text:
At the North American Leaders Summit on Wednesday, Mexico, Canada and the United States pledged to generate 50 percent of their energy from clean sources by 2025. The joint commitment by the three countries, according to White House Adviser Brian Deese, is "an aggressive goal" but one that is "achievable continent-wide."
"The Paris Agreement was a turning point for our planet, representing unprecedented accord on the urgent need to take action to combat climate change through innovation and deployment of low-carbon solutions," the leaders said in a statement. "North America has the capacity, resources and the moral imperative to show strong leadership building on the Paris Agreement and promoting its early entry into force. We recognize that our highly integrated economies and energy systems afford a tremendous opportunity to harness growth in our continuing transition to a clean energy economy. Our actions to align climate and energy policies will protect human health and help level the playing field for our businesses, households, and workers."
Last year, 32 percent of North America's overall power came from clean energy sources. The White House cited renewable energy, nuclear plants, and carbon capture and storage technology as possible avenues to achieving the 50 percent goal in the next nine years. In addition, measures will be taken to reduce greenhouse gases in the economies of the three countries through deployment of clean vehicles in government fleets, conduct research to accelerate clean energy innovation, support cross-border transmission projects, and examine adding more renewables to the power grid with a joint study of renewables opportunities and impacts
Mexico will join Canada and the United States in reducing methane emissions by 40 to 45 percent by 2025. Reduction strategies are planned for the agricultural and waste management sectors.
Could Brexit Complicate EU Effort on Paris Agreement?
Although the full effects of the United Kingdom's decision, last week, to leave the European Union (EU)—the so-called Brexit—are still unclear, some think it could have far-reaching effects on Europe's commitment to last year's landmark Paris climate agreement to hold the global average temperature increase to "well below" 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The impending departure of the EU's second largest emitter and a leading advocate of increased EU ambition ahead of the Paris Agreement complicates Brussels' plan to divide up the EU's pledge to cut emissions at least 40 percent compared with 1990 levels by 2030 (subscription). The United Kingdom would have contributed significantly to meeting that pledge—under a 2008 domestic law it is on a pathway to cut its emissions 57 percent by 2030.
Assuming the United Kingdom stays in the Paris Agreement, its contribution would likely be based on its Climate Change Act. To abandon its current emissions reductions commitments would mean repealing the act.
For now, the United Kingdom remains a supporter of the Paris Agreement, and in the short term no changes are slated in its domestic emissions reduction targets for 2030 and 2050. But the United Nations says that, once the United Kingdom leaves the EU, a "recalibration" of the Paris Agreement will be necessary.
"While I think the U.K's role in dealing with a warming planet may have been made harder by the decision last Thursday, our commitment to dealing with it has not gone away," said Amber Rudd, Britain's Energy Secretary. "Climate change has not been downgraded as a threat. It remains one of the most serious long-term risks to our economic and national security."
Studies Find Pink Snow Contributing to Climate Change; Humans Changing Vegetation Growth
A study in the journal Nature Communications links the pink-hued snow in higher altitudes in the Arctic to climate-change-related increases in algae blooms that are causing melting in the region at an unprecedented pace. The presence of red algae reduces the snow's ability to reflect light instead of absorbing it as heat (albedo), reducing albedo by as much as 13 percent in one season.
"The algae need liquid water in order to bloom," said the University of Leeds' Stefanie Lutz, lead author of the study. "Therefore the melting of snow and ice surfaces controls the abundance of the algae. The more melting, the more algae. With temperatures rising globally, the snow algae phenomenon will likely also increase leading to an even higher bio-albedo effect."
It is unclear how widespread these algae blooms can become, but based on her observations, Lutz said "a conservative estimate would be 50 percent of the snow surface on a glacier [will be covered by the algae] at the end of a melt season."
A separate study by NASA, which analyzed more than 87,000 satellite images, found extensive greening of land in Canada and Alaska while these area's Boreal regions were browning as a result of climate change.
"Whereas temperature limited tundra regions have almost ubiquitously increased productivity with warming temperatures … trees in the boreal system do not respond well to high temperatures," said Scott Goetz, deputy director and senior scientist at the Woods Hole Research Center. "It's not what most people typically think of as drought, related to soil moisture, but the effect is the same. Boreal trees are like living organisms anywhere, they will do what they need to do to survive… It's all finely tuned by centuries of evolutionary adaptation."
New research in the journal Nature Climate Change statistically attributes these changes human causes.
"Our findings reveal that the observed greening record is consistent with an assumption of anthropogenic forcings, where greenhouse gases play a dominant role, but is not consistent with simulations that include only natural forcings and internal climate variability," the authors write.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
A new report that provides a long-term view of the evolution of the world's power markets suggests that by 2027 building new wind and solar will become cheaper than running existing coal and gas generators in many parts of the world. Between 2016 and 2040, Bloomberg New Energy Finance's New Energy Outlook projects that $7.8 trillion will be invested in renewables globally.
"One conclusion that may surprise is that our forecast shows no golden age for gas, except in North America," said report co-author Elana Giannakopoulou. "As a global generation source, gas will be overtaken by renewables in 2027. It will be 2037 before renewables overtake coal."
The energy sector, which accounts for two-thirds of greenhouse gas emissions, will not change quickly enough to meet the Paris Agreement's target for limiting global temperatures to "well below" 2 degrees Celsius below pre-industrial levels. According to the report, to meet this target, leaders must invest $13.1 trillion—$5.3 trillion more than the $7.8 trillion expected to be invested in renewables by 2040. This will presumably require further changes in technology and policy to increase the uptake of new low carbon investment to meet that target.
What happens with fossil fuel emissions, it says, will largely depend on choices made by the Asia-Pacific region that's forecast to see major growth in wind, solar and coal.
By 2040, the study suggests energy storage market will be valued at $250 billion or more as battery costs are projected to fall and storage deployment rises. Utility-scale batteries are projected to become widespread in little more than a decade.
Greenland Ice Melt Points to Warming Feedback Loop
As news emerged that Arctic sea ice extent hit a record low in May, a study published in Nature Communications provided evidence that links melting ice in Greenland to so-called Arctic amplification or faster warming of the Arctic than the rest of the Northern Hemisphere as sea ice disappears. The study revealed that changing temperatures at the poles driven by global warming have the potential to affect the jet stream, causing it to bend further north than usual.
"If loss of sea ice is driving changes in the jet stream, the jet stream is changing Greenland, and this, in turn, has an impact on the Arctic system as well as the climate," said lead author Marco Tedesco, a research professor at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. "It's a system, it is strongly interconnected and we have to approach it as such."
During July 2015, according to the study, a "cutoff high"—a relatively immobile region of high pressure—allowed sunny conditions to be sustained for many days over northwest Greenland, producing record melting there. The study suggests that the high was linked with a record-breaking northward departure of the mid-latitude jet stream, which is thought to result from the jet stream's slowing due to a reduction in the temperature difference between polar latitudes and more temperate regions.
According to study co-author Edward Hanna, an earth scientist at the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom, these cut-off highs are becoming more prevalent in the Arctic, and they may be here to stay because of climate change.
Record Temps Continue in May
Analysis by NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies showed that Earth experienced its hottest May on record—1.67 degrees Fahrenheit above the 1951–1980 average. The data, according to the Daily Mail, showed 370 straight months of warm or warmer-than-average temperatures worldwide.
