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Coatings of spherical optical microresonators are widely employed for different applications. Here the effect of the thickness of a homogeneous coating layer on the coupling of light from a tapered fiber to a coated microsphere has been studied. Spherical silica microresonators were coated using a 70SiO2 – 30HfO2 glass doped with 0.3 mol% Er3+ ions. The coupling of a 1480 nm pump laser inside the sphere has been assessed using a tapered optical fiber and observing the 1530-1580 nm Er3+ emission outcoupled to the same tapered fiber. The measurements were done for different coating thicknesses and compared with theoretical calculations to understand the relationship of the detected signal with the whispering gallery mode electric field profiles.
1. Introduction
Glass microspheres are microsized resonators supporting the so-called [1] Whispering Gallery Modes(WGM) with a very high Q-factor and a low mode volume [2–5]. This makes them very useful for different applications where high light density (non linear optics [6], lasing [7–9], quantum electrodynamics [10]) or sharp resonances (sensing [11], metrology [12,13]) are required. In many cases, a coating layer is useful to manage the confined light and/or to functionalize the sphere surface. A common way to couple light inside a microsphere is using evanescent coupling from a tapered fiber [2,14]. The coupling strength can depend on two parameters: the overlap of the evanescent fields and the phase-matching between the whispering gallery modes in the sphere and the propagating mode of the taper. Since the taper waist usually changes gradually from the fiber diameter to the minimum value at the center of the taper the evanescent field overlap can be controlled very easily by changing the coupling point between the taper and the sphere. It is much more difficult to change the phase matching condition since it is dependent primarily on the refractive index of the sphere which cannot be changed once the sphere is produced. Furthermore, it would be very difficult to compare bulk spheres of different materials since, in addition to the change of the refractive index, a number of other parameters such as surface roughness and ellipticity may also change. A possible approach in order to eliminate the need for an adjustable air gap between the microcavity and the evanescent coupler is to make use of a graded-index microsphere [15]. If, however, one uses an uniform coating with constant refractive index, playing with its thickness and composition it is possible to tailor the effective refractive index of the WGMs [2], which assumes a value in between the values of the effective refractive index of WGMs in a blank silica sphere and in a bulk sphere fully made from the coating material. In view of the application to microlaser fabrication [7], here a silica-hafnia layer doped with Er3+ ions was coated on a silica microsphere. The dip coating method was employed to coat the sphere because it enables to measure the WGM luminescence also during the dipping process [2]. By measuring the intensity of luminescence outcoupled from the microsphere as a function of the coating thickness we have been able to assess the criticity of the phase matching condition.
2. Theoretical background
To calculate the eigenfrequencies of the whispering gallery modes of a coated sphere the Aden-Kerker generalization of the Mie scattering theory can be used [16,17]. The radial dependence of the electric field of the WGMs is given by the Bessel function in the core, a linear combination of the Bessel and Neumann functions in the coating and by the Neumann function outside of the sphere. The continuity of the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields at the core-coating (r1) and coating-air (r2) interfaces leads to the following system of equations:
Usually, the mode which can be coupled to the most efficiently is the n = 0 fundamental mode because it is the mode which is confined closest to the surface and therefore will have the largest part of its electric filed extending outside of the sphere. The l-|m| = 0 mode is the equatorial mode. The internal modes are the modes with n>0 and the azimuthal modes those with l-|m|>0. Once the eigenfrequencies k are known, the effective refractive index (propagation constant) of the mode can be defined as l/(kR) [18] however the projection of the effective refractive index on the equatorial plane is defined as neff = m/(kR) [19]. In the rest of the paper when mentioning the effective refractive index of a mode (neff) we will be always referring to the projection on the equatorial plane neff = m/(kR) since it is this projection that is collinear with the propagating mode of the taper and will be responsible for the phase-matching of the WGMs with the propagating mode of the taper. Figure 1 shows the effective index of the TE modes as a function of the silica sphere diameter for the fundamental equatorial (n = 0; l-|m| = 0) mode at 1.56 μm and for the 70SiO2-30HfO2 coating refractive index of 1.6. We can see that the effective refractive index changes gradually between the values for a blank SiO2 sphere and a blank 70SiO2-30HfO2 sphere as the coating thickness increases. For coating thicknesses above 2 μm the sphere is very close to the bulk 70SiO2-30HfO2 sphere case, as expected since the localization depth of the fundamental equatorial mode near the surface is of the order of magnitude of the light wavelength (1.54 μm).
Fig. 1
Since the refractive index of the taper is 1.44, the effective index of the propagation mode of the taper will be 1.44 or less. The phase mismatch Δneff is defined as the difference between the effective refractive index of the taper and that of the WGMs. Therefore from Fig. 1 we can see that with increasing thickness from 0 to 2 μm the phase mismatch between the fundamental equatorial mode of the sphere and the taper will increase, saturating to a certain value above 2 μm thickness. If the coupling condition is dependent on the phase mismatch as suggested in literature [19] we would expect a decrease of the coupling efficiency with increasing thickness. On the other hand, when increasing the thickness the overall percentage of the electric field inside the coating will increase. If the coating is doped with an optically active material we expect that the luminescence intensity will be directly proportional to the percentage of the electric field inside the coating. Figure 2 shows the distribution of the integrated electric field inside the sphere core (black curve), coating (red curve) and surrounding medium (air) (blue curve) versus the coating thickness for a WMG at 1560 nm and for a sphere 155 μm in diameter. We see that when increasing the coating thickness from 0 to 4 μm the percentage of the electric field inside the coating increases, saturating above 4 μm. Also it is interesting to note that the percentage of the electric field inside the surrounding medium (air) does not exhibit significant variation with increasing thickness, staying in the range 5-10% and having a maximum at around 0.5 μm.
Fig. 2
3. Experimental
The microspheres were produced by melting the tip of a standard optical telecommunications fiber. The diameter of the microsphere was found to be 155 ± 5 μm using a standard optical microscope. The microsphere was coated with a film of composition 70SiO2-30HfO2 activated with 0.3% mol Er3+. The films were coated using the dip coating technique. The sol was prepared by mixing a solution of Si(OC2H5)4 (TEOS), HCl, H2O, CH3CH2OH (ethanol) and HfOCl2. The molar ratio between TEOS, water and the catalyst (HCl) was n(H2O): n(Si(OC2H5)4): n(HCl) = 200:100:1. The molar ratio between the TEOS and HfOCl2 was chosen to be n(Si(OC2H5)4): n(HfOCl2) = 70:30 on the basis of previous experiments [20]. The overall amount of Si and Hf in the sol was controlled so that c(Si(OC2H5)4) + c(HfOCl2) = 4.48 10−4 mol/mL in order to have a sol viscosity which makes the dipping rate 30 nm/dip. Er(NO3)3 x 5H2O was added to activate the film so that the molar concentration of Er3+ in the sol is 0.3% mol. The mixture of TEOS, HCl and H2O was prehydrolised at 65 °C for 1 hour before adding the HfOCl2 and the Er (NO3)3 x 5H2O. The entire mixture was then stirred for 16 h until the sol became transparent. Each microsphere was dipped 30 times into the sol. The dipping speed was 40 mm/min and the dipping time 20 s. After each dip the microspheres were densified at 900 °C for 50 s and after every 10 dips an additional densification was made for 2 min. At the end of the deposition a final densification for 5 min at 900 °C was made [21].
