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London Black Atheists Message Board › London Black Atheists Main Discussion Forum › Breaking the Taboo of Atheism in Black Communities: the video is out!
user 11060735
London, GB
Here it is and what a great job everyone involved has done! Let's go all out to promote this - Leo Igwe has done us proud.
user 3399980
London, GB
Very interesting video and record of a significant event. A great beginning. Again, well done y'all. Tip mi hat to ya.
But ...
... and there is a 'but' ...
Seems to me it was really more about 'Breaking the Taboo of Atheism in AFRICAN Communities', which I have no problem with, but feel it should perhaps be billed as such. Otherwise (which seems to be the case very regularly) those who are not 'black' (African Diaspora) are inclined to assume that we are all inhabitants of the same country named 'black' and encounter the same issues. Sometimes we need to be more specific.
I didn't recognise myself (an African, descended through the Caribbean) or any of my friends and family throughout his presentation about 'black' communities. And, was dismayed, that in replication of my history lessons within the British education system he swept over trans-atlantic slavery, only in his presentation he didn't base it upon sugar or cane for a change. But was glad that in his summation, Leo Igwe did finally do a country check (i.e. Africa: Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, Nigeria, Uganda). Confirmation that it was about Africa and direct African descendants within society.
Also, just a tiny nigling thing, the Northern Ireland issue has less to do with religion than it has to do with a political movement against English colonisation, land grabbing and control.
I look forward to the next speaker, and the hope that there will be recognition of post slavery 'black' communities since the UK, Caribbean, North and South America is full ah we.
|Stephen Y.
user 59793382
London, GB
Thanks Heather.
I just watched the video and must say that you guys did a great job. Very professional. Clive and Lola, you two were excellent in answering the audience questions with intelligent clarity and showed great courage. I will be sharing this with as many people as possible to hopefully get the message out there that its ok to be black and an atheist.
We all evolved as mammals in Africa on this small planet and need to to look beyond our minor differences that divide us.
I think a lot of work still needs to be done in that regard and this is just the beginning. But it's a start and we need to start somewhere. Lets see how far we can go from here, by sharing this video with as many people you can.
Edited by Stephen Yarde on Apr 9, 2013 12:23 PM
|Sue M
London, GB
Congratulations to all concerned. LBA will have done a great service to British Secular humanism if it manages to return British Humanism to its role as part of the natural atheist, secularist and humanists alliance that is not afraid to openly analyse, criticise and oppose the effects of religion and other superstitions. BHA humanism has languished for far too long in a stifling fog of 'Sea of Faith' apologetics that belie its activism of the 60's & 70's. As was said at the start of the meeting, people leave religion when people see the contradictions of religious claims - clearly articulated by atheist, secular-humanists.
Atheists IMO should be able to clearly articulate the reasons for their atheism and anti-theism.
Edited by Sue M on Apr 18, 2013 6:34 PM
|Josh K.
London, GB
For those who may not know much about the BHA:
AIMS - http://humanism.org.u...
VALUES - http://humanism.org.u...
|Clive A.
user 48030052
Group Organizer
London, GB
MyTimeThisTime you are absolutely right it was a talk about 'Breaking the Taboo of Atheism in AFRICAN Communities'. The panel on stage were:
Leo Igwe - Nigerian
Lola Tinubu - Nigerian
Clive Aruede - Nigerian
Are you beginning to see a pattern? If any of the panellists had spoken about what it is like to be a Caribbean, it would have been a big lie or at best a guess.
It has been said before and it is worth repeating that we are all Africans (i.e. genetically every human being on the planet can trace their ancient ancestry back to the Afar Valley in Ethiopia). However that is not what we are talking about here. People of Ancient African Descent feel they have no reason to call themselves African. That is understandable. It takes about 20,000 years for skin colour for example to adapt to new environments and change from the typical dark hue of an African to e.g. the light colour of European skin. In that 20,000 years all connection to an African ancestry is lost.
People of Recent Historical African Descent who still have an African appearance do not usually like to call themselves African. That is also understandable. The Africans who ended up in the Caribbean have a different experience from those who were still in Africa, similarly the Africans who ended up in the Americas, North and South, have a different experience yet again. So when we talk about the Black Communities it is not possible for one person to talk about all these African experiences as an insider, he cannot have experienced them all. A Nigerian will always be on the outside looking in to the Caribbean or American experience. It is therefore incumbent on the Caribbean or American to get up on stage and enlighten us as to their experience. No one else can do it.
So MyTimeThisTime when the opportunity next arises (and it may be here soon), will you get up on that stage and give us the authentic Caribbean experience and point of view? In other words the next speaker that you are looking forward to who will recognise post slavery black communities, could be you.
I think the late great Peter Tosh put the whole thing best in the song African with the lyrics: So don't care where you come from, as long as you're a black man, you're an African!
user 3399980
London, GB
Yes we are ALL Africans - to a point. Some of us are closer to Africa than others, and I do think the Caribbean may be closer than the US. As an English Caribbean (Trini & Kittiican descent) of African origin my experience is different again. LBA can't be all things to all people, it would be impossible.
I think you've misunderstood what I was saying, perhaps I didn't express myself clearly. I don't have a problem with the talk directly relating to the African (Nigerian) experience. I think it's a good thing. But, I do think that we assume too often that all audience members will be able to make the distinction between different 'black' communities. I'm not sure that they're able to see that different communities have different issues. I just think it could sometimes be clarified who EXACTLY is being discussed. Perhaps at the beginning of the talk, or in the title of the event, be more specific. That's all.
As for ME getting up on stage ... well, I'm camera shy. And .... not sure whether my experience as a born atheist, who continues to be an atheist is really a story, other than the frustration I've encountered when speaking to theists and some non theists, especially when they've been totally shocked by my atheist reveal.
Edited by MyTime_ThisTime on Apr 11, 2013 11:25 AM
|Clive A.
user 48030052
Group Organizer
London, GB
Hackney Citizen newspaper has printed an article about the Leo Igwe event.
Adam Barnett, the journalist who interviewed Leo Igwe and wrote the newspaper article also posted a longer version of the article on his blog. Incidently Adam Barnett is an LBA member.
user 3399980
London, GB
Hackney Citizen newspaper has printed an article about the Leo Igwe event.
Great article, excellent exposure. Seems Leo Igwe's UK visit is having a major impact.
Again, well done y'all.
Onwards and upwards!
|David W.
user 8499504
London, GB
Here is a brilliant video of ordinary black people in america in 1968, air thair everyday opinions about the vietnam war.
There are parallels that are important to our own time.
This is the style and nature of the debates within our communites in the Black and BME Communities that must and need to happen now, when it comes to adopting Atheism, Humanism, Secularism or dare I say agnostic. Of course the language is of its time and things have evolved because of the political sensibilties have changed over time, but the same issues that affect the Black Diaspora are style prevelent.
It was beautiful to hear these ordinary black people to air opinion that were not cliche and still very relvent to day.
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NFL: History of the Washington Redskins
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This is a great dvd set of the Washington Redskins! Now, if NFL Networks would only produce the Minnesota Vikings, the Houston Oilers, the Buffalo Bills and the San Diego Chargers "History of", I would be in football heaven!!
Great item! Go buy!
The first part of each documentary deals with regular season play, and features all 28 teams (pre-expansion), with no particular focus on the Redskins until the playoffs. There is particularly good coverage of the '86 Saints, '91 Falcons and the '82 and '91 Cowboys. The best and slickest presentation is reserved for the '91 season.
- Tremendous Cowboy sack on Joe Theismann from the '82 season.
- Darrell Green returning a punt for a touchdown in an NFC playoff against Chicago in a freezing Soldier Field. Walter Payton's last game.
- Second Quarter of Superbowl XXII, of course, when the Redskins score 35 unanswered points.
- The Lions' Barry Sanders scoring a classic TD against the Cowboys in an NFC playoff game.
- Great blocking and tackling throughout from the Redskins. See (and hear) the great Jim Kelly get manhandled and mauled in Super Bowl XXVII.
- Short ten-minute film about NFL legend Coach Joe Gibbs, the man who changed the NFC East. According to the late Will McDonough, when Bill Parcels became head coach for the New York Giants he decided to increase the size of his linemen in direct response to what Gibbs was doing in Washington. Later Dallas did the same thing, as they also had to face Washington at least twice a year. These 300 plus pound linemen helped the NFC East win eight (and counting) Super Bowls since 1983.
Lowlights (minor quibbles):
- Warning to New York fans: the Giants are probably the least visible team in this DVD set. This is strange considering they were defending Super Bowl champions in the '87 and '91 seasons.Read more ›
All three documentaries have the same structure. Each runs an hour. The first half details the entire season as a whole. Most of the notable teams of that year are given at least a mention and the compelling story-lines are given plenty of discussion. As the season and playoffs progress, teams fall by the wayside, leaving us with only two.
The second half of each documentary is focused solely on that season's Super Bowl with most important plays and stories described in typical NFL Films style. If you've ever watched ESPN at an odd time of day, you'll almost sure to have seen an NFL Films production of this kind. You know the sort of thing: grainy film of a pig-skin flying through the air in a perfect spiral; slow motion, low angle footage of players taking the field; John Facenda speaking in reverential tones of the frozen tundra of Lambeau Field.
In addition to the Super Bowl seasons, there are four mini-documentaries ranging in length from four and a half to nine minutes each. "The Fun Bunch" looks at the style of touchdown celebration used by Redskin players in the days before the No Fun League really began to crack down on the display of any human emotion. "John Riggins" and "Doug Williams" document the careers of those two star athletes with the latter focusing on the history of Williams being the first black quarterback to start in a Super Bowl.Read more ›
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A very condensed review of the history of the Washington Redskins a good watch for die hard Redskins fansPublished 6 months ago by Jenelle A. Brennan
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It took six sets, but with two more wins Friday at the FIVB Phuket Open in Thailand, Americans Jen Kessy and April Ross remained unbeaten this week and moved into the semifinals.
Their day began with a beat down in Round 3, as they were on the wrong side of a 21-11 game against No. 7 Kristyna Kolocova and Marketa Slukova of the Czech Republic. But the second-seeded duo bounced back to hand the Czechs a defeat in the second set by the same score, then took the decider, 15-9.
Kessy and Ross won the first game of their fourth round matchup with 19th-seeded Australians Louise Bawden and Becchara Palmer, but the Aussies took game two before the Americans again prevailed in the decider (21-19, 18-21, 15-11).
The victories put Kessy and Ross into an FIVB World Tour semifinal for the first time since the end of July, when they took silver at the Stare Jablonki Grand Slam in Poland. Overall, it's their seventh final four in 14 events this summer. Also into Phuket's semis with four wins are top-seeded Chinese pair Xue Chen and Zhang Xi, who have yet to drop even a game in Thailand.
Their foes in the semis will be determined Saturday as six other teams remain in the hunt. Among them are 11th-seeded Americans Lauren Fendrick and Brooke Hanson, who won three matches in the contender's bracket after going 1-1 on Thursday.
The U.S. pair began with a three-set win over No. 21 Zara Dampney and Shauna Mullin of Great Britain (22-20, 20-22, 15-11), then eliminated the No. 3 seed, Brazilian sisters Carolina and Maria Salgado (21-18, 15-21, 20-18). The Americans closed the day with a straight sets win over eighth-seeded Australians Natalie Cook and Tamsin Hinchley (21-13, 21-17).
Fendrick and Hanson will take on 18th-seeded Canadians Heather Bansley and Elizabeth Maloney on Saturday morning, with the winner advancing to take on Bawden and Palmer for a berth in the semifinals. That winner would face Xue and Zhang.
Fendrick and Hanson are looking for their third FIVB semifinal appearance of the season after taking fourth at the first two stops of the summer.
Kessy and Ross' final four foes will come from fifth-seeded Italians Greta Cicolari and Marta Menegatti taking on sixth-seeded Brazilians Vivian Cunha and Taiana Lima, with the winner of that match facing No. 12 Katrien Gielen and Liesbeth Mouha of Belgium for a spot in the semis. Kessy and Ross are looking for their third career title in Phuket, after winning gold in 2008 and 2009.
Phuket is a women's-only event and will feature the semifinals on Saturday, followed by the medal matches on Sunday.