David Carlson, director of the U.N.'s World Climate Research Program, expressed concern about the records: "We are in uncharted territory. Exceptionally high temperatures. Ice melt rates in March and May that we don't normally see until July. Once-in-a-generation rainfall events. The super El Nino is only partly to blame. Abnormal is the new normal."
Analysis from the Japan Meteorological Agency showed May to be only the second warmest on record.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
The Great Barrier Reef, which last year narrowly avoided being put on the World Heritage endangered list, is experiencing its worst bleaching in recorded history. According to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, overall mortality of the reef is 22 percent, but along Lizard Island, off far north Queensland, it's 93 percent. Coral bleaching is also occurring along the Maldives, Thailand, and Christmas Island.
By year's end, what the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has designated the third global coral bleaching in less than two decades, and the longest and most severe so far, will have killed 12,000 square kilometers of reefs and affected more than a third of the world's corals.
Satellite data produced for The Guardian by Mark Eakin, head of NOAA's Coral Reef Watch, reveals the increasingly widespread impact of ocean temperature increases on the Great Barrier Reef, where bleaching is predicted to become an annual event by 2020.
"While there was a considerable amount of variability—from El Niños and other things—there was an obvious upward trend in the data," Eakin said. "So you're looking at the background warming, which is having a major effect on the corals."
Although coral bleaching is thought to result largely from abnormally high sea temperatures that kill marine algae crucial for coral health, a study published Tuesday in Nature Communications and based on a three-year experiment on a coral reef in the Florida Keys nuances that understanding. Its authors say that widespread coral deaths observed in recent decades are being caused by a combination of multiple local stressors that become lethal in the presence of higher temperatures.
"This makes it clear there's no single force that's causing such widespread coral deaths," said study co-author Rebecca Vega Thurber of Oregon State University. "Loss of fish that help remove algae, or the addition of excess nutrients like those in fertilizers, can cause algal growth on reefs. This changes the normal microbiota of corals to become more pathogenic, and all of these problems reach critical levels as ocean temperatures warm."
United States and India Announce Climate and Energy Agreements
On Tuesday, following a meeting with President Obama partly focused on climate change and energy, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said his country, the world's third-largest greenhouse gases producer, would ratify the Paris Agreement this year. The action is considered a key step in cementing the deal, which goes into effect 30 days after 55 nations representing 55 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions ratify it. To date, countries representing approximately 50 percent of global emissions have announced that they will submit legal documentation of their compliance with the deal, under which more than 190 nations agreed to keep global warming to within 2 degrees Celsius of pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit warming to 1.5 Celsius.
"Both leaders feel as if the collaboration between the two leaders was an important element of actually getting Paris successfully negotiated last December," said Brian Deese, President Obama's top climate change advisor. "They will both clearly endorse the importance of promoting full implementation of the Paris agreement."
President Obama indicated that the speed with which the agreement could be brought into force would depend in part on securing "the climate financing that's necessary for India to be able to embark on a bold vision for solar energy and clean energy" laid out by Modi.
Among the other climate and energy agreements the countries announced was a joint effort to adopt, this year, an amendment to the Montreal Protocol on the use of hydrofluorocarbons (subscription). That amendment would increase financial support to the protocol's multilateral fund and contain an "aggressive phasedown schedule" for the potent greenhouse gas.
According to a White House fact sheet, other joint efforts include a $40 million program to provide capital for solar projects and a $20 million clean energy finance initiative.
India also agreed to a low greenhouse gas emissions development strategy.
Ontario Unveils Climate Plan with Carbon Market Funding
Yesterday, Ontario announced its climate change action plan for reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 80 percent from 1990 levels by 2050 and explained how that plan will work with its recently adopted carbon market, which it plans to link with that of California and Quebec in 2018.
According to the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, the action plan helps define how market proceeds will be spent. "By law, proceeds must be invested in projects and programs that help reduce greenhouse gas pollution," said the ministry.
Most of the action plan's C$8.3 billion in planned spending on combatting climate change will come from the annual C$1.9 billion that the government expects to raise by auctioning greenhouse gas emissions credits.
Canada's four most populous provinces—representing 86 percent of Canadians—have, or are introducing carbon pricing, either through a carbon tax or a cap-and-trade program aimed at emissions reductions.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
Yellowstone National Park, Venice, Jordan's Wadi Rum, and Easter Island's Rapa Nui National Park are some of the 31 natural and cultural World Heritage sites in 29 countries that are threatened by climate change according to a new report released by UNESCO, the United Nations Environment Program and the Union of Concerned Scientists. Melting glaciers, rising seas, increasing wildfires and harsher droughts could severely diminish the value of protected sites, making them unsuitable for a World Heritage designation, the report says. Climate change could eventually cause some of the sites to lose their status.
Also at risk, according to the report, is local economic development in the areas near world heritage sites. Specifically, the tourism sector is vulnerable to loss and damage to assets and attractions as well as to increasing insurance costs and safety concerns.
"The fastest growing risk to World Heritage, and one of the most under-reported by the countries that are parties to the World Heritage convention, is from climate change," said Adam Markham, deputy director of the Climate and Energy Program at the Union of Concerned Scientists. He pointed out that climate change brings not only direct impacts but "acts as a 'risk multiplier,'" compounding local stresses such as urbanization, agricultural expansion and pollution.
In the Galapagos Islands, threats to wildlife from tourism, invasive species and illegal fishing are exacerbated by rising seas and warming and more acidic oceans. At Stonehenge, warmer winters will likely increase numbers of burrowing animals that could undermine archaeological deposits and destabilize stonework.
"Globally, we need to better understand, monitor and address climate change threats to World Heritage sites," said Mechtild Rössler, director of UNESCO's World Heritage Centre. "As the report's findings underscore, achieving the Paris Agreement's goal of limiting global temperature rise to a level well below 2 degrees Celsius is vitally important to protecting our World Heritage for current and future generations."
Ocean Current Affecting Temperatures in Antarctica
A new study in the journal Nature Geoscience suggests that ocean currents are slowing the warming effects on Antarctica as Arctic ice melts on the other side of the world. Warm waters in Gulf Stream cool as they flow into the North Atlantic, then sink for centuries before surfacing off the coast of Antarctica.
"With rising carbon dioxide you would expect more warming at both poles, but we only see it at one of the poles, so something else must be going on," said Kyle Armour, lead author and University of Washington assistant professor. "We show that it's for really simple reasons, and the ocean currents are the hero here."
Old, deep water that's coming up to the surface all around Antarctica—water that hasn't come into contact with the atmosphere or experienced climate change in hundreds of years—is behind the drastic differences in the continent's water temperature.
Using drifting floats—known as the Argo array—and climate models, the study authors tracked heat. They found that nearly 68 percent of the heat taken up by the southernmost parts of the Southern Ocean was carried north.
A separate study in the journal Remote Sensing of the Environment also attributes ocean currents, in part, to increasing Antarctica temperatures and sea ice growth. It suggests that the Southern Ocean Circumpolar current prevents warmer water from reaching the continent and that icy winds help the formation of sea ice persist.
Record Renewable Investment by Developing Countries in 2015
For the first time, emerging economies spent more on renewable energy than developed economies, according to the Renewables Global Status report prepared by the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21). In 2015, developing countries invested $156 billion in renewables—a 19 percent increase from the previous year.
"What is truly remarkable about these results is that they were achieved at a time when fossil fuel prices were at historic lows, and renewables remained at a significant disadvantage in terms of government subsidies," said Christine Lins, REN21's executive secretary.
