text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 4, 1995
|Filing date
|Aug 31, 1993
|Priority date
|Aug 31, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Monika Hoppe-Hoeffler, Linda K. Borton, Charles L. Tazzia
|Original Assignee
|Basf Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (16), Classifications (14), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to electrodeposition coating compositions.
Electrodeposition coating, or electrocoating, is widely used in the art for the application of polymer coatings to metal substrates. Electrodeposition baths usually comprise a principal film-forming resin, such as an acrylic or epoxy resin, with ionic groups that can be salted so that the resin can be dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous bath. Pigments (dispersed in resin pastes), dyes, flow control agents, and other additives are often included in the electrocoat bath.
For automotive or industrial applications where hard electrocoat films are desired, the bath also includes a blocked crosslinking agent that unblocks under appropriate conditions (e.g., with the application of heat) to react with functional groups on the principal resin and thus cure the coating.
One of the advantages of electrodeposition coating compositions and processes is that the coating composition can be applied to a variety of metallic substrates regardless of shape or configuration. This is especially advantageous when the coating is applied as an anticorrosive coating onto a substrate having a number of irregular surfaces, such as a motor vehicle body. In order to maximize an electrodeposition coating's anticorrosion effectiveness, it is important that the coating form a contiguous layer over all portions of the metallic substrate.
Two criteria for measuring the effectiveness of an electrodeposition coating for covering all portions of the substrate are throwpower and edge coverage. Throwpower measures the effectiveness of an electrodeposition coating at covering recessed or interior areas of a metal substrate. Edge coverage measures the effectiveness of an electrodeposition coating at covering the edges of a metallic substrate. Good throwpower and edge coverage are important in order to maximize an electrodeposition coating's anticorrosion effectiveness.
Electrodeposition coatings must often satisfy a number of other criteria as well. A high degree of smoothness is often desirable. For example, when the electrodeposition coating serves as a primer for a high-gloss topcoat, the primer layer must be very smooth in order for the topcoat to have a satisfactory appearance. It is also advantageous to exhibit stability over a range of pH.
It is therefore desirable to provide an electrodeposition coating composition that provides good throwpower and edge coverage, without compromising overall corrosion protection and smoothness.
According to the present invention, there is provided an electrodeposition coating composition comprising:
(a) an aqueous dispersion of a water-dispersible, electrically-depositable resin, and
(b) a water-soluble cellulose ether.
When used in an electrodeposition process, the coating composition of the invention provides a contiguous coating over a variety of portions of the metal substrate, including recessed areas and edges. The coating composition is thus highly effective as an anticorrosive primer coating for metal substrates, particularly for motor vehicle bodies.
Water-soluble cellulose ether materials are well-known in the art. Water solubility is imparted to the cellulose by the incorporation of water-solubilizing groups such as hydroxyl or carboxyl groups. Commercially-available water-soluble cellulose ethers include, for example, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, and carboxyethyl cellulose. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the water-soluble cellulose ether is hydroxyethyl cellulose.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the substituent groups and/or substitution pattern on the water-soluble cellulose ether is such that it imparts resistance to microbial attack. Water-soluble cellulose ethers having resistance to microbial attack include those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,009,329 and 4,084,060, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Water-soluble cellulose ethers such as hydroxyethyl cellulose are typically supplied in varying viscosity grades. The viscosities of solutions will vary widely depending on the concentration and shear rate to which the solution is exposed. High viscosity grade cellulose ethers are non-Newtonian, exhibiting a high degree of pseudoplasticity. For example, a 2% solution of a high viscosity grade hydroxyethyl cellulose can exhibit a viscosity of from around 100 cp at a shear rate of 10,000 sec-1 and viscosities of 100,000 or more at a shear rate of 0.1 sec-1. Low viscosity grade cellulose ethers are nearly Newtonian, exhibiting a low degree of pseudoplasticity. Non-Newtonian cellulose ethers, such as Cellosize� QP-100MH, Cellosize� QP-52000H, and Cellosize� QP-30000H, all available from Union Carbide, are preferred in the practice of the present invention.
The viscosity of the water-soluble cellulose used in the present invention is preferably between 10,000 cPoise and 300,000 cPoise (at a concentration of 2% and a temperature of 25� C.), and more preferably between 60,000 and 100,000. The preferred viscosity for a 1% solution at 20� C. under a shear rate of 30 min-1 is from 500 cPoise and 12,000 cPoise, and more preferably from 1000 cPoise and 10,000 cPoise.
The water-soluble cellulose ether is incorporated into an electrodeposition coating bath. The water-soluble cellulose ether is useful in the bath at levels of 0.001% to 10%, and preferably 0.05% to 2%, as a weight percentage of the principal resin nonvolatiles in the electrocoat bath.
The present invention is useful with essentially any electrodeposition coating composition. Water-dispersible resins usable in the electrodeposition coating process may be classified, depending upon their dispersed state, into the solution type, the dispersion type, the emulsion type, and the suspension type. These types of resins are collectively referred to as "water-dispersible resins" herein. A wide variety of such resins are known and may be used in this invention.
A variety of such anionic or cationic resins are known including acrylic, polyester, polyether, phenolic, epoxy, polyurethane, polyamide, polybutadiene, and oil based resins. The resins are typically rendered water-soluble or dispersible through the incorporation of one or more cationic or anionic groups. Typical examples thereof are acrylic copolymers containing acrylic or methacrylic acid, maleinized natural and synthetic drying oils, maleinized polybutadiene, half esters and half amides of maleinized oils and polymers.
In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrodepositable resin is a cationic resin for use in cathodic electrodeposition processes such as those used in the automotive industry. Water-dispersible resins used in the cathodic electrodeposition coating process have a cationic functional group such as primary, secondary or tertiary amine moiety as a positively chargeable hydrophilic group. A variety of such resins are known including epoxy, polyether, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide, polybutadiene, phenolic and acrylic resins.
Cationic resins have been described in great number in the literature. They typically contain a number of basic groups, such as primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups, so as to provide dispersibility with water. If these resins contain primary and/or secondary amine groups, then they may or may not also contain hydroxyl groups and preferably they do. If only tertiary amino groups are present in the cationic resin, then the resin must contain hydroxyl or other functional groups in order to enable cross-linking. The amino equivalent weight of the cationic resin can range from 150 to 3000, and preferably 500 to 2000. The hydroxyl equivalent weight of the resins, if they have OH groups, is generally between 150 and 1000, and preferably 200 to 500. In addition, the resins may contain C═C double bonds, the C═C equivalent weight preferably being 500 to 1500.
Water-dispersible resins used in the anodic electrodeposition coating process must have an anionic functional group such as carboxyl group for imparting the resin with negative charges and for rendering the resin hydrophilic.
The molecular weight (mean weight) of a typical electrodepositable resin is usually in the range from 300 to 50,000, and preferably 5000 to 20,000.
Examples of cationic resins are described in the Journal of Coatings Technology, Vol. 54, No. 686, (1982), p. 33-41 ("Polymer Compositions for Cationic Electrodepositable Coatings"), the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference. Polymers of alpha, beta-olefinically unsaturated monomers that contain hydroxyl and/or amino groups may be mentioned here. The hydroxyl or amino groups may be introduced using appropriate monomers in the copolymerization, for example by means of hydroxyl or amino esters of alpha, beta-olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates or aminoalkyl (meth)acrylates, or by polymer analogous reaction with diamines or polyamines, for example with N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine, with formation of amide, amino or urethane groups. The polyaminopolyamides, which can be obtained from dimerized fatty acids and polyamines, are a further group. Aminopolyether polyols, which can be prepared by reaction of primary or secondary amines with a polyglycidyl ether, are particularly suited for this. Sufficient epoxide groups to convert all amino groups into tertiary amino groups are advantageously present here. The preferred polyglycidyl ethers are polyglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and similar polyphenols. They can be prepared, for example by etherifying a polyphenol using an epihalohydrin, such as epichlorohydrin, in the presence of alkali.
The polyglycidyl ethers of the polyphenols may be reacted as such with the amines, but it is frequently advantageous to react some of the reactive epoxide groups with a modified material in order to improve the film properties. The reaction of the epoxide groups with a polyol or a polycarboxylic acid is particularly preferred.
Useful polyols can include polyether polyols, polyester polyols, or urethane polyols. Polyether polyols can be prepared by addition polymerization of alkylene oxides (for example ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran) with low-molecular-weight polyols having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and a molecular weight of about 50 to 300 (for example ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycols, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, pentaerythrite). If ethylene oxide is used alone or in combination with other alkylene oxides as alkylene oxide components, the water-solubility of the resin is improved.
Polyester polyols can be prepared by reaction of the above mentioned low-molecular weight polyols or epoxy compounds, for example fatty acid glycidyl esters, with polycarboxylic acid (for example adipic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, phthalic acid, or terephthalic acid), or derivatives thereof.
Polyester polyols can be prepared by ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic ester, such as caprolactone or butyrolactone.
