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David Ehrenstein
Agrees with the Tomatometer 74% of the time.
David Ehrenstein's reviews (from any publication) always count toward the Tomatometer because this critic is a Tomatometer-approved critic.
|Dallas Observer, L.A. Weekly, New Times
|Critics' Group:
|Los Angeles Film Critics Association
|Total Reviews:
Listing Of All Reviews & Articles
Showing 1 - 43 of 43
|Title | Year
|The Times of Harvey Milk (1984)
| "A lot has happened in the 25 years between Rob Epstein's Oscar-winning 1984 documentary and Gus Van Sant's biopic, but the subject of the nation's signal gay rights leader is as relevant as ever. " ‐ L.A. Weekly
Posted Feb 12, 2009
|Factory Girl (2007)
| "Sienna Miller captures much of Edie's physical manner and some of her voice (though she's nowhere near deep enough), but there's nothing she can do with material that requires her to mope and pout for the bulk of her screen time." ‐ L.A. Weekly
Posted Dec 28, 2006
|His Secret Life (2001)
| "Ozpetek joins the ranks of those gay filmmakers who have used the emigre experience to explore same-sex culture in ways that elude the more nationally settled. " ‐ Dallas Observer
Posted Feb 14, 2003
|Apollo 13 (1995)
| "The sight of the spaceship on the launching pad is duly impressive in IMAX dimensions, as are shots of the astronauts floating in their cabins." ‐ New Times
Posted Sep 19, 2002
|Quitting (2002)
| "This is darkest drama reminiscent of Antonin Artaud's literary experiments in psychoanalysis." ‐ New Times
Posted Sep 12, 2002
|All About Lily Chou-Chou (2002)
| "While this has the making of melodrama, the filmmaker cuts against this natural grain, producing a work that's more interested in asking questions than in answering them." ‐ New Times
Posted Aug 15, 2002
|The Cockettes (2002)
| "In addition to lively interviews with surviving Cockettes features a dizzying array of vintage footage of the troupe in action." ‐ New Times
Posted Jul 25, 2002
|Margaret Cho - Notorious C.H.O. (2002)
| "Cho continues her exploration of the outer limits of raunch with considerable brio." ‐ New Times
Posted Jun 27, 2002
|Circuit (2001)
| "What's most memorable about Circuit is that it's shot on digital video, whose tiny camera enables Shafer to navigate spaces both large ... and small ... with considerable aplomb." ‐ New Times
Posted May 30, 2002
|The Komediant (2000)
| "While centered on the life experiences of a particular theatrical family, this marvelous documentary touches -- ever so gracefully -- on the entire history of the Yiddish theater, both in America and Israel." ‐ New Times
Posted May 23, 2002
|Pépé le Moko (1937)
| "A vehicle for Jean Gabin whose quicksilver charm hasn't aged in over 60 years." ‐ New Times
Posted Apr 18, 2002
|Esther Kahn (2001)
| "Beautifully produced." ‐ New Times
Posted Apr 11, 2002
|Time Out (L' Emploi du temps) (2001)
| "It's a subtle mood piece in which a man's collapse is examined so rigorously that one almost hopes for a murder to come along and break the tension." ‐ New Times
Posted Apr 11, 2002
|American Chai (2002)
| "Though the climactic revelation and resolution is expected, the film is full of fresh and unexpected observations about the cross-culturally complex lives of second-generation Indians living in the U.S." ‐ New Times
Posted Apr 4, 2002
|Sorority Boys (2002)
| "Not only unfunny, but downright repellent." ‐ New Times
Posted Mar 28, 2002
|Drift (2001)
| "Shot on digital video, with a sharp eye for Los Angeles locales, this is a well-shaped piece of work -- despite its overly earnest characters' penchant for psychobabble." ‐ New Times
Posted Mar 21, 2002
|Female Trouble (1974)
| "How do you follow-up Pink Flamingos? Not with a work that tries to outdo that classic gross-out comedy, but rather by moving in another direction entirely that's just as subversive, if not more so." ‐ New Times
Posted Mar 14, 2002
|Chop Suey (2001)
| "With footage of Faye in performance, and interviews with her friends and associates, Weber uses Faye as base from which to branch out in bizarre directions." ‐ New Times
Posted Mar 7, 2002
|Trembling Before G-d (2001)
| "... deeply moving and exceptionally gracious piece of documentary filmmaking." ‐ New Times
Posted Feb 28, 2002
|The Way We Laughed (1998)
| "Beautifully made and performed, this is a film of considerable insight into both the life of the impoverished and the mystery of human personality." ‐ New Times
Posted Feb 7, 2002
|The Fluffer (2003)
| "A film for the chastened romantic in us all -- gay, straight or 'for pay.'" ‐ New Times
Posted Jan 17, 2002
|Eban and Charley (2000)
| "Few things are quite as frustrating as a film that chooses a highly controversial subject then proceeds to give it the kid-glove treatment." ‐ New Times
Posted Jan 11, 2002
|Princesa (2001)
| "Princesa, like its heroine, is not at all what it seems at first. For its immediately straightforward melodramatics leave in the film's wake a haunting afterglow of a life not easily resolved by a screenplay's third act." ‐ New Times
Posted Jan 10, 2002
|Second Skin (2000)
| ‐ New Times
Posted Dec 14, 2001
|Second Time Around (2001)
| "Vera's technical prowess ends up selling his film short; he smoothes over hard truths even as he uncovers them." ‐ New Times
Posted Dec 6, 2001
|Punks (2001)
| "While this amiable romantic comedy ... is sure to please most of its target audience, others are going to leave the theater humming that Peggy Lee classic 'Is That All There Is?'" ‐ New Times
Posted Nov 15, 2001
|Burnt Money (2001)
| "Incredibly violent yet emotionally compelling." ‐ New Times
Posted Nov 1, 2001
|Intimacy (2001)
| "A lacerating study of sexual alienation." ‐ New Times
Posted Oct 18, 2001
|Downtown 81 (2001)
| "Director Edo Bertoglio and writer-producer Glenn O'Brien gave [Basquiat] little to do but walk around and look pretty." ‐ New Times
Posted Oct 18, 2001
|Sobreviviré (I Will Survive) (1999)
| "A thoughtful, well-acted and well-observed (though bleak) look at what some people have to put up with to get through life." ‐ New Times
Posted Oct 4, 2001
|The Debut (2000)
| "All involved seem keyed into the subtextual subtleties of a story that, while simple on the surface, is exceedingly rich underneath." ‐ New Times
Posted Oct 4, 2001
|The Iron Ladies (2001)
| "Where The Iron Ladies makes its mark, and holds our interest, is in the way it integrates old-fashioned 'low' comedy with social observation." ‐ New Times
Posted Sep 20, 2001
|Come Undone (2000)
| "Charged by Rideau's amazingly sexy performance as the most forthright gay character put on screen to date." ‐ New Times
Posted Sep 6, 2001
|Our Lady of the Assassins (2001)
| "What's truly upsetting about Barbet Schroeder's film, adapted from Fernando Vallejo's autobiographical novel, is the clear-eyed, resolute way it offers us access to a world that few outside it know of -- or would want to know." ‐ New Times
Posted Sep 6, 2001
|Speedway Junky (2002)
| "The film belongs to Jordan Brower, whose every appearance breaks one's heart, and makes some otherwise familiar material come alive." ‐ New Times
Posted Aug 30, 2001
|The Monkey's Mask (2001)
| "Think Basic Instinct with brains, and you've got it." ‐ New Times
Posted Aug 9, 2001
|Adventures of Felix (2001)
| "A film whose surface charm never gets in the way of its profound seriousness about living life to the fullest." ‐ New Times
Posted Aug 9, 2001
|Hedwig and the Angry Inch (2001)
| "Offers an enormous amount of pure silly fun for the entire non-nuclear family, no matter what gender they may be." ‐ New Times
Posted Jul 19, 2001
|Big Eden (2001)
| "Has all the crowd-pleasing elements moviegoers respond to." ‐ New Times
Posted Jun 1, 2001
|The Low Down (2001)
| "If you want to get in on the ground floor of Aidan Gillen's certain-to-be-skyrocketing career, it's a good place to start." ‐ New Times
Posted Apr 19, 2001
|Before Night Falls (2001)
| "A truly amazing performance by Javier Bardem." ‐ New Times
Posted Dec 21, 2000
|Play It to the Bone (1999)
| "Dazed and confused." ‐ New Times
Posted Jan 1, 2000
|Cecil B. Demented (2000)
| "Cecil B. Demented is essential viewing." ‐ New Times
Posted Jan 1, 2000
Showing 1 - 43 of 43


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Summit's Logan O'Farrell, left, and Presley O'Farrell, bottom, tie up Great Plains Lutheran's Amy Wockenfuss during their Eastern Coteau Conference girls basketball game Tuesday night in Watertown. Looking on is Great Plains Lutheran's Leah Gosch. (Public Opinion Photo by Boyd Tesch)
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Home > Indexes > HP > C4941A
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Manufacturer Part# C4941A
UPC Code: 025184252755
Provantage Code: HEWI039
Condition: Factory New
Note: We Are Unable to Sell this Product to Dealers.Provantage is authorized to only sell this product to a final purchaser or licensee that has acquired it for their own use and not for resale, remarketing or distribution.
