text:
Straight Talk ZTE Solar Z795G Prepaid Smartphone
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About this item
About this item
Important Made in USA Origin Disclaimer: For certain items sold by Walmart on Walmart.com, the displayed country of origin information may not be accurate or consistent with manufacturer information. For updated, accurate country of origin data, it is recommended that you rely on product packaging or manufacturer information.
This Android phone from Straight Talk features a 4.5-inch touchscreen, a 5MP camera and GPS capabilities. It runs on Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean). It is only compatible with Straight Talk $45/30-Day Unlimited or $60/30-Day Unlimited International service plans.
Straight Talk ZTE Solar Z795G Prepaid Cell Phone:
- 4.5" touchscreen
- 3G connectivity
- 5MP camera
- Unlimited entry phonebook
- Talk time: up to 5 hours
- Standby time: up to 9 days
- Includes battery, charger and activation card
- Includes 4GB microSD card
- Compatible only with Straight Talk $45/30-Day Unlimited or $60/30-Day Unlimited International service plans
|Cell Phone Service Provider:
|Straight Talk
|Contained Battery Type:
|Lithium Ion
|Primary Shelf ID:
|Operating System:
|Battery Life:
|216 hours
|Number of Megapixels:
|5 Megapixel
|Screen Size:
|Mobile Operating System:
|5.24"L x 2.6"W x 0.39"H
|Manufacturer Part Number:
|Talk Time:
|5 hours , Unlimited
|Music Player , Full Web Browsers , GPS , Bluetooth , Camera , Wi-fi Ready
|Assembled Product Dimensions (L x W x H):
|0.39 x 2.60 x 5.24 Inches
Customer Reviews | 40 reviews | 2.2 out of 5
Customer Reviews
Customer review by Pheochromo
I have had my ZTE Solar for ~2 months now. Pros -- Its a dual processor that runs my apps very quickly. I Geocache and it has been great for finding Geocaches on the go. GPS pulls in the sats very quickly, quicker than my GPSr most times. Sensors in phone work great (look up f-droid SatStat) It runs my audio books and does all the other things I need it to quickly. My sister commented on how quick it was compared to hers. I also wanted GSM instead of the CDMA network, goodbye deadspotsin my area! Cons --The only problems I have had is twice it dropped my Bluetooth and once I had to take the battery out/restart it for the 3G to pickup. Battery life is hard for me to judge because I run any electronic device hard and I leave it plugged up alot. (10 + hrs a day). *** I did some reseach before I bought it, I had to order it, my walmart doesnt stock it. I knew the battery life would be shorter but it hasnt been a problem for me. For me its a 5.***
Customer review by RobinPanda
Just like many of the reviewers here, i am having issues with the network connection. My friend initially bought the cell to use straight talk's service and he couldn't stand that the signal was spotty, i offered to take it from him but it is doing the same thing to me. It will show bars for signal but say that there is no network connection, texts arrive late often and I have to constantly restart the cell to get it to let me text or call back. Other than theses issues it is a pretty phone with good app features, If it would just work it would be absolutely ideal for me, but it doesn't. It is frustrating and although numerous calls have been made to customer service about the phone itself, none of the representatives are actually helpful. They claim it must be the sim card, or some other issue, when after putting 2 different cards in it is still having the same problems. This phone clearly has some sort of programming or manufacture default.
Read all 40 reviews
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- Amazon.com has covers for every phone ever made....just put the model number in the search area and you will be surprised how many there areby Jadensgranny5/31/2016Was this answer helpful? (1) (0)Was this answer helpful?
- Ebay.com have several case's for saleby willogan10/29/2014Was this answer helpful? (1) (0)Was this answer helpful?
- ebay has a bunch search for zte solar straight talk phone cover/skin/caseby twistboom10/29/2014Was this answer helpful? (1) (0)Was this answer helpful?
- Ebay has some listed but I ended up getting a majesty case off of Amazon; they have similar specs.by Darkslayer12/31/2013Was this answer helpful? (1) (0)Was this answer helpful?
- These phones are still pretty new but Ebay especially is starting to carry everything but the batteries. Walmart probably won't generate the sales volume to carry accessories for these.by rebel26010/29/2014Was this answer helpful? (2) (0)Was this answer helpful?
- AT&Tby OldCityCollector3/31/2015Was this answer helpful? (1) (0)Was this answer helpful?
- AT&T and T-mobileby brandon283/31/2015Was this answer helpful? (1) (0)Was this answer helpful?
- AT&T Be advised that these phone have a micro SIM card and it's locked to the phone. If you're switching from another Straight Talk GSM phone, you'll have to deal with their tech support people at 1-877-430-2355 to get your number transferred. If you lose the SIM that came with the phone, they'll send a regular SIM card and you'll have to trim it down to fit.by rebel2609/29/2014Was this answer helpful? (1) (0)Was this answer helpful?
- It's using the AT&T network.by richardarr12/8/2013Was this answer helpful? (1) (0)Was this answer helpful?
- Actually, there IS a warranty. All phones Straight Talk sell come with a one year limited warranty from the manufacturer and administered by Straight Talk (except Apple products as the one-year limited warranty is administered by Apple). From their Terms and Conditions of Service: How to obtain Warranty Service. To obtain warranty service from Straight Talk on a new or reconditioned phone or Straight Talk accessories purchased from Straight Talk or Wal-Mart, please contact Technical Support at 1-877-430-CELL (1-877-430-2355). If your problem cannot be resolved over the phone, our Straight Talk technicians will provide you with a Ticket Number, which you will use to send your phone and/or accessories to the designated Straight Talk Service Center for repair or replacement, at Straight Talk's discretion. Terms of Limited Warranty. Straight Talk warrants to you, the Customer, that your Straight Talk cellular phone ("Product") is free from defects in material and workmanship that result in Product failure during normal usage, according to the following terms and conditions: 1. The limited warranty for the Product extends for one (1) year beginning on the date of the purchase of the Product. 2. The limited warranty extends only to the original purchaser ("Consumer") of the Product and is not assignable or transferable to any subsequent purchaser/end-user. 3. The limited warranty extends only to Consumers who purchase the Product in its original packaging from an authorized dealer. 4. During the limited warranty period, Straight Talk will replace or repair, at Straight Talk's sole option, any defective Products or parts (except as excluded below), or any Products or parts that will not properly operate for their intended use (except as excluded below) with new or refurbished replacement Products or parts if such replacement or repair is needed because of Product malfunction or failure during normal usage. Straight Talk may, at its sole discretion, replace the Product with a refurbished phone of the same model if available, or if not available, of a comparable model of phone. The limited warranty does not cover loss of personal information, passwords, contacts, music, ringtones, pictures, videos, applications or other content, memory cards, software, defects in appearance, cosmetic, decorative or structural items, including framing, and any non-operative parts. Straight Talk's limit of liability under this limited warranty is the actual cash value of the Product at the time the Consumer returns the Product to Straight Talk for repair, determined by the price paid by the Consumer for the Product less a reasonable amount for usage. Straight Talk shall not be liable for any other losses or damages. These remedies are the Consumer's exclusive remedies for breach of warranty. 5. Upon request from Straight Talk, the Consumer must prove the date of the original purchase of the Product by a dated bill of sale or dated itemized receipt. 6. The Consumer shall have no coverage or benefits under this limited warranty if any of the following conditions are applicable: a) The Product has been subjected to abnormal use, abnormal conditions, improper storage, exposure to moisture or dampness, unauthorized modifications, unauthorized connections, unauthorized repair, misuse, neglect, abuse, accident, alteration, improper installation, or other acts which are not the fault of Straight Talk, including damage caused by shipping. b) The Product has been damaged from external causes such as collision with an object, or from fire, flooding, sand, dirt, windstorm, lightning, earthquake or damage from exposure to weather conditions, an Act of God, or battery leakage, theft, blown fuse, or improper use of any electrical source, damage caused by computer or internet viruses, bugs, worms, Trojan Horses, cancelbots or damage caused by the connection to other products not recommended for interconnection by Straight Talk. c) Straight Talk was not advised in writing by the Consumer of the alleged defect or malfunction of the Product within fourteen (14) days after the expiration of the applicable limited warranty period. d) The Product serial number plate or the enhancement data code has been removed, defaced or altered. e) The defect or damage was caused by the defective function of the cellular system or by inadequate signal reception by the external antenna, or viruses or other software problems introduced into the Product. f) The Product is outside of the one (1) year Limited Warranty period. 7. Straight Talk does not warrant uninterrupted or error-free operation of the Product or service. Straight Talk cannot and does not guarantee that your communications will be private or secure; it is illegal for unauthorized people to intercept your communications, but such interceptions can occur. If a problem develops during the limited warranty period, the Consumer shall contact Straight Talk Customer Care for repair or replacement processing of the Product. Straight Talk shall, at its discretion, provide a replacement product that may consist of a refurbished phone of the same model if available, or of a comparable model. 8. You (the Consumer) understand that the product may consist of refurbished equipment that contains used components, some of which have been reprocessed. The used components comply with Product performance and reliability specifications. 9. STRAIGHT TALK EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE. THE FOREGOING LIMITED WARRANTY IS THE CONSUMER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. STRAIGHT TALK SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF ANTICIPATED BENEFITS OR PROFITS, LOSS OF SAVINGS OR REVENUE, LOSS OF DATA, PUNITIVE DAMAGES, LOSS OF USE OF THE PRODUCT OR ANY ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT, COST OF CAPITAL, COST OF ANY SUBSTITUTE EQUIPMENT OR FACILITIES, DOWNTIME, THE CLAIMS OF ANY THIRD PARTIES, INCLUDING CUSTOMERS, AND INJURY TO PROPERTY, RESULTING FROM THE PURCHASE OR USE OF THE PRODUCT OR ARISING FROM BREACH OF THE WARRANTY, BREACH OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY, EVEN IF STRAIGHT TALK KNEW OF THE LIKELIHOOD OF SUCH DAMAGES. STRAIGHT TALK SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DELAY IN RENDERING SERVICE UNDER THE LIMITED WARRANTY, LOSS OF USE DURING THE PERIOD THAT THE PRODUCT IS RETURNED FOR REPLACEMENT OR WARRANTY SERVICE OR FOR THE LOSS OR UNAUTHORIZED USE OF CUSTOMER PASSWORDS, PERSONAL INFORMATION, CONTACTS, PICTURES, VIDEOS, APPLICATIONS, MUSIC, RINGTONES OR OTHER CONTENT. 10. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental and consequential damages, so certain of the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you (the Consumer). This limited warranty gives the Consumer specific legal rights and the Consumer may also have other rights which vary from state to state. 11. Straight Talk neither assumes nor authorizes any authorized service center or any other person or entity to assume for it any other obligation or liability beyond that which is expressly provided for in this limited warranty including the provider or seller of any extended warranty or service agreement. 12. This is the entire warranty between Straight Talk and the Consumer, and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements or understandings, oral or written, relating to the Product, and no representation, promise or condition not contained herein shall modify these terms. 13. This limited warranty allocates the risk of failure of the Product between the Consumer and Straight Talk. The allocation is recognized by the Consumer and is reflected in the purchase price.by richardarr4/8/2014Was this answer helpful? (0) (0)Was this answer helpful?
