text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 16, 1997
|Filing date
|Jan 11, 1996
|Priority date
|Jan 11, 1996
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Ronald S. Tomory
|Original Assignee
|Xerox Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (10), Classifications (11), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a system for controlling print production for a job in an electronic printing system and, more specifically, to a control system which permits the amount of image data to be buffered for the job in a memory section prior to beginning production of a first print of the job to be preprogrammed either by a user or a controller.
Electronic printing systems typically include an input section, sometimes referred to as an input image terminal ("IIT"), a controller, sometimes referred to as an electronic subsystem ("ESS") and an output section or print engine, sometimes referred to as an image output terminal ("IOT"). In one type of electronic printing system, manufactured by Xerox� Corporation, known as the DocuTech� electronic printing system, a job can be inputted to the printing system from, among other sources, a network or a scanner. An example of a printing system with both network and scanner inputs is found in the following patent:
The process of printing one portion of a job concurrent with another portion of the job being captured with an image capture device, such as a raster input scanner, is sometimes referred to in the art as "stream printing". It is understood that stream printing of the type described in the following patent, is often both feasible and desirable in electronic printing systems of the type mentioned above:
U.S. Pat. No. 5,107,339 is directed toward a printing system in which original documents of a job to be printed are scanned to provide signals for storage in memory. The signals are thereby transferred to the printer for print generation after an optimum time period has elapsed. The optimum time period is automatically determined such that a maximum overlap is achieved between scanner operation and printer operation. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the printing system of the '339 patent accommodates what is commonly referred as "high volume printing" and seeks to minimize skipped pitches by buffering a preset number of pages prior to producing a first print with its corresponding print engine.
It is known that, under certain circumstances, particularly where copying of a small job is desired, a user seeks to minimize what is referred to as "first copy out time (FCOT)". Indeed, the following patents respectively disclose an apparatus that is well suited for "small volume" to "mid-volume" printing and is capable of minimizing FCOT:
U.S. Pat. No. 5,303,341, which represents a base subsystem for the multifunctional control system of U.S. Pat. No. 5,349,647, is directed toward a video processor that seeks to maximize throughput for image data from the IIT to the IOT. The video processor includes a page buffer flanked by an input burst buffer and an output burst buffer. In one example of operation, image data is buffered by the input buffer while image data is being transmitted, at a relatively elevated rate, to the output page buffer for eventual transfer to the IOT. In an alternative embodiment, image data is delivered directly from the IIT to the IOT by way of a "direct data bus". As disclosed by the description of the '341 patent, "[w]hen the input rate of the IIT . . . is synchronized relative to the output rate of the IOT . . . , line-by-line synchronous input/output operations can be achieved.
Each of the data transfer mechanisms of U.S. Pat. No. 5,107,339 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,303,341 is well suited for its intended purpose in that the printing system of the '339 patent, which is usually employed in a high productivity environment, insures that dead cycles in the IOT are minimized, while the printing system of the '341 patent provides the user having a small job with a level of flexibility that may not be available on a high volume printing system of the type disclosed in the '339 patent. Nevertheless, there are certain drawbacks to the '339 and '341 patents that prevent the user of a mid-volume, multifunctional printing system from "having it all."
That is, the approach of the '339 is believed to assume a context that is not always the case for a mid-volume, multifunctional machine in that the job is assumed to substantial in size and an experienced, knowledgeable machine operator is assumed to be available for programming the printing system with a significant number of operating parameters or values, one of which values includes job size. It is believed that many owners are unwilling to purchase mid-volume, multifunctional printing systems with a lot of extra software that drives up unit machine cost (UMC). Thus, it is desirable, in the context of a mid-volume, multifunctional printing system, to maintain software overhead at a reasonable minimum. While the large volume printing system of the '339 patent is expected to store many programs, including the code that accompanies the pseudo-code of FIGS. 9A and 9B, it is believed that a substantial number of mid-volume, multifunctional printing system owners would find the extra cost associated with storing such code to be undesirable from a UMC standpoint.
Additionally, while the printing system of the '341 provides the user with the opportunity to minimize FCOT, it does so at the expense of the machine as a whole in that the direct bus "locks up" two significant components and thus eliminates the multifunctional aspect of the printing system, at least during the printing process. Moreover, since scanning and printing rates are synchronized, the rate of printing, which is typically greater than the rate of printing, is degraded relative to the norm. It is believed that such degradation is unnecessary since it is believed that FCOT can be minimized without bypassing the page buffer.
Finally, it is believed that the '339 and '341 patents are less than optimum for use in a mid-volume printing system since a typical midvolume printing system may service both small and large volume jobs, and neither of the '339 and '341 patents accommodates both high and low volume users by providing a choice as to FCOT. It would thus be desirable to provide a control system that provides a user with a choice with respect to FCOT so that such user can program the printing system to adjust FCOT to meet his or her particular needs.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a control system intended for use in a printing system in which one or more sets of prints are produced from a job including a set of image data, buffered in a first memory section, and a set of instructions for controlling the production of the one or more print sets. Each of the prints in at least one of the one or more print sets is provided to an output area. The control system, which controls when production of a first print in the at least one of the one or more print sets begins and thus the rate at which the first print is provided to the output area, includes: a second memory section for storing a threshold printing value; a data input system for delivering the image data, on an image by image basis, to said first memory section; a third memory section for storing a cumulative captured image value which is incremented each time an image is buffered in said second memory section; a job scheduler, communicating with both said first and third memory sections, for detecting when a portion of the at least one image has been buffered in the second memory section; and a print subsystem, communicating with said job scheduler, for producing one or more prints from the buffered set of image data. In practice, each time an image is buffered in said second memory section, said job scheduler compares the cumulative image value stored in said third memory section with the threshold printing value stored in the first memory section, and when the cumulative image value is equal to or greater than the threshold printing value, said job scheduler transmits an enabling signal to said print subsystem for causing said same to commence production of the first print.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method intended for use in a printing system in which one or more sets of prints are produced from a job including a set of image data, buffered in a memory section. Each set of image data is printed in either a first print out time minimization mode or a job cost saving mode and is used to control production of the one or more print sets in a print subsystem, the production being managed by a controller and each of the prints in at least one of the one or more print sets being provided to an output area. The method, which controls when production of a first print in the at least one of the one or more print sets begins and thus the rate at which the first print is provided to the output area, includes: a) determining, with the controller, whether the job is to be printed in the first print out mode or the job cost saving mode; b) in response to determining, by way of said a), that the job is to be printed in the first print out mode, commencing production of the first print, with the print subsystem, about as soon as image data corresponding with a portion of the first print is buffered in the memory section so that the first print is delivered to the output area in a minimum amount of time; and c) in response to determining, by way of said a), that the job is to be printed in the job cost saving mode, commencing production after image data corresponding with a selected plurality of prints has been buffered in the memory section so that cost attributable to dead cycle time in the print subsystem is minimized.
These and other aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description, the description being used to illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram depicting a multifunctional, network adaptive printing machine;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a video control module for the printing machine of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a transfer module used in conjunction with the printing machine of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a facsimile card used in conjunction with the printing machine of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a network controller for the printing machine of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a first portion of a flow diagram representing a method for adjusting first print out time;
FIG. 7 is a schematic, block diagram of an arrangement including selected components used to implement the method illustrated by the flow diagram of FIGS. 6 and 8; and
FIG. 8 is a second portion of the flow diagram, the first portion of which is shown in FIG. 6.
