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Buyer personas help you understand your audience and develop targeted, successful content marketing campaigns.
Via Thomas Faltin
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Buyer personas help you understand your audience and develop targeted, successful content marketing campaigns.
Via Thomas Faltin
Content is king. If you've been in marketing at all in the last few years, you've heard this mantra over and over again. The funny part is that it wasn't always true, even when many were trying to say it was.
sophiedesc's insight:
"52% of consumers say blogs have impacted purchase decisions."
>> Without inbound links, social signals, microformats, and citations, the content itself is nothing more than a pile sheet metal that can't do anything.
If you've ever read a post, book or eBook, or listened to a webinar or conference session on the topic of 'finding readers for your blog' you'll have heard the advice: 'Leave comments on other blogs.
This post is an attempt to give you some advice on how to leave comments effectively and what to avoid.
sophiedesc's insight:
Useful advice to read before leavin comments on blogs:
7 benefits, 1 challenge, 4 types of commenters.
Cision ranks Top 50 Product Review Blogs using its Media Database and Digital Reach, as well as inbound links.Bonus: product review blogs are notoriously PR-friendly!"
sophiedesc's insight:
Looking for some gift ideas for christmas - or for PR-friendly blogs for your new product reviews?
This listing might be useful :)
Content creation isn't just about the meat of what you're writing. Consider the first thing the potential reader sees: the headline.
sophiedesc's insight:
Great tips by marketingland.com to find the perfect headlines:
track & test, understand and adapt to your audience, be creative and engage conversation with your target!
+ Keep in mind some headline types examples:
> The News Story
> The Value Prop
> The CTA
> The How-To
The Content Marketing Institute (CMI) and MarketingProfs are excited to publish our third annual research results: The 2013 B2B Content Marketing Benchmarks, Budgets and Trends – North America, sponsored by Brightcove.
sophiedesc's insight:
> B2B Marketers considers Events, Case Studies, Webinars and Blogs as the most effective Content Marketing Tactics !
Here are the detailed stats included in this report:91% of B2B marketers use content marketing
Breakdown of B2B Content Marketing Tactics in Use:87% of B2B content marketers us social media (other than blogs)83% of B2B content marketers use articles on their website78% of B2B content marketers use eNewsletters77% of B2B content marketers use blogs71% of B2B content marketers use case studies70% of B2B content marketers use videos70% of B2B content marketers use articles on other websites69% of B2B content marketers use in-person events61% of B2B content marketers use white papers59% of B2B content marketers use webinars or webcasts44% of B2B content marketers use research reports40% of B2B content marketers use micro sites38% of B2B content marketers use infographics38% of B2B content marketers use branded content tools33% of B2B content marketers use mobile content32% of B2B content marketers use eBooks31% of B2B content marketers use print magazines29% of B2B content marketers use books28% of B2B content marketers use virtual conferences27% of B2B content marketers use podcasts26% of B2B content marketers use licensed or syndicated content26% of B2B content marketers use mobile apps25% of B2B content marketers use digital magazines24% of B2B content marketers use print newsletters11% of B2B content marketers use games or gamification
B2B Content Marketing Tactics Usage Trends:Use of research reports has risen from 25% in 2011 to 44% in 2012Use of video has risen from 52% in 2011 to 70% in 2012Use of mobile content has risen from 15% in 2011 to 33% in 2012Use of virtual conferences has risen from 10% in 2011 to 28% in 2012
Most Effective Tactics:67% of B2B marketers rate in-person events as the most effective content marketing tactic64% of B2B marketers rate case studies as the most effective content marketing tactic61% of B2B marketers rate webinars or webcasts as the most effective content marketing tactic59% of B2B marketers rate blogs as the most effective content marketing tactic58% of B2B marketers rate videos as the most effective content marketing tactic58% of B2B marketers rate newsletters as the most effective content marketing tactic57% of B2B marketers rate research reports as the most effective content marketing tactic57% of B2B marketers rate white papers as the most effective content marketing tactic55% of B2B marketers rate eBooks as the most effective content marketing tactic53% of B2B marketers rate articles on website as the most effective content marketing tactic50% of B2B marketers rate articles on other websites as the most effective content marketing tactic50% of B2B marketers rate microsites as the most effective content marketing tactic49% of B2B marketers rate social media effective or very effective as a content marketing tactic
Content Distribution and Promotion:87% of B2B marketers use social media to distribute content, up from 74% in 2011B2B marketers use an average of 5 social media sites to distribute content83% of B2B marketers use LinkedIn to distribute content80% of B2B marketers use Twitter to distribute content80% of B2B marketers use Facebook to distribute content61% of B2B marketers use YouTube to distribute content39% of B2B marketers use Google+ to distribute content26% of B2B marketers use Pinterest to distribute content23% of B2B marketers use Slideshare to distribute content12% of B2B marketers use Vimeo to distribute content10% of B2B marketers use Flickr to distribute content10% of B2B marketers use StumbleUpon to distribute content7% of B2B marketers use Instagram to distribute content7% of B2B marketers use Tumblr to distribute content6% of B2B marketers use Quora to distribute content
Organizational Goals:79% of B2B marketers use content marketing to achieve brand awareness goals74% of B2B marketers use content marketing to achieve customer acquisition goals71% of B2B marketers use content marketing to achieve lead generation goals64% of B2B marketers use content marketing to achieve customer retention and loyalty goals64% of B2B marketers use content marketing to achieve thought leadership goals63% of B2B marketers use content marketing to achieve engagement goals60% of B2B marketers use content marketing to achieve website traffic goals45% of B2B marketers use content marketing to achieve lead nurturing goals43% of B2B marketers use content marketing to achieve sales goals
B2B Content Marketing Measurement:60% of B2B marketers use web traffic to measure effectiveness of content marketing51% of B2B marketers use sales lead quality to measure effectiveness of content marketing45% of B2B marketers use social media sharing to measure effectiveness of content marketing43% of B2B marketers use sales quantity to measure effectiveness of content marketing41% of B2B marketers use direct sales to measure effectiveness of content marketing41% of B2B marketers use qualitative feedback from customers to measure effectiveness of content marketing41% of B2B marketers use SEO ranking to measure effectiveness of content marketing39% of B2B marketers use time spent on website to measure effectiveness of content marketing35% of B2B marketers use inbound links to measure effectiveness of content marketing26% of B2B marketers use benchmark lift of company awareness to measure effectiveness of content marketing24% of B2B marketers use increased customer loyalty to measure effectiveness of content marketing22% of B2B marketers use benchmark lift of product/service awareness to measure effectiveness of content marketing13% of B2B marketers use cross-selling to measure effectiveness of content marketing5% of B2B marketers use cost savings to measure effectiveness of content marketing
B2B Content Marketing Budgets:54% of B2B marketers will increase their spend on content marketing over the next 12 months34% of B2B marketers spend on content marketing over the next 12 months will remain the same2% of B2B marketers spend on content marketing over the next 12 months will decreaseContent Marketing Budgets:33% of B2B marketing budgets are now allocated to content marketingCompanies with fewer than 10 employees allocate 42% of their marketing budget to content marketingCompanies with over 1,000 employees allocate 24% of their marketing budget to content marketing
Content Creation In-House and Outsourcing:56% of B2B marketers create content in-house exclusively, an increase of 18% over 20111% of B2B marketers outsource all content creation and 43% use a combination of in-house and outsourced content creation65% of large companies outsource content creation and 44% overall outsource B2B content creation91% of B2B content marketers tailor their content in at least one way:59% of B2B content marketers segment content by individual decision maker profiles52% of B2B content marketers segment content by company characteristics42% of B2B content marketers segment content by stage in the buying cycle23% of B2B content marketers segment content by personalized content preferences8% of B2B content marketers do not segment content
sophiedesc's insight:
+++ A very comprehensive lists of useful tools and softwares for every single step of your content marketing process.
Lead Tracking Tools
Google Analytics
Marketing Automation
40 Nuggets
Email Marketing Tools
Constant Contact
Campaign Monitor
Social Media Management & Listening Tools
Social Media
Blogging & CMS
Paid Distribution Networks
PR Newswire
Content Promotion Tools
Webinar Tools
Sources for Content Creation
Content Curation Tools
Content Optimization Tools
Content Enrichment Tools
Content Collaboration Tools
Google Drive –
Content Authoring Tools
Adobe Creative Cloud
Jerome D. Simon's curator insight, November 14, 2013 11:16 AM
La carte du contenu, tous les outils (ou presque) pour gérer son contenu !