Urethane-modified polyols can be obtained by reaction of an excess of the above-mentioned polyether polyols or polyester polyols with an organic polyisocyanate.
The above-mentioned polycarboxylic acids are obtained by reaction of the polyols described above with an excess of polycarboxylic acids or, preferably, the anhydrides thereof. They can likewise be obtained by esterification of polycarboxylic acids, or anhydrides thereof, using low-molecular weight polyols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc. Low-molecular weight polyether polyamines or polyamines, such as, for example, hexamethylenediamine, may also be employed in place of the low-molecular weight polyols.
The modification of the aminopolyether polyols using polyols or polycarboxylic acids is preferably carried out before the reaction of the polyglycidyl ethers with the primary or secondary amines. However, it is also possible to select the ratio of the polyglycidyl ether used as starting material to the amines in such a fashion that an excess of epoxy groups is present. The epoxy groups may then be reacted with the polycarboxylic acids or polyols. It is furthermore possible to further modify the final product, which no longer contains epoxide groups, by reaction of the hydroxyl groups with glycidyl ethers.
According to the curing mechanism of particular resins, they may be classified into three classes. The first one is those capable of self-crosslinking through a radical or oxidative polymerization reaction. The second class of resins requires a crosslinking agent such as blocked polyisocyanates. The third one utilizes both the self-crosslinking reaction and the crosslinking agent in combination.
According to the type of energy source required for initiating the crosslinking reaction, the water-dispersible, chargeable resins may also be classified into the ambient temperature curing or more preferably heat-curing.
The water-dispersible resins useful as principal resins in the present invention are typically hydrophilic such that they are not soluble or dispersible in water when they are in the form of a free base, but become soluble or dispersible to make a stable aqueous solution or dispersion when a sufficient amount (e.g., at least 20%, and more typically 50%) of the base function is neutralized. If the water-dispersible resins are too hydrophilic, they fail to form a coating film having satisfactory water- or corrosion resistance and/or the application of electrodeposition coating processes becomes difficult.
In order to enhance various film properties, the water-dispersible resins are often used in the form of an emulsion in which the water-dispersible resin constitutes a continuous phase, and an optional water-insoluble resin free from chargeable hydrophilic groups (e.g., an epoxy acrylate resin) constitutes a dispersed phase.
When the resin can be crosslinked with a crosslinking agent included in the coating composition for the electrocoat primer layer, any of a number of crosslinking agents or curing agents may be used. Commonly-used crosslinking agents include blocked polyisocyanates including isocyanurates of polyisocyanates (e.g., hexamethylene diisocyanate) and transesterification crosslinking agents.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the crosslinking agent is an aromatic polyisocyanate, including isocyanurates of aromatic polyisocyanates. Useful aromatic polyisocyanates include toluene diisocyanate (TDI), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, and the like. In another preferred embodiment, an isocyanurate of an aliphatic polyisocyanate such as hexamethylene diisocyanate is used. These isocyanates are pre-reacted with a blocking agent such an oxime, an alcohol, or an amine, which blocks the isocyanate crosslinking functionality. Upon heating, the blocking agents separate and crosslinking occurs.
The electrodepositable coating compositions of the present invention are dispersed in aqueous medium. The term "dispersion" as used within the context of the present invention is believed to be a two-phase translucent or opaque aqueous resinous system in which the resin is in the dispersed phase and water the continuous phase. The average particle size diameter of the resinous phase is about 0.1 to 10 microns, preferably less than 5 microns. The concentration of the resinous products in the aqueous medium is, in general, not critical, but ordinarily the major portion of the aqueous dispersion is water. The aqueous dispersion usually contains from about 3 to 50 percent preferably 5 to 40 percent by weight resin solids. Aqueous resin concentrates which are to be further diluted with water, generally range from 10 to 30 percent by total weight solids.
The above components are uniformly dispersed in an aqueous medium containing a base in case of the anodic electrodeposition or an acid in case of the cathodic electrodeposition in an amount sufficient to neutralize enough of the ionic groups to impart water-dispersibility to the resin. Examples of bases include ammonia, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, methylethanolamine, diethylamine, morpholine, and potassium hydroxide. Examples of acids include phosphoric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and lactic acid.
Besides water, the aqueous medium may also contain a coalescing solvent. Useful coalescing solvents include hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, ethers and ketones. The preferred coalescing solvents include alcohols, polyols and ketones. Specific coalescing solvents include monobutyl and monohexyl ethers of ethylene glycol, and phenyl ether of propylene, glycolethylcellosolve, propylcellosolve, butylcellosolve, ethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, or diacetone alcohol. A small amount of a water-immiscible organic solvent such as xylene, toluene, methyl isobutyl ketone or 2-ethylhexanol may be added to the mixture of water and the water-miscible organic solvent. The amount of coalescing solvent is not unduly critical and is generally between about 0 to 15 percent by weight, preferably about 0.5 to 5 percent by weight based on total weight of the resin solids.
The electrodeposition coating composition used in this invention may further contain conventional pigments such as titanium dioxide, ferric oxide, carbon black, aluminum silicate, precipitated barium sulfate, aluminum phosphomolybdate, strontium chromate, basic lead silicate or lead chromate. The pigment-to-resin weight ratio can be important and should be preferably less than 50:100, more preferably less than 40:100, and usually about 20 to 40:100. Higher pigment-to-resin solids weight ratios have also been found to adversely affect coalescence and flow.
The electrodeposition coating compositions used in the invention can contain optional ingredients such as wetting agents, surfactants, UV absorbers, HALS compounds, antioxidants, defoamers and so forth. Examples of surfactants and wetting agents include alkyl imidazolines such as those available from Ciba-Geigy Industrial Chemicals as Amine C�, acetylenic alcohols available from Air Products and Chemicals as Surfynol� 104. In a preferred embodiment, the electrodeposition coating composition includes a biocide to help protect the water-soluble cellulose ether from microbial attack. Such biocides are well-known in the art and include, for example, Kathon� EDS, Troxsan� 186, and Nalco� 7320.
These optional ingredients, when present, constitute from about 0 to 20 percent by weight of resin solids. Plasticizers are optional ingredients because they promote flow. Examples are high boiling water immiscible materials such as ethylene or propylene oxide adducts of nonyl phenols or bisphenol A. Plasticizers can be used and if so are usually used at levels of about 0 to 15 percent by weight resin solids.
Curing catalysts such as tin catalysts are usually present in the coating composition. Examples are dibutyltin dilaurate and dibutyltin oxide. When used, they are typically present in amounts of about 0.05 to 2 percent by weight tin based on weight of total resin solids.
In general, sufficient water is added so that the dispersion has a solids content of more than 20, preferably more than 30% by weight.
The electrodeposition coating composition used in this invention may be applied on a conductive substrate by the electrodeposition coating process at a nonvolatile content of 10 to 25% by weight to a dry film thickness of 10 to 35 μm. After application, the coating may be cured at ambient or an elevated temperature, depending upon the nature of particular base resins.
The electrodeposition of the coating preparations according to the invention may be carried out by any of a number of processes known to those skilled in the art. The deposition may be carried out on all electrically conducting substrates, for example metal, such as steel, copper, aluminum and the like.
According to the invention, a pigmented resin coating and optionally a clearcoat layer is applied over the electrocoat primer layer. In automotive applications, the pigmented resin layer is often called a basecoat or pigmented basecoat. The resin in the pigmented resin layer can be of a number of resins known in the art. For example, the resin can be an acrylic, a polyurethane, or a polyester. Typical pigmented resin coating formulations are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,791,168, 4,414,357, and 4,546,046. The pigmented resin can be cured by any of the known mechanisms and curing agents, such as a melamine polyol reaction (e.g., melamine cure of a hydroxy-functional acrylic resin).
The invention is further described in the following examples.
27.81 parts of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and 1.44 parts of xylene were charged into a reaction vessel. The charge was heated to 82� C. under a dry nitrogen atmosphere. Next, the heating of the reaction vessel was discontinued and a charge of 5.81 parts bisphenol A was added. The heating of the reaction vessel was then continued to a temperature of 127� C. At this time, the reaction exothermed on its own, with a peak of about 149� C.-160� C. The mixture was held above 149� C. until a EEW (epoxide equivalent weight) of 350�10 was achieved.
Once the EEW of 350 was achieved, 21.08 parts ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was added to the reaction vessel and the bath was then cooled to 90� C.
After a temperature of 90� C. was achieved, a mixture of 7.77 parts of polyglycolamine and 4.07 parts dimethylaminopropylamine were added to the reaction vessel over a period of 6 minutes. The batch exothermed to 104� C.-110� C. and the exotherm was held at or below 115� C. for one hour. Next, 0.53 parts ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was added and thereafter 4.92 parts ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was charged into the reaction vessel and the batch was cooled to 77� C. Next, 14.9 parts nonylphenolglycidyl ether was charged into the reaction vessel. The batch exothermed to 88� C.-93� C., and the batch was held at this temperature for one hour.
Next, a pump of 1.53 parts ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was added and then 10.03 parts ethylene glycol monobutyl ether was charged into the reaction vessel and the batch was cooled to 66� C. The resultant product was then drummed off through 25 micron filter bags.
The nonvolatile content of the grind resin prepared in Example 1 was determined to be 60.0%, the weight per gallon was 8.53 and the viscosity was about 4900 centipoise at 25� C.
