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Skip to comments.Junk DNA may not be so junky after all
Posted on 03/29/2006 5:46:20 PM PST by DaveLoneRanger
Researchers develop new tool to find gene control regions
Researchers at the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Johns Hopkins have invented a cost-effective and highly efficient way of analyzing what many have termed "junk" DNA and identified regions critical for controlling gene function. And they have found that these control regions from different species don't have to look alike to work alike.
The study will be published online at Science Express March 23.
The researchers developed a new system that uses zebrafish to test mammalian DNA and identify DNA sequences, known as enhancers, involved in turning on a gene. In studying RET, the major gene implicated in Hirschsprung disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN2), the team identified DNA sequences that can control RET but had not been identified using standard methods. Hirschsprung disease, also known as congenital megacolon, is a relatively common birth defect marked by bowel obstruction. MEN2 is an inherited predisposition to neuroendocrine cancers.
The notion that mutations in enhancers play a role in human disease progression has been difficult to confirm because usually enhancers are located in the 98 percent of the human genome that does not code for protein, termed non-coding DNA. Unlike DNA sequences that code for protein, non-coding DNA, sometimes referred to as "junk" DNA, follows few rules for organization and sequence patterns and therefore is more difficult to study.
"The difficulty with human genetic approaches to common disease is that we lack the power to precisely localize DNA sequences that are associated with disease, often leaving us immense stretches of DNA to look at," says one of the study's corresponding authors, Andy McCallion, Ph.D., an assistant professor in the McKusick-Nathans Institute. Most often one is limited to looking in the most obvious places, which may not yield the best results. "Until now," he says, "we've only been able to look under the lamplights for the car keys."
Traditionally, DNA sequences are thought to have to look similar to function similarly; this is how scientists identify genes in other species, a strategy best used for studying similar species. From an evolutionary standpoint, the last common ancestor of human and zebrafish lived more than 300 million years ago. Because DNA sequences in each species have changed over time, traditional methods of comparing DNA sequences between humans and zebrafish have failed to identify any potential enhancers around the RET gene because the DNA sequences differ too much.
That drove the Hopkins researchers to seek and develop this new system, by which virtually any DNA sequence can be tested for its ability to turn on a marker gene in zebrafish embryos. The system is a significant advance over current methods in this model species, allowing researchers to study more sequences in a shorter period of time. Using this, they identified several human enhancers able to control expression consistent with the zebrafish ret gene.
Zebrafish have become the ideal system for doing these types of large scale studies. They are small - only about a half inch in length - they grow quickly, and are relatively inexpensive to maintain compared to mice or rats. "Zebrafish are the only vertebrate embryo you can even think about doing this type of work in," says Shannon Fisher, M.D., Ph.D., the study's first author and an assistant professor in cell biology in Johns Hopkins' Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences.
The researchers' next steps are further study of the RET enhancers they found to identify other mutations that might contribute to Hirschsprung disease and MEN2, and to entice other investigators to collectively build a database of human enhancers. "If there's one thing we've learned here, it's that we are not very good at recognizing enhancers. We just don't know what they look like," says Fisher. "We are anxious for others to use this technology on their favorite genes."
Wikipedia claims junk DNA "is probably an evolutionary artifact that serves no present-day purpose."
Of course, "junk DNA" and "no present-day purpose" really mean "we don't know what function some DNA serves, so we'll call it junk DNA for now."
This ignorance is what led to saying the appendix is useless, or tonsils. (See: Do any vestigial organs exist in humans?)
As science progresses, new functions are being discovered for this "junk" DNA, and evolutionists are having to eat crow.
See also:
Junk DNA: evolutionary discards or Gods tools?
DNA: marvelous messages or mostly mess?
UCSD Study Shows 'Junk' DNA Has Evolutionary Importance
'Junk' throws up precious secret
Introns Stump Evolutionary Theorists
(( ping ))
Who ever said that tonsils are useless or vestigal? I've never heard that.
"Such large returns of conjecture from such small investment of fact"
If we ever get to the point of being able to accurately manipulate genes, would it be then possible to slip someone like Alec Baldwin a "gene pill" so he grows a penis on his head?
dna ping
You mean another one?
Alot of doctors used to believe that, its why removing tonsils was so popular for so many years.
I lucked out, my doctor (while being arrogant) was right in his point that if it was useless, then it wouldn't be there, and told my mother the other doctors were just idiots for always removing them.
In studying RET, the major gene implicated in Hirschsprung disease and multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN2), the team identified DNA sequences that can control RET but had not been identified using standard methods. Hirschsprung disease, also known as congenital megacolon, is a relatively common birth defect marked by bowel obstruction.
Will they claim this is the gay gene now???
Really... I saw someone the other day here on FR (one of the usual suspects) allude to junk DNA as having something to do with homosexual perversions.
Bill Clinton was trying to win the Stanley Cup in tonsil hockey!
The paper was written by members of the scientific community.
If they don't know what they're talking about, then nothing was shown.
Elementary logic is your friend.
Some non-coding DNA clearly does have a purpose. Some equally clearly does not. Finding a purpose for 0.001% of it doesn't really do much to change the picture.
Whether there's a lot or a little noncoding DNA has little effect on whether evolution is true or not. DNA sequences have their utility (coding sequences a GREAT utility, most noncoding sequences not so much), but DNA also exerts a cost. Just what those costs & benefits are will depend on the species, and could fall anywhere along the spectrum from strongly favoring no noncoding DNA to allowing vast amounts of the stuff.
Nature. 2004 Oct 21;431(7011):988-93. Related Articles, Links
Megabase deletions of gene deserts result in viable mice.
Nobrega MA, Zhu Y, Plajzer-Frick I, Afzal V, Rubin EM.
DOE Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA.
The functional importance of the roughly 98% of mammalian genomes not corresponding to protein coding sequences remains largely undetermined. Here we show that some large-scale deletions of the non-coding DNA referred to as gene deserts can be well tolerated by an organism. We deleted two large non-coding intervals, 1,511 kilobases and 845 kilobases in length, from the mouse genome. Viable mice homozygous for the deletions were generated and were indistinguishable from wild-type littermates with regard to morphology, reproductive fitness, growth, longevity and a variety of parameters assaying general homeostasis. Further detailed analysis of the expression of multiple genes bracketing the deletions revealed only minor expression differences in homozygous deletion and wild-type mice. Together, the two deleted segments harbour 1,243 non-coding sequences conserved between humans and rodents (more than 100 base pairs, 70% identity). Some of the deleted sequences might encode for functions unidentified in our screen; nonetheless, these studies further support the existence of potentially 'disposable DNA' in the genomes of mammals.
That's interesting. They removed 2.3 megabases, which sounds impressive, but it's only one tenth of one percent of the mouse genome.
However, on the ID hypothesis, *I'd* think there would be *no* unused DNA.
But until we can get a better description of the hypothetical designer's abilities and aims and so forth, no-one knows what to expect from the ID hypothesis.