- There is no warranty but Wal-mart offers there own warranty for extra. Please read online reviews before buying this phone.by CommunityAnswer3/30/2014Was this answer helpful? (0) (0)Was this answer helpful?
- There is the 2 year accidental damage protection/warranty you can get with purchase from here or a walmart storeby brandon283/11/2014Was this answer helpful? (0) (0)Was this answer helpful?
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 20, 2004
|Filing date
|Aug 25, 2000
|Priority date
|Aug 25, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|John William Mitchell Rogers, Calvin Plett
|Original Assignee
|Sige Semiconductor Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (12), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (49), Classifications (8), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to noise suppression in communications systems and, more particularly, to the suppression of image noise in superheterodyne communications receivers using an on-chip image rejection filter.
Superheterodyne receivers continue to be used as the basic architectural element in mobile communications systems. A superheterodyne receiver front-end typically consists of a low-noise amplifier (LNA), an image reject filter, a mixer, and a VCO as shown in FIG. 1. An LNA with very low noise figure is typically required to enable the receiver to detect very weak signals. Additionally, the LNA must provide sufficient gain to suppress the noise generated by the stages that follow it. The mixer allows for downconversion or the translation of the desired signal from the radio frequency (RF) to an intermediate frequency (IF) for further processing by the receiver backend.
A well-known occurrence in superheterodyne receivers is that the front-end low-noise amplifier (LNA) may generate thermal noise at an image frequency (located a distance of two IFs away from the desired radio frequency, and that during downconversion, the image noise will fold over onto the thermal noise at the desired receiver frequency. In a more likely scenario, however, some other signal broadcasted at the image frequency may be received by the antenna and amplified by the LNA along with the desired signal. In any case, some form of image noise rejection is required prior to downconversion to suppress the unwanted image signals.
Currently, "off-chip" passive filters, such as surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters or ceramic filters are often used for image rejection. These filters, however, represent a major impediment to raising the level of integration of wireless radios, since they cannot be easily integrated with the silicon (Si) substrate. Furthermore, their use complicates the design of the receiver front-end. For example, the LNA must be designed to drive 50 ohms as its output comes off-chip. Matching from the LNA to the filter must, therefore, be performed either on-chip or on the board. The filter must then be matched to the mixer input, which must also be driven by 50 ohms. This implies that large radio frequency (RF) signals will be present on two bond wires in the package used for the receiver. And since bond wires are a major source of signal coupling, this leads to increased signal coupling between respective ports in the receiver. Furthermore, additional pins must be included to accommodate the off-chip filter leading to more expensive packages and, often, a larger integrated circuit (IC) die.
Off-chip filters also represent a significant fraction of the overall cost of the receiver front-end. However, if effort is expended to integrate the filter monolithically, then the signal will never have to leave the chip before reaching the IF stage in the receiver chain. In this way, a simpler cheaper package may be used and the costly off-chip filter can be eliminated.
To date, monolithic image rejection has only been demonstrated satisfactorily using image reject mixers. However, such implementations have not provided the level of rejection required to meet the specifications of existing cellular standards. A monolithic image reject filter integrated between the LNA and the mixer continues, therefore, to be a challenge for the RF design community.
An obvious approach to the realization of a monolithic image reject filter is to use a bandpass filter to pass the desired signal and not the image. However, a monolithic bandpass filter suitable in performance for a receiver front-end has not yet been demonstrated. Low-power tunable monolithic bandpass filters with high selectivity are difficult to realize, due to stability, linearity and noise considerations.
Recently, a few "on-chip" notch filter implementations of image reject filters have been reported. However, the majority of these suffer from poor linearity and poor noise figure (i.e. they become limiting factors in the quality of the information being received). Most of these implementations also require a great deal of extra circuitry and chip area, not to mention current.
As the popularity in wireless personal communication systems (PCS) continues to grow, the need for low-power, low-cost radio receivers is paramount. Low-cost can be achieved by integrating the required functions as much as possible, and minimizing the number of off-chip components.
Previous on-chip solutions for integrating the image rejection filter on a receiver front-end have employed an additional stage following the low-noise amplifier (LNA) to perform the image rejection function for the receiver. The present invention, however, discloses a novel topology for integrating an image reject filter with a traditional LNA for use in the front-end of a superheterodyne receiver.
According to a first broad aspect of the invention, the conventional topology for an LNA is modified by replacing the degeneration inductor with a resonator to provide a notching action in the frequency response of the LNA at the unwanted image frequency component. The LC resonator is centered at the image frequency and presents a high impedance to the emitter of the driving amplifier so as to cause the driving amplifier to have a substantially low gain at the image frequency.
According to a second broad aspect of the invention, a multi-terminal circuit element having a first conducting terminal for providing an output signal, a second conducting terminal connected to an inductive degeneration element and a control terminal for receiving an input signal is AC coupled via its second conducting terminal to a filtering network. The filtering network is adjusted to provide a substantially high impedance to the second conducting terminal of the multi-terminal circuit element at the image frequency of the input signal so as to cause an unwanted image frequency component to be substantially eliminated in the output signal of the multi-terminal circuit element.
The topology of the present invention requires minimal additional circuitry to perform the filtering function, uses only minimal additional current and does not suffer from the same performance limitations as currently used topologies.
Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the front-end of a superheterodyne receiver.
FIG. 2 illustrates a conventional cascode low-noise amplifier (LNA).
FIG. 3 depicts a modified low-noise amplifier (LNA) topology that offers monolithic image rejection according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 illustrates a modified low-noise amplifier (LNA) circuit providing monolithic image rejection according to one embodiment of the present invention.
The conventional topology for a low-noise amplifier (LNA) commonly used in superheterodyne receivers is shown in FIG. 2. This two-stage amplifier comprises an npn transistor Q1 arranged as a common-emitter (CE) amplifier, driving a cascode npn transistor Q2. The LNA further comprises an inductor L and a capacitor C arranged to form an LC resonant tank at the collector of cascode transistor Q2. The emitter of the transistor Q1 is grounded through an emitter degeneration inductor Le. Note that all biasing details for this circuit are well known to those skilled in the art and have, as such, been omitted. The topology of FIG. 2 is usually selected for the LNA in a communications receiver in order that noise figure be minimized while still obtaining good gain.
In the conventional topology shown in FIG. 2, the cascode transistor Q2 acts to improve stability, frequency response and reverse isolation in the circuit. The inductor L and capacitor C set the center frequency of the amplification stage i.e. the frequency at which the gain of the amplifier is highest. Finally, the degeneration inductor Le aids in improving the matching of the circuit at the input and also improves linearity at the cost of some gain.