While the present invention will hereinafter be described in connection with a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to that embodiment. On the contrary, it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Referring to FIG. 1, a multifunctional, network adaptive printing system is designated by the numeral 10. The printing system 10 includes a printing machine 12 operatively coupled with a network service module 14. The printing machine 12 includes an electronic subsystem 16, referred to as a video control module (VCM), communicating with a scanner 18 and a printer 20. In one example, the VCM 16, which will be described in further detail below, coordinates the operation of the scanner and printer in a digital copying arrangement. In a digital copying arrangement, the scanner 18 (also referred to as image input terminal (IIT)) reads an image on an original document by using a CCD full width array and converts analog video signals, as gathered, into digital signals. In turn, an image processing system 22 (FIG. 2), associated with the scanner 18, executes signal correction and the like, converts the corrected signals into multi-level signals (e.g. binary signals), compresses the multi-level signals and preferably stores the same in electronic precollation (EPC) memory 24.
Referring again to FIG. 1, the printer 20 (also referred to as image output terminal (IOT)) preferably includes a xerographic print engine. In one example, the print engine has a multi-pitch belt (not shown) which is written on with an imaging source, such as a synchronous source (e.g. laser raster output scanning device) or an asynchronous source (e.g. LED print bar). In a printing context, the multi-level image data is read out of the EPC memory 24 (FIG. 2) while the imaging source is turned on and off, in accordance with the image data, forming a latent image on the photoreceptor. In turn, the latent image is developed with, for example, a hybrid jumping development technique and transferred to a print media sheet. Upon fusing the resulting print, it may be inverted for duplexing or simply outputted. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the printer can assume other forms besides a xerographic print engine without altering the concept upon which the disclosed embodiment is based. For example, the printing system 10 could be implemented with a thermal ink jet or ionographic printer.
Referring specifically to FIG. 2, the VCM 16 is discussed in further detail. The VCM 16 includes a video bus (VBus) 28 with which various I/O, data transfer and storage components communicate. Preferably, the VBus is a high speed, 32 bit data burst transfer bus which is expandable to 64 bit. The 32 bit implementation has a sustainable maximum bandwidth of approximately 60 MBytes/sec. In one example, the bandwidth of the VBus is as high as 100 MBytes/sec.
The storage components of the VCM reside in the EPC memory section 30 and the mass memory section 32. The EPC memory section includes the EPC memory 24, the EPC memory being coupled with the VBus by way of a DRAM controller 33. The EPC memory, which is preferably DRAM, provides expansion of up to 64 MBytes, by way of two high density 32 bit SIMM modules. The mass memory section 32 includes a SCSI hard drive device 34 coupled to the VBus by way of a transfer module 36a. As will appear, other I/O and processing components are coupled respectively to the VBus by way of transfer modules 36. It will be appreciated that other devices (e.g. a workstation) could be coupled to the VBus by way the transfer module 36a through use of a suitable interface and a SCSI line.
Referring to FIG. 3, the structure of one of the transfer modules 36 is discussed in further detail. The illustrated transfer module of FIG. 3 includes a packet buffer 38, a VBus interface 40 and DMA transfer unit 42 . The transfer module 36, which was designed with "VHSIC" Hardware Description Language (VHDL), is a programmable arrangement permitting packets of image data to be transmitted along the VBus at a relatively high transfer rate. In particular, the packet buffer is programmable so that the segment or packet can be varied according to the available bandwidth of the VBus. In one example, the packet buffer can programmed to handle packets of up to 64 Bytes Preferably, the packet size would be reduced for times when the VBus is relatively busy and increased for times when activity on the bus is relatively low.
Adjustment of the packet size is achieved with the VBus interface 40 and a system controller 44 (FIG. 5). Essentially, the VBus interface is an arrangement of logical components, including, among others, address counters, decoders and state machines, which provides the transfer module with a selected degree of intelligence. The interface 40 communicates with the system controller to keep track of desired packet size and, in turn, this knowledge is used to adjust the packet size of the packet buffer 38, in accordance with bus conditions. That is, the controller, in view of its knowledge regarding conditions on the VBus 28, passes directives to the interface 40 so that the interface can adjust packet size accordingly. Further discussion regarding operation of the transfer module 36 is provided below.
The DMA transfer unit employs a conventional DMA transfer strategy to transfer the packets. In other words, the beginning and end addresses of the packet are used by the transfer unit in implementing a given transfer. When a transfer is complete, the interface 40 transmits a signal back to the system controller 44 so that further information, such as desired packet size and address designations, can be obtained.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, three I/O components are shown as being coupled operatively to the VBus 28, namely a FAX module 48, the scanner or IIT 18, and the printer or IOT 20; however, it should be recognized that a wide variety of components could be coupled to the VBus by way an expansion slot 50. Referring to FIG. 4, an implementation for the FAX module, which is coupled to the VBus 28 by way of transfer module 36b, is discussed in further detail. In the preferred embodiment, a facsimile device (FAX) 51 includes a chain of components, namely a section 52 for performing Xerox adaptive compression/decompression, a section 54 for scaling compressed image data, a section 56 for converting compressed image data to or from CCITT format, and a modem 58, preferably manufactured by Rockwell Corporation, for transmitting CCITT formatted data from or to a telephone, by way of a conventional communication line.
Referring still to FIG. 4, each of the sections 52, 54 and 56 as well as modem 58 are coupled with the transfer module 36b by way of a control line 60. This permits transfers to be made to and from the FAX module 48 without involving a processor. As should be understood, the transfer module 36b can serve as a master or slave for the FAX module in that the transfer module can provide image data to the FAX for purposes of transmission or receive an incoming FAX. In operation, the transfer module 36b reacts to the FAX module in the same manner that it would react to any other I/O component. For example, to transmit a FAX job, the transfer module 36b feeds packets to the section 52 through use of the DMA transfer unit 42 and, once a packet is fed, the transfer module transmits an interrupt signal to the system processor 44 requesting another packet. In one embodiment, two packets are maintained in the packet buffer 38 so that "ping-ponging" can occur between the two packets. In this way, the transfer module 36b does not run out of image data even when the controller cannot get back to it immediately upon receiving an interrupt signal.
Referring again to FIG. 2, the IIT 18 and IOT 20 are operatively coupled to the VBus 28 by of transfer modules 36c and 36d. Additionally, the IIT 18 and the IOT 20 are operatively coupled with a compressor 62 and a decompressor 64, respectively. The compressor and decompressor are preferably provided by way of a single module that employs Xerox adaptive compression devices. Xerox adaptive compression devices have been used for compression/decompression operations by Xerox Corporation in its DocuTech� printing system. In practice, at least some of the functionality of the transfer modules is provided by way of a 3 channel DVMA device, which device provides local arbitration for the compression/decompression module.
As further illustrated by FIG. 2, the scanner 18, which includes the image processing section 22, is coupled with an annotate/merge module 66. Preferably, the image processing section includes one or more dedicated processors programmed to perform various desired functions, such as image enhancement, thresholding/screening, rotation, resolution conversion and TRC adjustment. The selective activation of each of these functions can be coordinated by a group of image processing control registers, the registers being programmed by the system controller 44. Preferably, the functions are arranged along a "pipeline" in which image data is inputted to one end of the pipe, and image processed image data is outputted at the other end of the pipe. To facilitate throughput, transfer module 36e is positioned atone end of the image processing section 22 and transfer module 36c is positioned at another end of the section 22. As will appear, positioning of transfer modules 36c and 36e in this manner greatly facilitates the concurrency of a loopback process.