Stefano Principato's curator insight, November 14, 2013 5:39 PM
Yet many of these tools are quite different from each other and serve vastly different purposes within content marketing. Some technologies may help create content, others help create content, some may help distribute your content, yet others may help you simply measure the effectiveness of your content marketing.
Ce billet aborde tous les aspects de l'élaboration d'un livre blanc dans un objectif de génération de leads.
sophiedesc's insight:
Quelques conseils simples, mais efficaces à conserver pour votre prochain livre blanc !
Game of Thrones, série événement de la chaîne américaine HBO depuis 2011, a su démontrer qu'on pouvait rendre accro la planète entière en suivant quelques recettes toutes simples. La preuve en cinq leçons.
sophiedesc's insight:
Une analyse très pertinente des 5 ingrédients principaux de la recette du succès marketing de la série - dont on peut facilement s'inspirer pour construire sa stratégie inbound et contenu !
& un petit bonjour au passage à tous les fans de GoT ;)
Leçon n° 1 : affichez un objectif simple et ambitieux
Leçon n° 2 : n'ayez pas peur de vous répéter
Leçon n° 3 : sachez repousser toujours plus loin vos limites
Leçon n° 4 : soyez là où on ne vous attend pas
Leçon n° 5 : adaptez-vous tout en restant cohérent
+ du transmédia sans modération!
Ever since we started Buffer a little over two years ago, people have been asking us about one question very specifically: How can I write great headlines for social networks and my blog?
The topic is a very tricky one, as the accuracy for what works best is hard to nail down. Whilst we have some specific techniques that we are using for our own postings and article headlines every day, I thought looking at the most cutting edge research is definitely required. So I thought of combining all the research we've done for the Buffer social accounts and our blog as well as the best research out there and combining them into one comprehensive guide. Without any further ado, here is a scientific guide to great copywriting on Twitter, Facebook and your blog
Via Stéphanie Gagin
sophiedesc's insight:
A comprehensive guide based on Buffer research to help you find the greatest post copywriting on your blog, Twitter, Facebook - very useful !
(Social A/B test advice, optimal time to tweet/post, most shareable words, best headlines etc)
structurer et organiser efficacement votre marketing de contenu
Via Jerome D. Simon
sophiedesc's insight:
Une stratégie de contenu est à planifier sur le long terme !
Quelques idées de contenu à publier tous les jours, toutes les semaines, tous les mois et tous les ans pour un impact réellement SEO et Trafic positif et pour fidéliser vos visiteurs?
Jerome D. Simon's curator insight, October 21, 2013 8:12 AM
organisation par semaine/mois/année etc..
Fini le syndrome de la page blanche avec ces 99 types de contenu à proposer sur un blog Marketing notamment ...
Via inaativ
sophiedesc's insight:
A la recherche d'inspiration pour votre stratégie de Content Marketing? Voici un reminder très efficace des types de contenus que vous pourrez utiliser au quotidien!
In addition to creating videos that are unique, compelling, and entertaining or informative, make sure you're also dedicating time to interact with your audience, developing relationships with top contributors, responding to comments, and much more.
Via Bonnie Burns
Brett.Ashley.Crawford's curator insight, October 2, 2013 10:59 AM
youtube is the art marketers visual story -- and the perfect way to reach the under 35 crowd. Great addition!
Clever Maniacs's curator insight, October 3, 2013 1:10 PM
Some times the comments are better than the videos on YouTube! How many of you read YouTube comments? I can't be the only person and thinks they can be entertaining....
Les lecteurs souhaitent qu'on leur facilite l'interaction sociale avec vos contenus. Voici 6 outils de partage social media pour booster leur implication
sophiedesc's insight:
Une liste de 6 outils de partage sur les réseaux sociaux - à découvrir !
The State of Blogging showing percentage of brand on blogs, blog influence on consumers, influencers biggest pains, and more!
sophiedesc's insight:
Find blogging, blog influence and blogger outreach stats & tips in this great infographic !
The 5-step guide for content marketers to step up their game in 2014 and create more strategic content.
Via Stefano Principato, malek
sophiedesc's insight:
What about you: of all the content you created in 2013, how much did you plan strategically?
Well, I'm sure we all need to read these 5 really useful tips from guest blogger Tommy Walker on the unbounce blog ;)
Stefano Principato's curator insight, December 5, 2013 11:39 AM
Knowing media formats ahead of time helps you manage & prioritize your production schedule.
Myrtille Nury-Torras's curator insight, December 5, 2013 5:42 PM
Simple, intelligent et efficace, un "how to" à ajouter à votre liste de bonnes résolutions pour 2014.
Carol Sherriff's curator insight, December 6, 2013 1:37 PM
You will probably already know the 5 steps but this is well put together and a helpful reminder.
Grab the Copywriting 101, Magnetic Headlines, and SEO Copywriting ebooks.
Copywriting 101: How to Craft Compelling Copy Copywriting is one of the most essential elements of effective online marketing. The art and science of direc
sophiedesc's insight:
Great ressource to create compelling content for readers and search engines! "Copywriting is one of the most essential elements of effective online marketing. The art and science of direct-response copywriting involves strategically delivering words (whether written or spoken) that get people to take some form of action."
So what's the number one reason why most business bloggers fail? Find out here and learn how to become a successful business blogger!
sophiedesc's insight:
& Keep in mind:
Fo a successfull business blog, "you need to engage your customers/readers, not just inform or report"!
Discover why business blogging is something of a silver bullet in this stats and facts-packed infographic!
sophiedesc's insight:
Some interesting Business Blogging Stats, eg:
> "US visitors spend 3X more time on blogs and social media than on their email"
> B2B Companies who blog get 70% more leads than those who don't".
[INFOGRAPHIC] Inbound Marketing - Which processes and tools does it take to make Inbound Marketing effective?
Which processes and tools does it take to make Inbound Marketing effective? Companies are still trying to understand and make the business case to focus on. Marketing topic(s):Digital marketing strategy.
This Infographic from Salesforce Pardot sheds some light onto this with survey findings summarised from HubSpot's survey.
It also highlights well the difference between inbound and outbound marketing and free tools in the marketplace across blogging, SEO, analytics, social and webinars.
Via Jerome D. Simon
sophiedesc's insight:
Great Inbound Marketing infographic about the "Truth behind the Buzz" (according to Pardot -promoting it marketing automation SW), incl. inbound marketing activities, ressources vs. results, as well as low-cost alternatives to all-in-one inbound marketing tools.
Jerome D. Simon's curator insight, November 14, 2013 3:47 AM
L'inbound est une méthodologie utilisée avec des outils connus du marketing traditionnel. Ce qui compte c'est plus la méthode que les outils. Infographie explicite, mais, comme réalisée par Salesforce, elle ne parle pas des outils de lead nurturing disponibles sur WP
One thing that seems to elude many professionals is how SEO, social media, pay-per-click advertising, and e-mail marketing play a role in inbound marketing.
sophiedesc's insight:
Overview of the basic inbound marketing tactics you can/should use for a successful inbound marketing process.
Do name-brand journalists still require the backing of name-brand media outlets? Recent headlines strongly indicate that the byline is being rapidly decoupled from the masthead.
Via Kamal Bennani
sophiedesc's insight:
Interesting insights from Rebecca Lieb about Influence Marketing & very impressive facts proving its big potential for your content strategy;
"At the end of the day, an influencer strategy is primarily an amplification strategy. Influencers, by dint of reputation, confer legitimacy. They are thought leaders, journalists, bloggers, tweeters, analysts, consultants or subject-matter experts who influence buyer decisions."
Blog de Markentive, agence d'inbound marketing : Les meilleures alternatives à Hubspot pour faire de l'Inbound marketing gratuitement
Si vous êtes de nature à vouloir contrôler de manière plus libre et flexible l'ensemble de vos décisions marketing ou que vous avez le temps et les compétences nécessaires à l'intégration d'outils indépendants pour votre stratégie d'Inbound marketing, peut-être serez-vous plus heureux avec ces quelques alternatives … qui sont en plus pour la plupart gratuites !
Via Jacques Tang
sophiedesc's insight:
Voici donc 5 outils gratuits à utiliser pour une mise en place "traditionnelle" d'une stratégie d'inbound marketing -- qui peuvent remplacer (dans un premier temps, du moins) la fameuse "super-plateforme" intégrée Hubspot.
On y retrouve les "classiques": Wordpress, Moz, Hootsuite, Mailchimp et Google Analytics/
Plus un conseil, toujours bon à prendre: ne pas hésitez à "mettre les mains dans le cambouis" !
How to create an effective and targeted content strategy that will drive targeted prospects to your website, convert them into quality leads, and make your sales team and boss love you.