The measurement of the whispering gallery modes was done using a microsphere-taper coupling setup. A 1480 nm fiber diode laser was used for the pumping. The pump laser was passed through an optical isolator in order to eliminate the back reflection of the laser. The pump laser was made pass through a tapered fiber with a waist radius less than 3 μm in order to achieve coupling with the microsphere. The coupling is achieved by moving the taper close to the sphere so that the evanescent field of the taper and of the whispering gallery modes of the microsphere overlap. The pump laser is coupled inside the microsphere where it is absorbed by Er3+ ions inside the coating which in turn emit in the C-band wavelength region around 1550 nm. The emission will be greatly enhanced at wavelengths which correspond to the WGMs of the microsphere. This emitted light is then coupled out of the sphere and into the taper. Since the 1480 nm pump laser line is broad enough to encompass several WGMs the coupling of the 1480nm laser should not depend on the actual WGM spectra since we will always be able to couple to a number of modes. The detected luminescence signal should therefore depend primarily on the outcoupling efficiency of the 1550 nm emission to the taper. A C/S band filter wavelength division multiplexer (FWDM) was used to filter out the S-band 1480 nm pump line and to pass through to the detector only the C-band emission. The signal was detected by a Anritsu MS9710B optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). The scheme of the experimental setup is reported in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3
4. Results
The sphere was coated with 0.3 mol% Er3+ 70SiO2-30HfO2 thin film. The refractive index of the film is around 1.6 [21]. The dipping rate when dipping on a flat 3" silica slide using the same protocol is around 30 nm/dip as measured by m-line [21]. Although it is possible that the dipping rate on a microsphere can differ from the dipping rate on a silica slide, we assume that this difference is quiet small. Figure 4 shows the WGM photoluminescence spectra of a 155 μm sphere after 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 dips, respectively. The background signal in absence of coupling is also reported for each spectrum. All the measurements were done paying special attention to always keep the same coupling point between the sphere and the taper. The measurements were always done at the same point along the taper, in the equatorial plane of the sphere and in contact. A gradual increase of the luminescence intensity with the increase of the coating thickness can clearly be observed. In Fig. 5 the dependence of the average integrated luminescence intensity is presented as a function of the number of dips and of the percentage of the fundamental WGM electric field inside the coating. Computations have been made as described above, by assuming an average dipping rate of 30 nm/dip. Since the coupling point is never absolutely the same each time we take the sphere from the dip coating apparatus to the sphere-taper coupling setup, a series of measurements was made varying slightly the coupling point in a region in which we estimate that the sphere-taper contact point can vary between different alignments. From these measurements we estimated the relative experimental errors reported as vertical error bars in Fig. 5. The increase of the luminescence intensity with the increase of the coating thickness is evident. This is in agreement with the fact that the amount of the WGM electric field inside the active layer increases with increasing thickness as mentioned above. On the other side the coupling efficiency should decrease with increasing thickness, because of an increased phase-mismatch, and this should lead to the decrease of the WGM luminescence intensity. We can therefore conclude that the phase matching condition is not the most important one for this kind of coupling scheme. The fact that increased thickness means more active material at the surface of the sphere appears to be more important. The increase of the luminescence intensity with the increase of the coating thickness is evident. This is in agreement with the fact that the amount of the WGM electric field inside the active layer increases with increasing thickness as mentioned above. On the other side the coupling efficiency should decrease with increasing thickness, because of an increased phase-mismatch, and this should lead to the decrease of the WGM luminescence intensity. We can therefore conclude that the phase matching condition is not the most important one for this kind of coupling scheme. The fact that increased thickness means more active material at the surface of the sphere appears to be more important.
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
5. Discussion
To explain the fact that the intensity of the luminescence increases linearly with the coating thickness we first have to identify which modes are the ones that are excited. Let us first consider the internal modes. The excitation of internal modes could explain the luminescence intensity behavior since the internal modes have a lower effective refractive index than the fundamental mode. In Fig. 6 it can be seen that the first internal mode (n = 1) for 1 μm coating thickness has a much better phase-matching with the tapered fiber than the fundamental mode. We expect, however, that the internal modes excite less active material, since they are confined deeper in the sphere with respect to the fundamental mode and their electric field is located closer to the sphere core, as it can be seen in Fig. 2. Therefore we can exclude that they could give a significant contribution to the erbium emission while the major contribution is expected to be from the fundamental (n = 0) modes which are localized in the optically active coating. We can prove that the observed modes (Fig. 4) are not the internal modes, by measuring the experimental free spectral range (FSR) of the observed modes and comparing them with the theoretical expectations for the fundamental and internal modes.
Fig. 6
Figure 7 shows the measured FSRs for different numbers of dips as well as the theoretical calculations for the FSR for the fundamental (n = 0) and the first two internal modes (n = 1,2). We can see that in the thickness range from 20 to 45 dips (0.6-1.25 μm) the free spectral range is constant around 3.1 nm which is in agreement with the expected behavior of the fundamental mode. The internal modes should have much larger FSRs for thicknesses lower than 1 μm. In particular the difference in the FSRs between the fundamental and the first internal mode for 1 μm thickness should be around 0.4 nm which is clearly distinguishable with the optical spectrum analyzer we have employed, which has a resolution of 0.07 nm. Therefore, we conclude that the observed modes cannot be assigned to the internal ones and that the thickness dependence of the luminescence intensity cannot be explained with the better phase matching of the internal modes with respect to the fundamental modes. To explain the non-dependence of the luminescence intensity on the phase matching we can consider the fact that the coupling region is very localized in space. The coupling region will extends from the point where the taper is in immediate contact with the sphere to the point where the distance between the fiber and the sphere becomes larger than the length of the evanescent tail of the WGMs. Such a length for our spheres is about 200-250 nm depending on the coating thickness. Since the radius of the sphere is 155 μm, just using simple geometry we conclude that the effective coupling length should be around 15 μm, which corresponds to about 10 wavelengths. Let xλ be the number of wavelengths over the coupling length and Δneff the phase mismatch defined above. When xλΔneff >>1 there is no coupling while if xλΔneff <<1 the phase-matching condition would not influence the coupling at all. From Fig. 1 we can see that in the case of the fundamental equatorial (n = 0; l-|m| = 0) mode for 1 μm thickness xλΔneff is more or less of the order of magnitude of 1 so that the phase-matching condition should be greatly relaxed; some influence of the phase-matching, however, is still expected. We can further discuss the luminescence behavior by considering the coupling to the azimuthal modes. They are degenerate in frequency with respect to the equatorial mode but their effective refractive index is lower than of the equatorial l-|m| = 0 mode since the effective refractive index is defined as neff = m/(kR). Therefore, the different azimuthal modes should give a quasi-continuum (dense distribution) of neff, its value for the equatorial mode representing the upper limit of the distribution. The lower limit is bounded only by the fact that for very low m values the electric field will starts to expand over the fiber stem on which the sphere is attached. The spacing between two azimuthal modes is of the order of magnitude of 1/(kR)≈0.0015 which means that the phase-mismatch Δneff between the sphere and the taper has to be less than 0.0015. This phase mismatch is not enough to accumulate a significant phase difference over the 15 μm long coupling region.
