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Refurbished Bagless Vacuum Cleaner£39 instead of £87.99 (from Ambevo) for a refurbished VAX U88 upright vacuum cleaner, £49 for a HOOVER JA1600 vacuum - save up to 56%
A refurbished VAX U88 upright vacuum cleaner from Ambevo (was £89.99) OR redeem towards another Wowcher deal.You save 56% (£48.99)
A refurbished HOOVER JA1600 upright vacuum cleaner from Ambevo (was £89.99) OR redeem towards another Wowcher deal.You save 46% (£40.99)
Save up to 56%
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- Bust the dust with one of two refurbished vacuum cleaners.
- The VAX U88 upright vacuum.
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- Comes with 3-month warranty.
The Fine Print
- One per person.
- May buy multiples as gifts.
- Voucher valid until 26th Feb 2014.
- Postage costs an additional £5.99.
- Please allow up to 10 working days for delivery after redeeming.
- Subject to availability.
Full Details
If you insist on being a bag lady, let today's deal convince you to go bagless - at least with the vacuum cleaner…
We're offering you a refurbished VAX U88 upright vacuum cleaner for just £39, or refurbished HOOVER JA1600 upright vacuum cleaner for just £49, saving you up to 56% off Ambevo's prices (correct as of 8.2.14).
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Refurbished VAX U88-W1-B Vacuum Cleaner:
- 2.4 litre capacity
- HEPA filtration
- 7 metre long cord
- 2.4 metre long hose
- Suitable for all floor surfaces
- Weighs 4.7kg
- 210 air watts
- Comes with adjustable floorhead and plastic extension tubes
Refurbished HOOVER JA1600 Vacuum Cleaner:
- 3 litre capacity
- Anti-allergy HEPA filtration
- 6 metre cord
- Suitable for all floor surfaces
- Weighs 7.4kg
- 1600 watts
Please note: Refurbished vacuums may have slight cosmetic marks and/or show small signs of use. Due to the nature of this product, we are unable to include instructions, although instructions for the U88-W1 Series model can be found online (click here).
How to Redeem
- When the deal ends we'll send you your unique wowcher code.
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Once purchased, you can redeem this wowcher towards another wowcher or claim a Wowcher Wallet Credit. Click here for more info.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 21, 1981
|Filing date
|Oct 30, 1979
|Priority date
|Oct 30, 1979
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Howell A. Jones, Jr., Robert B. McFiggans
|Original Assignee
|Pitney Bowes Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (17), Classifications (9), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to electronic postage meters, and is more particularly directed to an electronic postage meter of the type having a keyboard for the entry of postage to be printed, a display for displaying postage to be printed as well as other data, an electronic counting device, and a printing mechanism.
Devices of the above type are generally known, and are discussed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,978,457. This reference discloses a system for a postal meter including keyboard for the manual introduction of data corresponding to the postage to be printed.
A further series of devices has been disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,951,221, wherein a signal corresponding to postage to be set in a postage meter is derived as a function of a number of variables, such as weight, postal zone, postal service, time, etc., in an external computing system. Systems of this type, however, incorporate scales or the like, as well as electronic look-up tables, thereby inhibiting their use in many applications such as in offices requiring only the occasional use of a postage meter.
As a consequence, in the provision of electronic postal meters as hitherto contemplated, it has usually been necessary for an operator to precalculate the total postage amount required for a given package, prior to the introduction of any data in the keyboard of the postal meter, in the same manner that was generally required for earlier completely mechanical devices.
The present invention is therefore directed to an improved electronic postal meter, wherein a keyboard is provided on the postage meter itself for the entry of postage values, and the meter is further provided with one or more arithmetic function capabilities, including at least an adding function, whereby either a manually entered display or a postage setting display may be modified and set into the print wheels without the necessity for external calculation of a number of values or manual re-entry of the setting value display.
In accordance with one modification of the invention, the calculation function may be effected in a similar manner to that conventionally employed in hand-held calculators, by the use of an arithmetic calculator chip or the like. In a more advanced and improved modification of the invention, however, the postage meter is provided with a program more positively directed to the requirements of a postage meter and other functions to be achieved thereby, whereby the data may be processed with a minimum of additional hardware. This latter approach is possible in view of the minimized cost of the equipment, as well as the improved versatility of the solution.
In order that the invention will be more clearly understood, it will now be disclosed in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a simplified perspective view of a postal meter which may incorporate the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the panel of the postal meter of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram of the orientation of the elements in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a simplified diagram of the circuitry of a control unit for a postal meter in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 5 is a simplified diagram of a circuit for the accounting system for a postal meter in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 6 is a more detailed block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the control unit for a postal meter in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an opto-electric isolator that may be employed in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a more detailed block diagram of a preferred embodiment of an accounting unit in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the electrical system of the printing unit of a postal meter in accordance with the invention; and
FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of the test for the BC DOWN signal;
FIG. 11 is a flow diagram for the TIMEDD signal;
FIG. 12 is a flow diagram of the test for the depression of various keys;
FIG. 13 is a flow diagram of the test for the depression of a clear key;
FIG. 14 is a flow diagram of the test for the depression of a numeric key;
FIG. 15 is a flow diagram of the test for the depression of the decimal key;
FIG. 16 is a flow diagram of the test for the depression of the arithmetic key;
FIG. 17 is a flow diagram of the test for the depression of the set key; and
FIG. 18 is a flow diagram of the test for the depression of the count total key.
Referring now to the drawings, and more in particular to FIG. 1, therein is illustrated a postage meter 20 removably affixed to a base 21, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. In this arrangement, a slot 22 is provided between the postage meter 20 and the base 21 at the forward edge thereof, for receiving envelopes or the like and the printing of postage thereon. The postage meter is provided with a display panel 23, preferably an electronic display device, as well as a control panel 24 which may be organized in a manner to be disclosed in the following paragraphs. The apparatus may be energized by way of a supply cable 25.
The postage meter 20 illustrated in FIG. 1 may be of the type that is removable from the base 21, and the base 21 may be of the type disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 2,934,009, Bach, et al, incorporating a mechanical drive for operation of the printing mechanism in the meter 20. The separability of the meter and base renders the electronic meter compatible with conventional driving units, simplifies servicing of the device and, if necessary, simplifies transport of the meter for recharging if remote charging capabilities are not employed.
The panel for the postage meter is clearly illustrated in FIG. 2, wherein it is seen that the meter is provided with a numeric display 30, for example, a conventional multiplexed seven-segment LED or LCD display. In addition, the keyboard is provided with numeric setting keys 31 and a decimal key 32 operative therewith, for setting the meter to print a desired amount of postage, the amount normally being displayed on the display 30. A clear key 33 may also be provided to clear the display amount in the event, for example, of an erroneous entry. When the displayed amount has been set to the desired value, depression of a set postage key 34 effects setting of the print wheels for setting postage
The panel may further be provided with a series of keys enabling the selective display of other values on the display 30. For example, depression of a key 35 may enable the display of the contents of an ascending register, i.e., the postage used by the meter, and depression of a key 36 may enable display of the contents of a descending register in the meter, i.e., the postage for which the meter is still charged. Further keys 37-40 may enable display in conventional manner of other specific specialized values as control or postage sum, piece count, batch value, and batch count, respectively. The batch value and batch count registers can be cleared by simultaneous depression of either batch value key or batch count key and the clear key C. The panel additionally preferably is provided with an LED 41 which will be lit upon each application of power to the meter, as is conventionally done at the beginning of a day, to indicate that the dater has not been set or that the dater door is open. A further LED display 42 may be provided and interconnected to be lit if necessary to reset the trip mechanism in the base before operation is to continue.
In order to provide recharging of the meter, for example, by way of the keyboard, the meter may be provided with a key slot 45 illustrated in FIG. 1, in which the key 46 of FIG. 2 may be inserted. The shaft of the lock may be visible through a window 47 to display the position of the key. Thus, in the normal setting of the key this shaft may display the message "operate" as illustrated. This arrangement may also be employed for remote meter resetting, as discussed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,097,923.