______________________________________Paste Formula Total NV Pig Bind %Component Wt Wt Wt Wt % PS Total______________________________________Grind Resin 198.3 119.0 -- 119.0 -- 19.83Acetic Acid 11.1 -- -- -- -- 1.11Defoamer 7.0 -- -- -- -- 0.70(Tristar 27)Carbon Black 12.6 12.6 12.6 -- 3.0 1.261.26Low Silicate 14.7 14.7 14.7 -- 3.5 1.47(Basic WhiteLow)Clay Extender 63.0 63.0 63.0 -- 15.0 6.30Titanium 329.7 329.7 329.7 -- 78.5 32.97DioxideDibutylin Oxide 21.0 21.0 -- 21.0 -- 2.10(Fine Ground)Dl Water 342.6 -- -- -- -- 34.26Totals 1000.0 560.0 420.0 140.0 (100.0) (100.0)______________________________________ Formulated For: 56.0% N.V. Before Reduction Grind Resin Parameters 60.0% N.V.; 489 AEW Neutralization 75.0%
The grinding temperature was maintained in the range of 32� C.-46� C. All of the pastes ground to 8-10 μm in three passes through a vertical sand mill.
Xylene was added to clean dry reactor. The mixing liquid was blanketed with pure N2 and heated to 42� C.
Solid epoxy (characteristics and weight in Table below) was added at such a rate that the batch temperature never drops below 60� C., over a period of approximately two hours. Heating was continued until 100� C.
______________________________________Characteristics and Weight of IngredientsWeight Ingredient______________________________________81.1 Xylene33.9 Xylene568.1 EPON � 1001 (EEW = 530 +- 10)75.9 Dodecyl phenol1.1 BDMA42.1 Ethylene glycol Monobutyl ether74.7 Xylene42.6 DEOA40.6 Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether107.7 Isobutanol13.3 DAMPA1000.0 Total Weight Principal Resin 70% N.V.______________________________________
At this point, the dodecyl phenol was added and then heated to 118� C. Vacuum drying by distillation of heating to 125� C. The pressure should be between 66 cm and 69 cm of Hg (88 kp-92 kp). The drying stage should take about one hour. Break vacuum with pure nitrogen only. The batch was cooled to 115� C. The sample at this point was % nonvolatiles (% N.V.)=95.0�0.5.
At 115� C., benzyldimethylamine (BDMA) was added. The peak exotherm temperature should reach 129�-132� C.�2� C. and the polymerization was followed by EEW (epoxide equivalent weight) titration. Every 30 minutes, the reaction was sampled and was stopped at an end point of 110�10 EEW. The typical reaction time was 3 hours.
At the target EEW, the reducing solvents were added followed by diethanol amine (DEOA).
The temperature of this reaction should not exceed 132� C. Cooling may be necessary at this point with jacket or coils. A vacuum suction was started immediately after the DEOA addition and pressure was reduced to 18 inches of Hg and held for 5 minutes. The pressure was further reduced in 2 inch Hg increments followed by short holding period until 26-27 inches of Hg was achieved. The batch was then cooled to 90� C. in one hour following addition of DEOA. To achieve this a good reflux rate should be attained in 20-25 minutes after the DEOA addition. All solvents were returned to the reactor.
After one hour of vacuum cooling, (T=90� C.), ethylene glycol monohexyl ether and isobutanol were added without breaking vacuum. The batch was cooled for 35 minutes to about 60� C. under full vacuum.
The dimethylamino propyl amine (DMAPA) was charged as fast as possible after the 35 minute cooling period. The batch temperature was kept below 63� C. The batch was kept between 54� C. and 60� C. for two hours after exotherm. Then it was heated 90� C. over one hour and this temperature held for one hour. The batch was cooled to 80� C.
A blocked isocyanate cross-linking agent (polyurethane cross-linking agent) was prepared according to the following procedure. Slowly and with stirring in a nitrogen atmosphere 291 parts of an 80/20 isomeric mixture of 2,4,-/2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 0.08 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate and 180 parts of methyl iso-butyl ketone were added, the temperature being maintained below 38� C. The mixture was maintained at 38� C. for a further half hour after which 75 parts of trimethylolpropane were added. After allowing the reaction to proceed for about 10 hours, 175 parts of ethylene glycol monopropyl ether was added and the mixture reaction kept 1.5 hours at 121� C. until essentially all the isocyanate groups were reacted. This depletion was recognized from the infrared spectrum.
Another blocked isocyanate can be prepared by altering the foregoing order of addition pursuant to Example 1 of DE 2,701,002.
A blocked isocyanate crosslinker (polyurea) was prepared according to the following procedure. Four-hundred-eighty-three parts of the triisocyanurate of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 193 parts of 2-hexanone were charged to a dry reactor. Diutylamine (307 parts) were added slowly and with stirring under nitrogen atmosphere so that the temperature does not exceed 80� C. After all amine has reacted 14 parts of n-butanol and 0.2 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate were added. The reaction mixture was heated to 80� C. until no isocyanate groups can be detected by infrared analysis.
With the foregoing principal resin stirring at 80� C. the acetic acid and plasticizer, Paraplex� WP-I (sold by Rohm & Haas (are added, followed by addition of crosslinker I prepared as described above. The resin mixture at this point should be at about 56� C. It was mixed for 15 minutes.
Then, the resin premix and acid as formulated above were added with agitation to the H2 O and Surfynol� 104 (50% in ethylene glycol monobutyl ether) starting at 25� C. The nonvolatiles content was 55%. The temperature at this point was 37� C. to 40� C. The mix was stirred for the next portion of H2 O. It is held and mixed 30 minutes. The temperature should be between 30� C. and 32� C. The remaining water was added. Final emulsion temperature was 27� C.-30� C.
______________________________________Emulsion Composition TableWeight Ingredient______________________________________302.0 Principal Resin 70% N.V.28.3 Plasticizer (nonylphenoxy polypropoxyethanol (100% N.V.)162.6 Crosslinker I (70.0% N.V.)4.84 Acetic Acid142.8 H2 O Portion I0.68 Surfynol � 104 (50%) in ethylene glycol monobutyl ether200.0 H2 O Portion II103.6 H2 O Portion III______________________________________
2 parts Cellosize� QP 100M from Union Carbide is dissolved in 95 parts deionized water at ambient temperature.
473 parts of the emulsion, 1 part lactic acid, 123.5 parts of the paste, 402.5 parts DI water and 20.9 parts of the hydroxyethylcellulose solution were combined at ambient temperature and stirred for about one hour. The bath solids were adjusted with DI water to yield a NV of about 21-24% by weight.
The grind resin was prepared as in Example 1.
______________________________________Paste Formula Total NV Pig Bind %Component Wt Wt Wt Wt % PS Total______________________________________Grind Resin 198.3 119.0 -- 119.0 -- 19.83Acetic Acid 11.1 -- -- -- -- 1.11Defoamer 7.0 -- -- -- -- 0.70(Tristar 27)Carbon Black 12.6 12.6 12.6 -- 3.0 1.261.26Lead Silicate 14.7 14.7 14.7 -- 3.5 1.47(Basic WhiteLead)Clay Extender 63.0 63.0 63.0 -- 15.0 6.30Titanium 329.7 329.7 329.7 -- 78.5 32.97DioxideDibutylin Oxide 21.0 21.0 -- 21.0 -- 2.10(Fine Ground)Dl Water 342.6 -- -- -- -- 34.26Totals 1000.0 560.0 420.0 140.0 (100.0) (100.0)______________________________________ Formulated For: 56.0% N.V. Before Reduction Grind Resin Parameters 60.0% N.V.; 489 AEW Neutralization 75.0%
The grinding temperature was maintained in the range of 32� C.-46� C. All of the pastes ground to 8-10μin three passes through a vertical sand mill.
Next, 328.5 parts of this paste were mixed with 55.6 parts of the hydroxyethylcellulose solution at ambient temperature for about 1 hour.
The principal resin was prepared as in Example 1.
The crosslinking agent I was prepared as in Example 1.
The crosslinking agent II was prepared as in Example 1.
The emulsion was prepared as in Example 1.
The hydroxyethylcellulose solution was prepared as in Example 1.
The electrocoat bath was prepared as in Example 1.
The procedure for example 3 was identical to Example 2, but Cellosize� HEC 52000 was used instead of Cellosize� QP 100M.
The electrodip paints of Examples 1-3 were left to age with stirring for 5 days at room temperature. The deposition of the paint films takes place over 2 min at the given voltage onto cathodically connected steel test panels.
______________________________________Deposition Behavior film build rupture______________________________________no Cellosize � 270V 320 VExample 1 250V 300 VExample 2 250V 300 VExample 3 250V 320 V______________________________________
The bath temperature in this procedure was held at 27� C. The wet films deposited were rinsed with deionized water and baked for 20 min at 175� C. The resulting paint films were tested and the test results are collated in the following table:
______________________________________Tests Electrocoating Paints20 Cycles SCAB on nophosphated steel Cellosize � Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3______________________________________Edge corrosion1) 4 0 0 1Edge Creep (mm) 1.37 0 0 0.34Electrical Quality2) (%) 32 100 100 98______________________________________ 1) 0 = best value, 5 = worst value 2) This figure is obtained by applying a voltage of 50-1000 V to the coated edge and determining the insulation effect to electric current. Th higher the electrical quality, the higher the insulation effect. The higher the insulation effect, the better the edge is coated by an electrodip paint film.
The invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments thereof. It should be understood, however, that variations and modifications can be made within the spirit and scope of the invention.
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|Electrocoat management system
|Apr 11, 2006
|May 20, 2008
|Basf Corporation
|Electrocoat manufacturing process
|Mar 4, 2004
|Aug 19, 2008
|Volsper Sourcing, Inc.
|Treating an electrocoat system with a biosurfactant
|Mar 4, 2004
|Sep 24, 2013
|Valspar Sourcing, Inc.
|Detecting micro-organisms in an electrocoating process
|Mar 4, 2004
|Nov 25, 2004
|Contos Michael A.
|Treating an electrocoat system with a biosurfactant
|Mar 4, 2004
|Nov 25, 2004
|Pillar Lonnie L.
|Detecting micro-organisms in an electrocoating process
|Mar 4, 2004
|Jan 13, 2005
|Contos Michael A.
|Electrocoat management system
|Apr 11, 2006
|Oct 11, 2007
|Basf Corporation
|Electrocoat manufacturing process
|Mar 13, 2009
|Sep 17, 2009
|Kiyoshi Kato
|Pigment dispersion paste for electrodeposition coating compositions, and electrodeposition coating composition
|Apr 15, 2006
|Dec 17, 2009
|Kersten Link
|Surface treatment system
|Mar 13, 2009
|Jan 18, 2012
|Pigment dispersion paste for electrodeposition coating compositions, and electrodeposition coating composition
|U.S. Classification
|523/414, 524/901, 524/44, 524/46, 524/45, 204/489
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 29, 1993
Owner name: BASF CORPORATION, MICHIGAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HOPPE-HOEFFLER, MONIKA;BORTON, LINDA K.;TAZZIA, CHARLES L.;REEL/FRAME:006752/0123;SIGNING DATES FROM 19930922 TO 19931013
|Jan 4, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 31, 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jan 17, 2007
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jul 4, 2007
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Aug 21, 2007
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20070704