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Lost In Jungle Studio by Ruterra
Nombre max. de visiteurs4
Salles de bain1
Surface30 m²
- Cuisine
- Adapté aux familles/enfants
- Animaux acceptés
- Machine à laver/sèche-linge
- Internet/WIFI
|Cimburkova, 130 00 Prague, République tchèque
|Type de logement
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|Taux d'acceptation
|Temps de réponse
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Apartment by itself is good decorated and has everything what you need to enjoy your trip in Prague.
Apartment consist of :
•Double bed
•Pull out sofa for 2 people,
•Dinner table, wardrobe,
•TV with local channels,
•Fully equipped kitchen with plates, cutlery, glasses, cooking utensils, fridge, microwave oven, Coffee maker, toaster.
•Bathroom with shower unit, WC, washing machine, hairdryer, iron and ironing board.
Guest Access
Also we provide:
*Towels and bed linens
*iron, ironing board
*washing machine
*good recommendations where to go and what to see in Prague
*24 hours support during your stay
The Neighborhood
Apartment is located in Prague 3 district Zizkov. Žižkov is today one of the most popular up and coming neighborhoods in Prague and is home to many expatriates. Žižkov sights you can reach easily walking inlude:
* 10 minutes - the Television Tower decorated with giant crawling babies( you should definitely go there, there is a such an amazing view over the city on top of the tower)
*10-15 minutes Palac Akropolis ( for night life)
* 10 minutes the National Monument with a massive equestrian statue of Jan Žižka
*also many beautiful parks, the evocative Olšany Cemetery, the New Jewish Cemetery, the Prague University of Economics and much more within walking distance.
*15 – 20 minutes Wenceslas square
Other Things to Note
It takes 30 minutes to get to your apartment from airport by taxi. We can organize a transfer from the airport directly to the apartment - The cost of this service is 20 EUR/car for 1-3 ppl, and 25 EUR/car for 4 ppl. In this case our driver will meet you in the arrival zone, drive you to your apartment and hand you in all needed maps and keys.
Parking is not included in price, but no worries about it, when you will arrive we will explain you all details about parking and show you where you can park your car, for the lowest price. The nearest public parking is located on the Prokopova str. and parking costs 12 eur/day (weekends and nights are for free)
- Please leave the apartment in the same condition as you found it. All bed linen/tea towels and other textile as well.
- Check-in from 15h00 (we will do our best to prepare your apartment as soon as possible) and check-out until 11h00 (you can leave your luggage in our office afterwards)
- We kindly ask you not to make any noise in the hallways and other common areas in the house after 22h00. There are many old people in the house and we have promised the neighbors to keep the peace and maintain friendly relations.
We love our guests so much that we provide them with a welcome set consisting of tea, coffee, sugar, detergent (dishwasher and washing machine), hair&body 2in1 shampoo, kitchen utensils, towels and bed linen.
- If you stay in our apartment for more than 7 days – we will clean and change towels/linen once a week for free.
- If you break something, please tell us. It happens, life is life :)
Thank you for understanding.
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Very clean and convenient apartment.
We were very comfortable here and had no real issues. There is no living area so everyone is congregated in the kitchen. However you are in Prague to see the sights and not sit in the flat.
Would happily stay there again.
The women in the office were very helpful.
The hosts were very accommodating and helpful in planning our trip. They even made arrangements to pick us up from the airport, which was a great help since none of us were familiar with the area. There was some confusion with the initial encounter to get the keys, but that was mainly due to communication barriers. Emil was very nice and had maps and suggestions for places to go to eat, shop, etc... For the apartment itself, you couldn't beat the location. It was very central to everything, so for that reason the place was ideal. The apartment was nice, though the building, entry, and stairwell were in severe need of some cleaning and painting. The initial entrance into the building was a bit worrisome and we were concerned that the apartment was going to be in the same condition. It was obvious that there was some renovation occurring in the building so that contributed to the conditions. Once inside the apartment, it looked very much like the pictures online. The decor was nice and there was plenty of room throughout the apartment. There was a loft area that had a large living area and two bedrooms, as well as a bedroom on the first floor. The sofas upstairs and downstairs could also be used for sleeping. It would be a great find for those traveling to Prague with multiple people. There is only one bathroom, though. I would definitely rent this place again, but hope that the renovations to the building improved the overall look of the place. Overall, it was a good experience.
The apartment and its location were very nice and welcoming. Olga welcomed us in her office and gave great advise for sightseeing and hidden treasures of Prague. We enjoyed our stay very much!
Nice place , clean and best area
The host cancelled the booking, this review is automated.
Lovely Flat and nice furnished and very clean, not even 5 minutes from Wencelas Square, Old Town within walking distance.
The landlords are really nice and give you loads of hints and advices.
the appartement has a convenient price but It lacks of tableware and some leaks appeared in the roof the raining days. No elevator (but second floor)
Very nice flat with short way to the City. Also Transfer from Airport was very easy.
An incredible flat, and amazing city! We had a really good time and we enjoyed it so much :)
Dear Emil and Olga,
We had a fantastic time in Prague and we were satisfied with the accommodation. The location was very good and the flat was clean, comfortable and well equipped. There is only a minor issue I would like to call your attention to. We received some recommendation from Olga for restaurants, which was very kind of her. However the restaurant called Beer Museum is a place I would never recommend to anyone. Both the food,and the service were terrible. There are so many nice places in Prague but unfortunately this is not one of them.
On the whole, Prague was a fantastic experience. Thank you.
Best regards,
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Solar Fake
What can you expect from two people on stage? Everything! Entertainment, lots of drive, dancing, fun, loud music, an unforgettable evening! And what cant you expect? Embarrassing situations, such as "Now all the girls sing along (alternatively 'only the right side' / 'the centre fifth' / 'every other member of the audience in the side row from front to back, but only one word') " or "And now lets all sit down". SOLAR FAKE have earned themselves a large following at numerous festivals and as support act for the likes of VNV Nation, Covenant, Project Pitchfork and Peter Heppner, and these days their own shows are a definite must for every self-respecting electro fan.


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Next Slideshow:
Photos: Dump truck driver rams front gate of Pittsburgh FBI building
Over 25,000 people took part in the 2012 Pittsburgh Marathon in very warm weather conditions. Here's a look at photos from across the course route. You can also look through photos sent in by other WTAE.com users.