In terms of operation, an RF input voltage RFin applied to the base of the driving amplifier transistor Q1 is transformed into a current that is passed through the cascode transistor Q2 to provide an output voltage RFout. In practice, however, the output RFout of the LNA is usually fed to an off-chip image reject filter to suppress the unwanted image frequency. This approach has significant disadvantages for the reasons stated earlier.
The present invention introduces a novel topology comprising a notch filter, centered at the unwanted image frequency, integrated with a traditional LNA. Such a topology may, for example, provide for the fabrication of a fully monolithic superheterodyne receiver front-end. The fundamental idea on which the present invention is based is shown in FIG. 3, where the conventional topology for the cascode LNA of FIG. 2 is modified by replacing the degeneration inductor Le with an LC resonator. The remainder of the circuitry in FIG. 3 is essentially identical to that depicted in FIG. 2. Like component labels are, therefore, used to denote like components. For simplicity, biasing details have also been omitted.
The LC resonator at the emitter of the driving amplifier Q1 comprises an inductor Le and a capacitor Ce, appropriately chosen to be centered at a desired notch frequency i.e. the particular image frequency of concern.
There will also be some losses associated with the LC resonator and this may be modeled by a resistive element Rloss as shown in FIG. 3. At the resonant frequency of the LC resonator, a high impedance will be presented to the emitter of the driving transistor Q1. A high impedance here will mean that the driving amplifier transistor Q1 will have a very low gain at the image frequency. Thus, the LNA will reflect the image. Ideally, an infinite impedance at the emitter of a driving amplifier transistor will translate into zero gain at the image frequency.
At frequencies below the resonant frequency of the LC tank at the emitter of Q1, the LC circuit will look inductive and will have an impedance close to that of the actual inductor Le used in the circuit. In the pass band, therefore, the LNA will still look like an ordinary LNA with inductive degeneration. Inductive degeneration is typically needed to provide good matching and linearity without impacting the noise figure.
The circuit topology presented in FIG. 3 only illustrates the invention from a conceptual standpoint. From a practical standpoint, the resistance losses Rloss associated with the LC resonator will seriously impact its effectiveness. Therefore, in order to overcome the resistive losses Rloss of the resonator, some form of active circuitry is needed in addition to the parallel combination of the capacitor Ce and inductor Le. In FIG. 3, a negative resistive element −Rloss has been included to indicate the cancellation of resonator losses Rloss by appropriate active circuitry. As will be shown, a simple way to implement such cancellation of resonator losses is to add feedback around two series capacitors.
Accordingly, FIG. 4 depicts a complete LNA circuit topology providing monolithic image rejection according to the present invention. Basically, this circuit represents a 'combination' notch filter and amplification stage. The amplification stage is identical to that in FIGS. 2 and 3 and includes a common-emitter (CE) amplifier Q1 driving an npn cascode transistor Q2. Similarly, a first inductor L1 and a first capacitor C1 are arranged in parallel to form an LC resonant tank at the collector of the npn cascode transistor Q2. The emitter of the driving CE amplifier Q1 is grounded via an emitter degeneration inductor Le1.
In the circuit of FIG. 4, the emitter of the driving CE amplifier Q1 is further coupled to some additional circuitry comprising a parallel resonator circuit to implement a notch filtering function. Specifically, the emitter of the driving amplifier Q1 is AC coupled via a coupling capacitor Ccp to the base of an npn emitter-follower transistor Q3, whose emitter is loaded with a varactor Cf2
Considering the amplification stage of FIG. 4, a cascode transistor configuration is used to eliminate the Miller effect, the dominant contributor to high frequency roll-off. The cascode transistor Q2 is interposed in the collector path of the driving CE amplifier Q1 to prevent its collector from swinging (thereby eliminating the Miller effect) while passing the collector current through unchanged. A fixed DC bias voltage Vbias is applied to the base of the cascode transistor Q2 (i.e. the base is assumed to be perfectly AC grounded) and is usually set a few volts above the emitter voltage of the driving CE amplifier Q1 to pin the collector of the driving CE amplifier Q1 and keep it in the active region. Essentially, the cascode transistor Q2 is used to reduce the interaction of the tuned output RFout with the tuned input RFin.
LC resonant tank circuits, such as the one used in FIG. 4 comprising the inductor L1 and the capacitor C1, are used extensively in communications circuits to provide selective amplification of a signal at a desired frequency. The components L1 and C1 are selected to resonate at the particular frequency which provides the desired passband response. The inductor L1 or capacitor C1 could also be made variable to enable tuning of the resonant frequency.
Using a tuned LC circuit as a collector load also provides several other advantages:higher single-stage gain, since the load presents a high impedance at the desired signal frequency while still allowing arbitrary quiescent current; elimination of undesirable loading effects of capacitance since the LC resonant circuit tunes out any capacitance by making it part of the tuned circuit capacitance; and elimination of outof-band signals and noise owing to the frequency selectivity of the tuned circuit.
Finally, the emitter degeneration inductor Le1 provides the feedback necessary to improve linearity while minimizing noise figure. The inductor Le1 should be sized precisely to provide simultaneous noise and power matching and to minimize noise figure. At the same time, the inductor Le1 should be sufficiently large enough to ensure acceptable linearity and stability.
In the topology presented in FIG. 4, the filtering function for removing the image frequency is implemented by resonant circuitry placed around the degeneration inductor Le1 to make it resonate at the image frequency. To prevent the interaction of DC currents between the adjacent stages (i.e. amplification and filtering stages), the coupling capacitor Ccp is used. (capacitors are open circuits at DC and, if large enough, are short circuits over amplifier operating frequencies). Therefore, the coupling capacitor Ccp allows a DC level shift between the driving amplifier Q1 and the emitter-follower transistor Q3 of the filtering network.
The transistor Q3 is connected in common-collector configuration and forms an active feedback circuit that cancels any losses in the resonator, therefore making it a perfect open circuit at the resonant frequency. The bias resistor Rbias simply provides a bias voltage to the base of the transistor Q3 so that it can turn on and be active. The capacitors Cf1,Cf2
It is important to note here that any capacitance placed in the emitter of the driving amplifier Q1 can result in negative resistance at the base which can lead to instability in the circuit. This is, in fact, why capacitive degeneration is not widely used in the art. In the topology of the present invention, however, the frequency range over which the emitter of the driving amplifier Q1 will have a significant negative reactance is fairly limited, hindering its ability to oscillate.
The resonant circuitry of FIG. 4 eliminates the "stacking" of transistors in order that the lowest possible supply voltage Vcc may be used. At the resonant frequency, the active feedback circuit will approximate a perfect open circuit and, therefore, have an infinite impedance. With an infinite amount of degeneration, or resistance in the emitter of the driving amplifier Q1, the amplification stage will have no gain. As a result, there will be a "notch" in the frequency response of the amplifier at this frequency. Accordingly, the notch frequency is tuned to be centered at the frequency of the undesired image.
As mentioned, the varactor Cf2
In the specific embodiment of FIG. 4, the resonator circuit with negative feedback at the emitter of the driving amplifier Q1 is implemented with the transistor Q3 connected in a common-collector configuration. However, it should be noted that this is just one possible implementation out of many. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that a resonator with negative feedback may be implemented in a variety of other ways including, but not limited to, common-base and common-emitter versions of the particular circuit shown. Similarly, with respect to MOSFET technology, common-gate or common-source configurations are just as valid.
To illustrate typical component values which may be used to implement an integrated "LNA-image filter" topology according to FIG. 4, consider a conventional receiver front-end requiring a 5 GHz pass band with a 1 GHz IF. This leads to an image frequency at 7 GHz. With respect to the amplification circuit, transistors Q1 and Q2 should be large-size devices on the order of 2�20 μm emitter (i.e. two emitter fingers each with a length of 20 μm). To achieve the desired pass band response, the inductor L1 of the LC tank should be approximately 0.9 nH and the capacitor C1 approximately 750 fF. To provide the feedback necessary to ensure stability and improve linearity while minimizing noise figure, a 0.4 nH on-chip degeneration inductor Le1 can be used. The coupling capacitor Ccp should be fairly large, at 15 pF for example. The capacitor Cf1 should be approximately 2 pF, the bias resistor Rbias approximately 5 kΩ, and the varactor Cf2
The sizing of the transistors Q1 and Q2 and the inductor Le1 comprising the LNA portion of the circuit should satisfy simultaneous noise and power matching requirements. However, the value of the degeneration inductor Le1 should be slightly reduced to compensate for the fact that the presence of the resonator will raise it slightly from its nominal value in the pass band of the circuit. The resistor Rbias provides bias to transistor Q3 and its value is not a critical design parameter. The coupling capacitor Ccp should be made as large as practically possible so that its presence does not impede the ability of the circuit to overcome its losses although not so large that its parasitic component causes large signal loss. The transistor Q3 should generally be made very large in order that its parasitic resistance does not create additional losses to be overcome.