By the end of 2015, countries around the world had installed a record annual total of 147 gigawatts of renewable generating capacity—enough to meet 23.7 percent of global electricity demand. China was the leader in renewables investment, followed by the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom and India.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
A new study published in the journal Nature is drawing attention to the effect of warming water on the world's largest ice mass, Totten Glacier in East Antarctica. Melting of the glacier, which has an ice catchment area bigger than California, could lift oceans at least two meters (6.56 feet). According to researchers who mapped the shape of the ice sheet as well as the thickness of rocks and sediments beneath it to examine the historical characteristic of erosion of Totten's advances and retreats, unabated climate change could cause the glacier to enter an irreversible and rapid retreat within the next century.
"While traditional models haven't suggested this glacier can collapse, more recent models have," said study co-author Alan Aitken of the University of Western Australia. "We confirm that collapse has happened in the past, and is likely to happen again if we pass a tipping point, which would occur if we had between 3 and 6 degrees of warming above present."
Aitken said that the Totten Glacier could ultimately account for nearly 15 percent of Antarctica's total contribution to sea-level rise.
Satellite measurements from a previous study show that the glacier is thinning at a rate of about half a meter per year—a thinning that is most likely due to warm ocean water moving under and melting the glacier's floating front. A retreat of another 100–150 kilometers (62–93 miles) may cause that front to sit on an unstable bed, triggering the Antarctic ice to shrink by 300 kilometers (186 miles).
"The evidence coming together is painting a picture of East Antarctica being much more vulnerable to a warming environment than we thought," said study co-author Martin Siegert of Imperial College London. "This is something we should worry about."
Index Suggests Increase, Acceleration of Carbon Dioxide Levels
The latest Annual Greenhouse Gas Index released by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) shows that carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are not just rising but accelerating and that the level of methane, another potent greenhouse gas, rose sharply last year. The index, which compares global greenhouse gas emissions to pre-industrial revolution levels, suggests that warming capacity has increased 37 percent since 1990.
"We're dialing up Earth's thermostat in a way that will lock more heat into the ocean and atmosphere for thousands of years," said Jim Butler, director of NOAA's Global Monitoring Division.
According to the latest index, the global average carbon dioxide concentration for 2015 reached 399 parts per million (ppm), far above the 278 ppm just prior to the Industrial Revolution and a record increase of 3 ppm compared to the year previous.
Following on the heels of that news, NOAA and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) reported that last month was the hottest April on record. According to the World Meteorological Organization, April marked the 12th consecutive month of global temperature records, the longest such streak since global record-taking began in 1880.
EPA Proposes Rise in Biofuel Targets
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed an increase in the amount of corn-based ethanol and biofuels that must be blended into the nation's fuel supply in 2017. The new targets call for 18.8 billion gallons of biofuels, up 4 percent from 2016 but far less than the 24 billion-gallon biofuel target that lawmakers established in a 2007 statute.
The reason for the lower-than-mandated target, EPA says, is lack of infrastructure to blend ethanol into gasoline as well as the cellulosic biofuel industry's slow development and marketplace constraints, such as lower gasoline and diesel demand than Congress envisioned in 2007.
Nevertheless, acting assistant administrator for EPA's Office of Air and Radiation Janet McCabe said that the Obama administration is "committed to keeping the [biofuels mandate] on track, spurring continued growth in biofuel production and use, and achieving the climate and energy independence benefits that Congress envisioned from this program."
Under the renewable fuel standard (RFS), the proposed rule sets the 2017 renewable volume obligations (RVOs) for cellulosic biofuel at 312 million gallons and the advanced biofuel RVO at 4 billion, and it sets the 2018 RVO for biomass-based diesel at 2.1 billion gallons.
The proposed volumes would represent growth over historic levels. Between 2016 and 2017, total renewable fuel volumes are expected to increase by nearly 700 million gallons and advanced renewable fuels, which require 50 percent reductions in life-cycle carbon emission, by nearly 400 million gallons.
The proposed volumes are subject to public comment through July 11, and a public hearing is scheduled June 9. The EPA has until Nov. 30 to finalize the 2017 quotas.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
Editor's Note: Dec. 7–11 we will present a series of special issues of The Climate Post featuring updates on climate negotiations and commentary from our staff in Paris.
At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris, world leaders on Monday suggested that stakes are too high to end negotiations on Dec. 11 without inking a climate deal that would limit global warming to two degrees Celsius over preindustrial levels—the U.N.-declared threshold for avoiding the most dangerous climate change impacts.
NPR reports that observers hope the deal will include three main items: agreement by countries to increase pledges in the future, a rigorous system of accountability to ensure nations keep those pledges, and support for poor countries to adopt low-carbon energy technologies.
A major sticking point for delegates of the nearly 200 countries meeting at the conference is the legal status of the treaty they hope to ink.
The Commonwealth and Europe have called for a deal to be legally binding. But the United States is looking to make only some aspects of it legally binding.
"Although the targets themselves may not have the force of treaties, the process, the procedures that ensure transparency and periodic reviews, that needs to be legally binding," President Obama said in Paris. "…that's going to be critical."
Countries Pledge Financing for Clean Energy, Withdraw It for Coal
Another key negotiating point in Paris will be whether developing countries get enough financing to make the transition to clean energy worth it given the comparative cheapness of coal. In an announcement intended to give the U.N. climate talks momentum, the leaders of 19 nations, including the United States and many developing economies, on Monday pledged a doubling of clean energy spending to $20 billion in a deal with 28 corporate leaders (the so-called Breakthrough Energy Coalition spearheaded by Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates) who are putting up billions of their own (subscription).
According to a White House e-mail, the public component of the public-private agreement, known as Mission Innovation, is aimed at helping energy technologies "cross the investment 'valley of death'" presented by their risk profiles and long return time horizons.
Brian Deese, White House climate adviser, said that Mission Innovation "should help to send a strong signal that the world is committed to helping to try to mobilize the resources necessary to ensure that countries around the world can deploy clean energy solutions in cost-effective ways."
In an editorial for the Boston Globe, U.S. Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz wrote that Mission Innovation and the Breakthrough Energy Coalition are "synergistic initiatives that establish clean energy innovation as a foundation for environmental stewardship, prosperity, security and social responsibility. Strong American leadership in these initiatives has provided a tremendous global leveraging opportunity, and innovation has remained common ground in our political discourse."
Three questions raised by the initiatives are whether a multinational research effort combining public and private investments could entail intellectual property problems, how much of the newly pledged money might represent formerly pledged funding, and whether the future funding will be approved in national budgets.
In the lead up to the Paris talks, some of the countries that just committed financial support for clean energy signed on to a deal to severely cut funding for some prospective coal projects. A promise by China to control its support for high-carbon projects overseas—part of its most recent climate agreement with the United States—allowed Japan and the United States to develop a proposal that last month became a less stringent agreement by members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to curb public financing for coal plants (subscription). Under the policy, which goes into effect in 2017 and will be up for revision in four years, OECD countries will continue to provide export credits for "ultra-supercritical" coal-fired power plants—those constructed to meet the most stringent environmental standards—but public financing for 85 percent of coal plants going forward would effectively be cut off. The agreement does allow support for less efficient plants with a capacity under 500 megawatts in the world's poorest countries.