Printing > Printer / Copier Consumables > Toner / Cartridges / Ribbons
HP 83 DesignJet 5000/5500 Ser Cyan UV Ink Cartridge 680ml C4941A
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Shop with confidence! Provantage is an authorized HP dealer.


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Audiobooks are turning to Hollywood to bring classic novels to life
Audiobooks are turning to Hollywood to bring classic novels to life
"I'm not so sure I got directed as opposed to them allowing me to go into the booth and have as much fun as I could finding the characters and their voices," says Jackson.
Hoffman agrees, adding that reading an audiobook is "a specific kind of talent."
"I don't think I'm good at it. I don't think it comes easily," says Hoffman, who had to stop reading after three hours each day because the task of visualizing the story a step ahead of vocalizing it made him tired. "With acting, you're working off of other people. With this, it's very different."
Plus "Being There" is "written in an almost skeletal way," says Hoffman. "It's lean and almost like a prose poem … and nothing like Jerzy himself, who was a rapid-fire speaker in life — he never paused, there were no periods or commas."
Katz isn't worried about Hoffman's performance, however, which he says is one of many that make listeners realize "why our great actors are our great actors."
"I think they're seeing that they really get to exercise different muscles as actors, and they get a lot of creative control," says Katz. "They're effectively more like the director and actor in that booth, and they're making all sorts of sophisticated decisions, so it's challenging to them."
It's also rewarding to think of spreading knowledge through the ancient art of storytelling, says Jackson.
Reading helps you "explore the world of the mind in a specific way," he says. "I'm always pleased to do that, and I've always fancied myself a storyteller, so this is right down the sightline of what I think is important and viable about passing on literature."
The cost is $14.95 per book, and customers can listen on their computer or download it to any Apple listening device, such as an iPod or iPhone. The books can also be burned to CD via iTunes.
To expand its inventory, Audible.com maintains offices in Germany, France, the U.K. and Japan and also hosts seminars at prominent drama schools across the country, including Juilliard, NYU's Tisch and UCLA, aimed at training actors to perform on audiobooks.
"I've been consistently told that this is one of the only growth markets in the acting business," says Katz. "When it's done right, there is a subtle take on voices — you hear great phrasing, like great singers — all of this to bring words on paper to life, which is what actors do with scripts."
Except that with scripts, actors can sometimes change a word here and there. Not so with audiobooks, says Hoffman, whose director would have him read a passage again if "I said one word that was off, or pluralized a singular. He caught it, and he was looking at each word. He had done his homework — so had I — but he was smarter than me."
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Asian Tech Stock Weekly Review (September 14-20, 2009)IRG Ltd • Sep. 21, 2009
Chinese Tech Stock Weekly Summary (5/12-5/18)IRG Ltd • May 20, 2008 • 3 Comments
Chinese Tech Stock Weekly SummaryIRG Ltd • Jun. 12, 2007
Company Description
Kingdee International Software Group Co., Ltd provides enterprise management software and internet service in China and Asia Pacific region.
Sector: Services
Industry: Computers Wholesale
Country: China
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Enter your mobile number below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required.
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Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World Revised Edition
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Top Customer Reviews
According to Said, American journalists, who tend not to know the languages, or much about the culture of the places they report from, rely on such slanted academic studies for their understanding of the Islamic world, and allow it to color almost everything they write. As a result, reporting from Islamic countries is not only shallow, but often filled with insults and ethnic slurs that no editor would accept if the reporter were writing about any other group of people.Read more ›
New York Times, Chicago Tribune, Washington Post--stop publishing this trash about Islam that you call journalism and feeding the entertainment craze that evokes memories of Rambo-esque American bravery against fanatics, terrorists, and extremists. Life is not an action movie with a good guy and a bad guy, like you would want the American public to believe.
I highly recommend this book to anyone who wants to get past the excessively simplistic, racist, anti-Muslim, anti-Islam, and anti-Arab (and thereby, anti-Semitic as well--no, Jews aren't the only, or even the most numerous Semites, Arabs are Semites, too...) views so completely represented by the American media.
My advice to those who want to learn about the Middle East, Islam, and Muslims in general--DON'T believe what you read in newspapers or in books by journalists (they represent a tiny fraction of what's actually going on those parts of the world, and even that is pseudo-intellectual rubbish). Read bona fide history books that have various viewpoints--American and non-American, Muslim and non-Muslim. And if you do happen to read the newspapers, keep a copy of Said's book next to you to help you expose the media's constant distortions.
Media bias is helping to spread negatives stereotypes of all Muslims. For example, after 9/11 a few hundred Palestinians celebrated and it was shown all over the American media. Yet a million Palestinians held 5 minutes of silence in honor of the victims but this got no media coverage. ProOsama protests got huge media coverage, but the tens of thousands of Muslims around the world who held memorials were largely ignored. Muslim leaders and clerics all over the world condemned the attack but got little or no press. The problem is the Cold War is over and the media is looking for another bogeyman.