Start With Your Personas
Whether it's marketing or product development, everything you do in your business should all start with your personas. Your company's personas should be at the heart of everything you do in your inbound marketing strategy, including content.
Map It All Out: Lifecycle Stage Is Key
To make your life easier, I've created a basic inbound marketing content strategy template that you can use in developing your content strategy. This should be used as a general guide, but feel free to change and modify it based on your business. You can download the free template here.
Realize Problem or Need (Driving Visitors)
At the very top of the inbound marketing funnel your goal is to drive prospects to your website. There are many different parts to this from social, email, etc., but the one we are interested in for this discussion is blogging.
I want you to think of your blog as the fuel of your content (and marketing) engine. Blogs can be used to boost the impact of all the other marketing channels (social, SEO, email, etc). Once developed over time it will prove to be the biggest driver of traffic to your website and be one of your company's biggest digital assets.
Perform Research (Top Funnel)
In this stage content types that work effectively are e-books, webinars, research guides, reports, etc. Again, I can't stress enough how important it is to keep this non-biased, non-promotional, and focused around amazing quality content that delights and educates that person.
Establish Buying Criteria (Middle Funnel)
In this stage there are a few more styles of content that work especially well in bringing across the feeling and messages you want at this stage. These include white papers, webinars, comparison guides, detailed guides, etc.
Evaluating Vendors (Bottom Funnel)
If your inbound marketing has been done correctly it will be your best sales team member. The lead will be very interested in your solutions, have a great deal of education on the topic, and be biased toward your solution over competitors.
Think SEO
Once you have created an inbound marketing content map then you can start thinking about how you can incorporate SEO into the mix. Start using keyword and search tools to find the best titles and copy to include in your content to ensure it will be found by those who are searching online.
Review and Update
It's also important to consider that you should be revisiting both your personas and your content strategy map on a monthly or at the minimum quarterly basis. As new information and ideas come out, it will be important to include those into your persona profile and pivot your content accordingly.
Via marketingIO, C-Marketing
marketingIO's curator insight, September 13, 2013 7:40 AM
Inbound 101. It's beautiful when simplified, such as you see above. More details in the original post, but it's not that hard.
Bergadi Zeroual's curator insight, September 15, 2013 8:25 PM
Just after share your Link to a differents Social Networks,your freinds and your familly.You earn a lot off Money...That a Marketing
Get the most out of your content marketing! With repurposing, you can educe your content marketing costs and expand your audience reach.
sophiedesc's insight:
Repurposing process and great exemples and ideas for content repurposing:
2. Infographic
3. Video
4. Free Guide
5. eBook
6. Newsletter
7. Webinar
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This paper describes diffraction-pattern sampling as a basis for automatic pattern recognition in photographic imagery; it covers: diffraction-pattern generation, diffraction-pattern/image-area relationships, diffraction-pattern sampling, algorithm development (using an interactive computer-graphic based facility), facility description, and experimental results which have been obtained over the last few years at General Motors' AC Electronics-Defense Research Laboratories, Santa Barbara, Calif. Sampling the diffraction pattern results in a sample signature--a different one for each sampling geometry. The kinds of information obtainable from sample signatures are described, and considerations for developing algorithms based on such information are discussed. A tutorial section is included for the purpose of giving the reader an intuitive feeling for the kinds of information contained in a diffraction pattern and how it relates to the original photographic imagery.

subset: commoncrawl


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St. Michael's currently has two Women's Studies groups that meet on Tuesdays. One group, Soul Journey, meets on Tuesday mornings at 9:30 a.m., and the other group, Spirited Sisters, meets on Tuesday evenings at 7:00 p.m. Please see the calendar page for specific dates.
Spirited Sisters Book StudyWe meet in the library from 7:00-9:00 p.m. What do you bring? Just yourself and your Bible.
Join us for fellowship and lively learning.
Questions? Contact Sue Barnum (847) 304-6989, Sally Smith (847) 274-4622
* On the last Tuesday of each month we will meet at the home of a Spirited Sister rather than in St. Michael's Library.
Women's Bible Study: Soul Journey
Soul Journey meet in the church library from 9:30-11:30 am.
Who are the women who come to Soul Journey? Well, for starters they span the gamut from age to situations. And they're the nicest bunch of women you'll find. These ladies really care for each other and we have room on the couch for you.
We'll have childcare so that you can come and fill your cup. Come and try us out, even if you've never come, or if it's been a long time. Welcome (back)!
Any questions, call Kay Lewis 847-381-7820.
|Kay Lewis


text:
Required Reading
- Donald Trump's America
- RNC: Not For Me
- Some Men Just Want To Watch The World Bern
- How Sad the Exodus: Teaching Men's Creative Writing in a County Jail
- Baby Foodie
- Literary Seductions: Twenty Books To Hook Up To
- With The Ringer and "Any Given Wednesday," Bill Simmons Jumps the Shark
- 50 Bullet Points Concerning America's Gun Psychosis
- Why I'm Opting Out of a Revolution
Please Visit:
#theweeklingsMy Tweets
Most Read
- The 50 Greatest Superhero (and Villain) Names of All Time
- The 50 Greatest Literary Character Names of All Time
- The 50 Greatest Band Names of All Time
- RNC: Not For Me
- The 50 Most Drug-Addled Albums in Music History
- The 50 Greatest Unrequited Love Stories Ever
- From Axl to Zappa: The 50 Greatest Musician Names of All Time (Side A)
- The 50 Greatest Pro Football Names of All Time
- The 50 Greatest Civil War Names
Tag Archives: Aliya Mustofina
Election Day Special: Big Ron Talks Back
Who's the best pitcher of all time? Are the Patriots done? Who's the world's sexiest athlete? And, who will win today's Obama/Romney tilt? Big Ron knows. Continue reading
Posted in Sports Tagged Aliya Mustofina, best pitcher of all time, election day, Gisele Bunchen, hottest female athlete, Katarina Witt, Obama, Romney, sports, Tom Brady Leave a comment


text:
Category:Cutty Sark (ship, 1869) in Greenwich
From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository
This is a category about listed building number 1079013. (More images)
This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total.
- ► Cutty Sark (ship, 1869) restoration (16 F)
Media in category "Cutty Sark (ship, 1869) in Greenwich"
The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total.
- Cutty Sark, 2011.jpg 3.22 MB
- Cutty Sark (ship, 1869)
- Museum ships of the United Kingdom
- Museums established in 1957
- Museums in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
- Greenwich (district of London)
- National Register of Historic Vessels
- Ships in docks in London
- Grade I listed buildings in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
- Museums in London by name
- Water transport in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
- Buildings on the south bank of the River Thames in London


text:
The post by email from JetPack is not working.
I am sending the email to the valid email and is not posting. Not sure what do to.
Please help,
The post by email from JetPack is not working.
I am sending the email to the valid email and is not posting. Not sure what do to.
Please help,
Could you post your site URL here, so I can have a look?
If you want it to remain private, you can also contact us via this contact form:
If you contact us through our form, please make sure to include a link to this thread in your message.
The blog is: http://www.mariorandholm.com/rtu/
The issue is that when i send the email to the jetpack the picture is showing in the post with an strange shape
Later I enter to modidy the pic clicking the edit bottom and i resize it to 100% which makes it apprears in the post
Later click publish and the picture loads --after editing the size to 100%
I'm sorry, but didn't we already discuss a similar issue in the past? Your site is familiar to me. Do you have a ticket number (or more than 1) to share with me so I can review past issues?
Next, you say "The issue is that when i send the email to the jetpack the picture is showing in the post with an strange shape". Can you describe what kind of shape it has?
I dont have any ticket number -- Could i send you screenshots? or share my screen it will be much easy to understand.
I will tell you step by step. Remeber Text works fine, categories and tags as well.
1. I send an email to the email address provided by JetPack
2. I go to the post and where the image should be appears blank.
3. then i got to the edit post link
4. the image is in the post but with strange resolution
To fix it
5. I click the link on the pictures "Edit"
6. The editor pop up and the picture automatically resizes
7. close save and close editor
8. re-publish the post
9. the pictures show in the post
If you want we can talk over skype of teamviewer to share the screem
Again, I remember discussing this with you in the past, and if I recall correctly, we had come up with a workaround? It was something caused by your theme, I think. Can you contact me again at http://jetpack.me/contact-support/ ? Make sure to include a link to this thread. I should be able to find our previous conversation that way. Thanks!
The issue was with KAT -- but did not find a solution. I dont remember other instance.
I have replied to the support link.
Hello Richard,
Did you get my last email?
Hi! Yup, looking at it right now, I'll keep you posted!
I uninstall the lockdown.
Please tell me if it works now.