House Votes to Block Power Plant Rules
The House approved, largely along party lines, to block the Obama administration's measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from power plants. The House voted 242–180 to repeal the Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Power Plan, which would limit carbon emissions from existing power plants, and 235–188 to block EPA rules governing emissions from new power plants. The votes come just weeks after the Senate passed legislation blocking U.S. Environmental Protection Agency rules that apply to new and existing power plants.
The resolutions now go to President Obama, who last month announced plans to veto them, claiming that they undermine public health protections of the Clean Air Act and "stop critical U.S. efforts to reduce dangerous carbon pollution from power plants."
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
The recent publication of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Clean Power Plan in the Federal Register triggered the filing of lawsuits by dozens of states in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, along with other challenges, including a petition from a U.S. Chamber of Commerce-led industry coalition for a rule review and an immediate stay of the regulation. By Monday, 26 states, 15 trade groups, several labor unions, and a host of individual utilities and companies were suing the administration over the Clean Power Plan. By Tuesday, members in both the House and the Senate introduced Congressional Review Act resolutions to stop them (subscription)—resolutions described by The National Journal as "a bid to undermine international climate talks."
Clean Power Plan critics—among them attorney generals from West Virginia (Patrick Morrisey) and Texas (Ken Paxton), who are leading the states' legal challenge—allege that the state-by-state targets aimed at cutting carbon dioxide emissions from power plants 32 percent from 2005 levels by 2030 represent a federal overreach and will hike utility rates and undercut grid reliability.
"The Clean Power Plan is one of the most far-reaching energy regulations in this nation's history," said Morrisey. "EPA claims to have sweeping power to enact such regulations based on a rarely used provision of the Clean Air Act, but such legal authority simply does not exist." But the EPA and many environmental groups contend that the federal government does have the legal authority to curb power plant emissions, and The Huffington Post noted that in the past the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled in the EPA's favor.
"The power plan is based on a sound legal and technical foundation," said Acting Assistant Administrator for the EPA's Office of Air and Radiation Janet McCabe. "We feel strongly that given our authorities and legal precedents under the Clean Air Act that our application of [Section] 111(d) here conforms with those authorities and that legal precedent."
As part of its efforts to help states figure out how to implement the regulation, the EPA last week released a memorandum to regional EPA directors that lays out elements to be included in initial plan submittals to the EPA in September, should states desire to extend their deadline for final plan submittals to 2018.
Even while challenging the Clean Power Plan, some states are simultaneously thinking about developing compliance strategies, which could include creation of carbon-trading plans that allow big polluters to buy emissions credits from lesser emitters.
Also published in the Federal Register last week was the final rule regulating carbon dioxide for new, modified, and reconstructed power plants and the proposed federal implementation plan. That plan—to be imposed on states that fail to submit a compliance plan to the EPA—will be the subject of public hearings in November and a 90-day comment period ending January 21.
Draft Climate Deal Text Sent to Paris
On Friday diplomats endorsed the outlines of a proposed global climate deal to be negotiated starting Nov. 30 in Paris. The hope is to come to an agreement— by the summit's conclusion on Dec.11—that limits warming to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels to avoid the most significant effects of climate change. U.N. Climate Chief Christina Figueres said this week that based on some 150 plans submitted thus far, diplomats could only hope to limit warming to just below 3 degrees.
Even when talks start next month, countries that produce 92 percent of greenhouse gases in the world are expected to have submitted national plans. If fully implemented, they would hold temperature rise by the end of the century to 2.7 degrees Celsius.
"There's nobody out there that wants a 3 degree world," said Figueres. "Nobody. We are not giving up on a 2 degree world. In fact, we're staying under 2 degrees. And what we're doing is we are building a process that is going to get us there."
But the goal will have to be met without a global carbon price, Figueres said, which could help create an incentive for power plants operators to switch to clean energy.
"[Many have said] we need a carbon price and [investment] would be so much easier with a carbon price, but life is much more complex than that," she said. "…it's not quite what we will have."
There will be—and are—many pricing mechanisms in place around the globe. Many U.S. states are expected to develop trading-ready plans to meet the mandates laid out by the Clean Power Plan.
Report Finds New Highs in Store for Persian Gulf
A new Nature Climate Change study finds that climate change could render some cities in the Persian Gulf too hot for humans to live in—without mitigation measures.
"Our results expose a regional hotspot where climate change, in the absence of significant mitigation, is likely to severely impact human habitability in the future," authors write.
It predicts that a 95-degree wet-bulb temperature—the indicator of humidity that matches the temperature of our skin when we sweat—is too hot for extended periods of time. And that temperature could be exceeded in summer months in certain parts of the region.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
Most countries have now submitted emissions plans ahead of the Paris climate talks later this year, but success in forging a global treaty in Paris is far from guaranteed. Delegations from nearly 200 countries are meeting this week in Bonn, Germany, to pin down details of a draft agreement ahead of the U.N. talks. On the opening day, the dropping of language on financing of climate change and adaptation efforts from the draft text caused concern on the part of developing nations. After countries were invited to reinsert language, the text grew by more than a dozen pages (subscription).
Daniel Reifsnyder, one of the U.N. talks' chairmen and a senior State Department official, said the Bonn meeting won't resolve one of the biggest issues of disagreement for delegates—differentiation of developed countries and developing countries' responsibilities. Progress might be made on other issues, he said, such as "whether there should be a precondition—like submitting a domestic climate plan to the U.N.—to join the agreement and to exercise decision-making rights."
Looking for a strong outcome at the Paris talks are 81 U.S. companies. On Monday, the White House announced that 68 companies—ranging from banks to energy firms—had joined Alcoa, Apple, Bank of America, Berkshire Hathaway Energy, and nine other original signatories to the White House-sponsored American Business Act on Climate Pledge. Signatories to the pledge, announced this summer, call for the Paris meeting to advance climate action and have offered up individual promises to cut their greenhouse gases and limit waste.
"Delaying action on climate change will be costly in economic and human terms, while accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy will produce multiple benefits with regard to sustainable economic growth, public health, resilience to natural disasters, and the health of the global environment," the pledge says.
The White House also said on Monday that it expects a consortium of major investors to announce $1.2 billion in investment capital for companies and projects that can "produce impactful and profitable solutions to climate change."
Study: Some Cities Already "Sunk" Due to Sea-Level Rise
Some 400 U.S. towns and cities with a collective population of more than 20 million are vulnerable to sea level rise—and some of them may be submerged regardless of efforts to address climate change, according to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that links carbon dioxide to sea level rise. A new map from Climate Central uses the study data to show how water will flow into U.S. cities under the best and worst climate change scenarios. The map pinpoints which U.S. cities may face "lock-in dates beyond which the cumulative effects of carbon emissions likely commit them to long-term sea-level rise that could submerge land under more than half of the city's population."
Lead study author Ben Strauss said that seas could rise 14–32 feet by 2100 in the absence of unchecked carbon emissions but that even with stringent emissions reduction action, it might already be too late for cities like New Orleans and Miami (subscription). Inundation could occur, he said, as soon as the next century, but it could take much longer.
The study finds that decisions made in this century will determine whether Jacksonville, Norfolk, Sacramento, and 11 other U.S. cities with populations greater than 100,000 will be locked in for inundation of at least half of their populated areas.
Strauss emphasized that many cities can be saved with swift action to reduce carbon emissions.
"The most interesting thing to me is there are a great deal of cities where our carbon choices make a huge difference," he said. "For example, if you look at Philadelphia, under business as usual, land that accounts for more than 100,000 people could be submerged. But you divide that total by 10 with an extreme carbon cut. The very biggest difference of all is for New York City, where you can avoid submergence of land where one and a half million people live."