Another problem is that many American journalists don't know any Muslims, so they also write and portray things based on their own stereotypes. For example, if a study came out that 50% of Kuwaiti women are victims of domestic violence, the article would more than likely mention that Kuwait is a Muslim country. Yet if 50% of South African women were victims of domestic violence the predominant religion (Christianity) would not come up in the article.Read more ›
Most Recent Customer Reviews
Covering Islam (!981) by Edward Said is the third is a trio of analyses of how the West perceives Islam, with Orientalism (1978) and The Question of Palestine (1979) the other two. Read morePublished 7 months ago by Martin Asiner
I get the idea in the first 6 pages. The media exaggerates on Islam, but what doesn't the media exaggerate on.Published 17 months ago by Margarita
As valuable for its insights today as when it was published. Now, it also reads as a history of the heavily biased ideas about Islam and Islamism that have been churning through... Read morePublished 22 months ago by J. C. Chen
This book tells ALL about our media prejudices and the shortcomings of our journalists, writers, intellectuals, academics, etc., when it comes to Islam, Arabs and the Middle East. Read morePublished on September 3, 2013 by HW
The book provides readers not only with a different view on Islam, but also, with criticism on Orientalism. For those who like to broaden their minds, it is an excellent choice.Published on August 25, 2013 by SIMONE DE BRITO CORRÊA
Edward Said so eloquently gives us insight into the inherent prejudice in the so called free Western press. Read morePublished on May 30, 2013 by kadiya
An excellent look into media coverage of Islam broadly. My problem was with the methodology of the book. Read morePublished on January 14, 2013 by JT


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285 Reviews
This is fabulous (but you already knew that). Before I was hospitalized a year ago, one of my favourite restaurants was Hogs on The Hill near the University of Maryland campus. And one of their locally famous specialties was pulled pork – I could not get enough of the stuff, and often ordered extra to bring home and freeze. Of course, my low-salt diet put the brakes on my visiting that fine establishment. I had my local butcher call me when he got a fresh pig, and he cut me a huge pork butt from it. As soon as I got it home, I thought I heard it still oinking, so I took my wee butcher knife and stabbed it all over, just to make sure that it was dead. As I was rubbing it with your spice mixture (duplicated faithfully except for salt substitution) I poked some of the mix deep into the wounds that I had inflicted. Then, after overnight resting and subsequent re-rubbing, I slow-roasted it at 250°F for close to 9 hours. The beast was so tender that it almost "pulled" itself and fell into chunks as I was trying to lift it out of the roasting pan. The outside was almost charred, and yet it was glistening moist and had me nibbling on the burned bits as I was completing the "pulling" process. Your sauce was amazing. Because I had a large cut of meat to begin with, I had to make a second batch of sauce in order to have enough to be able to serve additional sauce. Even prior to making your sauce recipe, I have found myself using dates more and more in other savoury sauces – they really add oomph to it. My wife, who previously disliked most pork dishes, wanted me to make a point of awarding your recipe a whole bunch of frequent flier miles. She took pulled pork sandwiches to work for lunch 3 days in a row.
Since we don't eat pork I made Pulled Cow. It's really the rub and sauce that are the stars of this show! I used a dark brown sugar instead of the turbinado sugar, and double the quantity of minced dates. Heaven! I served this with mashed potatoes and my kids were practically licking their plates clean! My BH had 2 1/2 helpings and had to be rolled from the table. I think this would work well with almost any kind of meat. Thanks, Mean Chef, this has already started to make the rounds in my community!
Absolutely awesome! So tender, so juicy, so delicious! The sauce is a little sweet and very tasty - the pork is indescribable. Everyone raved over this! I think I love you, MEANCHEF!
Fantastic method and a great rub. With just the two of us it's hard to justify cooking a whole Boston Butt, so I did a 2 lb loil roast with the same method. I brined the meat in 1/2 cup of salt, 1 cup of sugar and 1 qt of cold water for 2 hrs, let the rub sit on for 4 hrs. I didn't bring it up to room temperature before putting it in the oven. It cooked for 4.5 hrs to an internal temperature of 198 degrees. It was fall-apart tender with tons of flavor! Thanks MC for a terrific recipe.
A rave for this one! I join the others in rating this just great. I used the recipe exactly….except for two things. My market had thick sliced port butt on sale and since it was half the price of their whole butt I opted to use that. I was somewhat concerned about the amount of spice, since I had so much more surface to rub. But, not to fear, it was wonderful. My thick chops were wonderful even before the pulling and the saucing. Also, I forgot to buy a tomato and didn't want to open the extra large can I had, so I put in a squeeze of tomato paste from a tube I keep in the fridge for just such emergencies.
Fabulous, as promised! I didn't change a thing. The meat is oh-so-tender & the sauce is absolutely out of this world! DH suggested making up the sauce to use as BBQ for ribs, chicken, whatever - which, YES, I plan to do in the future. I served the meat on warm tortillas with sides of shredded lettuce and chopped onion, so each could make their own to their liking. Thanks, MC! - 5 stars!!!
Absolutely fantastic! I've made this 3 times now, and it is a stunner every time. It is also the easiest thing in the world to cook and get right. Everyone who eats it wants the recipe. An interesting thing happened with one of them which I will relay in case it helps anyone. My friend insists that anything can be put into a crockpot and taste just as good. So she did hers in a crockpot and invited me to dinner. First of all, it seemed to take a much longer time. After 9 hours it had only reached about 160* F and was definitely nowhere near ready to "pull". So she put the heat up and finished it in a hurry. When the meat emerged it had a strange, slimy, yellowy coating, not at all appetising to look at. The taste was just ok, but missing was the wonderful crust that develops slowly with the juice coming out of the pork in dry heat. Back to the real thing: it makes fabulous sandwiches the next day, especially with the pigpickin' sauce drizzled over them. It also makes a great sandwich put under the broiler with some havarti cheese and jalepenos on top. Great, great recipe.
Wonderful recipe! The only change I made was to use green onions instead of shallots (couldn't find any). I made the Molasses Barbecue Sauce and the Pig Pickin Sauce to accompany the pork. Half liked the Molasses, the other half the Pig Picking Sauce. I guess I'll have to make both sauces every time I make this recipe. I served this with barbecued beans and coleslaw.
Well...I am a believer. I'm Scandanavian and don't tolerate a lot of spices, so the paprika, pepper and cayanne were a stretch for me, but I hung in there am am so glad I did. I pulled the pork, then diced it and the spiced dispersed nicely with the sauce for a lovely flavor. I served it with garlic potatoes and froze half of the dinner for a later, no brainer dinner when we are in a hurry. Thanks for posting a wonderful recipe. I love slow cooking, especially on a rainy day. This is definitey a 5 star recipe...a rare honor.
WOW!!! Like everyone says, this was incredable, what a success!! Everyone that came now has the recipe. Followed everything exactly, but had to use regular brown sugar in the rub, it was wonderful anyway! In the fantastic sauce I had to use onions instead of shallots, couldn't get any decent shallots. It took about 8 1/2 hours and came apart so easily. As everyone in the thread said to use CWB, we found the cheepest possible and still can't figure why cheap white buns?? Although admittedly, they were perfect, don't know why! I made 3 different sauces, to see which we liked best and without doubt, your molasses bbq sauce was outstanding! (a bit sweet for me, but I was outnumbered!)Thanks Mean Chef for turning my thoughts about pulled pork around, dry heat is definately it and the rub is still tingling. The flavours were fantastic! There was some meat left over so I did it up in wraps and froze them, looking forward to some great lunches!


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Well established practice in Asheville North Carolina is looking for Full Time Physician Assistant to work along an Orthopedic Surgeon that specializes in spine Surgery.
Physician Assistant position open with Carolina Spine and Neurosurgery busy practice in Western North Carolina that specializes in Spine surgery.
Exceptional opportunity for a Certified Physician Assistant to join more than 140 other multi-specialty providers! Work in an established, thriving practice with a collegial, family-friendly environment.
Exceptional opportunity for a Certified Physician Assistant to join our Behavioral Health team. Work with an adult and geriatric patient base in a collegial, supportive environment.
Seeking additional Physician Assistants to provide coverage at McDowell Medical Associates (MMA) walk in clinic. Hours are Monday-Friday 8a-7p. Saturday 9-4 and Sunday 1-4. Beautiful state of the art facility!
Come join the Blue Ridge Medical Group at our Worksite Wellness Office located in Morganton, North Carolina!
JCMC NeuroSciences Center is seeking a lead Physician Assistant (PA) who can assistant the multidisciplinary care team in our new NeuroCritical care unit at a regional tertiary referral center.
Needed for well-established CVT practice in beautiful Johnson City, TN
Woodridge Hospital, located in Johnson City, Tennessee, is a 84-bed inpatient provider of mental health and chemical dependency services for adults, adolescents, and children ages 6 and older.
Piney Flats Urgent Care located in Piney Flats, TN has an immediate need for a mid-level to work at the Piney Flats Urgent Care.
Mountain States Health Alliance (MSHA) and Mountain States Medical Group (MSMG) MedWorks are currently seeking Experienced, Certified, TN Licensed, PA to work within an Employer On-Site Clinic, located in Johnson City, TN.