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A Neighborhood of Infinity: Quine Central
Dan Piponi has a very cool article on nth degree quines on his blog. It's much more understandable than his fascinating but mostly over-my-head postings which I read often, only to be struck by serious feelings of inadequacy.
My speech bot, using irclib.py
Okay, revamped the basic idea, now using the irclib, which in spite of a lack of documentation, actually proved to be pretty easy to use. You should be able to figure out what it does, and modify it to use your own nicks and channel.
#!/usr/bin/env python import sys import os import optparse import irclib network = "irc.freenode.net" port = 6667 channel = "#somechannel" nick = "SomeNick" name = "SomeNick is a bot." irc = irclib.IRC() server = irc.server() server.connect(network, port, nick, ircname = name) server.join(channel) lastspeaker = None def handlePubMessage(connection, event): global lastspeaker target = event.target() speaker = event.source().split('!')[0] msg = event.arguments()[0] print target, ">", speaker, ":", msg p = os.popen("festival --tts", "w") if speaker != lastspeaker: p.write(speaker + " says ") p.write(msg) p.close() lastspeaker = speaker irc.add_global_handler('pubmsg', handlePubMessage) irc.process_forever()


text: 000 AWUS81 KRNK 232053 RWSRNK NCZ001>006-018>020-VAZ007-009>020-022>024-032>035-043>047-058-059- WVZ042>044-507-508-240900- Weather Summary for SW VA...SE WV...and NW NC National Weather Service Blacksburg VA 453 PM EDT Sat Jul 23 2016 .WEATHER SUMMARY... Heat was the name of the game on Saturday, as Mostly clear skies prevailed in the early morning hours. This allowed temperatures to soar, surpassing the 90 degree mark in many spots by the middle of Saturday afternoon, including the city of Blacksburg, Virginia who saw its first 90 plus degree day since July, 2012. Winds remained light and variable throughout the region, with limited cloudcover due to the warm air aloft preventing widespread shower and storm development. .FORECAST SUMMARY... Strong high pressure continues to build over the region resulting in high heat and humidity through the weekend. Heat index values between 100 and 105 degrees could occur east of the mountains into Sunday afternoon. An isolated shower or storm will be possible mainly across the mountains over the weekend, otherwise, dry weather is expected. Highs will range from 85 to 90 across the mountains, to the mid and upper 90s in the Piedmont. $$


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Answering the question "what I'm working on". Lately, it's been Flash banner ad animations which started out a bit out of my comfort zone (but I dig a good challenge). After about 30 of them, it's become much easier—I'm used to seeing stationary items on a web page or mobile device, but am now thinking about timing, flow, and positioning much more. That said, my appreciation for video editing and animation has raised considerably. If that's a skill you possess—many, many props are being digitally sent to you at this moment.
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Financing your college education will require budgeting and careful planning on your part, but is an investment in your future that far outweighs the cost. Financial aid can be a combination of scholarships, grants, loans, and waivers.
Internal Financial Aid Options
College of Nursing
The College of Nursing provides a limited number of internal scholarships and fellowships. The deadline for completing an online Graduate Fellowship/Scholarship Application or Undergraduate Scholarship Application is May 27, 2016. All supporting documents must be sent to email@example.com by the deadline to be considered for an award.
View the following guides for additional information when submitting your scholarship/fellowship:
Texas A&M University
Texas A&M University provides scholarships to all types of students. View the TAMU Scholarship page for specific deadlines and for further details.
External Financial Aid Options
There are numerous scholarships available to nursing students. Outside scholarship sources include government/military sponsored, business sponsored, ethnicity/minority, practice area, state, federal, corporations, and local area clubs and organizations. Each fund is administered differently and can vary as to criteria for selection, availability of funds, and application requirements. HRSA offers a Faculty Loan Repayment Program for those seeking a career as a faculty member in a health professions school.
NURSE Corps Scholarship Program offers resources for RN to BSN and NP students to receive funding. The application opens each year in March and is offered through HRSA.
The list that follows provides a few of the resources to help you begin the search.


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Unfinished Swan dated and priced for PSN Europe
The Unfinished Swan developer Giant Sparrow and publisher Sony have revealed that the game is hitting PSN this month. More details below.
Over at PS Blog EU, the studio announced an October 24th release date, along with a £9.99 price tag. PS Plus subscribers get it earlier, on October 17th.
It's a first person game that takes place in a purely white world. You must throw globs of paint around to colour the scenery and find your way around. It's rather special. Check out the video below:
Sometimes we include links to online retail stores. If you click on one and make a purchase we may receive a small commission. For more information, go here.


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Word Abacus FREE
Por TLogic.de
Abre iTunes para comprar y descargar Apps.
Test your word pool in this addictive word puzzle game! Find English words by linking adjacent letter beads left, right, up, or down. Shift the letter beads like an abacus to increase word possibilities.
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Novedades de la versión 1.5
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Compatibilidad: Requiere iOS 4.3 o posterior. Compatible con iPhone, iPad y iPod touch.
Top compras dentro de la app
- No-Ads-UpgradeUSD 1.99


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|Alan J. Pakula
|Meryl Streep, Kevin Kline
|Supporting actors
|Peter MacNicol, Rita Karin, Stephen D. Newman, Greta Turken, Josh Mostel, Marcell Rosenblatt, Moishe Rosenfeld, Robin Bartlett, Eugene Lipinski, John Rothman, Joseph Leon, David Wohl, Nina Polan, Alexander Sirotin, Armand Dahan, Joseph Tobin, Cortez Nance, Günther Maria Halmer
|BBFC rating
|Suitable for 15 years and over
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|Stream instantly Details
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Took me a while to get into this film but once I did I thoroughly enjoyed it.
My conclusion about the choice Sophie had to make was incorrect so that was a bit of a surprise... Read more
My opinion is that this film was ok but the three way relationship odd to say the least. THe young man should have run for the hills at the first opportunity. Read morePublished 3 months ago by Val G
Having read William Styron's book I went into the film with trepidation; even with that superb cast and knowing how well received it is, I couldn't imagine how something would ever... Read morePublished 3 months ago by Laura K
I love Meryl Streep and I was looking forward to watch this film, but I really didn't like it.
Anyway, delivery was fine and the dvd was in perfect conditions.


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YARN REGISTRY – I am a professional indexer. I write the indexes in the backs of books.
"If you go to a history book and you just want to read about the Gettysburg Address, go to the index and look up "Gettysburg Address." That's what an index is. I make that. I read the book and pull out the things that go into the index, and I write the index."Click here to read more >>
Art and performance converge at YSKP's "Off the Wall"
For its second project of the summer, the YS Kids Playhouse will present "Off the Wall," in partnership with the Springfield Museum of Art.[More]
Community Band to wrap up summer season
The YS Community Band will present the final concert of the summer season on Saturday, July 30, noon, in Kings Yard.[More]
Blog-Take Comfort
I say my lines on cue and keep out of the way or figure out what it means to bring ease.[More]
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Music for music's sake: Piano Fest to continue
The second concert of the Yellow Springs Piano Fest will be held Sunday, July 24, 7 p.m., in the Herndon Gallery at Antioch College.
Friends Music Campers make music for Glen
A couple of busloads of young campers and adult staff from Friends Music Camp are set to arrive in town Saturday, July 30, for the camp's annual concert to benefit Glen Helen.
The Bard, back under the stars at Antioch College
Yellow Springs and Antioch College were once known around the world for a precedent-setting outdoor Shakespeare festival. This month, that tradition is being revived — in a small way, but with the hope of bigger things to come.
Village Schools (archives)
June 9 Yellow Springs School Board— School leaders travel to High Tech High
While school may be out for students, teachers and administrators are hard at work preparing for a successful 2016–2017 school year. In recent weeks district personnel visited High Tech High in San Diego.
Mills Lawn School 'Buddy bench' project ensures a place for everyone
A group of students at Mills Lawn School installed a new feature on the K–2 playground recently that they anticipate will help their classmates enjoy a happier and friendlier recess time.
Into the future
The Yellow Springs High School Class of 2016 was honored at commencement ceremonies May 26, at the high school gym.
Economy (archives)
Sift through OATS for some eclectic home décor
The newest store on the downtown Xenia Avenue strip brings an eclectic mix of mostly home décor items that combine a sense of old and new.
Yellow Springs Brewery purchases bowling alley
Nate Cornett and Lisa Wolters had a plan when they opened Yellow Springs Brewery three years ago, but things haven't exactly worked out. They hoped to grow their business, of course, but at a rate they could keep up with.
Plan, curtail for climate goals
Villagers Faith Morgan and Pat Murphy believe planning a personal energy budget and curtailing personal energy use are the essential actions individuals can take to help slow global warming.
Village Life (archives)
Council OKs CBE land timeline
Village Council hopes to move ahead soon with extending infrastructure to the property formerly intended for the Center for Business and Education, or CBE, in order to make the land more attractive for development.
Living, learning in the real world
Meet Alexandra Scott: event planner, poet, activist, coffeehouse lover, future entrepreneur, villager.
New on the streets of Yellow Springs, Pokémon Go
While the sight of people walking and staring down at their phones may be a sign of our smart phone-obsessed times, walking around and staring at a phone in service of catching cute little monsters is a relatively new phenomenon.
Government (archives)
CBE land to return to Village
The 35-acre parcel of land at the center of the controversial Center for Business and Education, or CBE, will soon be returned to the Village, according to a representative from Community Resources.
Swim lessons begin soon at Gaunt Park
Registration is now open for swim lessons at the Gaunt Park Pool. Swim lessons will be held Monday–Thursday, Aug. 1–11.
Yellow Springs police officer is dismissed
A newly hired police officer who sparked controversy in two recent village incidents by using what some saw as excessive force has been terminated from the police force.
Obituaries (archives)
Elizabeth 'Mickey' Harwood
Elizabeth Harwood died late Saturday night, July 16, 2016, in Springfield, Ohio, following a battle against cancer. She was 82 years old.
Elizabeth (Mickey) Harwood
Elizabeth (Mickey) Harwood died on Saturday, July 16, 2016, in Springfield.
Melva Jane McCuddy
Melva Jane McCuddy died on June 30 at Springfield Regional Medical Center. She was 91.
Higher Education (archives)
Antioch University considers building sale
As part of cost-cutting efforts, Antioch University leaders are looking into the best ways to make use of AU's physical facilities on their five regional campuses.
Antioch College receives accreditation
Antioch College President Tom Manley got the word around 1 p.m. this past Monday. An email showed up in his inbox from the Higher Learning Commission, or HLC. It contained the biggest of big news.
Antioch College's cohousing gets green light
Antioch College Village is another step closer to reality. The college's board of trustees voted last month to launch a 32-unit cohousing pilot project, the first phase of a larger vision for developing environmentally sustainable, multigenerational housing on campus.
Sports (archives)
Pirates are champs of Minor League
They led wire to wire, leaving no doubt that 2016 was their year to shine. And shine they did, as the Tom's Market Pirates last week clinched the 2016 Minor League Championship.
The mysterious ways of T-ball
Julia Camard, 2, came to the tee and picked up the ball, taking it off the tee, and reached for the one I held in my right hand. "Okay," I said, and switched balls with her.
Birthday madness at T-ball
What is truly remarkable about this T-ball program? It is the kids themselves.