September Global Average Temperature Keeps 2015 on Track for Record
Earth is on course to experience its warmest year on record, according to data and patterns studied by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). NASA put 2015's record-breaking chances at 93 percent. NOAA put them at 97 percent.
The news comes as a JMA data set that tracks global average surface temperatures indicated a big jump in temperatures in September, compared to the 1981–2010 average. September 2015, the second warmest September on record, had a temperature anomaly of 0.50 degrees Celsius, far exceeding the typical margin by which global average temperature records—whether they're months or years—are set.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
Four of the five candidates mentioned climate change a dozen times as a major campaign issue during at the Democratic presidential debates this week. Candidates at the Republican debate were largely silent on the issue.
"This debate shows that climate has become a central issue, right up there with income inequality and broader economic concerns," said Paul Bledsoe, a climate official under the Clinton administration. "It's a stunning evolution, one that also shows Democrats see climate change has a profound GOP vulnerability in the general election."
Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders and former Maryland Gov. Martin O'Malley touted their own efforts to combat climate change. "I'm the only candidate, I believe, in either party to do this—to move America forward to a 100 percent clean electric grid by 2050," said O'Malley.
Sanders brought up his push for legislation that puts a price on carbon, and he identified climate change as the main threat for the country—repeating Pope Francis's message that it was a moral issue.
"The scientific community is telling us: if we do not address the global crisis of climate change, transform our energy system away from fossil fuels to sustainable energy, the planet that we're going to be leaving our kids and our grandchildren may well not be inhabitable," Sanders said.
Hillary Clinton, meanwhile, saw climate change as an economic opportunity.
"I've traveled across our country over the last months listening and learning," Clinton said. "And I've put forward specific plans about how we're going to create more good-paying jobs: by investing in infrastructure and clean energy, by making it possible once again to invest in science and research, and taking the opportunity posed by climate change to grow our economy."
Group Calls for Tougher Action on Climate Change
Twenty countries most at risk of climate change due to arid, landlocked, mountainous, or low lying terrain have formed a new group to demand tougher efforts to curb climate change. The Vulnerable 20 (V20), which held its inaugural meeting in Lima, Peru, last week, is calling for significant mobilization of finance for climate action ahead of a climate agreement set to be negotiated in Paris later this year, and it will share and scale up its own members' innovative approaches to such finance.
The action plan by the V20 countries—Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Barbados, Bhutan, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Kiribati, Madagascar, Maldives, Nepal, Philippines, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Tanzania, East Timor, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Vietnam—seeks to "strengthen economic and financial cooperation and action to address climate change risks and opportunities" as well as to promote a shift to a low-carbon global economy.
The V20 contributes only 2 percent of all global greenhouse gas emissions but asserts that since 2010 it has recorded more than 50,000 annual deaths and suffered an estimated annual decrease in GDP of 2.5 percent attributable to climate change.
"We established this group recognizing the power and potential of finance as an integral tool in solving [climate change]," Cesar Purisima, the Philippines' finance minister and chair of the V20. "Unified in our vulnerability, the economic threats and difficulties arising from climate change, and heightened sense of urgency on the issue, we stand together on the front lines of a battle we most certainly cannot afford to lose."
V20 expects to both raise and manage climate monies, and it will establish a public-private "climate risk pooling mechanism," an insurance-like fund for recovery from extreme weather events and disasters.
Without an effective global response, said Purisima, the V20's annual economic losses due to climate change would exceed $400 billion by 2030.
New York Set to Explore Linkage with Carbon Markets
Last Friday, New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo announced four major actions by his state to combat climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One is becoming a signatory to Under 2 MOU—a memorandum of understanding among states, provinces, and cities worldwide to help keep Earth's average temperature increase to less than 2 degrees Celsius, as measured against pre-industrial levels. Another is engaging partners in the nine-state Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) in exploring the possibility of linking their power sector-only cap-and-trade program with California and Quebec's economy-wide carbon markets and with Ontario's cap-and-trade program, which may join California, Washington, and Quebec in the Western Climate Initiative as soon as 2017.
"Connecting these markets would be more cost-effective and stable, thereby supporting clean energy and driving international carbon emission reductions," a release stated. "New York State will also engage other states and provinces to build a broader carbon market and further drive an international discussion that encourages government action on carbon emissions."
ClimateWire reported that carbon trading among states is considered a key mechanism to comply with the Clean Power Plan, which regulates greenhouse gas emissions from existing power plants, and acting EPA air chief Janet McCabe has said that interstate trading, for which RGGI is regarded as a model, could help states maintain an affordable and reliable power supply (subscription).
RGGI members are expected to meet through 2016 to discuss both the future of their program, currently slated to end in 2020, and the program's use as a possible compliance mechanism for the Clean Power Plan.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.
On his visit to Washington last week, Chinese president Xi Jinping announced that his country, the world's biggest carbon polluter, will launch a national cap-and-trade scheme in 2017. The move would make China the world's biggest carbon market and could strengthen global efforts to put a price on carbon.
The planned emissions trading program will consolidate China's seven existing regional carbon markets and cover industries not currently regulated for carbon in the United States: iron and steel, chemicals, building materials, and paper manufacturing.
China has yet to announce specifics of its cap-and-trade plan, which will face political and technical challenges. "The devil of course is in the details," said Timmons Roberts, a professor of environmental studies at Brown University. "It really does matter what the actual cap is." He added that limits leading to a pre-2030 emissions peak would be a huge move.
Frank Jotzo, the director of the Center for Climate Economics and Policy at the Australian National University in Canberra and a close tracker of developments in China said the national emissions trading scheme will have a major signaling effect. "The world's second-largest economy puts in place a price on carbon emissions, and this will be noted the world over," he said. "If successful, it can grow into playing a major role in facilitating China's objectives for a cleaner energy and industrial system."
Jinping's announcement occasioned this ironic observation in The Atlantic in reference to Republicans' rejection of a cap-and-trade proposal in Obama's first term, which led to enactment of climate control policy through regulation of the electric power industry in the form of the Clean Power Plan: "China, the largest self-avowedly communist nation in the world, has created a market to reduce its carbon emissions. And the U.S., the anchor of global capitalism, will limit them through government command-and-control."
China also made a substantial financial commitment to help poor countries fight climate change—$3.1 billion.
U.N. Sustainable Development Goals Adopted
The United Nations General Assembly agreed to 17 new sustainable development goals, which expand on the eight Millennium Development Goals. The new goals are broken down into 169 specific targets each country has committed to achieve over the next 15 years. They focus on everything from eradicating extreme poverty and climate change to providing energy access for all.
Goal 7 is to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. Two targets to put the world on this path are to increase the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix and to double the rate of improvement of energy efficiency by 2030.
World Energy Council Secretary General Christoph Frei welcomed the agreement on the goals. "The adoption of energy among sustainable development goals is timely, critical, and historic," he said. "Timely because we need to master the energy transition at a time of greatest uncertainty in the energy sector. Critical because we will not solve energy access or achieve energy efficiency objectives without moving the agenda from those who want to those who can. Historic because the development community for the first time recognizes the fundamental role energy is playing in the achievement of most of the other sustainable development goals."
Goal 13 is to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. A few targets to get there—integrate climate change measure into national policies, strategies and planning as well as advance the Green Climate Fund—requiring developed countries to follow through on commitments to provide $100 billion by 2020 to aid developing nations' efforts to adapt and mitigate climate-related disasters.