Fig. 7
6. Conclusion
Using a suitable sol-gel deposition process we can gradually change the effective refractive index of a silica sphere by coating it with a material of known refractive index. We coated the microspheres with Er3+- activated silica-hafnia thin films and studied the effect of the increase of the coating thickness on the WGM luminescence intensity. We observed that the intensity of the luminescence increased linearly with the coating thickness. The role of coupling on the luminescence intensity behavior was discussed for different WGMs. From FSR measurements we demonstrated that the observed modes could not be assigned to the internal ones(n = 1,2).
Considering the quantum number m, we found that for the equatorial mode the phase-matching condition should be greatly relaxed but still present. For the azimuthal modes the phase mismatch is not enough to accumulate a significant phase difference over the coupling region that is very localized in space. We therefore conclude that in order to couple light in and out of a microsphere, the refractive index of the microsphere is not highly critical to achieve efficient coupling. Because of the high number of azimuthal modes, in fact, it is always possible to phase-match to one or more of these modes regardless of the sphere refractive index. This is a very important conclusion since it means that for practical applications of microspheres (such as micro-lasers or sensing) there is a high degree of freedom in the choice of the sphere material and coupling scheme, making it much easier to construct practical devices based on microspheres.
This research was performed in the framework of the NSBMO research project "Novel silicon based materials for optoelectronics" (2010-2013) of the Provincia Autonoma di Trento and the CNES R&T project SHYRO (2011-2014). A. R acknowledges support from the Conseil Régional de Bretagne. The authors are grateful to Cristina Armellini (IFN-CNR), Stefano Varas (IFN-CNR), Maurizio Mazzola (IFN-CNR) and Franco Cosi (IFAC-CNR) for their invaluable technical contribution. D.R and M.F. acknowledge extremely useful critical discussion with Yann Boucher (ENI Brest) and Yanne Chembo (FEMTO-ST).
References and links
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2. G. C. Righini, Y. Dumeige, P. Féron, M. Ferrari, G. Nunzi Conti, D. Ristić, and S. Soria, "Whispering gallery mode microresonators: fundamentals and applications," Riv. Nuovo Cim. 34, 435–488 (2011).
3. A. Chiasera, Y. Dumeige, P. Feron, M. Ferrari, Y. Jestin, G. Nunzi-Conti, S. Pelli, S. Soria, and G. C. Righini, "Spherical whispering-gallery-mode microresonators," Laser Photon. Rev. 4(3), 457–482 (2010). [CrossRef]
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7. S. I. Shopova, G. Farca, A. T. Rosenberger, W. M. S. Wickramanayake, and N. A. Kotov, "Microsphere whispering-gallery-mode laser using HgTe quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(25), 6101–6103 (2004). [CrossRef]
8. F. Lissillour, D. Messager, G. M. Stéphan, and P. Féron, "Whispering-gallery-mode laser at 1.56 mum excited by a fiber taper," Opt. Lett. 26(14), 1051–1053 (2001). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
9. S. M. Spillane, T. J. Kippenberg, and K. J. Vahala, "Ultralow-threshold Raman laser using a spherical dielectric microcavity," Nature 415(6872), 621–623 (2002). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
10. D. W. Vernooy, A. Furusawa, N. Ph. Georgiades, V. S. Ilchenko, and H. J. Kimble, "Cavity QED with high-Q whispering gallery modes," Phys. Rev. A 57(4), R2293–R2296 (1998). [CrossRef]
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12. J. Li, H. Lee, T. Chen, and K. J. Vahala, "Low-pump-power, low-phase-noise, and microwave to millimeter-wave repetition rate operation in microcombs," Phys. Rev. Lett. 109(23), 233901 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
13. Y. K. Chembo and N. Yu, "On the generation of octave-spanning optical frequency combs using monolithic whispering-gallery-mode microresonators," Opt. Lett. 35(16), 2696–2698 (2010). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
14. L. Mescia, P. Bia, M. De Sario, A. Di Tommaso, and F. Prudenzano, "Design of mid-infrared amplifiers based on fiber taper coupling to erbium-doped microspherical resonator," Opt. Express 20(7), 7616–7629 (2012). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
15. V. S. Ilchenko, A. A. Savchenkov, A. B. Matsko, and L. Maleki, "Dispersion compensation in whispering-gallery modes," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 20(1), 157–162 (2003). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
16. A. L. Aden and M. Kerker, "Scattering of electromagnetic waves from two concentric spheres," J. Appl. Phys. 22(10), 1242–1246 (1951). [CrossRef]
17. M. Han and A. Wang, "Temperature compensation of optical microresonators using a surface layer with negative thermo-optic coefficient," Opt. Lett. 32(13), 1800–1802 (2007). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
18. J. C. Knight, G. Cheung, F. Jacques, and T. A. Birks, "Phase-matched excitation of whispering-gallery-mode resonances by a fiber taper," Opt. Lett. 22(15), 1129–1131 (1997). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
19. B. E. Little, Y. P. Laine, and H. A. Haus, "Analytic theory of coupling from tapered fibers and half-blocks into microsphere resonators," J. Lightwave Technol. 17(4), 704–715 (1999). [CrossRef]
20. A. Chiappini, A. Chiasera, C. Armellini, S. Varas, A. Carpentiero, M. Mazzola, E. Moser, S. Berneschi, G. C. Righini, and M. Ferrari, "Sol-gel-derived photonic structures: fabrication, assessment, and application," J. Sol-Gel Sci. & Technol. 60, 408–425 (2011).
21. R. R. Gonçalves, G. Carturan, M. Montagna, M. Ferrari, L. Zampedri, S. Pelli, G. C. Righini, S. J. L. Ribeiro, and Y. Messaddeq, "Erbium-activated HfO2-based waveguides for photonics," Opt. Mater. 25(2), 131–139 (2004). [CrossRef]


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Update communicated: December 16, 2015Closure dates: December 1, 2015 to December 21, 2015 To accommodate construction for the LYNX Blue Line Extension, 16th Street between North Tryon Street and Parkwood Avenue closed on Tuesday, December 1 and will remain closed until Monday, December 21, 2015. During this closure, westbound motorists can use the detour route of Parkwood Avenue, North Caldwell Street, 12th Street, North College Street and North Tryon Street (shown in blue below). Eastbound motorists can use the detour route of North Tryon Street, 11th Street, North Caldwell Street, and Parkwood Avenue (shown in green below).
Local access to residences will be maintained.
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should make it in 3 or 4 days
i usually like a few trades per week sometimes per day. I've noticed though that every once in a while an opp pops up where you can just BUY and hold for a few days or whatever, swing trade I guess and well this is it.