text:
The Grinder is full of creepy crawlies to annihilate
The Grinder, High Voltage's Wii-exclusive FPS has you fighting against loads of creatures like zombies, vampires, and werewolves as a professional monster hunter.
D'toid got a brief hands on with the game at E3, and describe it as having a bit of a "southwestern almost cowboy kind of feel" to it, and the demo had over 150 enemies on-screen that could be killed in one big blow.
Fantastic. Sounds like another one of those "frustration" games to put on your list.
Man of the house or lady make you mad? Go play The Grinder, we reckon.
More through the link with tons of screens.
Sometimes we include links to online retail stores. If you click on one and make a purchase we may receive a small commission. For more information, go here.


text:
Kapuna's past comments
Dismembered human body parts were found Friday in and around a lake in Shizuoka Prefecture, prompting police to launch an investigation. Yes I guess that would be about enough.
Article Unavailable
Only two people should have known about the sexual encounter, the girl and him. One of them didn't keep their mouth shut.
Posted in: High school student expelled for having sex, sues school for Y6 million
Last year, JR officials began a campaign to put up posters asking commuters to be careful with smartphones when standing or walking on platforms, as well as getting on and off trains
Does JR really believe that the idiots with their heads buried in their phones, would read these signs? By the way, why do so many stupid people have** smartphones**.
Posted in: 17-year-old girl hit by train while using smartphone on platform
"I don't understand what's wrong with the Japanese legal system!" There is nothing wrong with it. It's their system.
Posted in: Woman gets 3-4 years for suffocating 16-day-old daughter in garbage bag
Drinking should be out lawed in Japan this seems to be the Japanese men get out of jail free card excuse!
Could be the judges have been there, done that and can relate.
Great news!! Glad that he is alive an well, I must admit I thought the worst of his parents and was sure they did something heinous to him, sumimasen. Wonder if the boy will want to go anywhere with them again.
Posted in: Missing Hokkaido boy found alive in SDF hut in forest after 6 days
Are the police certain, that the parents showed them the right spot where they left him? If they lied before........
Posted in: Searchers struggle with lack of clues to fate of missing 7-year-old boy
I hope the young boy is found and NOT returned to the "parents".
Posted in: Missing 7-year-old boy left in mountains by parents as punishment
These "protesters" must be Republicans who don't like Trump. Everyone knows that the Democrats are too refined and open minded to do these dastardly things.
Posted in: Protests turn violent outside Trump rally in New Mexico
The assailant is described as being about 180 cms tall, of thin build and was dressed all in black.
Aha! a ninja!
Posted in: 2 women sexually molested by man near train station in Saitama
Obama's planned visit to Hiroshima is regarded as a signal that the outgoing president is renewing his campaign to seek a world free of nuclear weapons.
Are Russia, Iran, No. Korea and like minded, seeking the same?
Article Unavailable
Iran making progress. The U.N., not so much.
Posted in: U.S., Iran make progress on nuclear deal implementation
Bats will starve!
Posted in: U.S. gives tentative OK to testing genetically modified mosquitoes
Of course China and Russia are opposed to the THAAD system, makes it harder for their spoiled little brat child to create havoc.
Posted in: Russia, China oppose U.S. missile defense system in South Korea
Japan's top government spokesman said on Thursday the nation continues to closely cooperate with countries such as the United States and South Korea and is urging North Korea to refrain from taking proactive action. Proactive action???
Posted in: Japan urges N Korea to refrain from provocative action
The relocation will never take place, status quo.
Article Unavailable
@Harry_Gatto. Why do Americans insist on calling a lavatory, or toilet, a bathroom? There is no bath in there. Yes there is.
Posted in: Cleaner skies: Boeing designs self-sterilizing jet bathrooms
Hiratsuka's car was partially covered with snow when he was found. Investigators believe that snow may have clogged the car's exhaust muffler, leading to a sudden lack of oxygen in the vehicle. Wow, there are just too many mistakes in the last sentence. 1). Snow may have clogged the car's exhaust muffler? That cannot happen. 2) leading to a sudden lack of oxygen in the vehicle. That will not happen either.
Posted in: 19-year-old man found dead in snow-covered car in Hokkaido
MarkG Answers to your questions, yes, yes, NO.
Posted in: Clinton aides to be questioned under oath on emails, judge orders
@Jocelyn M. Lucas. I doubt that foreigners are eligible, unless you are an expert in the use of a soraban.
Article Unavailable


text:
- HDMI® Support for 3D Video and Audio Return Channel
- Network Capability Delivers Internet Radio and Network Audio Streaming via Ethernet
- Direct Digital Connection of iPod/iPhone via USB
- Playback of Different Audio Sources in Two Different Zones
- Advanced Music Optimizer
Find help here!
5.1-Channel Network A/V Receiver
Affordable Home Cinema Centerpiece with Audio Network Capability
New at the entry level, the networking ability of the TX-NR509 takes you one step closer to fully integrated home entertainment. Audio files on your computer and streaming internet radio can both now be played through your main system, with fidelity far beyond what you're used to on a PC. When it comes to setting up the TX-NR509, Audyssey 2EQ® works to adapt the soundstage to the unique dimensions of your room. On-the-fly adjustments to audio and video settings are simple, thanks to the user-friendly overlaid on-screen display. The receiver's four advanced HDMI® inputs handle stunning high-definition audio from Dolby and DTS, as well as dynamic new 3D video. Further connectivity highlights include a new front-panel USB port that offers a clean digital link for both iPod/iPhone and USB storage devices, and Zone 2 line-outs that let you send a stereo audio signal to a second room equipped with an amp and speakers. All in all, the TX-NR509 offers a superb feature set for the valueconscious home cinema fan.
Recommended speaker systems:
- English (2.26 MB)
- Francais-Espagnol (4.41 MB)
- Italiano-Deutsch (4.17 MB)
- Nederlands-Svenska (4.11 MB)
- Quickstart Guide (2.32 MB)
- Remote Control Codes (502.36 KB)
- Using Last.fm/Napster (70.84 KB)
- Software License (508.87 KB)
- Manual_TX-NR509_FI.pdf (1.58 MB)
- Manual_TX-NR509_RUS.pdf (994.95 KB)
- Firmware Update Instructions (200.99 KB)
Latest FAQs
Onkyo wishes to inform owners of selected 2015-model and 2016-model network A/V receivers that a firmware update enabling… morePress Release dated: 21 Jul 2016
Enjoy the sound of master quality audio MQA encoded music available from OnkyoMusicOnkyo is proud to announce support for… morePress Release dated: 27 Apr 2016
High Res Audio support for up to DSD 11.2MHz, 384kHz/24bit FLAC/WAVFully balanced circuit design for great stereo separation… morePress Release dated: 27 Apr 2016
OSAKA, JAPAN: With more Dolby Atmos®- and DTS:X™*-encoded Blu-ray blockbusters hitting the shelves every day, now's the… morePress Release dated: 25 Apr 2016
NOTE: This press release has been modified since the date of original publication to correct the statement "separate… morePress Release dated: 28 Mar 2016


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text:
The strip of skin between the asshole and the balls it normally stinks alot
Thats guys Rawley is super stretchy and long
by Fattsanta October 18, 2008
Trending Now
Top Definition
A cute little puppy who thinks he's a bad ass. He love's his mommy, Lacey, and he thinks steven, Lacey's boyfriend, is amazing too.
Rawley is such a cutie!!
by LJ Fizzle January 30, 2009