With the adoption of the 17 goals, attention now turns to the U.N. climate negotiations in Paris—where member states hope to adopt a global climate agreement. In a CNN editorial, U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon, said all could take a lesson from Pope Francis's message on climate change.
"Pope Francis, in his recent encyclical, clearly articulated that climate change is a moral issue, and one of the principal challenges facing humanity," said Ban Ki-Moon, mentioning the Pope's recent visit to the U.S. where he address the U.N. and Congress. "He rightly cited the solid scientific consensus showing significant warming of the climate system, with the most global warming in recent decades mainly a result of human activity."
Shell Suspends Arctic Drilling
Royal Dutch Shell suspended its search for oil and gas off the coast of Alaska for the "foreseeable future," saying that Arctic oil reserves were insufficient and that the regulatory environment was too unpredictable to continue.
"Shell continues to see important exploration potential in the basin, and the area is likely to ultimately be of strategic importance to Alaska and the U.S.," said Marvin Odum, president of Shell USA. "However, this is a clearly disappointing exploration outcome for this part of the basin."
Although the decision was celebrated by some environmental activists who had protested Shell's decision to drill offshore, it should give people on both sides pause, Mike LeVine of Oceana told U.S. News and World Report.
"Meaningful action to address climate change is almost certainly going to mean we can't keep looking for oil in remote and expensive places," he said. "Rather than investing in programs like this, we need to figure out how to transition away from fossil fuels and toward sustainable energy."
Alaska House of Representatives member Ben Nageak told the Associated Press that the state must act quickly to find another source to fill its 800-mile trans-Alaska oil pipeline.
"We stood on the cusp of another economic boom that could have propelled our young people and their children to better futures," Nageak said. But "a draconian and poisoned federal government" shut it down.
The Climate Post offers a rundown of the week in climate and energy news. It is produced each Thursday by Duke University's Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions.


text:
Double Tap! 10 Fun Summer Finds That Will Make Your Instagrams Pop
19 Photos That Prove Celebrities Are Normal Like Us
50+ Reasons We Love Michelle Obama
4 Ways to Find Inner Peace Without Doing Yoga
Watch this Little Baseball Player's Heartwarming Reaction To His Birthday Surprise
Samira Wiley Joins The Cast Of New Hulu Series 'The Handmaid's Tale'
Major Key! Fantasia's All-Black Ensemble Sets NYC Streets Ablaze
Prosecutors Drop All Charges Against Remaining Officers In Freddie Gray Case
Mariah Carey Opens Up About Divorce, James Packer And Reality Show
Michael B. Jordan's 'Black Panther' Character Has Finally Been Revealed
T.I. On Trump: "I Don't Believe Any Lives Matter To Him"
What's it like being the first African-American FLOTUS? Michelle Obama shares: https://t.co/zZm8o3l8OV https://t.co/7HCzThg4b3
Guess which #Empire star is set to star in BET's New Edition biopic: https://t.co/YKdiBcMUOA https://t.co/clQRUqFN2P
So we're still salty @Usher traveled to Cuba and didn't invite us: https://t.co/CyXgQi8flb https://t.co/C4Wrx3aZNV
Here\xe2\x80\x99s what it\xe2\x80\x99s really like to be @Beyonce\xe2\x80\x99s backup dancer. https://t.co/ANVP4wSQjs https://t.co/bhNcvMvh2q

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Please, check back in to learn more about upcoming Train the Trainers opportunities. Announcements on future workshops coming soon.
For any questions about Train the Trainers workshops, please contact the WGO Executive Secretariat office.
WGO Executive Secretariat
555 East Wells Street, Suite 1100
Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA
Tel: +1 (414) 918-9798
Fax: +1 (414) 276-3349
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
WGO would like to thank the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) for their continued support.


text:
You Must Employ Professional Mixing Tanks When You Want Effective And Consistent Outcomes
Picture a famous chef seeking to produce a culinary work of art intended to be provided to heads regarding state employing poor quality not to mention undependable machines found within a second-hand shop. This is just about what you will have any time you make an effort to produce a dependable quality associated with final product employing a stainless steel mixing tank that's anything apart from one made by White Mountain Process. It does not make any difference if you're making cosmetics, pharmaceuticals or possibly food products - in order to routinely attain superb results, you have got to work with the top poly mixing tanks available.
When contemplating mixing tanks, specifications are going to be mandated via your objective. Stuff like amounts, content, the potential for deterioration as well as storage space must be brought in the formulation. In many if not virtually all cases, poly tanks present positive aspects over metal ones. For instance, they are seamless. They cost considerably less to provide as well as to send, weigh less and therefore are conveniently cleansed. Also, they are user friendly and to install, and they also last virtually forever. Some tanks are able to be autoclaved. Poly tanks are not going to rust, tend to be resistant against impact, non-reactive to chemicals, tend to be not too expensive to ship and they are able to also be used when needed as storage tanks.


text:
181 Articles by: Jeff Moag
Safer Paddling Series, Episode 8: Calling For Help
The first seven episodes of our Safer Paddling Series have focused on how to saty out of trouble. Kayak instructors Paul and Kate Kuthe show you how to call for help in the event that you need assista[...]
Safer Paddling Series, Episode 7: What if I Flip?
Kayakers have a saying: We're all between swims. Here paddling instructors Paul and Kate Kuthe show you how to get back in your kayak if you capsive. This is Episode 7 in our Safer Paddling Series.
Safer Paddling Episode 6: Traffic Rules for Paddlers
Harbors and marinas have plenty of protected water to explore, and can be great places to launch a small boat. With all sorts of activities from boats big and small, there are lots of interesting thin[...]
Safer Paddling Series: Plan Your Trip
We all want to get out there and start having fun. But a little bit of trip planning can really help you avoid mishaps and make your day much safer and more enjoyable. It's never a good idea to [...]
A Copper River Cruise
How embarrassing it would be to collide with a bear on one of the largest rivers in North America?
Carry-on Adventures Episode 4: Venice from the Canals
The final episode of Carry-On Adventures powered by Expedia documents a light and fast paddling tour of Venice, Italy to, from, and through its storied canals.
Safer Paddling Series: Basic Strokes
You need to do three basic things in your boat: go forward in a straight line, stop or go backwards, and turn. There's a stroke for all three.
Safer Paddling Series: Gear Essentials
Kayak instructors Kate and Paul Kuthe share a simple equipment checklist that experienced paddlers run through every time they go paddling.
Safer Paddling Series: What to Wear
To stay safe and comfortable, it's important to dress for the water temperature, not just the air temperature. Kayak instructors Paul and Kate Kuthe discuss how to dress for a paddling trip in Episode[...]
¡Pura Vida! — Sea Kayaking Costa Rica
A sea kayaking adventure in Costa Rica's Golfo Dulce lives up to the local saying — pure life!


text:
Looking to save money? Then rent your textbooks from Alibris. We offer low prices, flexible rental terms, and free shipping!
Get cash back by selling your textbooks through Alibris. Our program is as easy as 1-2-3 and offers super competitive prices.
See how much other students are saving on textbooks today.
As one of the premier rare book sites on the Internet, Alibris has thousands of rare books, first editions, and signed books available.
With one of the largest book inventories in the world, find the book you are looking for. To help, we provided some of our favorites.