As a further feature, the meter may be provided with a service switch 50 at the rear thereof for the convenience of field service personnel enabling use of the keys of the meter for different function. Upon operation of the switch 50, a service mode is entered and the keys 35 through 40 may thereby enable the display of additional values such as the unlock value, the low postage warning amount, the meter number, diagnostic status, and the maximum settable amount. Turning the key 46 and hence the corresponding lock shaft to an "enter combination" position, as indicated in the window 47, when not in service mode and while entering a correct coded combination in the keyboard, enables the recharging mode of the meter to be effective. In the charging mode, which may be attained by means of an internal switch lock controlled by the key 46, an "enter amount" position as shown by this message at the window 47, may enable entry of recharging value registers of the meter by way of the keyboard. Returning the key to the operate position enables the resumption of the use of the meter for printing postage.
The service switch may be in an unsecured position in the meter, since the display of the additional values rendered possible by the use of this switch does not affect the security of the meter, and merely enables the display of further values. The fact that it is these values that are being displayed may be shown by distinctive underlining of the display, if desired, and the operation of the service switch 50 partially disables the set postage key 34. It will then not be possible to set a new value of postage in the postage meter when it is in the "service" mode and the interposer will act to block operation of the meter in the service mode. However, the set key may still be used to cause the display of the currently set value.
When the meter is in the service mode, i.e., with the switch 50 operated, and the switch 45 and key 46 activated, the entry into the keyboard of a new value and a code indicating the function of that value, will enable the resetting of the unlock value, low warning postage amount or maximum settable amount, respectively. The "unlock" value is a determined value, for example, one dollar, including and above which the operator should be careful in setting so as to avoid accidental printing of excessive amounts. For this purpose, all values including and above the unlock value require an additional step on the part of the operator, such as an additional depression of the set postage key 34. The display may be provided with a distinctive indication, for example, one horizontal bar, to indicate that the printing wheels have been set but the unlock step, i.e., the additional depression of the set postage key, has not been effected. The completion of the unlock step would be indicated by the display, for example, of three horizontal bars to indicate that the meter is enabled to be tripped, to print postage.
If the descending register does not contain sufficient funds to cover the set amount on the print wheels, the entire display may be caused to blink. On the other hand, if the value stored in the descending register is lower than the low postage warning limit, the decimal point may be caused to blink. The "maximum settable" amount, of course, cannot be exceeded in the setting of any postage.
The meter may also be provided with a "privileged" switch 51 that is normally held in the operate position by a seal. The operation of this switch, following the cutting of the seal, enables the recharging of the meter by post office personnel in a nonremote charging mode.
In addition, the meter is provided with one or more arithmetic function keys 52, enabling a variation of the postage setting amount, such as the addition of further values to the already displayed setting value prior to the depression of the set switch 34. This feature enables the introduction by the operator of further values, such as insurance or the like, without the necessity for manual calculation or calculation on a separate device.
The internal components of the postage meter in accordance with the invention are preferably oriented as illustrated in FIG. 3, and include a first compartment 55 that is physically secure, i.e., as secure as is reasonably possible to avoid tampering with internal components thereof. While it may not be possible to provide 100% security in this regard, physical evidence of tampering will be evident in any event before entry can be gained. The compartment 55 encloses the printing module 56, which may include a mechanical printing assembly, and if desired, a separate microcomputer for controlling this module.
The compartment 55 also encloses a further compartment 57, which is preferably electromagnetically shielded, and encloses an accounting module 58. The accounting module is connected to external devices, i.e., external of the compartment 57, only by optical or similar isolation couplers 59 as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 918,785 filed June 26, 1978, and now abandoned in order to avoid damage thereto, either accidental or intentional, resulting from introduction of noise, for example, excess voltages into the accounting module. Such coupling is, of course, not provided for the energy source thereof, which extends to a power supply 60 in a separate compartment 61 also within the secure compartment 55. The power supply 60 is energized by way of a filter 62 within the compartment 61, to insure the absence of any voltage variations that would adversely affect the accounting module, the power input to the compartment 61 being directed into the compartment 55 from a power supply system in a further compartment 63 that is preferably defined by the outer secure housing of the compartment 55. Thus, while it is not absolutely necessary for all the elements within the compartment 63 to be physically secure, this feature is preferred.
The power from the mains plug 64 is fed into the compartment 63, from where it may be fed by way of a suitable connection 65 to power the meter base. The power for the meter may be fused in the compartment 63, by means of a fuse 66, applied from the fuse to a thermostat 67 and thence to a transient suppressor and filter 68. The thermostat inhibits application of voltage to the unit in the event of excess temperatures. Further protection for the system is provided by means of an isolation transformer 69 and an over voltage cut-out device 70. The power for the meter is finally applied to an energy storage device 71, such as a large valued capacitor 71, the capacitor 71 having adequate energy storage to enable the self-protection features of the meter to operate, such as to transfer data to a nonvolatile memory, in the event of a power failure. The reduction of voltage may be sensed by a sensor 72 in the secure housing 55, with one output of the sensor being directed to the accounting module for signaling the necessity of a mode change, and another output (which can be mechanical) for inhibiting further printing module functions.
A further output of the isolation transformer 69 may be fed externally of the meter to a control unit 75, and one of the isolated outputs of the accounting module may be directed through the chamber 63 also to the control unit. The control unit 75 may thus constitute a keyboard control unit such as illustrated in FIG. 2, including the key switches, displays, etc., necessary for local operation of the device. It is thus apparent that the system of FIG. 3 orients the elements of the postal meter so that elements which are less critical to the security of the postal meter system are provided with successively lower levels of physical and electrical security.
A preferred embodiment of a control unit 75 is illustrated in FIG. 4. This unit, for versatility in design, as well as for minimizing the noncritical elements that must be isolated in the physically secure housing, preferably incorporates a central processing unit 80, for example, of the 6500 series, and connected by way of conventional data lines, control lines and address lines to a multipurpose conventional RAM/ROM I/O timer circuit 81 incorporating read-only memories, random access memories, timing control elements and input/output interface hardware. By the use of suitable decoders 82, the keyboard 83 may thereby be scanned in the conventional fashion, and by the use of suitable drivers 84 the visual display 85 may be energized, preferably in a multiplexing mode according to conventional practice. The data relating to the depression of any of the keys of the panel may thereby be communicated to the processing unit 80, for the development of a serial input/output on the lines 86 for communication with the accounting module 58 within the secure housing 55. The processor 80 and circuit 81 are responsive to the requirement for operator interventions to recock the trigger mechanism in the base, and the failure to open or close the dater door 28 (FIG. 1) following application of power to the unit, to energize selectively an indicator LED 87 corresponding to the indicators 42 and 41, respectively, of FIG. 2. The service switch 50 may also be connected to the circuit 81. If further input/output devices are coupled to the control unit, such as external display devices or control systems, these may be coupled to the unit by way of further input/output lines 88, preferably serial communication paths which may be suitably isolated by opto isolators. The unit may comprise an internal power supply and regulator 89 connected to receive power from the postage meter low voltage power as shown in FIG. 3.
The above-discussed functions under the control of the control unit are thus functions which are not critical in the sense that loss of control or the contents of any register therein will not result in loss to the post office department, or to the user, of funds. These functions have been relegated to the control unit in order that the secure portions of the postal meter include only that programming of the system which must be secure. Additional functions that may be effected by the control unit, such as the addition of sequentially entered amounts may also be controlled by the program of the control unit, since such calculations are not critical to the security of the apparatus, and need not be effected within the physically secure portions of the postal meter. Similarly, the service resettable functions may be effected by the programming in the control unit, since these functions also are not critical to the accounting system and registers themselves. However, to retain these parameters in nonvolatile memory, retention in the accounting unit is desirable.
It will, of course, be apparent that, in a system such as shown in FIG. 4, further arithmetic keys may be provided, without great difficulty, such that the postage meter may be alternately employed also as a calculator.
Alternatively, the central processing unit and its control circuit may be augmented by a calculator chip or the like, connected to the keyboard and display for performing arithmetic functions.
While the control unit of FIG. 4, including all of the functions of the panel shown in FIG. 2 is preferably disposed directly on the postage meter to form a part thereof, it will be apparent that this portion of this system may be physically separate therefrom, or separable therefrom, whereby the postage meter itself may incorporate only the elements that are required to be physically secure.
Since monetary information and control is prevalent in the serial communication employed in the system, a high degree of integrity is mandatory. For this purpose, the system is designed, in the serial transmission communication sections, such that a transmitted bit is returned or "echoed" by the receiver thereof for checking purposes. If the transmitter thereby receives all of the echoed signals satisfactorily, it may issue a "no error" pulse, thereby informing the receiver of the information that the received information is valid.