This topic has been closed to new replies.


text:
Frankie Avalon is not on this episode. (He is listed as Agent 00½ in the TV Guide description.)
This was a special episode promoting the movie
Dr. Goldfoot and The Bikini Machine. But, with the exception of the opening credits, no footage from the movie appears in this episode.
No results found.
No results found.
No results found.
User Score: 2587
User Score: 45
User Score: 16
User Score: 9
User Score: 4
User Score: 2
User Score: 2


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Leki Rubber Tip (single)
- Our Price
- £3.75
A protective rubber tip that fits neatly over the end of your Leki walking poles. Protect the carbide tip from damage when it's not needed, and protect delicate substrate from being damged by your carbide tip.
- Brand
- Leki
Other products you might be interested in...
Wanderfreund Antishock Walking Pole
A perfect pole for strolling gentler terrain. It is...
Highlander Explorer Map Case
Protect your map from the elements in this handy folding case...
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Trekmates Rannoch Moor Gaiters
Weighing in at only 200g, these gaiters are ideal for anyone...


text:
In mybook®: Services
Sweetness Sweets
4465 Poplar Ave Ste 1315, Memphis, TN 38117
Oak Court Mall
n of of n
REVIEWS(2)Top ▲
- Posted: 5/22/2013
This business is very clean and professional. They have a lot of jewelry to choose from and excellent customer service.
Posted: 2/25/2013
sweetness sweets is the BEST place to go!! Tommy is an AWESOME piercer!!!!! He made things as painless as possible and was very nice. I don't trust anyone with my piercing other than him! Great place to go!
OTHER PLACES LIKE THISTop ▲
MORE STUFF NEAR YOUTop ▲


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 3, 2006
|Filing date
|Aug 24, 2000
|Priority date
|Aug 26, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Nicholas Ian Saunders, Robert Mark Stefan Porter
|Original Assignee
|Sony United Kingdom Limited
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Referenced by (26), Classifications (50), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a signal processor. The invention concerns, joining referred to herein as splicing, digital bit streams which are compressed. Embodiments of the invention described herein are concerned with splicing digital video bitstreams which are compressed according to the MPEG-2 standard.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The invention and its background will be discussed by way of example with reference to MPEG-2 video bitstreams. However the invention is not limited to MPEG-2.
MPEG-2 is well known from for example ISO/IEC/13818-2, and will not be described in detail herein. Splicing of video is well known. It is used in editing video. Splicing analogue signals is relatively straight forward and can be done at the boundary between adjacent frames, because each analogue frame contains the whole of the video information of that frame independently of other frames. (Splicing can be done similarly in the digital domain for both compressed and uncompressed video data if all frames contain the whole video information of the frame.) MPEG-2 compressed video comprises groups of I, P and/or B frames known as GOPs, Groups of Pictures. I, P and B frames are well known. An I or Intra-encoded frame contains all the information of the frame independently of any other frame. A P frame in a GOP ultimately depends on an I frame and may depend on other P frames. A B frame of a GOP ultimately depends on an I-frame and may depend on P frames in the GOP. A B frame must not depend on another B frame.
A GOP typically comprises 12 or 15 frames comprising at least one I frame and several P and B frames. To correctly decode a GOP requires all the frames of the GOP, because a large part of the video information required to decode a B frame in the GOP is in a preceding and/or succeeding frame of the GOP. Likewise a large part of the video information required to decode a P frame is in a preceding frame of the GOP.
Thus if two different bit streams are spliced together in the compressed domain, the information necessary to decode frames each side of the splice point is likely to be lost.
Many papers have been written concerning the splicing of compressed bitstreams, which is a well known problem in MPEG. A paper "Flexible Switching and editing of MPEG-2 Video Bitstreams" by P. J. Brightwell, S. J. Dancer and M. J. Knee was published in "Atlantic Technical Papers 1996/1997" the preface to which is dated September 1997.
The paper discusses the problems of splicing MPEG-2 Video Bitstreams. Two bitstreams A and B to be spliced are decoded in respective decoders. A coder is switched from the decoder of A to the decoder of B at the splicing point. It discloses that near a splicing point where a bitstream A is replaced by a bitstream B, the following modifications are made.
"The picture type may be changed to provide a more suitable refresh strategy around the switch point. In the example below, the first P-frame in bitstream B after the switch is converted to an I-frame to provide a full refresh early in the new scene. Also, bitstream A contains an I-frame just before the switch point—as this is unnecessary, it is recoded as a P-frame to save bits.
Switch point
Bitstream A:
. . .
Bitstream B:
. . .
Prediction modes and motion vectors may require modification to take into account any changes in the picture type on recoding, or to prevent any predictions being made across the switch on recoding. In the example above, mac rob locks that originally used forward or bi-directional prediction for the B-frame following the switch point will be recoded using intra mode and backward prediction respectively. In addition, vectors are required for the I-frame that is recoded as a P-frame—these can be estimated from the vectors in surrounding frames, or taken from I-frame concealment vectors that many MPEG-2 bitstreams carry.
The quantisation parameters will be changed as part of the recoder's rate control strategy. As in a conventional coder, this aims to control the buffer trajectory of a downstream decoder to prevent under- or overflow, and to maintain the picture quality as high as possible. In addition, the rate control algorithm for the ATLANTIC switch uses the vbv—delay values in bitstreams A an B (which are carried in the info-bus) to make the buffer trajectory for the switched bitstream identical to that for bitstream B (i.e. the one being switched to) at some future time. Depending on the relative vbv—delay values, this may happen soon after the switch, or a recovery period of a few GOPs may be required. When it has been achieved, the recoder's quantisation parameters are locked to those of bitstream B, and the switch becomes transparent.
The quantisation parameters may also be changed to take advantage of effect know as temporal masking. This refers to the eye's inability to see moderate or even large amounts of noise around a scene change—typically 5 dB of degradation in the frame after the switch cannot be seen—and allows the number of bits used for the frames very close to the switch point to be reduced, allowing a shorter recovery period."
"Vbv-delay values" are measures of the number of bits in the buffer of the down stream decoder. The manner in which the "buffer trajectory" for the switched bitstream is made identical to that for bitstream B is not disclosed in the paper. It has been found in experiments by the present inventors that splicing bitstreams which have very large differences in VBV-delay values is problematic.
It is desirable to make the buffer trajectory for the switched bit stream identical to that for the bitstream B (referred to herein as VBV—lock) even where the difference between the vbv-delay values of the streams is large.
According to the present invention, there is provided a signal processor for splicing a compressed bitstream B0 to a compressed bitstream A0, comprising
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a signal processor for splicing a compressed bitstream B0 to a compressed bitstream A0, each bitstream comprising groups (GOPS) of I, and P and/or B frames comprising
By monitoring the amount (reduction—carry) by which a change would exceed the limit and comparing it to the threshold, the encoding means can determine when VBV—lock is achieved or not. This allows lock to be achieved with large differences in occupancy between the bitstreams A and B. Preferably, if the limit is not exceeded, the limit is progressively reduced as the GOP proceeds. That prevents large changes at the end of the GOP. Preferably, if a change reduces occupancy, it is averaged (carry—over) over the remainder of the GOP to offset any increases which may occur later in the GOP. In an embodiment, if lock is not exactly achieved stuffing bits are added to the transitional GOP to achieve precise lock.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Transcoding Parameters
I frames have the following transcoding parameters which are well known in MPEG.
DCT—Type, Q and Q—Matrix which are reused in embodiments of the present invention described hereinbelow. These parameters are reused in the recoding of I frames with reuse of parameters.
P and B frames have the parameters DCT—Type, Q, Q—Matrix, Pred—Type, MB—Mode and Motion Vectors. These parameters are reused in the recoding of P and B frames with reuse of parameters. These parameters are recalculated when fully recoding all frames.
Referring to
as shown in
It is desired to replace bitstream A0 by bitstream B0. As shown in
When an operator decides to splice bitstreams B0 and A0, the operator operates the switch S1 and a switch S2 so that A0 is routed through decoder A, encoder 4 and via contact C of switch S1 to the downstream decoder 2.
The bitstream A0 is decoded in decoder A and re-encoded in encoder 4. The MPEG-2 parameters are derived from the decoder A by a control processor 6 and re-used in the encoder 4, so that the decoding and re-encoding is as loss-less as possible. (There may be some loss because the DCT rounding process can cause the DCT process to be not transparent.)
Before the splice point, bitstream B0 is also decoded in decoder B.
The processor P has sufficient storage (not shown) associated with decoders A and B to store for example 30 compressed frames.