LNAs have traditionally provided good noise figure and good linearity due to the arrangement of transistors in the signal path. Filters, however, are usually quite complicated and the arrangements of transistors and other circuit elements does not usually lead to good performance. However, in the present invention, the resonator will look inductive below its resonant frequency and will, therefore, have an impedance close to that of the actual inductor Le1 placed in the circuit. Therefore, the topology of the present invention looks just like a traditional LNA with inductive degeneration in the desired pass band.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the topology of the present invention is not limited to the bipolar technology shown in the specific embodiments, but may alternatively be implemented using CMOS technology, MESFETs, JFETs, vacuum tubes etc. It is a well known fact that RF circuits may be implemented using any available technology that provides voltage-controlled or current-controlled current sources. For example, the circuit of the present invention would still function if all the bipolar transistors were replaced with corresponding CMOS transistors. Of course, the CMOS transistors would have to be sized appropriately to yield good performance. Therefore optimization of the circuit would be conducted as for the bipolar implementation described in the specific embodiments.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the ground connections in FIG. 4 may alternatively be replaced by connections to a second power rail. For example, a negative power rail or supply voltage, −VEE, may be substituted for ground as long as the voltage difference between the two power rails is kept sufficiently small.
Furthermore, in the implementation of FIG. 4, the coupling capacitor Ccp is used to AC couple the filtering network to the emitter of the driving amplifier Q1. However, such AC coupling means is not in any way limited to the use of a capacitor. For example, the coupling capacitor Ccp may be substituted for by a transformer, or any other element that provides a DC open circuit and an AC short circuit.
Finally, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the concept of the invention is not in any way limited to the LNA application described but may be applied to any multi-terminal circuit element that supplies a signal at its output containing an unwanted image frequency component. For example, the notch filtering network may alternatively be AC coupled to a mixer or buffer amplifier.
While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that numerous modifications, variations and adaptations may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the claims appended hereto.
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|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force
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|Method and apparatus for performing image signal rejection
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|Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd.
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|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|Single-stage dual-band low-noise amplifier for use in a wireless communication system receiver
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|STMicroelectronics SA
|Amplifier circuit with dual gain
|Jose A. Macedo, et al. "A 1.9-GHz Silicon Receiver with Monotithic Image Filtering", IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Col. 33, No. 3, Mar. 1998 pp 378-386.
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|Stmicroelectronics S.R.L.
|Regulation method for the drain, body and source terminals voltages in a non-volatile memory cell during a program phase and corresponding program circuit
|May 6, 2003
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|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Image-rejecting antenna apparatus
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|Q enhancement circuit and method
|Apr 7, 2004
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|Neoreach, Inc.
|Low noise amplifier for wireless communications
|Dec 11, 2001
|Feb 19, 2008
|Microtune (Texas), L.P.
|Use of an image reject mixer in a forward data channel tuner
|Aug 13, 2004
|Mar 11, 2008
|Nokia Corporation
|Single chip LNA and VCO having similar resonant circuit topology and using same calibration signal to compensate for process variations
|May 14, 2007
|Feb 10, 2009
|Theta Microelectronics, Inc.
|Low-noise amplifiers
|Jun 30, 2009
|Theta Microelectronics, Inc.
|Highly linear low-noise amplifiers
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|Nxp B.V.
|Tunable cascode LNA with flat gain response over a wide frequency range
|Dec 4, 2007
|Dec 14, 2010
|Microtune (Texas), L.P.
|Integrated channel filter using multiple resonant filters and method of operation
|Dec 21, 2010
|Chi Mei Communications Systems, Inc.
|Amplifier circuit
|Feb 8, 2011
|Zoran Corporation
|Integrated channel filter and method of operation
|Nov 3, 2005
|Jul 26, 2011
|Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
|CMOS transceiver for communication system
|Apr 13, 2009
|Sep 13, 2011
|Intel Corporation
|High-linearity low noise amplifier
|Dec 6, 2011
|Industrial Technology Research Institute
|Coherent tunable filter apparatus and wireless communication front-end circuit thereof
|Nov 5, 2010
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|Csr Technology Inc.
|Integrated channel filter using multiple resonant filters and method of operation
|Jan 10, 2008
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|Nokia Corporation
|Single chip amplifier and oscillator having similar resonant circuit topology
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|Amplifier with integrated filter
|Jun 25, 2004
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|Nxp B.V.
|Lossless transfer of events across clock domains
|Feb 18, 2010
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|Rf Micro Devices, Inc.
|Using degeneration in an active tunable low-noise radio frequency bandpass filter
|Apr 1, 2011
|Nov 19, 2013
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Frequency selective IQ correction
|Dec 6, 2011
|Jan 7, 2014
|Tensorcom, Inc.
|Method and apparatus of an input resistance of a passive mixer to broaden the input matching bandwidth of a common source/gate LNA
|Jul 6, 2012
|Mar 4, 2014
|QUALOCOMM Incorporated
|Amplifier with integrated filter
|Jan 3, 2011
|Apr 22, 2014
|CSR Technology, Inc.
|Integrated channel filter and method of operation
|Dec 27, 2002
|Aug 14, 2003
|Stmicroelectronics S.R.I.
|Regulation method for the drain, body and source terminals voltages in a non-volatile memory cell during a program phase and corresponding program circuit
|Dec 11, 2001
|Aug 14, 2003
|Microtune (Texas), L.P.
|Use of an image reject mixer in a forward data channel tuner
|May 6, 2003
|Nov 6, 2003
|Do-Hoon Kwon
|Image-rejecting antenna apparatus
|Oct 27, 2003
|Apr 28, 2005
|Microtune (Texas), L.P.
|Integrated channel filter and method of operation
|Apr 7, 2004
|Oct 13, 2005
|Neoreach, Inc.
|Low noise amplifier for wireless communications
|Jun 9, 2004
|Dec 15, 2005
|Louis Luh
|Q enhancement circuit and method
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|Nokia Corporation
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|Nov 3, 2005
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|Wionics Research
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|Dec 4, 2007
|May 1, 2008
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|Jan 10, 2008
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|Nokia Corporation
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|Sep 10, 2007
|Aug 28, 2008
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Amplifier with integrated filter
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|Xinhua Huang
|Child resistant utility lighter
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|Duster Jon S
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|Chi Mei Communication Systems, Inc.
|Amplifier circuit
|Nov 5, 2010
|Mar 3, 2011
|Microtune (Texas), L.P.
|Integrated Channel Filter Using Multiple Resonant Filters and Method of Operation
|Jun 25, 2004
|Apr 28, 2011
|Nxp, B.V.
|Lossless Transfer Of Events Across Clock Domains
|Jan 3, 2011
|May 5, 2011
|Microtune (Texas), L.P.
|Integrated Channel Filter and Method of Operation
|Dec 6, 2011
|Jun 6, 2013
|Tensorcom, Inc.
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|Feb 5, 2016
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|Method and Apparatus of an Input Resistance of a Passive Mixer to Broaden the Input Matching Bandwidth of a Common Source/Gate LNA
|Sep 8, 2005
|Jul 18, 2012
|Tunable cascode LNA with flat gain response over a wide frequency range
|U.S. Classification
|455/302, 455/307, 455/333, 455/290, 455/285
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 25, 2000
Owner name: SIGE MICROSYSTEMS, INC., CANADA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ROGERS, JOHN WILLIAM MITCHELL;PLETT, CALVIN;REEL/FRAME:011042/0891
Effective date: 20000817
|Nov 10, 2003
Owner name: SIGE SEMICONDUCTOR INC., CANADA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SIGE MICROSYSTEMS INC.;REEL/FRAME:014116/0288
Effective date: 20010528
|Nov 12, 2003
Owner name: SIGE SEMICONDUCTOR INC., CANADA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:SIGE MICROSYSTEMS INC.;REEL/FRAME:014703/0006
Effective date: 20010528
|Mar 23, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 2, 2011
|Fee payment
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|May 6, 2011
Owner name: INTELLECTUAL VENTURES HOLDING 75 LLC, NEVADA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SIGE SEMICONDUCTOR INC.;REEL/FRAME:026239/0804
Effective date: 20110425
|Jun 24, 2015
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Owner name: INTELLECTUAL VENTURES FUND 81 LLC, NEVADA
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:INTELLECTUAL VENTURES HOLDING 75 LLC;REEL/FRAME:037575/0350
Effective date: 20150827

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Packaged Themed Wedding Favors
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These adorable tape measure favors come shaped like a heart or teapot. Can be personalized with a custom label. A popular party favor for bridal showers, baby showers, birthday parties and tea parties.View Product
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If you're thinking of a seasonal wedding, you may have another thing coming—these exquisitely detailed seasonal favor boxes will have you changing dates and switching venues!View Product
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Exclusively designed for Beau-coup, these personalized flower seed packet wedding favors are as chic and unique as they are friendly to the environment. Great for spreading your love at a green wedding or even a garden themed bridal shower.View Product
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This mini pizza cutter favor is sure to please groom and guests alike. Each hand-held pizza cutter features a protective plastic grip that readsView Product
Personalized Wedding Themed Lollipop
Share something truly sweet with your guests when you send them home with these tasty personalized wedding themed lollipop favors with exclusive designs.View Product
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text:
Video: FBI agent scales unlocked gate during manhunt
The agent climbs the fence only to have fellow agents open the gate and walk through seconds later
By Nina Golgowski
The Daily Mail
New Jersey — A blood-pumping raid by the FBI on a New Jersey home turned into the butt of hundreds of online jokes when an agent's dramatic climb over a gate proved far more embarrassing than necessary.