The circuit arrangement of the accounting compartment is shown in somewhat greater detail in FIG. 5, wherein the walls 90 of the compartment are illustrated as preferably forming an electromagnetic shield. The circuits include an accounting microcomputer 91 having a nonvolatile memory control 92 coupled thereto. The nonvolatile memory control controls the application of stored data between a volatile memory, which may form a part of the accounting microcomputer 91 and a nonvolatile memory 93. The volatile memories, such as random access memories, may function as working ascending registers, working descending registers, and the like. The accounting microcomputer also includes read-only memory control for the necessary accounting routines, as well as control routines. This unit may, in addition, incorporate serial interfaces, to enable its interfacing with the printing and control modules. The microcomputer may, for example, comprise the 8048 series microcomputer for Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, Calif., with a control circuit in a manner similar to that described above with respect to the control unit 75. In order to avoid damage to the accounting module by electric surges applied accidentally or intentionally, and to eliminate electrical noise induced via groundloops, the accounting microcomputer communicates with the devices external of the compartment 57 by suitable isolates that are not capable of applying voltage surges to the microcomputer. These isolators may, for example, be in the form of opto-electronic couplers, are also preferably arranged so as to be inaccessible from the exterior of the postal meter. One isolator unit 94 may be provided for the two-way communication path with the control unit. A further isolator arrangement 95 may be provided for the two-way communication with the printer unit, i.e., the printing module 56 of FIG. 3, in particular, the microprocessor circuit thereof. A still further isolator 96 may be provided for applying the power sensing signals to the microcomputer 91. In addition, an isolator 97 may be provided for controlling an interposer (not shown) in the printing module, for example, for mechanically blocking functions of the printer. Such a system is disclosed, for example, in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 024,812 filed Mar. 28, 1979 by R. McFiggans and A. Eckert, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention, the disclosure of which is specifically incorporated herein by reference.
The nonvolatile memory 93, at the present state of the art, is preferably in the form of an MNOS memory, which does not require a back-up power source. This memory may, however, alternatively be formed of elements which do require a power back-up, in which case a power control circuit may be employed to apply back-up power thereto external from the compartment 57. The purpose of the power control circuit 98 is to provide power to the MNOS memory for the purpose of effecting its data transfer operation, essentially during power up and power down. The program of the microcomputing unit 91 is organized to enter the contents of the registers of the computer units into the nonvolatile memory as soon as any indication of failure of the power supply occurs, and to restore this data to the working registers upon restoration of the power.
The thermostat 67 in FIG. 3 cuts off power to the meter in the event of high or low temperature operation. This automatically places the meter in its power down cycle, as a result of the power cut-off.
The compartment 57 may further comprise a temperature sensor 99, with suitable circuits (not shown) coupled thereto, such as to the microcomputer, for transferring data to the nonvolatile memory in the event of excess temperatures. The system may further be operative to prevent the operation of the interposer solenoid by way of the isolator 97, in the event of excess temperatures. It will be appreciated that the interposer is controlled by the microcomputer 91 also to inhibit operation of the printer in the event that insufficient postage remains for a printing operation, or other accounting data indicates that the unit should not be operative.
While the insolators have been indicated as individual units, it is, of course, apparent that these units may incorporate multiple devices, so that two-way communication is established in the respective circuits. It is further noted that systems for the transfer of data between volatile and nonvolatile memories are well known, and are disclosed, for example, in copending application Ser. No. 889,627 filed Mar. 24, 1978 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,224,506.
Referring now to FIG. 6, therein is illustrated in greater detail a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of a control unit in accordance with the invention. In this figure the blocks have been identified by part numbers and terminals where applicable. This unit is illustrated as incorporating a type 6503 CPU 100 having its data and address lines coupled to RAM/ROM I/O timer circuit 101 as well as to a type 2716 PROM 102, the PROM 102 having stored therein the program for the control unit. Control lines, such as the interrupt line and read/write line may also be connected to the circuit 101. The circuit 101 has a plurality of ports, as will be discussed.
The control unit further incorporates the keyboard 103 including the numeric keys 31, the display keys 35-40, and the three-position switch 45 shown in FIG. 1. This unit also includes the add-through key 52 and the set postage key 34. All of these keys and switches are connected in a matrix to the circuit 101, in conventional manner, to permit the scanning of the keys and switches in accordance with the program, to detect a key or switch closure. The eight-line port A, as well as four lines of port B of the circuit 101, are also connected to the seven-segment display panel 104 for multiplexed display in the conventional manner. The circuit 101 is further connected by a pair of serial ports for connection to and from the accounting unit. In addition, a pair of further serial ports enable communication to and from external devices, by way of opto-electric isolators 107 and 108, respectively. Another output port of the adaptor is connected to LED 109 for indicating on the display panel that the dater door has not been closed. A further output port is connected to an LED 110 on the display panel for indicating that the operator's intervention is required to recock the trigger mechanism on the base. Finally, another port is coupled to the service switch 50, to enable the functions of the postal meter in the service mode.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the program of the control unit is directed to servicing of the keyboard unit, display panel, etc., so that the control functions and storage of data are effected primarily in the accounting unit. The program thereby includes those functions necessary for the scanning of the keyboard, multiplexing of the display, formatting of signals for communication with the other units, and with external devices, etc., so that any new information may be passed on to the accounting unit.
A typical opto-electric isolator is shown in FIG. 7, this constituting primarily a conventional 6N136 device 115 including a solid state emitter for producing optical signals for reception by a photodiode, the photodiode being connected in the base circuit of a transistor amplifier.
A block diagram of a preferred example of the accounting unit is illustrated in FIG. 8, wherein a type 8039 CPU 120 is shown to communicate to the control unit by way of opto-electric isolators 121 and 122, and to communicate serially with the printer unit by way of opto-electric isolators 123 and 124. The opto-electric isolators 121 and 122 within the accounting unit thus may be connected directly to the corresponding leads of the control unit. The isolators 123 and 124 may be connected directly to the printer unit signal channels, since no further isolation devices are necessary for this purpose. In addition, a control opto-electric isolator 125, for controlling an interposer or the like in the printing unit may be connected to a further port of the CPU 120. Signals corresponding to a pending power failure are further fed to the interrupt port of the CPU 120, by way of opto-electric isolator 126. It is thus apparent that all signal and control to and from the accounting unit must be directed by way of opto-electric isolators, in order to insure the electrical and physical integrity of this unit. The accounting unit further includes a plurality of PROMs 127 coupled to the address and data lines of the CPU 120, each PROM 127 for example, being a E-PROM type 8755. This unit is connected to an electrically alterable read-only memory (EAROM) 128, for example, a type ER 3400, serving as a nonvolatile memory to store data at times during which the power supply to the postage meter has failed, or has been intentionally disconnected. The working memory for the accounting system, including the registers for storing all operational data, are provided in the CPU 120, this data being transferred to the electrically alterable ROM 128 at such time that a reduction of power is sensed. In order to insure the complete transfer of data, storage capacitors may be connected in conventional manner to store adequate power to insure the proper functioning of the circuit until the transfer of data has been effected.
A preferred example of the circuit of the printing unit is illustrated in FIG. 9, this circuit consisting primarily of the CPU 130, for example, a type 8748-8, the CPU being connected by way of suitable buffers where necessary, to the I/O devices within the printing unit itself. The mechanical and optoelectric sensing systems in the printing unit are conventional and may be generally of the type disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,050,374 aforementioned copending application Ser. No. 024,812, the disclosures of which are specifically incorporated herein by reference. Thus, the CPU is connected to a plurality of opto-electric sensors (not shown) for sensing of the positioning of the print wheels, these lines also being connected to enable the sensing of the privileged access switch 51 of FIG. 2, The privileged access switch 51 is located within the printing unit and is accessible only by way of a door sealed by the post office. These lines of the CPU are further connected to sense the position of the dater door, the dater door switch and privileged access switch being strobed by way of a further output of the CPU 130. The LEDs for the optical sensors are strobed at the proper times by way of another output of the CPU 130, and still further outputs of the CPU enable the stepping of the bank and digit stepping motors for the print wheels. In addition, the CPU 130 has a pair of ports for serially communicating to and from the accounting unit. Further, the interposer output from the accounting unit, and another output of the CPU 130 control a pair of transistors 131 for energizing the interposer solenoid, whereby the interposer solenoid 153 is not energized until all the preconditions are met both in the accounting unit and the printing unit. As a result, a printing cycle cannot commence unless the physical and electrical conditions in the meter are correct for normal printing. In the printing unit, it is therefore evident that the program is provided within the CPU itself.
