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The Perspective from My Garage
Even now, mainstream media is getting the story all wrong—Doc reflects on the backlash against Linux in the press.
by Doc Searls
On my browser is a CNET piece titled, "Got Linux? Many Companies Say No", by Sergio G. Non. The subhead reads, "News Analysis: Linux penguins are braying louder, but companies don't plan to adopt many of them in the near future." The opening text paints fact as speculation, then shoots it down: "...because the economy is still weak, many tech observers believe that Linux—and its price tag of 'free'--will attract more businesses looking to cut costs. At least that's the theory. Practice indicates something else."
The "practice", however, is anything but. It's a Goldman Sachs survey of 100 technology executives who were asked to name their highest and lowest spending priorities. Top priorities were migrating to new versions of Windows, security software and UNIX servers. At the bottom were mainframes, supply-chain management software and Linux servers. Again, these were spending priorities. No practice involved. Also no respect for the virtues of Linux as an instrument of savings.
We finally run into actual practice about halfway through the piece, when the author reports that Amazon.com has just "saved millions by switching to Linux from UNIX in many areas of its business". Then we read quotations from an IT consultant who says, "Many of our clients consider Linux to be a very real option for cost savings", and "There's a definite ROI." The same consultant later adds, "I would agree that many companies are scaling back forward-looking projects.... However, the feedback we get from our clients is that they are very interested in Linux."
In fact, the weight of evidence in the piece actually favors Linux, on the whole. But that's not the story this CNET writer wanted to tell. There's a backlash against Linux right now in the business press, and this guy was just doing his part. To be fair, there's a backlash against everything associated with the dot-com bubble, from venture capitalists and day traders to the countless wacky ideas that attracted hugely speculative investments.
But I think the backlash hits Linux worse for a number of reasons. One reason is that there aren't many pure Linux companies left. The Business Tux population has thinned to the point where it looks like an endangered species, even while a lot of big companies like IBM are crooning their love for Linux.
Last week I purged my collection of business cards collected over the last several years, and all but a few of them went in the trash. The ones I tossed were mostly from companies that are now dead, absorbed into other companies or busy repositioning themselves as something else.
And another problem was the brief but spectacular moment Linux had in the spotlight on Wall Street, a spotlight that fell on Tux at the very peak of the Street's speculative fever. In late 1999, no fleece was more golden than Linux, even though very few investors knew what Linux did, other than appear to threaten Microsoft. Between August and December of 1999, Red Hat, Cobalt, Andover and VA Linux all had huge IPO successes. VA's debut run-up was the biggest in Wall Street history.
Today, the only one of those four companies that still proudly flies the Linux flag is Red Hat—and I say hats off to them. Cobalt was acquired by Sun. Andover was acquired by VA, which recently filed to change its name to VA Software; they've even rid its stock of the once-valuable LNUX name.
The larger problem was that too many dot-com companies were not companies at all. They were projects—ventures. They were like those businesses with false fronts that lined the streets of mining towns built overnight in the Old West and abandoned almost as fast when the lode ran out, if it was ever there in the first place. From the street they looked like real businesses in real towns, but in fact, everything in sight was a gamble.
But Linux isn't a gamble, not as a technology. But it also isn't a business—and that brings us to our third problem, which is trying to understand and explain it to real businesses. The Goldman Sachs study cited by that CNET article typifies the problem. Linux in its pure state isn't for sale. You can't look at its popularity in terms of sales.
Worse, prognostications have ways of flat-out sucking anyway. Yesterday I went through boxes in the garage looking for a document I've been saving for a dozen years because it was so spectacularly wrong, right from the minute it was printed. I couldn't find it, even though it was thick as a phone book and chock-full of evidence for the continued growth of OS/2, Novell and other brand-name LANs, the likely success of AT&T in the computer business, the continued growth and proliferation of a dozen different UNIX brands, especially AT&T's original UNIX, recently bought by Novell and rebranded as UnixWare, a lot of stuff about Lotus Notes, and the continuing share losses for Apple. There was nothing, of course, about the Internet, and nothing about Linux. There was no idea that a PC would ever be hooked up to anything more significant than a printer and a fileserver.
But I did find some wonderful other nuggets. A Sports Illustrated from November 30, 1981, had a cover story on the preseason, number one North Carolina Tar Heels, with four of the team's stars: James Worthy, Matt Doherty, Jimmy Black and Sam Perkins. Not shown is the player that would emerge not only as the team's biggest star, but the best player in the history of the sport: Michael Jordan. And there was a Popular Electronics from July 1976. "Exclusive! Now You Can Build a High-Quality Intelligent Terminal!" it says. I page through it. There are a lot of ads for CB radios and stereo gear, electronics courses and antennas. But near the front is a two-page spread, the headline of which reads, "Imagine a Microcomputer". Below is a box with LEDs and switches on the outside and an inside that's all backplane and power supply. The copy went on:
Imagine a microcomputer with all the design savvy, ruggedness and sophistication of the best minicomputers.
Imagine a microcomputer supported by dozens of interface, memory and processor option boards. One that can be interfaced to an indefinite number of peripheral devices....
It was an ad for the MITS Altair 8800-b. It didn't succeed, but the vision sounds mighty familiar, doesn't it?
Doc Searls is senior editor of Linux Journal. His monthly column is Linux for Suits. He is also a coauthor of The Cluetrain Manifesto.
email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Doc Searls is Senior Editor of Linux Journal
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July 29, 2015
NYU CGPH Contact: Julia Cartwright | firstname.lastname@example.com | (202) 550-2501 / (212) 992-6117
New Report Details the Lingering Effects of Superstorm Sandy – Initial Findings of the Million-Resident Sandy Child and Family Health Study
New Brunswick, NJ -- Superstorm Sandy continues to affect the lives of tens of thousands of New Jersey residents, in the form of unfinished repairs, disputed claims, and recurrent mold. These after-effects still linger for Sandy-impacted residents, and are associated with increased odds of residents experiencing mental health distress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression.
According to the Sandy Child and Family Health Study, a major representative population study of 1 million New Jersey residents living in Sandy's path, over 100,000 New Jersey residents experienced significant structural damage to their primary homes from Superstorm Sandy. Based on findings released from this study, which was conducted by Rutgers University and New York University (NYU), in collaboration with Columbia University and Colorado State University, among those New Jersey residents whose homes suffered such damage, 27% are experiencing moderate or severe mental health distress and 14% report the signs and symptoms of PTSD even two and a half years after the storm.
"Recovery, or stalled recovery, is not as dramatic as the storm and the initial response," noted Dr. David Abramson, the study's principal investigator. "But it is what exacts the greatest toll both financially and psychologically. Sandy may have occurred nearly three years ago, but it has had an enduring impact on those individuals and communities exposed to it," he said.
Among the study's objectives were to help the state identify the health and well-being of residents exposed to the storm and to begin to identify unmet needs.
"The state always knew recovery from Superstorm Sandy would take years," New Jersey Health Commissioner Mary O'Dowd said. "In the aftermath of Sandy, the Department of Health recognized the need for research and so we funded this study so we could hear the concerns of recovering families and modify our ongoing Sandy programs to better address the needs of those who are still coping with recovery issues. For example, the Department recently extended programs for behavioral health assistance and lead screening for another year."
