the DC power to AC power at a selectable variable frequency. The inverters 15 and 16 are conventional inverters employing high power gate turn-off devices (GTO's) which switch in and out of conduction in response to gating signals from a system controller 24 so as to invert the DC voltage on DC link 14 to controlled frequency AC voltage. The AC power is electrically coupled in energizing relationship to each of a plurality of adjustable speed AC traction motors 25-28. Prime mover 11, alternator 12, rectifier bridge 13, and inverters 15 and 16 are mounted on a platform of the traction vehicle 10, illustrated as a 4-axle diesel-electric locomotive. The platform is in turn supported on two trucks 20 and 30, the first truck 20 having two axle-wheel sets 21 and 22 and the second truck 30 having two axle-wheel sets 31 and 32.
Each of the traction motors 25-28 is hung on a separate axle and its rotor is mechanically coupled, via conventional gearing, in driving relationship to the associated axle-wheel set. In the illustrative embodiment, the two motors 25 and 26 are electrically coupled in parallel with one another and receive power from inverter 15 while motors 27 and 28 are coupled to inverter 16. However, in some instances, it may be desirable to provide an inverter for each motor or to couple additional motors to a single inverter. The invention is not limited to such 4-axle systems and is equally applicable to 6-axle locomotives with six inverters each connected for powering a respective one of six traction motors each connected to respective ones of the six axles. Suitable current transducers 34 and voltage transducers 36 are used to provide a family of current and voltage feedback signals which are respectively representative of the magnitudes of current and voltage in the motor stators. Speed sensors 38 are used to provide speed signals representative of the rotational speeds W1-W4 in revolutions per minute (RPM) of the motor shafts. These speed signals are readily converted to wheel speed in a well-known manner. For simplicity, only single lines have been indicated for power flow although it will be apparent that motors 25-28 are typically three phase motors so that each power line represents three lines in such applications.
The magnitude of output voltage and current applied to rectifier bridge 13 is determined by the magnitude of excitation current supplied to the field windings of alternator 12 by field controller 37 which may be a conventional phase controlled rectifier circuit since the alternator field requires DC excitation. The excitation current is set in response to an operator demand (throttle 39) for vehicle speed by controller 24 which is in turn responsive to actual speed as represented by signals W1-W4. Controller 24 converts the throttle command to a corresponding torque request for use in controlling motors 25-28. Since AC motor torque is proportional to rotor current and air gap flux, these quantities may be monitored; or, more commonly, other quantities, such as applied voltage, stator current and motor RPM, may be used to reconstruct motor torque in controller 24. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,243,927.
In an electrical braking or retarding mode of operation, inertia of the moving vehicle is converted into electrical energy by utilizing the traction motors as generators. Motor voltage and current are controlled to set a desired braking effort.
FIG. 2 illustrates a creep set point control function using the present invention to adjust creep set point from some minimum value, e.g., zero wheel slip, up to some maximum value, such as for example, sixteen percent wheel slip. The curve of FIG. 2 illustrates a typical operation in a system in which multiple axles are powered and at least one axle is cycled in accordance with the set curve while another axle is controlled by the tractive effort optimizing software and the results compared to the maximum available tractive effort determined by the software that continuously varies the creep set point. FIG. 3 illustrates the situation in which a single powered axle is sequentially cycled between a variable creep set point control and operation under the tractive effort optimizing system. Note that the creep set point at which the tractive effort optimizing software is energized varies from cycle to cycle so that it may be enabled at a maximum creep in one cycle and at minimum creep in a next succeeding cycle.
Turning now to FIG. 4, there is shown a simplified overall block diagram of the primary functional interfaces between a propulsion system controller (PSC) 40, an AC traction motor 42, a power electronics inverter 44 and the inverter controller or wheel slip/wheel slide control system 46. The control system 46 may also be referred to as the adhesion control system. All of the control functions indicated by the blocks 40, 46 are implemented in the controller 24 of FIG. 1. The power electronics inverter 44 may be equivalent to either of the inverters 15 or 16 of FIG. 1 and the AC traction motor 42 may be one of the traction motors 21, 22, 31, or 32. Tachometer 38 provides the speed and direction feedback signals to the control system.