The video appeared in a local NBC news broadcast before it was posted to YouTube by entertained viewers heard snickering in the background. As seen on local news coverage the man struggled to hop over the gate, only for the gate to be easily and instantly flung open by the other agents behind him.
The man gives no turn-around recognition to them, or the gate, but continues marching strong toward the house.
Full Story: Moment FBI agent struggled to climb over gate... just before men behind him open it and walk through
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text:
Apr 19
Torsades with The Swear and Vyie. Doors open at 8:00 pm. Show starts at 9:00 pm. See you there. Rock on!!!
Apr 6
Join us along with Alchemy on Saturday, April 6.
Mar 23
"Passport to a Brighter Future." An evening of entertainment to benefit the Fragile Kids Foundation. http://www.fragilekids.org
Jan 28
Concert begins at 8pm
Mar 31
LET US ENTERTAIN YOU Come enjoy an evening of entertainment featuring 'Torsades.' Also featuring the Ken Ford's Children's symphony, Kristencia King, dancers Kati Keyes and Robert Frank, and comedienne Trevor Williams
Label: unsigned
Manager: George Raschbaum
Bio: Torsades is an Atlanta-based band originally formed in 2003. The band plays original alternative rock music. The band is fronted by the sometimes ethereal and sometimes punchy female vocals of Rene. Their style is varied and ranges from upbeat acoustical to metal
Torsades takes its name from a ...See Full Bio
"SonicSouth: The Beat of the Southeast On SScene: If you missed The Torsades Saturday at Tin Roof Cantina...well, where were you?! The modern rock quintet played an incredible repertoire of originals to a packed house of fans and new converts. Selecting from a deep catalog of tunes, the group tore that tin roof right off! The band is now gearing up for the "We Got the Beat" Battle of the Bands at Vinyl on April 16. Mark your calendar "We Got the Beat" - Battle of the Bands @ Vinyl Location: Vinyl Time: 6:00PM Saturday, April 16th (Note-Battle of the Bands date has changed to June 18th.) "


text:
Ailey's comets
You have to be fit if you want to be an Ailey dancer. Watching a rehearsal in the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre's purpose-built studio complex on New York's West 55th Street, the sheer physicality of the performance is striking.
'It's hard work,' says Clifton Brown, a rising star of the company, 'and you only saw an hour of it.'
The Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre is one of America's most popular dance companies and will return to Hong Kong after its 2004 Asian tour. The troupe will first stop at Beijing and Shanghai this week before giving three performances of two separate programmes here from November 1.
It will also host two masterclasses for senior dance students at the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts and professional dancers.
Formed in 1958 by Alvin Ailey, a Texan-born dancer and choreographer who studied the long, clean lines of a dance technique invented by Lester Horton, the company's debut at the 92nd Street Young Men's Hebrew Association was notable because most of the dancers were African-Americans. Then as now, the show drew on and celebrated African-American culture. Ailey was inspired by what he called his 'blood memories' of Texas - the blues, the gospel songs and the spirituals - and couched them in the vocabulary of his dance routines. His signature work Revelations, choreographed in 1960, still lies at the heart of the company's repertoire.
The group is a little more racially diverse now - it has a strong Japanese contingent, for instance - but it still vigorously preserves its African-American heritage. It also preserves the choreography of its founder, who died of Aids in 1989. Ailey choreographed 79 works, and these form the core of the repertoire. They are often revisited under the aegis of Ailey's spiritual heir Judith Jamison, a former dancer who's now the creative director.
Ailey had a distinct style of choreography, but he incorporated different techniques. Camille Brown's new piece The Groove to Nobody's Business, which features songs by Ray Charles, isn't based on Ailey's favoured Horton technique but on various elements of African dance.
It's also theatrical - Clifton Brown says the 'Theatre' part of the troupe's moniker isn't just there for show. The company, which sees itself as a repository of modern dance history, performs abstract dances as well as works with a story.
Camille Brown's new three-part work is about a contemporary urban experience. 'The beginning is about a businessman,' says Clifton Brown. 'He's called to head office, where he thinks he'll get a promotion. But it turns out that he gets fired instead.
'We see people on the stage doing their own thing in the city.
We know what the man is going through, but everyday life just goes on around him. People keep getting in his way - they don't care that he's upset. Everything just keeps moving on.'
In the next section, the same characters and the businessman are waiting for a train in the subway.
'It shows the hustle and bustle and irritations of city life. It's a crowded city and he gets irritated with the people around him, and irritated because the train doesn't show up,' the dancer says. 'Scene three shows the people on the train. They are inconsiderate and don't pay attention to anyone else's space.
I use a newspaper as a prop in that scene, and I enjoy that. It helps me get into my character, a bit like
an actor.'
Both Hong Kong programmes will feature Revelations, a free-flowing, elegant piece of choreography set to gospel and spiritual music based on Ailey's experiences of Baptist churches in the American south.
'Revelations is more than a dance - it's a spiritual experience,' says Brown. 'It comes from Mr Ailey's own life, and it embodies something about black culture and history. It was inspired by things
that Mr Ailey saw when he was growing up.
'But we always say that it's a very universal story. Everyone in the audience can relate to the feelings, even though they didn't grow up going to Baptist church. It's a spiritual journey about people in search of wider experiences.'
Brown, who hails from Arizona, is a product of the Ailey system. His mother took him to dance classes when he was young because he was clumsy - it was either that or karate lessons, he says.
He moved to New York to study in the Ailey/Fordham BFA programme in Dance and joined the company as a professional performer in 1999. 'Alvin Ailey was an inspiration to me,' he says. 'His legacy made me want to become a better dancer and strive for excellence. Our lives go into our dancing here. On stage, you just see the dancing. But a lot of life experiences go to make up that dancing.'
Many say that Jamison is now just as much an inspiration as the founder. She started dancing in the group in 1965 and stayed for 15 years before forming her own company. But she always stayed close to Ailey, and he anointed her his heir just before he died. Jamison simply says she's carrying on the spirit and techniques of Ailey.
Jamison's management has turned the company into a lucrative international act, but she still finds time to have a hands-on presence on the dance floor.
'Miss Jamison has a strong vision for the company,' says Clifton Brown. 'But she also gives the dancers space to experiment and do what they do. She likes to challenge us. She's always around - she oversees all the works and helps us to better ourselves. She knows so much. Before she ran the company, she was a top dancer. She has so much experience to pass on to us.'
Jamison has been involved with the company since 1965. But long tenures are common - one recently retired dancer stayed for 25 years. It's a great family-style experience that few want to give up, says Brown. 'It would be difficult to have this experience anywhere else. We do so many different things, and go to so many different places.'
But it's the work that ultimately breeds this loyalty, he says. 'Members of the company get to perform Revelations. That's special. Every dancer enjoys doing that.'
Programme A: The River, The Golden Section and Revelations, Nov 1 and 3, 8pm; Programme B: The Groove to Nobody's Business, Pas de Duke, Love Stories and Revelations, Nov 2, 8pm. Lyric Theatre, Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts. Tickets: HK$240 to HK$580. Inquiries: 3128 8288
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text:
1) Project Details: I'm looking for someone to help build a PHP script that can parse web pages. Parsing should extract selected fields and create a CSV file. When selected image files are found the program should be able to download the image files. Script should be able to use cookies to authenticate access to web pages.
2) Payment Amount: $100
3) Payment method/ details (Paypal, check? Timeline?): PayPal
4) Additional Info (about project or potential bidders):


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jul 20, 1971
|Filing date
|Aug 27, 1968
|Priority date
|Sep 14, 1967
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Original Assignee
|Omal Group Ltd
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (8), Classifications (10)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
United States Patent [72] Inventor Reginald Collins Potters Bar, England [21] Appl. No 755,607 [22] Filed Aug. 27, 1968 [45] Patented July 20, 1971 [73] Assignee Omal Group Limited London, England [32] Priority Sept. 14, 1967 [33] Great Britain [3 l 42,052/67 (54] SHEET-FEEDING ARRANGEMENTS 9 Claims, 3 Drawing Figs.
[52] U.S. Cl {51 Int. Cl [50] Field of Search [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,241,897 l0/l9l7 Ananson Primary Examiner-Joseph Wegbreit Attorney-Stephen H. Frishauf ABSTRACT: The invention relates to apparatus and a method for feeding copy sheets from a magazine to the charging means of an electrostatic copier. The magazine contains a stack of sheets and the apparatus comprises feed means for feeding each succeeding top sheet downwardly from the stack at an acute angle to a leading face of the stack across an edge of the stack so that the top sheet bows upwardly away from the next sheet in the stack to minimize the risk of adhesion between the top sheet and the next sheet as the top sheet leaves the magazine.