Franklin Woods Community Hospital, has approximately 240,000 square feet and was built on a 25-acre lot inside Med Tech Park.
Orthopaedic practice in Spartanburg, SC, offers a great opportunity to assist established physician.
Spartanburg Regional is seeking a Physician Assistant to join the Medical Group of the Carolinas as a Float PA.
With twenty-eight locations, over 140 physicians, and over 80 physician assistants, OrthoCarolina is one of the most comprehensive providers of orthopedic medicine and surgery in the world.
Emergency Medicine Physician Assistant near Charlotte, NC
Carolinas HealthCare System (CHS) is the largest healthcare system in the Carolinas and operates one of the most successful Urgent Care networks in the Southeast.
Orthopedic Physician Assistant Opportunity with Employed Clinic in Lebanon, Virginia
ApolloMD is one of the fastest growing emergency medicine groups in the country and we offer our physicians flexible and equitable scheduling with a focus on quality of life.
Physician Assistant - Emergency Medicine 5p - 3a
Join an already established Hospital Medicine Practice and work when you want to.
Earn $120,000+
With thirty-eight locations, over 150 physicians, and over 90 physician assistants, OrthoCarolina is one of the most comprehensive providers of orthopedic medicine and surgery in the world.


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THE GREAT OUTDOORS — Smith Optics has received great customer feedback for their ChromaPop lenses, which optimize natural colors and provide improved clarity.
ATLANTA - Georgia State Parks & Historic Sites welcome more than 7.5 million visitors each year, yet with more than 60 locations across the Peach State, much is still uncharted territory. Ever wanted to know the rangers' favorite secret spots? The park system is now revealing "Hidden Gems" selected by those who know the parks best.
Hello, neighbors. Hope everyone is staying warm during our cold patch.
ZION NATIONAL PARK — A video that took three crew members 24 days to film and is made up of 35,000+ collective videos and photographs is a stunning testament to the beauty Zion National Park has to offer.
THE GREAT OUTDOORS — Family trips can require a lot of gear. If you've got young children, one of the biggest space-hoggers is the stroller.
Family members who engage in active hobbies get a boost of physical activity essential for one's heart, muscles and overall health. Aside from positive effects on the body, exercise is a good way to improve your kids' and your cognitive skills; and a recent study has linked exercise to improved thinking and memory skills. So it's no wonder family members who spend more time together outside have better relationships.
SOCIAL CIRCLE - Anglers can find the new 2016 Georgia Sport Fishing Regulations Guide online and in print, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources' Wildlife Resources Division recently announced.
SAVANNAH - With Georgia's oyster season in full swing, the University of Georgia Marine Extension has opened the state's first oyster hatchery, which is expected to revive the once-thriving oyster industry in Georgia.
Welcome to a new year, friends and neighbors:
The 20-year effort to build a bicycle-pedestrian path through coastal Georgia from Savannah to St. Marys has been given a strong boost by a special study committee of the Georgia General Assembly.
Whelk season open in Ga.
BRUNSWICK - Georgia Department of Natural Resources Commissioner Mark Williams has announced that during a fall meeting, the Board of Natural Resources approved an increase in the minimum-size limit for spotted sea trout from 13 inches to 14 inches, total length.
ASHEVILLE, N.C. - For those wanting to learn more about a trek on the Appalachian Trail, now's your chance.
I love my job as a fitness instructor. When I was younger, I would get up early to watch Denise Austin "pump it up" on ESPN. Occasionally I would even do the workouts along with her. But mostly I would watch and wish my life to be like hers. She got paid to work out, and once in a while she got to work out on a Hawaiian beach. She got paid! After 25 years of envious viewing, I'm now living that dream (minus the Hawaiian beach — but I'm not dead yet).
QUEEN CREEK, Arizona — Catch and release fishing is great, but when safe handling techniques aren't used, fish often die shortly after being released. An Arizona-based company is developing a scale that significantly reduces the amount of handling required to measure a fish.
Sometimes not doing something is a really good decision.
Well, friends and neighbors, I hope you are staying cool in this summer heat. Be aware of your surroundings. If you have folks who are ...
THE BAHAMAS — Simply being in the water near sharks is enough to make most people feel uncomfortable. But how about having a 10-foot shark ram ...
NOAA Fisheries has announced changes in regulations for blueline tilefish, black sea bass and yellowtail snapper in federal waters of the South Atlantic Region that ...
Every year I put out a list of my favorite podcasts to run to. I am an admitted podcast junkie. Since I first found the ...
THE GREAT OUTDOORS — I'm not exceptionally outdoorsy.
AUSTRALIA — A new YouTube video offers a glimpse into the frightening speed and stealth with which a great white shark can strike.
Birthday celebrations should not be limited to children or milestone birthdays. Isn't every birthday a milestone? Shouldn't every year we get older be ...
SOCIAL CIRCLE - Fishing for catfish can put delicious meals on the table.
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Bernie Ecclestone's mother-in-law kidnapped in Brazil: reports
The mother-in-law of Formula One boss Bernie Ecclestone has been kidnapped for ransom in her home city of Sao Paulo, Brazilian media reported Tuesday. Aparecida Schunck Flosi Palmeira, 67, was seized Friday night in Interlagos, the Sao Paulo neighborhood that hosts the Brazilian circuit of the F1…AFP
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Browns a different team with Gordon
The Cleveland Browns learned that wide receiver Josh Gordon will be reinstated to the team after a four game suspension. Number 12 will get a chance to play 12 this year. The Cleveland Browns are set to get their superstar receiver back in week five against the Patriots. It is rare that one player…Cover32
Jeff Hardy Knows Exactly How He Wants His Wrestling Career To End
Since 2010, former WWE Champion Jeff Hardy has made a home for himself over at TNA. Well, Hardy is still under TNA contract until February 2017, but he has made no secret about wanting to return to WWE for one last run before he hangs up his boots. In a new interview with LA Weekly (conducted at…UPROXX
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Brett Favre picked a rare but familiar Hall of Fame presenter
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PGA Championship Long Drive Competition: Results, Highlights
SPRINGFIELD, N.J. -- The PGA Championship's long drive competition is back.The contest will take place on the 1st tee from 7 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Tuesday at Baltusrol. It started in 1952, was MIA from 1965-73 and reappeared for the first time in more than two decades at Valhalla in 2014. (Louis…Golf
Kyrgios laments preparation again after Shapovalov shock follows Pokemon Go talk
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Meet Team USA gymnast Laurie Hernandez (5 photos)
Laurie Hernandez keeps insisting she's too young to know better. That she's so new to this whole Olympics thing, she doesn't know she's supposed to be scared. "You just kind of have to act naive to it," the 16-year-old said with a shrug. "It's just another meet. The arena is just a little bigger…Amber Matsumoto
Is Saints QB-WR-RB trio one of NFL's best?
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Boone States the Obvious about 49ers quarterback position
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Power Rankings: Kyle Busch ascends to No. 1 after Indy win
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Vettel supports Hamilton in yellow-flag row
Sebastian Vettel backed world champion Lewis Hamilton's opinion that Nico Rosberg should have been penalised for driving through yellow flags in qualifying at the Hungarian Grand Prix. The four-time world champion on Monday repeated the view of race winner Hamilton by saying that it was a bad…AFP
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Packers' Jordy Nelson suffers 'hiccup' in other knee; timetable unknown
Wide receiver Jordy Nelson spent the first day of Green Bay Packers training camp watching his teammates run around, unable to practice because he's on the PUP (Physically Unable to Perform) list to start out. Nelson suffered a torn ACL in his right knee that ended his 2015 season prematurely.…Shutdown Corner
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An Insanely Rich Formula 1 Executive's Mother-In-Law Is Being Held For A $36.5 Million Ransom In Rio
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Upset over contract status, Chiefs' Eric Berry won't report to camp
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Sally Field Gets Touching Last "Goodbye" From Burt
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"Ghostbusters": 11 Things the Sequel Needs to Do to Succeed
On the heels of The Powerpuff Girls, the Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice trailer has received the Grand Theft Auto V treatment that we didn't realize we wanted (until now).