Postal meters of the above-described form may be provided with several modifications. For example, in one modification, a remote charging feature is available whereby the key is provided for operation of the three-position charging switch on the keyboard. The operator of the unit may thus be provided with suitable combination for entry into the keyboard, to enable remote charging (i.e, away from the post office). In such units the privileged access switch is omitted.
In a further modification, the three-position recharging switch on the keyboard may be controlled by a simple knob, without the necessity of a key. In this type of a system, the meter may be manually recharged at the post office, but the service functions may be effected locally in a manner similar to that of remote recharging system type units.
In other words, recharging of a postal meter of the above type can be effected locally, if devices are provided with a key for the three-position switch, in which event further security is required as will be discussed later. On the other hand, in postal meters having a simple knob switch instead of the key switch, the "privileged access", sealed at the post office, is provided for manual recharging.
In the normal mode of operation of the system, as above discussed, the six display keys, when depressed, effect the display on the display panel of the six parameters above noted, i.e., the total in the ascending register of all postage that has been printed, the total remaining in the descending register of postage available, the control sum, the total number of printing operations of the meter, the value of postage printed and the number of pieces that have been printed since the last batch clear operation of the associated registers. The depression of these keys results only in the number of concern being displayed for a timed period after the key is released, for example, two seconds following which the display will return to the postage setting.
In either type of meter, if the service switch is placed in the service position, with the three-position switch still in the operation position, the display function of the display keys will be different. Thus, depression of the "postate used" key 35 will now result in a display of the current value set in the dollar unlock register in the machine, at or above which an operator cannot print postage. Postage values above this value require an additional depression of the set postage key for operation, in order to avoid accidental printing of excessive postage values. Depression of the "postage unused" key 36 will now result in a display of the value in the low postage warning register at which a warning should be given that the contents of the descending register are below a determined amount. Depression of the control or "postage sum" key 37, will now result in the display of the serial number of the postal meter. Depression of the "piece count" key 38 will now result in a display of the diagnostic status of the meter. This display provides an indication of the serviceman of possible misfunctions. A depression of the "batch value" key 39 will now result in a display of the maximum settable amount, i.e, the maximum amount set internally within the meter, above which the meter cannot set the print registers. Depression of the "batch count" key 40 will have no effect in the service mode.
The three-position switch is used to effect recharging of the meter or to effect the change of values in the registers concerned with dollar unlock value, the low postage warning amount and the maximum settable amount.
With the Remote Meter Resetting System feature, positioning the three-position switch in either the "enter combination" or "enter amount" positions enables the customer to enter combination or amount respectively into the meter via the keyboard with indication on the display. Leaving the position enters the display value into the accounting unit and blanks the display for the next entry. Return of the three-position switch to the operate position will cause the accounting unit to complete the recharging routine and return the meter to normal usage with the recharging amount added to the postage unused register. The combination for the remote recharging feature is obtained from a remote recharging data center and is a random or pseudorandom number which changes with each recharging for security reasons.
For meters with the Manual Meter Resetting System feature, the recharging mode is effected by breaking the seal of the privileged access door, and flipping of the privileged access switch. The same sequence of operations of the three-position switch described above for recharging the meter are followed as in those meters having the remote charging feature. In the Manual Meter Resetting System machine only post office personnel are permitted to effect the change. The combination is a fixed number known only to the post office and is stored within the meter. Normal operation of the meter may proceed once the privileged access which has been returned to its operate position.
To change values in the registers concerned with dollar unlock value, the low postage warning amount and the maximum settable amount the serviceman would place the meter in the service mode by placing the service switch in the service position. The three-position switch is used as described above for the entry of combination and amount values. The meter will interpret the combination value to indicate which register is to be changed.
For the remote recharging system meter and the manual recharging system meter if an error has been made in entry, the occurrence of this error will be counted, as constituting evidence of tampering with the machine. When a determined number of such errors have been made, for example, 9, since the last recharging of the meter, then the function of the machine in recharging postage will be inhibited. The return of the meter to operating status in such circumstances may be effected at the post office. A discussion of the means to return the meter to full operating status is not of consequence to the present invention and relates to the security of the meter.
As above discussed, each of the three units of the postal meter has a microprocessor with a read-only memory defining a given program, and the communication between the units is effected serially and asynchronously. This is achieved in the first place by providing each of the computer systems with a crystal controlled clock. Further, the signals are defined such that the transitions thereof are closely controlled, whereby it is insured that, if a signal is present, it must be present within a given time period. As a still further insurance of the correctness of communication, the bits of a signal are returned to a transmitter as soon as they are received, for error checking at the transmitter, whereby a "no error" bit may be transmitted immediately following a data message if the data has followed correctly.
The program of the control unit responds to the status of the postal meter with respect to determined parameters. A register in the microprocessor of the accounting unit holds meter status information, for example, of two bytes, the bits of which digitally indicate if the meter trip mechanism requires recocking, if the dater door has not been opened following the last application of power or is presently open, if there are insufficient funds to allow printing of the amount set in the print wheels, if the low postage value has been reached, if the meter is in a service mode, if the meter is enabled, if the batch registers are clear, if a trip has been completed, or if various types of errors have occurred. The status message associated with these bits is not the same as the diagnostic message noted above that is employed in the service mode. The accounting unit keeps the control unit informed of the current status by transmitting status message to the control unit after power has been turned on and, thereafter, whenever a change in status occurs, the control unit responds to all such messages by insuring that the display on the meter is consistent with the status message as above discussed. These later steps may include, for example, the display of a row of decimals in the event of certain errors, the flashing of the decimal point in the event of low postage funds, the flashing of the entire display in the event of insufficient postage, the displaying of underscores in the place of blanks if the meter is in the service mode.
An interrupt program in the control unit interrupts the main program of the control unit at regular intervals in order to scan the keyboard and keyswitch, and to drive the display. In order to prevent the display of spurious characters which can be produced by sneak currents when more than one key is pressed, the interrupt program will cause the display to go blank instead. Such values as relate to time, keyboard, and keyswitch are maintained by the interrupt program for use by the main controller program.
The main program for the control unit includes the initializing steps, program steps for the transfer of messages back and forth between the accounting unit and external devices, and control of the timed display, the checking of the status message to insure that dater door and reset base lights are lit in accordance with the status, responding to the reported positions of keys, and three-position switch to ascertain changes of state therein so that the control unit subroutine which corresponds to the function defined for such a state or change of state will be executed.
The program of the accounting unit includes initializing procedures to insure that the working registers are brought up to date, and that no postage has been printed that has not been accounted for, as well as a power down processing program to effect the transfer of data to the nonvolatile (electrically alterable) memory in the event that the power is shut down or is failing.
The main program of the accounting unit effects the transmission of the meter status message to the control unit upon request or change in status, determines the effect of any currently entered postage value on the funding data currently registered and makes any necessary variations in the status message. The main program also controls the timing in the accounting unit for receiving messages from the control unit and the printer. The accounting unit program further includes subroutines for processing of signals in the bringing of the registers up to date when postage is to be printed, and for controlling the operation of the system when the meter is tripped. A further subroutine controls the bringing of the meter status message up to date. In addition an error checking routine which involves cyclical redundancy checking is programmed in the accounting unit software. This will be described in further detail below.
The program of the printer unit includes a main program having initializing steps, steps for scanning the sensors and controlling the strobes for the LEDs of the sensors, and the processing of messages for communication with the accounting system. Subroutines are provided for the setting of the postage wheels, to determine if sensor readings are proper, and to determine if any changes have been made in the outputs of the various hardware sensors and switches such as the privileged access and the dater door switch.
Considering in greater detail the addition of a calculator function to a postage meter, it is evident that this feature enables other charges, such as insurance, to be added to a base postage without the necessity for external calculation, so that the postage may be set in the print wheels simply by pressing the set key.