"It was striking to us and to our field team of over 30 interviewers how Sandy still dominated the lives of so many New Jersey residents," added Rutgers University's Dr. Donna Van Alst, the study's co-Principal Investigator, "even two and a half years after the event. People across the economic spectrum were affected." Other findings from the study revealed that:
The findings from this study are based on face-to-face surveys with 1,000 randomly sampled New Jersey residents living in the state's nine most-affected counties. The research team from the four universities deployed a team of nearly three-dozen community-based interviewers to conduct the surveys. In addition, the team used flood storm surge data and housing damage data to identify a "disaster footprint," the geographic area within New Jersey that was exposed to Sandy.
The 1,000-person sample was drawn so as to be representative of the 1,047,000 residents living in this Disaster Footprint. The footprint extends from Cape May in the south of the state to several miles north of the George Washington Bridge, and stretches from the shoreline to over 20 miles inland.
The study is modeled upon a similar five-year study conducted by Abramson and Columbia University's National Center for Disaster Preparedness in Louisiana and Mississippi after Hurricane Katrina, the Gulf Coast Child and Family Health Study. The Sandy study was funded by the New Jersey Department of Health using Social Services Block Grant (SSBG) – Sandy Supplemental funds. Department of Health Commissioner O'Dowd recognized this study as an opportunity to gain valuable, unprecedented insight on the public health impact of the storm on New Jersey residents and to guide the Department's recovery activities.
The first two Briefing Reports were released on July 29, 2015, "The Hurricane Sandy PLACE Report: Evacuation Decisions, Housing Issues, and Sense of Community," (.pdf here) and "The Hurricane Sandy PERSON Report: Exposure, health, Economic Burden, and Social Well-Being" (.pdf here) (www.scafh.org ). Additional Briefing Reports that focus on persistent and unmet needs, and the status of residents' disaster recovery, will be released in the next several months.
"The similarities between Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy are quite disturbing," noted NYU's Abramson. "Many adults and children are still experiencing emotional and psychological effects, so long after the storm passed. In a significant number of cases housing damage is at the heart of the problem, and it's very concerning to hear that so many of the federally-financed programs have ended even though the needs still clearly persist."
Experts are further concerned that the results of this study reflect a pattern that is seen after many large-scale disasters here in the U.S and internationally. "By far, one of the least understood aspects of disaster management is how to make recovery from catastrophic events efficient and rapid, so that people can return to a state of normalcy as quickly as possible", said Irwin Redlener, MD, Director of the National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University's Earth Institute. "This prolonged uncertainty and persistent trauma are very difficult for families and especially traumatic for children", added Dr. Redlener, who is president of the Children's Health Fund and a professor at the Mailman School of Public Health.
The study is a partnership of four academic centers – the Program on Population Impact, Recovery, and Resiliency (PiR2) at NYU's College of Global Public Health, led by Abramson; the Institute for Families, at Rutgers' School of Social Work, represented by Donna Van Alst, Patricia Findley and Sandra Moroso; Columbia University's National Center for Disaster Preparedness, represented by Irwin Redlener and Jonathan Sury; and Colorado State University's Center for Disaster and Risk Analysis, led by Lori Peek.
NYU College of Global Public Health:
At the College of Global Public Health (CGPH) at New York University (NYU), we are preparing the next generation of public health pioneers with the critical thinking skills, acumen and entrepreneurial approaches necessary to reinvent the public health paradigm. Devoted to employing a nontraditional, inter-disciplinary model, CGPH aims to improve health worldwide through a unique blend of global public health studies, research and practice. CGPH is located in the heart of New York City and extends to NYU's global network on six continents. Innovation is at the core of our ambitious approach, thinking and teaching. http://publichealth.nyu.edu/
Rutgers School of Social Work and Institute for Families:
Amber Hopkins-Jenkins
Rutgers University Communications
(848) 932-0554
Rutgers School of Social Work provides an extraordinary combination of nationally recognized faculty and outstanding field education opportunities. Founded in 1766 and located in the heart of the New Jersey-New York-Pennsylvania region, Rutgers University has always offered students a top-notch, affordable education. As a part of Rutgers since 1954, the School of Social Work carries on that tradition, turning passionate, committed students into leaders who serve society in policy, academic, clinical, and corporate settings. The mission of the Institute for Families (IFF), at the Rutgers School of Social Work, is to support and strengthen individuals, families, and communities by building the capacity of human service professionals and organizations. This is accomplished by providing a focal point for training, research and service activities concerned with strengthening families. http://socialwork.rutgers.edu/InstituteForFamilies
Columbia University's National Center for Disaster Preparedness:
Kyu-Young Lee
Columbia's Earth Institute
(212) 851-0798
The National Center for Disaster Preparedness at the Earth Institute works to understand and improve the nation's capacity to prepare for, respond to and recover from disasters. NCDP focuses on the readiness of governmental and non-governmental systems; the complexities of population recovery; the power of community engagement; and the risks of human vulnerability, with a particular focus on children. www.ncdp.columbia.edu
Colorado State University's Center for Disaster and Risk Analysis:
Jeff Dodge
Colorado State University
(970) 491-4251
At the Center for Disaster and Risk Analysis (CDRA) at Colorado State University, we engage in interdisciplinary research, education, and outreach activities for the primary purpose of reducing human vulnerability to disasters and increasing individual and community capacity to prepare for and recover from hazard events. http://disaster.colostate.edu/
This Press Release is in the following Topics:
Research, College of Global Public Health
Type: Press Release
Press Contact: Julia Cartwright | (202) 550-2501 and (212) 992-6117

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Researchers Now Have a Myriad of...
Keep the Opportunities, Lose the Opportunists
Loss of Lives in Clinical Trials...
Clinical-Style Validation, Regulation, and Quality Control...
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Geron's sole treatment imetelstat was placed on full clinical hold by the FDA, the company acknowledged today, after Phase II studies linked the blood cancer treatment to persistent low-grade liver function test (LFT) abnormalities, raising agency concerns about the potential risk of chronic liver injury following long-term exposure to the first-in-class telomerase inhibitor.
"The FDA expressed concern about whether these LFT abnormalities are reversible," Geron said in a statement, adding that it "plans to work diligently with the FDA to seek the release of the clinical hold.
The clinical hold affects eight remaining patients in a Phase II study assessing the drug's effects in essential thrombocythemia (ET) or polycythemia vera (PV), as well as two remaining patients in a Phase II study in multiple myeloma.
Geron said it was informed about the clinical hold by FDA verbally. The clinical hold prompted Geron to cancel a quarterly conference call with analysts scheduled for 4:30 p.m. EDT today to discuss the company's fourth quarter and annual 2013 financial results. The company said it will report those results in its Annual Report.