Referring still to FIG. 2, arbitration of the various bus masters of the VCM 16 is implemented by way of a VBus arbiter 70 disposed in a VBus arbiter/bus gateway 71. The arbiter determines which bus master (e.g. FAX module, Scanner, Printer, SCSI Hard Drive, EPC Memory or Network Service Component) can access the VBus at one given time. The arbiter is made up of two main sections and a third control section. The first section, i.e., the "Hi-Pass" section, receives input bus requests and current priority selection, and outputs a grant corresponding to the highest priority request pending. The current priority selection input is the output from the second section of the arbiter and is referred to as "Priority Select". This section implements priority rotation and selection algorithm. At any given moment, the output of the logic for priority select determines the order in which pending requests will be serviced. The input to Priority Select is a register which holds an initial placement of devices on a priority chain. On servicing requests, this logic moves the devices up and down the priority chain thereby selecting the position of a device's next request. Control logic synchronizes the tasks of the Hi-Pass and the Priority Select by monitoring signals regarding request/grant activity. It also prevents the possibility of race conditions.
Referring to FIG. 5, the network service module 14 is discussed in further detail. As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the architecture of the network service module is similar to that of a known "PC clone". More particularly, in the preferred embodiment, the controller 44, which preferably assumes the form of a SPARC processor, manufactured by Sun Microsystems, Inc., is coupled with a standard SBus 72. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 5, a host memory 74, which preferably assumes the form of DRAM, and a SCSI disk drive device 76 are coupled operatively to the SBus 72. While not shown in FIG. 5, a storage or I/O device could be coupled with the SBus with a suitable interface chip. As further shown in FIG. 5, the SBus is coupled with a network 78 by way of an appropriate network interface 80. In one example, the network interface includes all of the hardware and software necessary to relate the hardware/software components of the controller 44 with the hardware/software components of the network 78. For instance, to interface various protocols between the network service module 14 and the network 78, the network interface could be provided with, among other software, Netware� from Novell Corp.
In one example, the network 78 includes a client, such as a workstation 82 with an emitter or driver 84. In operation, a user may generate a job including a plurality of electronic pages and a set of processing instructions. In turn, the job is converted, with the emitter, into a representation written in a page description language, such as PostScript. The job is then transmitted to the controller 44 where it is interpreted with a decomposer, such as one provided by Adobe Corporation. Some of the principles underlying the concept of interpreting a PDL job are provided in now-allowed U.S. application Ser. No. 07/898,761 entitled "Apparatus and Method for Multi-Stage/Multi-Process Decomposing", filed on Jun. 12, 1992, by Bonk et al., and U.S. Pat. No. 5,226,112 to Mensing et al., the pertinent portions of both references being incorporated herein by reference. Further details regarding a technique for generating a job in a PDL may be obtained by reference to the following text, the pertinent portions of which are incorporated herein by reference:
Referring again to FIG. 2, the network service module 14 is coupled with the VCM 16 via a bus gateway 88 of the VBus arbiter/bus gateway 71. In one example, the bus gateway comprises a field programmable gate array provided by XILINX corporation. The bus gateway device provides the interface between the host SBus and the VCM VBus. It provides VBus address translation for accesses to address spaces in the VBus real address range, and passes a virtual address to the host SBus for virtual addresses in the host address range. A DMA channel for memory to memory transfers is also implemented in the bus gateway. Among other things, the bus gateway provides seamless access between the VBus and SBus, and decodes virtual addresses from bus masters, such as one of the transfer modules 36, so that an identifier can be obtained from a corresponding slave component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many components of the printing system 10 are implemented in the form of a single ASIC.
Referring to FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, further discussion regarding DMA transfer of each of the transfer modules 36 is provided. In particular, in one example, the images of a job are stored in the host memory 74 as a series of blocks. Preferably, each block comprises a plurality of packets. In operation, one of the transfer modules 36 is provided, by the controller 44, with the beginning address of a block and the size of the block. In turn, for that block, the transfer module 36 effects a packet transfer and increments/decrements a counter. This procedure is repeated for each packet of the block until the interface 40 determines, by reference to the counter, that the last packet of the block has been transferred. Typically, for each stored image, several blocks are transferred, in a packet-by-packet manner, as described immediately above.
Referring to FIGS. 6-8, a control system for programming or adjusting first copy out time (FCOT) is discussed. Referring specifically to FIG. 6, it is assumed that a detection is made by the controller 44 (FIG. 5), at step 100, as to whether the job to be processed with the EPC memory 24 (FIG. 2) is a scan job from the scanner 18 (FIG. 1) or a network job from the network 78 (FIG. 5). As will be appreciated, scan jobs are programmed with a conventional user interface (UI) 102 (FIG. 2), which UI is coupled with the VBus 28 by say of a suitable interface 104.
If the job is a network job, i.e. a job received from the "NET" via the network interface 80 (FIG. 5), then it is assumed that FCOT is not critical and a first value in nonvolatile memory (NVM), e.g. disk 76, is set or designated, at step 106, so that a "Lowest Cost Per Print" Mode (LCPPM) is obtained. Preferably, however, the system is provided with an over-ride mechanism, by way of step 107, that permits a user to minimize FCOT. More specifically, at step 107, the user can either simply accept a default approach by permitting the LCPPM to be obtained or force the process to provide an alternative approach in which FCOT is minimized at step 114, the significance of which step will be discussed in further detail below. Minimizing FCOT in a network context may be particularly useful when the incoming job is a facsimile job and the receiver desires to "pull off" output as soon as possible. Assuming the job is a network job, a variable (NetScan), the significance of which will appear below, is set (step 108) and the process proceeds to step 110 where the process is prepared for printing.
As follows from the discussion below, the current technique sets one of three values, in response to client or user input, for adjusting FCOT. It will be appreciated that the choice of three values is arbitrary and more or less programmable values could be offered without affecting the concept upon which the control system of the preferred embodiment is based.
Referring to FIG. 6, if the job to be processed is a scan job, then it is decided, at step 112, whether the user seeks immediate output. If the user seeks to obtain a copy as soon as possible, then a second value in NVM is set, at step 114, so that a FCOT Minimization Mode (FCOTMM) is obtained. As will appear in the preferred embodiment, the second value assumes a magnitude of 1 or less.
Assuming a user does not demand immediate output (step 116) and the job includes more pages than a prespecified number (e.g. X) then the first value in NVM is assumed (step 118) to obtain a Lowest Cost Per Copy Mode (LCPCM). In practice, the magnitude of X is at least 3. If the job is less than the prespecified number of pages (step 116), then a third value in NVM is set, at step 120, so that a Small Job Savings Mode (SJSM) is obtained. In practice, the SJSM provides a compromise between the LCPCM and FCOTMM in that FCOT is decreased, relative to the LCPCM, while some pitches (less than in the FCOTMM) are encountered.
Assuming still that the job to be processed is a scan job, then the scanner 18 (FIG. 1) is set up (step 124) for the job with the UI 102 and a variable (ImScan), which varies as a function of images scanned and loaded into the EPC memory 24 (FIG. 2), is initialized (step 126). Moreover, the job is assigned a job identifier for use in processing the job. Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the value for ImScan and the job identifier are stored (step 128) in a table 130 referred to as the User Job Attribute Table (UJAT). Referring specifically to FIG. 7, which includes selected components of the printing system 10, the context of the variable ImScan and the job identifier can be more fully appreciated.