Last one I had was HLF in the $20's----Now its CLF sub $20's for $20+ maybe 2 days (OPEX shows 15,000 PUT contracts at $20) may be fast 10% gain,,just sayin


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Despite a 4% drop in revenues, Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd. posted its lowest-ever first-quarter operating ratio of 58.9% and reported diluted earnings per share of $3.51, or $2.50 on an…
KCS first-quarter OR drops below 70%
Kansas City Southern (KCS) on April 19, 2016 reported a first quarter 2016 operating ratio of 66.6%, a 2.3-point improvement from 70.5% in first-quarter 2015. KCS also reported first-quarter 2016…
AAR names environmental award recipients
The Association of American Railroads on April 12, 2016 presented Michael Hoey, a CSX Transportation civil engineer from Philadelphia, Pa., the 2016 John H. Chafee Environmental Excellence Award. U.S. Senator…
CSX weathers tough first quarter
Impacted by lower volume, CSX posted first-quarter 2016 net earnings of $356 million, or $0.37 per share, down from $442 million, or $0.45 per share, in the same period of…
Jason Seidl: Pricing expectations slow
Rail price increases will come at a slowing rate over the next 6-12 months, says Cowen and Company Managing Director and Railway Age Wall Street Contributing Editor Jason Seidl. This…
See ya later, what's-your-name
Well, it's all over but the ruminating and regurgitating: Hedge fund king Bill Ackman had his blinders ripped off, read the handwriting on the wall, and wisely deep-sixed his attempt…
CP, Ackman call it quits
On Monday, April 11, 2016, Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd. terminated its efforts to merge with Norfolk Southern Corp.. This includes "withdrawal of a resolution asking NS shareholders to vote in…
DOJ, DOD oppose CP-NS combination
The Surface Transportation Board, in seeking comments addressing Canadian Pacific's petition for an expedited declaratory order, has received letters from the U.S. Department of Justice and the Department of Defense-United…
CSX honors 78 customers with Chemical Safety Excellence Awards
CSX Corp. on April 6, 2016 announced the recipients of its 22nd annual Chemical Safety Excellence Award, recognizing 78 customers for their commitment to the safe transportation of hazardous materials…
Conrail at 40: An experiment that worked
April 1, 1976 was a watershed day in U.S. railroading history. On that day, Consolidated Rail Corp., better known as Conrail, began operating under the auspices of the U.S. government…
Thurston named VP at WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff
David Thurston has been named a Vice President and National Technical Director within the transit and rail technical excellence center of WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff, the company announced April 4,…
RBN Energy: CBR to California "drying up"
Crude by rail (CBR) shipments to California oil refineries have dwindled to a trickle, compared to their December 2013 peak, according to RBN Energy LLC analyst Sandy Fielden.
The day Rollin Bredenberg (and I) changed the course of railroading
April 2016 will be remembered decades from now as the month when Rollin Bredenberg retired as V.P., Capacity Planning & Operations Research at BNSF Railway.
Luther S. Miller, Nov. 30, 1926 – March 8, 2016
Luther Sigsbee Miller, long-time Editor-in-Chief of Railway Age, died March 8, 2016. He was 89.
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Weekly Events
Breakfast and Dharma Study Group - Tuesdays, 7am
Breakfast with conversation in the community room at 7am most Tuesdays, followed by Dharma study group with Kokyo Henkel 7:45-8:45am. Currently we are reading "The Art of Just Sitting: Essential Writings on the Zen Practice of Shikantaza". All are welcome to either or both events, free of charge.
Koan Study Group - Fridays, 1-2pm
Contemplate and explore koans with Neti Parekh, in the zendo. A koan from the Mumonkan will be posted on the bulletin board the week before, with copies available. Anyone may attend any of the sessions, free of charge.
Ordinary Recovery Group - Contact SCZC ( 457-0206 ). Leave message for Rev. Teverbaugh.
A weekly meeting discussing Buddhist practice with addictions, emotions, and relationships. Short meditation, Dharma reading, compassionate discussion and support. Meets in the zendo and is free of charge.
Smiling Heart QiGong - Popular event may return at a different time.
With Andrew Porter - Check here for any more information when available.
Kobun Chino Roshi Monthly Memorial Ceremony
Tuesday, July 26, 6:25am, at time of morning service.
Wednesday Evening Dharma Talk
July 27, 6:35pm – Neti Parekh
Wednesday Evening Dharma Talk
August 3, 6:35pm – Rev. Dana Takagi
How Do We Respond? Climate Change, Climate Justice, and Buddhist Practice
With Neti Parekh. Thursday, August 4, 6:40-8pm (in zendo).
This open discussion group will meet quarterly to share information, views, and insights into how our Buddhist practice can intersect with the unfolding global climate crisis. Its purpose is to support and encourage us to not turn away or feel discouraged, but to see this as an opportunity to embrace our Bodhisattva Vow in all dimensions of life on this precious planet. All are welcome.
First Friday Art Event
August 5, 6:35pm – 8:30pm Jeff Arnett exhibits his stone sculptures and small bronzes. Deborah Good returns to our patio with her photography and Michael Bashista, primarily a stone sculptors, introduces some of his metal pieces for both indoors and outdoors. And, as usual, light refreshments and live music accompany.
Wednesday Evening Dharma Talk
August 10, 6:35pm – Rev. Eugene Bush
4-Day Ocean Breeze Sesshin
Thursday, August 11 - Sunday, August 14 (ends by 4pm Sunday).
Each day includes a talk by Rev. Eugene Bush and oryoki meals. Suggested donation: $35/day for sustaining members, $40 for others.
Wednesday Evening Dharma Talk
August 17, 6:35pm – Patrice Monsour
Full Moon Bodhisattva Precepts Renewal Ceremony
Thursday, August 18, 5:45-6:30pm (instead of evening zazen)
Opening the Mind and Heart Through Film
Friday, August 19, 7-9pm (in community room)
This evening's film is "Enlightenment Guaranteed" a moving comedy about two German brothers who go to Japan to practice in a Soto Zen monastery, becoming transformed in unexpected ways in the process.
Taking Refuge in Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha
6-week class series with Rev. Kokyo Henkel.
Sunday evenings, August 21-September 25, 6:35-8pm.
We will explore Dogen Zenji's essay on refuge in the three treasures, Shobogenzo Kie Sanbo, and its meaning for our lives as practitioners.
Suggested donation: $10/class for sustaining members, $13 for others.
Sobun Katherine Thanas Roshi Annual Memorial Ceremony
Wednesday, August 24, 6:25am, at time of morning service.


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GableStage at the Biltmore
Coral Gables, FL 33134
- Mon-Fri 9am-5pm
Get the Things to Do Newsletter
Sign up for our weekly guide to events in Miami, and never be bored again. With suggestions for every day of the week, our recommendations will keep you busy on any budget.
Upcoming Events Here (2)
Sat., Jul. 30 8:00pm
Related Stories (90)
Accessible Art: The Best Culture in South Florida This Week
Thursday, July 21, 2016 at 8:05 a.m. by Galena Mosovich
Craving culture? Look no further than our incisive roundup of the most interesting activities in South Florida's visual and performing arts scene. Visual & Performing Arts "Zena Posever's Studio: A Passion for People" is on view...
GableStage's The Royale Brings a Local Superstar Back Home
Tuesday, May 24, 2016 at 8:05 a.m. by Hilary Saunders
When The Royale begins, Jay, a heavyweight champion boxer, and Fish, his amateur opponent, line up next to each other. Spotlights shine on both, leaving the rest of the sparse set in the dark. But instead of squaring off against eac...