FDA's hold marks the latest clinical setback for the drug. Two years ago, Geron halted a Phase II trial of imetelstat in metastatic HER2-negative breast cancer, after results showed that the primary efficacy endpoint of median progression-free survival (PFS) in the imetelstat arm was shorter than in the comparator arm of treatment with paclitaxel. The company also declined to advance into Phase III a second Phase II trial focused on the drug candidate's effects on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
However, in December, the Mayo Clinic trumpeted promising early results for imetelstat, saying the first 22 of 33 patients taking the experimental drug for myelofibrosis achieved complete or partial remissions, including reversal of bone marrow fibrosis in four of the five patients. Two of the five patients with complete or partial remission also experienced complete molecular remissions.
Geron repositioned itself as a developer of first-in-class oncology drugs in 2011 and eliminated 66 full-time positions, representing 38% of its workforce at the time, after dropping its embryonic stem cell (ES) program, despite being first to go into clinical trials with an ES cell product.
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MDMA (commonly known as the empathogen "ecstasy") is classified as a Schedule 1 drug, which is reserved for compounds with no accepted medical use and a high abuse potential. Two researchers from Stanford, however, call for a rigorous scientific exploration of MDMA's effects to identify precisely how the drug works, the data from which could be used to develop therapeutic compounds.Do you agree that ecstasy should be studied for its potential therapeutic benefits?
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Taking on the task of training your dog might feel intimidating if you have never tried it before. While there are some things you need to know, there are plenty of resources for a beginner at dog training. This article contains some basic information to help you as you undertake the training of your dog.
You need to know when to call a professional. When your dog training is going poorly, a professional can help out. A professional trainer can help you you back on track, and teach you how to properly train your dog.
Regularly challenge your dog. Try giving them "quizzes" to see what they know, even if you know they will succeed.
One good way to get your dog's attention is by getting him accustomed to responding when you call him by his name. This will teach your dog to respond when you call, and will give you good control in possibly challenging situations. Practice this until you are satisfied by the dogs response. Avoid confusion by not calling your dog to you for punishment.
Do not quit when you are training your dog. Frequent reinforcement is the only way to help your pet maintain new behaviors and actions. Food and shelter are lifelong needs for your dog, and training is no different.
Dogs learn by repetitive technique and reward. Once you get the dog to understand what you expect. practice everyday until the dog understands there is a reward involved. This is the accepted method for teaching a dog a new behavior. Dogs learn through repetition and reinforcement.
If you will be away from home for any length of time, such as going to work, then you need to make certain you take your dog on a long walk before you leave. If you play with your dogs and exhaust them, it helps the dogs handle the anxiety they may feel from being separated from you when you leave.
When training your dog never punish him; doing so will only make him be resistant to any further training. While it's best to prevent bad behavior to start with, if your pet is misbehaving, make sure he does it right the second time. Training your dog is a great way to develop a positive relationship with him.
As stated in the beginning of this article, there are many dogs that are trained for various reasons. Most dogs try to please their owners and this is especially true of dogs that are well-trained. It is hoped that you have found some helpful tips in this article that will aid your efforts to train your pooch.
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Number of results: 127 Results in the category "Events".
Order byAlphabetical order The most visited
Medieval Days in Castro Marim
In August, Castro Marim returns to the Middle Ages, in a highly rigorous historical recreation.During four days and nights, the castle of Castro (...)
Festivities of Nossa Senhora dos
In September, see the festivities of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios in Lamego, and don't miss the Procession of the Triumph, the most symbolic point of (...)
Madeira Wine Fest
Take part in September in the festival that's dedicated to one of the most famous products from Madeira island.The Madeira Wine Harvest Festival is (...)
SATA Airlines Azores Islands Pro
In September, come and see the exhibitions of the world's best surfers during the SATA Airlines Azores Islands Pro, which takes place in São (...)
Columbus Festival
In September, in an atmosphere evoking the period of the Portuguese Maritime Discoveries, the island of Porto Santo puts on a whole range of concerts (...)
ObservaNatura 2015
Learn more about birds and their habitats at ObservaNatura, that takes place in October at Moinho de Maré da Mourisca near Sado River estuary. This (...)
RC44 Cascais Cup
September will see Cascais host the fourth event in the RC 44 Cup, a very competitive sailing circuit in extremely fast boats in all kinds of sea and (...)
Encontros da Imagem
The Encontros da imagem photography festival, is held in Braga, and constitutes a leading visual arts event at the national and international (...)
Sagres Birdwatching Festival
Plan your visit to Sagres and do not miss the Birdwatching Festival!In October, Sagres in the Algarve will host the largest birdwatching event held (...)


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Realistic Simulation or High fidelity Simulation with simple and intuitive operation. The system, designed by Alldattia and built in the USA, is already running in more than 30 instalations.More
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Remember the good old days when Canada geese were majestic wildlife? Growing up on an island in Lake Erie, every fall vees of honkers crossed the eastern horizon at sunrise as I sat in a duck blind. They were coming from Jack Miner's refuge along the Canadian shore of the Detroit River, heading out to feed in some distant field or patch of aquatic vegetation, only to return again in the evening, as long as the snow and ice did not cover everything.
In the 1950's and 1960's I never shot a Canada goose in Southeastern Michigan. For that matter, never even had a bird come close enough for a shot.
That was the "good old days" when Canada geese migrated. Today most of the Canada geese in the US are non-migratory, and their numbers are exploding — tripling in the last 30 years — which has turned a majestic species into a flying rat, befouling golf courses, parks, and sports fields.
Like so many places across the US, Canada geese have lost their aura and become pests like pigeons, starlings, and sea gulls, except that Canada geese are bigger — and that means as much as a pound a day of goose poop per bird, as well as a lot of grass gobbled up on golf courses, malls, lawns, etc., as well as farmers' fields.
Then there are goose-airplane meetings, such as the January 15, 2009, encounter between a flock of Canada geese and US Airways Flight 1549 where honkers were sucked into both engines and roasted, resulting in a total power loss after takeoff from New York LaGuardia Airport on, forcing the pilot to ditch in the Hudson River.
The habituated, non-migratory goose problem has been obvious to me daily as I pass by the local high school in Mill Valley, Calif., and watch 50 to 100 Canada geese blissfully grazing on the grass in the athletic fields.
"It got so bad that a kid would make a dive for a fly ball and come up covered in goose poop," says Mike Wills, the girl's baseball coach at Mill Valley's Tamalpais High School.
The football field was an especially attractive place for the feeding geese, which would wing in every day. The honkers got so acclimated to people that you could approach them as close as 15 feet before they would fly, and then they would only glide a few feet away, unless you purposefully gave chase or tried to hit one with a football. The longer they stayed, the more brazen they got. Chasing them out of football, baseball and soccer practice, even during games, became more and more difficult. And the goose poop accumulated and the smell got worse and worse.
Finally, it got so bad that the high school resurfaced the football field with Astroturf. That sent the big birds to the edges of the field, where real grass was still to be found. It made them observers, but still you had to walk through real grass and goose poop to get to the field.
Recently, the geese vanished, not just from the football field, but all the other athletic fields. No, they did not lay down more Astroturf — the cost was too prohibitive. I wondered if they had hired dogs to chase the birds away.