text:
=I am logged in as an Administrator on my machine and when I check Local Security Settings -> Audit Policy -> Audit Account logon events I click on "Properties" and try to turn it off for "Success" and "Faiulre" but the checkboxes are disabled. Anyone have any idea why?
Is your machine a member of a domain? If so, then Group Policy may be overriding those settings.

subset: commoncrawl


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Boy Scouts® Three-Ring Binder$8.99Sturdy, paper-board three-ring binder. Front features mountain and adventure activity images and "New perspective on fun" phrase. Spine reads "I live for adventure" and the back features a rock climber rappelling down the outside of the binder with muddy boot prints and the Scout Oath printed along the bottom. Includes BSA® logo beneath oath. Learn More
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On a roll
One time, I was on my period and I went to the bathroom to change my pad. A few other girls were in there too, and there was a line because there were only two stalls. When it was my turn I went in and I guess I accidentally dropped my rolled up pad on the floor and didn't realize it. When I went back to class one of the girls from the bathroom showed up with a janitor. The janitor announced to the whole class what happened and how keeping the bathrooms clean and sanitary is important. The girl was staring at me the whole time and you can bet my face was red!
POSTED IN period probs, sticky school sitch, public humiliationjump to comments


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There aren't any major holidays during this time of the year, so it's a perfect time to take a hard look at your holiday decor. We don't have a ton of room for storage, so I have been going through our decorations, letting go of the things we rarely use and keeping the things that we love the most. If you have a lot of space in your garage or basement, these plans from Ana White would be amazing to use.
It's been eye opening to say the least. Over the years we have collected a lot of cute, but not always our style, stuff. Some of that is due to well meaning gift givers, some of it is impulse buys. For me what has helped is looking seriously at what makes our home feel most like the holidays. In other words, what are the things that ALWAYS get brought out.
Turns out, it's actually pretty small. For example, at Christmas the things that make it most feel like the holiday are a Christmas tree, a Christmas village or two, some favorite pillows and stuffed animals, lighted garlands on the banister and stockings at the fireplace. I do have a lovely nativity scene, but I was surprised to realize it never gets brought out. It was lost in the other decorations. Now that we have pared down, it won't be forgotten.
Whatever hadn't been brought out during the holiday, especially if it had been YEARS since it was used, was donated to our local charity. This made me extremely happy because now maybe someone else out there can use and love it, instead of the items being packed away in our basement and not used.
Of course this technique can apply to anything you are trying to declutter, but it really helps with holiday decor. It seems like we have a lot more sentimental feelings attached to holiday objects, so thinking about what makes things FEEL most like the holiday to you really helps a lot.
I now look forward to the upcoming holiday season because I know that everything I want will be easier to find and access. It's going to feel so nice instead of feeling a bit stressful.
Let me know if you give it a try, and how you felt about it!


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Related quotes
"He's a very nice horse, correct, a good mover. He's not a big horse. He kind of looks like his pedigree. She (his dam) is a Blushing Groom mare. I'd be surprised if he didn't go over well."
"He's correct and a good mover. He's got that Irish walk. It's big, loose, and it covers a lot of ground."
"He's a ball mover. It's not that our offense has been so slow ... we ran the same stuff when he was in the game and looked pretty good. Moving, cutting, being sharp, understanding how hard you've got to play, tighten every possession up, pay attention to detail ... he does that as well as anybody we have, if not better."
"We had good breakouts coming with speed and good entry. Once we're set up we have great puck-movers. It doesn't have to be a big slap shot all the time because we're there for rebounds."