With an active marketplace of over 175 million items, use the Alibris Advanced Search Page to find any item you are looking for.
Through the Advanced Search Page, you can find items by searching specific terms such as Title, Author, Subject, ISBN, etc or you can narrow your focus using our amazing set of criteria parameters.
Use the Alibris Advanced Search Page to narrow your search criteria and find your item!
From new releases to oldies, discover your next favorite album and artist!
Like Classical Music? So does Alibris. See one of the largest collections of Classical Music around.
Through the Advanced Search, you can find items by searching specific terms such as Title, Artist, Song Title, Genre, etc or you can narrow your focus using our amazing set of criteria parameters.
Thousands of movies and TV shows to satisfy any movie buff.
Through the Advanced Search, you can find items by searching specific terms such as Title, Director, Actor, Genre, etc or you can narrow your focus using our amazing set of criteria parameters.
Millions of books available with some of the lowest prices you will find online.
Find the items displaying the free shipping icon. Add $49+ into your cart and your items ship for free!
Get exclusive access to all of our latest deals and coupons. Changes daily.
Bargain hunters rejoice! Alibris has millions of books at amazingly low prices.
Log in or register with UNiDAYS® to redeem an exclusive student discount.
Come back each month to discover new genres and titles through the Alibris seasonal guide.
Love shopping on Alibris? Share your stories and reviews with other customers!
Can't get enough about books, music, and movies? Check out these wonderful and insightful posts from our editors
Search for your favorite author and through the power of IBM Watson
Sign up for an exclusive coupon good on your next order.
By signing up you enjoy subscriber-only access to the latest news,
personalized book picks and special offers, delivered right to your inbox.
We never share your information and you can unsubscribe at any time.
The Middle Man is the first of a 3 part series. It's simply a survival guide for corporate warriors who happen to have landed somewhere in the organizational middle between Senior Leadership and the Workforce. Miller believes people remember things five ways; - Visual presentation - Personal experience - Participation in successful experiences - ...
Read More
The Middle Man is the first of a 3 part series. It's simply a survival guide for corporate warriors who happen to have landed somewhere in the organizational middle between Senior Leadership and the Workforce. Miller believes people remember things five ways; - Visual presentation - Personal experience - Participation in successful experiences - Participation in disastrous experiences - and last, but not least, a good old fashioned story. Included within are tools and theory to support you in your pledge to move your company forward. The tools covered in this part of the series are the "Initiative Quadrant" and "The Onion." The "Initiative Quadrant" is a work / project readiness and leadership communication tool which presents senior leadership and the workforce with a single page representation of business value, risks and costs associated with all current and planned initiatives within the organization. The "Onion" is a easy to use and administer staffing methodology which helps management and senior leadership understand the nuts and bolts of supporting all products within your portfolio. These tools help to constantly and consistently answer questions that keep your organization fit and prepared for supporting your organization in abundant or lean times alike; What are all our folks working on, and why? Are our operational and capital budgets being spent on the right initiatives? Are the teams working on competitive and absolutely necessary initiatives? Are our staffing levels right to support these initiatives as well as current solutions? Miller's years of experience in the technology field, and over a quarter century of management responsibility in large international companies, combined with his down to earth story telling abilities, help us to understand how to continually deliver solid business support. His methodologies will help guarantee alignment of "the right folks" working on "the right initiatives" to keep your company ahead of the competitive tsunami.
Read Less
2012, Outskirts Press
Trade paperback,
Trade paperback,
Very Good
Ohio Valley Goodwill
Trade paperback,
Las Vegas,
Paperbackshop International
Outskirts Press
Trade paperback,
+ $3.99 shipping
Shipping Options:
Standard Shipping: $3.99
Trackable Expedited: $7.99
*You will be able to select a shipping option during Checkout. Shipping costs can vary based on destination.
Sold by
Ships from
Contact the seller.
Seller's Description
Good. Connecting readers with great books since 1972. Used books may not include companion materials, some shelf wear, may contain highlighting/notes, and may not include cd-rom or access codes. Customer service is our top priority!
Trade paperback,
Very Good
Ships from
Very Good. Inscription on cover page, rest clean and very nice.
Trade paperback,
Trackable Expedited: $7.99
Two Day Air: $14.99
One Day Air: $19.99
Ships from
New. Trade paperback (US). Glued binding. 112 p.
Ships from
Las Vegas,
New. Trade paperback (US). Glued binding. 112 p. Contains: Illustrations, black & white.
Ships from
PLEASE NOTE, WE DO NOT SHIP TO DENMARK. New Book. Shipped from UK in 4 to 14 days. Established seller since 2000. Please note we cannot offer an expedited shipping service from the UK.
Trade paperback
Lucky you. Be the first to review this item!
The Interrogators: Inside the Secret War Against Al Qaeda
Starting at $0.99
Proven Whitetail Tactics
The Hudson River: A Great American Treasure
Starting at $7.14
Bowhunting Forests & Deep Woods
Starting at $9.98
Subscribe now for coupons, newsletters, and more!
Let's Get Social
Terms of Use |
Privacy Policy |
Recommendations by Simularity |
Copyright © 1998 - 2016 Alibris. All rights reserved.
Alibris, the Alibris logo, and Alibris.com are registered trademarks of Alibris, Inc.
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited, Baker & Taylor, Inc., or by their respective licensors, or by the publishers, or by their respective licensors. For personal use only. All rights reserved. All rights in images of books or other publications are reserved by the original copyright holders.


text:
Gwinn attractions are listed below. Find things to do in or near Gwinn, MI for your upcoming individual or group travel for Gwinn visitors. We also offer the great discounts on Gwinn Michigan hotel and motel rooms.
Enter your stay dates and any discounts you qualify for to see Gwinn, MI rates found only on HotelPlanner!