One day, while driving past, I noticed something in the field that looked like a coyote. Living adjacent to the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, we have coyotes that have become habituated to people in this area, and lost nearly all their fear. Last year there was one who in broad daylight would sit in the shade of a big eucalyptus tree beside Highway 1 and watch the cars go by, waiting for someone to toss garbage out the window.
On the way back from the post office, I saw that the coyote in the athletic field at Tam High was still in the field, but the same place. I stopped and checked it out. Then it became clear that this was not a real coyote, but an imitation one.
That's when Coach Wills showed up and introduced me to the "coyote," which is made of lightweight, flexible rubber and mounted on a stake driven into the ground. Its posture is crouching, as if it is about to attack. And its face is fixed with a menacing growling expression.
"When the wind blows," Wills said, "the coyote moves and wobbles like it's alive. We move them around the fields almost every day. And since we've had two of them out the geese are nowhere to be seen."
There have been only two problems with the faux coyote, he added. One is that some people driving by have called the police and the humane society to report a coyote on the high school sports fields. The other is that the face on the rubber coyote is so evil-looking, some of the girls on the baseball team don't want to go near it, Willa said with a chuckle.
The faux 3-D coyote is made by Bird-X. They run about $59.00 each. And doing a little online research, I found that some other parts of the country including Dayton, Ohio, have had similar good results with rubber coyotes scaring away geese.
This seems a lot easier and cheaper than some of the elaborate and expensive systems of noise-makers, goose-chasing dogs, chemical repellents, egg nappers, goose snipers and trapping birds that other communities have been using, with limited success. If enough people would use faux coyotes, maybe it would scare the honkers back into the wilds where they belong, and hunters could take over goose management.
So far, the 3-D rubber coyotes are a big success out here. (Fingers crossed. Two months and counting.) The only worry is that whether eventually they will attract real coyotes.
James Swan who has appeared in more than a dozen feature films, including "Murder in the First" and "Star Trek: First Contact," as well as the television series "Nash Bridges," "Midnight Caller" and "Modern Marvels" is the author of the book "In Defense of Hunting." Click to purchase a copy. To learn more about Swan, visit his Web site.


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Infinitesimal: How a Dangerous Mathematical Theory Shaped the Modern World (Hardback)Amir Alexander
Hardback Published: 03/07/2014
- Not available
On August 10, 1632, five leading Jesuits convened in a sombre Roman palazzo to pass judgment on a simple idea: that a continuous line is composed of distinct and limitlessly tiny parts. The doctrine would become the foundation of calculus, but on that fateful day the judges ruled that it was forbidden. With the stroke of a pen they set off a war for the soul of the modern world. Amir Alexander takes us from the bloody religious strife of the sixteenth century to the battlefields of the English civil war and the fierce confrontations between leading thinkers like Galileo and Hobbes. The legitimacy of popes and kings, as well as our modern beliefs in human liberty and progressive science, hung in the balance; the answer hinged on the infinitesimal. Pulsing with drama and excitement, Infinitesimal will forever change the way you look at a simple line.
Publisher: Oneworld Publications
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Beulah Land South Band
Beulah Land South Band
Sunday, October 21st, 2012 at 12:00am
All Ages
BLSB will be at the fair in Pensacola FL on Oct 21 time TBA
6655 West Mobile Highway
The Pensacola Interstate Fair, Inc. is the largest and most exciting event held on the Gulf Coast! The Fair serves the useful purpose of providing the facilities for the Agricultural, Educational, Scientific, Livestock, Cultural, Commercial and Industrial resources of surrounding counties and states. Being of an Interstate character attracts and receives exhibits and participants from all over the country! The Pensacola Interstate Fair is a star-spangled parade of exhibits and features arranged and planned for everyone's supreme satisfaction!
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DEFINITION of '12B-1 Fund'
A type of mutual fund that charges its holders 12B-1 fees instead of up-front or back-end commissions. 12B-1 funds take a portion of assets held and use them to pay expense fees and distribution costs. These costs are included in the fund's expense ratio and are described in the prospectus.
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BREAKING DOWN '12B-1 Fund'
The name 12B-1 comes from the Investment Company Act of 1940's Rule 12B-1, which allows fund companies to act as distributors of their own shares. Rule 12B-1 further states that a mutual fund's own assets can be used to pay distribution charges. Originally, the rule was intended to pay advertising and marketing expenses; today, however, a very small percentage of the fee actually goes toward these costs.
12B-1 FeeAn annual marketing or distribution fee on a mutual fund. The ...
12B-1 PlanA no-load mutual fund that is allowed to use fund assets to pay ...
Level LoadAn annual charge deducted from an investor's mutual fund assets ...
LoadA sales charge or commission charged to an investor when buying ...
Exchange FeesA type of investment fee that some mutual funds charge to shareholders ...
Class Of Shares1. Types of listed company stock that are differentiated by the ...
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Why Are ETF Fees Lower Than Mutual Funds?Discover all the reasons ETFs typically have lower fees than mutual funds, including their passive management and the absence of load and 12b-1 fees.
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Cosy Room in the Heart of Palma
Size10 m²
Floor No.(with elevator)
- Internet/WiFi
- Balcony/terrace
- Towels
- Elevator in building
- Kitchen
- Washer/dryer
|Guillem Galmes, 07004 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
|Property type
|Private room
|Property ID
|Acceptance rate
|Response time
|A few hours
|Calendar updated
|2 days ago
The city beach is also quite close - 20 min by feet or 5 by bus. In the apartment my guests can use living room, totally equipped kitchen, bathroom .
|Weekly rate for 1 guest
|£ 115
|Monthly rate for 1 guest
|£ 443
|Price for > 1 guests
|£ 9 per guest/night extra
|Check-in After
|Check-in before
|On arrangement
|Check-out Before
|Cancellation Policy
Lage, Freundlichkeit, Kommunikation, Schlafkomfort...alles hervorragend. Sehr empfehlenswert.
Très bonne accueille, la maman très souriante, touchante, attachantes je me suis sentie comme a la maison, j'avais ma petite larme au yeux en quittant cette maison.
Chambre très correcte, propre, on a la liberté d'utiliser d'autres espaces de la maison , vraiment merci.
A house of Miguel have been very good. He is his mother are very nice and friendly, available for any question is stated.
The room is nice and clean, as was the bathroom.
The house is located in a very convenient location, close to Plaza de Espana and the intermodal station. I recommend it
A casa di Miguel sono stata molto bene. Lui è sua madre sono molto simpatici e cordiali, disponibili per qualsiasi domanda è indicazione.
La camera è carina e pulita, così come il bagno.
L'abitazione si trova in una posizione molto comoda, vicina a Plaza de Espanya e alla stazione intermodale. Ve lo consiglio
Bright room in the real City of Palma. Very good WiFi. Salon and shared kitchen. Simple, but genuine. Very good communication with Miguel, who has to work a lot of the time - ¡Ánimo, Miguel! And a good example of that Mallorca is still a part of Spain ...
Helles Zimmer in der echten City von Palma. Sehr gutes WLan. Salon und Küche zur Mitbenutzung. Einfach, aber echt. Sehr gute Kommunikation mit Miguel, der zur Zeit sehr viel arbeiten muss - ¡Ánimo, Miguel! Und ein gutes Beispiel dafür, dass Mallorca immer noch ein Teil Spaniens ist ...