In particular, the printing of a scan job or a network job is coordinated by a system service 132 which includes a job scheduler 134. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the system service and scheduler are associated with the controller 44 (FIG. 5) and functions under its control. The system service facilitates many services for the printing system 10, just one of which includes coordinating the scanning and printing of a scan job. Of particular significance to the disclosed embodiment is the job scheduler which communicates with, among other subsystems, the scanner 18, the printer 20, the NVM or disk 76 and the UJAT 130. While only ImScan is shown in the UJAT, it will be appreciated that many other attributes supporting the job processing (e.g. finishing attributes and a value representing the number of sets to be printed) would, in practice, be stored there. Moreover, while the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 7 shows the UJAT with the variable ImScan, for a network job the variable would assume the form of NetPrint.
Referring again to FIG. 6, to initiate scanning of the scan job, the controller, at step 136 directs the scanner 18 to begin scanning of the job. Around the same time, the identifier JobN is passed to the job scheduler so that the job scheduler can provide suitable management functionality of the job by accessing both the UJAT and the value set in the memory, which value will be hereinafter referred to as the "IOT Startup Threshold ".
Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, the procedure to be followed for both achieving stream printing and implementing the mode selected by the user or client is discussed. Referring to step 138, since the job scheduler 134 is in communication with the scanner 18, it is able to obtain information indicating when an image has been scanned. For applications in which images are being derived from a network job, information regarding the loading of an electronic page in EPC memory 24 (FIG. 2) from system memory 74 (FIG. 5) would be provided. Once a page has been loaded in EPC memory, either from the scanner or system memory, the value of ImScan or NetPrint is, via step 140, incremented by 1.
Image data is buffered in the EPC memory or disk until either the value of ImScan or NetPrint is at least equal to the preset IOT Startup Threshold (steps 142), or all of the image data representative of the job has been loaded into the EPC memory or disk (step 144). It will be understood that when the number of pages in the first set of a job are less than the threshold(s) set for the above-described mode(s), then all of the image data for the job will be loaded in memory before one of the modes can be triggered. In this event, marking is initiated when the answer to the query of step 144 is in the affirmative.
Assuming one the modes is triggered by the query of step 142, the image data corresponding with the first electronic page of the job is transmitted to the printer 20 for marking (step 146) of corresponding print media. Preferably, the IOT Startup Threshold is about 1 in the FCOTMM and about 9 in the LCPPM or LCPCM. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, that it may be desirable, depending on the speed of the scanner relative to the printer, to set the value the threshold for the FCOTMM to a value of less than 1. For instance, with a relatively fast scanner and relatively slow printer, optimum FCOT may be achieved by setting the IOT Stratup Threshold to be less than 1.
In the SJSM, the IOT Startup Threshold is set at a magnitude between 1 and 9 with the corresponding threshold being adjusted to accommodate for scanner and printer processing rates. As indicated at step 148, if further substrates require marking, then the process continues to loop through steps 148 and 150 until all of the prints of the job have been produced. It will be appreciated that the job scheduler can detect when job printing is completed by reference to both a signal from the scanner, indicating that all hardcopy pages have been read and information in the UJAT indicating how many sets of the job are to be produced. Once the end of printing has been reached, the controller, system service and job scheduler return to provide support for the demands of other clients/applications.
Numerous features of the above-described embodiment will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. First, the above-described approach of adjusting first copy or print time, in accordance with user demand, is well suited to the environment of mid-volume copying/printing where both job size and output demand can fluctuate radically among various users. With the preferred approach a customer can "have his/her cake and eat it too" in that small jobs can be printed out rapidly in a first print out time minimization mode while large jobs can be printed out in an economical manner with a job cost savings mode.
Second, the above-described approach is simple to implement and takes up extremely little software overhead. More particularly, relatively few values need be stored and/or processed. In turn, relatively little code is needed to drive the approach. Third, the approach is well suited for use in a variety of contexts. It works well in standalone as well as network configurations.
Finally, the approach provides for a high level of programmability which makes it both flexible and capable of a wide variety of uses. Preferably, a given printing machine includes a set of one or more threshold values which serve to trigger one or more modes of operation dynamically. In one example, a user can choose a relatively low threshold value so that the amount of time to output a print is minimized, while in another example, the user can choose a relatively high threshold to minimize dead cycles in the printer.
In yet another example, the threshold can be "baked" into the machine to accommodate for the average number of prints for an average job encountered by a particular machine. In this way, for a given organization, one printing machine may be programmed to be "quick" in its output of a first print, while another printing machine may be programmed to be "slow, but economical" in its output of a first print. In yet another example, a printing machine may be programmed to handle one job type, in the sense of first copy out time, differently than it handles another job type. This can be advantageous for printing machines that handle both scan jobs and network jobs.
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|Image forming apparatus and image forming method having band development scheduler for a plurality of pages
|Mar 10, 2003
|Sep 11, 2012
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Printing preparation
|May 7, 2008
|Nov 6, 2012
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Prioritizing print requests for a configurable shared network printer
|Mar 10, 2003
|Sep 16, 2004
|Burkes Theresa A.
|Printing preparation
|May 7, 2008
|Nov 12, 2009
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Prioritizing Print Requests for a Configurable Shared Network Printer
|Sep 4, 2013
|Jan 2, 2014
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Image processing method and computer-readable storage medium
|U.S. Classification
|358/1.16, 358/1.15
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 11, 1996
Owner name: XEROX CORPORATION, CONNECTICUT
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Effective date: 19951218
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Effective date: 20030625
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|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20050916


text:
Birds of East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi - Helm Field Guides (Paperback)Terry Stevenson, John Fanshawe, Brian Small, John Gale, Norman Arlott
Paperback Published: 01/12/2004
- In stock
- Free UK delivery
Click & Collect From your local shop
This is the first comprehensive field guide dealing exclusively with the birds of this spetacular region. It covers all resident, migrant and vagrant species found in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi. Over 1300 species are illustrated with full details all the plumages and major races likely to be encountered. Concise text describes identification, status, range, habits and voice with range maps for each species. This authoritative book will not only be an indispensable guide to the visiting birder, but also a vital tool for those engaged in work to conserve and study the avifauna of this region. East Africa shelters a remarkable diversity of birds, many seriously endangered with small and vulnerable ranges. They form a constantly colourful, noisy and highly extrovert part of the landscape.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
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The neutral trend doesn't seem to be dying anytime soon as we can see by photographer Karine Basilio's latest work for Highlights Magazine. Shooting Sam Rayner in body-hugging silhouettes styled by Eric Orlando, Basilio creates a story of powerful movement and angles with Flesh. / Hair by Yoichi Tomizawa, Makeup by Min Min Ma … [Read more...]
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Bluhm/Helfand Social Innovation Fellowship
This year, we received 250 applications from around the world for our Bluhm/Helfand Social Innovation Fellowship which recognizes exceptional entrepreneurs under the age of 35 who are working to solve pressing social challenges. We've narrowed it down to eleven Semi-Finalists who will be flown to Chicago to meet with our judging panel, hoping to earn one of five coveted Fellowship spots.
Explore the work of these world-changing individuals below. Congratulations to all our Semi-Finalists, and stay tuned for the announcement of our 2016 Fellows on August 18, 2016.