The Best Things to Do in Miami This Weekend
Friday, March 25, 2016 at 8:05 a.m. by Clarissa Buch
The best time of the week is finally here — the weekend — and Miami offers just about every activity. It's three days of festive cacophony of music, art, and frosty tropical libations. End the weekend with an Easter brunch...
George Bernard Shaw Gets a Musical Treatment at GableStage
Thursday, March 24, 2016 at 11:05 a.m. by Hilary Saunders
For a play set in the 19th century, George Bernard Shaw's Candida is frighteningly still relevant. Throughout his life, the Irish playwright and critic harbored allegiances to Marxism, gradualism, and eventually, Fabien Socialism. A...


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Cisco Survey Tracks Top Cloud ConcernsData Center
As the role of cloud computing grows stronger, IT decision makers in 13 countries shared their plans and concernsRead More
Meet Omar Sultan: Data Center Blogger and Twitter ExpertDigital and Social
With over 180 blog posts under his belt, Omar shares secrets to his Twitter and blogging successes as wellRead More
Getting your retail network ready for cloud computingRetail and Hospitality
Last week at the Interop conference in Las Vegas Cisco announced the 2012 Global CloudRead More
Cisco and SAP Sapphire: A Study in EffectivenessData Center
A few years ago Cisco and SAP would neverRead More
From TelePresence to Collaboration: Cisco Partners Share Their ExpertisePartner
From time to time we like to spotlight our partners and the services they provide. We met some greatRead More
Wrapping Up Cloud Carrier Forum 2012SP360: Service Provider
Greetings from (very) sunny Las Vegas! I am here at the second annual Cloud Carrier Forum (CCF), and thisRead More


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The best way to relax is when you're in a zone where you feel at ease, safe and comfortable. This is where I get peace of mind from any uncertainty and anxiety life can bring. It's like setting a mental boundary between the world where I stand and the reality in distinguishing its purpose.
Tuesday, July 19, 2016
Monday, July 4, 2016
The Basic Personal Make-up Workshop with Di Marasigan at TCMI Fashion Academy Philippines
Never stop learning. Never stop believing that you can reach for your dreams and do the things that you're passionate about. If you're lacking confidence in achieving your goals and if you're too anxious about the result, think again. Always remember that if you quit doing what makes you really happy, then you will never ever get it!
Wednesday, June 15, 2016
The Pinto Art Museum
Sunday was well spent because I finally got the chance to visit one of the Philippines finest Museums, The Pinto Art Museum owned by art collector Dr. Joven Cuanang . It's a chance visit for me to learn and appreciate more the collection of Philippine contemporary art. Exact location is at 1 Sierra Madre St, Grand Heights, Antipolo City, Rizal.
Saturday, June 11, 2016
For The Love of Calaguas
I have a bundle of unique experiences during my stay in Calaguas Island that is located in the Philippine province of Camarines Norte. The beautiful paradise brought me to the state of being tranquil. The calm surface of the sea is nearly motionless but I have this emotional excitement inside giving me the guts to do whatever I want without worrying much about the future. This is a trick to a more enjoyable get away, leave all things behind, pay attention to your surroundings, love, appreciate and just seize the day.
Thursday, June 2, 2016
One Morning at Caffera (Photo+Cafe)
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•January 1, 1970
View photos from your favorite games
View photos from your favorite games
Vernon: Of course Mark Cuban supports Clinton. He's a billionaire and Clinton is bought and paid for by him and his 1% cronies. The financial elites got tired of dealing with the #$%$ bible-thumper tea party droolers who have taken over the Republicans, so they've moved over to the Democrats and bought them at bargain prices. Hillary is a lying psycho Wall Street shill who has managed over the years to use her connections to avoid felony jail time, perfect for Mark Cuban.


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We have visited this casino a couple of times lately and have seemed to win a little bit of money on the slots and black jack table. We have only spent the night once and the room was ok for us. The location is great and the view of the water is ok.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Palace Casino Resort is the only smoke free casino on the Mississippi Gulf Coast and the premiere destination for luxurious accommodations, superior guest service and endless excitement. Nestled along the beautiful Gulf of Mexico and Biloxi's Back Bay, the resort offers newly renovated hotel rooms and suites with stunning views, award winning restaurants, non-stop gaming, championship golf at The Preserve Golf Club and amazing amenities to complement your stay. ... more less
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GIGABYTE P35T-DQ6 (DDR3) Reviewed
By: Cameron Johnson | Socket LGA 775 in Motherboards | Posted: Aug 16, 2007 4:00 am
Comment | Email to a Friend | Font Size: AA
TweakTown Rating: 92%Manufacturer: GIGABYTE
HD Tach
Version and / or Patch Used: 184.108.40.206
Developer Homepage: http://www.simplisoftware.com
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- Page 1 [Introduction]
- Page 2 [Specifications]
- Page 3 [Inside the Box]
- Page 4 [The Board]
- Page 5 [BIOS and Overclocking]
- Page 6 [Test System Setup and Memory Performance]
- Page 7 [Benchmarks - PCMark05]
- Page 8 [Benchmarks - Worldbench]
- Page 9 [Benchmarks - Adobe Premiere Elements 2.0]
- Page 10 [Benchmarks - HDD Performance]
- Page 11 [Benchmarks - 3DMark06]
- Page 12 [Benchmarks - Prey]
- Page 13 [Benchmarks - Far Cry]
- Page 14 [Power Consumption Tests]
- Page 15 [Final Thoughts]
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By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
7/10/2014 (2 years ago)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
Peru may be making the procurement of an abortion easier. The South American nation, along with many others on the continent, have had very stringent laws on taking the life of a child in the womb through procured abortion. Every procured abortion always kills a child. That little girl or boy has a fundamental human right to life. Abortion advocates say that more recent legislation will now make the procedure more accessible there.We do not use the phrase "terminating a pregnancy" on Catholic Online because it is one of those terms used by those who oppose the fundamental human right to life of the little boy or girl in the womb. The pregnancy always ends because the child is killed.What is really terminated is a life.
Women who become pregnant as a result of the crime of rape are not allowed an abortion in Peru because the child in the womb is also recognized as having a right to life. The U.N. is attempting to coerce Peru to change its laws to allow abortion in cases of rape.The legislators of Peru do not want to promote another crime in response to horrendous crime of rape. The death of the child would also be a criminal act.
By Catholic Online (NEWS CONSORTIUM)
Catholic Online (www.catholic.org)
7/10/2014 (2 years ago)
Published in Americas
Keywords: Peru, abortions, law, rape, right to life, United Nations
LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - Peru's current abortion guidelines follow recommendations made by the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. In a 2011 ruling, the U.N. said Peru had violated the human rights of a 13-year-old girl, known only as "L.C." who was denied an abortion.
We do not use the phrase "terminating a pregnancy" on Catholic Online because it is one of those terms used by those who oppose the fundamental human right to life of the little boy or girl in the womb. The pregnancy always ends because the child is killed.What is really terminated is a life.
Laws in Peru currently allow abortions when a woman's health or life is at risk. The "health exception" has been in many cases as a kind of "loophole" to allow abortions. The phrase "risk to health" has a lot of "wiggle room."