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 29, 1985
|Filing date
|Sep 7, 1984
|Priority date
|May 2, 1983
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Albert G. Teater
|Original Assignee
|Gte Communication Systems Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (5), Classifications (11), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of my co-pending application Ser. No. 490,932 filed on May 2, 1983 now abandoned.
U.S. patent applications, Ser. Nos. 490,934, 490,935 and 490,936 filed on the same date as the above noted co-pending application are related to the present application.
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to transformerless subscriber's telephone circuits and more particularly to a subscriber's telephone circuit employing both integrated circuit elements and discrete components in an active gain circuit arrangement.
2. Background Art
Since the advent of integrated circuit technology, numerous efforts have been made to reduce telephone design programs by the utilization of two or three integrated circuit devices. The objectives of such design programs have been to achieve low cost, high reliability and an increased number of usable features. The provision of an increased number of features has to a great extent been successful. For example, such designs permit the use of pushbutton dialing when connected to telephone offices which are configured to accept only rotary dial type telephones.
However, it should be noted that other objectives have been only partly achieved. This is for the most part due to very stringent circuit requirements found in telephone ciruitry. A conventional telephone circuit for example, would usually be required to operate from a variable supply voltage, withstand both current and voltage surges, provide analog and digital functions and signal through its own power supply circuit. Consequently, most telephone circuits commercially available to date employ several discrete electronic components to support the incorporated integrated circuit based designs.
While integrated circuit technology has been progressing in the direction required for telephone designs over the last few years, substantial improvements have also been made in the discrete semiconductor technology field. Such improvements include a wider variety of low cost transistors and diodes, as well as lower cost resistors and capacitors.
Prior to the advent of semiconductor technology, conventional subscriber's telephones employed circuitry including a hybrid transformer to perform a two-wire to four-wire conversion. This conversion is an essential function of all two-wire analog telephones. During this same period, voltage dependent resistors (varistors) had been used extensively to support such hybrid designs. Varistors were used to provide automatic ajustment of transmit and receive levels and to compensate for various loop lenghts (longer loops requiring higher transmit levels and higher receive sensitivity). An undersirable consequence of utilization of the varistor/transformer type of circuitry is the presence of a variable AC impedance between the ring and tip (L1 and L2) terminals of the telephone. It is actually much more desirable to have a fixed AC impedance (600 Ohms) telephone connected to a line so as to maximize the return loss which, in turn, reduces voice signal transmission problems within the telephone system.
One of the first portions of subscriber telephone circuitry to be successfully adapted to the utilization of integrated circuit technology is the pulse dialng portion. Such pulse circuitry typically employs pushbutton inputs to generate pulse outputs. Units of this sort usually draw their power from the telephone line. Most designs of this type employ a current regulator device or current limiting device to prevent dial pulse distortion during dialing. Such pulse distortion is caused by supplying too much loop current to the pulse dialer integrated circuit while trying to maintain a minimum operating voltage for satisfactory integrated circuit operation. Such techniques are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,167,655 as well as in British Pat. No. 1,426,585.
Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved subscriber's telephone circuit which employs an optimal combination of discrete and integrated circuit components to overcome many of the disadvantages found in prior art subscriber telephone circuits.
The present invention consists of a subscriber telephone circuit incorporating an electronic tone ringer (for call alerting), integrated circuitry for loop current interrupt dial signalling and transistorized transmit and receive amplifiers associated with an electret microphone and a dynamic receiver unit respectively. A three terminal piezoelectric ringer transducer is employed in connection with electronic tone ringer circuitry. The design of the transmit and receive amplifier is such that the terminal impedance of the telephone circuit is approximately 600 Ohms (AC). The integrated circuit pulse dialer incorporates as a standard feature re-dial of the last number dialed. Also included are a transmit mute switch and ringer output level high-low switch.
With the exception of the pulse dialer integrated circuit, the present telephone circuitry is of the bi-polar transistor type. The pulse dialer integrated circuit is of the complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) type which can be operated while drawing only a negligible amount of current from the telephone line.
The disclosed telephone circuit performs the two-wire to four-wire conversion function by use of a unique operational amplifier which merely cancels the side tone signal thus separating the transmit and receive channels. The result in the present design is the replacement of a large iron core transformer with a smaller and lower cost transistor circuit.
The disclosed subscriber telephone circuit provides a terminal AC impedance of approximately 600 Ohms (�100 Ohms) under all loop conditions as compared to the 300-1200 Ohms found under all loop conditions for some more traditional varistor/hybrid transformer type of circuitry. The stable impedance of the present design is established by resistor value selection and is achieved by use of high impedance transmit and receive amplifiers. Since these amplifiers do not shunt the terminal of the telephone, the impedance is determined by specific shunt resistors. The value of these resistors is not dependent on loop conditions. These resistors are included in the transmit, receive and dialer circuitry.
While the pulse dialer portion of the present circuit is similar in many respects to those found in current production, it does not employ a current limiting device or current regulator to prevent dial pulse distortion during dialing. As noted above, this pulse distortion is caused by supply of excess loop current to the pulse dialer in order to maintain a minimum operating voltage for satisfactory integrated circuit operation. The present circuitry employs a large (100 microfarad) capacitor to keep voltage above the minimum value for pulse dialer integrated circuit operation during dial pulse interruptions of the line.
The electronic tone ringer portion of the present circuitry employs a bi-polar transistor oscillator circuit including a three terminal piezoelectric transducer. One of the terminals is a feedback tap which provides the regenerative effect necessary for oscillation. The oscillator circuit operates from the output of a full wave rectifier without a supply filter capacitor. This technique permits the ringing voltage frequency to set the interruption rate of the oscillator which provides a more effective alerting signal. The circuit thus is more economical than many found in the prior art, in that no interruption oscillator is required. As a convenience feature, a "high-low-off" switch is incorporated in the present design to select the acoustical output of the ringer unit. With high level selected, the output level is greater than 70 dB and is reduced by more than 6 dB when the low position is selected.
Also included in the present subscriber's circuit is a diode bridge which acts as a polarity guard. A hookswitch of conventional design provides the usual "on/off-hook" conditions. A transmit mute switch blocks voice transmissions while still admitting incoming signals. A simple re-dial switch actuates the last number dial feature in the pulse dialer, while a PNP high voltage transistor is employed as the actual dial pulsing switch and a metallic oxide varistor is utilized as a voltage surge suppressor for the protection of susceptible electornic devices.
FIG. 1 is a simplified combination block and schematic diagram of the subscriber's telephone circuit in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the receive circuitry included in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of the transmit circuitry included in the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a combination block and schematic circuit diagram of a dialer circuit in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a ringer circuit in accordance with the present invention.
Referring now to FIG. 1 a simplified block diagram of a subscriber's telephone circuit in accordance with present invention is shown. The basic functional elements are a receive circuit 200, a transmit circuit 300, a pulse dialer circuit 400 and a ringer circuit 500. For transducers, an electret microphone 310 is associated with transmit circuit 300 and an encapsulated dynamic speaker 240 is associated with receive circuit 200. A piezoelectric resonator attached to an associated Helmholtz resonator cavity (not shown) may be associated with a ringer circuit 500. Auxillary elements include voltage surge suppressor 412 (a metallic oxide varistor), diode bridge 600 which provides polarity protection, hookswitch 410, re-dial switch 470 and transistor 430 which functions as the dial pulse switch. As will be noted from FIG. 1, all the basic functional elements include circuit connections to terminals T and R which are adapted for connection to a telephone line.
Referring now to FIG. 2 which shows the receive circuitry. The basic portion of this circuit consists of transistors 210, 220 and 230 which in combination form a high open-loop-gain amplifier. The gain of the amplifier is sufficiently high so as to permit resistors 202, 203 and 206 to precisely establish the closed-loop-gain. The base terminal of transistor 210 is the virtual ground and summing junction for the circuit. Capacitors 205 and 231 are coupling capacitors used to block direct current. Current source 211 provides a high impedance active load for the collector of transistor 210 which is necessary to achieve a large voltage gain with the present amplifier configuration. Current source 221 isolates the 150 Ohm receiver impedance from the low amplifier output impedance of the telephone line. This isolation is essential as it prevents severe inefficient loading which results in signal power reduction.
In a transformer type of telephone circuit the receiver impedance would be matched to the telephone line impedance by selection of the appropriate winding turns ratio. In this manner, the current source helps to eliminate the transformer from the design. Resistors 207 and 222 establish the amplifier DC output voltage to slightly above that of a single silicon diode's forward voltage, to maintain all of the transistors properly biased. The present amplifier design is such that it will operate at less than a 2 volt supply voltage, thus assuring operation on low voltage loops and also when associated extension phones are taken off-hook.
The present circuit also provides precise control of sidetone cancellation which is a balance function. This precision results from the summation weights of the transmit and sidetone signals as determined exactly by resistors 202 and 203. Resistor 202 is also chosen to assist in providing the correct terminal AC impedance of approximately 600 Ohms for the present telephone circuit. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, resistor 202 has a value of 82,000 Ohms and in combination with resistors of specifically chosen values included in the transmit and pulse dialer circuitry shunt the line providing the desired terminal AC impedance.
FIG. 3 shows the transmit circuitry. The basic transmit amplifier structure consists of transistors 340, 350 and 360. Resistors 324, 343 and 352 in combination with transistors 340 and 350 form a current source mirror. That is, the DC collector current of transistor 350 is approximately equal to the bias current through resistor 324. Transistor 360 serves as a buffer by supplying most of the current through resistor 352 (a low value resistor). The resulting configuration presents a high impedance to the telephone line and prevents shunting of signal currents. Transistors 350 and 360 with resistors 352, 262 and capacitors 361 and 341 form a high transconductance AC amplifier. A small voltage signal input through capacitor 341 produce a relatively large signal current in the telephone loop.
Resistor 342 presents a moderate impedance to the microphones output. Resistor 326 matches resistor 342 to improve tracking performance of the current mirror. Capacitor 325 shunts AC current that flows through resistor 324 to prevent signal feedback to the base of transistor 350. (Any such signal would reduce the transmit circuit output impedance.) Resistor 351 assures that transistor 350 will be biased up to the correct DC operating point. Resistor 322 isolates the microphone supply voltage filter capacitor 323 from the telephone terminals with a specific amount of impedance. This resistor is one of the telephone impedance establishing elements. The other telephone AC impedance establishing element of the transmit circuitry is resistor 324. In the present embodiment resistor 322 has a value of 1100 Ohms while resistor 324 has a value of 2400 Ohms. As noted above these resistors in combination with selected fixed resistors included in the receive and pulse dialer circuitry determine the terminal AC impedance of the present telephone circuit. Transistor 320, resistor 321 and the normally open mute switch 330 provide the telephone user with the option of momentarily disabling voice transmission as a convenience feature.