Tanyella Evans, 29, NYC: Library for All
Baillie Aaron, 30, UK: Spark Inside
Greg Segal, 32, NYC: ORGANIZE
Alex Epstein, 25, Philadelphia: Urban Creators
Brett Hagler, 26, San Francisco: New Story
Fagan Harris, 29, Baltimore: Baltimore Corps
Eric Liu, 25, San Francisco: Bayes Impact
Becca Heller, 34, NYC: International Refugee Assistance Project
Brian Hill, 31, Chicago: Edovo
Alex Niemczewski, 28, Chicago: BallotReady
Minhaj Chowdhury, 27, Bangladesh: Drinkwell
- Thursday, August 18th: 2016 BHSI Fellows announced
- Monday, October 17th – Sunday, October 23rd: Chicago Ideas Week
The Bluhm/Helfand Social Innovation (BHSI) Fellowship at Chicago Ideas Week (CIW) recognizes social entrepreneurs, 35 years or younger, whose nonprofit and for-profit ventures tackle significant social challenges through innovative business models. Now in its sixth year, the BHSI Fellowship is committed to empowering entrepreneurs from diverse backgrounds by providing them a platform for growth. Fellows gain exposure to nationally-recognized business and civic leaders, establish a community of support with past Fellows, are awarded $10,000 in financial support toward their work and participate in CIW, a weeklong ideas festival featuring world-class speakers and thinkers, October 17–23, 2016.
Since its inception in 2011, the BHSI Fellowship – created by philanthropists and entrepreneurs Leslie Bluhm and David Helfand – has awarded more than $500,000 to the Fellows through contributions and in-kind services.


text:
Adrianna Adarme
Snack on Seeded Granola
This granola recipe uses sesame seeds (white and black) and millet seeds. Continue
Prepare Peach Toasts for a Simple Summer Appetizer
Cover slices of bread with whipped goat cheese spread, prosciutto, grilled peaches and basil for an easy, timeless treat. Continue
Serve Grilled Asparagus with Raclette
Layer Raclette, a melty cheese, under a broiler for an easy Summer side dish. Continue
Toss Pasta in Asparagus Pesto
This asparagus variation on pesto is the Spring version of this sauce recipe. Continue
Make Cherry Spinach Salad for a Bright Meal
This cherry spinach salad recipe is perfect for those early summer days. It is sweet with a touch of tartness. Continue
Make Savoy Cabbage Shrimp Salad
This salad is very light, and the combination of scallions and japapeno add great flavor. Continue
Kick Up the Heat with Salsa Verde Enchiladas
These Mexican favorites are veggie-filled with sautéed summer squash and zucchini and corn. Continue
How to Make Rhubarb Compote
The bit of spice from the ginger, sweetness from the orange and fragrant vanilla bean all work wonders in a pot together. Continue


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- 440329 000000110 440329000000110
Sabian AA Series China Splash
8 in.
- Write a Review
Rapid, splashy response with bright, trashy edge. Can fit atop other cymbals....Read More
Earn up to 1,520 (2x) in bonus points today for this item!
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Rapid, splashy response with bright, trashy edge. Can fit atop other cymbals.
Reviewed by 8 customers
- Responsive Feel
- Subtle
- Sweet yet nasty tone
- None
Best Uses
- Jazz Clubs
- Percussion setups
- Recordings
- Small Venues
Comments about Sabian AA Series China Splash:
This is hands-down my favorite small cymbal of this kind.
- Bright Sound
- Explosive Attack
- Focused Crash
- Responsive Feel
Best Uses
- Jazz Clubs
- Small Venues
- Soundtracks
- Special Effect
Comments about Sabian AA Series China Splash:
This is a sweet little China Splash that really sounds like I hoped it would. Very bright splash with a china flavor. I play alot of PROG and I also have a 6",8",10",and 12" splashes that I use often. This cymbal is unique from all of them and I use it for that one little stand alone punctuation that I need at the end of a fill at a break or to punctuate the snare.
Comments about Sabian AA Series China Splash:
I have had other drum company's along with others of the sabian line and by far these are the best. These have that sweet sounding crisp china. Again that includes the sabian line. Great value. These are a worth while purchase
Comments about Sabian AA Series China Splash:
u do have to get some springs for this little china splash, but, when u do they sound amazing, i have the 8" and 10" china splashes next to my 12" china, they have a high pitched sound that seems to sound like a splash with the trashiness of a china, great for quick accents
Comments about Sabian AA Series China Splash:
I was surprised by its sound and how it reverberates. It sounded awesome. What sucks about it is you have to hit it really hard to get the sound you want, which is at risk of possibly cracking it, and nobody wants a cracked cymbal, unless they want that trash can sound in a song....? Also, the cymbal itself mutes too quickly andd gets to the point where it rings and doesn't distort in less than a second. Tat doesn't sound too great.Good price, good quality, but you need a little strength to get this one sounding like a cymbal instead of a triangle.
Comments about Sabian AA Series China Splash:
I just picked this up. Even though it may not sound as good when played alone without guitar, when you are playing with a band it totally rocks. I have a set of Zildjian ZBTs and even though those are not as high quality as the china splash they do sound good together. This splash sounds better when played slightly louder and harder, but no too hard. I play softer than most people I know, but I still think that this cymbal could take a beating. If you want a splash with a little trashier sound, but also something that can be used in different musical situations, this is for you.
Comments about Sabian AA Series China Splash:
Just got the 8" aa china splash and it sounds awsome! I use it in the middle of fills along with my 6" and 10" splashes. It's pretty loud and durable as well. this is a must have.
Comments about Sabian AA Series China Splash:
This cymbal is designed to fit any genre of music, whether it be rock or country, it is made with the player of all genres of music in mind. Two thumbs up, and keep making those good cymbals Sabian!


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Paul Afoko Embattled chairman of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) Paul Afoko has described media reports that he goes to court under heavy police and national security protection as "shameless and fabricated". Nana Yaw Osei, the spokesperson of the suspended chairman said in a statement: "These four tabloids have specialized …Read More »
IEA platform a "serious joke" – APC
Hassan Ayariga is the APC presidential candidate The All People's Congress (APC) has described the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) platform as a serious joke and irrelevant to the Ghanaian electorate. A statement signed by APC's General Secretary Razak Kojo Opoku said: "The platform of the IEA for the Presidential …Read More »
Montie 3 case: NDC footsoldiers march in protest of 4-month jail term
A group of NDC footsoldiers are hitting the streets today in protest of the Supreme Court sentencing of the Montie contemnors. Salifu Maase popularly known as 'Mugabe' of Montie FM was slapped with a four-month jail term with two others after being convicted in a contempt case. Alistair Nelson and …Read More »
Mills stopped us protesting 2004 election results – Anyidoho
Koku Anyidoho The Deputy General Secretary of the National Democratic Congress Koku Anyidoho has revealed that the late President John Evans Atta Mills prevented party members from protesting the 2004 election results. According to Mr. Anyidoho, majority of NDC footsoldiers and supporters wanted to hit the streets and "misbehave" after …Read More »
I have a solid relationship with Mahama – Anyidoho
Former Communications director at the Presidency Koku Anyidoho has described as "wicked lies" claims that he had a frosty relationship with President John Mahama when he was vice to the late Professor Mills. According to him, such "rumors" and "propaganda" were sustained by a section of the NDC who wanted …Read More »
Montie 3 case: Shocked NDC condemns "harsh" 4-month sentence
NDC national chairman Kofi Portuphy The ruling National Democratic Congress (NDC) has described the four-month jail term served on a pro-NDC station journalist Salifu Maase aka 'Mugabe' as "harsh and shocking." The party has also condemned the sentence, saying it will have a serious dent on Ghana's press freedom rankings. …Read More »
Nana Konadu takes her turn at IEA Encounter today
Nana Konadu Agyeman-Rawlings Former First Lady and Presidential Candidate of the National Democratic Party is expected to further explain why she should be allowed to lead this country when she takes her turn at the IEA Presidential encounter later today. Nana Konadu Agyemang Rawlings will be the first woman candidate …Read More »
NPP not focused for 2016 elections – Nyaho Tamakloe
A founding member of the New Patriotic Party (NPP), Dr. Nyaho Nyaho Tamakloe has stated that his party is not well focused for the upcoming general elections. In an interview on Asempa FM's Ekosii Sen programme Tuesday, the former GFA Chairman said he will be surprised if the party's presidential …Read More »
"Intelligent" Mahama is not incompetent – Nyaho Tamakloe
Dr. Nyaho Nyaho Tamakloe A staunch member of the New Patriotic Party (NPP), Dr. Nyaho Nyaho Tamakloe has dismissed claims by his party that President John Dramani Mahama is incompetent. According to the former Chairman of the Ghana Football Association, President Mahama is an intelligent young man with great love …Read More »
Don't jail Montie 3 – lawyer begs SC
The two radio panelists and the host cited for contempt will today know whether they will walk out of the Supreme Court free or be sent to jail. The Supreme Court cited the owners of the radio station and the two other panelists of the show for contempt. The two …Read More »


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The Church of England has used a meeting of global faith leaders and UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to launch an environmental strategy for the next seven years.