Of course, "junk DNA" and "no present-day purpose" really mean "we don't know what function some DNA serves, so we'll call it junk DNA for now."
IOW, scientists haven't even begun to scratch the surface of what genetics is really all about.
All the doctors who used to remove them from kids as routine tonsillectomies years ago. It was when someone finally figured out they were there for a purpose that they quit taking them out unless it was needed.
He'd like that.
MM: IOW, scientists haven't even begun to scratch the surface of what genetics is really all about.
There are some interesting results, though. Something I've always found rather fascinating is the Fugu (Pufferfish) genome.
...the fugu genome is only 390 Mb, about one-eighth the size of the human genome, yet it contains a similar repertoire of genes to humans (Brenner et al., Nature 366:265-268, 1993)....
Here's a Science and sensibility (a blogger)'s take on it
So what makes Fugu's genome such a great model of our own? First, it is approximately seven and a half times smaller than our own and it was thought that, being a vertebrate, it would hold a total number of genes similar to our own genome.
Perhaps more importantly Fugu's genome contains very little so called repetitive DNA. Over half of your genome is made from small sequences of DNA repeated thousands or even millions of times, Fugu by comparison has 15% of its genome made from repetitive sequences.. The quickest way to sequence a genome is to sequence enough small stretches of DNA that you get a lot of overlapping sequences and all the fragments can be put together like a jigsaw puzzle.
To extend the jigsaw analogy repetitive sequences are like sky, hundreds of identically cut pieces of sky. Since they are all exactly the same it makes joining up overlapping sequences nearly impossible and since Fugu has less repetitive DNA it was easier to piece together the overlapping sequences.
The Fugu genome is now more or less completely sequenced and it has proved to be remarkably valuable tool. Fugu is effectively a "readers digest" version of the human genome - all the essential information with very little of the excessive baroque passages that litter our own DNA.
As well as the repetitive DNA mentioned earlier eukaryotic genes tend to contain large sections of DNA called introns that are never translated into proteins. In mammals these introns often account for more DNA that the actual coding sections of a gene.
The position of introns in genes is highly conserved between Fugu and human but the Fugu ones are routinely twenty times smaller. Additionally the space between genes is greatly reduced. Also 75% of the genes predicted from the human genome project are shared with Fugu
[extra paragraph breaks added]
This sounds like pretty significant research to me. What exactly do you think is wrong with it?
What are you talking about? You think these researchers aren't "evolutionists"?
I was told (IIRC, it was a while ago!) that they were useful, but that it was better to remove them if they were getting infected all the time. The downside of leaving them in being strep throats and so forth.
Still have mine, had tonsilitis about 5 years ago (I'm 58)
Oh, well, I'm sure it's better to leave 'em in. Especially now that we have antibiotics.
A good example of a vestigial organ is wisdom teeth. These are, in fact, slowly being eliminated by good old natural selection:
Occasionally, someone will die from an impacted wisdom tooth getting infected. This can happen where there's modern dentistry, but is commoner in less developed places.
If he dies before having children, ...
It's slow, and we're slowing it down, but if there were some meaningful way to bet on things a million years in the future, I'd put my money on people not having them.
forgot to ping you
Some non-coding DNA clearly does have a purpose. Some equally clearly does not.That you know of, you mean. By the way, never heard back from you regarding my last post to you. Was that you "letting me have the last word"? It looks like you're avoiding. I'm sure you're not, but that's how it looks.
I had two wisdom teeth, both were impacted, were horribly painful, and made me miserable..I had to have both of them removed when I was in high school...My best girlfriend had all 4 wisdom teeth,and all four were impacted...she had them removed, 2 one time, and 2 at another time...she was also miserable...
Now my husband never had any wisdom teeth...and neither one of my boys ever had wisdom teeth...and hopefully no grandchildren of mine(should I ever have any), will ever have to deal with impacted wisdom teeth...they are horrible...
One time an anti-evolutionist tried to tell me, that wisdom teeth were not vestigial, because they could be used if your teeth further front in the mouth fell out, then all the other teeth would move forward, and the wisdom teeth would then grow through...seems like a rather contorted made up idea making absolutely no sense...just an attempt to counter the idea that there really are vestigial organs...
Would you want someone Muntzing with your childs DNA? didn't think so.
Except that if scientists were wrong about the .001% they could be wrong about the rest, too. There's also the aspect that it appears that scientists are looking solely at the physical, mechanical (as it were) effects that DNA has on the human body. How are we to know what affect the DNA has on the aspects of human beings that connot be measured, such as self-consciousness, emotions, etc? The non-physical part of the human. As far as I've ever heard, scientists still haven't figured out what makes a human think and reason, have self-awareness, morals, emotions, apprectiation of beauty, empathy, etc... I don't know of any evolutionary purpose for some of those things, like what an appreciation for beauty, art, music, would have for survival. Why would they have developed? DNA could control some of those things and we wouldn't even have a clue yet.
[Muntz TVs]
irreducible complexity
No, but that's the usual nomencature; vestigial structure or something like that might be better
What is your theory on why they will slowly die out? Were our mouths once bigger than they are now?
I explained it above; they can kill people; AndysAndMikesMom could nave been on holiday in, say, Siberia or the Outback and died of infection.
Yes the average size of mouth has been decreasing; look at the display of evolutionary skulls (Post 75).
? Are mine not a problem because I have a big mouth? (don't answer that one!)
This is an example of where scientists lose credibility with the general public. They make blanket statements about things that are not well understood and then a short time later, have to revise or retract what they said. When this happens often enough, people get skeptical and stop believing what is announced.
Actually, that happened to me. I lost a couple of molars to decay and my teeth shifted forward and those wisdom teeth that came in behind there never gave me any trouble. The ones where I had all the molars did and I had to have them out.
Certainly it can happen that when one loses some teeth the other teeth can shift...the point to me tho, is this what wisdom teeth were meant for?.....I dont think that is their original purpose....most people do not lose their other teeth, at the age, where the wisdom teeth begin to try to erupt....for me and my girlfriend our wisdom teeth tried to erupt when we were in high school, for others, the teeth try to erupt a little later...but usually teenagers and those in their early 20s still have their molars, and its at that age that the wisdom teeth try to erupt...if they get badly infected, that could become a life-threatening situation...fortunately with modern dentistry, this is not a problem...
But having wisdom teeth to make up for other teeth that are lost is only an added benefit perhaps...but I just dont see it as being a reason for having wisdom teeth in the first place...
It should have quite a lot of effect. The ratio of "junk" DNA to normal DNA can be a very effective fudge factor to fit three sets of data which may not match otherwise, the fossil record and the estimated dates of the the branches between species, the genetic variance between those same species, and the rates of mutation that can be accomplished by species using natural selection.
