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Summer Term 2016 Student Loan Deadline
July 21, 2016
LEGO Enthusiast Volunteers Needed for Block City
July 21, 2016
Attention Experiential Learning Students
July 21, 2016
Attention: July 27 Verification Target Deadline
July 21, 2016
DHL's Innovation Center Launches 2016 Innovation Challenge on Fair & Responsible Logistics
July 14, 2016
One-Semester Housing/Meal Plan Optional Contract for Graduate Students
July 14, 2016
Illinois Tech Bookstore – Summer Publisher Returns
July 12, 2016
Academic Resource Center (ARC) Summer Hours
June 14, 2016
- Summer Term 2016 Student Loan Deadline
Swimming and Diving Release 2016-17 Schedules
July 05, 2016
Women's Volleyball Releases 2016 Schedule
June 21, 2016
Twelve Student-Athletes Named Non-Sport USCAA All-Academic
June 16, 2016
Women's Soccer Releases 2016 Schedule
June 14, 2016
Keating Sports Center Summer Hours
June 02, 2016
- Swimming and Diving Release 2016-17 Schedules
Information Technology and Management (ITM) Archive
IIT Project Presentations and Demonstrations by Students in Real-Time CommunicationsApril 23, 2013Join us for presentations, demonstrations and poster sessions about the Real-Time Communications projects created by students in IIT's School of Applied Technology. On the Agenda: • WebRTC-based Projects and Test-bed • The Emergency Services IP Network (ESInet) — Layer 5…
The Annual Gamma Nu Eta National Convention Held at IITApril 11, 2013IIT's Beta Chapter of Gamma Nu Eta hosted the Gamma Nu Eta national convention at IIT's Main Campus on Friday, April 5 - Sunday, April 7. Gamma Nu Eta is a National Information Technology Honor Society, and was founded to recognize and promote excellence in the study and the leadership of information technology, to offer knowledge and services to members' schools and the surrounding communities, and to play an active role in the application and evolution of Information Technology within society.
Pi Day Celebrated with Raspberry PiMarch 18, 2013March 14 may seem like just an ordinary day but not at Illinois Institute of Technology. While there are no Hallmark cards to commemorate it, that date is Pi Day at IIT. Students from the Information Technology Management Organization (ITMO) used Pi Day as a cause for celebration with a "Raspberry Pi" that they ordered from Chicago-based electronics distributor Newark element14. Newark Element14 is not a bakery and Raspberry Pi is not an edible pie, but rather, a fully functional $35 single-board computer that is the latest "must-have" technology item.
A CIO slideshow, "How Different Tech Degrees Measure Up," identifies IIT as a college offering Information Technology degrees, noting the high job placement rates for IT degree holders.March 14, 2013Read more…
ComputerWorld asks "Which tech degrees pay the most from day one?," and talks with Information Technology and Management Associate Director Ray Trygstad and Computer Science Director of Undergraduate Programs Matt Bauer to help find the answer.March 5, 2013NetworkWorld ComputerWorld NZ …
ITM Faculty and Students Work with NENA to Test 911 Emergency Services at IIT Real-Time Communications LabOctober 25, 2012More than 50 vendors and National Emergency Number Association (NENA) representatives gathered to test the interoperability of products supporting an all-IP backbone for the delivery of emergency 9-1-1 services, and in particular support their use by the hearing impaired community, at an event at the IIT Real-Time Communications Lab at Rice Campus.
ITMO Game Show Night at The BogAugust 16, 2012Meet the Information Technology and Management Organization at The Bog on August 23 for a night of FREE bowling, ping-pong, billiards, video games, snacks, drinks, and giveaways. On The Bog stage, we will host games from the game show, Minute…
Information technology and management undergraduate Carly Swanson, who was awarded the Anders Tjellstrom Baha Scholarship from Cochlear Americas last month, is profiled in the Glendale Heights Press's "Overcoming deafness helps woman connect with world."March 9, 2012Read more…
IIT Information Technology and Management undergrads Waylon Janowiak and Joshua Hensley, who with graphic designer Jenna Compton founded GoSosh, a startup that allows businesses to reward customers through social media, are featured in a RedEye article, "Billionaire or bust." Richard Komaiko, a recent Chicago-Kent grad who started attorneyfee.com, recalls the lean early days of his company.February 21, 2012Read more…
Information technology and management undergraduate Carly Swanson has been awarded the Anders Tjellstrom Baha Scholarship from Cochlear Americas, named for the Swedish physician who pioneered the use of the awarding company's Baha Implant device.February 15, 2012Read more…


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Flour Mills of Nigeria Says First-Quarter Profit Declines
Flour Mills of Nigeria Plc, which processes grains and imports cement, said profit declined 30 percent in the first quarter.
Net income retreated to 2.28 billion naira ($14.9 million) in the three months through June compared with 3.27 billion naira a year earlier, it said in a statement published on the Lagos-based Nigerian Stock Exchange's website today. Revenue advanced to 45.9 billion naira from 43.5 billion naira.
Wheat prices increased 9 percent in the year through June. This curbed profit, Esili Eigbe, a Lagos-based analyst with Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc, said by phone today. "We are still bullish on the company," he said.
Flour Mills' revenue was line with Vetiva Capital Management Ltd.'s expectations, while profit missed estimates, Adedoyin Adelakun, a consumer-goods analyst at the Lagos-based company, said by phone.
"We expected a conservative 3 percent improvement" in first-quarter profit, she said, adding the company's "buy" rating is under review.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
30 Inch Freestanding Gas Range with 5.0 cu. ft. True Convection Oven, 5 Sealed Burners with 54,500 BTU Total Output, Simmer Burner, Continuous Grates, Quick Preheat, Effortless Temperature Probe, Auto Keep Warm and One-Touch Quick Self Clean: Stainless St
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33 Inch Side-by-Side Refrigerator with 22 cu. ft. Capacity, 3 SpillGuard Glass Shelves, Gallon Storage, Humidity-Controlled Drawer, Accu-Chill Temperature Management, PUR Water Filtration and External Ice and Water Dispenser: Monochromatic Stainless Steel
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New Products
HaL Software Systems has announced the availability of Ishmail (Information SuperHighway Mail), a multi-media electronic mail tool for Unix systems. Ishmail features a Motif graphical user interface and extensive support for MIME (the Internet standard for multi-media mail). Extensive on-line help, including a user's guide which can be viewed on-line on the World Wide Web (www.hal.com/products/sw), combined with an industry-standard user interface, make this product very easy to learn and to use. Ishmail is available on a variety of Unix platforms, including Linux, SunOS, Solaris, AIX, HP-UX, DEC OSF/1 and Novell UnixWare. Compatibility with the most common Unix mail-folder formats ensures easy transition for new users and coexistence with other e-mail programs.
In addition to on-line documentation, Ishmail utilizes the Internet for distribution and technical support. The product can be down-loaded from HaL's ftp server (ftp.halsoft.com) with a 30-day free, no-obligation evaluation license. If the product is purchased, a permanent license is delivered by e-mail. A single-user license is $99. Multi-user discounts, educational discounts and site licenses are also available. For more information, contact Tom Lang, Hal Software Systems, 3006A Longhorn Blvd., Austin, TX 78758; phone (512) 834-9962 or (800) 762-0253; e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com.
MetaCard Corporation has released MetaCard, Version 1.4, a multimedia development environment capable of playing QuickTime, AVI, FLI and FLC format movies and importing HyperCard 2.2 stacks. It is available in an embedded version as well as a normal development environment. The Linux version is available at a special price of $195; the normal price is $495 for a single-user.