Dick Olver, head of the multinational arms company BAE Systems, will focus on ethics when delivering the Mountbatten Memorial Lecture next week. The news has been met with a mixture of derision and outrage.
The Accord Coalition says that the problem with schools admissions is not just people cheating, but policies which themselves discriminate, especially on grounds of religion or belief.
The Church of Scotland takes its climate change message onto the world stage tomorrow, as officials prepare to address Ban Ki-Moon, the UN Secretary General, and the Duke of Edinburgh.
A demonstration of Muslim hardliners calling for sharia law to be imposed in Britain was cancelled in London over the weekend amid planned counter-protests by democratic Muslims.
Christian Aid has welcomed the Foot Report on British offshore financial centres as a further sign that the UK is taking responsibility for its major role in the global problem of tax havens.
Campaigners are expected to rally in Plymouth today to demonstrate against plans for a nuclear waste plant in the city centre. The plant would store dismantled reactor components from the UK's nuclear submarines.
Campaigners for parliamentary reform are to condemn the "Parliament of the Living Dead" by dressing as zombies in a Halloween-themed protest. A "zombie walk" will include Parliament Square, Whitehall and Downing Street.
A new report about bisexual people in the workplace has triggered debate about wider recognition of bisexuality, leading to calls for churches, workplaces and other institutions not to ignore bisexuals.
A Rabbi and a Christian writer have added their voices to those from both religious and secular quarters calling for a change in admissions policies for faith schools, as the Supreme Court continues to deliberate on the JFS case.
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I Need Them to Jive! Elizabeth Berkley Reenacts Uh, Iconic? 'Saved By the Bell' Scene on 'Dancing with the Stars'
By Dustin Rowles | Videos | October 15, 2013 | Comments ()
Hey, hey, heyguys. Remember that time like, fourhundredyearsago that Jesse Spanolike got addicted to caffeinepills on SavedbytheBell, but she totallylike wouldn't admit it, even after Zachhaddiscoveredher secret stash, and Jesse was like, I'mfineI'mfineI'mfineI'mfine ALL RIGHT, LeavemealoneI'MJAZZED. INEEDTHEMTOJIVE. And then she triedtoprovethat the caffeinepills totallydidn't affect her by singing "I'm SO excited," buthenshe brokedown into hysterics, and she was like, Oh fuckohohfuckohfuckohfuckohfuck I'm soscaredmakethebad man go away and then shewaslike trust it thrust it trust it thrust it I like having nice breasts, and then Tony was like "Must be weird not having anybody to come on you."
So, they reenacted that scene on "Dancing with the Stars" last night, minus the part from Showgirls because they have to save something for next week.
Pajiba Love Express
Here's some Daveed Diggs for you. On Daveed Diggs' digs, actually. That man does things with clothes that should not make sense, but are absolutely perfect. (Go Fug Yourself)
Woody Allen has "so moved on" from his daughter's accusations and says he never even thinks about it. He equates her words about him to a bad review he won't read and comments on how wacky it is that Mia Farrow is his mother-in-law. He is the worst. (Celebitchy)
Not The Worst but still very gross: Leonardo DiCaprio and his
Here are 5 under-the-radar shows. I had never even heard of the first two. (Uproxx)


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Time for another input I feel:
Firstly, to those of you who may be feeling too much anger to experience what we're on about. It looks like some of us have tried the softly softly approach and its not getting through. This is fine, but it may require you to think about the following (its meant nicely, but coded in a certain way)...
"Listen crewman, you've got a fucking job to do. Stop whining on about the situation you were parachuted into, you're there because you're the best one for the job. You do not need an airlift, because you're not going to retreat, you are going to stand firm and fight for what you know is right. If you weren't needed to fix the problem or didn't want to, then you wouldn't be here. End of! If you don't like what you see, then do your job and change it. Gees, you're a highly trained specialist, so do what you were trained to do, take the anger, turn it into love and let rip. An equal and opposite reaction will cancel the prevailing energy wave. Oh and put down the fucking gun, what are you a fucking savage? No, you're a powerful, omni-dimensional being, who is loved by the source of everything, now fucking act like it!"
If we're in the same unit then there are two things you need to remember: 1) No one gets a free ride. 2) No one gets left behind.
Finally a few technical and command updates for you:
There's a 4d briefing coming up, you're welcome to join, but don't worry if you can't make it, as we'll be updating files for you to access as and when you need them.
Remember, its a quantum light operating system and you can program it by thought repetition. Essentially if you have one prevailing negative thought, then you need to consciously counteract it with your preferred outcome, this will tilt the balance of the whole system in your favour, provided that your request doesn't conflict with the nature of our environment (which is love). Also bear in mind that because its quantum, your outcome can often happen before you've even thought of it, so always check the past, as well as the future (you do need to think of it though, otherwise you won't recognise it).
3d existence to be destroyed? No, that's not how it works. You don't remove your foundations, just because you've built the first floor. 1d, 2d and 3d will always exist, even if you're not paying attention to them at a given point. Nothing is destroyed, only changed and the default of change is evolution, not revolution. So if you're seeing things as always repeating, then change your angle slightly and the circle becomes a spiral (the same applies to those just seeing the ups and downs of the wave) point of view is what its about and yours is always unique to you (its what makes you special).
Yesterday I was a 'Universal Technician'
Today I'm a 'Communications Relay'... apparently!
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Robots, drones fill police ranks
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Dennis Miller, "Any Vote for Anyone That is Not Trump Is a Vote for Hillary"
Protester shouting 'DNC Leak!' ejected from Hillary Rally
CNN ASKS BLACK TRUMP SUPPORTER The Wrong Question…They Get Slammed!
If Obama brings armed UN troops into American cities, that might be the next shot heard round the world.