The Center for Reproductive Rights", an organization which opposes the Right to Life of the child in the womb and uses "Reproductive Rights" as a propaganda term to hide the facts, indicated to the local press that in the case of L.C., doctors refused the procedure because they said it posed a threat to her pregnancy, which was the result of rape. L.C. had a miscarriage. She was also rendered quadriplegic.
Let's all pray that people make the right decisions --
"In addition to implementing the new guidelines, we also urge the state to provide reparations to L.C. and other women who have suffered greatly because of Peru's failure to provide legal abortion services," the abortion advocacy organization said in a statement.
Women who become pregnant as a result of rape are not allowed an abortion in Peru, as in many other Latin and South American Nations, because the legislators have determined that taking the life of the child conceived as a result of one crime would only result in another crime.
The U.N. has pressured Peru to change its laws to allow abortion in cases of rape.
The abortion advocacy Center for Reproductive Rights told the press, "The devastating impact of criminalizing abortion in cases of rape is particularly far-reaching in Peru, which has the highest rate of reported rape in South America."
A Peruvian law prohibits emergency contraception to Peruvian women who get pregnant as a result of rape for the same reason that procured surgical abortion is not allowed. Much of what is euphemistically called "emergency contraception" is abortion inducing. If the child has already been conceived, he or she is denied a place of development in the womb.
By Kenya Sinclair (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
Researchers have discovered several Christian inscriptions in Latin and Spanish within a series of caves on the Caribbean island of Mona. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - According to the study 'The Mona Chronicle': the archaeology of early religious encounter in ... continue reading
By Kenya Sinclair (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
Babies are being slaughtered across Latin America in a heartbreakingly misguided attempt to spare them from their own bodies. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - The Pan American Health Organization alerted the public to a list of severe birth defects and complications ... continue reading
By David Drudge (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
A Catholic layman is living in Rome, accused of sexually abusing members of a religious organization that he founded. Despite efforts from his own organization to investigate him, he remains untouchable. LOS ANGELES, CA (California Network) - Luis Fernando Figari is ... continue reading
By Marshall Connolly (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
Pope Francis will not accept donations with 666 in the sum, it turns out. The Holy Father rejected a sum from Argentine President Mauricio Macri, donated to an educational foundation within the Vatican. The two Argentinians have an adversarial relationship and it's ... continue reading
By Kenya Sinclair (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
A replica of Noah's famous Ark was created by Johan Huibers between 2008 to 2013 in the Netherlands, where it has attracted several hundred-thousand visitors - and it's preparing for its maiden voyage to Brazil just in time for the 2016 Olympic summer games! LOS ... continue reading
By Rafael Tavares (CNA/EWTN News)
The reported gang rape of a 16-year-old girl by more than 30 men in Rio de Janeiro has sparked protests in the country - and condemnation by an official of the local archdiocese who met with the victim, and who called it "a brutal, inhuman act." Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ... continue reading
By Abigail James (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
Images of a Virgin Mary statue with a single red 'tear' streaming down her face has spread rampant through social media prompting hundreds of pilgrims to visit the statue in Columbia. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - The statue located in Floridablanca, Columbia is ... continue reading
By Marshall Connolly (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
The world is hardly paying attention, but the nation of Venezuela is in full-collapse. Its economy has imploded, and its politics are in turmoil. The nation is beset with shortages of critical goods, and the beer supply has run out. Soldiers patrol the streets, tasked ... continue reading
By Kenya Sinclair (CALIFORNIA NETWORK)
In a shocking move, Olympic organizers have decided to distribute 450,000 condoms to athletes participating in the Rio de Janeiro Olympics this year. LOS ANGELES, CA (Catholic Online) - Under the ruse of "equality," the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has decided ... continue reading
By Walter S�nchez Silva (CNA)
In what's been labeled an "absurd" move, a judge in Colombia has banned prayer and "fraternal hugs" at the start of Cartagena city council sessions as well as local educational institutions. Cartagena, Colombia (CNA) - The ban on civic prayer - as well as the baffling ... continue reading


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A Periodic Look at Performance And Where Investor Money is Moving
Giving Back Gains
In the latest quarter, U.S.-stock funds gave back part, but not all, of the gains they rang up in the first three months of 2012.
The average diversified U.S.-stock fund posted a negative 4.6% return for the three months through June, as investors fretted about the strength of the U.S. recovery and about the debt crisis in Europe. That left the funds up an average of 7% so far this year, after a 12.3% advance in the first quarter, according to Thomson Reuters Corp.'s Lipper unit.
Dividend-focused equity-income funds had some of the smallest losses, returning an average of negative 2.2%. Many investors have turned to income-oriented stock funds as a relatively conservative stock-market play and, in some cases, as an alternative to bond funds in an era of ultralow interest rates.
Diversified international-stock funds fell harder than U.S.-focused funds, returning a negative 7.1% in the second quarter, according to Lipper. That leaves them with an average gain of 3.8% for the first six months of 2012. Emerging-markets funds fell 8.5%, leaving them up 4.3% for the year to date.
Journal Report
- Read the complete Quarterly Investing in Funds report .
Bond funds generally saw low but positive returns. The average fund holding intermediate-term investment-grade debt returned 2%, bringing it to a 3.5% return year to date.
Stock Outflows Accelerate
As stock returns skidded in the past few months, outflows from U.S.-stock funds increased.
Mutual funds focused on U.S. stocks saw investors pull out a net $35 billion in the second quarter, through June 27, up from net withdrawals of $15.5 billion in the first quarter, according to estimates from the Investment Company Institute trade group.
International-stock funds continued to take in new cash, collecting a net $15.9 billion. As usual in recent years, far more money went into bond funds: a net $58.9 billion through June 27, according to the ICI.
Quarter Ahead
The Securities and Exchange Commission may issue a proposal on money-market mutual funds. Chairman Mary Schapiro suggested last month that funds might have to choose between setting up a capital cushion or letting share prices float.
Tax-savvy investors may want to realize losses on funds that have fallen in value since purchase. Two stock categories that have struggled over the past year: precious metals and emerging markets. Losses can offset gains on other investments; investors can immediately shift into similar but not identical holdings if they choose.
Ms. Damato is a news editor for The Wall Street Journal, based in South Brunswick, N.J. Email her at email@example.com.


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James Harden's Subtle Sense of Humor on Full Display in New Foot Locker Ad
The chill, '70s vibe that James Harden gives off in interviews seems to be his genuine personality. He's like the Billy D. Williams of the modern NBA, but instead of smooth malt liquor ads set in front of a roaring fireplace, Harden does seriously funny ads for Foot Locker, including this newest commercial featuring him in a recording studio trying to capitalize on the best year of his career.
The only question is whether or not that is really him singing. I suppose it doesn't matter. The point gets through.
This continues a line of commercial successes for Harden dating back to his days with Oklahoma City. Probably the best of the bunch is the Take a Supermodel to Work Day ad featuring his then teammate Kevin Durant and Kate Upton.