The inverter controller 46 includes a torque maximization control 48 which provides the creep set point to adhesion control 50. Adhesion control 50 is also provided with a reference speed (ground speed) signal from the PSC 40. The signals from the adhesion control 50 are supplied to a field oriented AC motor control which supplies the signals to control the power electronics inverter 44. Block 54 is a motor torque reference block receiving signals from the PSC 40 and supplying a modified torque command to the motor control 52. It will be noted that the torque control 48 also receives a status signal from PSC 40 which determines whether or not the maximization control is to be operated. If the status signal is in one state, the control 48 is disabled and if the status signal is another state, the control 48 is enabled. A more complete description of the operation of the torque maximization control in regulating the operation of the motor control 52 can be had by reference to U.S. Pat. No. 5,841,254.
Turning now to FIG. 5, there is shown a simplified functional block diagram of an adhesion control algorithm implemented in the system of FIG. 4. The PSC controller 40 provides the enable/disable signal to the torque maximizer 48 which provides torque maximizing control to the speed controller block within the adhesion controller 50. PSC 40 also supplies a reference speed equivalent to the ground speed of the vehicle to the speed controller 50. A second signal indicated as RPM is provided to the speed controller and represents the actual feedback speed signal which may be obtained from the tachometer 38. The output of the speed controller is applied as a torque limit signal to a min/max selection circuit 56. A second input to the circuit 56 is the torque command signal from the PSC 40 via a rate of change limit circuit 58. The output of the selection circuit 56 is either the torque command signal or a value of torque command which is limited by the output from the speed controller 50. It will be recognized that when the speed controller limits the output signal from the selection circuit 56, it is essentially limiting the creep speed of the vehicle. More particularly, the speed controller responds to the difference between ground speed and motor speed and since a limit value at the selection circuit 56 which prevents the difference between the reference speed and motor speed from exceeding some predetermined percentage.
In a typical application of the system of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, each axle of a locomotive is individually controlled and the torque generated at each axle can be separately regulated. Accordingly, the functions indicated in FIG. 5 are duplicated for each wheel or wheel axle set of a locomotive. In the present invention, the functions are implemented in software programming in the inverter controller 46. The software can disable the torque maximizer 48 and then merely vary the creep set point signal to the speed controller to cause the creep speed reference applied to the min/max selection circuit 56 to vary between minimum and maximum limits. Further, since each axle is separately controllable, the system can be implemented such that the torque maximizer is utilized in driving one axle and the variable creep speed set point can be changed with regard to another axle. The amount of torque or tractive effort being generated can be easily calculated based on conventional current and voltage measurements at the motor in a manner well known in the art. Alternatively, tractive effort could be directly measured using a load device coupled to and pulled by the locomotive.
What has been disclosed is a method for implementing an evaluation of a torque maximizer circuit such as the circuit 48 without the need for removing a torque maximizer from a system and replacing it with another system in order to make a comparison. The present system can provide a direct ratio measurement between available tractive effort and optimized tractive effort to determine the functionality of a torque maximizer.
While the invention has been described in what is presently considered to be a preferred embodiment, various modifications and improvements will become apparent to those skilled in the art. It is intended, therefore, that the invention not be limited by the specific disclosed embodiment but be interpreted within the full spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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|Torque maximization and vibration control for AC locomotives
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|Jul 17, 2001
|Delphi Technologies, Inc.
|Four quadrant motor operation using DC bus current sensing
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|Jun 25, 2002
|Apparatus for monitoring the adhesion of an electric rail vehicle set
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|Method and system for determining an inertially-adjusted vehicle reference speed
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|Method, system and storage medium for determining a vehicle reference speed
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|Mar 20, 2007
|Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
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|System and method for stall detection of a motor
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|Adhesion control system for off-highway vehicle
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|AC drive system for electrically operated vehicle
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|Drive system for electrically operated vehicle
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|Textron Inc.