FIG 3 Pficmup C91 L/AS INVENTOR ATTORNEY SHEET-FEEDING ARRANGEMENTS This invention comprises improvements in sheet-feeding arrangements for feeding sheets from a stack thereof and concerns particularly but not exclusively such sheet-feeding arrangements for use in electrostatic copying machines.
For example, a sheet of copy paper is fed from a stack through a charger in an electrostatic copying machine, the charger imparting an electrostatic charge to the sheet.
A problem arises, particularly with coated papers used in electrostatic copying processes, due to the electrostatic charge being conducted back through the sheet, or the coating on the sheet, to the stack of copy paper. This tends to make the sheets in the stack stick together and to cause the sheet next to that being fed to attach itself to the tail end of the sheet being fed so as to be dragged off the stack by that sheet. Due to this effect, a whole succession of sheets may become coupled and fed from the stack as a continuous web or chain, the electrostatic charge being conducted back through the chain, continuously to charge and attach succeeding sheets to the tail of the chain;
One means of overcoming this problem is to ensure that the sheet being fed to the charger from the stack, leaves the stack before its leading edge enters the charger. This tends to enlarge the machine, however, which is a disadvantage.
The prescnt'ginvention provides apparatus adapted for use in feeding sheets from a stack thereof comprising a support adapted to support a stack of sheets and feed means for feeding each succeeding top sheet downwardly fromthe stack at an acute angle to a leading face of the stack, across that edge of said face defined by the next sheet in the stack so that said top sheet bows upwardly away from the next sheet in the stack.
The invention also provides a method of feeding sheets from a stack thereof wherein each succeeding top sheet is fed from the stack downwardly at an acute angle to a leading face of the stack, across that edge of said face defined by the next sheet in the stack so that said top sheet bows upwardly away from the next sheet in the stack.
By feeding the sheets in this way in which each top sheet is means is provided adapted to guide the top sheet in a concave curved path as it is fed from the stack, the guide means acting to bow the sheet-in the opposite direction to that in which it is bowed by the sheet feed means.
The guide means assists in bowing the sheet away from the next sheet in the stack by initially leading the sheet at the acute angle to said one side face of the stack at which it is fed from the stack by the sheet feed means. It may also have the effect of trapping a lower one of say two sheets fed forward simultaneously, in error, towards the charger. Thus, for example the leading edge of the lower sheet tends to drop away from that, of the top sheet, into abutment with a lower guide of said guide means, so as to arrest the movement of the lower sheet, while the top sheet continues to be fed forward by the sheet feed means. The separation of the sheets in this manner also prevents them adhering together by means of any electrostatic charge conducted back along the top sheet when the top sheet reaches the charging means.
There now follows a description, to be read with reference to the accompanying drawings, of a wet-type electrostatic copier embodying the invention. This description, which is also illustrative of method aspects of the invention, is given by way of example of the invention only and not by way of limitation thereof.
In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the electrostatic copier embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of sheet-feeding apparatus of the copier; and
FIG. 3 shows a side view corresponding to F. G. 2.
The electrostatic copier embodying the invention comprises (FlG. ll) sheet-feeding apparatus ill, a charging device 12 adapted to charge a copy sheet fed thereto by the apparatus 11, with a negative electrostatic charge, a projector 14 arranged to project an image to be copied onto the charged copy sheet to provide a latent image on one side thereof, apparatus 16 adapted for use in treating the sheet bearing the latent image with a developer liquid to develop the image, and a fan 18 arranged to dry the sheet leaving the apparatus 16; the copy sheet passing the fan 18 bears a developed image and is in a finished form. The path of the copy sheet through the copier is indicated by arrows in FIG. 1. The charging device 12, the projector 114 and the fan 18 are of conventional construction, and details thereof form no part of the present invention per se. The apparatus 16 is as described in our copending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 729,077, filed May 14, i968 and now abandoned, and again details thereof form no part of the present invention per se.
The apparatus llll (FIG. 2) comprises a cardboard magazine 20 containing a stack S of copy sheets and the apparatus is adapted for use in feeding sheets one at a time from the stack S. The magazine 20 provides a relatively rigid platform 22 supporting the stack S, a rear wall 23, sidewalls 24 and a top wall 26. The magazine 20 is open at the front and the platform 22 extends forwardly of the top wall 26. The top sheet of the stack S is spaced below the top wall 26. The platform 22 is pivoted on a fulcrum edge 28 provided by a fulcrum member 29 and extending transversely of the direction of feedjindicatcd by the arrow N; the platform .22is located on the fulcrum edge 28 by two spaced slots 30 in the platform 22 which are received over corresponding formations 31 extending upwardly from the edge 28. It will be realized that the fulcrum member 29 provides a support for the stack S. The weight of the stack S is distributed so that an edge E of the stack is yieldably urged upwardly by said weight into frictionalcontact with a pair of spaced generally D-shaped feed rollers 32 mounted side-by-side for rotation on a shaft 34 extending transversely to the direction of feed.
The rollers 32 are shown in an angular position in which a sheet (not shown) has been fed forward to secondary sheet feed means constituted by rollers 36, 38 and the rollers 32 are rcapproaehing their initial position ready to feed the next sheet exposed on top of the stack S. In this initial position, in which the feed rollers 32 are intermittently halted, the uppermost rounded corners 40 (FIG. 3) of the rollers 32 engage the exposed surface of the top sheet of the stack S adjacent the edge E, the noncircular sides of the rollers 32 then extending forwardly beyond the edge E of the stack. The axis of the shaft 34 lies above the stack S'beyond the edge E thereof in the direction of feed.
When it is required to feed the top sheet from the stack S the rollers 32 are rotated by conventional means (not shown) in the direction of the arrow G from their initial position as described, the top sheet is flicked from the stack S and fed downwardly across the edge E, which is now defined by the next sheet in the stack S, at an acute angle to the leading face of the stack, under a curved stationary guide 40a. The trailing portion of the top sheet now bows upwardly away from the next sheet in the stack S.
As the rollers 32 continue to rotate, the bowed sheet is fed forward across the edge E, which is maintained in contact with the rollers 32 by the weight of the stack S acting about the fulcrum edge 28, until the leading edge of the sheet reaches a position in the nip of the rollers 36, 38 which are subsequently operated to feed the sheet into the charging device 12. The change of radial distance between the edge E and the axis of the rollers 32, during rotation of the rollers 32 is accommodated by tilting of the magazine 26 on the fulcrum edge 28.
A stationary member 42 supports the fulcrum member 29 and provides a guide 44 confronting the guide 40a to define a curved guide passage for guiding the top sheet in a concave curved path towards the nip of the rollers 36, 38, as the sheet is fed from the stack S.
The guide passage is'curved upwardly over an exit portion adjacent the 36, 38 36,38 whereby the guide 44 acts to arrest the lower of two sheets which may happen to be fed forward together, as previously described.
Each roller 32 has a serrated flexible covering 46 so as to present triangular-sectioned flexible teeth extending transversely on their peripheral surface.
The magazine 20 is as described in copending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 713,806, filed Mar. 18, 19687 lclaim:
1. Apparatus for feeding sheets from a stack thereof comprising:
a support means for supporting a stack of sheets to expose at least a portion of the top sheet adjacent the leading edge thereof; and feed means for engaging the exposed surface of the top sheet of the stack adjacent its leading edge and for feeding each successive top sheet downwardly from the stack at an acute angle relative to a leading face of the stack, across the edge of said leading face, the edge being defined by the next sheet in the stack, to bow the top sheet of the stack upwardly away from the next sheet in the stack.
2. Apparatus according to claim I, wherein the support means is arranged so that the stack is yieldably urged into frictional contact with the feed means in the operation of the apparatus.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the feed means comprises a feed roller of generally D-shaped cross section, and means for rotating the feed roller through a complete revolution.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the feed means comprises a plurality of said D-shaped rollers, said rollers being coaxial.
5. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the support means comprises a platform supporting the stack, and fulcrum means for pivoting the platform on an axis extending transversely to the direction of feed so that in the operation of the apparatus the weight of the stack yieldably urges the stack into said frictional contact.
6 Apparatus according to claim 5, comprising a magazine containing the stack and providing the platform.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the magazine is of cardboard.
8. Apparatus according to claim 1, comprising guide means for guiding the top sheet in a concave curved path as it is fed from the stack.