Miguel and his mother are nice people. The room is comfortable and the fan was really useful with the hot weather!the flat is near the city center which is a good thing too.
Miguel is a very nice room very close to the city centre in Palma. The best about my stay with Miguel, was his very friendly and helpful way. Also there is two very nice small dogs - who are just lovely. I enjoyed the company of Miguel and his family a lot. The apartment is well situated and has great big kitchen and living room. Everything was perfect.
The host cancelled the booking, this review is automated.
I thought i already wrote a recommedation. But to be shure i write it again. I had a very nice stay with Miguel and his familily. They realy gave me the feeling to come home. They where helpfull and interesting in me and the things a did in Palma. Helpfull when i asked for it and respect my privacy. It was a clean room nice situated next to the old centre of Palma. They gave me a warm welcome. I had a very good time with them
I am grateful to Michael for such kindness, hospitality security and q had at home. The Amfitrion always at the service of its guests and is deposed to help in any way possible q. The room is very clean and bright, the apartment is very close to the historical center and all places of interest. If you want to visit other parts of the island the bus and train station is 3 minutes from the house. In my opinion is perfect location for travelers q appreciate quality / price.
Estoy muy agradecida a Miguel por tanta amabilidad, seguridad y hospitalidad q tenia en su casa. El amfitrion siempre esta al servicio de sus huespedes y esta despuesto a ayudarles en todo lo q es posible. La habitacion es muy limpia y luminosa, el apartamento esta muy cerca del centro historico y todos lugares de interes. Si quereis visitar otros partes de la isla la estacion de trenes y autobuses esta a 3 minutos de la casa. En mi opinion es ubicacion perfecta para viajeros q aprecian calidad/precio.
First we were surprised that the host also lived, but because Miguel is so nice it was no problem. The advantage is that everything is.De place was great: close to the bus station and the flat very fine goed.Een residence.
Eerst waren we verbaasd dat de host er ook woonde,maar omdat Miguel zo aardig is was het geen probleem .Het voordeel is dat alles er is.De plek was prima:Dicht bij het busstation en de flat heel goed.Een prima verblijfplaats.
- Quality assured accommodation
- Every host is verified by telephone
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text:
Dear VRTX message board members,
Like many of you, I am sitting on pins and needles dreaming about VRTX announcing their all-oral RVR/SVR-4 numbers. This is eerily similar to waiting for TVR approval last May. So I have been scouring over the clinical data trying to come up with a reasonable number for the all-oral RVR. Here is what I have:
a). From PROVE-2, TVR + INF = 36% (12 weeks)
b). From Zenith (previous all-oral), TVR + high dose 222 = 59% (4 weeks)
c). TVR as SOC = ~75%
So from this data, I deduce the following:
1. RBV seems to be making a big difference as seen from a & c. So if we set 59% as the floor (b/c there has been no viral breakthrough and it shouldn't be worse with RBV), then we very well could see >70% RVR for TVR + 222 + RBV. I welcome the board's feedback on my logic.
Thank you,
I stated an observation with two clauses.
Go to the dictionary and look up the word 'insult'.
Than show how my observational statement by that definition was one... and clearly my comment was not.
Therefore, I suggest you read carefully before responding again. My words were carefully selected when I wrote them... which is a very nice way of saying, "Don't make yourself look like an idiot that doesn't know how to read." < This probably IS an insult.
Have a nice day. : )
And yet you follow with additional insults......
You decry insults with your first clause, and then insult with your last.
You guys are hilarious. You dont make any points You just fling insults. If either of you think the PE is high but doesnt matter because earnings are just ramping up, you are wrong. With declining revenue that will be close to zero for telaprevir soon enough the current high PE may be as good as it gets. And if you think a PE in the hundreds is sustainable in the face of a negative earnings outlook, for which there is broad consensus, you are wrong again. Its hard to feel sorry for you guys losing money when you post pointless jibes . Am long ONXX and GILD. Happy with both. Thought I would check out what kind of investor would still be in VRTX in the face the PSI 7977 results and lame telap/222/rbv results. Now I know. Look at the data. Make a rational point. Or apologize to your mothers for losing the money they gave you.
This is the first and hopefully last time he has posted on the VRTX
board. He seems to be an ONXX groupie who was probably asked to play somewhere else.
<<The P/E bounces around in the 250-300 range. Just look it up. What do you think it is???>>
Now you are acting like a village idiot.
Quit using Yahoo numbers brainlessly.
The question is
Do you understand what PE stands for in first place?
Do you know how to calculate a simple PE and how to use it?
Do you understand PE based on growth?
Do you know the difference between medical companies and other sectors like tech and how to apply potential of growth and PE?
Do you know why REGN and many other pharma companies trade at very high price (REGN is over $100) with negative income that produces infinity PE (Yahoo put it at N/A)?
It is worthless to respond to you when you do not understand the basic about financials.
The P/E bounces around in the 250-300 range. Just look it up. What do you think it is???And I don't see any analysis from you, just incoherent knee jerk hostile responses to posts that don't agree with your view of VRTX. It is fun to see the passengers on HMS Vertanic debating whether that is really an iceberg ahead. Do me a favor and post some trial results that back up your idea of VRTX as having more than a briefly profitable future. Ultimately the market will decide what VRTX is worth. It already is. And it won't react favorably to the inevitably (and already)declining telaprevir sales. Doctors who sense their patients can wait for a short spell (12-24 months is very short in the natural history of patients with fibrosis stage 0-2, the great majority) for simpler, safer, shorter and more effective therapy. Just like they did when telaprevir was getting close.
More S&P research report:
Our buy opinion reflects our view that VRTX's
valuation remains attractive, despite recent
volatility, amid declining INCIVEK trends and
positive clinical news flow from potential HCV
rivals. Despite maintaining a leading market
share, we view VRTX's 2012 INCIVEK sales outlook
as disappointing. However, we expect its
cash flows to support sizable pipeline investments.
We view positively the recent early FDA
approval of Kalydeco, and we see potential for
peak annual sales in excess of $1 billion if additional
patient sub-group approvals are secured.
Read S&P recent report of VRTX(Feb 6). I put just one statement from that report.
"At December 31, 2011, VRTX had $969 million in cash, which we view as sufficient
to advance its diverse pipeline, ahead of
expected hepatitis C competition as early as
1- For sure vrtx will advance its oral brand of hep c to compete.
2- VRTX still will get a sizable revenue from INCEVEK if lowers the price in 214. It is a drug that works.
VRTX is not an HCV company, they are a company that has an HCV drug.
The assumption on WS is that there will be declining sales in HCV through 2014, and then a quick drop to zero thereafter. Downside is already priced in (or out depending on the perspective). That is evidenced by the 100% data by GILD... not too long ago that would have caused a wild precipitous drop in VRTX pps, but now with the pessimism built in already, there was barely a reaction. Point me to an analyst, fund, or retail investor who is optimistic about VRTX and it's future in HCV beyond 2013 - don't think there are any.