The result is not simply the combination of a calculator in the same case as a postage meter, since the keyboard and display are shared both by the "calculator" and the postage meter, as well as since the alternate functions of the elements must be coordinated with each other. Thus, the use of the display for some of the postal meter functions inhibits use of the calculator functions of the equipment, since such operation would be meaningless in the functioning of the device. In addition, the response of the postal machine to a depression of the key is dependent upon the origin of the data presented in the display. The arithmetic function must be operative with respect to data entered by way of the numeric keys 31 (and decimal key 32) or a postage setting display and hence depression of the key may either clear displays entered due to depression of other keys 35-40, or may be rendered inoperative, as in the case of operation of the key switch.
The system in accordance with the invention thereby requires a postage meter, a calculator input device, such as a keyboard, a calculator output device such as a display, and a control device which may, in accordance with the invention, be operating according to a given routine or program. The calculator input device, i.e., keyboard may be the sole input to the postage meter for the purpose of setting the print wheels thereof.
In a discussion of a program which may be employed, in accordance with the invention, it is to be understood that initialization of the system must automatically occur upon energizing of the system. In the following portions of the main program, it is further to be understood that the steps indicated are interrupted at periodic intervals, during which the interrupt program of the microcomputer in the control unit maintains timers and scans the keyboard and key switch, maintains the display, and assigns values to various variables and flags.
The program includes the following variables and flags:
1. KEYVAR, a variable indicating whether a new keyboard key has been pressed, and if so, which one.
2. BCDOWN, a flag indicating that both the meter batch total key and the clear key were pressed at the same time.
3. KEYMOD, a flag indicating that the first of a series of numeric keystrokes has been entered into the display.
4. SETBLD, a flag indicating that the value in the display was settable, i.e., produced in such a manner that the meter could be set to it. Error displays, for instance, are not settable.
5. SETNGD, a flag indicating that the value to which the postage meter print wheels are set is on display.
6. TIMEDD, a flag indicating that a temporary timed display is being made.
7. AROPRD, a flag indicating that a display is of such a nature as to be arithmetically operable upon.
8. RESSAV, a flag indicating that a series of arithmetic operations is underway and that an intermediate result is saved in an internal register.
9. PENDOP, a variable describing a pending arithmetic operation or the fact that no such operation is pending.
These flags and variables may be generated as a result of interrupt level and mainline level program steps, for example, in the microcomputer.
FIG. 10 illustrates the test in the program for the occurrence of the BCDOWN signal. The flag BCDOWN controls a postage meter function, i.e., the clearing of the batch count total register. However, it also controls the clearing of the RESSAV flag, which in turn controls calculator functions that occur when the clear key or arithmetic function key are pressed.
The main postage meter control program uses the TIMEDD flag to control the termination of timed displays which may be the result of either postage meter operations or calculator operations; i.e., error messages from either source, or the display of the postage meter's batch count total register among others.
The response of the program to the test for the TIMEDD flag is illustrated in FIG. 11.
In addition to controlling the display of the setting of the postage meter the flag TIMEDD suppresses calculator functions that are attempted when the arithmetic function key is pressed.
The main postage meter control programs use the variable KEYVAR in such a way as to allow the microprocessor to execute functions which control both the postage meter and the calculator, as shown in FIG. 12.
It will be apparent that the portion of the program illustrated in FIG. 12 has been simplified for the purpose of illustration, whereby the tests for the depression of the various keys may, in fact, be more complex, although in accordance with conventional testing procedures. As indicated, the program proceeds in accordance with FIGS. 13-18 in dependence upon whether a clear key, numeric key, the decimal key, the arithmetic key, the set key or the batch count total key, respectively, have been depressed. Following the execution of the steps of one of the FIGS. 13-18, the main program of the postage meter system is continued in normal fashion.
While the illustrated steps are self-explanatory, it will be noted, with respect to FIG. 13, that if a series of calculations have resulted in a saved intermediate result (the test on RESSAV), and a numeric value has been entered but not operated on (the test for AROPRD), and the clear key is then pressed, the intermediate result will be displayed. This intermediate result may either be cleared by a further depression of the clear key, or operated on by the depression of the arithmetic key followed by entry of the value to be added.
In the system in accordance with the invention, following setting of the print wheels of the printing mechanism, and the subsequent printing cycle to print the displayed postage setting value, the postage setting value will be retained in the print wheels and will continue to be shown in the display. As a consequence, postage values for the same amount may be printed on any desired number of envelopes or the like, without further steps being taken to restore the value by the use of the keyboard. Further, when the display keys 35-40 have been depressed for the momentary or timed display of the values stored in determined registers in the postal meter, the display will revert to the former postage set value, to which the postage wheels in the printing unit are already set. If, now, the function key 52 is depressed, a value may be added to the postage setting value in the print wheels. It is therefore apparent that the adding function is effective with respect to the postage set value in the meter, as well as to values just previously inserted into the keyboard. If, however, the function key 52 had been depressed during the display of the functions represented by the keys 35-40, the entire display would be cleared. As a consequence, it is apparent that the add key 52 serves other functions than those of similar keys in calculators and known postage determining systems. If the display is clear, a depression of the set postage key 34 will cause the setting of the print wheels to be displayed. It should be noted that depression of the set key will cause any pending arithmetic operation to be completed, and the resulting value will be set into the printing elements. Thus, depression of the set key at the end of one or more arithmetic computations obviates the necessity of a final depression of the key 52.
A complete flow chart of the software functions of the accounting, control and printing units is shown in greater detail in copending application Ser. No. 89,413, filed Oct. 30, 1979 and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. In addition, a complete printout of the programs actually contained within the permanent memory of each microprocessor in each of the accounting, control and printing units, respectively is disclosed therein. That disclosure is specifically incorporated by reference in this application.
Variations and modifications in the different functions performed by the operation of the apparatus of the present invention can be effected in accordance with changes in the various programs previously set in memory.
It is known and understood that the terms postage meter and postal meter, as used herein, refer to the general definition of a device for the imprinting of a defined unit value for govenmental or private carrier parcel, envelope or package delivery, or other like application for unit value printing. Thus, although the term postal meter is utilized, it is both known and employed in the trade as a general term for devices utilized in conjunction with services other than those exclusively employed by governmental postal services. For example, private parcel or freight services purchase and employ postal meters as a means to provide unit value pricing for individual parcels, including accounting and printing functions.
The present invention is particularly directed to use in a postal meter which will employ varying features and functions, described in differing aspects, in any one or more of the following groups of copending patent applications, including this one, all filed concurrently: Ser. No. 89,425 to Eckert, et al, for "POSTAGE METER HAVING FIELD RESETTABLE CONTROL VALUES"; Ser. No. 89,426 to Eckert, et al, for "ELECTRONIC POSTAGE METER HAVING KEYBOARD ENTERED COMBINATION FOR RECHARGING"; Ser. No. 89,422 to Eckert, et al, for "ELECTRONIC POSTAGE METER HAVING CHECK DATE WARNING"; Ser. No. 89,427 to Eckert, et al, for "ELECTRONIC POSTAGE METER HAVING RESET BASE WARNING"; Ser. No. 89,434 to Muller for "ELECTRONIC POSTAGE METER OPERATING VOLTAGE VARIATION SENSING SYSTEM"; Ser. No. 89,412 to Eckert, et al, for "PRINT CONTROL SYSTEM"; Ser. No. 89,413 to Soderberg, et al, for "ELECTRONIC POSTAGE METER HAVING PLURAL COMPUTING SYSTEMS"; Ser. No. 89,411 to Eckert, et al, for "INTERPOSER CONTROL FOR ELECTRONIC POSTAGE METER".