9. Apparatus according to claim I wherein said feed means includes a guiding element.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 2, 1917
|John H Ananson
|Dec 6, 1915
|Sep 3, 1918
|Tito Giardi
|Automatic newspaper-distributer.
|May 5, 1920
|Jan 30, 1923
|Gaw O Hara Envelope Company
|Paper-feeding mechanism
|Jan 25, 1922
|Feb 20, 1923
|Legal-blank-vending machine
|Jun 27, 1918
|May 29, 1923
|Richard Neddo
|Stationery cabinet
|Apr 7, 1950
|Apr 8, 1952
|Sondon Systems Corp
|Ticket cartridge for copy writers
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 30, 1978
|Feb 24, 1981
|Polaroid Corporation
|Apparatus for bonding a transparent cover sheet to a photograph
|Sep 13, 1982
|Mar 27, 1984
|Nippon Electric Co., Ltd.
|Sheet feeding device
|Dec 3, 1982
|May 7, 1985
|Xerox Corporation
|Paddle retard feeder
|Dec 28, 1983
|Mar 4, 1986
|Musashi Engineering Kabushiki Kaisha
|Device for delivery of paper sheets for an apparatus for counting the number of paper sheets
|Mar 12, 1985
|Aug 26, 1986
|Glory Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Endless belt separator having an unsupported separating surface
|Nov 5, 1990
|Jan 7, 1992
|Xerox Corporation
|Combined differential deskewing and non-differential registration of sheet material using plural motors
|Dec 23, 1992
|Oct 26, 1993
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Sheet feed and alignment apparatus
|Oct 27, 1995
|Nov 11, 1997
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Processing apparatus
|U.S. Classification
|271/119, 271/127
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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Interface Rehab — Merced, CA
July 28 2016
Qualifications: Must have a negative TB skin test within the past year OR a clear Chest X-ray within the past five years. Experience: Entry-level to Experienced. Physical Requirements: A. Ability to&n…
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Our Aim We know how important it is to understand who to trust with our money and what kind of service we can expect. We want to make it easy for you to find a dealer that you can trust so that car bu…
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Student Writer Fall Internships for Study Breaks Magazine
Study Breaks Magazine — Virtual
July 27 2016
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Licensed Certified Occupational Therapist Assistant
Interface Rehab — Brawley, CA
July 28 2016
Qualifications: Licensure/Certification: Licensed as a Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant for the State of California, or eligible. Must have valid CPR certification within the last year. M…
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Rehab Technician - FT - Bloomfield Hills, MI
ATI Physical Therapy — Bloomfield, MI
July 27 2016
Basic Summary of Position : Individual is responsible for assisting Licensed Clinical Staff, maintaining overall cleanliness of the clinic, and ensuring clinic equipment is in working order. The Reha…
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Campus Manager
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July 26 2016
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2015-16: The junior went 1-4 in singles play and 5-5 in doubles play ... Went 2-0 with partner Daniel Khanin, defeated Greg Lyon and Steven Chen of Wesleyan, 6-3, Richard Han and Adrian Cordova of UC San Diego, 6-2 ... Opened fall doubles play with partner Yannik Mahlangu beating Ander Murillio and Drew Stewart of UDC, 8-0.
2014-15: Went 5-6 in singles play and 3-3 in doubles as a sophomore... had a two match win streak from March 8-March 11 that included victories over UC San Diego and UC Irvine... opened fall doubles play with wins over Ander Murillo and Diego Pinto of UDC, 8-3, with partner Shane Korber and Geoff Tulloch and Bruno Russo of Belmont, 6-2, 6-1, with Daniel Khanin ...Other highlights include an 8-1 victory with Lam Marco over George Mason's Aaron Capitel and Nick Barker.
2013-14: During his fall freshman campaign, Murphy went 9-4 in singles play and 3-4 in doubles play for the semester...Murphy won three matches at the Farnsworth Invitational including the consolation bracket...The three wins came after dropping his first match which moved him inot the consolation bracket, but Murphy proved to be successful when he defeated Bucknell's Jordan Lieb, 6-2; 6-0, Buffalo's Ashwin Sharma, 6-2; 6-5(4), in the consolation semifinals before he defeated Temple's Herman Vasconez in the finals, 6-4;6-4...Won four singles matches at the Georgetown Classic at the expense of Christopher Newport's Sam Thomson, 6-0; 6-1, George Washington's Sinan Ipeker, 6-1; 6-1, Christopher Newport's Greg Cistulli, 6-2; 6-3, in the consolation quarterfinals and Norfolk State's Igor Braga, 6-0; 6-1, in the semifinals before dropping the three-set consolation finals match to Johns Hopkins' Jeremy Dubin, 6-7(4); 6-1; 4-10...Won two singles matches at the Margaux Powers Memorial Tournament in Providence, R.I. against Darthmouth's Brendan Tannenbaum, 6-4; 6-1, and Middlebury's Jackson Frons, 6-4; 2-6; 10-8...Went 3-4 in fall doubles play with two victories while being paired with fellow freshman Yannik Mahlangu and one match with Alex Tropiano....Murphy tallied a spring season singles record of 11-7 while going 8-6 in doubles play...Started the spring season on a five-match winning streak taking down opponents from VCU, Campbell, Boston College, George Mason and Richmond...Posted a three-match win streak from March 30 to April 5 during which he took down Stratton Gilmore, Adam Krull of Xavier and Chris Toner of Connecticut...In doubles, went 4-2 when partnered with Yannik Mahlangu, 1-2 with Alex Tropiano and 3-2 with Jordan Portne...Won four matches to start the spring season with Yannik Mahlangu as his partner...Recorded two-straight 6-5 wins over Jonathan Quenard and Dylan Trent at Richmond and Photos Photiades and Alex Hagermoser of No.-65 ranked Yale ....Posted a three-match win streak with Jordan Portner as his doubles partner...The first came over Nikita Fomin and Azan Piperno of No.-54 ranked George Washington...final doubles victory came on April 16 after taking down Michael Rosengren and Matt Colonnese of Villanova.
Prior to Georgetown: A four-year letterwinner at La Jolla Country Day School...Also earned a letter his sophomore year for football...Captained the tennis team his junior and senior seasons...Awarded the CIF San Diego Division III Sportsmanship Award in 2011 and 2012...Awarded his high school team's most valuable player in 2012 and 2013...Was All-League all four years in high school...All-CIF his junior and senior seasons...Won the CIF Championships in 2010, 2012 and 2013...Advanced to the Finals in 2011 CIF Championships...Outstanding Performances: Swept CIF Finals in both his junior and season years...Played every match in his high school career, losing two sets each year every time his team traveled to Los Angeles, Calif.
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On Second Thought is a one-hour, daily news talk show that airs at 9 a.m. ET weekdays.
Our unlikely British sleuths are back on Saturday nights starting at 7 PM.
National Signing Day is over and the reigning AAAAAA Champions, the Colquitt County Packers, had 25 players sign letters of intent on National Signing Day. I had a chance to go one-on-one with Head... MORE
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With Georgia unemployment at 10-percent and still higher than the national average, any news of an opening is going to attract a crowd. In coastal Liberty County, there's a rush of job-seekers to a metal forging facility opening soon.
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Gigi Hadid in Hudson Skinny Jeans
I am starting to think that Gigi Hadid may be a strong contender for Denim Diva of 2016! She was photographed leaving her apartment in New York City, in a pair of Hudson skinny jeans, which she paired with a black sweatshirt and black hat.
The tuxedo stripe detail on these is a nice touch. They also look as though they have a subtle twist hem and possibly an ankle zip, which adds a couple of additional nice details. You can buy Hudson online from Shopbop.com.
Chanel Iman in Custom HUDSON Shorts
Chanel Iman attended the REVOLVE Desert House during Coachella in Thermal, California. The model wore a pair of custom shorts by HUDSON with a top by Daniel Patrick and vintage Red Wing boots. She finished her look off with Dior sunglasses and a necklace by Dylan|Lex.
I could definitely see these shorts carrying over into HUDSON's line and becoming a huge favorite among their fans. They have such a great look to them and are one of those styles that can be worn slouchy or fitted, like here. Which, I think, will add to their appeal if they were added to their line. How many of you would like to see these be part of the HUDSON line? You can click here to purchase shorts from the HUDSON website.
Hudson Warehouse Sale
Hudson jeans is hosting a Warehouse sale! From Friday October 16-17th, stop by and pick up some great pairs of jeans for men, women, and kids. Prices will start at $25 for kids and $40 for adults. Are you planning to pick something up?
Hilary Duff in Hudson LeeLoo Jeans in Vice Versa
Hilary Duff was photographed dropping a CD off at a friend's house. She has mentioned how she's planning on getting back into the studio to make a new album, so I wonder if the CD was hers?
Hilary wore her Hudson LeeLoo skinny jeans in Vice Versa with a black top and gray Isabel Marant booties. Hudson's LeeLoo and tuxedo striped styles were popular last fall, but I predict they'll still be popular this season as well. Hopefully we'll see Hilary style these in a few different ways this fall. Buy Hudson jeans online at Hudsonjeans.com.


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Asad: A Short FIlm
Rating Unrated
Genre: Drama, Action & Adventure
Directed By: Bryan Buckley, Brian Buckley
Written By: Bryan Buckley
Runtime: 18 min.