In addition to his skill on the floor, Harden is damn funny in front of the camera.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 3, 1979
|Filing date
|Sep 28, 1977
|Priority date
|Mar 26, 1975
|Publication number
|Toshio Shiina
|Original Assignee
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (15), Classifications (22)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation, of application Ser. No. 669,558, filed Mar. 23, 1976, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to a sheet feed and positioning mechanism which may be advantageously utilized for feeding and positioning an original document for electrostatic reproduction on a platen of a copying machine.
In the present state of the art of electrostatic copying, an original document for copying is placed face down on a glass platen for imaging. This operation is generally performed by hand. Copying of a large number of identical documents is necessarily slow due to the length of time required for this manual operation.
Automatic mechanisms for feeding original documents onto platens are known, which utilize the center of the document as a reference and generally comprise timers or complicated mechanical arrangements for terminating the feeding at the proper point. All of such known mechanisms are, however, inaccurate, complicated and expensive to manufacture.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a sheet feed and positioning mechanism which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a sheet feed and positioning mechanism comprising endless belts which move a document in the form of a sheet over the surface of a platen at an angle to the edges of the platen into aligning abutment with elongated stops disposed along the edges of the platen toward which the sheet is moved.
Other objects, together with the foregoing, are attained in the embodiment described in the following description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of part of an electrostatic copying machine and a sheet feed and positioning mechanism embodying the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an overhead view of the sheet feed and positioning mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the sheet feed and positioning mechanism; and
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view of part of the sheet feed and positioning mechanism.
While the sheet feed and positioning mechanism of the invention is susceptible of numerous physical embodiments, depending on the environment and requirements of use, substantial numbers of the herein shown and described embodiment have been made, tested and used, and all have performed in an eminently satisfactory manner.
A sheet feed and positioning mechanism embodying the present invention is designated as 10 in FIG. 1 and is disposed on top of an electrostatic copying machine 12. The copying machine 12 as shown has various features such as copy paper cassettes 14 and 16 for copy paper of different sizes and a switch 18 for selecting one of the two cassettes 14 and 16. Other switches are generally designated as 20 which are provided to control the copying operation.
Referring also to FIGS. 2 and 3, the copying machine 12 comprises a rectangular glass plate or platen 22 which is substantially horizontally disposed. An original document 24 for reproduction is adapted to be placed face down on the platen 22 for imaging exposure. The mechanism 10 comprises a body 26 which is pivotally connected to the copying machine 12 by a shaft 28 so that the body 26 can be rocked away from the platen 22 to the position shown in phantom line in FIG. 1. When the original document 24 is in sheet form as shown, the body 26 is in the position shown in solid line and a presser plate 30 is pivoted to the position shown. To copy a thick original document such as a book (not shown), the body 26 is rocked to its phantom line position and the book is placed face down on the platen 22. The presser plate 30 is rocked downward into pressing engagement with the book to hold the desired page in firm engagement with the platen 22. Also shown are a receiving tray 32 to receive the document 24 after it is discharged from the mechanism 10, a copy receiving tray 33 to receive copies from a discharge opening 35 and a drive gear box 34 provided next to the body 26. If desired, the gear box 34 may be made integral with the body 26, although not shown.
Referring in combination to FIGS. 1 to 3, the body 26 has an upper surface 36 over which the document 24 is slid as indicated by an arrow. An elongated stop 40 is provided along a first edge 42 of the platen 22 and a second elongated stop 44 is provided along a second edge 46 of the platen 22. An idler shaft 48 is disposed along the edge 42 and supports a plurality of idler pulleys 50, only one of which is designated, for rotation. A drive shaft 52 is rotatably supported along a third edge 54 of the platen 22 and has a plurality of drive pulleys 56, only one of which is designated, fixed thereto for unitary rotation. The number of drive pulleys 56 is equal to the number of idler pulleys 50 and the pulleys 50 and 56 are equally spaced on the shafts 48 and 52 respectively. A plurality of endless belts 38 are trained over the pulleys 50 and 56 to form a plurality of parallel runs 58, only one of which is designated. The runs 58 form an angle of preferably 5° with the second edge 46 so that the lower surfaces of the runs 58 move both forwardly and laterally over the platen 22 toward both the stops 42 and 44.
The body 26 is formed with an inlet 60 through which the document 24 is inserted into the body 26. A feed idler shaft 62 is disposed along the third edge 54 of the platen 22 parallel to and above the drive shaft 52 and has its opposite ends slidable in vertical grooves 64 in the body 26 (only one groove 64 is visible). A plurality of feed idler rollers 66, only one of which is designated, are rotatably supported by the shaft 62 above the drive pulleys 56 respectively. As shown in FIG. 4, the shaft 62 is pivotally supported at a right end of a lever 68 which is pivotal about a shaft 70. The lever 68 is biased counterclockwise in FIG. 4 by a tension spring 72 so that the rollers 66 are held out of engagement with the belt 38. The left end of the lever 68 is pivoted to a plunger 74 of a solenoid 76 so that when the solenoid 76 is energized the plunger 74 will rotate the lever 68 clockwise against the force of the spring 72.
Shown in FIG. 3 is a guide member 78 having a concave surface facing the third edge 54 of the platen 22. A switch 80 is provided at the inlet 60 and has an actuator member 82 extending downwardly into the path of the document 24 as the document 24 is inserted into the inlet 60. Another solenoid 84 is provided which, when energized, moves the stop 40 downwardly to the position shown in FIG. 3. The switch 80 and solenoids 76 and 84 are connected to a control unit 86 as will be described below.
In FIG. 2, a drive motor 90 is mounted in the gear box 34 which has a shaft 92. A gear 94 is fixed to the end of the shaft 92 which meshes with a gear 96 rotatably mounted on the drive shaft 52. A clutch 98 is provided to connect the gear 96 to the drive shaft 52 when a solenoid 100 is energized by the control unit 86.
In operation, the solenoid 76 is initially de-energized so that the feed idler rollers 66 are held above the belts 38 by the spring 72. The solenoid 100 is de-energized so that the clutch 98 is decoupled and the drive shaft 52 is stationary. The solenoid 84 is de-energized so that the stop 40 is raised upward away from the edge 42 of the platen 22.
To feed the document 24 onto the platen 22, the operator simply inserts the document 24 into the inlet 60. A leading edge 150 of the document 24 engages with the actuator member 82 of the switch 80 to close the switch 80. The control unit 86, in response, energizes the solenoids 84, 100 and 76. Energization of the solenoid 84 causes the same to move the stop 40 downwardly below the edge 42 of the platen 22. Energization of the solenoid 100 causes the clutch 98 to engage thereby connecting the drive shaft 52 to the shaft 92 of the motor 90 to be driven thereby. The shaft 52 and drive pulleys 56 rotate clockwise in FIG. 3 to move the belts 38 clockwise as shown by arrows.
Energization of the solenoid 76 causes the lever 68 to pivot clockwise thereby moving the feed idler rollers 66 downward into engagement with the document 24. The document 24 is pinched between the feed idler rollers 66 and the portions of the runs 58 of the belts 38 which are trained over the tops of the drive pulleys 56. The document 24 is thereby fed rightwardly in FIG. 3 into engagement with the guide member 78. Due to the configuration of the guide member 78, the document 24 is guided downwardly and then leftwardly and inserted between the lower surface of the belts 38 and the platen 22. As a trailing edge 152 of the document 24 clears the actuator member 82, the switch 80 opens. In response, the control unit 86 de-energizes the solenoid 76 to disengage the feed idler rollers 66 from the belts 38.