I'm not sure what's better, "Bruce Wayne" driving a compact car, the Michael Keaton graffiti or the horror that is "Doomsday." Before you decide, though, brace yourselves for the grand entrance of "Wonder Woman."
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I'm devastated just reading this article. I would've been a mess at the press conference. Shame on politicians who think *any* death on our streets for the sake of speedy travel by cars is … [Read more...]
VISION ZERO: 'We're asking our politicians to act': Victims of Toronto's deadly streets call for change
VISION ZERO: Friends and family of road violence victims call for end to traffic fatalities and serious injuries
Friends and family of road violence victims gathered at Nathan Phillips Square to call on City Council for an end to traffic-related fatalities and severe injuries. Council is set to vote on the new … [Read more...]
VISION ZERO: Mayor John Tory responds to criticism by embracing Vision Zero road safety plan
For a guy who doesn't bike often, he sure is backpedaling furiously... although let's note that he's not offering a date as a goal. Toronto's new road safety plan has gone from "Zero Vision" … [Read more...]
VISION ZERO: Toronto mayor vows quicker action on road safety after intense criticism
It looks like Mayor Tory and Public Works Chair Jaye Robinson have started to realize you can't promise to end road deaths in Toronto and then only commit to reducing deaths 20% over 10 years. The … [Read more...]
VISION ZERO FAILURE: Toronto says "Let's Save Lives", but not too many, because cars are more important, mmmkay?
Today in "politicians failing people spectacularly", the mayor and chair of public works, Jaye Robinson, who *literally* just said "There's no level of fatalities that are acceptable and my vision is … [Read more...]
VISION ZERO: Why Metro is pushing to fix Toronto's deadly streets
In advance of an road safety announcement today by Councillor Jaye Robinson, chair of the Public Works Committee, Metro newspaper has started a series of stories about the high death toll of designing … [Read more...]
NEWS: Riskiest spots for pedestrians and cyclists get new rules in road-safety plan
The strategy, in the works for over a year, aims to reduce the number of vulnerable road users killed and hurt on the city's roads. "I think the stats speak for themselves. We can no longer ignore … [Read more...]
NEWS: 10 Year Cycling Network Plan passes Toronto City Council, with most major streets ignored.
The 10 year cycling network plan passed Council today, unanimously, through a lot of compromise. While east end councillors, (with the support of Cycle Toronto volunteers, business owners, business … [Read more...]
FAILURE: Police brag about 273 tickets over 5 days in bike lane parking crackdown
Seriously? How is 273 tickets over 5 days a success? Police added a dozen officers last week to focus *solely* on bike lane parking. 273 tickets over 5 days by 12 officers is 4.5 tickets per … [Read more...]
MUST READ: All the collisions involving pedestrians and cyclists in just the last month
NOW Magazine mapped the collisions involving cars and cyclists or pedestrians reported by police (and compiled by @StruckTOBot, covered in this blog post) in just May 2016. In just 1 month, 10 … [Read more...]
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Medical emergency results in tie vote, killing soda-tax bill
MONTPELIER — A Vermont House committee has killed legislation that would have levied a new tax on sugary soft drinks and used the money to pay for public health education and to help smooth the transition to a health care overhaul.
In a move that drew the comment "Holy Smokes!" from a member of the Senate Health and Welfare committee, the House panel voted 5-5 on the measure. The tie vote killed the bill the committee had spent weeks drafting.
The tie vote came after committee members said a supporter of the bill, Rep. George Till, who is an obstetrician-gynecologist, had to leave for a medical emergency.
The vote appears to mean there won't be a new tax on sugar sweetened beverages.MORE IN This Just In
BERLIN — A Northfield man is accused of driving drunk in Berlin. Full Story
MENDON — Vermont State Police say a one-car crash that left a vehicle... Full Story
GUILFORD — Vermont fire investigators say an explosion that destroyed a... Full Story
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E3 still on despite California's swine flu concerns
E3 organizers say the show must go on, despite the State of Emergency issued by 'governator' Arnold Schwarzenegger over swine flu concerns.
"The 2009 E3 Expo is progressing as planned," an ESA spokesperson told MCV. "Public health officials are taking all appropriate steps and we continue to follow their direction on all measures.
"We look forward to a great event, and to seeing you in Los Angeles in June."
E3 takes place June 2 to 4 in Los Angeles.
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A Look at the Best CBC Pregame Montages
Jeff Angus
May 02 2013 10:35AM
Ray Ferraro, Chris Cuthbert, and the rest of the TSN crew did a phenomenal job calling Game 1. Ferraro is one of the best colour guys in the business, while CBC likely rues the day they let Cuthbert jump ship over to TSN. That being said, we are now missing out on the awesome CBC montages put together before each game.The music choices are usually phenomenal and work well with the chosen clips. Let's take a look at some of the best Canuck montages from recent years.
Sharks, Couture Take Game 1 and Home Ice Advantage from the Canucks
Thomas Drance
May 02 2013 01:12AM
Logan Couture powered the Sharks to victory in Game 1 of their first round series against the Canucks.
(Photo by Jeff Vinnick/NHLI via Getty Images)
On Wednesday night the Vancouver Canucks opened the 2013 playoffs with a three to one loss at home against the San Jose Sharks. For the most part the game unfolded as we expected as game one was tightly contested, evenly matched, and extremely physical. There isn't a lot of daylight separating the Sharks from the Canucks in terms of overall team quality, and on a night where a sixty minute effort was required from the hockey club in order to stack the deck in their favour, the Canucks only really gave twenty.
It was the team's fifth straight home loss in the postseason dating back to game seven of the 2011 Stanley Cup Final, a fact that might provide us with a partial answer to the question, "why aren't Canucks playoff tickets selling like hot cakes this spring?"
Read past the jump for more analysis and scoring chance data.
Late Afternoon Headshots: May 1st
Thomas Drance
May 01 2013 06:18PM
Image via Brendan Hoare.
Today at our hockey blog we reacted to the news that Roberto Luongo will start game one, unveiled our new partnership with PlayNow Sports that includes a wicked offer for CanucksArmy readers and set up tonight's game with a podcast. Of course if you want to read our absurdly exhaustive series preview, do that before the playoff opener!
Read past the jump for more Canucks news and stuff!
CanucksArmy Podcast: Episode 3 Playoff Game Day Edition
CanucksArmy Podcast
May 01 2013 04:12PM
Photo Uncredited via FarmClub.net
I figured it would make sense to cut a quick playoff game day episode of the CanucksArmy podcast ahead of the playoffs, so here it is for your listening pleasure. Joining me on Wednesday is Derek Tanabe of Fear the Fin, and Harrison Mooney of Pass it to Bulis and Puck Daddy.
Read past the jump to check it out.
@PlayNowSports Presents: This Week Straight Up. May 1st - 5th
Thomas Drance
May 01 2013 01:24PM
CanucksArmy.com and PlayNow Sports are proud to launch a new partnership between our humble hockey blog and their fun, legal on-line sports book. Going forward this post will appear every Monday afternoon at CanucksArmy.com, but today to launch the partnership, we're bringing you a special Wednesday Edition of "This Week Straight Up."
We at CanucksArmy are big supporters of sports betting, in part because we buy into the Nate Silver theory that putting your money where your prediction is will help improve the aggregate accuracy of forecasting. So this is a natural fit for us. That said, make sure to gamble for fun (or for bragging rights), not to make money. From all of us at CanucksArmy and PlayNow: a gentle reminder to use your game sense!