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Churches in London
Browse 2,772 attractions, meet 138 travelers, 80 tour guides and discover 4,691 photos
Travelers are voting St Margaret's, Westminster Abbey and St Paul's Cathedral as the best of 267 churches in London. There are 78 churches in Aldbury a city just 60 km from London and 5 churches in Reading which is 68 km distant. The most popular of these are Waltham Abbey Church in Aldbury and St John's Church Ealing in Reading. You can find 359 Church in the country of United Kingdom and St Margaret's is our members favorite Church in all of United Kingdom. Want more? Check out our map of churches in London.
St Margaret'sPlaces To Visit ChurchesWestminster, London Region, EN, England
The Anglican church of St. Margaret, Westminster Abbey is situated in the grounds of Westminster Abbey on Parliament Square, and is the parish…
Westminster AbbeyPlaces To Visit ChurchesLondon, EN, England
The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, popularly known as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in the City of…
St Paul's CathedralPlaces To Visit ChurchesCity of London, London, England
St Paul's Cathedral, London, is a Church of England cathedral, the seat of the Bishop of London and mother church of the Diocese of London. It sits…
Waltham Abbey ChurchPlaces To Visit ChurchesEngland
The Abbey Church of Waltham Abbey has been a place of worship since at least 1030, and is in the town of Waltham Abbey, Essex, England. The…4
All Hallows-by-the-TowerPlaces To Visit ChurchesCity of London, London, England
All Hallows-by-the-Tower, also previously dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin and sometimes known as All Hallows Barking, is an ancient Anglican church…2
Worth St. Nicholas' ChurchPlaces To Visit ChurchesEngland
St Nicholas Church is a Church of England parish church in Worth, a village in Crawley, England. At one time it had the largest geographical parish…2
St Clement DanesPlaces To Visit ChurchesCity of Westminster, London, England
St Clement Danes is an Anglican church in the City of Westminster, London. It is situated outside the Royal Courts of Justice on the Strand.…2
St. Nicholas Cole AbbeyPlaces To Visit ChurchesLondon, EN, England
St. Nicholas Cole Abbey is a church in the City of London located on what is now Queen Victoria Street. Recorded from the twelfth century, the…2
Temple ChurchPlaces To Visit ChurchesCity of London, London, England
The Temple Church is a late-12th-century church in London located between Fleet Street and the River Thames, built for and by the Knights Templar as t…1
St George in the EastPlaces To Visit ChurchesLondon Borough of Tower Hamlets, London, England
St George in the East is an Anglican Church dedicated to Saint George and one of six Hawksmoor churches in London, England. It was built from…1


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Excuse Me While I Run Laps Around My Living Room While Clapping With Glee. More X-Men: Days Of Future Past News
By Jodi Clager | Trade News | November 29, 2012 | Comments ()
I've been lax in following the progress of the sequel to X-Men: First Class. I knew that they were using the Days of Future Past storyline and I was very excited about what that could mean about bringing back actors we liked from the Singer movies (Ian McKellen, Patrick Stewart) and actors we can just forget about (Halle Berry. Seriously. You suck.). So far we have the actors from First Class as well as OG Magneto and Professor X. Now it looks like we'll get Hugh Jackman's Wolverine in the deal as well.
If you don't know the Days of Future Past storyline, it deals with the X-Men failing to stop an assassination that leads to mutants being either murdered or captured and interred in camps. Future Kitty Pryde sends her mind back to past Kitty Pryde so that the Past X-Men can fix the future. Singer will have a couple of timelines to play with and young and old versions of the characters, which of course explains McKellen and Stewart.
This storyline also has me wondering if they'll keep key mutants intact. I'm hoping that Singer doesn't pull a Ratner and shove in so many mutants that he starts blending characters into one. Will Gambit get another shot on the big screen? I'm all for it as long as they get Josh Holloway to play him.
I'm also hoping Ellen Page returns as Kitty Pryde, even though she was only in The Sequel That Shall Not Be Named. Will we see Bishop? A new Rogue? What do you think? Which characters will Singer keep and who would you like to see in the role?
Pajiba Love Express
Here's some Daveed Diggs for you. On Daveed Diggs' digs, actually. That man does things with clothes that should not make sense, but are absolutely perfect. (Go Fug Yourself)
Woody Allen has "so moved on" from his daughter's accusations and says he never even thinks about it. He equates her words about him to a bad review he won't read and comments on how wacky it is that Mia Farrow is his mother-in-law. He is the worst. (Celebitchy)
Not The Worst but still very gross: Leonardo DiCaprio and his
Here are 5 under-the-radar shows. I had never even heard of the first two. (Uproxx)


text:
But in any case, repair is a two way process?
I mean that repair without –PR on node N1 will repair N1 and N2 and N3, because N2 is a replica of N1 range and N1 is a replica of N3 range?
And if there're more ranges, that not belongs to N1, that ranges and nodes will not be repaired?
Am I understood correctly, that "repair" with or without –PR is not a "repair selected node" process, but "synchronize data range(s) between replicas" process?
Single DC scenario:
With –PR: synchronize data for only primary data range of selected node between all nodes for that range (max number of nodes for the range = RF).
Without –PR: synchronize data for all data ranges of selected node (primary and replica) between all nodes of that ranges (max number of nodes for the ranges = RF*RF). Not effective since ranges overlaps, the same ranges will be synchronized more than once (max = RF times).
Multiple DC with 100% data range in each DC scenario: the same, only RF = sum of RF from all DC's.
Is that correct?
Finally – is this process for SSTables only, excluding memtables and hints?
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From: Sylvain Lebresne [mailto:email@example.com]
Sent: Tuesday, June 05, 2012 11:02
To: email@example.com
Subject: Re: nodetool repair -pr enough in this scenario?
On Tue, Jun 5, 2012 at 8:44 AM, Viktor Jevdokimov <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote:
Understand simple mechanics first, decide how to act later.
Without –PR there's no difference from which host to run repair, it runs for the whole 100% range, from start to end, the whole cluster, all nodes, at once.
That's not exactly true. A repair without -pr will repair all the ranges of the node on which repair is ran. So it will only repair the ranges that the node is a replica for. It will *not* repair the whole cluster (unless the replication factor is equal to the number of nodes in the cluster but that's a degenerate case). And hence it does matter on which host repair is run (it always matter, whether you use -pr or not).
In general you want to use repair without -pr in case where you want to repair a specific node. Typically, if a node was dead for a reasonably long time, you may want to run a repair (without -pr) on that specific node to have him catch up faster (faster that if you were only relying on read-repair and hinted-handoff).
For repairing a whole cluster, as is the case for the weekly scheduled repairs in the initial question, you want to use -rp. You *do not* want to use repair without -pr in that case. You do not because for that task using -pr is more efficient (and to be clear, not using -pr won't cause problems, but it does is less efficient).
With –PR it runs only for a primary range of a node you are running a repair.
Let say you have simple ring of 3 nodes with RF=2 and ranges (per node) N1=C-A, N2=A-B, N3=B-C (node tokens are N1=A, N2=B, N3=C). No rack, no DC aware.
So running repair with –PR on node N2 will only repair a range A-B, for which node N2 is a primary and N3 is a backup. N2 and N3 will synchronize A-B range one with other. For other ranges you need to run on other nodes.
Without –PR running on any node will repair all ranges, A-B, B-C, C-A. A node you run a repair without –PR is just a repair coordinator, so no difference, which one will be next time.