The pulse dialer portion of the present telephone circuitry is pictured in FIG. 4. The key element in this circuitry is the pulse dialer integrated circuit 460 which is a commercialy available intergrated circuit element manufactured by Mostek Coropration and identified as their part number MK50992. Integrated circuit 460 is a CMOS device which responds to switch closures of an associated key pad 470 whose configuration may take any well known form, (the details of which do not form a portion of the present invention), which cause the pulse dialer integrated circuit 460 to produce the appropriate sequence of loop current interruptions for dialing purposes. Also, when the re-dial button 470 is operated, the last number dialed will then be re-dialed using information stored in the memory contained within the pulse dialer integrated ciruit 460. This memory is effective both during the off-hook and on-hook conditions. When on-hook the telephone line charges the supply capacitor 420 thrugh high value resistor 411. The zener diode 421 prevents the supply voltage from exceeding the rating of the integrated circuit 460. The loop circuit is switched on and off by transistor 430 and resistor 432 under control of pulse dialer circuit 460. Transistor 440 serves as an on-hook condition detector. The response of this detector is delayed by capacitor 443 to prevent spurious operation. The detector is needed to reset the re-dial function upon the telephone going on-hook. Resistors 441, 442 and 431 are DC biasing elements for the associated transistors 440 and 450. Resistors 462, 463 and capacitor 461 establish the frequency of an oscillator included within the pulse dialer which drives all of the timing functions of the pulse dialer integrated circuit. Resistor 432 which in the present embodiment has a value of 2400 Ohms is also one of the resistors which determine the AC impedance value of a telephone circuit embodying the present invention.
FIG. 5 discloses the electronic tone ringer circuitry. The basic portion of this circuit is a 2800 Hz oscillator which includes transistor 540 and piezoelectric transducer 560. The frequency of oscillation of this oscillator circuit is determined by the self resonant frequency of the piezoelectric element. This self resonant frequency is influenced by the method of mounting the piezoelectric element and to a lesser extent by the design of an associated Helmholtz resonator to which it is attached. The essential oscillatory gain and phasing is provided by transistor 540 in conjunction with a feedback tab on the piezoelectric element which is connected through resistor 541 to the base of transistor 540. This oscillator turns on whenever a voltage is supplied between the junction of resistors 531 and 532 and the emitter of transistor 540. Capacitor 501, resistor 502 and the diode bridge 510 convert incoming AC ringing signals when supplied across the Tip and Ring (T and R terminals of the telephone) to a DC voltage available for operation of the oscillator. However, transistor 550 must be turned on before this DC voltage is available for application to the oscillator. Transistor 550 and diodes 521, 522 and 524 along with resistors 523, 551 and 552 and capacitor 525 constitute a turn-on delay circuit which prevents "dial-tapping." Dial-tapping is a series of short pulses which may appear across the terminal of a telephone when "on-hook" as a result of someone dialing on an extension telephone. With this circuit, the start of oscillation is delayed by the charging time of capacitor 525. Resistor 523 discharges capacitor 525 after the input voltage subsides. This re-sets the turn-on delay feature. The switch 530 corrects the supply feed resistance to the tone oscillator circuit to provide two different tone output levels. Also an open circuit (off) position is available. Different than most call alerting configurations employed in the prior art that employ tone ringer circuits, no tone interrupting oscillator is employed, since the osillator starts and stops as the individual ringing cycles are available. This frequent starting and stopping action provides effective tone interruptions.
A better understanding of the subscriber telephone circuit of the present invention may be had by reference to the following description of operation taken in connection with FIGS. 1 through 5 inclusive of the drawings. Referring first to FIG. 1, the ringer circuit 500 which is directly connected across the leads connected to terminals T and R which extend to the telephone line, offers high AC and DC impedance until such time as a ringing voltage appears across the terminals. At this time, the AC impedance will drop, allowing the oscillator portion of ringer circuit 500 consisting of transistor 540 and piezoelectric transducer 560 and associated components, to absorb power from the line and produce an acoustical alerting signal. The acoustical tone will be interrupted by voltage magnitude dips of the incoming ringing signal. Frequency of the interruption is equal to twice the frequency of the incoming ringing signal.
The pulse dialer circuit 400 draws a small amount of current from the line whenever the telephone is connected to the line. This is taken through resistor 411 shown in FIG. 1. This current keeps the re-dial memory included in the integrated circuit 460 shown in FIG. 4, operative at all times. Thus any telephone number stored in the memory of the pulse dialer integrated circuit 460 will be dialed when the re-dial key 470 is depressed. Dial pulses from this device operate the electronic switch comprised of transistor 430 which provides loop disconnect signalling. When the re-dial feature is not used, digits are pulsed in response to key pad key closures manually initiated at key pad 470 wherein the subscriber utilizing circuitry of the present invention is able to dial a new number.
When the subscriber removes the handset from the hookswitch 410 going off-hook, closure of the hookswitch applies loop voltage to the receive circuit 200 and the transmit circuit 300, the amplifier circuitry contained therein quickly stablizes at the operating DC bias. Subsequently, any sound pressure in the microphone 310 will produce a corresponding signal voltage at the terminals T and R of the telephone circuit. Also, any signal arriving at the telephone from an associated telephone office or other switching center, will be enhanced by the amplifier included in receive circuit 200, to produce a corresponding sound pressure at the output of receiver 240.
Referring now to FIG. 2 the receive signal is applied through resistor 202 through the summing junction at the base of transistor 210. An amplified receive signal appears at the emitter of transistor 230 and through capacitor 231 is applied to drive receiver 240. The receive gain of the included amplifier circuitry is established by resistors 202 and 206. Since a transmit signal will find its way to the receive amplifier through resistor 202 (sidetone) a controlled amount of transmit signal is subtracted via resistors 201 and 203 from the sidetone signal to prevent undesirable high sidetone levels at the receiver 240.
In the transmit circuit shown in FIG. 3, the electret microphone 310 produces a few millivolts of output at normal voice level. This small signal is coupled through DC blocking capacitor 341 to the base of transistor 350. Most of the base signal also appears at the emitter since the device is used in an emitter follower configuration. The result is a relatively large signal current flow in resistor 352. With this large current developed, the 600 Ohm impedance telephone is able to effectively drive the telephone line. The voltage developed across resistor 362 is used by the receive circuit for sidetone cancellation; the output being taken between resistor 362 and capacitor 361 and extended through resistor 201 of FIG. 2. In the microphone portion of the circuit, capacitor 323 supplies a filtered voltage to the microphone's power supply terminal.
In the pulse dialer circuit shown in FIG. 5, when the telephone goes off-hook, hookswitch contacts 410 close applying a DC voltage to resistors 441 and 442. This in turn causes transistor 440 to saturate, producing a low logic level at the collector and enabling the pulse dialer integrated circuit 460 to allow re-dial of the number stored in its internal memory or the dialing of a new number. When the telephone goes back on-hook, the collector of transistor 440 rises to disable the pulse dialer functions, except the memory included therein is sustained.
During out pulsing, a rectangular voltage wave form is generated by the pulse dialer integrated circuit 460 and applied to the base of transistor 450 which in turn drives transistor 430, (the loop current interrupt switch). Both transistors 450 and 430 are high voltage devices which can withstand voltage transients that result from the breaking of an inductive circuit. The capacitor 420 charges either during on-hook or off-hook conditions to supply power to the pulse dialer integrated circuit 460. The oscillator which is included in the pulse dialer circuit has a time constant determined by resistors 462 and 463 and capacitor 461 which operate only during dialing. This arrangement minimizes power consumption. Digit selection occurs as indicated previously when the key pad closure contacts are made at the key pad 470 and the output thereof is extended to the pulse dialer integrated circuit 460 as shown in FIG. 4.
The electronic tone ringer shown in FIG. 5 operates in response to the application of an alternating current (AC) ringing voltage applied across terminals T and R. This signal is rectified by full wave diode bridge circuit 510. The resulting DC voltage is of sufficient magnitude to turn on zener diode 522 causing capacitor 525 to start charging. When the voltage across capacitor 525 reaches about seven (7) volts, transistor 550 turns on, in turn supplying operating voltage to the 2800 Hz tone oscillator. This assumes that the ringer volume switch is in a "low" or "high" position. The time required to charge capacitor 525 delays any output from the alerting device to prevent audible response to transient voltage spikes which may occur across the telephone terminals.
As noted previously the telephone circuit of the present invention provides a terminal AC impedance of approximately 600 Ohms under all loop conditions. This stable impedance is established by selecting the value of resistor 202 in the receive amplifier circuitry, resistors 322 and 324 in the transmit circuitry and resistor 432 in the pulse dialer circuitry. The combination of the values selected relative to the high AC impedance of the transmit and receive amplifiers determines the AC impedance of the telephone circuit as presented to the telephone line.
While but a single embodiment of the present invention has been shown it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention which shall be limited only by claims appended hereto.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 10, 1967
|Sep 15, 1970
|Telephone subset with resistive hybrid network
|Jul 16, 1971
|Jan 29, 1974
|Post Office
|Side-tone reducing circuit for a telephone subscribers instrument
|Oct 17, 1977
|Sep 11, 1979
|United Networks Inc.
|Push button to rotary dial converter systems
|May 21, 1979
|Dec 1, 1981
|United Networks, Inc.
|Subscriber station network
|Jul 26, 1979
|Oct 12, 1982
|Stromberg-Carlson Corporation
|Electronic telephone
|Jun 20, 1980
|Nov 16, 1982
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Circuit with feedback for controlling the impedance thereof
|Jun 15, 1981
|Aug 23, 1983
|Gte Automatic Electric Labs Inc.
|Electronic voice network for a telephone subscriber's substation
|Apr 23, 1982
|Jan 22, 1985
|Fairchild Camera And Instrument Corporation
|Telephone regulator circuitry
|Jan 17, 1983
|Mar 5, 1985
|At&T Bell Laboratories
|Line circuit with flux compensation and active impedance termination
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 23, 1985
|Jun 23, 1987
|Gte Communication Systems, Inc.
|High performance telephone instrument with combination pulse and tone dialing capacity
|Mar 24, 1986
|Jul 5, 1988
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Telephone set
|Mar 13, 1987
|Dec 6, 1988
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method for electrically simulating a cradle switch and a hands free talking-loudspeaking key in a hands free talking-loudspeaking telephone station
|May 8, 1990
|Mar 2, 1993
|Industrial Technology Research Institute
|Electrical telephone speech network
|Jul 29, 1999
|Feb 17, 2004
|Dieter J. H. Knollman
|Constant impedance digital line interface circuit
|U.S. Classification
|379/395, 379/394
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 7, 1984
Owner name: GTE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM CORPORATION NORTHLAKE ILL
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:TEATER, ALBERT G.;REEL/FRAME:004351/0299
Effective date: 19840827
|Feb 28, 1989
Owner name: AG COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS CORPORATION, 2500 W. UTOP
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GTE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005060/0501
Effective date: 19881228
|Mar 27, 1989
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 19, 1991
Owner name: AG COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS CORPORATION, ARIZONA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GTE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS CORPORATION, A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:005949/0684
Effective date: 19910917
|Feb 19, 1993
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 3, 1997
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 26, 1997
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jan 6, 1998
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19971029