A splice point SPLICE is chosen. At the splice point switch S2 selects the decoder B and decoded bitstream B is fed via the encoder 4 to the contact C of switch S1. In the example of
After the splice point SPLICE, the bitstream B0 is fully recoded for a transition period during which VBV—lock is achieved as will be explained below. Once VBV—lock is achieved, recoding of bitstream B0 continues but with re-use of the MPEG parameters derived from the original bitstream B0.
After a short interval of recoding of B0 with re-use of the MPEG parameters, switch S1 selects contact B0 and thus the original bitstream B0, by-passing the decoder B and encoder C.
Referring to
as shown in
It is desired to replace bitstream A0 by bitstream B0. As shown in
When an operator decides to splice the recoded bitstreams BI and AI, the operator operates the switch S2 so that AI is routed to a store 12 up to the splice point and BI is routed to the store 12 after the splice point, so that store 12 stores the spliced bitstream AI/Bi with a splice point between the a frame of AI and a frame of BI.
The spliced bitstream AI/BI is decoded to base band and re-encoded in an encoder 4 as a third generation bitstream (Gen3) GOP C of the form shown in
In a preferred embodiment shown in
Referring to
Before the beginning of the transition region (i.e. more than 5 frames before SPLICE) the bitstream AI is recoded reusing the MPEG parameters derived from the original bitstream A0.
After the splice point SPLICE, the bitstream BI, is fully recoded for the remainder of the transition period during which VBV—lock is achieved as will be explained below. Once VBV—lock is achieved, recoding of bitstream BI, continues but with re-use of the MPEG parameters derived from the original bitstream B0.
The spliced and recoded bitstream C produced by processor P and encoder 4 are fed to a downstream decoder 2 where the bitstream C is decoded for display for example. Downstream decoder 2 may be in, for example, a domestic television receiver. Processor P may be in a studio.
As shown in
The methods of control discussed in the following discussion apply equally to both examples. However, it will be appreciated that:
a) in the first example it is the original bitstreams A0 and B0 which are being re-encoded by the encoder 4; whereas b) in the second example it is the I frame bitstreams AI and BI which are being re-encoded by the encoder 4.
However, the re-encoding of the frames of the bitstreams AI and BI is dependent on corresponding frames of the bitstreams A0 and B0 from which they are derived. Thus, in the following reference is made only to the frames of the original bitstreams A0 and B0. The following discussion applies to the frames of the bitstreams AI and BI which correspond to the frames of the bitstreams A0 and B0, with the result that the effect of recoding is the same as if the bitstream had not been re-coded as I frames (apart from some losses due to the additional recoding and decoding to and from I frames).
Picture Type Decision
The splicing of bitstream B0 to bitstream A0 disrupts the GOP structure. Thus the following rules are applied.
The bit stream, in this example A0, before the splice, is recoded so that:
(1) the last 'I' or 'P' frame before the splice is converted to 'P';
(2) if the last frame before the splice is a 'B' frame, it is converted to 'P'.
The bitstream, in this example B0, after the splice is recoded so that:
(3) the first 'I' or 'P' frame after a splice is converted to 'I'; and
(4) if the first GOP after the splice and after the application of rule (3) contains less than three 'P' frames, the 'I' frame of the subsequent GOP is converted to 'P', thereby changing the length of the GOP. In this example the GOP is lengthened.
A new transitional GOP begins with an I-frame immediately after the splice, and the new GOP is made longer than preceding (and succeeding) GOPs in the bitstream B0. The new GOP is in effect a prediction of where VBV—lock is to be achieved. The application of these rules is shown in
By application of rule (2), the 'B' frame of A0 immediately before the splice is converted to P. By application of rule (1) the I frame of A0 before the splice is also converted to P.
By application of rule (3), the first 'P' frame of stream B0 after the splice is converted to I in stream C1.
By application of rule (4), the GOP of bitstream B0 after the splice has (after conversion of its first P frame to I) less than 3 'P' frames. Therefore the next 'I' frame is converted to 'P'. Application of these rules gives a GOP which defines a predicted VBV—lock point as will be discussed below.
Rule 4 may be changed to (41).
(41) If the first GOP after the splice contains only one 'P' frame, the frame types of the next GOP are altered from 'I' to 'P' and 'P' to 'I' to give two 'P' frames in a GOP. This results in two shorter GOPs between the splice point and VBV—lock.
Processing Order
Constant bit rate
The example of the processor P of
Downstream Decoder and Buffer
The downstream decoder 2 has a buffer 8. The encoding which takes place in encoder 4 of the processor is arranged so that the buffer 8 of the downstream decoder 2 neither underflows nor overflows.
(The encoder 4 has a corresponding buffer and it operates as the inverse of what is shown in
The following are known MPEG rate control parameters.
VBV is virtual buffer verifier. It is a measure of the number of bits that would be in the downstream buffer 8.
This is a target number for the total number of bits for the remainder of the current GOP. At the beginning of a GOP it is a target for the whole GOP. It reduces as the GOP progresses.
Complexity X, constants Kp, Kb and N, Np, Nb
Np is the number of pictures in a GOP.
Nb is the number of P frames remaining in a GOP.
Nb is the number of B frames remaining in a GOP.
Kp and Kb are 'universal' estimates dependent on quantisation matrices. They (indirectly) define the relative sizes of I, P and B frames.
Xi, Xp, Xb are "complexity measures" for I, P and B frames.
These parameters are used in a known manner to distribute the bits of a GOP amongst I, P and B frames.
They are further explained in "Test Model 5" published by "International Organisation for Standardisation Organisation Internationale De Normalisation Coded Representation of Picture and Audio Information ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11/N0400".
Achieving VBV—Lock
As discussed above, the downstream buffer must neither underflow nor overflow. In MPEG-2 the buffer is normally kept approximately half-full. A discontinuity in the bit stream can make the buffer underflow or overflow. VBV is the measure of buffer occupancy.
In the situation where the bitstream begins with A with typical occupancy, and B with high occupancy is spliced onto A at the splice point, it is necessary to provide, after the splice point, a transitional GOP or GOPs which:
a) provides continuity, albeit changing, of VBV occupancy; and
b) changes the VBV occupancy from the value of stream A just before the splice to a target value which is the value of VBV for stream B.
As shown in
The point at which the VBV occupancy of C becomes identical to that of stream B is the VBV—lock point.
As mentioned above
Methods of Achieving VBV Lock
a) Picture Decision Rules
The methods use the picture decision rules (1) to (4) above.
b) Complexity
For the system of
For the system of
a) for P and B frames from the first generation transcoding parameters (which have been retained in association with the frames) of the I frames of the bitstream BI, after the splice point; and
b) for the I-frames from any I-frame of stream BI, after the splice point. Preferably, the I-frame chosen is one which will be recoded as an I-frame in stream C.
These frames may be available at the splice point due to the 3-frame re-ordering delay. Otherwise a 3-frame delay may be provided.
In both systems, at the splice point these complexity values replace the existing values (of stream A). So after the splice complexity values appropriate to stream B are used. As discussed above, in the system of
The complexity values control the distribution of bits amongst I, P and B frames. Achieving good subjective quality is dependent on the complexity values.
c) Virtual Buffers Modification
The virtual buffers are used to calculate the reference Q scale for each macroblock. Improvement in quality can be gained by setting the virtual buffers to estimated stream B values at the splice point. This ensures that the resulting Q scales are similar to those used in stream B in the previous generation, instead of continuing with stream A Q scales.
For the system of
For the I frame, the value is calculated as:
Q is the average quantisation parameter.
This value is then forced at the splice point.
This is also done for the P and B virtual buffers in same way.
For the system of
a) for P and B frames from the first generation transcoding parameters (which have been retained in association with the frames) of the I frames of the bitstream BI. after the splice point; and
b) for the I-frames from any I-frame of stream BI after the splice point. Preferably, the I-frame chosen is one which will be recoded as an I-frame in stream C.
The frames are available because they are stored, for example for the purpose of reordering the frames.
The encoding in encoder 4 is controlled in accordance with Remain-bit-GOP, between splice and VBV—lock so that the occupancy of the downstream buffer 2 follows a continuous but changing trajectory from before the splice at bitstream A occupancy to VBV—lock at the bitstream B occupancy. The control is also used to force the complexity and virtual buffers as described above. The control which does that is a 'rate control' and is known in for example from the paper "Test Model 5" mentioned above.
d) Adjust Remain bit GOP.
In order to increase occupancy of the downstream buffer as shown in
If the trajectory is from high occupancy of the downstream buffer to lower occupancy of the downstream buffer, the encoder is controlled in accordance with the higher Remain—bit—GOP to increase occupancy of its buffer, producing larger pictures by less compression/finer quantisation.