While this invention has been disclosed and described with reference to a simple embodiment thereof, it will be apparent that variations and modifications may be made therein, and it is intended in the following claims to cover each such variation and modification as falls within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 27, 1976
|Oct 4, 1977
|Triner Scale And Manufacturing Company
|Electronic postage scale
|Apr 16, 1975
|Jun 27, 1978
|Pitney-Bowes, Inc.
|Remote postage meter charging system using an advanced microcomputerized postage meter
|Jul 18, 1977
|Feb 13, 1979
|Triner Scale And Manufacturing Company
|Electronic postage scale
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 14, 1981
|Jul 12, 1983
|Pitney Bowes Inc.
|Electronic parcel register
|Jul 31, 1980
|Jul 12, 1983
|Colt Industries Operating Corp.
|Modular electronic measuring and printing unit
|Sep 29, 1981
|Sep 18, 1984
|Pitney Bowes Inc.
|Power supply system
|Dec 24, 1981
|Nov 6, 1984
|Pitney Bowes Inc.
|Apparatus for providing interchangeable keyboard functions
|Jul 6, 1981
|Nov 6, 1984
|Roneo Alcatel Limited
|Postal meter using microcomputer scanning of encoding switches for simultaneous setting of electronic accounting & mechanical printing systems
|Jan 13, 1986
|Jan 27, 1987
|Bell & Howell Company
|Insertion machine with postage categorization and selective merchandising
|Mar 23, 1989
|Oct 15, 1991
|F.M.E. Corporation
|Emergency post office setting for remote setting meter
|Jul 19, 1991
|Jan 5, 1993
|Bell & Howell Phillipsburg Co.
|Insertion machine with postage categorization and selective merchandising
|Oct 15, 1991
|Nov 29, 1994
|F.M.E. Corporation
|Remote meter operation
|Oct 4, 1994
|Mar 18, 1997
|F.M.E. Corporation
|Remote meter operation
|Apr 7, 1995
|Dec 23, 1997
|Pitney Bowes Inc.
|Setting by phone for counter resettable postage meters
|May 28, 2002
|May 22, 2003
|Peter Heimann
|Control of franking machine from office programs
|Sep 20, 1982
|Apr 6, 1983
|Pitney Bowes Inc.
|Postage meters and power supply systems therefor
|Dec 8, 1983
|Jun 20, 1984
|Pitney Bowes Inc.
|Apparatus and methods for controlling firmware branch points in an electronic postage meter
|Dec 8, 1983
|Jun 20, 1984
|Pitney Bowes Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for modifying a firmware variable in an electronic postage meter
|Jul 18, 1984
|Jan 23, 1985
|Pitney Bowes Inc.
|Method and apparatus for customizing firmware of a postage meter and a postage meter having firmware so customized
|Jul 30, 1981
|Feb 18, 1982
|A Douglas
|Modular electronic measuring and printing unit
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Strong Medicine 2000 | TV Show Watchlist
Season 4, Episode 17 Seize the Day
First Aired: December 14, 2003
Andy is in danger of having a blue Christmas when her daughters decide to spend the holiday on the other side of the country with their dad. Boosting her spirits is a friendly competition she has going with Lu over whose patient will come out on top in an all-state spelling bee. In other developments, a schizophrenic mother fights to retain custody of her epileptic daughter; Nick goes out of his way to make a Joe Doe feel less lonesome; and Lana enlists the assistance of Peter to do a bit of matchmaking.
Guest Cast
Juliet Landau Juliet Landau Lorraine
Cast & Details See all »
- Premiered: July 23, 2000
- Rating: None
- Premise: Two headstrong MDs---privileged Dana Stowe and tough Lu Delgado---reluctantly join forces running a women's clinic at Philadelphia's Rittenhouse Hospital. Patricia Richardson scrubbed in for the departing Janine Turner in midseason 2002. Richardson's Dr. A… (more)
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By Sony Pictures Home EntertainmentBuy New: $17.99
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text: Dylan Farrow's Brother: "Of Course Woody Did Not Molest My Sister"Lacey Donohue2/05/14 12:39pmFiled to: Woody AllenDylan FarrowMoses FarrowPeople MagazineMia FarrowSoon-yi Previn1.1K9EditInvite manuallyPromoteDismissUndismissHideShare to KinjaToggle Conversation toolsGo to permalink Moses Farrow, Mia Farrow's estranged son and older brother to Dylan, does not believe his father Woody Allen sexually abused his sister. In an interview with People on Wednesday, Moses blames his mother for "poisoning" the children against their father. "My mother drummed it into me to hate my father for tearing apart the family and sexually molesting my sister," Moses, 36, told the magazine. "And I hated him for her for years. I see now that this was a vengeful way to pay him back for falling in love with Soon-Yi." Moses, a family therapist who remains close to Allen and Soon-Yi, then describes his own memory of the day of the alleged molestation: Of course Woody did not molest my sister. She loved him and looked forward to seeing him when he would visit. She never hid from him until our mother succeeded in creating the atmosphere of fear and hate towards him. The day in question, there were six or seven of us in the house. We were all in public rooms and no one, not my father or sister, was off in any private spaces. My mother was conveniently out shopping. I don't know if my sister really believes she was molested or is trying to please her mother. Pleasing my mother was very powerful motivation because to be on her wrong side was horrible. Moses, who also accuses Farrow of physically abusing him, believes his father is not a creep and that his sister is suffering from delusion: "It's important that she assert her independence from our mother and not go through life with the false impression that she has been molested by my father." Dylan, in response to the interview, insists she is telling the truth and claims her brother's statements are "such a betrayal to me and my whole family." Sponsored "My memories are the truth and they are mine and I will live with that for the rest of my life," she told People. She also denies that her mother coached her, noting that Farrow initially didn't believe the alleged abuse occurred: My mother never coached me. She never planted false memories in my brain. My memories are mine. I remember them. She was distraught when I told her. When I came forward with my story she was hoping against hope that I had made it up. In one of the most heartbreaking conversations I have ever had, she sat me down and asked me if I was telling the truth. She said that Dad said he didn't do anything, and I said, 'He's lying.' She also dismisses her brother's allegations of physical abuse. Farrow did not respond to Moses' allegations. However, Allen's sister, Letty Aronson, did respond, saying that Allen "feels very badly for Dylan, that she has been so poisoned by her mother." [Image via AP] Advertisement Reply1094 repliesLeave a reply


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The proliferation of digital channels opens up new opportunities for businesses that want to deepen relationships with existing clients and attract new customers. Social media platforms and the widespread use of mobile devices provide an affordable way to push out a steady stream of content to always-connected consumers and generate new business. However, many companies that are making the change from print-centric communication to digital content are finding that the transition isn't simple. The processes that are in place for creating, approving, publishing, distributing and tracking print-centric content don't scale when faced with omni-channel digital content.
Feb 07, 2003
The Center for e-Service at the University of Maryland's Robert H. Smith School of Business and Rockbridge Associates, Inc. co-sponsored the recently released 2002 National Technology Readiness Survey (NTRS). The survey, conducted in December 2002, found that employees with Web access at both the office and at home, spend an average of 3.7 hours per week engaged in personal online activities while on the job, but they spend more time--an average of 5.9 hours per week--using the Internet at home, for work-related purposes. 85% of survey participants with online Web access at work admitted using the Internet on the job for personal purposes. The survey found that workers who do not have Internet access at home spend more time doing personal Web business at work-- an average of 6.5 hours per week compared to the 3.7 hours per week spent online by those who do have home access. Charles Colby, president of Rockbridge Associates, Inc. predicts that the amount of personal Internet use at work will decrease as high-speed Internet access becomes more common in homes. Other findings include: 18% of adult Internet users conducted a transaction on a federal government Web site during the previous 12 months, up from the 11% reported in 2001; 22% of adult Internet users checked account information with a telephone, gas, or electric company, up from 13% in 2001; 20% of adult Internet users paid a credit card bill online, up from 15% in 2001; and 23% of adult Internet users paid a bill, other than a credit card, online, up from 16% in 2001. The 2002 National Technology Readiness Survey results, including detailed tables, can be viewed online at www.rhsmith.umd.edu/ntrs2002.


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Diamond-Hardfaced WC/Co-Cr Nanocomposites for Extended Service Life of Pump Bearings in Geothermal Wells
Award Information
Small Business Information
Diamond Materials Inc.
120 Centennial Avenue, Piscataway, NJ, 08854
Principal Investigator:
Oleg Voronov
(732) 885-0805
(732) 885-0805
Business Contact:
Oleg Voronov
(732) 885-0805
(732) 885-0805
Research Institution:
AbstractRenewable energy sources include electrical generators driven by steam from geothermal wells. To exploit this resource, submersible pumps with extended service lives are required to improve the economics of today¿s geothermal systems. A major problem is corrosive wear experienced by the pump bearings, when the lubricating brine becomes contaminated with fine sand particles. Typically, the bearings are hardfaced with WC/Co-Cr, which can resist degradation only when no sand is present. Thus, the bearings fall far short of the desired 5-10 years lifetimes. This project will develop diamond-hardfaced carbide-metal nanocomposites, in which a compositionally-graded layer of diamond nanoparticles is bonded to a nanostructured carbide-metal substrate. The graded coating/substrate interface resists coating spallation over the long term, even when the original geothermal brine becomes contaminated with entrained sand particles. Phase I fabricated a diamond-hardfaced WC/Co-Cr nanocomposite, in which a functionally-graded layer of diamond nanoparticles was bonded to a nanostructured WC/Co-Cr substrate. In Phase II, extensive materials characterization and mechanical properties studies will be performed.Commercial Applications and other Benefits as described by the awardee: The nanocomposite structure would exhibit mechanical properties advantages that include higher hardness and compressive strength, as well as improved fracture toughness. Beyond the application to geothermal wells, other potential commercial applications for diamond-hardfaced nanocomposites include machine tools, drill bits, and wear parts.