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Search our online air filter catalog and find the lowest priced discount auto parts on the web. We sell wholesale to the public. We offer high quality new, OEM, aftermarket and remanufactured Plymouth VIP Air Filter parts. We specialize in a wide-variety of high-quality car parts and accessories for your car, truck or SUV. Call toll free to order or place your order online via our secure checkout system. Our online parts catalog uses real-time inventory, so you can be assured the parts you buy are in stock at the time of ordering. Most orders are shipped the same day. They are available for the following Plymouth VIP years: 1967, 67. This part is also sometimes called Plymouth VIP Filters. We stock air filter parts for most Plymouth models including Roadrunner, Voyager, Neon, Grand Voyager, Valiant, Barracuda, Cuda, Duster, Superbird, Colt, Breeze, Prowler, Acclaim, Sundance, Satellite, Horizon, Savoy, Belvedere, Fury, Laser, Fury III, Reliant, Volare, GTX, Belvedere II, Scamp, Gran Fury, Trailduster, Suburban, Fury II, Arrow Pickup, Caravelle, Plaza, Arrow, Fury I, Champ, Turismo, Conquest, PB350 and Sapporo.
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About Legislative Assembly, Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh has unicameral Legislature ever since its inception. The Legislative Assembly was consisted of 33 members, out of whom 30 were chosen by the people by direct election and three nominated by the Union Government.Consequent upon the formation of the State of Arunachal Pradesh with effect from 20 February, 1987 the total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly was raised to 60.
The Legislative Assembly of the State, unless sooner dissolved, continues for 5 years from the date of appointment for its first meeting. With the conferment of Statehood or Arunachal Pradesh on 20th February, 1987, qualification/ disqualifications, etc., for membership are guided by the relevant provisions of the Constitution and the Representation of Peoples' Act, 1951.
Designed and developed by NIC - ItanagarSite Best View: Website Best Viewed in Firefox 5.5 or later version or Internet Explorer 6.0 or later version.


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|1 reviews in total
*** This review may contain spoilers ***
"Little World" is all about Albert, and audiences will naturally take
to him. His friendly, easygoing confidence and likability make him good
company. It's not surprising that people are drawn to him, and invite
him to stay in their home for free as their guest. (Some invite him to
stay forever, but the road beacons him.) Albert longs for four things
in life: Happiness, freedom, love and good luck. He has all of these in
abundance, and when he gets his "happiness tattoo" at the end of the
film, it makes for a satisfying coda.
Albert is like a real-life Elwood P. Dowd, forever optimistic in the face of life's adversities. At one point, we watch this disabled boy merrily crawling, one by one, up the many (!) steps of the Great Wall of China. His joy at reaching the top is sweetly moving without being mawkish.
Even when lying in a hospital bed, having narrowly avoided death, his unrelenting optimism and joie de vivre are undiminished. (One can't help but wonder if Albert's persistent good cheer might actually represent some sort of mild autism or mental illness.)
Like Dowd, Albert seems to enjoy an almost otherworldly insulation from disaster. His plan to travel around the world on no money seems like a disaster waiting to happen, but things move along with apparent expediency. Albert and Anna bring no money on their journey. They get along by hitchhiking, and by the generosity of others. These negotiations are generally not depicted on camera. The impression one gets is that people are drawn to Albert and take pleasure in helping him. (Albert does use deceit to gain passage on a ship, but this appears to be a rare and forgivable exception.) Albert is so likable and friendly that it's unlikely audiences will see his behavior in a negative light.
Albert and Anna's journey, as depicted in the documentary is almost absurdly easy. Their approach is adventurous and spontaneous but also thoroughly inefficient. One suspects that their trip likely had moments of downtime, boredom, delays and obstacles, none of which are generally depicted in the film. Albert's loving relationship with his girlfriend Anna helps anchor the film, although one wishes we knew more about what motivates her. (We're also curious about Albert's decision to continue travelling alone during her illness. Didn't he want to be by her side?)
The film poses compelling questions about who is truly "handicapped" and what makes for a meaningful existence. Albert's life is very unusual, but he ably defends his choices, explaining that this is the life he wants. For him, staying home or working in an office would be death.
The conclusion of the film, where Albert and Anna arrive in New Zealand is very moving. It's here, at the "beginning of the world" that the film explores the cosmic, philosophical questions posed by Albert's journey. It's a fitting and satisfying end, and the fact that the final exchanges take place in English will only add to American audience's enjoyment of these moments.
|Plot summary
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Official Twitter of the LA Galaxy, 2002, 2005, 2011 & 2012 MLS Cup Champions
Face Tags
we're at the @SoccerExpo! If you're here, stop by our booth.
Veja esta foto dos três brasileiros, Leonardo, Alex e Juniniho.
Sean and @EdsonBuddle out for a run during Week 1 of training camp. http://tr.im/M4bb
Photo of Galaxy/Kings fans @mongewse and @RedHottee waiting in line to meet Bruce and Cobi.
Bruce and Cobi at the @LAKingsHockey game.
Cobi and Bruce w/ the fans at the @LAKingsHockey game.
A glimpse of the future! Photo of Stephens in action with Galaxy is USL Super-20 league.
The view from the desk. #mlsdraft
Welcome to MLS SuperDraft 2010! #mlsdraft
Here's a behind the scenes photo of the stage at the draft...Galaxy banner in the middle
Omar's first day with @ussoccer.
On display at the @ESPNZoneLALive during the holidays will be the 2009 MLS Western Conference Championship Trophy
Landon Donovan's MLS Cup 2009 Jersey and the Galaxy's 2009 Western Conference Cup on display at @ESPNZoneLALive
Photo of @MissLAGalaxy at Shriners Hospital for Children Los Angeles.
Picture from yesterday's visit to the Boys & Girls Club in Whittier w/ @1027KIISFM.
Guess who's been added to the guest list for tomorrow's Viewing Party? Yup. This guy!
Fans, this is a must see!!… Workers install LA Galaxy logo atop Seattle's famed Space Needle, 550 feet above the ground, to commemorate #MLSCup09. Photo credit: Omega Graphics.
Big screen just went up at the concourse, and so did this guy to install it. We're 6 hours away from kickoff...
Congratulations to Head Coach Bruce Arena on being named MLS Coach of the Year for a second time.
Congratulations to Head Coach Burce Arena on being named MLS Coach of the Year for a second time.
©2016 Twitpic Inc, All Rights Reserved


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Results 6 to 10 of 18
Thread: How to get to Mac or Mak?
March 30th, 2014 08:08 PM #6
March 30th, 2014 10:52 PM #8Senior Member
- Join Date
- Nov 2013
- Location
- Midwest
- Posts
- 556
I love the name Mack! Personally I think almost any M name would work. Mack is such a general, friendly nickname so it seems very usable. Like if you choose Matthew and call him Mack, I don't think many people would be confused how you get Mack out of that. Maybe that's just me though. If I ever have a little boy, I want to name him Morgan Zachary and use Mack as a cute family nickname. I thought of that by just combining the sounds of Morgan and Zack. I don't think it's too much of a stretch. (Once again, maybe it's just me)Maybe you could use that idea too? Like Matthew Jack/Jackson or Mason Zachary. I think it's an option if you can't find a name you like that naturally leads to Mack.
Another name to consider is Macklin. I once coached a little boy who had this name but he went by Mack.
Also Maxwell would work too.
Last edited by ad10; March 30th, 2014 at 11:01 PM.-Nolan-Everett-Jonah-Grant-
March 31st, 2014 12:08 AM #10
March 31st, 2014 12:13 PM #12Amara Beatrice | Esme Cordelia | Gwyneth Hazel | Madeleine Vesper | Margot Elspeth | Olive Kerensa | Phoebe Matilda | Sylvie Marigold | Willa Rosemary | Zara Emmeline | Archer Nathaniel | Callum Jude | Emmett Frost | Griffin Wilder | Julian Emrys | Leo Sebastian | Milo Vincent | Lucian Mateo | Rhys Donovan | Thorin Jasper
March 31st, 2014 12:23 PM #14Senior Member
- Join Date
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- 496


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Victoria Justice In A Swimsuit
According to my sources, one of my favorite hotties Victoria Justice is hanging out in a swimsuit in Miami right now, and luckily, the paparazzi were around to catch every minute of this very important moment. Now, unfortunately, Victoria hasn't busted out any Jessica Alba bikini ass poses or anything yet, but here's hoping this is just the warm-up for the main event. Stay tuned.