text:
Siuslaw National Forest
Contact Information
Siuslaw National Forest Supervisor's Office
3200 SW Jefferson Way
Corvallis, OR 97331
Cape Perpetua Visitor Center
2400 Highway 101
Yachats, Oregon 97498
Oregon Dunes NRA Visitor Center
855 Highway Avenue
Reedsport, Oregon 97467
Central Coast Ranger District
1130 Forestry Lane
Waldport, Oregon 97394
Hebo Ranger District
31525 Hwy 22
Hebo, OR 97122
TTY for hearing & speech impaired: (Oregon Relay)
Contact Us
We update the conditions report weekly (approximately). If you don't see an update for a particular week, it probably means that conditions have not changed significantly. Conditions cited below are the last reported.
For additional updates follow us on social media:
Twitter twitter.com/siuslawNF
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We love to hear from you! If you want to report trail or campground conditions, or to let us know about your visit, please feel free to email, call or visit the station.
For more information call 541-750-7000 or email the front desk.
Cape Perpetua Visitor Center
Summer Hours (June through Labor Day): 7 days a week, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm
Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area Visitor Center
Summer Hours (through August 30, 2014): Monday – Saturday, 8:00am – 4:30pm. CLOSED on fedearal holidays.
Email: Oregon Dunes Visitor Center
Hebo Ranger District
Office Hours: Monday – Friday, 8:00am – 4:00pm. CLOSED on fedearal holidays.
Email: Hebo Ranger District
Central Coast Ranger District
Office Hours: Monday – Friday, 8:00am – 4:00pm. CLOSED on fedearal holidays.
Area weather reports: link to NOAA
The Siuslaw National Forest spans a large area and with plenty of variation in weather. Look for the weather report closest to your planned activity. Here are the local weather reports you can access from the weather link above.
Additional coastal weather information is available from the Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport, OR. This site has links to a variety of weather related information like sunrise-sunset tables, satellite images, buoy reports, and wave forecasts. The Hatfield Marine Science Center also offers detailed weather information for Newport, OR including area web cams.
Weather disclaimer
Weather presented through USDA Forest Service sites is public domain and derived from data from the National Weather Service. The USDA Forest Service is not responsible for the accuracy of this data.
Tide predictions provided from the Hatfield Marine Science Center in Newport, OR. Be sure to check the tidal adjustments page to get a more accurate prediction for the stretch of coast you are visiting.
Road Conditions (Central Coast) from Tripcheck.com
Road Conditions (Hebo District and Surrounding) from Tripcheck.com
Forest Road 3420 (Trenholm Saddle Road): Closed indefinitely due to a landslide in 2014. The road is closed just before mile post two through mile post four near the junction with Forest Road 3421. The Trenholm Saddle road is located about 25 miles east of Waldport on Highway 34. Details on slide, including photos. (Updated 3/8/16)
Trails are generally open year round unless there is a washout or the trail is blocked by fallen trees. These weekly (approximate) summaries list the last known conditions. Visit the hiking page on our recreation section for more details.
The Siuslaw National Forest has close to 40 developed campgrounds. Most campgrounds are on a first-come, first-serve basis. Some of the popular sites and group areas are on a nation-wide campground reservation system. For reservations, call 1-877-444-6777 or visit www.recreation.gov. The Oregon Coast has a very busy tourist season from May – October. Reservations during this time are always a good idea. Visit the Camping & Cabins page for more information on specific campgrounds.
Visit the OHV page for more information on OHV Camping, OHV Open Area Riding and OHV Trail Riding
Before you plan an activity on the Forest, please be sure to check whether you need a permit or pass. Information about Recreation Passes.
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text:
Been here? Rate It!
a museum inside the castle
The best thing with Bodrum Castle it that it works as a museum anyway but there are some interesting separated rooms where you see several antiquities. The Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology houses item that had been found in the Aegean sea from wrecks, an ancient shipwreck replica etc
The old mosque(suleymaniye camii) was originally a chapel, but it was nice to see also many artifacts from a Byzantine shipwreck. As the time was passing I started to feel tired though, the sun will always be bright (I was lucky having clouds above) so bring water with you. Try to go to many different corners of the castle and check small details, an old well, an olive tree, a chair etc
In 2015 the entrance fee is 25 YTL (about 8euro) and worth every lira of it.
It's open Tuesday to Sunday 8.00 to 18.30 (until the end of October)
- Historical Travel
- Archeology
- Museum Visits
Castle of St. Peter
The Bodrum Castle was the main reason I visited Bodrum in 2007. Without a doubt the castle dominates the city and it's really amazing seeing it up from a hill or down from the Bodrum Marina.
The castle is big enough though so consider that you are going to spend at least two hours to see every part of it. Some locals told me that there are visitors of Bodrum that don't go inside the castle but it's really a pity to miss this because you have to drink the 10th beer of the day :) On a rainy October day I was almost alone.
The construction of the castle began back in the 13th century when the medieval knights of St.John using parts of the tomb of King Mausoleus built the first part of it on the site of a fortification from Doric times (1110BC) where Seljuk Turks had built a small castle in 11th century. By the way the mausoleum was one the seven wonders of the ancient world.
Anyway, the castle that was occupied by knights and soldiers protected Bodrum from the Ottomans attacks and it served as a refuge for all Christians in Asia Minor. Ottomans attempted many times to conquer the castle but failed and it was in 1522 when the castle of Rhodes had fallen and demanded the handling of two other fortresses (one in Kos and this one on Bodrum). They turned the chapel into a mosque (suleymaniye camii). In early 19th century the castle was used by the Turkish army as a military base against the greek revolution while at the end of the century was turned into a prison but the castle stood empty after WWI and turned into a museum only in 1962.
All around the castle you will see signs about the birds/animals which lived in the castle and interesting info/legends about them:
Ducks(one of the favorite foods of the roman period),
Crows(when Apollo informed by a white crow that Koronis loved another person cursed the crow and turned it into black!),
Pigeon(sacred animal of Aphrodite),
Owl(favorite animal of Athena),
Rooster & Hen(fav food in ancient times),
Peacock(Here had Argus's eyes placed in the tail of a peacock when Zeus killed Argus),
Lizard(Apollo Sauractanos means Lizard Killer),
Snake(god of Medicine Asklepios and his daughter Hygeia(health in greek) have snakes as their emblem),
Mouse(god Apollo Smintheus which means Mouse-scarer),
Spider(Athena transformed Arakhne(spider in greek) to a spider after Arakhne's selfsuicide because she lost the competition with Athena of who is best web master)
Fly(Hera lets a gadfly to follow Lo for revenge. Lo runs away to escape and travels all over the world)
Scorpion(Artemis turned the scorpion into a Zodiac sign and Orion into a star)
Ant(When Myrmeks(ant in greek) was proud to find the catapult of Athena's invention she was transformed into an ant by her! it seems the greek Gods transformed everyone that they didnt like! :) )
Directions: u cant miss it, it's too big :)
- Castles and Palaces
- Museum Visits
- Historical Travel
Bodrum Castle/St Peter Castle
Bodrum Castle (Bodrum Kalesi), located in southwest Turkey in the city of Bodrum, was built by the Knights Hospitaller starting in 1402 as the Castle of St. Peter.
Sir Thomas Docwra was one time captain of the castle. In 1522 when faced by attack from Sultan Suleiyman, the Grand Master of the Hospitallers ordered the Castle to be repaired. In desperation, the Hospitallers broke open the Mausoleum, finding all sorts of elaboratedly adorned marble blocks and carvings which they admired but nevertheless destroyed, using the debris as building material. They also discovered the sarcophagus of Mausolus, but this was stolen during the night. The Knights Hospitaller were soon defeated and driven from Bodrum. Some decorative slabs have been found in the ruins of the Castle, one slab has turned up in Genoa.
In 1846 Lord Stratford de Redeliffe, the British Ambassador to Constantinople take twelve slabs showing a combat between Greeks and Amazons. Sir Charles Newton conducted excavations and removed a number of stone lions in 1856. Presently, these are all to be found at the British Museum.
The size of the castel is 180X185 m.All the towers in the castle has a name the highest one is called French Tower and its 47.50 m high.The rest of the towers are called Italian,german,english and the tower of snakes.In the XIX siecle the castle was used as prison Under the chapel there are 14 water tanks.
Bodrum Castle Views
There are a lot of different exhibitions at Bodrum Castle, and there are slices of history throughout the entire building, but one of the best bits of a visit to Bodrum Castle is to walk around the ramparts and take in the view of the bay.
Directions: Head to the Marina, and it's located on the promotory between the Marina and harbour/beach area.
- Historical Travel
- Museum Visits
- Castles and Palaces
You should visit here
As well as lots of historical things to look at, and exhibitions to tour, the castle is just a really great building to walk around, and from the ramparts you get a good view of the bay and surrounding area.
Ancient Glass collection
the ancient glass collection @ bodrum kalesi, located inside a very dark room. the ancient glass collection is one of the four biggest ancient glass collections in the world.
unguentariums, small and really cute jugs and vases, various stones and precious rocks dating back around 2nd to 4th AD.
Address: st. peter's castle, bodrum
- Historical Travel
- Archeology
- Budget Travel
Commercial Amphora collection
type of ceramic vase with two handles and a long neck narrower than the body. used by the ancient Greeks and Romans as the principal means for transporting and storing grapes, olive oil, wine, oil, olives, grain, fish, and other commodities.
there's a large collection of amphora inside the castle of st. peter or bodrum castle, dating back as far as the BC times. these vases were a part of the museum of underwater archelogy and recovered from several ancient shipwrecks of roman merchant vessels.
most of them are in good shape, some with corals that have accummulated around it.
interesting for vases enthusiasts.
Address: bodrum castle
- Budget Travel
- Archeology
- Historical Travel
great view on top of the st. peter's castle
aside from the nightlife and the marina, i think the st. peter's castle is the main attraction of bodrum, also known as bodrum castle or bodrum kalesi was built by the Knights Hospitaller in 1402 . there're a lot of stuff to see inside, outside and around the castle.
walk along the marina and it's located at the far end. we paid TL10, the castle houses the Museum of Underwater Archaeology, so abundant in artefact discoveries of ancient shipwrecks in the Aegean Sea like amphora vases dating back to BC which i find interesting (well, i was imagining how many ancient people held these water vases while i was scanning the collections). then there's this dark room where they're keeping small ancient cute glasses kept well and illuminated by really dark lights, some precious stones too.
the view at the top of the castle is breathtaking.
the castle is really worth a visit.
- Historical Travel
- Budget Travel
- Backpacking
St. Peter Castle (Bodrum Castle)
You can't miss this prominent Castle in Bodrum's Harbour. It is built on a peninsula between two bays, but this was not always the case, originally, it was completely surrounded with water. Construction on the Castle began in 1402. This Castle was considered very important, so the Vatican sent Christians here to help with the work.
In 1409, the Papal Office, issued a decree stating that all those who helped in the construction would receive a guaranteed reservation in Heaven!!
By using materials from the Mausoleum, the 1st walls were completed in 1437.
The Castle was built to defend Bodrum, which it did, not always successfully until the end of World War 1. This was the last Christian stronghold in Antolia. In 1961, the Castle became a Museum.
It is easy to get around as there are arrows on the ground showing you which direction to go. There is also a SHORT TOUR, or a LONG TOUR TRAIL to follow.
Make sure you allow plenty of time, as I was here quite a while and didn't get to see all because of some being closed. It was disappointing that they were.
Well worth visiting, has lovely view in all directions and interesting history.
Entrance to it is on the Harbour side that leads to the Ferry Terminal.
Open daily.......... CLOSED MONDAYS
I was there on opening time, and not all the museums were open. The attendants were only just arriving!
Website: http://www.bodrum-museum.com
- Historical Travel
- Castles and Palaces
- Archeology
SNAKE TOWER @ Bodrum Castle
THE SNAKE.... Sacred symbol of healers.
It was marked on statues of Asclepious (the God of Health) in ancient mythology. It is believed that the Snake emblem, emblazoned on the tower, marks a former place of healing. It is thought, that this Snake Tower, may have been an Infirmary, used by the Knights of the Hospital of St. John.
Inside now, it the Secret Museum, with displays of artifacts on Birth, Life & Death.
The SACRED SNAKE OF ANCIENT TIMES, Is a symbol that represents, MEDICINE, POWER, SIN, DEATH, SEXUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY.
Address: Bodrum Castle
- Historical Travel
- Castles and Palaces
- Architecture
ENGLISH TOWER @ Bodrum Castle
Located in the S.E. corner of Bodrum Castle, this Tower is known by other names, such as "Lion Tower" and "St. Catherines Tower" Its construction was financed by contributions from England. The Tower is regarded as one of the most important, well preserved monuments to be built outside of England.
It has three stories. The bottom, used to be the Dungeons. The hall, which is reached through the northern entrance, has the Royal Coat of Arms of Henry IV of England mounted above it. Inside, there is Medieval attire and a huge table.
In modern times, sometimes a Banquet is held here. The staff dress in Medieval attire, and period music is played!
Address: Bodrum Castle
- Museum Visits
- Castles and Palaces
- Historical Travel
GLASS HALL @ Bodrum Castle
Glass objects dating from 1400BC to 1100 AD are displayed in a small hall in the former Chapel of the Castle. On display, is glass found from Shipwrecks and Ancient sites in the region. The rare pieces are displayed in specially lit cabinets to get the best effect. It is really well done, and there are some beautiful pieces.
Address: Bodrum Castle
- Archeology
- Museum Visits
- Historical Travel
Amphora Exhibition @ Bodrum Castle
This exhibition located in Amphora park in the Castle grounds, displays all kinds of very old utensils that were used for storing and transporting goods. Made out of Clay, each piece has an identifiable design, this has helped Archeologists to trace trading patterns. Most of the handles are embossed with the sign of the manufacturer, such as, a Rose for Rhodian, a Crab for Coan, and so on. The Urns were used for Olives, Wine, Olive oil, Grains, and anything else that needed storage. Amazing that so many have been found in very good condition. The containers were found mostly from Shipwrecks, and a few were found on land.
The pointed bottoms were unusual. This was done so they could be closely packed and stacked in the hulls of ships, with matting between them to stop them from breaking. This design allowed a greater number to be carried on the ships, sometimes, over a 1000 pieces, thus making the vovage a very profitable one. These were some of the 1st pieces put into the museum. They were found by Bodrum sponge divers.
- Castles and Palaces
- Museum Visits
- Archeology
St. Peter Castle, Bodrum
The fortress St. Peter Castle is the most famous building in Bodrum, and is located at the edge of the harbour. It got it's St. Peter, the Liberator, because it served as a refugee place for Christians. The construction started around the 1400's.
- Castles and Palaces
- Beer Tasting
- Beaches
Bodrum Castle
The castle of St, Peter Bodrum dominates Bodrum harbour. It was built by the Knights of St John from 1402 until 1522. Today the small admission charge includes the underwater archaeology museum. From the top there are great views of Bodrum
Address: Bodrum Harbour
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text: Very few Jabber implementations use the hardcoded field names anymore. Most use the x:data implementation, which means that the instructions, and all field names and field types come from the server. There is a provision in some parts of XMPP/Jabber for the server to send multiple things with an xml:lang attribute, so we could start paying attention to that. Apart from that, it's pretty damn difficult to translate sanely. User search, chat room configuration, and a whole slew of other things are done this way, and it is the preferred way of getting information from the user. The list will only grow. Sorry to be the bearer of bad news. -Nathan