VRTX is a CF company in my opinion. Kalydeco will bring in 5 - 10X more in sales than Incivek over the life of the drug well into the 2020's. No matter what corrector (or what company) ultimately gets approved (and VRTX has multiple shots on goal - well ahead of competition), it will require Kalydeco in combination. And I have no doubt at all a corrector will ultimately get approval, as VX-809 has established proof of concept. No one to my knowledge is even getting into potentiator research... just corrector, and that's because of the slam dunk efficacy and safety of Kalydeco. Very high bar to meet.
All that money will be funneled into the pipeline and future collaborations/mergers/acquisitions.
VRTX has a very bright future. The difference between a VRTX and others is in their pipeline. You will never hear of these other rinky dink HCV companies in years time, but you will be seeing big sales from multiple drugs in multiple indications from VRTX in the future.


text:
- Forum: Entertainment, Culture, and Sports
- Thread: Hard to read, the fiction.
Quote: Originally Posted by denimdestroyedmylife I hear Woody Allen's voice... Deconstructing Harry? At the risk of derailing, I saw Interiors for the first time recently. Very Bergman, but easily his best serious picture. Amazed it took me so long to get around to it. Yeah, it doesn't get enough praise because people dismiss it as simply a good Bergman tribute, but it's a stunning film in its own right.


text:
With sweeping views of the countryside, this £1.5m former water softening plant turned modern mansion in Kent is a unique dream property.
A look at the dinning room. Picture: Savills
The heritage listed property was purchased back in 2005 and converting it into a six bedroom six bathroom art-deco style home has clearly been a labour of love.
Moving out: Stephanie Rice to sell her Paddington home
Originally built in the 1930s, the four-storey property was a water softening facility up until 1942.
The design retains the original structure while make the most of natural light. Picture: Savills.
Located on the outskirts of Faversham, the house sits on a 3.24 hectare block just an hour and twenty minutes by car to London.
Hot property: What does $US19.95m buy in West Hollywood?
The house has two terraces for entertaining including one with a heated pool, and the building's design makes the most of natural light and the picturesque surroundings.
Relax by the pool while enjoying the scenery. Picture: Savills.
The stunning property features wall to floor windows, spiral staircases, elegant living areas, a gym, home cinema, a large underground carpark, electric gates and sensor lighting.
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There is also a 116 sqm storage building area to the side of the main house that "could be suitable for a range of alternative uses, subject to the necessary planning consents," according to the listing.
This stunning bedroom may need a bit of plumbing. Picture: Savills
The house was listed for £3.75m back in 2013 and the guide price has dropped considerably. The conversion is described as 90% complete with the remaining 10% left in the hands of potential buyers.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 16, 1996
|Filing date
|Dec 14, 1993
|Priority date
|Dec 14, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Ching Chu, Mike VanderWindt
|Original Assignee
|Antel Optronics, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (30), Classifications (4), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to optical time domain reflectometers (OTDR).
OTDR's are used to determine the integrity of and locate faults in fibre optic cable. They operate by transmitting a light pulse from a laser along the fibre and monitoring the signal received at the same end of the fibre. The signal received will depend upon the Raleigh reflection or backscattering of the optical pulse and upon the attenuation of the optical pulse along the fibre. Assuming the fibre is faultless, a progressively decaying signal will be received over the period it takes for the pulse to traverse the fibre. If however, a fault exists in the fibre then a discontinuity in the signal will be displayed, either as a spike where the fault is reflective in nature or as a step where the fault is non-reflective such as, for example, dirt included in the weld between fibres.
OTDR's may be used to check fibres up to 200 km long and have proven extremely beneficial in locating faults within fibres. One commercially available unit that has proven extremely versatile is that sold by Antel optronics under the trade-name AOC. In this device the signal is sampled once per launch or firing of the laser and the sample recorded as an analogue signal on a capacitor. The timing of the gating of the sample may be varied from launch to launch so that the sample is collected at different distances along the fibre and the location of any discontinuity in the fibre can thus be located. This technique, however, while commercially successful, exhibits very low photonic utilization, that is the period during which the light pulse generated by the laser is sampled is short, and multiple firing of the light source is required to obtain the characteristic curve.
it has previously been proposed to sample the received signal periodically during each launch and store the samples individually. This provides an indication of the location of the fault in the fibre based upon the relative timing of the signals. As suggested in WO 93/02344 the sampling may be done with an A/D converter and the digital value stored in a memory. WO 93/02344 also suggests the possibility of repeating the launch several times and obtaining an average value of the received signal at each sample. The application contemplated in this document however does not require a high degree of accuracy for fault location, in the order of +/-0.25 km., and so the sampling rate is relatively low, in the order of 2.5 seconds. Accordingly, the storage and retrieval of data does not present a significant problem. This order of accuracy however is not acceptable in most applications where OTDR's are used.
The resolution of the fault location, that is the accuracy with which the location of the fault can be determined, depends in part upon the frequency at which the signal can be sampled. The lower the frequency, the longer the interval between the samples which correlates into greater distance along the fibre between samples. A sampling frequency of 50 Mhz for example provides a resolution of about 2 metres and interleaving of launches can improve the resolution still further.
As the sampling frequency increases, the manipulation of data becomes more demanding until it becomes the limiting factor. Previous proposals for storing and averaging data have utilised a software driven process controlled by a CPU. With such a procedure however the time taken to address the memory for reading data, writing data and performing arithmetic functions limits the sampling rate to below that required.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,185,874 to Trent discloses a data acquisition procedure that seeks to overcome this problem. Individual read and write addresses of the memory are computed from an initial address by incrementing the address by a predetermined address increment at each sample period. However, data flow is still controlled primarily by addresses thus requiring the intervention of an address recognition function. To maintain the resolution, the Trent patent proposes to interleave data samples on successive launches by incrementing the initial address. However, this arrangement requires multiple launches to acquire data at the required resolution and emphasises the need for accurate address recognition and processing.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an OTDR that may sample the received signal at a high frequency and therefore offer higher photon utilization in a simple yet effective manner.
In general terms, therefore, the present invention provides an OTDR in which the successive data samples are stored in a memory in which the reading from the memory and writing to the memory is constrained to a predetermined sequence upon application of successive control signals. Accordingly, successive samples are retrieved and stored in a predefined sequence without the necessity for applying addresses to the data or examining addresses to retrieve the stored data. Application of a control signal, typically a clock pulse, will retrieve or store the next sample in the sequence allowing sampling to proceed at a high rate.
It is preferred that the memory is a FIFO and that the applied control signal is a clock pulse. It is also preferred that the memory is provided by a pair of individual memories each of which receives control signals to process successive samples. Access to the memories is under the control of a switch that alternates between the individual memories and thereby reduces the sample rate at each memory whilst retaining the overall high data rate. Each of the memories is constrained to process the received data in a controlled sequence so that control over the sequencing of the data samples is maintained.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an optical time domain reflectometer;
FIG. 2 is a schematic of a control logic module used in the embodiment of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a further schematic showing further details of the circuit of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a logic block diagram of a memory used in the embodiment of FIG. 1.