For more information, contact Scott Raney, MetaCard Corporation, 4710 Shoup Pl., Boulder, CO 80303; phone (303) 447-3936; e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Trending Topics
Practical Task Scheduling Deployment
On Demand
One of the best things about the UNIX environment (aside from being stable and efficient) is the vast array of software tools available to help you do your job. Traditionally, a UNIX tool does only one thing, but does that one thing very well. For example, grep is very easy to use and can search vast amounts of data quickly. The find tool can find a particular file or files based on all kinds of criteria. It's pretty easy to string these tools together to build even more powerful tools, such as a tool that finds all of the .log files in the /home directory and searches each one for a particular entry. This erector-set mentality allows UNIX system administrators to seem to always have the right tool for the job.
Cron traditionally has been considered another such a tool for job scheduling, but is it enough? This webinar considers that very question. The first part builds on a previous Geek Guide, Beyond Cron, and briefly describes how to know when it might be time to consider upgrading your job scheduling infrastructure. The second part presents an actual planning and implementation framework.
Join Linux Journal's Mike Diehl and Pat Cameron of Help Systems.
Free to Linux Journal readers.View Now!
|The Firebird Project's Firebird Relational Database
|Jul 29, 2016
|Stunnel Security for Oracle
|Jul 28, 2016
|SUSE LLC's SUSE Manager
|Jul 21, 2016
|My +1 Sword of Productivity
|Jul 20, 2016
|Non-Linux FOSS: Caffeine!
|Jul 19, 2016
|Murat Yener and Onur Dundar's Expert Android Studio (Wrox)
|Jul 18, 2016
- Stunnel Security for Oracle
- The Firebird Project's Firebird Relational Database
- Murat Yener and Onur Dundar's Expert Android Studio (Wrox)
- SUSE LLC's SUSE Manager
- Managing Linux Using Puppet
- My +1 Sword of Productivity
- Non-Linux FOSS: Caffeine!
- Doing for User Space What We Did for Kernel Space
- SuperTuxKart 0.9.2 Released
- Google's SwiftShader Released
Geek Guides
With all the industry talk about the benefits of Linux on Power and all the performance advantages offered by its open architecture, you may be considering a move in that direction. If you are thinking about analytics, big data and cloud computing, you would be right to evaluate Power. The idea of using commodity x86 hardware and replacing it every three years is an outdated cost model. It doesn't consider the total cost of ownership, and it doesn't consider the advantage of real processing power, high-availability and multithreading like a demon.
This ebook takes a look at some of the practical applications of the Linux on Power platform and ways you might bring all the performance power of this open architecture to bear for your organization. There are no smoke and mirrors here—just hard, cold, empirical evidence provided by independent sources. I also consider some innovative ways Linux on Power will be used in the future.Get the Guide


text:
To try the thousands of add-ons available here, download Mozilla Firefox, a fast, free way to surf the Web!Close
Welcome to Firefox Add-ons.
Choose from thousands of extra features and styles to make Firefox your own.Close
Review for Adblock Edge by Ryu
One tiny issue Rated 4 out of 5 stars
While I am glad to have a newer, less bloated version of AdBlock Plus..this thing now blocks out right-clicking on my bookmarks.So...can anyone help on this?ThanksI just had to switch back to AdBlock Plus and the issue with the right-click menu for my bookmarks cleared up. How odd...I'll switch back once this issue has been fixed.Sorry
Another update as of 9-11-13:
One huge problem I had with ABE is that it messed with my other add-ons like GreaseMonkey which made it constantly bring up its Welcome screen and kept putting its icon back on my toolbar even though I took it off repeatedly.
ABE also eliminated my preferences for my SnapLinks too.
I still do not know if I need to first disable AdBlock first before installing ABE or leave it until ABE is installed then disable AdBlock so as of now I had to go back to AdBlock Plus and all my issues disappeared.
Sorry to be a pain here but ABE is a bit too quirky right now.
To create your own collections, you must have a Mozilla Add-ons account.


text:
Fight History
|UFC 63: Hughes vs. Penn
|Eddie Sanchez
|Lost knockout (punches)
|Rounds: 2 Time: 0:17
|UFC 63: Hughes vs. Penn
|Eddie Sanchez
|Lost knockout (punches)
|Rounds: 2 Time: 0:17
WSOF 32 could be the final time current bantamweight champion Marlon Moraes competes for the organization. If that's the case, opponent Josh Hill wants to send him on his way title-less and with a loss.
The UFC closes its insane six-event July schedule on Saturday when UFC 201 takes place at Philips Arena in Atlanta. The two headliners share a high finishing rate throughout their careers, which is a theme for the majority of the fighters scheduled for the card.
Lightweight Islam Makhachev will face no sanctions or suspension after UFC anti-doping partner USADA investigated a positive test for meldonium and determined the substance was ingested "without fault or negligence," a press release announced today.
The UFC returns to Atlanta this week for UFC 201, and the promotion is rolling out the "Embedded" treatment for a preview of Saturday's pay-per-view event from Philips Arena.
Since his decision to move from featherweight back to lightweight, Dustin Poirier has been on one of the most impressive runs in the UFC.
MMAjunkie Radio kicks off today at 1 p.m. ET (10 a.m. PT) with guests Ed Herman and Alexa Grasso.
Stream or download Monday's edition of MMAjunkie Radio with guests Stephen Thompson.


text:
Category: Employee Retention
Jun 23, 2016
Re-Imagining the Employee Experience
By Alexandra Levit
At last week's SilkRoad Connections conference, researchers from Kaiser Associates presented two innovative ways to consider and impact the employee…READ FULL ARTICLE
May 13, 2016
Top Sources of Hire Report: What does this insight mean to your sourcing strategy?
By Amber Hyatt
A competitive, candidate driven market has forced recruiting teams to holistically evaluate their sourcing strategy. Top talent has more employment…READ FULL ARTICLE
Mar 3, 2016
When Being Always On is Burning You Out
By Andrew Kouba
By Meghan M. Biro, founder & CEO, TalentCulture As Learning Technology (and all technology frankly) improves, we have new freedom….READ FULL ARTICLE
Mar 2, 2016
Engage Now, Recruit Later
By Andrew Kouba
How to Hire Talent That Won't Want to Leave The recession is over… which is a good thing for job…READ FULL ARTICLE
Feb 23, 2016
Remove the Fear of Taking Time Off Work
By Guest Post
by Carrie Brewster I recently took a vacation to Florida with my two children ages six and four. It was…READ FULL ARTICLE
Feb 15, 2016
Are Your Millennials Ready To Step Up?