The fossil record gives us an upper limit on the amount of time organisms split down two different branches. The rates of mutation of living species can be measured. If the difference in the DNA between two descendent species is to great to be bridged in the amount of time given by the fossil record, a fudge factor can be declared that a percentage of the DNA simply doesn't count. By finding "fitness" uses for DNA previously considered junk, scientists are gradually filling in the fudge factor, possibly until the fossil record and the DNA difference of particular descendants can no longer be explained by natural selection.
No, they found a purpose for a small part of it.
Reread the excerpts that Jennyp and I posted above. Jenny's had 2 million base-pairs removed from mice with no detectable damage at all. I don't know how many generations they've been through now.
The one I posted said that half our (and general mammalian) genome is composed of simple repeats. It also said another vertebrate can get by on one eighth the DNA.
It really does seem that a lot of it isn't used for anything.
This is an example of where scientists lose credibility with the general public.
Not really. If the initial estimate is 98%, and later research shows it's more like 95% or even 90%, very few people will even be aware of the change, and the great bulk of those who are won't consider it significant. There will always be people looking for an excuse to bash science, and to them any change in any previously-accepted hypothesis will do.
Perhaps the duplication of genetic material is just a failsafe to allow continuation of a species when a chunk of DNA is damaged, Or that the same change would have to happen in the identical strands to make a permanent change in the species. Just like if there were several computers running something, the extras are backups and self correcting mechanisms.
Although there was no detectable damage, I presume that was physically as far as defects or mutations. There has to be something controlling thought processes and consciousness and if it isn't DNA, then what is it? And if it is, then there would be no way of knowing what non-detectable changes might occur. Since mice can't communicate we couldn't know. The only real way of finding out is by doing it on people and THAT'S a scary thought.
On that note, I'm calling it a night.
Obvious example: mouse fur. A "furry" mutation would not survive in a hot climate, but come the next ice age, turning on a furriness gene might be the key to survival of the species. Tough luck if the gene that turned on furriness was one that we deleted.
I agree with other posters - we know hardly anything of how genes work, and we have decades (at least) of learning ahead of us. That's why I am opposed to GM organisms - we are meddling with a very complex mechanism in almost 99% ignorance.
Really!? I remember someone touting junk DNA as evidence of evolution. I think you might notice a difference between the words "junk" and "disposable". Scalpels are disposable.
See jennyp's post. If it can be removed with no discernable ill consequence, the probability is high it has no function.
Was that you "letting me have the last word"? It looks like you're avoiding. I'm sure you're not, but that's how it looks.
No, unlike B O'R, when I give someone the last word, I mean it. We know each others' issues. Evidently netiher of us feels they're worth acting on. The only rational thing to do then is to drop it.
Did anyone say definitively that this sequence had no function?
It is true that scientists intitially focussed on coding sequences and genes, and that agenic mechanisms of regulation weren't discovered until later. I don't think you could definitively show a sequence was junk unless you could delete it without consequence. But, as jennyp posted, there are big chunks of DNA that can be delected apparentkly without consequence. There are also transposable elements that are largely (note caveat!) without function; they appear to be genetic parasites. There is junk DNA, it's just a question of how much.
I fiond it amusing there are people who don't so science, whose occupation in life seems to be crowing when scientists make a mistake. I've seen this in other fields; there are always guys at a baseball game whose only delight is when someone makes an error. Schadenfreude isn't an attractive trait.
It might, but it doesn't. I have my wisdom teeth; I'm also missing one of my molars. The teeth haven't grown forward.
A quick look at the anatomy of the human jaw will show you why.
Another one of those dizzying moments when a YEer is this close to the truth. . . Evolutionary theory would in fact predict emerging functions for junk DNA. In all the junk DNA that accumulates through various mechanisms there is a lot of variation, and mutation occurs, and variation plus mutation is acted upon by natural selection to produce novel and unexpected functions.
Sometimes segments of the genome including genes do get duplicated. If this happens and there is a lot of that gene product needed evolution will favor the eventual emergence of a whole series of genes for this product, like the genes for ribosomes. If only a bit of the gene product is needed, the duplicate is then free to mutate and natural selection can drive a divergence between the two genes so that you get two specialized gene products fulfilling the need that was met before by a single ancestor gene product. This is what we've seen with the hemoglobin family or HOX genes. Other times a mutation kills the duplicated gene, converting it into a pseudogene, which typically is not transcribed. Usually these are relics in the genome that are not active and are only valuable to science for their use in tracing genetic phylogenies. Occasionally you'll find a pseudogene that is transcribed into RNA, but not processed into a protein. Most of these transcribed pseudogenes don't "do" anything--the RNA is degraded. However, some of them are fortuitously able to interact with the parent gene and regulate its transcription in a variety of ways.
Another example of non-coding but non-junk DNA is the palindromic sequences on the Y chromosome accumulated during its evolution. The Y chromosome is incapable of recombining with the X chromosome except at the tip, a pseudoautosomal region. Non-recombining chromosomes have a tendency to deteriorate with time as mutations build up and deletions occur. This is known as Muller's ratchet. Part of the Y chromosome's sequence is a reverse copy of important regions. The Y chromosome so far has escaped the ratchet by essentially recombining with itself. There's no guarantee for its long-term survival, though--one species of mole vole has dispensed with the Y chromosome altogether!
A final example of how junk DNA may not be junk DNA is that the three-dimensional shape of the chromosome can be important in gene transcription. A certain length of DNA may be useful between two chromosome regions for optimal transcription of these genes. Perhaps the DNA copes all right with a shorter segment in between, but when a retrotransposon (perhaps the fossil of an ancient virus?) splices itself in between these two regions and gives the chromosome some extra flexibility that aids transcription and makes the organism even more effective.
I expect we will find in future more adapted functions for junk DNA, although much of it will not yet have acquired a function.
My, my, the Lord has encrypted his anti-evolution firmware to confound the evo-hackers...
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by Zack Ford Feb 26, 2016
Nationwide, African Americans oppose discrimination against LGBT people at rates higher than any racial group.
by Zack Ford Feb 17, 2016
The American people don't actually want to wait, no matter what Mitch McConnell seems to believe.
by Marlene Cimons -- Guest Contributor Oct 16, 2015
"The big shift here is amongst Republicans, and it is a huge one," said Barry Rabe, a co-author of the poll.
by Josh Israel Sep 1, 2015
A stunning 54 percent of Republican voters also believe the president is a Muslim.
by Ryan Koronowski Aug 5, 2015
Several new polls find swing state voters and early state GOP primary voters support the Clean Power Plan. But Republican candidates aren't listening.
by Zack Ford Jun 24, 2015
The Family Research Council thinks that it's winning in public opinion. That's because it doesn't know how to read polls.
by Alice Ollstein May 28, 2015
"Only about 50 percent of the American people take the time to understand important issues," said Fox News host Bill O'Reilly.
by Zack Ford May 1, 2015
Chief Justice John Roberts expressed concern about ending the debate on same-sex marriage, but it doesn't add up.
by Jack Jenkins Apr 22, 2015
"Today, major religious groups reside on both sides of this issue and within many key groups—such as Catholics—support among rank and file members is now at odds with official church opposition."
by Tara Culp-Ressler Apr 20, 2015
We're asking Americans the wrong questions -- and the right ones make even pro-life people angry about the current state of restrictions.