Read past the jump for special offers to CanucksArmy.com readers from PlayNow Sports, and for a preview of this upcoming week in NHL hockey!


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Star Tracks
The Hannah Montana star kicks off the celebration early on the The Ellen DeGeneres Show. Plus: Beyoncé, Posh & Eva and more
Credit: Donato Sardella/WireImage
Published: Wednesday Nov 19, 2008 | 05:00 PM EST
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 27, 1993
|Filing date
|Jan 23, 1992
|Priority date
|Feb 19, 1991
|Fee status
|Publication number
|John M. Clarke, James J. Faletti
|Original Assignee
|Caterpillar Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (51), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (20), Classifications (29), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a division of application Ser. No. 656,653, filed Feb. 19, 1991, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,117,790.
1. Field of the Invention
The field of the invention relates generally to the control of operational modes of combustion engines. More particularly, the invention relates to control of an advanced concept engine (ACE) using flexible valve and injection events on a per cylinder basis.
2. Related Art
Control of internal combustion engines has received substantial attention in the past several decades. Compression and spark ignition engine designs have attempted to achieve increased flexibility of engine operation. A plethora of designs and patents have been directed to independent intake and exhaust valve actuation and electronic fuel injection. Many of these are directed to computers and feedback systems for controlling engine timing. Systems using independent valve actuation and electronic fuel injection have been conceived to perform engine operational modes not attainable by cam-based engines. However, the embodiments of the instant invention use fully flexible valve and injection events to achieve mixed mode engine operation by varying the order of events on a per cylinder basis.
The above systems that use independent valve actuation and electronic fuel injection employ several methods for valve and injector actuation. Electronically or computer controlled solenoids, electromagnetic transducers and piezoelectric stacks are used for direct actuation. Alternatively, solenoids, transducers and/or stacks are used to control hydraulic valves which in turn actuate cylinder valves and injectors. The opening and closing of valves and injectors in camless systems is typically controlled as a function of some engine parameter such as speed or angular position of the crankshaft.
One example of a dual exhaust valve actuation system is disclosed in GB 2213873A. Two electronically controlled electromagnetic valves are used to switch hydraulic pressure, which in turn acts against the valve springs for counter biasing of the valves. GB 2213873A discloses early exhaust valve opening in order to increase the energy supplied to the turbocharger and thereby reduce turbo lag. A common technique for engine braking is also discussed in GB 2213873A. The exhaust valves are opened at top dead center to prevent energy recovery during the downward stroke of the engine. Moreover, operation of a four stroke engine in two stroke mode is believed to enhance engine braking.
Independent opening and closing of intake and exhaust valves is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,009,695 to Ule. Ule discloses four hydraulic actuation embodiments. One embodiment describes a pair of rotary hydraulic controlled valves which permit independent timing of intake and exhaust valves. However, as in conventional cam driven valve engines, Ule's system repeats the sequence or order of cylinder firing events for each like valve. Although the ordering of cylinder events are the same for each cylinder, Ule's system provides adaptable timing of intake and exhaust opening and closing. Ule further teaches control of cylinder charge volume by delayed closing of the intake valves. Ule attempts to minimize hydrocarbon emissions due to misfiring by preventing the formation of an intake vacuum.
A bistable electromechanical transducer is taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,794,890 to Richeson. Richeson's device includes a moving armature controlled by a latching permanent magnet and an electromagnetic repulsion unit for slowing valve motion near extreme valve-open and valve-closed positions. The device is designed for rapid valve opening and closing, i.e., short transition times between stable states. Like other camless systems, the actuation is independent of the engine speed. The valve timing, which is the point within the cycle when opening and closing starts, is also selectable.
The Richeson patent addresses various operational advantages due to electronic control of the electromechanical valve actuator. Exposure of the cylinders to the atmosphere during nonuse is prevented by closing all valves. A cold weather starting sequence begins with the exhaust valves closed and the intake valves open for compressionless cranking until a suitable speed is reached for starting. Spark ignition engine deceleration is accomplished by turning off cylinders by closing selected valves. Engine braking is done by changing valve timing to operate in a compression mode, as discussed above.
Examples of piezoelectric valve actuators are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,466,390 to Babitzka et al. and 4,593,658 to Moloney. Babitzka et al. disclose the addition of a piezoelectric stack to a cam driven valve. The stack is coupled with a hydraulic system to achieve shortened valve-open time modes. The Moloney patent is directed to a camless system which uses a piezoelectric stack coupled to an amplifying lever arm for direct actuation of a valve.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,589,345 to Benson, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,499,878 and 4,649,886 to Igashira et al., 3,927,652 to O,Neill, 4,180,022 to Khair et al. and 4,730,585 to Abe et al. teach piezoelectric stack actuated fuel injectors.
The instant invention is directed to a system for controlling a plurality of operational modes of an engine including valve and injection events, in which the engine comprises a plurality of cylinders having an intake and exhaust valve, an injector, a chamber and an intake and exhaust port, wherein the plurality of cylinders are connected by an intake and exhaust manifold.
The system comprises cylinder control means for governing an operational mode of each of the cylinders independently. The cylinder control unit comprises valve control means for controlling the operation of the intake and exhaust valves. The cylinder control unit is for controlling opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves in accordance with the independently governed operational mode of each cylinder.
The cylinder control unit also comprises injector control means for controlling the operation of each of the injectors. The injector control means controls fuel injection timing of each of the injectors, independently of the operation of the intake and exhaust valves.
The cylinder control means independently controls each of the cylinders to control the valve and injection events to achieve a plurality of operational modes for the engine.
The invention will be better understood if reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a high level block diagram representing a control system for an ACE engine in connection with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram representing a control system for a single cylinder of an ACE engine in connection with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a control system for a single cylinder of an ACE engine in connection with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a table representing exhaust, intake and injection events for various operational modes in connection with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart depicting a positive displacement pump mode of operation in connection with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart depicting a starting sequence mode of operation in connection with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart depicting a method for improving ACE engine efficiency and response in connection with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart depicting a method for determining cylinder and engine performance in connection with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart depicting a method for determining engine and cylinder friction in connection with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 10A and 10B show a simultaneous firing mode of operation in connection with the present invention.
Operating modes of an advanced concept engine (ACE engine) employ fully flexible valve and injection events on a per cylinder basis. Thus, the ordering of valve and injection events is different from one cylinder, or group of cylinders, to the next. Methods of engine operation in connection with embodiments of the instant invention have distinct performance and emissions advantages over conventional internal combustion engine cycles.
The ACE engine control system and method achieves complete flexibility in fuel injection timing and quantity. Moreover, the ACE engine control system and method permit fully independent inlet and exhaust valve opening and closing.
The combination of the above noted advantages yields independent control of each cylinder's mode of operation in a multi-cylinder, spark or compression internal combustion engine. The ordering of cylinder events may be different for separate groups of cylinders, or on a per cylinder basis.
The above effects can be controlled over an ACE engine's complete speed and torque ranges to achieve different mixed modes of engine operation as well. Control and optimization of power output is realizable on a per cylinder basis. Flexible timing facilitates improved engine braking capabilities. Faster upshifts can be achieved using the braking mode of the engine. Furthermore, the ACE engine control system and method uncomplicates split injection to reduce engine stress and noise.
Optimized part load is used to minimize fuel consumption for a given output by varying the load on particular cylinders. This includes shutting valves off. The added control facilitates smoother transition during cylinder and valve switching.
Single or multi-cylinder modified intake closing of an engine is also attained by closing either well before of after the piston reaches its extreme position at the end of the intake stroke. Modified intake closing can achieve a variable engine compression ratio through a reduction of the effective induction and compression strokes of the engine. This technique can compensate for extremely high cylinder pressure, at start-up for example, caused by high turbo boost which may occur on cold days at low altitude.