By Andrew Kouba
Introducing the SilkRoad Talent Talk Podcast Channel! By Andrew Kouba, 2016 marks a big year for HR. The industry is…READ FULL ARTICLE
Jan 6, 2016
New Year's Reflections on Job Engagement
By Kevin Sheridan
This time of year, it's natural to become reflective; to reflect on the last year and on resolutions you have…READ FULL ARTICLE
Nov 12, 2015
Hello Stay Interviews, Goodbye Talent Loss [Book Club]
By Andrew Kouba
By Dr. Beverly Kaye Join our book club and download here: Hello Stay Interviews, Goodbye Talent Loss Employees leave companies for a…READ FULL ARTICLE
Nov 9, 2015
Eight Reasons Why Working from Home is a Win-Win for Companies and Employees
By Guest Post
By Kevin Sheridan Is your management team wrestling with the decision to let people work from home (WFH)? It can…READ FULL ARTICLE
Oct 16, 2015
Five Secrets to Retaining Millennials [Infographic]
By Andrew Kouba
The 2015 SilkRoad Connections Conference provided many new insights for attendees. Millennials gave presentations on their hopes, dreams, and expectations…READ FULL ARTICLE
Oct 5, 2015
What Cheryl Strayed's 1,178 Mile Hike Can Show Us About Performance Management
By Guest Post
Agile Performance on the Pacific Crest Trail Today's blog post is from Jim Richmond our Product Manager at SilkRoad When…READ FULL ARTICLE
May 27, 2015
Writing Powerful Performance Reviews: 10 Top Tips from SilkRoad [SlideShare]
By Ryan Rivera
Employee Performance Reviews are feared by many and disliked by most. But like it or not they are necessary, and…READ FULL ARTICLE
Apr 21, 2015
How to Be a Better Leader than a Robot
By Alexandra Levit
Edward Hess, a professor at the University of Virginia's Darden Graduate School of Business and the author of the new…READ FULL ARTICLE
Feb 19, 2015
10 Top Talent Management Trends for 2015 [SlideShare]
By Ryan Rivera
Take a look at our new presentation, Powering Up Talent Management For Business Performance: Ten Top Trends for 2015! Based on…READ FULL ARTICLE
Feb 10, 2015
Engagement lessons from Fallon's Saved by the Bell
By Amber Hyatt
This week social media blew up with excitement over Jimmy Fallon's reunion with the cast of Saved by the Bell….READ FULL ARTICLE


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In this call to arms, community activist Gordon (Piss 'Em All Off: And Other Practices of the Effective Citizen) explores how the institution of a transparent government can enhance civic engagement. He defines "transparency" as the dissemination of detailed information about governmental data in a manner that is "accessible, comprehensible, and enticing." Analyzing recent efforts to promote transparency in several American cities through the use of social media, Gordon concludes that the best programs allow citizens to interact with government officials to shape policies. In his fervent belief in transparency, however, Gordon overestimates its potential benefits, claiming that it is "changing the political landscape." He also makes proposals that are not entirely feasible: not only should government information be widely accessible, he suggests, but governments should also provide citizens with abstracts of each article submitted, as well as information about "mechanisms and processes." Furthermore, Gordon doesn't discuss transparency in relation to lobbyists or campaigning. Gordon's in-depth discussion of governmental transparency is perhaps more suitable for government insiders than lay readers. Agent: Nancy Rosenfeld, AAA Books Unlimited. (Apr.)
Transparent Government: What It Means and How You Can Make It Happenby Donald Gordon
View All Available Formats & Editions
Provides a blueprint for more effective government and greater citizen participation.
"Transparency" has become the new mantra of politicians and pundits alike. But what does it mean in practice? In this informative, clearly written book community activist Donald Gordon defines the essential features of a transparent government and makes a convincing case/b>
Provides a blueprint for more effective government and greater citizen participation.
"Transparency" has become the new mantra of politicians and pundits alike. But what does it mean in practice? In this informative, clearly written book community activist Donald Gordon defines the essential features of a transparent government and makes a convincing case that it is critical for a healthy and maturing democracy and the basic liberties we all take for granted.
Gordon first presents a clear definition of transparency in government and why we should pursue it, followed by a review of the history of transparency in American politics. He then makes the case for how transparency serves as the foundation for active civic engagement.
The heart of the book is Gordon's "Transparency Index." The author examines best practices in measuring transparency and then isolates the critical factors that can be used to assess any type of government and its commitment to transparency. In addition, a scoring system is presented that allows for comparison of government entities.
For anyone who wishes that government were more effective and responsive, this book shows how these goals can be achieved.
Editorial Reviews
In this call to arms, community activist Gordon (Piss 'Em All Off: And Other Practices of the Effective Citizen) explores how the institution of a transparent government can enhance civic engagement. He defines "transparency" as the dissemination of detailed information about governmental data in a manner that is "accessible, comprehensible, and enticing." Analyzing recent efforts to promote transparency in several American cities through the use of social media, Gordon concludes that the best programs allow citizens to interact with government officials to shape policies. In his fervent belief in transparency, however, Gordon overestimates its potential benefits, claiming that it is "changing the political landscape." He also makes proposals that are not entirely feasible: not only should government information be widely accessible, he suggests, but governments should also provide citizens with abstracts of each article submitted, as well as information about "mechanisms and processes." Furthermore, Gordon doesn't discuss transparency in relation to lobbyists or campaigning. Gordon's in-depth discussion of governmental transparency is perhaps more suitable for government insiders than lay readers. Agent: Nancy Rosenfeld, AAA Books Unlimited. (Apr.)
—James N. Druckman, Payson S. Wild Professor of Political Science and Faculty Fellow at the Institute for Policy Research at Northwestern University
"Too few political scientists try to come up with ways of improving our government. Donald Gordon is an exception. Not only does he diagnose the problem of transparency, but he also provides practical and feasible solutions that citizens and politicians can (and should) actually implement."
—Andrew Roberts, associate professor of political science, Northwestern University, author of The Quality of Democracy in Eastern Europe
Product Details
- 9781616149192
- Publisher:
- Prometheus Books
- Publication date:
- 04/15/2014
- Pages:
- 273
- Sales rank:
- 1,127,824
- Product dimensions:
- 5.99(w) x 8.99(h) x 0.73(d)
Read an Excerpt
By DONALD GORDON
Prometheus BooksCopyright © 2014 Donald Gordon
All rights reserved.
What Transparency Is and Why It Matters
"The liberties of a people never were, nor ever will be, secure, when the transactions of their rulers may be concealed from them."
—Patrick Henry, June 9, 1788, Virginia Constitutional Convention
What is this thing we call transparency in government? And why has the word transparency become so ubiquitous that it has replaced the word reform as the new mantra of any politician who wants to get elected or stay in office? In fact, the word transparency has been used so often that it has become virtually meaningless.
How are we to know when the actions of our elected representatives or civil servants contribute to more transparency in government or are simply so much political spin? Does it really matter if we know the difference? Is more transparency in government a good thing and something we should strive for, or can it be a detriment to good governance?
These are important questions that must be answered if we're to survive as a democracy, and, as one of America's founders, Patrick Henry, so aptly put it, if we're to retain our liberties as a free people. Yes, it's that important!
Let's be clear, right from the beginning, that you and I—and every American citizen—have a right to full transparency regarding any facet of our government. It's not a question of what but when. Almost all information about our government should be made accessible as it becomes available—we have the tools to do that. What remains, information that would be classified as sensitive, should be made accessible when it becomes prudent to do so within a reasonable period of time.
There is no information about our government that should be sequestered for an indeterminate period of time or withheld simply to appease the desires of those in government. This isn't just a personal opinion, which you will see as this book unfolds. It is the opinion of many great thinkers who have preceded us throughout our history, so you and I stand on very firm ground—or should I say shoulders? Yet after more than two hundred years, transparency in government continues to elude us. If we are to propose and defend the notion of full transparency in government, we first must come up with an acceptable definition of transparency in government. We all have to be using the same language, so to speak, when talking about transparency. Ask citizens if they are for transparency in government, and they will say yes. Then ask them what it means, and you will get a different, if nuanced, answer every time.
More important, without a definition that can be commonly agreed upon, many in government will spin their own ideas of what transparency means. Experience has shown that their definition will often pale in comparison to the more rigorous interpretation we are about to produce—sometimes so they can avoid the work of providing true transparency, sometimes so they can avoid the awkward and embarrassing exposure that comes with opening government to public scrutiny.
If It Looks Like a Duck ...