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SINCE THE impressive report by Starr and Edwards1 in 1961 of initial clinical experiences with their ball-valve prosthesis, it has been widely and successfully employed.2-5 Many patients have been successfully rehabilitated from severe congestive heart failure. The main limitation of the prosthesis has been the development of peripheral emboli in some patients from clots forming on the prosthesis. Anticoagulant therapy has apparently decreased the frequency of this complication, though exact data are not yet available.
This report describes a very rare complication from a ball-valve prosthesis: 20 months after operation a proliferating clot produced acute obstruction of the mitral valve. The timely report by Garamella and associates6 of a similar case with a fatal outcome, which was published a few months before this patient was seen, made it possible to establish a correct diagnosis and successfully replace the thrombosed prosthesis.
Report of a Case
A 25-year-old white woman
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Originally posted on NESN.com | Last updated 11/16/13
Maybe Sam Hurd was right, NFL players do have a marijuana problem. First, it was Chiefs receiver Dwayne Bowe being arrested and charged with possession of marijuana earlier this week. Now, Falcons running back Jason Snelling is just the most recent perpetrator. Snelling was pulled over around 3:30 on Friday morning after police observed his car couldn't stay in its lane, according to the Barrow County News. Police noticed a "strong marijuana odor" coming from the car, leading to an inspection of the vehicle. Snelling admitted to smoking weed at a friend's house earlier in the night and to having some leftover pot in a grinder in the center console of his car. There appears to be more to the story, though. Police observed Snelling repeatedly trying to swallow during their conversation with him outside the car. One officer asked Snelling to open his mouth and noticed "green leafy particles," which may have been more weed, inside. Snelling, 29, denied eating any marijuana. Snelling was soon thereafter placed under arrest. He has been charged with possession of marijuana (less than one ounce), possession of drug-related materials, having an expired or no driver's license, failure to maintain lane, failure to maintain insurance, improper use of dealer license plate and no registration. Snelling has 36 carries for 132 yards and one touchdown as well as 19 catches for 159 yards and two receiving touchdowns this season. If the Falcons take the same approach that the Chiefs did with Bowe, it's unlikely Snelling will face any immediate punishment from the team. Photo of the Day That looks a whole lot like the Doomsday Device. Where are Hawk and Animal? Tweet of the Day You're not alone. My bed is gonna feel so good... a few hours of sleep, then at Noon the premiere of @WickedBitesTV on @NESN! Hope you all will be watching!— Mike Wendt (@MikeWendt) November 16, 2013 Video of the Day Oh, the ultimate fake out. Filed under: Headlines, NESN Staff, NFL
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We provide our members with a fun, convenient, comfortable environment where you will find all the support you need to meet your goals. Here at Curves, we celebrate your success! Not only will we know your name and help you achieve your goals, but we also provide you incentives to help to keep you motivated along the way. We are very excited that we have CURVES SMART. Curves Smart gives you a computerized workout- it's like having a personal trainer with you on every machine!


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14:30 to 16:30
You, our members are at the heart of everything we do and our daily inspiration. Therefore, on behalf of the Directors of AREG, Councillor Jean Morrison and Gordon McIntosh, we cordially invite you to join us on Monday 1st August 2016 2.30 – 4.30 at Town House for a session to review the AREG strategy for next two years and the services that we should provide to you. This will be followed 4.30 – 5.30 by an informal drop in session where you will have the opportunity to talk individually ...
12:00 to 14:00
Note: This event is free to Subsea UK members. See below for details on how to book your free ticket.
The programme will aim to help companies to identify relevant, near to market, opportunities and to develop strategies to address them. Initial activity has involved the preparation of a guide to opportunities in the offshore wind sector and review of near and longer term diversification prospects in a wide range of other market sectors.
The Lunch & Learn event on Tuesday 2nd August will i...
12:00 to 14:00
Aberdeen Exhibition and Conference Centre, Bridge of Don, Aberdeen, AB23 8BL
Join over 100 members and non-members interested in North Sea decommissioning from across the UK and Europe to hear from industry peers about new technology and developments, lessons learned, case studies, collaborative partnerships and efficient and effective ways of working. Maximise your networking opportunity with key players from across industry.
More information about our August Lunch and Learn will follow soon.
All day long
This UKCS Showcase, on 27 August, is designed exclusively for EIC members to present new innovation and operational efficiencies to the operator and contractor community and other EIC members looking to adapt to the low oil price.
With support from BP, Total E&P, Premier Oil and others to be announced, this is the ideal opportunity to outline new products, solutions or processes successfully in the current market conditions with a chance to network with your peers in EIC membership.
As the l...
12:00 to 14:30
All day long
from 12-09-16 to 13-09-16
Inverness, Eden Court Theatre
Scotland's Marine Industry: Delivering Today
Scotland's marine energy industry is on the cusp of breakthrough developments which will propel it towards commercialisation. But while we've taken huge strides forward with technology and projects, recent announcements regarding funding and Brexit have raised significant concerns about the future of these burgeoning industries.
Join us to learn about developments within Scotland's wave and tidal sectors and debat...
All day long
from 25-10-16 to 26-10-16
Offshore Energy and EWA (Dutch Energy from Water Assocation) present the Marine Energy Event 2016. Please mark your calendar for a special event as part of Offshore Energy 2016 offering delegates an insight in the latest developments in Dutch and international marine energy projects, environmental monitoring, testing infrastructure, offshore safety and construction, and the evolving trends and export markets of this sector. The full program and information about the speaker faculty will follow...
18:00 to 20:00


text: In my experience, most casual sports fans are unaware of Deadspin.com, the irreverent David to ESPN's Goliath. But Will Leitch's increasingly popular blog, which delivers "sports news without access, favor, or discretion," has become a destination for diehard sports fans eager to propose and discuss issues (say, Michael Vick's herpes?) that mainstream media won't touch. Leitch, who launched Deadspin in September 2005, describes the genesis of this fan movement away from traditional sports journalism in God Save the Fan: How Preening Sportscasters, Athletes Who Speak in the Third Person, and the Occasional Convicted Quarterback Have Taken the Fun Out of Sports (And How We Can Get It Back). If the title sounds long-winded, so are portions of the book, a sometimes witty manifesto infused with personal essays and social commentary. Its 295 pages make it clear that Leitch, who plays in 11 (!) fantasy sports leagues, doesn't have much respect for professional athletes. "Outside of the production of stats, athletes are pointless," he writes. That's certainly questionable. What's unquestionable, however, is that sports devotees are flocking to Deadspin (844,000 unique visitors per month) and that even casual fans may soon be turning to renegade reporters like Will Leitch for their daily fix. –


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May 16, 2013
A new analysis from ACE finds that individuals who earned their baccalaureate degrees in 2007-08 were not nearly as racially diverse as the overall undergraduate student body. They were largely unmarried, childless, white young adults in their early 20s who were financially dependent on their parents and who seamlessly moved along the path toward degree attainment.
The data-rich analysis also indicates that immediately after earning their degree, many of these graduates were between jobs or moving in and out of the labor force, although the situation had improved slightly a year later. By 2009, one in five of this group of graduates had returned to school.
With College Degree in Hand: Analysis of Racial Minority Graduates and Their Lives After College is the third installment of ACE's Diversity Matters in U.S. Higher Education issue brief series, which is generously supported by the GE Foundation. It uses U.S. Department of Education data from a nationally representative sample of 1.5 million first-time baccalaureate degree recipients in the academic year 2007-08, the most recently available data.
"With graduation season in full swing, we are grateful for the support of the GE Foundation in allowing us to take a close look at this group of graduates and their early outcomes," said Kim Bobby, director of ACE's Inclusive Excellence Group. "Minority students clearly face different barriers to graduation than others."
Among the report's key findings in three areas:
Overall Profile:
Early Labor Market Outcomes:
Post-baccalaureate Education:
"While it is encouraging to see minority graduates continuing their education at rates on par with others, the chronic gap between our graduating classes and our student bodies in terms of demographic and educational realities is a huge concern," said Mikyung Ryu, ACE's interim director of the Center for Policy Analysis and the report's author. "Given shifting student demographics, this gap will likely widen unless we undertake serious efforts to eradicate barriers for nontraditional and disadvantaged minority students."
The brief is free to ACE member presidents and can also be purchased on ACE's website. It is part of the Diversity Matters in U.S. Higher Education series, which is designed to provide campus leaders with timely, cutting-edge and actionable information they can share with the members of their campus community on a broad range of topics revolving around diversity and inclusion in U.S. higher education.
July 29, 2016
In today's headlines, Inside Higher Ed tells the story of how a faculty member laid off from the University of Southern Maine returned to become the institution's provost. In other news, Sheila Bair, president of Washington College (MD) shares her...
Diversity in Leadership
July 27, 2016
The survey is the oldest, most comprehensive and in-depth source of information about the college presidency and the leadership pipeline in higher education. Make sure your institution's president is included.
Innovative Practices
A survey of leaders at 251 colleges and universities active or interested in competency-based education reveals that even while interest in CBE is rising, implementation of CBE courses and programs remain gradual.
Institutional Effectiveness
July 25, 2016
A recent three-part blog series on ACE's Higher Education Today blog looks at financial data issues in higher education and offers insights for leaders looking to improve the way they use data in everyday decision-making.
Higher Education Act
The proposed regulations on state authorization requirements for postsecondary distance education outline how colleges and universities that offer online education programs to students in other states should be regulated.
Past ACE News