The ACE engine control system and method permit any number of cylinders to operate as a positive displacement pump. Intake valve(s) may be opened to draw air in through the intake port(s) during the induction stroke. The intake valve(s) are then closed, and the exhaust valve(s) are opened during the compression stroke to pump air through the exhaust port(s). Displacement pumping can be used in either 2- or 4-stroke operation of a 4-stroke engine, depending on pumping requirements.
A novel starting sequence is also an important feature of the ACE engine control system and method.
First, all cylinders are placed in a low work mode (i.e., no compression, therefore, a small starter motor can be used to crank the engine with low initial torque; perhaps with all valves shut, or in pump mode.
Second, most of the cylinders are switched into a low drag mode to inhibit air flow into the corresponding chambers through the intake ports (i.e., exhaust breathing mode).
Third, the remaining cylinder, or possibly a few cylinders, are switched into an air heating mode to heat air in the corresponding intake manifolds. This will also heat the cylinder's chamber. This air heating mode discharges compressed air back into the intake manifolds, by opening of the intake valves near the end of compression. The heated chamber(s) is then switched into normal operating mode with fuel.
Fourth, the other cylinders are switched into motoring mode to increase drag. Then the amount of fuel injected into the operating cylinders is increased to force strong heating.
Finally, the cylinders that were originally placed in the low work mode are brought on line sequentially.
Fast ACE engine response is achieved by switching a first plurality of cylinders to a braking mode to absorb power. This technique can nullify turbo lag. Then, a second plurality of cylinders are switched to a high load to compensate, and thus, increase exhaust temperature. The added energy in the exhaust increases the boost pressure of the turbocharger. An instantaneous supply of turbocharged air (high quantity) is thus available at any time to supply the first plurality of cylinders in the event they are switched to a load mode.
A structure for the ACE engine in connection with an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 at block diagram 100. An engine head, shown generally at 102, comprises cylinders 104 numbered C1-Cn, respectively. Operational modes of the control system are applicable to internal combustion engines of two or more cylinders. Each of the cylinders C1-Cn are shown connected to drivers 106 numbered D1--Dn. Drivers 106 are individually or jointly controlled by a microprocessor 108 via an output on a control bus 110.
A cylinder feedback bus 112 is provided to permit signals to be fed back directly to the microprocessor 108. Additional engine sensors 114 may also be provided to supply further data to the microprocessor 108 relating to thermodynamic and electromagnetic conditions of the engine and its components.
Operational modes of the control system have direct application to diesel engines such as the Caterpillar Inc. model 3176 or any compression or spark ignition internal combustion engine.
The microprocessor 108 provides computer control for the engine 102. However, the specifics of the hardware and software for implementing the computer control of the operational modes are not necessary to carry out embodiments in connection with the instant invention. Such specifics will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The conventional computer controlled systems set forth in the above section in conjunction with standard programming are also sufficient to carry out the operational modes in connection with embodiments of the instant invention.
The block diagram 200 at FIG. 2 shows a more detailed representation of a cylinder C1. The cylinder 204 includes an intake valve 220, an exhaust valve 222 and an injector 224. Only a single exhaust valve and injector are shown. However, it will become apparent to those skilled in the art that variations on the structure may be substituted. Three actuators A1--A3 are shown generally at FIG. 2 (see numeral 230). The actuators A1-A3 are powered by a driver 206 under the control of a microprocessor 208. Data feedback to the microprocessor 208 is shown as a single sensor at 214, but may take the form of other readily apparent structures.
Computer control of ACE engine operation is based on many factors. Specific engine structure, vehicle configuration and function, and engine variables such as cylinder pressure, exhaust temperature, crank shaft speed, angle and torque are several examples. These and other variables can be monitored by commonly available electromagnetic and semiconductor sensors. The sensors provide the raw data to the microprocessor which then processes the data along with programmed information to determine proper timing of cylinder events such as intake and exhaust value actuation and fuel injection. The microprocessor 208 generates signals for transmission over an output control bus 210 to the driver 206. The driver 206 in turn provides the necessary commands, signals or power to the actuators 230 for control of cylinder events.
The operational modes in connection with embodiments of the instant invention require that each cylinder's intake valve, exhaust valve, and injector be individually controllable. The ordering of cycle events for each cylinder is independently controllable on a per cylinder basis. To achieve independent control, the actuators 230 may comprise electromechanical, hydraulic, or piezoelectric devices to provide valves and injector actuation. The actuator devices 230 may require different power and/or signals and systems depending on the specific device employed. The driver 206 is shown as a single box only, for example.
A preferred structure for carrying out the operational modes in connection with embodiments of the instant invention is shown in FIG. 3. Actuation of the cylinder's (304) intake valve 320, exhaust valve 322, and injector 324 is performed by a single unit actuator 332. The actuator 332 comprises three solid state motor piezoelectric stacks 334. The powering of the solid state motors 334 is done by the driver 306 under control of the microprocessor 308. Data on cylinder operation and performance is provided to the microprocessor 308 via the sensors 314 as discussed above.
Several modes of operation in conjunction with the control system are shown at FIG. 4. The mode's name is found along the left hand column. Cylinder events for the exhaust valve, intake valve and injector are shown on the right. Four cycle events are shown under each of the three headings. The conventional labelling of the strokes has been adopted. The abbreviation "Exp" represents the expansion stroke. The abbreviation "Exh" represents the exhaust stroke. The "I" and "C" represent the injection and compression strokes, respectively.
Conventional high and low load operating modes are shown at the top of the figure. In both high and low load modes, the exhaust valve is open during the exhaust stroke and the intake valve is open during the intake stroke. The high and low load modes differ in the amount of injection during the transition between the compression and expansion strokes.
A conventional motoring mode is shown with actuation of both the exhaust and intake valves, and no fuel injection. Both exhaust and intake valves are closed during the closed motoring mode. As with the motoring mode, no injection takes places during the closed motoring mode.
Two braking modes are also shown in FIG. 4. In four-stroke braking mode, the exhaust valve is partially open during the transition between the compression and expansion strokes and is fully open during the exhaust stroke; the intake valve is open during the intake stroke. There is no fuel injection during four stroke or two-stroke braking mode. In two-stroke braking mode, the exhaust valve is partially open during stroke transition and is fully opened during the intake strokes.
The charge heating operating mode can be conducted either in four or two-stroke mode. Four-stroke charge heating is shown in FIG. 4. During four-stroke charge heating, the exhaust valve is closed and there is no fuel injection. The intake valve is partially open for the transition of the compression and expansion strokes and is fully opened during the remainder of the expansion stroke. The intake is partially open at the beginning of the intake stroke and fully opened during the remainder of the intake stroke. For exhaust breathing, the exhaust valve is held open for all strokes, the intake valve is kept closed and there is no fuel injection.
Four-stroke and two-stroke early intake closing are also shown in FIG. 4. The intake valve is closed part way through the intake stroke. Since reduction of the induction stroke effectively reduces the compression stroke, the cylinder's compression ratio is lowered as well. Lowering the compression ratio permits the engine to be run at very high output against the cylinder pressure limits without having to initially set the engine to a very low built in compression ratio.
A two-stroke positive displacement pump mode operation is shown at the bottom of FIG. 4. The corresponding flowchart is shown in FIG. 5. The operation of this mode is as follows: air is drawn into the cylinder during the intake stroke, as shown at block 502; next, the intake valve is closed; the exhaust valve is then opened, as shown at block 504; and the air is transferred to the exhaust manifold during the compression stroke, as shown at block 506.
In the positive displacement pump operational mode, one or more cylinders can be used to pump air. In this mode one half of the engine, or any number of cylinders can be used as an air pump. The pumped air may be vented and used for a variety of purposes. The positive displacement pump operational mode may be used to pump cargo such as powders or flour.