* information listed above is at the time of submission.
An Official Website of the United States Government


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The Pink of Fashion
When young women return to our campuses this fall, many will distinguish themselves by wearing clothing and carrying backpacks labeled in capital letters: PINK.
Why? And especially why, when most of the items labeled PINK are not colored pink at all?
It's reminiscent of Magritte's famous 1929 painting of a pipe with the inscription "Ceci n'est pas une pipe," that is, "This is not a pipe." And indeed, however realistic the painting may be, it isn't a pipe. It's just an image of one. He called th…


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Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in an Activated Sludge System Treating Thermophilically Processed Chemical Industry Wastewater
Abstract:A pilot scale activated sludge system was used to treat the effluent of an existing aerobic thermophilic bacterial consortium of an organic chemical manufacturer's wastewater treatment system. During the course of operation, significant BOD reduction was observed. Furthermore substantial nitrogen removal was also observed. It was demonstrated that simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was occurring in the continuously aerated activated sludge system. Mass balances were performed demonstrating that up to 48% of the nitrogen was being removed by this system.
Document Type: Research Article
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864704784147124
Publication date: January 1, 2004
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Hi, this works for me, thanks. Just to offer some feedback though, it would be great to make the default select option something generic, like 'Please select' rather than 'Select Post' as it currently is.
As this works with custom post types, which can be used for basically anything from vacancies to products, something like 'Please select' would work better - the end-user doesn't know the data type is a post, so it would look confusing when having say a list of products, for the default to be 'Select Post'. Even better would be to allow the admin to edit the value from the widget config screen so they can set e.g. 'Select Product' or 'Select Vacancy' etc.
I had to edit the plugin to change this, which I never like to do, but apart from that niggle it works great, thanks again.


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We are in the midst of a slow, but insistent shift in how we teach, assess, and organize our classrooms. After centuries of fixating on the solitary student's singular progress, we are currently experiencing the rise of a radical emphasis on collaborative, team-based learning.
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Table of Contents
- Blood clot facts
- What are blood clots? What does a blood clot look like?
- What causes blood clots (blood clots in veins or arteries)?
- What causes blood clots (blood clots in the heart, leaking, and other causes)?
- What are the risk factors for blood clots?
- What types of conditions are caused by blood clots (DVT and pulmonary embolism)?
- What types of conditions are caused by blood clots (AFib, atrial thrombosis, and others)?
- What are the signs and symptoms of blood clots?
- What kind of doctors treat blood clots?
- How are blood clots diagnosed?
- What tests are used to diagnose blood clots?
- What is the treatment for blood clots?
- What are the complications of blood clots?
- How can blood clots be prevented?
Quick GuideDeep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
What types of conditions are caused by blood clots (AFib, atrial thrombosis, and others)?
Arterial thrombus
An arterial thrombus stops the blood supply to the tissues beyond the blockage, depriving cells of oxygen and nutrients. This quickly leads to tissue death. Arterial thrombus is the mechanism that causes:
- heart attack (when it occurs in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart)
- stroke (when it occurs in arteries within the brain),
- peripheral vascular disease (occurring in the arteries of the legs), or
- ischemic bowel or mesenteric ischemia (when it occurs in the arteries that supply blood to the intestine)
Atrial fibrillation (AFib, AF)
In atrial fibrillation (AFib, AF), small clots may form along the walls of the atrium or the upper chambers of the heart. Should one of these clots break off, it may embolize, or travel in the bloodstream to the brain, blocking an artery and causing a stroke. Other arteries also may be involved when blood clots caused by the presence of AFib lodge and stop blood flow (embolize), including those that supply blood to the bowel. This can cause bowel ischemia and tissue death (potential necrosis) of the intestine. Clots also can affect blood supply to the extremities (arms, fingers and toes).
Other types of blood clots
Blood should clot anytime it becomes stagnant. This also means that clots will form when blood leaks out of blood vessels.
Examples include some of the following:
- With bleeding peptic ulcers, patients may vomit liquid blood mixed with clot.
- Patients with rectal bleeding may also have clot mixed with the bloody stool if there has been time for the clot to form.
- Sometimes patients with urinary tract or bladder infections develop associated bleeding in their urine, and small clots can form. On occasion these clots may be so big that they cannot be passed and block the urethra (the tube that empties the bladder), preventing urination and causing urinary retention.
- Vaginal bleeding is a normal event for most women in the reproductive years and occasionally, blood can pool in the vagina and form clots before being expelled. If clots form in the uterus, they may cause significant pain and pressure as they pass through the cervix while being expelled. Continue Reading
Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141(2_suppl):
Dzsheka MS, et al. Stroke and bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation. Clin Cardiol.2014, Oct, 37(10)
Medscape. Deep Vein Thrombosis and Thrombophlebitis.
Fauci, Anthony S., et al. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. United States: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2011.
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Blood Clots - Describe Your Experience
Please describe your experience with blood clots.Post View 73 Comments
Blood Clots - Causes
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Blood Clots - Symptoms
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Blood Clots - In Leg
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The Centaur® Embroidered Saddle Carry Bag holds a close contact or jumping saddle. The durable twill outer is diamond quilted and embellished with embroidery to delight the eye. This saddle bag has a full zipper for easy loading, nylon handles, a soft fleece lining to prevent scratches and extra thickness in the cantle area for added protection.
Durable and attractive, Huntfield's® Boot Bag is made of black, 1000D nylon with green web carrying handles and leather accents. It's designed with a sturdy base and center zipper for quick and easy access to your boots. Metal feet raise your bag off the floor to keep it clean.
Stay organized when you're on the move with this Noble Outfitters™ Horseplay Backpack. Made of hard wearing, water-repellent 600 denier poly canvas, this rider's backpack has a mesh-lined helmet pouch, padded tablet compartment, yoke-style shoulder straps with built-in handle, low-profile stretch water bottle pocket and crop clip.
The Custom Unlined Coat Bag by Tally Ho in tough nylon zippers closed for easy filling. This show coat bag has a zippered front pocket for accessories. Select bag and trim colors. Allow 4-6 weeks for delivery.
Huntfield's® Garment Bag in black, 1000D nylon is accented with leather for a great look. A durable center zipper allows for easy access to the interior, and a hole at the top lets hangers poke through. This protective garment bag folds closed for carrying.
Spacious yet easy to carry, this Kerrits® Sling Bag provides the storage and organization any rider can appreciate when traveling to and from the stable or show. This Sling Bag is a hybrid gear bag and backpack with a comfortable cross-body strap design, mesh-vented helmet section and multiple compartments keep things neat.
Tally Ho's Custom Unlined Shadbelly Coat Bag is tailor made for your coat's long tails. This shadbelly bag is made of lint-free nylon and has a full width zippered front pocket for accessories. Select your bag and trim colors. Allow 4-6 weeks for delivery.
The Custom Children's Fleece-Lined Two-Piece Boot Bag from Tally Ho stores a pair of tall riding boots in separate pouches connected by a carrying handle. Tough nylon outer and soft fleece lining are protective. Choose your bag and trim colors. Allow 4-6 weeks for delivery.
Our Fleece-Lined Dressage Saddle Case envelops your saddle in protective fabric. Designed to fit most dressage and all-purpose saddles, this saddle bag is made of water-repellent, 400 denier nylon with a heavy-duty zipper.
The Custom Fleece-Lined Pony Saddle Cover by Tally Ho has an elastic edge that lets it conform snugly to your saddle for protection. This pony saddle cover has a nylon exterior in your custom color and a black fleece lining. Select your cover and trim colors. Allow 4-6 weeks for delivery.