If we're to discuss transparency, we must objectively come up with a comprehensive definition that will be immediately recognizable and widely accepted. You know, like distinguishing a duck from, say, a kangaroo. We need the quack, the waddle, and the webbed feet, or we don't have a duck. We need obvious characteristics and discernible boundaries.
So let's start where most definitions start: with a dictionary. I used the Oxford online dictionary, and as you might suspect, its primary definition of transparency is "the condition of being transparent." Well that's not very helpful! Let's move on, then, to its definition of transparent. Several definitions are given, but the meaning that's relevant for us is:
Easy to perceive or detect:
having thoughts or feelings that are easily perceived; open: you'd be no good at poker—you're too transparent
(of an organization or its activities) open to public scrutiny: if you had transparent government procurement, corruption would go away
In particular, note the references to "easily perceived" and "open to public scrutiny." To easily perceive something you need a clear understanding of what it is you're looking at. In other words, it must be comprehensible. When we open government to public scrutiny, the implication is that whatever you're looking at is easily accessible. Keep both of these concepts in mind—comprehensibility and accessibility. We'll need them later.
By the way, the word transparency comes from Medieval Latin (Latin as written and spoken ca.700–ca.1500) meaning "to shine a light through." It was first used in the sense of "easily seen through" in the 1590s. Now, when was the last time you envisioned government of any kind being "easily seen through"? When was the last time you imagined that you, the average citizen, could "shine a light through" the morass of policies and laws that we've come to know as government?
Consider some synonyms for transparent: clear, plain, lucid. Be honest. Are those words that come to mind when you think of government? Now consider some antonyms for transparent: cloudy, dark, opaque. Now we're getting somewhere!
So far we have explored definitions for transparent, and a few synonyms and antonyms to boot. Let's build on all that and apply it toward a practical, empirical definition of transparency in government, one that we can use every day and that we can hold our elected officials and government employees to.
Pick a Card, Any Card
Any magician worth his or her salt is good at the arts of deception and diversion, and a politician is like a magician in a business suit. Often what is sold as transparency is simply the deceptive or diversionary tactic of making disclosure appear to be transparency. But wait—aren't they the same, disclosure and transparency? On the contrary, they are quite distinctive. So, back to the dictionary, which defines disclosure as:
1. The action of making new or secret information known
2. A fact, especially a secret, that is made known3
What's important to point out here is that disclosure, by definition, is simply making information known—be it new, secret, interesting, boring, extensive, trite, whatever. It is the simple act of disclosing. Note that there is no requirement that the information be comprehensible or easily accessible. So remember those two words—comprehensible and accessible. Disclosure could mean making information public that requires a citizen to file a Freedom of Information request (no easy task), appear at a designated location to view the information (not always possible), and do all of this within a very strict time frame (highly unlikely)—with no guarantee the person would understand what he was looking at.
Prior to the advent of the Internet, very little data was digitized, and for the most part the process laid out in the previous paragraph is how you typically got your information, if you could get to it at all. Given the existence of the Internet, you would think it would be easier. On the contrary, information can be even more confusing and even more difficult to obtain. We'll talk about that a little later. What's important to understand now is that the conditions to satisfy full disclosure pale in comparison to those for full transparency, which is why we're sold so much disclosure as if it were transparency. Many in government are happy to provide disclosure so long as they don't have to provide transparency.
So no, disclosure is not transparency, but it is a starting point. You need information to be disclosed in order to achieve full transparency. Disclosure is the foundation upon which transparency is built. You wouldn't live in the foundation of a house, would you? Of course not! You'd expect a structure to be built on that foundation. Think of it this way: Transparency is to disclosure as a house is to a foundation.
Now we could start from scratch to craft our common and comprehensive definition of transparency. But why should we? So many good organizations out there have been working at achieving transparency in government for years and have at least attempted to define transparency within certain constructs. I've looked around at a number of these organizations, and one in particular stood out: Transparency International. The name just about says it all, and it's been around for a while. For over twenty years, this nongovernmental organization has tracked political corruption worldwide, and it has a pretty good track record for understanding the need for political transparency. It currently defines transparency as follows: "Transparency is about shedding light on rules, plans, processes and actions. It is knowing why, how, what, and how much. Transparency ensures that public officials, civil servants, managers, board members and businessmen act visibly and understandably, and report on their activities. And it means that the general public can hold them to account." However, at one time it defined transparency as "a principle that allows those affected by administrative decisions, business transitions or charitable work to know not only the basic facts and figures but also the mechanisms and processes. It is the duty of civil servants, managers and trustees to act visibly, predictably and understandably in such a way as to enable this transparency." It is this older, but no longer expressed version that I prefer as a basis for creating our definition specific to transparency in government.
The key takeaway here is presenting to those affected "the basic facts and figures" as well as "the mechanisms and processes" behind those facts. You can't begin to have real transparency if any of these elements of disclosure are missing. However, what often passes for transparency, what government officials would like you to think is transparency, is merely a bunch of facts and figures—and sometimes not very good facts and figures. And seldom do we get the mechanisms and processes that drive those facts and figures or show us how they were arrived at: the meeting minutes, the decision trees, the e-mails, the phone calls, the memos, and so on. And here's the real kicker: when all is said and done, even if we get the facts, figures, mechanisms, and processes, what we have been given is still only disclosure.
In its definition, Transparency International also presents us with two other important points as we gravitate toward a common and comprehensive definition of transparency. The first is to characterize the audience for transparency in government: "those affected by administrative decisions, business transitions or charitable work." Transparency International does not concentrate only on government but targets a broader range of entities. Because our focus is strictly on government, we are concerned with "those affected by administrative decisions" and legislation.
The second point that Transparency International makes is to characterize who is responsible for transparency and to define their tasks: "civil servants, managers and trustees to act visibly, predictably and understandably in such a way as to enable this transparency." Again, in limiting the scope to government, we would characterize those responsible and their tasks as "civil servants and elected officials to act visibly, predictably and understandably in such a way as to enable this transparency."
In the end, however, the best one can say is that Transparency International gives us a good definition of disclosure, but as we have seen, disclosure isn't transparency. So all we have is a good definition of disclosure and an abbreviated, dictionary definition of transparency. It's time we bring this discussion, and our building of a definition of transparency, to a conclusion. We're ready to put up that house of transparency on our foundation of disclosure.
Ace in the "Whole"
Earlier we distilled two key concepts from the dictionary definition of transparency: comprehensibility and accessibility. Now we're going to use them. Those facts, figures, mechanisms, and processes (disclosure) have to be presented in a way that is accessible and comprehensible. In other words, those who are affected by governmental decisions—in particular, citizens—must be able to get to the information easily (accessibility) and understand what they're looking at (comprehensibility). That might seem obvious to you and me, but it seems to be rocket science to those in government charged with the responsibility to provide transparency.
Accessibility should be effortless given the Internet. Every piece of knowledge seems to make it there, and most of it is free. And getting to information is as easy as opening a laptop, a tablet, or a smart phone and doing a search in any number of easy-to-use browser tools. It's getting to the point that if information isn't digitized, it doesn't exist! When was the last time you went to a library, and how often have you done that recently? And when was the last time you went on the Internet, and how often have you done that recently?
Yet in the dark and cloistered world of government, that message seems to have fallen on deaf ears. Sure, records are being digitized, but for the most part you and I can't get to them. Why is that? After all, it's our information. Yet we have to present a note—a Freedom of Information request—in many situations to get to it. And then we have to make a case for why we want the information. Here's a thought: let's turn Freedom of Information Acts on their Luddite heads and require government agencies to provide a reason why they don't make information available. It does us no good if information, disclosed by various government departments, is available only to intellectuals and scholars who know what to ask for and how to get it. Disclosure without accessibility, or even limited accessibility, is a nonstarter. It's a foundation buried in the rubble of obscurity, with no hope of our being able to construct that house of transparency.