The belts 38 are trained over the pulleys 50 and 56 in such a manner that a clearance of preferably 0.2 mm is left between the bottom surfaces of the belts 38 and the upper surface of the platen 22. When, however, the drive pulleys 56 are driven the upper portions of the runs 58 will be stretched whereas the bottom portions of the runs 58 will be slackened. In this manner, the bottom surfaces of the belts 38 engage with the upper surface of the document 24 sufficiently to move the document 24 over the surface of the platen 22. The direction of movement is both leftward toward the stop 40 in FIG. 3 and rightward in FIG. 2 toward the stop 44. The edge of the document 24 facing the stop 44 aligningly abuts thereagainst so that even if the edge of the document 24 was not originally parallel to the stop 44 it will be made parallel thereto through the abutment. The straightened document 24 is moved straight leftward thereafter since further movement toward the stop 44 is impossible. The leading edge of the document 24 then abuts against the stop 40 and is stopped completely thereby. Due to the above described clearance between the belts 38 and platen 22, although the belts 38 engage with the document 24 sufficiently to move the same into abutment with the stops 40 and 44, the engagement of the belts 38 and the document 24 is yieldable to the extent that the belts 38 will slide over the surface of the document 24 when the document 24 is in abutment with the stops 40 and 44.
The document 24, in alignment with the stops 40 and 44 is in a predetermined position for an imaging exposure by the copying machine 12. The control unit 86 is provided with a first timer (not shown) which de-energizes the solenoid 100 at a predetermined time after the leading edge 150 of the document 24 closes the switch 80 which is sufficient for the leading edge 150 to abut against the stop 40. This stops movement of the belts 38 during the imaging exposure. At the same time, a signal is fed from the control unit 86 to the copying machine 12 to initiate the imaging exposure.
After another predetermined time which is sufficient for the copying machine 12 to complete the imaging exposure, a second timer (not shown) of the control unit 86 re-energizes the solenoid 100 to resume movement of the belts 38 and de-energizes the solenoid 84. As an alternative arrangement, the copying machine 12 may feed a signal to the control unit 86 signalling the end of the imaging exposure. De-energization of the solenoid 84 causes the stop 40 to move upwardly out of the path of the document 24 so that the belts 38 move the document 24 off the platen 22 onto the receiving tray 32.
Many modifications are possible within the scope of the present invention. The solenoid 76 may be omitted and the feed idler rollers 66 urged into contact with the belts 38 at all times. The clutch 98 and solenoid 100 may be omitted and the belts 38 driven continuously. The switch 80 may be omitted and a similar switch, photosensor or the like provided at the stop 40 to initiate the imaging exposure.
If at least one timer is provided in the control unit 86, it need not be of high precision and may be of simple configuration comprising a resistor-capacitor discharge circuit or mechanical cam (not shown). The operation of the mechanism is also free from disturbances arising from variations in temperature, power supply voltage, etc.
The present mechanism is especially suitable for an automated system for copying a stack of debit notes or the like, in which a separator-feeder (not shown) would be provided to feed the documents one by one into the inlet 60.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 22, 1924
|Feb 22, 1927
|Aldrich Lester Kyle
|Automatic register
|Aug 23, 1966
|Feb 27, 1968
|Xerox Corp
|Card handling-scanning device
|Apr 27, 1971
|Jan 9, 1973
|Gaf Corp
|Automatic diazo copier
|Nov 22, 1971
|Jul 24, 1973
|Addressograph Multigraph
|Document feeder control circuit
|Jun 12, 1972
|Oct 29, 1974
|Document feed device
|Oct 23, 1975
|May 17, 1977
|Savin Business Machines Corporation
|Semi-automatic document feeder
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 30, 1979
|May 19, 1981
|Xerox Corporation
|Conforming document aligner
|Feb 19, 1980
|Feb 23, 1982
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Copier and recirculating document feeder
|Feb 28, 1983
|Mar 27, 1984
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Original aligning device
|Jul 26, 1982
|Apr 3, 1984
|Ricoh Company, Ltd.
|Sheet feed apparatus
|Mar 8, 1982
|Apr 3, 1984
|The Mead Corporation
|Sheet registration device
|Mar 24, 1982
|Aug 14, 1984
|Mita Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Electrostatic copying apparatus
|May 29, 1984
|Feb 25, 1986
|Gaspar A. H. Bijttebier
|Process and apparatus for registering sheets
|Aug 17, 1989
|Aug 13, 1991
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Method and apparatus for adjusting posture of sheets
|Nov 4, 1994
|Mar 25, 1997
|Documotion, Inc.
|Paper edge justifying conveyor
|Nov 19, 1996
|Jul 27, 1999
|Wing Design Limited Liability Company
|Method and device for counting cut sheets
|Sep 29, 1998
|Jan 30, 2001
|Belt driven media handling system with feedback control for improving media advance accuracy
|Aug 1, 1983
|Mar 21, 1984
|Xerox Corporation
|Sheet feeder with retractable gate
|Oct 15, 1984
|Jun 19, 1985
|Gradco Systems, Inc.
|Semi automatic document feeder
|Dec 5, 1989
|Jun 27, 1990
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Register mechanism for printing printer and printer with said register mechanism
|Apr 21, 1980
|Oct 30, 1980
|Canon Kk
|Text orientating device
|U.S. Classification
|271/7, 271/274, 271/236, 271/265.01, 271/245, 271/251
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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Started by
Squirrel, October 24, 2010
Posted October 24, 2010
or not
haha wtf kind of defensive front is that? kinda cool...
Memo to Captian" Ted Ginn sucks anyway dude"
So your opinion of Moore right now.
He's doing fine, but he's showing the problem runs far deeper than our QB... which I think we knew.
Who is predicting a touch down by the panthers in the first half?
Stevey Smith taking punts again
That massive crowd noise screwed em up. What a great stadium atmosphere!
not much different from clausen
Stephon Smith!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1111111 YEAH!!!!!!!!!!
Good D Munnerlyn.
Smith comes back from ankle and is returning?
Ya smitty


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The Amarillo Dillas couldn't find an answer to Alexandria starter Buddy Bengel.
Bengel threw eight innings of five-hit ball in an 8-1 United League Baseball win at Alexandria, La., on Sunday.
The Dillas fell to 24-28, one game behind third-place Alexandria (25-27).
Dillas starter Stevenson Agosto was effective through five innings but trailed 3-1. Then Alexandria jumped on him for five runs in the sixth, highlighted by Keto Anderson's two-run home run.
The Dillas scored in the third when Justin Wanger singled home Brett Donahoo, who had doubled.
The Dillas will return home to play host to the Laredo Broncos at 7:05 tonight.
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If someday, many years in the future, I look back and try to pinpoint the exact moment when I first began my inevitable crawl toward creaky obsolescence, my mind will probably land on that time I spent $15 on a used vinyl copy of the 1977 LP "The Story of Star Wars." This is something I did last week — even though, like many men in their 40s, the story of Star Wars is already indelibly imprinted on my brain, somewhere alongside the 30-year-old "Weird Al"...
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