subset: commoncrawl


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Wednesday, July 20, 2016
Estate Planning for the Rich and the Poor
Rich or poor an estate plan is an essential, so that your family can mourn your passing in peace. Dying intestate will leave your family sorting through your mess in a time of heightened emotional grief. And it will be up to a probate judge to divide your assets according to the law, which leaves you no control. You can potentially disinherit you wife or children. Additionally, if you do not create a will, the probate process can be very expensive and burdensome.
See Kansas & Missouri Estate Planning Blog, If My Client Isn't Leaving Millions, Does He Really Need an Estate Plan?, Wealth Management, July 8, 2016.
Special thanks to Jim Hillhouse (Professional Legal Marketing (PLM, Inc.)) for bringing this article to my attention.
July 20, 2016 in Estate Planning - Generally, Intestate Succession, Wills | Permalink | Comments (0)
Wednesday, June 29, 2016
Absence of Marriage License Does Not Invalidate Marriage
Following a divorce, a husband and wife reconciled in 2012 and married in late 2013 when the husband became hospitalized. The couple, however, did not obtain a marriage license, and the husband died intestate the day after the wedding. Shortly after his death, the wife's surviving spouse claim to her husband's estate was denied due to the absence of the marriage license. When the wife appealed this decision, the judge reviewed North Carolina and United States Supreme Court precedent, concluding that the lack of a marriage license did not invalidate the marriage. The only question left was whether the couple consented to be married, or rather, did they understand all the legal consequences of marriage. With no evidence to the contrary, their marriage was confirmed upon appeal, entitling the wife to her surviving spouse allowance.
See Julianne Tobin Wojay, Lack of License Didn't Invalidate Marriage, Bloomberg BNA Family Law Reporter, June 22, 2016.
Special thanks to Naomi Cahn (Harold H. Greene Professor of Law, George Washington University School of Law) for bringing this article to my attention.
June 29, 2016 in Estate Administration, Intestate Succession, New Cases | Permalink | Comments (0)
New Woman Claims to be Prince's Half-Sister
After Monday's court hearing to determine Prince's heirs, a woman is claiming to be Prince's half-sister, alleging that his father is not his biological father. Venita Jackson Leverette claims that her and Prince share the same father, a man that was previously in a relationship with Prince's mother. A DNA test could be permitted, but the Minnesota judge has already determined that this process will be lengthy.
See Chris Spargo, New Woman Stakes Her Claim for Slice of Prince's $300 Million Estate as she Claims to be His Half-Sister, Alleging the Singer Was Actually the Son of His Mother's Ex-Boyfriend, Daily Mail, June 28, 2016.
Special thanks to Joel Dobris (Professor of Law, UC Davis School of Law) for bringing this article to my attention.
June 29, 2016 in Current Events, Intestate Succession, Music, New Cases | Permalink | Comments (0)
Tuesday, June 28, 2016
Article on Louisiana Succession Law
Dorothy F. Jackson recently published an Article entitled, Contemporary Issues on Louisiana Law: Successions—To Be Shared Equally or to Share and Share Alike?, S.U. L. Rev. (forthcoming Spring 2016). Provided below is an introduction to the Article:
For many years, lawyers have sought to draft last wills and testaments in an effort to comport with their clients' wishes and to appeal to their clients' intellectual sensibilities. Sometimes lawyers are tempted to use flowery words or phrases to impress the prospective testator, who is a lay person. A thorough reading of the Louisiana Civil Code's provisions on legacies, joint or otherwise, should be carefully studied and understood by the attorney or notary before preparing or drafting a last will and testament. This article suggests that based upon the ambiguities that can result from the inarticulate drafting of wills, it may be necessary to amend or revise (once again) Louisiana Civil Code article 1588, which governs legacies made to more than one individual. Failure to use words that are clear and unambiguous, based upon the ordinary meaning of words, has resulted in some of the simplest drafted wills failing to comport with the client's express intent.
Part I of this article will analyze the Lambert decision and discuss how various Louisiana courts have interpreted Lambert. Part II will discuss the Succession of Lain decision and the confusion surrounding it, its likely impact on the issue and the opportunity for future rulings (i.e. the new appeal). Finally, Part III will provide suggestions for a final resolution to the problem, one of which is to revise or amend Louisiana Civil Code article 1588 in order to avoid the confusion set forth in the Succession of Lain.
June 28, 2016 in Articles, Estate Planning - Generally, Intestate Succession, Wills | Permalink | Comments (0)
No Rush to Determine Prince's Heirs
The Minnesota judge overseeing Prince's estate is in no hurry to determine the heirs to Prince's $300 million fortune. His sister, five half-siblings, and several others have laid claim to a cut of his fortune. On Monday, there was a hearing to decide the methodology for determining heirs, and the judge noted that this could be a long process with potential legal guidance being sought from a higher court.
See Judge in 'No Hurry' to Determine Prince's Heir in $300 Million Estate Case, Fox News, June 27, 2016.
June 28, 2016 in Current Events, Intestate Succession, Music, New Cases | Permalink | Comments (0)
Monday, June 27, 2016
Judge Rules No Media Allowed in Prince's Upcoming Probate Hearing
The judge overseeing Prince's estate case will not allow media company attorneys to intervene in the upcoming hearing. He denied the media's request for the Monday probate hearing to determine inheritance rights but left open the possibility for later access. With suspenseful paternity questions waiting to be addressed, several documents were filed under seal. The balance between the public's right to access and confidentiality presents several legal questions for the rest of the battle over Prince's $300 million estate.
See Prince Estate Judge: No Cameras at Monday Hearing, USA Today, June 25, 2016.
June 27, 2016 in Current Events, Estate Planning - Generally, Intestate Succession, Music, New Cases | Permalink | Comments (0)
Thursday, June 23, 2016
Inmate Will Not Share in Prince's $300 Million Estate
The judge overseeing Prince's estate is not allowing cameras in an upcoming hearing to determine possible heir claims. According to the law, the media and public may also be banned from the hearing if the court pursues specific paternity matters. We now know, however, that Carlin Williams, an inmate serving eight years for unlawful transportation of a firearm, is not a potential heir after a DNA test came back with a 0% chance of relation. The prisoner will not share in any of Prince's $300 million estate as paternity questions continue to arise.
See Prince Is Not the Father of Man Serving Time in Prison According to DNA Results that Bar the Convicted Felon from Inheriting Any Part of $300 Million Estate, Daily Mail, June 22, 2016.
June 23, 2016 in Current Events, Estate Planning - Generally, Intestate Succession, Music, New Cases | Permalink | Comments (0)
Thursday, June 16, 2016
Will a Significant Tax Bill Take Half of Prince's Estate?