But let's assume that our governmental agency has figured it out, overcome the barriers to access, and in the spirit of best practices made all its information easily accessible. Now what? It's one thing to put a 150-page city budget on the Internet, a mere click away from accessibility, in a portable document format (pdf) that makes it easy to read or print out. It's another thing entirely to present that information in a way that is comprehensible. Sure there are accountants and experts in public policy who could analyze such a document expeditiously, but all the rest of us would muddle through a few pages and give up. Just making information accessible doesn't make it useful. Information has to be presented in a way that the average citizen can digest.
There's one more criterion that we haven't mentioned yet, and it is critical to achieving full transparency from disclosure. The information must be presented in such a way that citizens actually want to examine it. In other words, it must be enticing. In drawing on our analogy, we laid the foundation and built the house using the best materials and going beyond any of the building codes for safety and functionality. But the house is ugly. The contractors did their job, but the architect had no sense of allure or symmetry. So there it stands, but no one wants to live in it! So, too, it is with information. It has to be presented in a way that's interesting, intriguing, and relevant. In other words, it must pass the enticement test: people must want to buy it, or in our case of transparency, buy into it.
What good is it to make information accessible and comprehensible if no one cares to examine it and find it beneficial? The information must motivate individuals to engage in dialogue directed toward improving the efficiencies of their government and mitigating corruption. This is why enticement is so critical to achieving full disclosure from transparency. It is the raison d'être of transparency. It is why we go through the trouble of bringing about transparency out of the morass of disclosure in the first place. Think of it this way: we must ACE disclosure (make it Accessible, Comprehensible, and Enticing) in order to get transparency. So now we have a common and comprehensive definition of transparency:
The principle by which those affected by administrative decisions and legislation are made aware of the basic facts and figures as well as the mechanisms and processes of their government. This information must be presented in a way that is accessible, comprehensible, and enticing, thus motivating citizens to engage in the dialogue necessary to improve the efficiencies of government and mitigate corruption. It is the duty of our elected representatives and of civil servants to act in such ways as to enable this transparency.
Excerpted from TRANSPARENT GOVERNMENT by DONALD GORDON. Copyright © 2014 Donald Gordon. Excerpted by permission of Prometheus Books.
All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
Meet the Author
Donald Gordon teaches political history, civic engagement, and political reform at Northwestern University. Gordon, a community activist for over thirty years in the Chicago area, is planning his second run for alderman. He is the author of Piss 'Em All Off: And Other Practices of the Effective Citizen, which discusses civic engagement based on his years as an activist.
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Dr. Cooney graduated from the Michigan State University College of Human Medicine in 1981. He works in Fairfield, CA and 1 other location and specializes in Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. Dr. Cooney is affiliated with Northbay Healthcare, NorthBay Medical Center and Sutter Solano Medical Center.
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Ionia and Montcalm county land auction set for Monday
Properties will be sold for just a fraction of their value at the annual Ionia and Montcalm county minimum bid land auction Monday.
Properties will be sold for just a fraction of their value at the annual Ionia and Montcalm county minimum bid land auction Monday.
The Aug. 5 primary election date is rapidly approaching. I continue to get questions regarding Proposal 1. I am concerned that many of you say that you are not receiving the flyers that come to my house almost daily. You do not feel you have the information you need to cast your vote.
Five Republicans are vying for two Congressional seats in two of the hottest races of Tuesday's primary election.
Read The Daily News Funeral Notices for Friday, Aug. 1, 2014
Youth soccer is one of the most popular participation sports in, not only the state of Michigan, but the entire United States. In Michigan, according to the Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA), girls soccer has the fourth highest participation total of any sport. On the boys side, soccer has the fifth highest participation numbers.
This village's police department is taking community policing to a whole new level. The first ever Edmore Youth Academy wrapped up Wednesday. Thirteen youths from ages 8 to 14 participated in the first session in mid-July while 10 youths participated in the second session, which ended Wednesday. The youths hailed from Blanchard, Carson City, Cedar Lake, Edmore, Howard City, Sheridan, Six Lakes and Stanton.
When the Greenville Area Car Show held its first event 10 years ago, it was lucky if it had 50 cars line the streets. A decade later, the show has quadrupled in size and draws car enthusiasts from throughout Montcalm County and surrounding areas.
The Central Montcalm Board of Education began a long Wednesday evening by interviewing — for a second time — three men for the position of superintendent.
Read The Daily News Funeral Notices for Thursday, July 31, 2014
Randy Riley's new position may now have him representing the entire state of Michigan, but he'll always refer to the small communities of Hubbardston and Carson City as home. Riley, who was named Michigan's state librarian upon the retirement of Nancy Robertson on April 30th, has spent his first few months becoming acclimated to his new position. In one of his first ventures away from Lansing, he returned to his roots Tuesday by visiting his hometown of Hubbardston and nearby Carson City Public Library.


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Andrew Luck has led the Indianapolis Colts one step further into the playoffs each year in his career thus far. Does this mean a Super Bowl appearance is in store for the 2015 version of the Colts? Based on the returning talent of the roster along with some key additions, it appears that Indianapolis has a legitimate shot to go the distance this season.
Over the offseason Luck gained some valuable weapons to add to an already loaded Colts offense. His receiving corps received a big lift by replacing the retired Reggie Wayne with Andre Johnson who came to Indianapolis via free agency from the Houston Texans. Although Johnson is on the downside of his career,
he does still have some legs and should catch his fair share of passes this season along with young talent T.Y Hilton. Rookie wideout Phillip Dorsett also adds speed and a great set of hands to Luck's arsenal. In the backfield, Colts ticket holders will no longer have to cringe with every handoff to Trent Richardson, as they signed veteran Frank Gore who has showed no signs of slowing down.
In the playoffs last season, the Colts defense was clearly their weakness. In an effort to bolster their squad this offseason, Indianapolis signed some key players such as defensive end Kendall Langford, safety Dwight Lowry, inside linebacker Nate Irving and outside linebacker Trent Cole. Vontae Davis is one of the best cornerbacks in the league and will be looking to mess with opposing receivers all season long.
This season's schedule is a favorable one for the Colts as their first five opponents did not make the playoffs in 2014. The rest of the schedule works out nicely as well with only four teams in last year's post season on the entire 2015 docket. The Colts are ready to take their post season play to the next level and fans could not be more excited. Be sure to secure your Indianapolis Colts tickets today so you don't miss any of the action.


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The girl's name Justina is a Feminine form of JUSTIN. This was the name of several early saints including Justin Martyr, a Christian philosopher of 2nd century who was beheaded in Rome.
Is a variant of Giustinia. The name Justina ranked 1037th in popularity for females of all ages in a sample of the 1990 US Census
Justina (and Justine) are anglicised versions of the Latin name Iustina, feminine of Iustinus, a derivative of Iustus, meaning fair or just.