Remain—bit—GOP is the target for the number of bits remaining in the GOP.
The length of the transitional GOP is known from the result of adjusting the GOP length using the picture decision rules (1) to (4) above.
Remain—bit—GOP is adjusted in the following way. It is reduced after every frame by the number of bits used to encode that frame as is normal in MPEG2. In addition referring to
At the splice point, Remain—bit—GOP is set to the normal allocation of bits for the transitional GOP defined by the picture decision rules, the allocation being preferably reduced by the factor α, a variable carry—over is set to zero and a variable reduction—carry is set to zero. [Step S1]. (Carry—over is a positive value of VBV—diff averaged over the remaining I and P frames of the GOP and reduction—carry is the excess of VBV—diff over the reduction—limit)
A variable Reduction—limit is initially set to
minus (bitrate*remain—num—total*max—red—%)/(frame—rate)
where remain—num—total is the number of frames remaining in the GOP, and
max—red— % is a number chosen empirically representing the desired maximum reduction in bit rate allowed during the transitional GOP. [StepS2]. Reduction—limit represents the maximum amount by which the bit rate may be reduced at any update on an I or P frame.
VBV—diff for the start of the transitional GOP is calculated as
(VBV—C splice)−(VBV—B—next—I or P)
i.e. as the difference between the VBV value of bit stream C at the splice point and the VBV value of the bitstream B at the immediately following I or P frame. [Step S31].
It is to be appreciated that reduction—limit is a negative number in this example. Also steps S1, S2 and S31 set up initial values used only at the start of the transitional GOP.
Referring to step S4, step S4 determines whether the initial value of VBV—diff at the start of the GOP is positive or negative as calculated by step S31. If the update is taking place on an I or P frame not at the start of the GOP then VBV—diff is calculated by step S32 as
VBV—diff=(VBV—B—Current I or P)−(VBV—B—next I or P)+reduction—carry.
That is VBV—diff is updated by the difference between the current VBV value of the bitstream B and the next VBV—value (on an I or P frame) plus any reduction—carry.
Updates then take place in the following way which applies equally to the start of the GOP and to subsequent updates on an I or P frame.
VBV—diff positive at Step S4. (See
If VBV—diff is positive, then step S5 increments the variable carry—over by
(VBV—diff)/(number of I or P frames remaining in the GOP) and step S6 increments Remain—bit—GOP by carry—over. Thus steps S5 and S6 average positive values of VBV—diff over the remaining I and P frames in the GOP. On each occasion there is a positive VBV—diff Remain—bit—GOP is incremented by carry—over.
Step S7 sets reduction—limit to: (Reduction—limit-carry—over)*(next—remain—num—total)/(remain—num—total) where next—remain num total is the number of frames remaining in the GOP at the next update (at an I or P frame) including the next I or P frame and remain—num—total is the number of frames remaining in the GOP including the current frame. That is the negative value reduction—limit is increased by carry—over because the positive change in Remain—bit—GOP allows a bigger change in VBV at a subsequent update.
VBV—diff negative at Step S4. (See
If VBV—diff is negative at step S4, then at step S10, the variable carry—over (which is the cumulative averaged positive value of VBV—diff from previous updates calculated at step S5) is added to VBV—diff to produce a new value of VBV—diff. That is carry—over is added to VBV—diff to make it less negative thus allowing a correspondingly bigger change to occur in Remain—bit—GOP because more bits are available. The result as tested at step S11 is that the new value of VBV—diff may be more or less negative than reduction—limit which is the maximum change allowed in Remain—bit—GOP.
If the new value of VBV—diff is more negative than reduction—limit then Remain—bit—GOP is reduced by reduction—limit [step S15]. Reduction—carry is calculated at step S16 as the excess of the new value of VBV—diff over the reduction—limit. Once reduction—limit has been exceeded in the GOP it is set to zero at step S17.
If the new value of VBV—diff is less negative than reduction—limit then at step S12 Remain—bit—GOP is changed by the value of VBV—diff. It will be appreciated that the new value of VBV—diff could be positive or negative in this case. If VBV—diff is positive Remain—bit—GOP is increased by VBV—diff and if VBV—Diff is negative Remain—bit—GOP is reduced by VBV—diff.
At step S13, the reduction—limit is set to:
where next—remain—num—total and remain—num—total are as defined for step S7. That is reduction—limit is:
reduced (i.e. made less negative) as the GOP progresses if VBV—diff is negative because fewer bits are available in the GOP; and (subject to the scaling effect of (next—remain—num—total)/(remain—num—total) increased (i.e. made more negative) if VBV—diff is positive because more bits are available in the GOP.
Reduction—carry is set to zero at step S14 for the same reason as at step S8.
The algorithm then proceeds to the next I or P update at step S9. If at step S18 the end of the transitional GOP as determined by the picture decision rules has not occurred then the procedure returns to step S32 and repeats until the end of the transitional GOP.
At the end of the GOP, step S19 determines whether reduction—carry is more negative than a threshold value reduction—carry—threshold. It will be appreciated that this will occur only if VBV—diff is more negative (after any positive offsetting by the cumulative value carry—over) than reduction—limit.
Reduction—carry less negative than the threshold indicates that VBV—lock can be achieved using stuffing bits as at step S22. The next GOP is then started with reuse of the transcoding parameters to maintain picture quality.
Reduction—carry more negative than the threshold indicates that VBV—lock has not been achieved and a new transitional GOP is started but with reuse of the I frame transcoding parameters and recoding of P and B frames. [Step S20]. For the new transitional GOP the following variables are set to initial values at the start of the GOP:
Remain—bit—GOP is set to its normal allocation. The length of the GOP is not determined by the picture decision rules but is determined as the normal length for a GOP. Carry—over is set to zero. Reduction—limit is set to minus
The value of reduction—carry from the previous GOP is carried over to the new GOP.
The procedure of updating Remain—bit GOP of steps S32 and S4 to S18 starts again until the occupancy of the transitional GOP equals that of the bitstream B. Preferably, the new transitional GOP reuses transcoding parameters for its I frames.
In one version, the threshold is set at zero. If reduction—carry is zero, the transitional GOP ends because VBV—lock is deemed to have occurred. If reduction—carry is not zero, full recoding continues in another GOP, which is a normal long GOP but according to the procedure of
In another version, the threshold is set to a value K %. If reduction—carry is less than K then any difference between the VBVs of the transitional GOP and the bitstream B are small and are made up with stuffing bits. The spare stuffing bits are from the allocation of spare bits provided by reducing the normal allocation for Remain—bit—GOP by the factor α at the beginning of the GOP. The threshold K % is of the normal bit allocation for a long GOP. K may be in the range 0% to 8%, preferably about 5%. The maximum—reduction—percentage may be 25%.
The application of the reduction—limit ensures that during the transitional GOP the bit rate does not go below a predetermined minimum rate or equivalently the rate of change of occupancy does not exceed a predetermined maximum rate. Dividing positive changes in Remain—bit—GOP over the remainder of the I and P frames in the GOP tends to even out the changes in Remain—bit—GOP over the GOP. If VBV—diff is negative, but does not exceed the reduction limit, the limit is progressively reduced as the GOP proceeds. Thus the maximum change allowed reduces preventing disproportionately large changes in Remain—bit GOP at the end of the GOP. The method of
VBV—Lock point
The period over which VBV—lock is predicted to be achieved is one (or more) GOP albeit a GOP the length of which may have been changed by the picture type decision rules. In this example it is about 30 frames.
Referring to
If the factor α is zero, then no spare bits are available so the system attempts to achieve exact lock at the I frame immediately after the end of the transitional GOP. Rate control under or over steers producing usually too many bits. Even if exact lock is achieved, at the I frame, lock is disturbed at the B frames. So, Remain—bit-GOP is reduced by the factor α so rate control oversteers so that spare bits are available at the end of the GOP. The spare bits are used to achieve exact lock at the second B frame.
The I-frame 50 is processed by reusing its parameters derived from the original bitstream B0. In the system of
Motion Vectors
Motion vectors are regenerated for the transitional GOP. Alternatively motion vectors could be estimated from vectors in neighbouring frames.
Bit growth on frames outside transition region
In the system of
The frames outside the transition region are originally encoded as long GOPs, decoded to baseband recoded as I frames, decoded to baseband and recoded as log GOPs. In these processes, the transcoding parameters of the original encoding are re-used to maintain maximum quality. However the DCT and inverse DCT (IDCT) processes are not transparent, i.e. errors occur. In addition, the original baseband is not the same as the decoded I frames due to quantization effects. As a result the number of bits in the frames can shrink or grow. If the shrinkage or growth is large enough the buffers may over-or under-flow. Thus, the frames are monitored.