Best regards / Pagarbiai
Viktor Jevdokimov
Senior Developer
Email: email@example.com
Phone: +370 5 212 3063, Fax +370 5 261 0453
J. Jasinskio 16C, LT-01112 Vilnius, Lithuania
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From: David Daeschler [mailto:email@example.com]
Sent: Tuesday, June 05, 2012 08:59
To: email@example.com
Subject: nodetool repair -pr enough in this scenario?
Currently I have a 4 node cassandra cluster on CentOS64. I have been running nodetool repair (no -pr option) on a weekly schedule like:
Host1: Tue, Host2: Wed, Host3: Thu, Host4: Fri
In this scenario, if I were to add the -pr option, would this still be sufficient to prevent forgotten deletes and properly maintain consistency?
Thank you,
- David


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About This Game
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Bob has crashed on a strange planet, lost a bunch of parts for his ship, and worst of all, is late for work! Find the lost parts and rebuild Bob's ship along the way to solve challenging, physics-based puzzles in Bob Came in Pieces. You can build your ship any way you like in the ship builder -- try to find the coolest ship-design for the puzzle at hand!
Release Date: January 22, 2010
Genre: Puzzle
Publisher: Ludosity Interactive
Developer: Ludosity Interactive
- Minimum Requirements
- OS: Mac OS X 10.4.11 or later
- CPU: Intel Mac
- Memory: 1 GB System RAM
- Graphics: 128mb video RAM and Shader Model 2.0
- Hard Drive: 500mb or more free space
- Rebuild your ship any way You like.
- Find the lost parts and tools for Your ship -- You'll need them to solve puzzles!
- 25 Chapters of solid level design and clever puzzles
- Many hours of replayability, with secrets, Medals and more!
Bob Came in PiecesPublisher: Ludosity InteractiveRelease Date: January 22, 2010
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text: McDonald's Content on this page requires a newer version of Adobe Flash Player. Topping off our list is fast-food giant McDonald's ( MCD). With more than 33,500 locations in 119 countries, McDonald's is clearly the standard bearer in the quick service restaurant business. A few years ago, the McDonald's brand was tired. Challenged by an unhealthy image as the lowest rung on the restaurant ladder, McDonald's poured cash and effort into revamping its stores, adding healthier options, and upping its premium food offerings. While the Big Mac is still big business for McDonald's, it's now flanked by Angus burgers and McCafe drinks that can compete with anything a Starbucks (SBUX) barista can dish out. That new positioning proved prescient for MCD because it shored up the brand at the exact same time that swarms of consumers were trading down in their eating out. As a result, McDonald's was one of the few names that actually thrived during the recession. Financially, the firm is in stellar shape, bolstered by a business model unique among restaurant chains that has the MCD owning most of the land that franchised stores are built on. One result is that McDonald's generates plenty of cash -- enough to support a bigger dividend than the 70 cents Mickey D's currently pays. >>5 Huge Stocks Ready to Slingshot Higher Investors looking for a defensive core income holding can look no further than McDonald's. The timing is good too -- McDonald's is one of five Rocket Stocks that I talked about on July 23. McDonald's also shows up on a recent list of 5 Volatile Stocks to Buy More Of. Prev 1 of 6 Next


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Ex American Idol Contestant Says Show Is Rigged
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[quote:wingedlion/whiterider 738049:MV84NTE1MTVfMTMyMTY3NzZfMkYyNUU1Njg=] I voted no; I think that if the show had been rigged, then Adam Lambert, the favorite, would have won this year, but the "religious right" showed their voting power by storming the phone lines and voted for ...what's his name. Oh Yeah, I think his name is Chris something. No? Oh Well. [/quote]
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Some ousted season 8 American Idol top 36 semi-finalists--including Felicia Barton, Kendall Beard, and Ju'Not Joyner--participated in an online chat with the Idol website AI Now today. And during his frank online conversation with fans, Ju'Not came right out and said that the TV talent show is in fact rigged, and that its contracts are unfair to contestants.
"It's a fixed thing if I ever saw one," he boldly declared--much to the shock of many naive chatters, who responded with capslocked interjections and frowny-faced emoticons.
It was hardly the first time that AmIdol had been accused of wrongdoing. A book loosely based on anonymous former Idol employees' experiences with the show, Stage 46, made similar allegations last year. But few detractors have ever been as brutally honest as Ju'Not was today.
Ju'Not--who by his own account was labeled a "troublemaker" by Idol producers for questioning the contract (which he dubbed a "slavetract") that all auditioners are required by Fox/19 to sign, and was allegedly told by Idol bigwig Ken Warwick, "You're not going to ruin my show"--explained that he wanted to set the record straight today. He stated that he wanted to reveal "truth of Idol" because "Idol ain't all it is cracked up to be...It's certainly not the fairytale most think it is."
Ju'Not claimed he was cut from the competition, and not invited back for the Wild Card round (a shock to many viewers wowed by his memorable "Hey There Delilah" performance) because of his concerns regarding the fairness of the Idol contract.
"They pay for our lawyers to negotiate against their lawyer (which is BS)," he said. "They make us COLLECTIVELY choose the lawyer, then they act like it's in our best interest. Craziest stuff I've ever seen. I have a son to feed. I HAD to ask questions and know what I was signing. Plus I write my own songs and I needed to know details...Some folks were like, 'Just shut up and sign on the dotted line.' I know better than that...I wasn't complaining...I was asking basic legal questions. There's a huge difference between the two."
He continued: "I definitely believed that affected my time on the show. They didn't like the fact that I wouldn't sign 'just anything' and that other contestants were coming asking me questions. So I think they ousted me the first chance they could get...Even if I didn't get in on votes...how did I not get picked for the Wild Card show when I received comments from the 'judges' that were better than most of the contestants who were picked for the Wild Card show?"
Ju'Not also theorized that he was not selected for the top 13 because he refused to let the show's producers exploit his sympathetic "back story" of being from "the hood." Said Ju'Not: "They wanted me to put that out to the world and expose my personal business for ratings. I wouldn't do it."
While Ju'Not made it clear he believes Kris Allen is indeed talented and deserved to win this season, he also maintained that Kris's victory was fixed. "The producers know who they want and they slant it to reflect that. They fix it in a way that makes you surprised but it's still manipulated," he typed. "Think about it...ADAM, ADAM, ADAM, then...Kris....SURPRISE SMITHCHES!!!!
"What I mean is that people think AI is a talent show," he elaborated. "No. It's a reality show with writers!! We're all actors. All these shows have writers that guide the public opinion. The Hills, Real World. All of them." He even bluntly questioned the validity of the public's votes, saying, "Do you think a billion-dollar enterprise is subject to the whim of the public?"
Naturally, while some chat participants applauded Ju'Not's frankness, others questioned his motives, since few other Idol contestants have come forth with such accusations. Ju'Not explained: "No one else is complaining because a lot of the contestants don't understand how this business works. They've never had record deals or seen a record contract...I have. So I knew what questions to ask. It's kinda like ignorance is bliss. Some contestants may have thought it was just cool to be on TV, but this is my career. I take this thing VERY seriously...Very few people spoke up. They saw me as the ringleader. I'm not naming names. Because I have nothing against the other Idols."
So, was Ju'Not speaking the truth? If so, then he is to be commended for his bravery. But it's possible he was just trying to drum up publicity for the "hot" new album he's self-releasing this winter, in which case he's a typical showbiz opportunist. Or maybe he's just a bitter reject, desperately angling for a 16th minute of fame and dreaming of what might have been. All of this is up for debate.
But there is no debate that Ju'Not is, as he worded it today, "a straight-up person." He definitely went there.
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