The name was borne by the 4th century Saint Justina of Padua, who was martyred under Diocletian.
sometimes credited as Justiniana David, was a mid 20th century Filipino film actress, often appearing as a martyred wife, a peasant, or a hopeless mother. Her career began before World War II and extended to the late 1960s.After the war, in 1947, she made a comeback via Backpay with Corazon Noble and Rogelio dela Rosa and Krus na Bituin (Crossed Star) both under LVN Pictures
Justina, Austina, Jestina, Justyna And Justinn Jestina
Justina Name also appears in following Origin(s): Italian, Irish, Czech, Lithuanian, Romanian
Justina also appears in following countries/origins/languages: English, Latin, Australian, Chinese, Danish
Baby girl name meaning Just in French. Justina also named in English, Latin, Australian, Chinese, Danish for girl . We have received lots of suggestion from our website users on baby names. We are thankful for all the contribution on meaning of girl name Justina. What does the name Justina mean in other origin if you know then please suggest. Further suggestion or detail on what is the meaning of name Justina. History of name and famous personality with Justina will help to update our database and other website users.
a Puerto Rican-American actress. She is perhaps best known for role as Vanessa Diaz in the HBO drama series Six Feet Under.Machado was born in Chicago, Illinois, where her family moved to from Puerto Rico. There her parents met and were married. The couple had two children and subsequently divorced. Her mother remarried and had three children. Machado was very active in drama, always participating in her school plays. In 1986, she attended Lane Technical College Prep High School ("Lane Tech") and during her spare time performed with the Latino Chicago Theater Company. [1]
List of French baby names, French babies names, French baby names and meanings has been compiled from various resources. Please use this up to date list of French name as a reference to name your kid/child. This vast database of French names has been compiled from various references and suggestions provided by our web site users and resources partners. This information is developed to primarily serve as a reference. We are unable to respond on request for personalized assistance at the moment. Thank you for your support. Largest list of French baby names with meanings, numerology, popularity and comments.


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Former Rep. Gabrielle Giffords unveils a new ad calling out Congress for failing to act on the gun violence issue. CNN and MSNBC will air the spot before and after the State of the Union address on Tuesday.
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Get certified - Transform your world of work today
See all CSM courses near ChennaiSee all CSM courses within India.
Satisha Venkataramaiah
Date: 1-2 February, 2014
Location: Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
Regular Price: INR 26,000 + tax
This workshop focuses on covering the CSM learning objectives listed on Scrum Alliance site (http://www.scrumalliance.org/resources/2747)
However, we know people are different. Not everybody is a Chris Gayle nor everybody is a Rahul Dravid. Every individual has their own strengths and styles. We will interact with you a week before the workshop and design a unique workshop to suite the participants.
We will learn together about Scrum from each other. Expect to have lots of fun while you learn as the workshop is loaded with:
· A lot of group activities
· A few games and simulations
· Some real life stories
· Some short funny videos
· ZERO slides
So you can expect to have more fun, get involved in activities, sit less and learn more.
After you complete the course, you'll know
On successful completion of the course, you'll receive
Have more questions on training and certification, visit this link: http://www.scrumalliance.org/pages/faq_training_and_certification
Please visit here to register for the workshop.
All CSM courses are taught by Certified Scrum Trainers. Taking a CSM course, passing the CSM test, and accepting the license agreement designates you as a Certified ScrumMaster, which indicates that you have been introduced to and understand the basic concepts you need to perform as a ScrumMaster or team member on a Scrum team. This course also satisfies two elements of the CSD track: Scrum Introduction and Elective.
Venue:Kohinoor Asiana Hotel1/238, Old Mahabalipuram Road (OMR)SemmencherryChennai, Tamilnadu 600119 Indiahttp://www.asianahotels.com/location-map.htmGet Directions
Empirical Process
Getting Started with Scrum
Scrum Roles
Day 2: Scrum in Action
Product Backlog
Scrum in Action: Simulation
Agile Estimation and Planning
Scaling Scrum
It really doesn't matter who you are as long as you want to get started with Scrum. You are welcome even if you are
- a software engineer,
- a mechanical engineer,
- a manager,
- a publisher,
- a wedding planner,
- an event manager,
- an experienced ScrumMaster,
- a going to be ScrumMaster
- a CXO etc.
All are welcome to come and co-learn.


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Def Leppard Tickets
Def Leppard tickets on sale now for all Def Leppard concerts. See below for all current Def Leppard tour dates.
Playing hits from their extensive career, Def Leppard has decades of music to draw upon any given night. From early favorites off "On Through the Night" and "High 'n' Dry" to their biggest hits from "Pyromania" and "Hysteria", there are so many great songs Def Leppard may play in concert that it is not a surprise Def Leppard tickets are popular year in and year out!
Some Def Leppard songs likely to hear at a show:
- Rock! Rock! (Til You Drop)
- Too Late for Love
- Animal
- Photograph
- Rock of Ages
- Bringing on the Heartbreak
- Pour Some Sugar on Me
Def Leppard Tickets New York & New Jersey
We sell Def Leppard tickets for the entire tour with a strong focus particularly on Def Leppard tickets in New York and New Jersey. Whether they are at the Jones Beach Amphitheatre, Susquehanna Bank Center in Camden, PNC Bank Arts Center in Holmdel or any other concert venue in New York or New Jersey, Select-A-Ticket has great Def Leppard tickets at great prices for you to choose from.
|Aug 10, 2016
Wed 7:00PM
|Def Leppard, REO Speedwagon & Tesla
Def Leppard in Concert
View footage of Def Leppard in concert!


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Special Events and Activities
Spring Arts Festival | April 23, 2016 | 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.
Visit the Spring Arts Festival website for more information on activities and events. Click here!
Spring Capstone Exhibitions Feature Student Artwork
School of Art and Design students completing their Bachelors of Fine Arts and Art Education degrees participate in capstone exhibitions that showcase artwork of various disciplines and materials representing individual styles and high levels of conceptual ability. This spring, the students' work will be presented in two back-to-back exhibitions. All exhibitions and receptions are housed in the Fine Arts Gallery in the Wilson Building on the Kennesaw campus. Free and open to the public.
Capstone Exhibition I: Graphic Communications
March 2 - March 23, 2016
Reception: March 7th, 5 - 7 p.m.
Capstone Exhibition II: Studio Art
March 29 - May 1, 2016
Reception: April 11, 5 - 7 p.m.


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About Us
Welcome to our store! We are Lisino, Professional Bicycle Accessories, Bicycle Parts,Cycling Jerseys,Cycling Protective Gear,Bike Tools & Maintenance Seller.
Including Bicycle Mirror,Stickers, Helmet,Mudguard, Pedal, Brake/Transmission System, Rear Rack,Tire/Tyre, Basket,Saddle,Lighting,Bell, Lock,Speed Meter,Handlebar Grips,Bag,Water Bottle,Mask,Gloves,Lamp Clip,Pump,Outdoor Tools,etc.
High product quality, reasonable price, excellent customer service and a reliable credit standing is our tenet.Please add our Aliexpress shop to your "My Favorites" list.Please come back soon and visit us again.
Q: Which countries do you ship to?
A: We ship to most of the countries but reserve the right of not shipping to certain countries due to long customs checking time or high loss rate.
Q: How long should I expect to receive my item?
A: We ship to USA by china post ( about 8-15 business days ). We will post your item by China post within 3 business days (excludes Sat, Sun and Chinese holidays) after the payment is cleared. In most cases, the delivery time is 15-35 business days. But some countries may take more time due to strict customs checking.
Q: Will I be informed after you have posted my items?
A: Yes, we will update the tracking number in your purchase record. We not only sell products. We sell services as well.
Q: What can I do if I don't receive the item for long time?
A: Please be patient, usually your item is stuck in customs or your local post office only. But if you don't receive your item after 35 business days (about 55 days), please contact us and we will help to track the item.
Q: Does the price include import duty taxes?
A: No, as different countries have different tax rates. Buyer is responsible for any customs taxes. Please contact your customs if you are not sure. Usually, we ship it as gift.
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Dear customer:
If u like our store pls add our store to u store list,
We will supply u more good cycling product.