If excessive shrinkage occurs bit stuffing is used. If excessive growth occurs; frames are recoded. The bit stuffing and recoding is used to maintain occupancy within normal MPEG2 limits. Preferably recoding reuses the transcoding paramters of the I frames to maintain picture quality.
Although illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described in detail herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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|System method and apparatus for seamlessly splicing data
|Oct 25, 2006
|Mar 15, 2007
|Hiromi Yoshinari
|System method and apparatus for seamlessly splicing data
|Dec 19, 2006
|Jul 19, 2007
|Hiromi Yoshinari
|Editing device, editing method, splicing device, splicing method, encoding device, and encoding method
|Aug 22, 2005
|Jan 24, 2008
|Takaaki Fuchie
|Information Processing Apparatus and Information Processing Method, Recording Medium, and Program
|Aug 30, 2007
|Mar 6, 2008
|Eiji Ueki
|Information processing apparatus and method
|Mar 27, 2008
|Oct 30, 2008
|Hisayoshi Tsubaki
|Moving picture compression apparatus and method of controlling operation of same
|Dec 31, 2009
|Rgb Networks, Inc.
|Preconditioning ad content for digital program insertion
|Jun 30, 2009
|Aug 21, 2013
|Method for preconditioning ad content for digital program insertion
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 24, 2000
Owner name: SONY UNITED KINGDOM LIMITED, UNITED KINGDOM
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SAUNDERS, NICHOLAS IAN;PORTER, ROBERT MARK STEFAN;REEL/FRAME:011060/0062
Effective date: 20000807
|Apr 30, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 14, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


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The heads of the biggest British banks are meeting officials from the Bank of England tonight to discuss ways of boosting confidence in the financial system after a week of volatility on world markets.
Topics: banking, united-kingdom
Posted| Updated
A move by two Australian alcohol manufacturers to stop making pre-mixed spirits with energy additives has been welcomed by the Alcohol and other Drugs Council of Australia (ADCA).
Topics: alcohol, food-and-beverage, australia
Fiji's ousted prime minister, Laisenia Qarase, says he will dissolve Parliament if a court rules that he should be returned to office.
Topics: world-politics, law-crime-and-justice, fiji
Posted| Updated
Economist Professor Ross Garnaut has warned that cutting greenhouse gas emissions will be costly for households.
Topics: climate-change, federal-government, canberra-2600
Posted| Updated
A 13-year-old boy has told the Perth Children's Court it appeared as though a classmate was having fun when a group of boys started assaulting him last year.
Topics: bullying, secondary-schools, courts-and-trials, assault, prisons-and-punishment, perth-6000, mount-helena-6082
Posted| Updated
Chinese authorities are insisting the Oylmpic torch relay will pass through Tibet, despite recent violence there, including the arrest of 24 people over protests in Lhasa.
Topics: unrest-conflict-and-war, world-politics, olympics-summer, china
Posted| Updated
Economist Professor Ross Garnaut has warned that cutting greenhouse gas emissions will be costly for households.
Topics: climate-change, federal-government, canberra-2600
Posted| Updated
The New Zealand Warriors have been dealt another telling blow to their NRL season with captain Steve Price ruled out for eight weeks with a hamstring tear.
Topics: nrl, sport, rugby-league, new-zealand, australia, qld
Posted| Updated
Olympic gold medallist Jessicah Schipper says she is not worrying about the Olympic Swimming trails which start in Sydney this weekend.
Posted| Updated
Posted| Updated
A knife attack in Sydney, that has left one student dead and another badly wounded, was caught on security cameras.
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Posted| Updated
Four British tabloid newspapers have been forced to make front-page apologies to the parents of missing four year old girl, Madeleine McCann.
Topics: crime, print-media, england
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The Federal Opposition has supported the Government's pledge to improve Aboriginal life expectancy, despite Tony Abbott earlier saying the Coalition would not support the move.
Topics: indigenous-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander, federal-government, liberals, nationals, canberra-2600
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The Federal Government refuses to introduce a national plastic bag levy, despite a leaked report showing a significant increase in their use.
Topics: federal-government, recycling-and-waste-management, canberra-2600
It appears likely the Royal Hobart Hospital will continue to train obstetricians and gynaecologists.
Topics: healthcare-facilities, health, doctors-and-medical-professionals, health-administration, womens-health, hobart-7000, tas
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The West Australian Premier Alan Carpenter says the Government must take stock of a community survey which shows people are unhappy with Labor's performance in the key areas of health and education.
Topics: health-policy, education, state-parliament, alp, liberals, health, healthcare-facilities, wa, perth-6000
The NRMA has backed a proposal by the New South Wales Opposition to force petrol stations to publish their daily prices one day in advance on the internet.
Topics: consumer-protection, business-economics-and-finance, industry, oil-and-gas, federal---state-issues, states-and-territories, nsw
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Authorities have rescued a five metre pilot whale which became entangled in cray pot ropes off Cervantes this morning.
Topics: animals, maritime, endangered-and-protected-species, cervantes-6511, wa
The ACT still has the lowest imprisonment rate in the country, according to figures from the Bureau of Statistics (ABS).
Topics: prisons-and-punishment, act
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There will be no swimming in the Black Mountain section of Lake Burley Griffin over the Easter long weekend.
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The Federal Government has released a report into Australia's aviation safety regulators which recommends setting up a new body to approve all investigation reports.
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Senior Liberal Councillor Graham Quirk has won a close contest to be named Brisbane's new deputy Mayor.
Topics: local-government, elections, brisbane-4000
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The Supreme Court in Adelaide has told ETSA to stop pruning trees in the Saint Peters, Payneham and Norwood areas.
Topics: local-government, courts-and-trials, norwood-5067, adelaide-5000, sa, payneham-5070, st-peters-5069
The heads of the Catholic and Anglican churches in Brisbane have used their Easter messages this year to talk of hope for the future.
Topics: religion-and-beliefs, anglicans, catholic, brisbane-4000
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Last year, I stayed at the Grand Hyatt which was a 10-15 minute walk to the restaurants on the Riverwalk. For this Hyatt, you take the elevator near the Einstein bagel, walk through the lovely shopping lobby with the fountain, and right out to the Riverwalk with restaurants right and left outside the door. The shopping lobby had a nice looking spa and an ice cream store. The hotel is just around the block from the Alamo.
The gym was smaller and not as fancy as the Hyatt The rooftop pool was smaller as well and had lounge chairs around it. It wasn't luxurius looking, but it looked clean and a nice place to take a dip. The chairs were closer together, so you would be close to your neighbor in the next chair.
In addition to the Einstein bagel which had breakfast food and coffee, it also served sandwiches for lunch. No real eating area though. The bar was smaller than the Grand Hyatt, but it was a good place to sit and chat with attentive service. The food looked good.
The Q Restaurant had a small, but very enjoyable buffet with made to order pasta. You could just order the salad and desert buffet or off the menu. I really liked the freshness of the salad and fruit There were not a huge amount of salad toppings, but made to order pasta was really the star with a large number of toppings you could add. The desserts were fresh and tasty such as brownies and various desert bars or tiramisu.
I attended a conference for several days. It could have just been with the organizers picked but the breakfast buffet near the conference got tired after the third day - scrambled eggs (sometimes with peppers), bacon, sausage, fruit plate, muffins, yogurt (maybe one kind), OJ, and coffee/tea. I thought it was nice there were also gluten free muffins which were tasty. I remember the Grand Hyatt breakfast being better with more variety, like waffles or pancakes one day. The snacks in the afternoon were cookes, fruit, and packages of trail mix which were more portable and easier to eat than the scooped out snacks at the Grand Hyatt.
The conference dinner was fine. I asked for a pasta that was a side on another entree but never got it. The coffee took a while to make its rounds and there were never any refills. Overall, the conference wait staff were friendly, helpful, and kept the used plates and glsses cleaned up.
The room was fine and had a coffee maker and the refrigerator mini-bar. The maid did a good job and left extra creamer packets like I requested. I had a view of the city, but there were also interior rooms that looked down into the lobby and conference room area.
If you come out of the hotel on the Riverwalk, you can turn left and walk to the Grand Hyatt (about 10-15 minutes away), go past it to the Conference Center, go past the water streams, and up the stairs and walk to the left for several minutes to the Tower of America to see a great view of San Antonio.