The trustee for Prince's estate has revealed that a sizeable tax bill could wind up taking half of his estimated $250 million estate, which could potentially force an early sale of his unreleased music. In order to meet a fee deadline for the tax bill, many of Prince's non-cash assets will have to be sold. Representations for all parties are working to avoid an inevitable fire sale if the deadline is not met.
See Lindsay Kimble, Taxes Could Wipe Out Half of Prince's $250 Million Estate and Force Early Sale of His Unreleased Songs, Trustee Says, People, June 8, 2016.
Special thanks to Jim Hartnett (The Hartnett Law Firm) for bringing this Article to my attention.
June 16, 2016 in Current Affairs, Estate Planning - Generally, Estate Tax, Intestate Succession, Music | Permalink | Comments (0)
Monday, June 13, 2016
How Complex Family Situations Impact Intestacy Statutes
Stephanie Pierce recently published a Note entitled, Probable Intent vs. Certainty: The Missouri Probate Court and the Uniform Probate Code, 80 Mo. L. Rev. 833 (2015). Provided below is a summary of the Note:
This Note seeks to address how increasingly complex family situations should impact intestacy statutes. In In re Brockmire, the Supreme Court of Missouri specifically addressed what occurs when a decedent predeceases his biological granddaughter and his biological daughter, who had been adopted as an adult by her stepfather. Unfortunately, the court, bound by statute, was unable to even contemplate a remedy consistent with the probable intent of the decedent.
In addressing this complex set of family circumstances, this Note will first take an in-depth look into Missouri intestacy law. Additionally, this Note will address and analyze the different approaches of other states, as well as the approach taken by the Uniform Probate Code, and will compare each of those methods to the applicable Missouri statutes. This Note argues that the current Missouri intestacy statutes are antiquated and need to be reformed to match the standards set forth by the Uniform Probate Code.
June 13, 2016 in Intestate Succession | Permalink | Comments (0)
Saturday, June 11, 2016
Learn from Prince: How Estate Planning Will Benefit You
Prince had a reputation of being hands on with his legal affairs, but why did he not execute a will? Learning from Prince's misfortune will allow people to understand the benefits planning for your estate provides.
When you die without a will, your assets will pass through intestate succession, which can become complicated and expensive. Further, if you die intestate, your assets become public, which can be burdensome for celebrities, like Prince. Dying intestate does not allow you to allocate your assets in the best way you feel fit, making it important to plan ahead for your estate. Without a well-executed estate plan, you may just end up like Prince with numerous people fighting over your estate.
See Winnie Sun, 5 Things Prince's Family, and You, Should Know About Estate Planning, Forbes, May 18, 2016.
Special thanks to Brian Cohan (Attorney at Law, Law Offices of Brian J. Cohan, P.C.) for bringing this article to my attention.
June 11, 2016 in Current Events, Estate Planning - Generally, Intestate Succession, Music, Wills | Permalink | Comments (0)


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Henrico's annual King celebration planned
The 27th annual celebration honoring the birthday and life achievements of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. will be held Jan. 21 at Henrico High School, 302 Azalea Avenue, beginning at 11:30 a.m. The program will include music, awards, scholarships and special presentations. The theme this year is "The Movement Through The Eyes Of A Child," and the featured speaker will be Ruby Shuttlesworth Bester, the daughter of the late Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth. He was a noted activist in the Civil Rights movement from Birmingham, Ala., whose church and home were bombed during the early 1960s.
Rev. Shuttlesworth was the keynote speaker at one of the annual celebrations several years ago and spoke at the same venue.
Prior to the celebration, the annual Youth Summit will be held at the same location Jan. 19. Registration will begin at 9:15 a. m. followed by breakfast for all pre-registered attendees. The break-out sessions will focus on the theme G.A.N.Gs. (Going Against Negative Groups). Prizes for attendees will conclude that program.
Local choral group seeks volunteers
Citizen Staff Reports 07/18/2016
Good Vibrations choral group is looking for all voices with some musical experience to sing with the volunteer choir. The season runs from August to November. Genre includes patriotic and inspirational. > Read more.
County plans Fourth of July event
Henrico County Recreation and Parks will present "Red, White, and Lights" at Meadow Farm Museum/Crump Park July 4.
Henrico County has hosted a Fourth of July celebration annually since 1981, but this year's event will offer a later start time and expanded hours and be highlighted by new entertainment.
The free event will begin at 4:30 p.m. and will feature the Richmond Symphony, a laser-light show, patriotic performances, and family activities. > Read more.
Good food and fun, bargain prices
Pelon's serves up a good mix of variety, value
I first stumbled into Pelon's on a Wednesday night, lured by the promise of $2 tacos and beers. At those prices, I had assumed the place was a hole in the wall, and was pleasantly surprised by the spacious, pleasant interior.
Having spent my teen summers in Virginia Beach surfing, I also felt instantly at home amid the ocean-themed decor. From the ride-the-waves posters lining the walls and the TV displaying non-stop surfing footage, to the foosball table and enormous spools serving as tables, Pelon's is a delight for beach lovers and surfing fans. Reading the menu is part of the entertainment here, as patrons browse burrito choices that include Rip Tide, The Curl, Hawaiian Pipeline and Big Kahuna. > Read more.
Henrico students selected as 'Student Leaders'
'Fill the Boot' kickoff event planned Monday
Business in brief
University of Richmond to offer professional brewing program
- More News
Print Edition
Jul. 21, 2016Click here to read the print edition.
Good food and fun, bargain prices
Weekend Top 10
Polka taking over Henrico libraries July 19-21
Herman's Hermits' Peter Noone to play Henrico Theatre July 23
Weekend Top 10
- More Entertainment
Obituary – Roger Wilder Clark
Obituary – Louise Johnson Guirkin
Obituary – Alger Manson "Tinker" Abernathy
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Local choral group seeks volunteers
County plans Fourth of July event
Tuckahoe YMCA to host Refugee Community Resource Fair
- More Community
'Good old days' were good – for some
Of character and parenting
Opinion: Rename school for late Henrico officer
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Henrico teams win district, state championships
Varina HS to host Basketball Skill Development Academy June 20-23
Strawberry visits Tuckahoe Little League
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CalendarThe Unitarian Universalist Community Church, 11105 Cauthorne Rd., will premiere "Dream On" at 7 p.m. This thoughtful, but funny, PBS documentary about the American Dream is based on Alexis de… Full text


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The Titusville Terriers girls basketball team won Thursday's away conference game against Merritt Island by a score of 72-15.
(January 21, 2010: Merritt Island, FL 32953) In Thursday's league outing, the Titusville Terriers (Titusville, FL) basketball squad overwhelmed the host Merritt Island Mustangs (Merritt Island, FL), by a count of 72-15.
The Terriers (13-5) will now prepare for their outing against Astronaut (Titusville, FL). The War Eagles go into the non-league match with a 18-3 record. In their last match, Astronaut crushed Rockledge (Rockledge, FL), 61-15, in a non-league match.