Protect your saddle for transport in the stylish Centaur® Travelware Saddle Carry Bag. This saddle bag is lined with fleece for extra protection and constructed with a tough waterproof and breathable nylon exterior. Full zipper and nylon handles.


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Goldman Sachs warned on Friday that benchmark iron ore prices could slump further due to a growing supply surplus. » Read More
Some of the names on the move ahead of the open.
Futures point to a higher open ahead of the last two weeks of trading for 2015, but the year looks to be ending with a whimper.
A judge in Brazil's state of Minas Gerais has frozen the Brazilian assets of mining giants BHP Billiton and Vale.
Mining stocks suffered from relentless selling on Tuesday, with Anglo American tumbling over 11 percent to a fresh record low.
Some of the names on the move ahead of the open.
U.S. stock futures pointed to a higher opening on Wall Street this morning on the first day of December, after November managed to eke out a second consecutive month of gains.
Some of the names on the move ahead of the open.
U.S. stock futures were higher on this last day of November, with the Dow, S&P 500, and Nasdaq looking to chalk up their 6th positive month of 2015 with one month to go.
The dam burst unleashed 60M cubic meters of waste that devastated a village, killed at least 13 people and polluted a major river valley.
As India embarks on an aggressive drive to revamp its ailing infrastructure, Asia's third-largest economy may emerge as bright spot for iron ore.
"Mad Money" host Jim Cramer dishes on which beverage companies will continue to win when the Fed raises rates.
Jim Cramer reveals the three stooges of iron ore. Because if you're stuck in a hole, you don't keep digging!
Asian stocks were battered on Friday, amid sharp falls in commodity prices and growing expectations that the Fed will hike rates next month.
Some of the names on the move ahead of the open.
Fed Chair Janet Yellen leads the list of central bank-speakers today, after the Dow, S&P 500, and Nasdaq posted their lowest closes of the month.
BHP is reviewing its iron ore production guidance for fiscal 2016, following a mudflow and flood at its Samarco mine in Brazil.
A burst dam at an iron ore mine owned by Vale and BHP Billiton devastate a Brazilian town.
A burst dam at an iron ore mine owned by Vale and BHP Billiton left at least two people dead, more than 30 injured and dozens missing overnight.
The world's top three iron-ore producers continue to consistently churn out record volumes of output, but just how long that strategy can last?
BHP hiked iron ore production by 7% year-on-year in the September quarter.


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[US] Conspiracy Theory (1997) - An obsessive conspiracy theorist is targeted after one of his theories turns out to be true. Mel Gibson, Julia Roberts, & Patrick Stewart star. by in NetflixBestOf
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Memento Mori (S4E14). Captain Morgan over ice with Coke. The X Files + Booze = Sunday night in our house! by SierraKiloBravo in XFiles
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Hillary Clinton Chilling in Cedar Rapids by streetsy in cedarrapids
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[Haiku] Meme by in youtubehaiku
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Best Bars & Restaurants in Town for People Over Age 30. Not chains. by catfishspurs in cedarrapids
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Here's how to watch the NFL Preseason online by houraday in GreenBayPackers
Yes, and what would I pay her with, banana bread?! Sorry, sorry. It's just we haven't slept in days and we're running out of money and.. Banana bread?! What the hell were you thinking?! by Cazz96 in TheSimpsons
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Have you ever felt upset? by munchyjr in tf2
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BlackPeopleTwitter user reminds the community that the Wehrmacht did nothing wrong by in circlebroke2
What great actor took a role that was seemingly beneath them, then took it to heights nobody could imagine? by JKJ420 in movies
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[Album] A Facebook page, 'The Best Simpsons Faces', is dedicated to posting the crazy faces Simpsons characters make during animation by in TheSimpsons
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[Album] A Facebook page, 'The Best Simpsons Faces', is dedicated to posting the crazy faces Simpsons characters make during animation by in TheSimpsons
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It is happening again... by doobis69 in WTF
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Including, "who are you?" and "what are you doing here?!" by E5Scoot in TheSimpsons
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20+ Signs You Live in Champaign Urbana by thissavvylife in UIUC
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What thread older than 5 years is now funnier due to changing times? by TwiceOnThursday in AskReddit
Just squeeze your rage into a bitter little ball and release it at an approprate time. Like that day I hit the referee with a whiskey bottle. Remember that, when daddy hit the referee? by niall5 in TheSimpsons
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Smash Mouth performing at the free Champaign Music Festival this Saturday July 11th by taeterroristhebest in UIUC
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Its that time of the year again! by garandx in cedarrapids
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3.95 gpa 28 gpa College of business by togo25 in UIUC
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I was in Innsbruck, Austria visiting King Maximilian's tomb and I found her royal highness. by 1stcore in civ
It's a day that ends in "Y," so reddit votes "I am all for [mentally handicapped people] being sterilized" to the top of a thread. Bonus: the poster's comments are full of white supremacism and assorted other hate. by haha_masturbation in circlebroke2
What is the most badass thing you've seen in an NFL game? by CatfishHugo in nfl
Looks like they finally reached that rainbow!s8e15 (i.imgur.com)
submitted by k0mbaticus to /r/TheSimpsons


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With all eyes fixed on General Motors in the wake of the ignition recall debacle, the auto giant has been carefully calling in a wide array of vehicles to fix anything and everything that could prove problematic. Just the other day it issued two separate recalls – one concerning the Cadillac SRX and another its heavy-duty pickups – and now it is issuing another.
2013 Chevrolet Traverse
GM recalls 51k Enclave, Traverse, Acadia crossovers over fuel gauge inaccuracy
- Noah Joseph
- May 5, 2014
Investigation suggests GM slow to recall 1.2M CUVs over airbags
- Chris Bruce
- May 1, 2014
Slowly but surely, General Motors is learning quite a few lessons from its recent ignition-switch recall fiasco. A recent timeline submitted by the company to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration showed that it took six years to issue a recent recall on several crossovers.
2013 Chevrolet Traverse loses the family nose
- Zach Bowman
- Apr 4, 2012
General Motors has just unveiled its facelifted 2013 Chevrolet Traverse at the New York Auto Show today. The big crossover has abandoned the company's corporate grille in favor of a new design that's expected to eventually make its way to the rest of the Chevrolet utility vehicle stable. With three chrome-finish bars across the upper grille inlet, more expressive headlamp arrays and a new foglight design, the 2013 Traverse looks a bit more conservative and polished than it did before, at least f
- Volvo shoots for self-drivers by 2021
- Jeep spends $1 billion on factories
- Find Parts & Accessories for your vehicle!
- Obama rolls out new EV plan
- Infiniti dealers ranked best, Tesla worst
- Compare Volvo XC90 and Lincoln MKX


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Simple Risotto
- 3 teaspoons olive oil
- 1 cup finely chopped onion
- 2 cloves garlic, minced
- 1 cup arborio rice
- 1/2 cup white wine
- 3 to 4 cups canned chicken stock
- Parmesan cheese
- Salt
- Pepper
In a large saucepan heat oil over medium heat. Add onion and cook until tender. Stir in garlic and cook until aroma is released. Add rice and cook for 1 minute. Add wine and stir until all the liquid is absorbed. Stirring continuously add in 1/2 cup stock at a time. Do not add next 1/2 cup until the previous one has been absorbed. Season with salt and pepper. Serve with freshly grated Parmesan cheese and pepper
Recipe Courtesy of Food Network Kitchens
Cooking Tips
More Recipes and Ideas
Wild Mushroom Broken Spaghetti Risotto with Arugula and Hazelnuts
Recipe courtesy of Rachael Ray
Sunny's Simple Crabcakes with Celery Root Remoulade
Recipe courtesy of Sunny Anderson


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Today's Google Doodle: American Cartoonist Winsor Zenic McCay
The World and Even Mars life Watched Daredevil "Felix Baumgartner" is an Austrian skydiver and a BASE jumper. He is renowned for the particularly dangerous nature of the stunts he has performed during his career and survives a 24 mile space jump. Another Great History recorded for Future humans, Facebook, Twitter and all Giant Websites like Mashable, TechCrunch are trending this topic. A Great EPIC !. Concept of Today's Google Doodle It's a 107th Anniversary of American cartoonist Winsor Zenic McCayYoung of Nemo in slumberland. Young man's Bed flipped or tossed him to the hole, where he met a...Read More


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