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In most cases due to physical causes (apart from injury or after surgery), the ED tends to develop slowly. So, you may have intermittent or partial ED for a while, which may gradually get worse. If the ED is due to a physical cause, you are likely still to have a normal sex drive apart from if the cause is due to a hormone problem. In some cases, ED causes poor self-esteem, anxiety, and even depression. These reactions to ED can make the problem worse.38. Marmor MF "Sildenafil (Viagra) and ophthalmology." Arch Ophthalmol 117 (1999): 518-9
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Tour of Oyster Bay home that inspired TV movie
Newsday's LI Homes editor and Rich Cribs blog contributor appeared on News 12 to talk about some of Long Island's most exclusive properties, including estates in Duck Point, Northport and an Oyster Bay home that inspired the 1987 TV movie "The Two Mrs. Grenvilles," which starred Ann Margaret and Claudette Colbert. News 12 video. (March 19, 2013)
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Rally in Support of Nassau and Suffolk Police Newsday recap: Donald Trump accepts the Republican nomination for president GOP convention Day Four recap RNC protests end with a song Cleveland police chief became cop on a dare Anti-Trump protest crosses Hope Bridge Giuliani to Clinton: 'We're going to kill you in upstate NY' Rudy Giuliani reflects on GOP convention Nassau police provide details about North Massapequa fire and crash North Massapequa house fire kills 1 at scene, pedestrian injured in nearby accident involving responders Cruz booed, flag burners arrested at RNC Newsday recap: Trump running mate Mike Pence speaks


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"When you accept money in payment for your effort, you do so only on the conviction that you will exchange it for the product of the effort of others. It is not the moochers or the looters who give value to money. Not an ocean of tears nor all the guns in the world can transform those pieces of paper in your wallet into the bread you will need to survive tomorrow. Those pieces of paper which should have been gold, are a token of honor -- your claim upon the energy of the men who produce. Your wallet is your statement of hope that somewhere in the world around you there are men who will not default on that moral principle which is the root of money." ~ Ayn Rand
Global Insiders Warned: U.S. Debt Crisis Could Explode at Anytime
Submitted by Sharon Secor on Thu, 2011-01-27 12:22
"The strong probability is that either we make the hard decisions so vital to our future, or we will be forced at some point to act more harshly and with less time to thoughtfully set priorities. Our long history of political and economic resilience should augur well."
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Definition of Biarritz in English:
Words that rhyme with Biarritzblitz, Fritz, glitz, it's, its, Ritz, spitz, spritz, St Kitts
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Maritime Today
The Maritime Industry's original and most viewed E-News Service
Singapore oilfield services company Swiber Holdings Ltd said on Friday it has applied to place itself under judicial management instead of liquidation.
A ceremony will be held July 29 at Cenac Marine Services headquarters in, Houma, La. To commemorate the christening of its newest vessel, M/V Quincey Cenac, as
Facing a "gradually deteriorating market," Sweden based tanker shipping company Concordia Maritime said it was able to post a profit in Q2 2016 based on high vessel
CMA CGM has introduced its new Bengal Bay Express service, operated with 11 vessels of 6,500 TEU on a weekly basis, in a continuous effort to provide its customers with the best quality service.
The cloud is for "device-agnostic young slashers," said Trond Bjorseth, marketing manager, of Oslo-based cloud consultancy, Tieto. His company offers an information
Radio Holland, a global NavCom and service company in the maritime industry, said it has concluded a maintenance and remote monitoring agreement with The China


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The analysis for this manuscript was completed in part while Dr Mendez was a doctoral student at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Department of Maternal and Child Health.
Research Article
Stress during Pregnancy: The Role of Institutional Racism
Version of Record online: 10 OCT 2012
DOI: 10.1002/smi.2462
Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress and Health
Volume 29, Issue 4, pages 266–274, October 2013
Additional Information
How to Cite
Mendez, D. D., Hogan, V. K. and Culhane, J. F. (2013), Stress during Pregnancy: The Role of Institutional Racism. Stress and Health, 29: 266–274. doi: 10.1002/smi.2462
Publication History
- Issue online: 22 SEP 2013
- Version of Record online: 10 OCT 2012
- Manuscript Accepted: 6 SEP 2012
- Manuscript Revised: 31 AUG 2012
- Manuscript Received: 9 MAR 2012
Funded by
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). Grant Number: F31HD057782
- Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). Grant Number: T03MC07643
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Grant Number: CDC/ATPM TS286-14/14
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Date Posted: Friday, July 29th, 2016
Categories: News Transcripts
This week, for the final time as Governor I had the opportunity to attend our Delaware State Fair which for nearly a century has celebrated our vibrant agriculture community. It's our state's largest industry and, anchored by our 2,400 family farms, it generates tens of thousands of jobs and contributes 8 billion dollars to our economy. Our farmers lead the nation in the value of products produced per acre and their impact continues to grow. That success is on full display at the State Fair through thousands of exhibits, demonstrations, student agricultural projects and much more. They show that Delawareans of all ages are developing products, growing crops, and raising poultry and livestock that's strengthening our food supply and making our lives better.
Date Posted: Friday, July 29th, 2016
Categories: Kent County New Castle County Sussex County Weekly Message
Wilmington, DE – In his weekly message, Governor Markell celebrates the Delaware State Fair and discusses the important and growing role of agriculture in the First State.
Date Posted: Friday, July 22nd, 2016
Categories: Education Kent County New Castle County Sussex County Weekly Message
Wilmington, DE – In his weekly message, Governor Markell highlights the work done in the state to ensure all of our students have the skills they need to be competitive in an economy that requires more skills than ever before.
Date Posted: Friday, July 22nd, 2016
Categories: News Transcripts
All Delaware students deserve the chance to make the most of their talents in an economy that requires a higher level of skill than ever before. Thanks to the hard work of many educators and administrators, we are getting closer to that goal, from vast improvement in access to high quality early childhood programs, to record high school graduation rates. And after just two years, our Pathways to Prosperity program is giving thousands of students the opportunity to earn college credit and workplace experience in high-demand industries like IT, engineering, and health care.
Date Posted: Friday, July 15th, 2016
Categories: Kent County New Castle County Sussex County Weekly Message
Wilmington, DE – In his weekly message, Governor Markell honors the life of Tim McClanahan.
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[caption id="attachment_5722" align="aligncenter" width="400" caption="Army Staff Sergeant First Class Chris Livesay, a member of 5th Special Forces Group, prepares to line up a shot during the ranking round May 18, 2011. (Photo: Samantha L. Quigley / USO)"][/caption]
The 18 members of the Special Operations team view their team's last minute addition to the Warrior Games as a welcome challenge! Though only having a few weeks to practice together, they're already proving to be a formidable force in the competition.
"I shot my gun [to train with] for the first time two days ago, but I've had some prior experience," said Staff Sergeant Peter Quintalla with a sly grin. He went on to discuss his anticipation of the events ahead.
"I'm excited [about] bringing the whole wounded warrior community together," he added. "It's the first time Special Ops has had their own team. It's great to hang out with all the other branches and have some bonding time."
Captain Ivan Castro, whose cycling and running in the track and field events, shares his teammate's excitement.
"It's awesome that we can get all these wounded service members all together and celebrate sportsmanship, but most of all pushing our limits and showing the nation what we're all about … showing what were made of," he said. "I know there'll be some trash talking, some rivalry between the services, as always, but at the end of the day were all Americans, we all bleed red, and it's all about pushing each other and the pride of being here. I hope to have a great time and make some new friends."
Castro, blinded by a mortar attack in Iraq in 2006, remains on active duty and continues to inspire.
I think it's safe to say the last minute addition of the Special Operations team was a welcome one! – Vyque White, USO
More from the USO
Jul 29, 2016
Military Bride-to-Be Says Yes to the Dress Thanks to the USO at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
As soon as Melissa Wrisley put on the satin white gown, she knew it was "the dress." Just a few months earlier, when she was first engaged to her now-husband, Marine Pfc. Brandon Wrisley, Melissa was wondering if she would even be able to find a dress – let alone a designer dress – that would fit their tight wedding budget.