A flowchart depicting a starting sequence mode of operation in connection with the instant invention is shown at FIG. 6. Diesel engines have two different starting problems. First, diesel engines have a very high compression ratio which makes cranking of the engine difficult. Second, it is difficult for diesel engines to reach sufficiently high temperatures for rapid ignition during cold weather. Emission problems such as the generation of white smoke during the starting sequence also results from poor firing during the starting sequence.
The starting sequence of the instant invention prevents fuel injection to cylinders that may not fire and ensures combustion for those that undergo injection. To begin the starting sequence, all cylinders are placed in a mode of operation, such as exhaust breathing mode or closed motoring mode, to permit cranking of the engine using low torque. A small starting motor may be employed.
Next, a plurality of cylinders are placed into a low drag mode to inhibit air flow into the corresponding chambers, as shown at block 604. The exhaust breathing mode discussed above would be appropriate for low drag. A single cylinder is then switched into an air heating mode to heat air in a corresponding intake manifold and corresponding chamber, as shown at 606. More than one cylinder may be switched into the air heating mode at this time. Engine temperature, ambient temperature and other operating conditions may affect the number of cylinders that are first switched into the air heating mode.
At least one cylinder is then switched into a normal operating mode with fuel once the cylinder's corresponding chamber is sufficiently heated. This switching is shown in block 608. A number of other cylinders can then be switched into motoring mode to increase engine drag, as shown at 610. The next step of this sequence is to induce strong heating in the loaded cylinders by increasing the amount of fuel injection. See block 612.
The starting sequence operational mode continues to bring further cylinders on line in a similar manner as discussed above. Hence, the cylinders that were originally placed in the low work mode are brought on line sequentially. For example, a next cylinder is placed in the air heating mode, as depicted at 614. Once this cylinder's chamber is sufficiently heated, it is put in normal operating mode and its fuel injection is increased to induce strong heating, as shown at 616.
A conditional statement is shown at 618 at which time the microprocessor must determine whether further cylinders need to be brought on line. Loop 620 represents the condition that further cylinders require starting. The sequence is halted at 624 when the microprocessor determines that the engine starting sequence operational mode is complete (see block 622).
The ACE engine can be operated in a fast response mode to nullify turbo lag. This operational sequence is shown at FIG. 7.
A first plurality of cylinders are switched into the above-described braking mode observe power, as shown at block 702. Next, a second plurality of cylinders are switched to a high load mode to compensate for the braking mode of the first switched cylinders, and thus, increase exhaust temperature, as shown at 704.
The added energy in the exhaust increases the boost pressure of the turbo charger. A high quantity of surplus turbo charged air is then available at any time to supply the braking cylinders in the event that they are switched to a load mode. The power switching is shown at block 706.
The flexibility of the ACE engine control system can be adapted with built-in self-diagnostic capability by checking the behavior during specially designed testing procedures. The following are just a few examples of many possible diagnostic procedures.
ACE engine and individual cylinder performance can be determined by the sequence shown in FIG. 8. First, fuel is cut to a cylinder, as shown at block 802. Engine output is then monitored (see block 804) while the remaining cylinders are kept in normal operating load mode. This test is then conducted for the remaining cylinders, as shown at the conditional statement in block 806.
The microprocessor enters loop 808 if further cylinders are to be tested. The monitoring sequence is halted (see block at 814) when the microprocessor determines that no further cylinder(s) are to be tested. (This is represented by the legend "NO" at 812.) The performance of a predetermined cylinder(s), as well as overall engine output, is determined at block 816.
Another testing procedure is shown in FIG. 9. Engine friction can be determined by averaging the power required by each cylinder to crank the engine during the monitoring sequence. A first cylinder is placed in a load mode, as shown at block 902, while fuel is cut to the remaining cylinders (see block 904). The amount of power required to crank the engine is then monitored, as depicted at block 906. The microprocessor determines the remaining predetermined cylinder(s) for which the test is to be conducted at conditional statement 908. Loop 910 is entered by the microprocessor if it determines one or more cylinders are to be tested. The loop is exited (at block 914) when the microprocessor determines that the cylinder testing is complete and the process is halted at 916. Block 918 represents the calculations to be conducted by the microprocessor in determining engine friction.
The above diagnostics need not be limited to being performed on all cylinders, but may be applied to a single cylinder or to any group of cylinders. The microprocessor may determine when and on which cylinders these diagnostics are performed based on programming and/or sensor feedback. ACE engine diagnostics need not be limited to self testing but may be implemented by the operator or servicing personnel.
A simultaneous firing mode (SFM) comprises a re-scheduling of combustion events. Dominant engine configuration for heavy duty truck diesels is the six cylinder in-line. This conventional engine has a power stroke and exhaust "blow-down" process at each 120 degrees of crank rotation as shown in FIG. 10A (the Revolutions are marked at 0, 1 and 2 increments). When the cylinder exhaust valve opens, a rush of gas is discharged from the cylinder. This rapid "blow-down" sustains turbo charger speed, which is not attainable on an average mass flow basis. Hence, at low engine speeds turbo speed is largely maintained by the energy of these blown-down events.
This effect can be exaggerated by having two cylinders blowing down at the same time. The instant invention's above described independent control of valve and injector timing between cylinders can also be used to switch valves into SFM. In SFM, two cylinders are fired at the same time. After waiting double the normal interval, two more cylinders are fired. The SFM firing sequence is shown in FIG. 10B. In both FIGS. 10A and 10B, the narrow rectangles 1002 and 1004 represent energy transferred to the crank shaft. SFM results in higher turbocharger speed at low engine speed. The firing order or sequence is controlled to help transient response at low engine speeds.
While various embodiments of the instant invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example, and not limitation. Thus the breadth and scope of the instant invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined in accordance with the following claims and their equivalence.
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|U.S. Classification
|73/9, 73/114.01
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 26, 1994
|Certificate of correction
|Sep 4, 1996
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 21, 2000
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Sep 29, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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SiO2/high-¿ dielectric stacks will soon replace the conventional SiO2-based dielectric stacks in flash memory cells, as the thickness of SiO2 -based stacks is approaching its fundamental limit. The electron trap density in high-¿ layers is orders of magnitude higher than that in SiO2, which may introduce excessive leakage via trap-assisted tunneling current and become the limiting factor for the retention of memory cells. Understanding the properties of electron traps throughout the dielectric stack is essential for estimating the leakage current and for selecting materials and processes in order to reduce the leakage. However, detailed information on trap properties in the bulk of high-¿ layers is still missing. A recently developed two-pulse C-V measurement technique is used in this paper to investigate the energy and spatial distribution of electron traps throughout the SiO2/Al2O3 dielectric stacks. Four energy regions of electron traps have been observed. The shallower traps mainly above the Si conduction band bottom E CB are found distributed across the Al2O3 layer. A narrow band of traps below Si E CB with a bandwidth of about 0.1 eV can be observed near the SiO2/Al2O3 interface. Traps in the midlevel region corresponding to Si bandgap and traps in the deeper energy region mainly below Si valence band top are also observed. The postdeposition annealing in N2 has different impacts on the electron traps in different energy regions.


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I am expecting the result "slayers get m" but instead I get null?
Typing a regexp literal instead does work.
Another question: How do I get it to match whole words only, so that the result would be "slayers get" ?


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1. I did move here in 2009. I moved to Reverend Houston Dr. then moved to Riddle Dr. In late 2012.
2. I am not in violation of the ordinance
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4. Your viewers should see my full bio and make up their own minds. Http://www.linkedin.com/in/aaronday.
I hope you aren't discouraging people from considering me because you are concerned I will uncover some inappropriate transactions related to the construction of the school.
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