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|Nov 7, 2008
|Sep 10, 2013
|General Electric Company
|Gearbox noise reduction by electrical drive control
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|Mar 25, 2014
|General Electric Company
|Vehicle suspension control system and method
|Jun 11, 2012
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|Caterpillar Inc.
|FPDA closed loop electric drives controls
|Oct 16, 2012
|Aug 11, 2015
|Lsis Co., Ltd.
|Train speed measuring device and method
|Aug 8, 2013
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|General Electric Company
|System and method for traction motor control
|Sep 29, 2003
|Apr 1, 2004
|Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Hybrid vehicle and method for controlling the same
|Feb 2, 2004
|Aug 12, 2004
|Scott Mayhew
|System and method for stall detection of a motor
|Sep 19, 2003
|Mar 24, 2005
|Kumar Ajith K.
|Enhanced locomotive adhesion control
|Oct 27, 2005
|May 25, 2006
|Textron Inc.
|AC drive system for electrically operated vehicle
|Aug 31, 2006
|Mar 6, 2008
|National Railway Equipment Co.
|Adhesion control system for off-highway vehicle
|Dec 28, 2007
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|Textron Inc.
|Ac drive system for electrically operated vehicle
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|Jul 10, 2008
|Textron Inc.
|Electric Brake for Utility Vehicles
|Oct 29, 2007
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|Textron Inc.
|Hill Hold For An Electric Vehicle
|Nov 7, 2008
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|Simon Schramm
|Gearbox Noise Reduction By Electrical Drive Control
|Oct 7, 2009
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|General Electric Company
|Vehicle suspension control system and method
|Jul 14, 2011
|Textron Inc.
|Hill Hold For An Electric Vehicle
|Apr 25, 2013
|Lsis Co., Ltd.
|Train speed measuring device and method
|Aug 8, 2013
|Dec 5, 2013
|General Electric Company
|System and method for traction motor control
|Jun 11, 2012
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|Caterpillar, Inc.
|FPDA Closed Loop Electric Drives Controls
|Sep 16, 2004
|Feb 4, 2009
|Enhanced locomotive adhesion control
|Sep 23, 2003
|Apr 7, 2004
|Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Hybrid vehicle and method for controlling the same
|U.S. Classification
|318/52, 180/197, 318/362, 318/430, 318/71, 180/65.1
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 25, 1999
Owner name: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KUMARI, AJITH K.;MESALIC, ADMIR;WORDEN, BRET D.;REEL/FRAME:009718/0657
Effective date: 19990107
|Sep 10, 2003
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Nov 12, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 12, 2003
|Surcharge for late payment
|Jun 25, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 22, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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text: iZip Express Cycle Transforms Weak Legs into ArmstrongsAddyDugdale8/22/07 8:28amFiled to: electric bikeBicycleCurrie TechnologiesHybrids14EditInvite manuallyPromoteDismissUndismissHideShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink The iZip is a hybrid electric bicycle from Currie Technologies with a small electric motor that amplifies your pedaling efforts. This means that speeds of up to 25 mph are easily attainable without you having to break into a sweat—or shave your legs.The motor is powered by a lithium-ion battery, which is rechargeable. On high-power turbo mode, one charge will keep you freewheeling for up to 31 miles. There are two modes: standard and economy, which gives you up to 56 miles of aided biking before you're on your own again. The iZip has also got a 27-speed Shimano drive-train and RockShox forks but, as yet, no price tag. [Gizmag]Reply14 repliesLeave a reply


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HARRISBURG, Pa. — Two Pittsburgh-area legislators are pushing a bill that would add 10,000 municipal police officers around the state at a cost of $56 million.
"The primary function of government is to protect people,'' said Rep. Randy Vulakovich, R-Shaler, who was a Shaler police officer for 27 years before winning election to the state Legislature last year.
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The fifth conference of the Australia India Youth Dialogue (AIYD) will be hosted in New Delhi, Mohali and Bengaluru, India from 27 to 30 January 2016 (AIYD 2016).
AIYD 2016 will involve an incredible delegation of young leaders from Australia and India, across various cross-sections of society. A total of 30 young politicians, CEOs, journalists, social entrepreneurs, athletes and other young achievers will meet in India to discuss issues that are important to the future of both Australia and India. The discussions will center around the three themes of AIYD 2016: culture, sustainability and entrepreneurship.
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