With the defeat, Merritt Island moves to 11-12 on the year. The Mustangs host Cocoa Beach (Cocoa Beach, FL) to face the Minutemen in a non-league match on Monday, January 25. The Minutemen enter the match with a record of 12-8. Cocoa Beach won 53-7 in their recent league match against Edgewood (Merritt Island, FL)
Titusville's stats are presented by Daktronics, Inc.Daktronics, Inc.


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Car Rentals
Cozumel Reef Map
IslaMar Villas & Dive Paradise - Dive Package A - 4 Nights
Vacation Dive Package:
IslaMar Villas & Dive Paradise Scuba Diving - 4 nights / 9 tanks
For a discount dive package in Cozumel, this IslaMar/Dive Paradise combo is second to none. With the 25+ years of dive experience Dive Paradise enjoys coupled with the 17+ years of vacation rental experience of IslaMar Villas, divers always get top notch, quality service coupled with good value. Now in our 15th season of offering this Cozumel dive vacation package, divers know that IslaMar & Dive Paradise are committed to serving them year after year!
Imagine a light and airy Caribbean-style vacation rental villa tucked away in a quiet corner of mid-town Cozumel. Owner/operator of Islamar Villas and long-time local Sherri Davis has managed to create an ambiance that magically relaxes her guests into island living while offering them all the comforts of home.
Nestled in the heart of Cozumel's Midtown area, IslaMar Villas are the perfect means to enjoy tropical island living at it's best. Enjoy strolling through the neighborhood or sitting in the rainforest park one block away to absorb the real culture of the island as ordinary people go about their daily lives all around you.
Among Cozumel's dive community, the professional, enthusiastic staff helps Dive Paradise maintain its enviable safety record among the island's major operators. With the largest fleet of boats, widest variety of dive trips and a staff of 80+ Instructors, Divemasters, Captains, Sailors, Management and Office Staff, Dive Paradise is undoubtedly Cozumel's finest independent dive operator.
So stop searching and reserve this incredible Cozumel dive package today!
Package Specifics
IslaMar Villas & Dive Paradise - Dive Package A - 4 Nights
IslaMar Vacation Villas
Package available
January 6 - December 15, 2016
Promotion Blackout Dates 2016
Promotion Packages not available 5 days before
or after the following U.S. Legal Holidays:
Cozumel Carnaval ~ February 9 ===> Feb 4 - Feb 14
Easter Sunday ~ March 27 ===> March 22 - April 1
Memorial Day ~ May 30 ===> May 25 - June 4
Independence Day ~ July 4 ===> June 29 July 9
Labor Day ~ September 5 ===> Aug 31 Sept 10
Thanksgiving ~ November 24 ===> Nov 19 Nov 29
4 Nights of IslaMar Villa Lodging - 1 night is FREE
Equipment Check - FREE
1 Welcome Tank for Shore Dive on Arrival Day - FREE
3 Days of 2 Tank Standard Boat Trip Diving ~
8:30 AM Departure with snacks and soft drinks
2 Afternoon 3 PM Single tank trips**
** 1 Single Tank Night Dive can be substituted for 1 3 PM single tank IF available
IslaMar Villas feature ~
Kitchenettes with Granite & Built in Electric Stove Top
Bottled Water Provided
Air Conditioning & Ceiling Fans
TV-Cable/DVD & Phone For Local Calls + FREE Wi-Fi
Privacy & Security (10' privacy wall surrounds the property)
Pool/Jacuzzi with Tranquil Waterfall
Open Courtyard with Garden
Sunbathing & Hammock Areas
Dive Equipment Rinse/Dry Area
Charcoal BBQ Grills
Host & Staff On Site Daily for Guest Needs
Services Available Upon Request:
Activity Coordination
In-House Masseuse
In-House Chef services
In-House Basic Spanish Lessons
In-House Laundry
Package A Price Per Diver: US$ 406
Retail Value: US$ 487
Package A Price Non Diver: US$ 176
Tax Included
Based on Double Occupancy
Rental Equipment Not Included
$2.50 Per Diver Per Day Marine Park Fee NOT Included
Flights/Transfers not Included
Package A Price for a Single Diver Staying Alone:
ADD US$ 132 to Above / Diver Price
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Stay (04/26/2013) - My wife Kathy and I had a wonderful time staying at IslaMar! It gave us a home from which we could do any and everything we love about Cozumel so much! Well be back again! Thanks for taking care of us!
Allen & Kathy J. ~ Cleveland, OH
Stay (04/21/2012) - The most relaxing and enjoyable vacation we have had in many years! It was truly an amazing way to spend our 25th anniversary! Thank for the champagne! The experience of living amongst the locals (at first intimidating) became very natural, very quickly. The local food was awesome and the people were as friendly as my own neighbors at home. Miguel & Zuri were wonderful! Right there when you needed them. I will never forget Zuris smile and our Spanish lessons and no, there is not a monkey in our refrigerator! :-) I have been inspired to learn Spanish so when we return, we will be able to communicate much better! Sherri, it was a pleasure to see you again welcome home! This will be a memory imbedded in our hearts as well as in our minds! Thanks for making us feel like part of the crew!
Lisa & Jeff S. ~ Southampton, MA
Great value for the money! After looking at Dalia Apartments and Colonial Suites which are right in town, we decided to come to IslaMar Villas! More private, more room, convenient parking, courtyard for sunning and a POOL!
Diane & Bill K. ~ New York City, NY
(05/24/2015) - Our first visit to Mexico and we loved it! IslaMar was perfect for us laid back and very quiet people. Far enough away from all the tourist traps but close enough when we needed that part of it. The staff we met were Nidia, Andrea and Juan all very helpful and friendly. We used bicycles to get to and from the beach a lot (30 minute rides) and to go to the grocery store and to tour the area! We visited four (4) local restaurants El Super Hit; Chilangos, El Mission for lunch and San Carlos for fish all were very good and helpful with our broken Spanish. Love Cozumel and hope to come back soon! Loved the, the pool, etc.! We used Cozumel Rent-a-Bike great bikes and door-to-door service! Great service from Martin as well as he arranged a rental car for us very last minute from Bonefish Awesome Service!
G. & F. Bungay ~ Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
(02/24/2015) - We had such a wonderful time here at IslaMar!! Perfection from the minute you arrive. Sherri & Mauricio are the perfect hosts ever so welcoming and always making sure you are having the best time possible. IslaMar is a slice of paradise everyone should experience. Far enough away to escape the busy cruise/ferry ports but close enough to walk down to the waterfront to shop/dine. The staff at IslaMar were truly incredible. Always had a smile on their faces and always making sure we had everything we needed. Thanks to everyone at IslaMar for a holiday we will never forget! We will be back!!!
M. Wood & K. Sweeney ~ Bowmanville, Ontario Canada
Copyright © 2000-2016 Sherri Davis, All Rights Reserved. All website content is the property of Cozumel Insider unless otherwise attributed and cannot be used, displayed or reproduced without express written permission from Cozumel Insider. Contributors retain the copyright to their work where applicable; please do not take art or words without permission. Other graphics and reference materials are used and attributed as per the Fair Use Provision of The Copyright Act and individual terms of use.