Thanks dear!


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July 26, 2016, 6:10 am
Daily Dose of Cuteness For The Day
Read More »
July 25, 2016, 10:06 am
This is all being compiled to post, but here are some early highlights: • – The Trainer Level Cap is 40. • – Egg's cap at Level 20, so if you get an Egg at Level...
July 25, 2016, 9:54 am
July 25, 2016, 9:25 am
Picture via intsagram. Click the link below to find out whose butt it is
July 25, 2016, 6:52 am
A Wisconsin teenager was the belle of the ball at a prom held to celebrate her life.
Dressed in a turquoise mermaid gown, her usually purple hair dyed a similar shade,...
July 25, 2016, 6:12 am
July 22, 2016, 8:30 am
July 22, 2016, 8:02 am
YES! I would have used ALL the golden buzzers. Yes!
July 21, 2016, 10:10 am
Check out the photo gallery! He's grown so much in 2 months... Being a mommy is hard work (which all parents know) but my goodness...it's the best thing on the planet. HANDS...
July 21, 2016, 9:34 am
Jordan Fisher played his first show and Ben Rector was so impressed he called him out on stage! See them BOTH at Gtopia TOMORROW, July 22!
Watch below:


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Wagoner, 317th Amb. Co., 80th Div.; of Wayne County; son of L. A. and Mrs. Nina Mayo. Entered service Sept. 17, 1917, at Raleigh, N.C. Sent to Camp Lee, Va. Sailed for France May 25, 1918. Fought at Argonne Forest. Returned to USA June 1, 1919. Mustered out at Camp Lee, Va., June 13, 1919.
Jake G. Mayo
MLA Source Citation:AccessGenealogy.comNorth Carolina World War 1 Military Records. AccessGenealogy.com. Web. 29 July 2016.
https://www.accessgenealogy.com/north-carolina/jake-g-mayo.htm- Last updated on Nov 14th, 2011
This page is part of a larger collection. Access the full collection at North Carolina World War 1 Military Records.


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Due to organ shortage and difficulties for availability of cadaveric donors, living donor transplantation is an important choice for having allograft. Live donor surgery is elective and easier to organize prior to starting dialysis thereby permitting preemptive transplantation as compared to cadaveric transplantation. Because of superior results with living kidney transplantation, efforts including the usage of "Medically complex living donors" are made to increase the availability of organs for donation. The term "Complex living donor" is probably preferred for all suboptimal donors where decision-making is a problem due to lack of sound medical data or consensus guidelines. Donors with advanced age, obesity, asymptomatic microhematuria, proteinuria, hypertension, renal stone disease, history of malignancy and with chronic viral infections consist of this complex living donors. This medical complex living donors requires careful evaluation for future renal risk. In this review we would like to present the major issues in the evaluation process of medically complex living kidney donor.
Advances in immunosuppressive therapy, refinement in surgical techniques and in public awareness, altruism, and goodwill have allowed an increase in the number of living donor kidney transplantation; whereby, virtually all biological related, unrelated and medically and psychosocially suitable individuals can be considered as donors [1–6]. Live donor surgery is elective and easier to organise prior to starting dialysis than when the renal donor is a cadaver. In addition, living donor transplants have the advantage of being performed with minimal delay, thereby permitting preemptive transplantation (transplantation prior to dialysis). There is also increasing evidence that patients who undergo preemptive transplantation have improved graft survival compared to those who undergo a period of dialysis before transplantation [7]. Because of superior results with living kidney transplantation, efforts including the usage of "medically complex living donors" are made to increase the availability of organs for donation [8]. The term "complex living donor" was used first by Reese et al. [9] in the International Forum on the Care of the Live Kidney Donor which was held on April 2004 in Amsterdam [7]. The objective of this meeting was to develop international consensus on the standard of care and define the responsibility of the transplant community for the live kidney donor [7–9]. The term "complex living donor" is probably preferred for all suboptimal donors where decision making is a problem due to the lack of sound medical data or consensus guidelines. After this meeting, complex living donors were categorized based on certain risk factors (Table 1). The risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in complex living donors is not clear yet. The evaluation of a potential renal allograft in living donors varies from country to country. In this review we would like to present the major issues in the evaluation process of medically complex living kidney donor.
First of all, to avoid conflict of interests, the proposed donor should be carefully evaluated by a physician not involved in the care of the proposed recipient. The physician must confirm that the patient's wish to donate is voluntary. Informed consent is a core value in living kidney donation. Prior to donor nephrectomy, the potential donor must be informed of [10] the following.
Additionally, the potential donor should be capable of understanding the information presented in the consent process.
Previously, older kidney donors, such as those over 50 years of age, were not considered as suitable. However, the kidneys from such donors are now commonly used if these individuals are in good physical and mental condition and have adequate kidney function. A survey of kidney transplant centers in the United States in 2007 showed that almost 60 percent of centers had no upper-age limit for kidney donors [11]. However, the influence of donor age on the outcome of living donor kidney transplantation is not clear yet. In a retrospective study by Kumar et al. [12], the long-term outcomes of 112 recipients of kidneys from elderly (>55 years) living related donors were compared with 87 recipients who had younger donors (<45 years). The graft and patient survival rates were similar at one year and five years after transplantation between the two groups [12]. There was also no additional morbidity or deterioration of preoperative blood pressure (BP) and renal function at one year in the elderly donors. Another study from the Mayo Clinic by De La Vega et al. [13] also showed similar results. Overall graft survival, patient survival, and death-censored graft survival at three years did not differ significantly between the recipients of older (>50 years) and younger (<50 years) living donor kidney grafts [13]. However, there were also studies that reported conflicting results [14, 15]. In these studies, significantly poorer graft survival rates were found in kidney transplant recipients from elderly donors [14, 15]. In an analysis of 2.540 living donor kidney transplants at the University of Minnesota, Matas et al. [16] identified donor age greater than 55 years to be a significant risk factor for late graft loss. Advanced age can increase the risk for perioperative complications, but there is no data on long-term outcomes for this specific group in the literature [17].
Obesity (BMI > 30kg/m2) in proposed living donors is associated with increased risk for surgical complications as well as future medical problems including diabetes, hypertension, nephrolithiasis, glomerular disease with associated albuminuria or overt proteinuria, and ESRD [18–20]. The relative risk for developing ESRD is threefold for a BMI between 30 and 35kg/m2 and nearly fivefold for a BMI of 35–40kg/m2 [18–20]. The following consensus guidelines regarding obese donors were suggested at the Amsterdam Forum on the Care of the Live Kidney Donor [7].
According to our transplantation protocol we also advise lifestyle modifications including diet and exercise to our obese donor candidates.
Urine dipstick testing in the absence of fever, trauma, menstruation, or intensive exercise should be repeated twice to confirm the presence of microscopic hematuria. Isolated microscopic hematuria (defined as >3–5 urinary sediment red blood cells (RBCs)/HPF) may not be a contraindication to donation. RBCs with glomerular origin have a dysmorphic appearance observed by phase-contrast microscopy and automated RBC analysis. Patients with persistent microscopic hematuria should not be considered for kidney donation unless urine cytology and a complete urologic work up are performed [7]. If urological malignancy and stone disease are excluded, a kidney biopsy may be indicated to rule out glomerular pathology such as IgA nephropathy. Additionally, Suzuki et al. reported the presence of latent mesangial IgA deposits in approximately 16% of biopsies obtained at the time of transplantation from both living and deceased donors otherwise considered healthy [21].