For a good, but expensive dinner at the Chart House revolving restaurant at top of Tower of America, call ahead to make a reservation. I called on a Sunday for a party of one and was able to get a reservation for 5 minutes after I called. However, I saw a party of four walk up and was told the wait was over an hour. When I was upstairs, there were several empty tables around me that did not get filled. Last year, when I came and walked up (without calling ahead), I had a 45 minute wait, although when I got to my table, there were several empty tables.
TIp: Make sure you go at least an hour before sunset, so you can see the fantastic city as the restaurant revolves. Also, after dinner, you can take the elevator down to the Observation Level which normally you have to pay for if you want to come up for the view.
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Experience the heart of the Riverwalk at Hyatt Regency San Antonio. We are the only San Antonio Riverwalk hotel directly overlooking the historic Alamo and on the Riverwalk, connecting two of San Antonio's top destinations through our 16 story atrium lobby. Be the center of our attention while you are in the center of the action taking advantage of our unequaled location in the heart of dining and entertainment venues surrounding our Riverwalk hotel. ... more less
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Jan. 20, 1998
Virginia Women�s Lacrosse Names 1998 Captains
Boutilier, Ariza and Potter to Serve as Captains for Season
Charlottesville, Va.� Virginia Head Women�s Lacrosse Coach Julie Myers announced today that she has named fourth-years Kara Ariza (Lansdowne, Pa./Penn Wood), Peggy Boutilier (Roland Park Country/Baltimore, Md.) and Beth Potter (Swarthmore, Pa./Ridley) as captains for the 1998 season. Myers said �These are three very deserving players who will make great captains for us. This announcement makes the season that much more exciting.�
Ariza is a three-year starter for the Cavaliers who was named to the United States National team in 1998. She led the team in game-winning goals last year with five. Ariza is a member of the top-ranked Virginia field hockey team. Last year Ariza was named a first team All-American and was named to the All-Tournament team at the ACC Lacrosse Championships.
Boutilier, the 1997 National Player of the Year, has led the team in ground balls the past two seasons. A member of the All-Conference team and All-ACC Tournament team in 1997, Boutilier was also a captain of the 1997 Virginia field hockey team that advanced to the NCAA semifinals for the first time. Boutilier was also a first-team All-American in 1997.
Potter led the team in scoring the last two seasons and ranks third all-time at Virginia with 51 assists. Her 27 assists in the 1996 season is the fourth-highest assist total for a season. She stands in tenth place on the all-time Virginia scoring chart with 125 points. She was a member of the 1997 All-Conference team and a second-team All-American in 1997.
Virginia finished the season with a 14-5 record and a berth in the NCAA tournament.
UVA Athletics Information
In the NewsRecent Headlines News Archives
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Culture Change Under Way for UVA FootballFootball7/21/16Head coach Bronco Mendenhall, center Jackson Matteo and linebacker Micah Kiser represented Virginia at the ACC Football Kickoff on Thursday.Turner Embraces New Challenge at UVAMen's Lacrosse7/18/16Former UVA men's lacrosse standout Kip Turner is back at his alma mater as an assistant on new head coach Lars Tiffany's staff.Hunter Finds Comfort Zone at UVAMen's Basketball7/15/16The Virginia men's basketball team's freshman class includes De'Andre Hunter, a 6-7 forward from Philadelphia.
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Director of News Content
A 1985 graduate of UVA, White worked at the Richmond Times-Dispatch until July 2009. He was honored six times as the state's Sportswriter of the Year.
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Three Players Named to ACC Women's Lacrosse All-Academ...
W. Lacrosse | 6/20/2016
Three Virginia women's lacrosse players were named to the ACC All-Academic Team, the league...
Four Virginia Women's Lacrosse Players Named to All-State Team
W. Lacrosse | 6/16/2016
Virginia women's lacrosse had four players earn VaSID All-State honors, the organization...
Virginia's Season Ends with Loss to Johns Hopkins in NCAA...
W. Lacrosse | 5/13/2016
The Virginia women's lacrosse team's (9-9) season ended with a 12-10 loss to Johns...
Four Players Earn IWLCA All-South Region Honors
W. Lacrosse | 5/13/2016
The Virginia women's lacrosse team had four players earn Intercollegiate Women's...
Virginia Plays Johns Hopkins Friday in NCAA First Round
W. Lacrosse | 5/12/2016
The Virginia women's lacrosse team (9-8) opens play in the 2016 NCAA Championship First...
Jeff White: Preas Leads From Back for Cavaliers
W. Lacrosse | 5/12/2016
Second-team All-ACC pick Maggie Preas is a starting defender for UVA, which meets Johns Hopkins...
Virginia Earns At-Large Bid to NCAA Tournament
W. Lacrosse | 05/08/2016
The Cavaliers will open the tournament by taking on Johns Hopkins on Friday (May 13) in College...
Virginia Falls 9-8 to Duke in ACC Quarterfinal
W. Lacrosse | 04/28/2016
The Virginia women's lacrosse team (9-8, 3-4 ACC) fell 9-8 to Duke (10-7, 4-3 ACC) in the...
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Commandant's Profile
Capt. Muhammad Arif TI(M) PN was born on 1st December 1967. He joined Pakistan Navy in 1984.
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The management of Cadet College Sanghar is committed to quality education system based on 9001:2008. Quality Assurance Standards along with a suitable...
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Virtual Tour
The aim of establishing Cadet College Sanghar in the under developed and remote part of Sindh, is to uplift the youth of interior Sindh and to produce...
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The college is planned for formal education from Class VIII to XII. The college offers only science subjects, both at the Secondary and Higher Seconda...
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Upcoming EventsView All >>
Summer Vacation Ends
Summer Vacation ends, Cadets will report back at College on
New Session Starts
The New Session 2016-17 will start from 2nd August 2016. All
Independence Day Celebration
Independence Day Celebration: Flag Hoisting Ceremony & O


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Georgios Dimitropoulos
Georgios Dimitropoulos is a Senior Research Fellow.
Georgios studied law at the University of Athens, Greece, and holds an LL.M. from Yale Law School, and a Ph.D. in Global and EU administrative law from the University of Heidelberg. Before joining the MPI he was Hauser Research Scholar at New York University (NYU) School of Law, he completed an internship at the European Commission's Directorate General Enterprise and Industry, whereas during his Ph.D. studies he worked as a research assistant at the Institute for German and European Administrative Law of the University of Heidelberg. His current research interests include international dispute resolution, international economic law, and global and EU administrative law.
To view the full CV, please click here.


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...I have an advanced knowledge of conversational Japanese. I studied Russian in St. Petersburg, Russia for approximately one year.
18 Subjects: including Japanese, reading, English, Spanish
Mount Vernon, WA
...I have students aging from 5 years old to professionals who want to live and work in Japan. Whether it be needing help with homework, preparing for school exams & JLPT, improving grades, or brushing up on conversation for an upcoming visit, I will cater to all levels, objectives and ages and prepare each lesson accordingly. My method is to build, repeat, and apply with each lesson.
1 Subject: Japanese
Redmond, WA
...I lived and worked in Japan for many years as a young man. During this time I studied at Sophia University in Tokyo and with the University of Maryland. Among other studies I have 2 years of Japanese from U or M.
19 Subjects: including Japanese, English, reading, grammar
Bremerton, WA
Hello Everybody,My name is Midori and I am from Japan. I am a native speaker of Japanese, fluent in verbal and written communications. I have a lot of work experience volunteered daily in an elementary school classroom and the church, assisting with a variety of tasks assigned by teacher, and teaching students about Japanese culture.
1 Subject: Japanese
Snohomish, WA
I just finished my first year of college and am out to see if I can get some money this summer. Formally, I study the arts in college but am proficient in many of the academic subjects as well. I've always loved to teach and reaching out to help younger students get through the sometimes brutal years of pre-college schooling sounds like a good way to spend my summer.
20 Subjects: including Japanese, English, reading, writing
Seattle, WA


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Everyday Hero's SpotLight
Brown Summer Office HoursThe office will be open on Wednesday, August 3. 10 and 17 from 8am - 4pm. We will be back full time starting August 22.
School Supply Lists K-4Are you looking forward to next year? If you'd like to get a jump start - here you will find the supply lists for grades Kindergarten - Fourth. More...
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Principal's Message
Dear Parents and Children,
Thank you for "Dreaming Big"!
It was very fun and inspiring to win a National Blue Ribbon together through following "NED's" advice: never giving up, encouraging each other, and doing our best work.
I hope your summer is also filled with dreams that come true!
Barb Johnson
Dr. Barb Johnson
Quick Links:
Link to view Lunch Deposits and Balances
Read the Free and Reduced Lunch Application
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Read the BCPS Elementary Student/Parent Handbook
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Regular School Hours: 8:30am-3:40pm