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Keokuk Municipal Waterworks Trustee Mike Hickey, recently received Southeastern Community College's Distinguished Alumni Award
Read the complete article at www.dailygate.com
Department updates, water-main breaks, shut-downs, leaks, and any misc. announcement can be found here!
Updated: Monday-Friday
during regular business hours:
8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
Keokuk Waterworks Takes Preventative Measures Against Lead
Keokuk Municipal Waterworks is paying close attention to what unfolded in Flint, Michigan, and our thoughts are with all those who are struggling without access to safe and reliable water in their homes. In North America, no one should have to question the safety of water at the tap.
Lead seldom occurs naturally in water supplies like rivers and lakes. Lead enters the drinking water primarily as a result of the corrosion or wearing away of materials containing lead in the water distribution system and household plumbing. These materials include lead based solder, brass and chrome plated brass faucets and lead pipes. Lead is a metal that is found in natural deposits. The greatest exposure to lead is from swallowing paint chips containing lead or breathing in lead paint dust. Older homes may also have lead service lines on the customer's property that connect to Keokuk Waterworks main lines.
Keokuk Waterworks treats the water with a phosphate chemical additive to minimize lead from leaching from plumbing fixtures and solder. Phosphates help reduce lead and copper levels by minimizing corrosion, scale, and forming a barrier in the distribution system. "Ortho" or "Poly" phosphates, used either alone or blended together are able to stabilize water quality and minimize color, scale, deposits, and corrosion in drinking water systems. To reduce possible lead exposure, flush your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes and use cold water for drinking and cooking purposes. Please contact Keokuk Municipal Waterworks if you suspect lead in your tap at 524-5285 or contact State Hygienic Laboratory at 515-725-1600 for home lead test.
For more information
EPA Regulation on Lead and Copper: http://www.epa.gov/dwreginfo/lead-and-copper-rule
Keokuk Consumer Confidence Report: https://keokukmunicipalwaterworks.wildapricot.org/Consumer-Confidence-Report-(CCR)
Bill Cole Receives First Innovation Award
Please see below article on Bill's Award:
Photo Credits: Bill Cole, Steve Johnston, Sherri Samuels, Jim Maddox, JS, & Google Images (labeled for re-use no restrictions)


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Click here to apply for Shadowbriar's STEAM magnet program
HISD representatives traveled to the White House on July 22 to participate in "Rethink School Discipline," a convening on how to improve school discipline policies and practices.
Shadowbriar and Mading elementary schools took fourth-grade students on college visits recently.
Your guide to the 2016-2017 budget process
See the latest results on our customer satisfaction survey
It's never too soon to start planning for graduation
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It seems that whenever an actor takes on a famous face in history — or even a lesser-known person with a great true story — it only ups the chances of taking home Oscar gold. Leonardo DiCaprio was recently added to the long list of actors who have taken home an award for playing a real person, thanks to his role in The Revenant. There are many more among the Hollywood elite who have won a statue for spot-on portrayals of real people (so many that we can't even list them all here!), but take a peek at this short list of memorable performances.
— Additional reporting by Shannon Vestal and Kelsie Gibson
Image Source: Everett Collection


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...Physics is different things to different people. As a body of knowledge, it's the collection of experimentally verifiable ideas about how the objective world works. As a course, it can be stimulating, but also frustratingly elusive.
Brooklyn, NYView Tutor
...I am also a jazz pianist - I love making, recording, and listening to music and gig semi-professionally. I also love walking around New York City, art, video games, yoga... I can also solve a Rubik's Cube and happy to demonstrate :)I've been a jazz pianist and musician most my life and have stu...
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New York, NYView Tutor


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How To Lose A Girl In 30 Seconds
Here are five tips to help you increase your chances of at least surviving the first 30 seconds. After that, you're on your own.
Here are five tips to help you increase your chances of at least surviving the first 30 seconds. After that, you're on your own.
Question: Fifty percent of American women say they lose interest in a guy on the first date if he has this. What is it?
Rihanna recently visited the "Ellen Show" and opened up about her dating life, or there lack of. The singer has been riding on cloud-9 as of late...she was a winner at Sunday night's AMAs, she has two songs climbing the charts ("We Found Love and "You Da One") and her highly anticipated new album, Talk That Talk dropped Monday. Yet, not everything is "grand" in the life of RiRi. Hear what the pop icon says is missing in her life, and hear first hand about the sacrifices she has had to make in order to be so successful in the business.
'American Idol' winner Jordin Sparks and singer Jason Derulo had their official coming-out as a couple on Sunday night when they attended Derulo's belated 22nd birthday party together in Hollywood.
In a recent study, it was found that ladies prefer to date guys that are six years their senior...yes, ladies want older men in their lives!!! WhatsYourPrice, a dating site that lets singles buy and sell first dates, conducted a five month study, and found that the first dates on their site show that ladies are taking out older men, rather than men their age or younger.
Part of being a celebrity is constantly being the subject of many rumors. One rumor that keeps springing back to life involves Ludacris and singer Ciara.
According to reports, Ciara and Ludacris are an item right now. The rumors started after the songstress and the rapper were spotted at a nightclub together. Apparently, Luda and CiCi were out and about the next morning to pose for pictures, too.
One of the longest running debates has been what to do and what not to do on a first date. While it may be different in male versus female, I think both sexes have responsibilities when it comes to being on the first date. I will highlight just a few of the responsibilities I see for males and females. See if you agree.
Tiger Woods is apparently back on the dating scene.
According to the Daily Mail, the disgraced golfer is now dating Alyse Lahti Johnston, a 22-year-old (yep, 22) student from Cleveland, Ohio. The relationship has reportedly been going on for a few months now, and sources say Woods -- who is 13 years Johnston's senior -- is "smitten" with her.
Tonight's "Hot Topic Of The Night" has to do with "that talk" most couples have at the begining of their relationship.


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Forint Bond Yields May Fall More, New Equilor Fund Unit Says
Hungarian bond yields may fall further as the government keeps the budget deficit in check and negotiates an International Monetary Fund bailout, according to the fund management unit started this month by broker Equilor.
The yield on Hungary's benchmark five-year bonds fell to a 11-month low of 7.1 percent yesterday, compared with 10.8 percent in January. Foreigners' holdings of local currency-denominated bonds and bills rose to a record 4.73 trillion forint ($21 billion) yesterday, which may help the securities gain further, Zsolt Pillar, chief executive officer of Equilor Alapkezelo, said in an interview at his office in Budapest yesterday.
Hungarian assets have rallied as Prime Minister Viktor Orban's government started talks on an IMF aid package last month. The government cut spending and took over privately-managed pension assets last year to bring the deficit below the European Union's 3 percent of gross domestic product limit for the first time since Hungary joined the bloc in 2004.
"The bond market in Hungary is very exciting and offers good returns," Pillar said, adding that the government has managed to keep the deficit from exceeding "critical" levels. "I am not expecting too negative a scenario in Hungarian bonds. There may be further room for yields to go downward."
Equilor's fund unit, which is 90 percent owned by the brokerage and 10 percent by Pillar, is starting with 8.5 billion forint under management, which he plans to increase to about 15 billion forint by the end of 2013.
The five-year bond yields rose three basis points to 7.133 percent and the forint weakened 0.4 percent to 278.31 per euro by 4:26 p.m. in Budapest, bringing its decline this week to 0.2 percent.


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6 reviews | 4.3 out of 5
Seriously not worth buying it!! Dont waste your money!!!
The movie didnt play on my laptop neither in my dvd player!!!!!! The cover wasnt the like the one on the walmart.com website...
Fantastic - Antonio Banderas is absolutely great and Johnny Depp provides a super performance.
A bit more gory than Desperado but keeps one on the edge of their seat!