Referring therefore to FIG. 1, an optic fibre indicated at 10 is interrogated by an OTDR generally indicated at 12. The OTDR includes a light source in the form of a laser 14 connected through a beam splitter 16 to the fibre 10. The laser 14 is driven by drive circuit is from a data acquisition circuit 20. Signals from the fibre are received through the beam splitter 16 into an optical transducer 22 and transferred as an analogue electrical signal to the data acquisition circuit 20.
Circuit 20 is used to initiate interrogation of the fibre 16, process the signal received from the fibre and store the data for further processing. The data acquisition circuit 20 is controlled by a data signal processor (DSP) 24 which establishes initial conditions in the circuit 20 as a result of external input from the operator and allows collected data to be extracted.
The data acquisition circuit 20 is controlled by an external clock 25 operating at 50 Mhz and includes an analogue to digital (A/D) converter 26 to receive the signal from the transducer 22 and sample it at the clock speed. The A/D converter 26 is connected to a control logic module 28 which controls the operation of the laser driver 18 and the reading of data to and the writing of data from a pair of FIFO memories 30,32.
Each of the FIFO memories 30, 32 stores data sequentially in an array of memory registers and reads data sequentially from those registers upon receipt of successive read signals. The FIFO memories 30, 32 therefore retain data in the sequence in which it is received and read data from the memories 30,32 in a corresponding sequence.
The FIFO memories 30, 32 are commercially available units such as those available from Cypress Semiconductor under product number CY7C464 and will be described in further detail below with reference to FIG. 4. Each of the memories 30,32 has an operating speed of 33 Mhz and is formed from a plurality of modules to provide a 32k�18 bit data array.
The control logic module 28 is shown in more detail in FIG. 2. The module 28 includes a bank of control and status registers, indicated collectively at 34, each of which controls a different function. The registers in the bank 34 are addressed by the DSP 24 through a data bus 35 to set initial conditions in the register bank 34 and report to the DSP 24 upon completion of the test.
The bank 34 includes an acquire status register 36 which contains error flags, and keeps a record of the number of times that the laser 14 has been fired; a pulse width register 38 which contains a value indicative of the width of the pulse to be generated by the laser, that is the period of time in which the laser 14 is energised by the laser driver 18; a repetition register 40 which contains a value that determines the number of samples that will be taken for each launch; a pulse delay register 42 which contains a value indicating the delay between start of the sampling and launching of the laser 14 and a control register 44 that is used to control the individual laser selection and associated circuitry.
The control logic module 28 also contains an acquisition control module 46, a pulse generating module 48 and a FIFO controller 50, each of which is clocked from the external 50 Mhz clock 25.
The output from the A/D converter 26 is directed through an input 52 to a multistage pipeline adder 54 in the data acquisition circuit 20 which also receives data read from the FIFOs 30,32 through input 53. The adder 54 sums the two inputs, and delivers the result through an output 56 to a register within the FIFOs 30,32. Selection of data from the FIFOs 30,32 is under the control of FIFO controller 50 which includes a bistable switch 58 to address alternate FIFOs at each clock pulse through control lines 51a,51b respectively.
The acquisition control module 46, pulse generator module 48 and FIFO controller 50 and their inter-relationship is shown in further detail in FIG. 3.
The acquisition control module 46 includes a pair of counters 60,62 each of which has a 5 bit register 61,63 associated with it. The counter 60 is a 16 bit register and is incremented by clock 25 at each sample to provide a maximum of 64k samples at each launch. As the frequency of the samples is determined by the frequency of the clock 25, the number of samples selected is determined by the length of the fibre under test.
The register 61 is loaded from the register 40 with a value corresponding to the 5 most significant digits of the number of samples to be taken. A comparator 65 compares the register 61 with the count in the five most significant digits of counter 60 and when they are equal provides a carry signal 64.
The carry signal 64 is applied to the clock input of counter 62 so that the count in counter 62 is incremented for each full count of register 60. The register 63 is loaded with the contents of control register 44 to determine the number of launches per test and through a comparator 67 generates an output signal 65 when the 5 most significant digits of the counter 62 correspond to the contents of register 63. The signal 65 is used as an interrupt to the DSP 24 to indicate the completion of the test.
The pulse generating module 48 includes a 10 bit counter 66 which is loaded with the contents of pulse width register 38. The counter 66 is clocked by the clock 52 and initiates countdown upon receipt of the output signal 64 from comparator 65. A control signal 68 to operate the laser 16 is generated by the counter 66 during countdown and is fed to a programmable delay unit 70. The unit 70 receives the contents from the pulse delay register 44 and determines the required delay before passing the control signal to the driver 18.
The carry signal 64 generated by comparator 65 is also applied to the FIFOs 30,32 to reset the read/write pointer of each of the FIFOs at the initial data register.
As may be seen in FIG. 4, the carry signal 64 is applied to reset logic 72 to reset the read pointer 74 and write pointer 76. Read pointer 74 is incremented under the operation of a read control 78 by application of the output of switch 58 and initialised by carry signal 64.
The write pointer 76 is incremented under the operation of write control 80 which writes data to the FIFO 30,32 upon application of the clock signal from switch 58. The write pointer 76 is offset from the read pointer 74 by the difference between the number of "WRITE" and "READ" operations but initially both pointers are at the same location. After initialization, which will be described below, both the read pointer 74 and write pointer 76 will increment through data registers the FIFO memory 30,32 at each applied clock pulse to read and write data in a predetermined sequence.
In operation therefor, the initial conditions are set in the register bank 34 from the DSP 24 based on the length of fibre to be tested (number of samples), the attenuation characteristics of the fibre (the pulse width), and the delay required before launch of laser 14 to initialize the sampling process.
Upon start of a test, the values set by the DSP 24 are loaded into the respective registers 36 through 44 in the register bank 34. The registers 61,63 associated with counters 60, 62 and counter 66 are loaded from their respective registers. For the first launch of the laser 18, the counter 62 is empty and this condition is used to inhibit operation of the read control 78 while the first set of samples are obtained. At the same time, the signal from the transducer 22 is sampled by the A to D converter 26 and applied to the adder 54 through input 52. The signal at input 53 is held at zero for the first launch so that the output of adder 54 represents the sample value. The samples are presented to the output 56 in sequence and directed to alternate ones of the FIFOs 30,32 by the bistable switch 58 where they are written in sequence. In the embodiment, adder 54 is a seven-stage pipeline adder. Accordingly, the write control 80 of each FIFO is initially inhibited by a counter for the clock pulses necessary to fill the adder 54 and the write control 80 enabled when the first sample is available at the outputs 56. Thereafter, the samples will be written in sequence to the FIFOs at each clock pulse. At the next clock pulse, the bistable switch 58 accesses the FIFO 32 through control line 51b and extracts the corresponding data from its initial register for application to the adder 54. Successive samples are thus extracted from alternative FIFOs 30,32 in sequence.