Proteinuria greater than 250mg is a marker of glomerular pathology and renal disease. Proteinuria should be assessed as a standard part of the donor evaluation process. The collection should be repeated and its accuracy checked when the result is abnormal. An overestimate of proteinuria should be suspected if total urine creatinine-to-body-weight ratios are greater than 25mg/kg (>20μmol/kg), especially in those with low muscle mass. Various laboratories have different normal values of quantitated urine protein, but a consensus was reached in Amsterdam forum to conclude that a 24-hour urine protein of >300mg is a contraindication to donation [7]. Forum participants also concluded that microalbuminuria determination may be a more reliable marker of renal disease, but its value as an international standard of evaluation for kidney donors has not been determined. The presence of microalbuminuria should preclude donation.
Hypertension has been considered to be a contraindication in potential renal transplant donors. However, the precise risk to donors who have borderline elevation in BP and those with a family history of hypertension has not been conclusively determined. In general, screening for hypertension in a potential donor includes BP measurement on three separate occasions [7, 22]. According to the guideline by Joint National Committee (JNC 7), BP should preferably be measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) [22]. Most transplant centers exclude prospective donors with BP ≥ 140/90mmHg by ABPM from donation. An echocardiogram may be considered to evaluate for cardiac hypertrophy in cases with borderline high BP or abnormalities suggesting cardiomegaly or left ventricular hypertrophy on chest radiograph or electrocardiogram, respectively. Some patients with easily controlled hypertension who meet other defined criteria (e.g., ≥50 years of age, GFR ≥ 80mL/min, and urinary albumin excretion < 30mg/day) may represent a low-risk group for development of kidney disease after donation and may be acceptable as kidney donors [7]. The following consensus guidelines regarding hypertensive donors were adopted at the Amsterdam Forum on the Care of the Live Kidney Donor [7].
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an increasingly common cause of ESRD. When the recipient has diabetes mellitus, the risk of related donors developing diabetes later in life is a major concern. All potential living donors should have a fasting plasma glucose estimation to exclude undiagnosed diabetes or glucose intolerance. Most transplantation centers regard established diabetes mellitus as a contraindication to living donation, and many centers exclude individuals deemed as high risk. Although little is known as to whether single-kidney status would accelerate the progression of diabetic nephropathy, there were experimental studies suggesting the increased risk of developing diabetic nephropathy after nephrectomy [23]. A study by Silveiro et al. [24] also suggested that nephrectomy in a patient with type 2 diabetes might increase the progression of disease and microalbuminuria. Another study by Seaquist et al. [25] reported increased risk for the development of diabetic nephropathy in the relatives of patients with diabetic nephropathy (type I). The protocol in our institution is to advise lifestyle modifications including weight control, diet, exercise, and tobacco and excessive alcohol avoidance to proposed donors with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and other risk factors. High risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes include those with a familial history, a BMI of ≥30kg/m2, women with the history of gestational diabetes, and excessive alcohol use. All other potential living kidney donors related to recipients with diabetes may also have a preexisting increased risk of developing diabetes and diabetic nephropathy [26]. According to International Amsterdam forum on living donor care, individuals with a history of diabetes or fasting blood glucose of ≥126mg/dL (7.0mmol/L) on at least two occasions (or 2-h glucose with OGTT ≥ 200mg/dL (11.1mmol/L)) should not donate [7]. However, there was also no comment in this forum about the acceptance of any related donor of a patient with diabetic nephropathy [7].
A history of urinary tract stones is at least a relative contraindication to donation because urinary system stones tend to recur and may cause obstruction of a solitary kidney. However, renal transplantations performed from donors with kidney stones were reported previously [27–29]. According to Amsterdam forum an asymptomatic potential donor with a history of a single stone may be suitable for kidney donation if [7] he possessed the following characteristics.
Contraindications to donation in individuals with urinary stones are (1) nephrocalcinosis on X-ray or bilateral stone disease; and (2) stone types that have high recurrence rates and are difficult to prevent, such as the following.
Asymptomatic potential donor with current single stone may be suitable if [7]
Incidental renal stone detected by magnetic resonance or computerized tomography renal angiography is relatively common (7.4%) in the report from the single center by Kim et al. [30]. Authors reported that kidneys from donors with small (median radius: 2mm) and nonobstructive stones could be acceptable provided with normal metabolic studies. Another important point is the age of the donor. Younger patients have a longer exposure to risk of recurrence. A stone initially detected in a person older than 50 years is unlikely to recur. In contrast, the risk for stone recurrence is higher in donor candidates aged 25–35 years and must be considered during the evaluation process of donors [7, 29].
Kidney donor candidates should be screened for both personal and family history of malignancy. They should undergo standard age- and gender-appropriate screening tests as recommended by national organizations. A prior history of the following malignancies usually excludes live kidney donation [7].
A prior history of malignancy usually excludes live kidney donation but may be acceptable if [7].
An oncology consultation is also advised to donor candidates with a history of malignancy during the donor evaluation process.
HIV positive status is a contraindication for donation. Donor with a positive hepatitis C Virus (HCV) serology may be only considered for donation to a HCV positive recipient, if the donor PCR is negative, certain genotypes (genotype 4) are treated and eradicated from the donor, and there is no evidence of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis on liver biopsy. There is no data on live kidney transplantation from HCV positive donors; however, cadaveric renal transplantations from HCV positive donors to HCV positive recipients were reported [35]. In this report, concerns regarding HCV superinfection if a different HCV genotype of a positive donor is transmitted to a recipient were also stated [35].
Although the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in a potential kidney donor generally excludes the individual from live kidney donation [36]. In our unit, living related kidney transplantations from donors with a positive HBsAg to HBV negative recipients were performed with lamivudin prophylaxis when the donor is HBV DNA PCR negative and the recipient's anti-HBS titer is > 100mIU/mL. Another important point is that even if HBsAg is negative, screening for HBV core total antibody (IgM and IgG) should be performed to exclude low levels of HBsAg and escape mutants of HBV not detectable by the current screening assays for HBsAg [7].
Tuberculosis is a common infection of renal transplant recipients in developing countries. The peak incidence is after the first year of transplantation and mortality is considerable [37]. Active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a contraindication for donation because tuberculosis has been transmitted from live kidney donors to their recipients [38]. Although in some centers a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis is a relative contraindication to donation, many kidney transplantations were performed from donors with a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis in several transplant centers as well as in our unit. Some authors suggested that a positive purified protein derivative (PPD) test due to Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination may not be helpful to screen a potential live kidney donor. However, a study from our center reported no tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients who had INH prophylaxis for 1 year after transplantation because their and the donors' PPD skin test reading was greater than 10mm of induration [37]. In our unit, donation of individuals with a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis is also acceptable. Although there is no clear evidence in the literature for preventing reactivation of tuberculosis and risk of liver toxicity, 1-year INH prophylaxis could be administered to kidney recipients from these donors and recipients with past history of tuberculosis.
Urinary tuberculosis is a contraindication for donation. Additionally, in Amsterdam forum it was suggested that donors previously treated for urinary tuberculosis might have dormant tuberculosis within the kidney and thus remain unsuitable for donation [7].
Because of superior results with living kidney transplantations, efforts including the use of "medically complex living donors" are made to increase the availability of organs for donation. However, in the evaluation process of these proposed donors we should not forget the following four issues: (1) the risk to the donor must be low, (2) the donor must be fully informed, (3) the decision to donate must be independent and voluntary, and (4) there must be good chance of a successful recipient outcome [39].
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Our Catskills Kafé has now been open for 7 years. We absolutely love the Catskills and spending quality time here with friends and neighbors and getting to know so many people. We have a lot of exciting things planned for this spring and summer, so please… Stay tuned