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what does puchi paku mean?
so curious~~
Printable View
what does puchi paku mean?
so curious~~
Sounds like onomatopoeia for pachinko machines.
Sounds funny.... LOL.
I don't really know but it sounds like food.
Nothing. Google doesn't know what it is, so clearly it doesn't exist.
Where did you hear or read that word? If it's a particular anime, please post the name of the anime and the character who said it (so we can do our homework before we answer).
"Puchi" is onomatopoeia for something happening "like a click" (or "a snap") -- something happening quickly and shortly. And I'm fairly sure "paku" is the sound of an impact, maybe a comical one.
I can only imagine an annoying anime girl holding a pink hammer made of rubber and hitting someone with it (who doesn't exactly seem to be very happy about it) while saying "PUCHI PAKU!!!1 =^O^=".
Ehhh... That, and (or) Starfish Hero's panchiku machine sounds close to it too.
I loved how it leads to this forum, I mean the first option.
Same results, lol.
Who knows maybe its an alien code for 'commence the attack'
hahahaha actually i tried googling the word before i posted this but nothing >.<
now my post pop up as the first result too!! lol
it was a comment on a picture....
"ewww... puchi puchi puchi paku"
ehhhh..... sigh.... ( _ _ );;
It kind of sounds like an onomatopoeia for something, I guess...
It's Japo moontalk on 'shrooms; just like anything japanese, it tries to sound like it has a deeper, misterious meaning, but it doesn't. It's nothing more than senseless gibberish.
Its the secret incantation to raising an army of the undead within the foothills of Killamonjaro


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Dustin Burrowswrote a review of Sanuk Yoga Sling 2 Sandal - Women's on June 29, 2016
Girlfriend Loves Em!
Familiarity: I gave it as a gift but have feedback to share
Fit: True to size
I bought a pair of these for my girlfriend, and she absolutely loves them!! Very comfy, and very stylish!


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CNS depressants: May cause increased sedative effects. They are located approximately an hour and a half from Lima, Ohio and 45 minutes from Findlay, Ohio. Baclofen needs to have proper trials in the UK and be made available on prescription. The doctor, wanting to make sure of the diagnosis, advised her to go through another procedure called Magnetic Resonance Imaging or MRI. Few drugs that are prescribed commonly to patients of liver cancer are Aldactone, Avastin, Lasix, Nexavar, Ambien, Capecitabine, Irinotecan, Oxaliplatin, Tarceva and pain medications.
In case you prefer to buy the medicine online, doctors are available round the clock for prescribing this medicine. Treatment of spasms from rheumatic disorders, stroke, cerebral palsy and Parkinson disease; use of intrathecal form via IV, IM, SC, or epidural routes. This along with the various equipment needed from walkers to standers along with AFOS (braces) can be very confusing and sometimes, such as in our case, they do not work well enough to accomplish the desired outcome for your child. * Instruct patient before using Baclofen to report the following symptoms to health care provider: dizziness, nausea, hypotension, urinary frequency, retention, painful urination, headache, seizures, weakness. It is important to reinforce the notion that an approach of 100% abstinence as a singular modality is not for everyone.


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I have an 01 Ford Ranger. Almost every time I make a hard left turn or a u-turn to the left my brakes will go out. The pedal will go to the floor and I have to pump them or hold the pedal down until they work. I've heard maybe it's the lift kit pinching the brake line. What do you think?
Sunday, August 14th, 2011 AT 5:32 PM


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Flowers by G Bella
Flowers by G Bella offers the best collection of flowers and Centerpieces for the residents of Monroe and its surrounding areas. For further details contact us today.
Crossroads Florist
Contact the pros at Crossroads Florist to find out more on exclusive collection of Corsages for your event. Our focus is to provide the best service in Monroe so don't delay.
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Blooming Brides Florist
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Weddings are stressful. Rosanna Balloons specializes in high-end Boutonnieres and Gift/Fruit baskets. With the help of a professional team, you can now relax and all your work will be done beautifully.
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text: climate change Researchers To Study How Climate Change Affects Air Quality By Courtney Flatt • Apr 12, 2016 JT, Flickr Creative Commons Listen Listening... / 1:41 If you have asthma or heart disease, you know the quality of the air you breathe is very important: airborne particles can have a big impact on human health. That's why researchers at Washington State University are looking into how climate change might affect air quality. Snowshoe Hares Predated For Wearing White Out Of Season By Tom Banse • Jan 22, 2016 Listen Listening... / A fashion faux pas could be the worst consequence if you wear the wrong color for the season. But a new scientific paper finds much higher stakes when it comes to mismatched coat colors in the animal world. West Coast Mayors Announce New Alliance By Amelia Templeton • Dec 11, 2015 Elaine Thompson / AP Images Listen Listening... / 0:48 Mayors from five West Coast cities announced a new alliance Thursday. The leaders of San Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland, Seattle, and Eugene say they will collaborate on issues including climate change and reducing homelessness. 90 Percent Of Snake River Sockeye Died Before Reaching First Snake River Dam By Courtney Flatt • Dec 7, 2015 Courtney Flatt / Northwest Public Radio Listen Listening... / 1:07 This year's hot summer and low river flows devastated Snake River sockeye. Inslee Administration Begins Writing Rule To Cap Greenhouse Gas Pollution In WA By Tom Banse • Sep 21, 2015 WALTER SIEGMUND / WIKIMEDIA COMMONS Listen Listening... / 1:05 The administration of Washington Governor Jay Inslee has officially begun a rulemaking to cap greenhouse gas pollution from large industrial sources. Inslee is flexing his executive powers to bypass the state legislature, which has repeatedly chosen not to put a price on carbon. Die-Off Sparks Questions About Sturgeon Survival In A Changing Climate By Rowan Moore Gerety • Aug 6, 2015 Rowan Moore Gerety / Northwest Public Radio Listen Listening... / 3:50 Salmon are a touchstone in the Northwest... in food, in nature, and now, in the damage wrought by the ongoing drought: less than half of returning Sockeye are expected to survive to the end of summer. But another important fish is dying in unprecedented numbers too: the massive white sturgeon native to the Columbia River. Researchers Target Policy Makers, Treaty Negiotiators in New Climate Change Study By Tom Banse • Jul 6, 2015 Listen Listening... / The window of opportunity to prevent grave ecological damage to our oceans from climate change is closing. That's according to a paper appearing Friday in the journal Science. Warming Northwest Rivers Raise Risk Of Fish Kills By Courtney Flatt • Jun 29, 2015 Ken Balcomb / Center for Whale Research Listen Listening... / 1:06 It's been a one-two punch of low snowpack last winter and not enough rain this spring for many Northwest rivers. Warm temperatures and low river flows are causing problems for salmon making the return migration. El Niño Seen Strengthening, Unlikely To Bring Drought Relief By Tom Banse • Jun 11, 2015 Listen Listening... / All signs are pointing to a strong El Niño developing by this fall according to an update from the National Weather Service Thursday. Oregon Prepares Pay-By-The-Mile Tax By Chris Lehman • May 29, 2015 Listen Listening... / When you buy gas for your car, you're paying a flat, per-gallon tax. But Oregon is starting a new program July 1 that would change things. Pages1 2 3 next › last »


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Reactions to Jovan Belcher murder-suicide
|Jovan Belcher was in his fourth season with the Chiefs. He was 25. (Getty Images)
Chiefs linebacker Jovan Belcher shot his girlfriend Saturday morning before driving to Arrowhead Stadium and taking his own life. He was 25. Below are some reactions from around the league and across the Internet.