Hungry Man Productions
"Asad is a lyrical, moving and beautifully realized portrayal of a world we rarely get to see in cinema. Every shot of the film is well thought out and specific to this unique world - a fishing village in Somalia. Yet Asad's most astounding achievement is boasting an array of brilliant performances by a cast of Somali refugees. Congratulations to writer/director Bryan Buckley and his amazing cast on making a short film that is rather large in spirit, ambition and accomplishment."
~TriBeCa Film Festival Jury
Najah Abdi Abdullahi Hussein Abdi Mohamed Maymum Abdi Mohamed
Bryan Buckley
Bryan Buckley
Pop the Champagne!
Congratulations to Bryan Buckley for ASAD's Oscar Nomination
2012: A Record 11 Live Action Shorts to Compete for an Oscar.
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has released its shortlist of films that will advance in the category of live-action short. Because of a tie in the balloting, 11 films, instead of just ten, will move forward
Some fanfare from across the pond for Bryan Buckley's ASAD with the lovely folks from the UK publication DAVID REVIEWS .
Hungryman director Bryan Buckley has achieved huge success at festivals around the world with his short film Asad.
The film – which was also written by Buckley – takes place in a war-torn fishing village in Somalia where a boy must decide between life as a pirate or as an honest fisherman.
Buckley's decision to make this movie with an all-Somali refugee cast was inspired by his experiences shooting 'No Autographs' during the summer of 2010. Buckley, along with producer Mino Jarjoura, travelled with the United Nations to Kenya and Sudan and while filming in the Kakuma Refugee Camp, he interviewed many Somali refugees and was both fascinated by their spirit and moved by their struggles.
A year later, Buckley wrote and directed ASAD.
After premièring at the Tribeca Film Festival in April of this year, Asad won the prize for 'Best Narrative Short' and became eligible for an Academy Award nomination.
While in Sudan, Buckley met an American businessman who strongly influenced his views of the potential for the West to provide a positive role in Africa. Using a very simple premise, that cleanliness would change lives, Buckely observed how the availability of simple cleaning products available everywhere in the US were completely missing in most communities. By offering trash management tools as simple as trash bags & liners the refugee's communities were vastly improved and the spread of common infections greatly reduced. Common custodial products like detergents and garbage cans enabled refugees to take control of mounting waste in their camps immeasurably improving the lives of the inhabitants. Intelligent trash management and waste disposal is essential for a healthy community.
Asad then travelled west to the LA Film Festival and won the Audience Award for Best Short before being named by Indiewire as one of 'The Five Hottest Short Films of the Summer'.
The film screened at the Rhode Island International Film Festival (RIIFF) where it was awarded the Grand Prize for Best Short and became RIIFF's official representative to the Academy in hopes of a nomination.
The film was further honoured when Michael Moore personally selected Asad for the Traverse City Film Festival where it won the Special Jury Prize.
The film festival circuit is far from over for ASAD… it will appear around the world over the next nine months and – in the next few months – there's the possibility that it will be garlanded with an Oscar.
Go Bryan.
Rotten Tomatoes Reviews
A young man is torn between right and wrong as he tries to make a future for himself in this short drama. Asad (Harun Mohammed) is a thirteen-year-old boy growing up in the poverty and chaos of Somalia. While his homeland has been torn asunder by war, Asad dreams of living a peaceful life and earning a living as a fisherman. However, many of those around Asad have chosen to live outside the law, and are pressuring him to throw in his lot with the pirates who prey on those from other lands. Asad was shot in South Africa, using a cast drawn entirely from Somali refugees who had never acted before; director Bryan Buckley and producer Mino Jaroura were inspired to make the film after interviewing a number of Somali exiles while making the documentary short No Autographs. Asad was honored at several major film festivals, and was nominated for a 2013 Academy Award as Best Live Action Short Subject.
** Nick Martucci
Set in Somalia and starring Somalian refugees, yet doesn't feel quite as sentimental as you'd expect. It feels a bit disconnected from it subject and isn't so much a complete story as much as a series of small events. Certainly the weakest of the 2013 Oscar nominated live action shorts. Harun Mohammed is good as the titular Asad, and you want to root for his strong will, but the film doesn't really give you too much to root for. Ultimately, it just drags for the short run time and doesn't really leave you feeling much of anything.
*** Michael Wilson
Looks great, but falls short. This could have been a much better film with some more direction, but it is solid enough to deserve an Oscar nod.
** 1/2 First Last
The story behind this Oscar-nominated live-action short is more interesting than the film.
A Somali boy is torn between the pull of piracy and the mundane subsistence of fishing.
The production values of Asad are strong and the characters interesting-maintaining an upbeat attitude and hint of humor even with the constant threats to survival. However, the story line lacks drive, and the funny but dissonant end offers no answer to the premise of this live action short.
Most of the actors in Asad are Somalian refugees director Bryan Buckley (known for his Super Bowl ads) met in a Kenyan refugee camp after they were forced from their country. The leads, 12- and 14-year-old brothers Ali and Harun Mohammed, were illiterate; and Buckley is now paying for their schooling in Cape Town, South Africa, where the film was shot.
He is also working with the governments of South Africa and the United States, trying to get the boys the necessary visas (complicated by their refugee status), so they can attend the Academy Awards ceremony.
Asad may not be award worthy, but it seems that there should be a special gold statue-or perhaps a halo-somewhere for Bryan Buckley.
Reviews from Letterboxd
Review by Nathan White ***
**Oscar Nominated Live Action Shorts 1/5**
Even though Asad had what seemed to be a great story, and with a funny ending that give short films their charm, however I was left a little disappointed.
The concept was there, but the execution of the story was very rushed, which resulted in the story being very flat, with no build up, conflict, or resolution.
Review by Lise ***
2013 Oscar nominated Live Action Short
If Asad is seen as a fable of sorts, the film is absolutely lovely. But if viewed as a narrative short, the ending is a little off, only in the sense that it leaves some loose ends that make you wonder why some of the other characters were introduced in the first place. But to hell with it, it is still worth a watch and it is guaranteed to make you smile.
Review by dogunderwater ****
Probably the most charming of the Oscar-nominated shorts. The story, set in Somalia, is sharp, funny, and surprising.
Review by Brett Blumenkopf ***
Strange short film that is almost entirely a bleak drama until it turns into a one-note joke that inspires little more than a shrug.
Review by Jared Mobarak *** 1/2
Young Asad (Harun Mohammed) is an energetic boy with an insane knowledge of the ocean and tides that make him a perfect candidate to become a fisherman like his teacher, old Erasto (Ibrahim Moallim Hussein). Saddled with a streak of bad luck preventing him from catching anything substantial, however, his time spent on the beach drifts from fishing onto his idol Laban (Adiwale Mohamed) and the other men readying to go off with bad attitudes and guns to rob Europeans on the open sea. In a war-torn country like Somalia, many children grow up into the violence and horror because they have no other choice. Only the lucky few like Asad with a guardian angel of sorts can hope to stay on a righteous path.
Writer/director Bryan Buckley of Hungry Man Productions is a prolific commercial director with over forty Super Bowl ads, thirty-seven Cannes Lions, five Emmy nominations, and a 2010 Adweek Readers' poll Commercial Director of the decade victory. With all these accolades in a career that began back in 1994, it's amazing he's only just now earning his first Oscar nomination for the short film Asad. More than a modern fable rooted in a dangerous world devoid of rules, this work is a collaboration by those who wish to see their country reborn as an inhabitable society. Every actor involved—save a British woman at the end—is a Somali refugee who still holds onto the hope better days may be coming.
A wonderful parable on humanity's strength and will to survive, we watch Asad prove himself to be more of a man than any of those quick to pick up a gun and terrorize unsuspecting innocents. When a band of Mogadishu soldiers comes to threaten his friend Ali (Ali Mohammed), only Asad is there to stick up for him. When Erasto is beaten and cut by the same amoral rebels, only Asad is willing to help. The winds of legend say the boy will one day capture the greatest catch his hometown has ever seen, but they're merely words without the love of his mother and tutelage of Erasto to stir him true. We all make choices holding either salvation or destruction and through Asad we learn the power of singular courage against insurmountable corruption.
Review by chrisailor ** 1/2
Worthwhile for the manner in which was made (the cast is made up almost entirely of real-life Somali refugees), but it's ultimately pretty slight. It's tonal shifts are promising, but not executed all that well.
Review by Nathan White ***
**Oscar Nominated Live Action Shorts 1/5**
Even though Asad had what seemed to be a great story, and with a funny ending that give short films their charm, however I was left a little disappointed.


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Alexandria, VAUSA
Hometown: Arlington, VA
June 19, 2014
Moneypunk since the '90s: worked for e-gold, ran an offshore gold brokerage with a server at HavenCo, all that good stuff. Doing other things these days, but I watch cryptocurrencies with interest.
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Role: Meethi
Role: Nandini
Nandini Mahendra Pratap Singhania is Naitik and Rashmi's first cousin,daddaji and bhabhima's daughter
Film Stars on small screen are wonder to see. Find out the list of Nidhi Uttam Shows and know him more as a Television Star in Nidhi Uttam TV Shows section. Did you like the show? Just leave a comment!!!
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