The adder 54 proceeds to sum the two signals and produce the result on the output 56. During this period, the write pointer 76 is maintained at the initial location in each of FIFOs 30,32. Upon summed data being generated at the output 56, the write control is enabled and the summed data is written to the data register from which the data was extracted. Thereafter, one of the write pointers 76 of FIFOs 30,32 is incremented at each clock cycle to write data in the same sequence and location from which it was extracted.
The initiation of the test also increments the counter 60 at each clock pulse and initiates the operation of the 10-bit register 66 to determine the pulse width of the laser. The delay unit 70 passes the pulse from the counter 66 as determined by the contents of the pulse delay register 42 and switches on the laser 14 through the drive 18. The pulse is thus transmitted through the fibre 16 and the reflected signal received at the transducer 22. At each clock pulse, the receive signal is sampled and presented to one input of adder 54.
After the requisite number of samples have been taken as determined by register 61, the carry signal 64 initiates the next launch of the laser 14. The carry signal 64 also increments the counter 62 which releases the read control 78. At this time, the write pointer 76 is offset from the read pointer 74 by the number of samples. The bistable switch 58 is also conditioned to its initial condition so that upon application of the first clock pulse, the contents of the initial data register in the FIFO 30 are read first. This is presented to the input 53 of the adder 54 and the first sample of the signal applied to the input 52. The adder 54 combines the signals to provide an accumulation of the samples at the output 56. The write control 80 has been inhibited while the adder 54 processes the first sample but during this time a number of samples have been read. The write pointer follows the difference between the write and read apparatus and so remains at the next available data location. Upon release of the write control 80, the sample is written to the next available data location and successive samples stored in the predetermined sequence until the counter 60 again indicates the requisite number of samples have been taken. At this time, the initial data samples have progressed to the reset location of the read pointer. The carry signal 64 therefore resets the FIFOs to the read pointer 74 with the first data sample so that at the next launch, the accumulated data will again be combined with a sample from a corresponding location on the fibre. This is achieved without the need to address each sample.
At each launch, the counter 62 is incremented and launches continue until its count corresponds to the register 63 and an interrupt signal is sent to the DSP 24. At that time, the data registers in FIFOs 30,32 contain the accumulation of samples at each location along the fibre.
It will be appreciated that the control over the read and write pointers 74,76 and the operation of the FIFOs 30,32 ensures that corresponding samples from successive launches are accumulated in sequence in the FIFOs 30,32. Accordingly, after a number of launches as determined by the register 63, the FIFOs 30,32 will contain the accumulated data for all of the samples. The data will be correlated by its order in the FIFO to a position along the fibre and accordingly any discontinuities in the data can be used to identify a fault or abnormality in the fibre.
The adder 54 is a pipeline adder as noted above to facilitate processing of the two datastreams. In the preferred embodiment, a seven-stage pipeline adder is utilized and to facilitate accumulation of plural samples of the data, it is preferred that the FIFO 30,32 are 18-bit data arrays although the A to D converter 26 produces a 10-bit sample.
The provision of the bistable switch 58 permits each of the FIFOs to be operated at half the clock speed--that is, 25 Mhz--and thereby permits the processing of the data in an orderly manner.
It will be seen therefore that the OTDR provides assimilation of the data at a high sample rate giving a resolution in the order of 2 metres when operating at 50 Mhz. Moreover, the multiple sampling during each launch produces a high photon utilization and the accumulation of the data by successive additions facilitates recognition of the discontinuities.
Similarly, the use of FIFOs minimizes the control functions necessary to extract and store data in sequence and avoids the delays inherent in reading and writing to addressable CPUs. Again, this enhances the acquisition of data at a high data rate.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
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|Integrated optical time domain reflectometer/insertion loss measurement system
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|Dec 27, 1988
|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Optical time domain reflectometer with heterodyne reception
|Jul 20, 1987
|Feb 14, 1989
|Bbc Brown Boveri Ag
|Arrangement for time-resolved optical backscatter measurement at optical waveguides
|Jan 21, 1987
|Mar 14, 1989
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Adaptive selection of OTDR test parameters and the fusion of data taken from successively shrinking measurement spans
|Apr 12, 1988
|Jun 13, 1989
|Sumitomo Electric Fiber Optics Corporation
|Simultaneous bi-directional optical time domain reflectometry method
|Oct 4, 1988
|Oct 24, 1989
|Laser Precision Corporation
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|May 22, 1990
|Laser Precision Corporation
|Signal averaging for optical time domain relectometers
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|Aug 28, 1990
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
|Optical fiber backscatter signature generator (OFBSG)
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|Jun 4, 1991
|Smiths Industries Aerospace & Defense Systems Incorporated
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|Jun 11, 1991
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|Nov 26, 1991
|Reliance Comm/Tec Corporation
|Shared laser tandem optical time domain reflectometer
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|Dec 3, 1991
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Adaptive pulse width optical fault finder
|Sep 4, 1990
|Dec 10, 1991
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
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|Oct 3, 1990
|Jan 21, 1992
|U.S. Philips Corp.
|Heterodyne optical time domain reflectometer
|Dec 14, 1990
|Mar 3, 1992
|John Maycock
|Monitoring system for fiber optic cables utilizing an OTDR for detection of signal loss and automatic location of faults in the cable
|Jun 22, 1990
|May 12, 1992
|Hitachi Cable Limited
|Fiber optic distributed temperature sensor system
|Dec 7, 1990
|Jun 23, 1992
|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Optical time domain reflectometer and current voltage converter for use therein
|May 16, 1991
|Jul 14, 1992
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|Expansion windowing system for a measurement test instrument
|Jul 24, 1991
|Aug 11, 1992
|So Vincent C Y
|Optical time domain reflectometer for selective testing of optical fibers with different core diameters
|Dec 23, 1991
|Aug 25, 1992
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|Sample and hold with intermediate reset voltage outside of the magnitude range of the input
|Jun 7, 1991
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|Non-combustible composite material structure and production thereof
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 14, 1993
Owner name: ANTEL OPTRONICS, INC., ONTARIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHU, CHING;VANDERWINDT, MIKE;REEL/FRAME:006802/0898
Effective date: 19931210
|Jul 17, 1995
Owner name: BANK OF MONTREAL, CANADA
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ANTEL OPTRONICS INC.;REEL/FRAME:007534/0014
Effective date: 19941222
|Aug 31, 1998
Owner name: NORTECH FIBRONIC INC., CANADA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS INC. AS RECEIVER AND MANAGER OF ANTEL OPTRONICS INC.;REEL/FRAME:009414/0728
Effective date: 19980717
|Jul 15, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 6, 2003
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 16, 2004
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Mar 16, 2004
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20040116


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Specs For Rex (Paperback)Yasmeen Ismail
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Rex has new glasses and he HATES them! He does NOT want to wear them to school, and he tries to hide them - in the strangest places! But it's pretty tricky hiding specs that are so big, and round and RED ...It's funny how things turn out, though, because Rex's specs end up winning him a gold star, and a new friend. Even better, he can SEE properly. A beautifully illustrated and charming story about the positive effects of being, well, maybe just a little different.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
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"Specs For Rex"
Rex, like most of us, hates wearing his glasses. But Rex, like most of us, needs his glasses, and wearing them of course ends up making his life a whole lot better.
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