text:
For every farm girl who ever rode into the big city on a bus with a song in her heart and a dream in her head, there are 100 more who wound up alone and schmashed. This show is for the wannabes, the woulda-beens, and the shoulda-slept-with-the-directors out there who only wanted to give the audience a hummer of a happy tune. Don't miss "Schmashed." It's showbiz the way you were always terrified it would be. Sketchworks is NOT improv. It's scripted sketch a'la SNL, MadTV and In Living Color. Try something new dammit.
Price: $15 online, $17 at the door


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"We did a good job with the inside-outside game in the first half to get some open looks from the perimeter. Lori knocked down her first shot from about 22-feet and that got her going. From there, everyone else just fed off her confidence."
Related quotes
"Your vision will become clear only when you look into your heart. Who looks outside, dreams. Who looks inside, awakens."
"Luke Harman did a great job of finding Davin and Sam early and that really opened things up inside for Maurice and Casey."


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Free personalized radio that
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Overture (Sinfonia) After Spontini's "Le Vestale", For 2 Guitars: II. Presto Assai Agitato
Features of This Tracka Romantic-Era style
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Baltimore County Public Schools
Contact us at:
4601 Ebenezer Road
Baltimore, MD 21236
At Perry Hall High School, the PTSA works closely with families, teachers, school administration, and the community. It is our goal to enhance the educational opportunities available to our children. As a local PTA unit, PHHS PTSA is a part of the PTA Council of Baltimore County, the Maryland Congress of PTA, and the National Congress of PTA. The Perry Hall High School PTSA is a committed and dedicated group of volunteer leaders working together for the school, parents, students and community. As leaders, we are making an impact and taking on an active role in our children's education, and there is always room for more parents to step up and get involved. So why don't you make a difference and come on board, volunteer and join the PTSA. Membership is open to everyone who is concerned with education and well being of our children. PTSA meetings are held the first Tuesday of the month, at 6:30 PM in the JRB Media Center (the school library). Get involved in your child's education and become an advocate!
Thank you to our supporters and business partners! They include:
Greg's Driving School
Donates $50 for every student that takes driver's ed at PHHS.
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