text:
Crowne Plaza Edinburgh - Royal Terrace, Edinburgh
- Free breakfast and free WiFi
Main amenities
- Restaurant and bar/lounge
- Indoor pool
- Nightclub
- Health club
- Self parking
- Spa services
- Terrace
- Daily housekeeping
- Garden
- Meeting rooms
- Multilingual staff
- Wedding services
For families
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Private bathroom
- Free toiletries
- Garden
- Terrace
What's around
- In New Town
- Edinburgh Playhouse Theatre (0.4 mi / 0.6 km)
- Palace of Holyroodhouse (0.6 mi / 0.9 km)
- Calton Hill (0.3 mi / 0.5 km)
- Scottish Parliament (0.6 mi / 1 km)
- Arthur's Seat (0.7 mi / 1.1 km)
Crowne Plaza Edinburgh - Royal Terrace, Edinburgh
Hotel Info: 866-539-8117from $108
- Room, 2 Single Beds, Non Smoking
- Room, 1 King Bed
- Standard Twin / Double
- Deluxe Room, 1 King Bed
- Standard Single
- Club Room, 1 King Bed
- Deluxe Room
- Club Room, 1 Queen Bed
- Club Room, 1 Queen Bed, Non Smoking
- Room, Non Smoking
- Standard Room
- Room, 1 Double Bed
- Club Room, 2 Double Beds
- Room, 2 Double Beds
Also popular with travelers from the USA
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 1 room
- This hotel is arranged over 5 floors
- Check-in time 2:00 PM-7:00 PM
- Check-out time is 11:00 AM
Required at check in
- Credit card or cash deposit required
- Government-issued photo ID required
- Minimum check-in age is 18
Travelling with others
- Pets not allowed (service dogs only)
- Free WiFi and wired Internet access in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- No parking
- Self parking *
Other information
- Smoke-free property
Nearby Four Star Edinburgh hotels
In the hotel
- Free breakfast
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- 24-hour room service
- Indoor pool
- Fitness facilities
- Spa services on site
- Sauna
- Nightclub
- Health club
- Meeting rooms 3
- Conference space size (feet) - 1872
- Conference space size (meters) - 174
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Wedding services
- Multilingual staff
- Porter/bellhop
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Garden
- Terrace
In the room
- Minibar
- Bathrobes
- Iron/ironing board
- Private bathroom
- Shower/tub combination
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Pay movies
- Satellite TV channels
- Desk
- Free newspaper
- Free WiFi
- Free local calls
- Daily housekeeping
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
Top Edinburgh hotels
Recently reviewed hotels in Edinburgh
- Cairnie Cottage B&BFrom
"Quiet, close to St Andrew's, home and grounds immaculate "Jun 18, 2016
- Spylaw Bank HouseFrom
"Could have stayed longer,but had to move on to join our tour. David ,the host was wonderful and very accommodating. A very Charming house"Jun 17, 2016
- The Chester ResidenceFrom
"Not a hotel, not a B&B; rather, staying here is like having an amazing, very large apartment in a great part of town. The accommodations are first class, spacious, clean, modern…"Jun 17, 2016
- Hotel du Vin & Bistro EdinburghFrom
"Couldn't have picked a better hotel, great location, just far enough away from the city center that you can walk everywhere. The staff was nice and upgraded us since we were…"Jun 17, 2016
Nearby hotels
Special features
DiningTerrace Restaurant - Overlooking the garden, this restaurant specializes in local cuisine and serves dinner only. Guests can enjoy alfresco dining (weather permitting).
The Lounge Bar - This lobby lounge specializes in local cuisine and serves light fare only.
Crowne Plaza Edinburgh - Royal Terrace, Edinburgh's small print
Also known as
- Crowne Plaza Edinburgh Royal
- Royal Terrace Crowne Plaza
- Crowne Plaza Edinburgh - Royal Terrace Scotland
- Hotel Royal Terrace
- Royal Terrace Hotel Edinburgh
- Crowne Plaza Edinburgh Royal Terrace Hotel
- Crowne Plaza Royal Terrace
- Royal Terrace Edinburgh
- Crowne Plaza Edinburgh Royal Terrace
- Crowne Plaza Royal Terrace Edinburgh
- Crowne Plaza Royal Terrace Hotel
- Crowne Plaza Royal Terrace Hotel Edinburgh
- Crowne Plaza Terrace Edinburgh
- Edinburgh Crowne Plaza Royal Terrace
- Edinburgh Royal Terrace
- Edinburgh Royal Terrace Crowne Plaza
The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation.
Optional extras
Self parking costs GBP 0 per night
We have included all charges provided to us by this hotel. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Recent reviews
Excellent 4.1 /5 from 114 reviews
you are greeted well, friendly staff, very attentive. this was our second stay with this hotel and we love it.
For the positive - the hotel reception was very friendly and helpful, and the hotel was clean and in good condition overall. For the rest - I was disappointed by the room size, and the bathroom was tiny (compared to other places I've stayed in Edinburgh). The WiFi was terrible (I could see it from my room, but too slow even for email). There was climate control, but changing the temperature didn't seem to do anything. The hotel is also located further away from restaurants, and a little isolated compared to other hotels in Edinburgh. I'm sure the hotel has better rooms, but if you book through Hotels.com, you may end up with a similar room.
Great hotel, professional concierge and good breakfast! Location and historic beauty are a big plus!
It's located in a nice quiet area although it's not that close to the "main drag". The room was nice, clean & spacious but the bathroom was in the small side. Hotel staff were nice & accomodating. Breakfast buffet service was not great & they ran out of food @ 8:45 which took a while to refill, including juices. Internet connection was mediocre.
The hotel itsel;f was wonderful, clean and comfortable. The food was al;so good, but the location was a little ways away from shops and restaurants. That is my onoly complaint.
Is the description of this hotel not correct? Tell us


text:
Wholesale distribution of exceptional quality tile, stone and sundry items. Currently servicing the East Coast through our network of independent dealers.
Imported and Domestic Porcelain Tile, Stone, Glass, Mosaics and Sundry Items
Residential, Commercial and Showroom Installations
Take a closer look inside the family of Arley Wholesale...
Experience the interactive catalog that is revolutionizing the tile industry...
From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to thank all of our dedicated employees, outstanding vendors, and loyal Arley customers for making this year's Arley Tile and Stone Expo the best one ye
It is with great pleasure that we announce the most recent promotion within the Arley family. Territory Manager Ed Donley was recently named the Regional Vice President for the Mid Atlantic.
You're Invited!
Join us for the highly anticipated launch of the Escape Collection by Sylvie Atanasio (the creative genius behind Studio S tile).


text:
Specify name up to 10 characters
Jelly Belly®See more info below for flavor assortment
Food-safe, diecut cellophane bags are great for Halloween treats and party favors. 5-1/2" x 9" tall.
Set of 20
Invitations: 4-1/4" x 5-1/2"; specify name for line 1 up to 10 characters, and party info on lines 2–7 up to 24 characters.
Round Labels: 3-1/4" dia.; specify name up to 10 characters.
Treat Bag Toppers: 2-1/4" x 7"W; specify name up to 10 characters
Specify name up to 12 characters


text:
------Nancy B.
I sew with 4 Brothers and a Featherweight
Babylock Serger
Meters of fabric sewn for 2016
January - six
I wear my sort of clothes to save me the trouble of deciding which clothes to wear
Katherine Hepburn
------"TOL machines = Too (much) Operator Learning"--poorpigling, January, 2016
------my shield and my very great reward ~ Gen. 15:1
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
"Some people are so poor, the only thing they have is money." ~ Seen on a t-shirt worn by a young missionary in India
* Advertising and soliciting is strictly prohibited on PatternReview.com. If you find a post which is not in agreement with our Terms and Conditions, please click on the Report Post button to report it.
Class Details
by: Kathhhhhy
by: La Bobine
Online Classes
Sewing Machines
Sign Up
Shop Now
Merchant Gallery
Conditions of Use | Posting Guidelines | Privacy Policy | Shipping Rates | Returns & Refunds | Contact Us | About | New To PR | Advertising
Copyright © 2016 PatternReview.com® , OSATech, Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
Super Ubi Land name change revealed following Ubisoft complaint
Super Ubi Land developer Notion Games has changed the title of its incoming Wii U eShop game, following a complaint from Ubisoft.
It's now called Super Ubie Land, as confirmed by the studio's Twitter feed.
It's not a massive change, but Ubisoft is reportedly happy with the result. Drinks all round then.
Thanks Nintendo Life.
Sometimes we include links to online retail stores. If you click on one and make a purchase we may receive a small commission. For more information, go here.


text:
This is your resource to discuss support topics with your peers, and learn from each other.
i have PhoneGap app which is working in android and iphone platfrom. but when i check this app with blackberry Z10, pages are flickering from one page to another page, full screen page will load properly and blink ones,
so i am not getting is it a coding issuse....? or else the blackberry Z10 native web kit (Browser) not supporting, becuse the app is working fine in other BlackBerry smart phones.
Please let me know why its happening only with blackberry Z10.
thanks in advance
Umesh lakka