"The entire Chiefs family is deeply saddened by today's events, and our collective hearts are heavy with sympathy, thoughts and prayers for the families and friends affected by this unthinkable tragedy. We sincerely appreciate the expressions of sympathy and support we have received from so many in the Kansas City and NFL communities, and ask for continued prayers for the loved ones of those impacted."
- Chiefs chairman and CEO Clark Hunt
"Our thoughts and prayers are with the Chiefs and the families and friends of those who lost their lives in this terrible tragedy. We have connected the Chiefs with our national team of professional counselors to support both the team and the families of those affected. We will continue to provide assistance in any way that we can."
I am devastated by this mornings events. I want to send my thoughts and prayers out to everyone effected by this tragedy.— Tamba Hali (@TambaHali91) December 1, 2012
Times like this you have to pray!!! I love you man, brothers for life!!!! #chiefs— Dexter McCluster (@dextermccluster) December 1, 2012
This just doesn't seem real...praying for 59 and his family— David Mims (@D_Mims70) December 1, 2012
I am devastated and heart broken. I'm sending prayers out to everyone involved. Always show love and never be afraid to talk. #Valuelife— Jeff Allen (@JeffAllen71) December 1, 2012
The @royals organization sends our thoughts and prayers to the entire @kcchiefs family during this very difficult time.— Kansas City Royals (@Royals) December 1, 2012
Our thoughts and prayers go out to the Kansas City Chiefs organization today.— Atlanta_Falcons (@Atlanta_Falcons) December 1, 2012
The Denver Broncos extend their deepest sympathies and prayers to the Kansas City Chiefs and all involved in this tragedy.— Denver Broncos (@Denver_Broncos) December 1, 2012
STATEMENT FROM OAKLAND RAIDERS "The Oakland Raiders are empathizing with the Chiefs organization..."— OAKLAND RAIDERS (@RAIDERS) December 1, 2012
STATEMENT CONT: "Our hearts are wounded by such an unimaginable tragedy in our NFL family. We will continue to pray for everyone involved."— OAKLAND RAIDERS (@RAIDERS) December 1, 2012
Wow... Unbelievable tragedy. My prayers go out to the entire Chiefs organization and their families.— Tim Tebow (@TimTebow) December 1, 2012
My prayers n condolences to the Belcher family, hoping God gives strength to the Chiefs organization, players n fans during this time— Chad Johnson (@ochocinco) December 1, 2012
For more NFL news, rumors and analysis, follow @EyeOnNFL on Twitter, like us on Facebook, and subscribe to the Pick-6 Podcast on iTunes. You can follow Ryan Wilson on Twitter here: @ryanwilson_07.


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Textiles in Ghana carry a far greater importance than you might expect. This free course will help you to understand how textiles can carry an assortment of meanings and values, including wealth, status and office.
After studying this course, you should be able to:
- demonstrate an awareness of the ways in which meanings and values are assigned to textiles
- understand the changing history of the making of kente and adinkra
- discuss the role of the market place in the changing history of kente and adinkra making.
- Duration 4 hours
- Updated Wednesday 13th January 2016
- Introductory level
- Posted under Visual Art
- Current section: Introduction
- Learning outcomes
- 1 The meanings and values of textiles in Ghana
- 2 Definitions
- 3 Making
- 4 Using
- 5 History
- 6 Selling
- 7 Conclusion
- Keep on learning
- Acknowledgements
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Originally published: Wednesday, 13th January 2016
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Party Scene:
If you want to go to parties you better have a lot of connections or be part of greek life. Other than that it is difficult to find open parties. Cops are very lenient and only care about noise complaints. If they show up they always just break it up. I've never seen or heard about anyone getting citations.
Campus Food:
At first, the food seems very great. Market has seemingly unlimited selection of pizza, burgers, etc. However like most college campuses, the food gets very repetitive. No one wants to eat the same thing everyday, and Pitt does not have the best variety.
Campus Housing:
Being a larger school, the dorms are not five-star hotels. That being said they are very clean, relatively new, and include heating/air conditioning. There are many LLCs(Learning Living Communities) that aim to match you with people of similar interests. Basically, if the social atmosphere is something you value, it is easy to take part in. However, these are not mandatory so if you would rather stick to yourself this is also an option. The housing process is pretty standard and easy. I have never encountered any problems selecting a dorm. There are many options and all have upsides and downsides and have not heard of anyone really being disappointed. No one dorm is much worse than the others.
Overall Experience:
The school is really involved in making sure kids are enjoying themselves and are supported. Campus life is amazing-- lots of events and fun things to do. I think students are really happy here.
The Peterson is so nice-- one of the best gyms I've been to.
Off-Campus Housing:
There are definitely a wide-variety of off-campus options, but the prices are overinflated-- landlords and housing quality is generally poor.
Off-Campus Dining:
I really appreciated the breadth of restaurant choices in the area.
I didn't feel like there were any significant limitations affecting my everyday life
For an in-state student, Pitt's financial aid is really good. I got a decent chunk of money and know several people who basically had full-scholarships.
Party Scene:
The great thing about Pitt is that the party scene isn't the end-all-be-all-- yeah, it'll fit the bill if you want to party, but I wouldn't consider the party scene the greatest ever. That being said, it is still really good-- for the most part, people are friendly and welcoming and just want to have a good time.
Campus Food:
I really appreciate the large amount of coffee carts
Campus Housing:
Some of the older dorms show their age, but I think in recent years the housing options have become really good-- dorms are spacious and accessible, near all campus buildings, and the social atmosphere is nice.
Off-Campus Housing:
I've heard a lot of horror stories.
Off-Campus Dining:
I try not to eat out much, but there's a lot to eat.
The administration are good and helpful, long way to go, though.
I need to go to the office and beg or I will cry.
Campus Food:
Market can be gross sometimes; it's all up to chance.
Campus Housing:
The dorms in the quad are unique and spacious.
Campus Food:
There are a lot of great restaurants on Forbes Ave: Primanti's, Pamela's, Noodles & Co. The food served in Market really isn't all that bad, either -there are just few options at times and that can be frustrating. We're usually limited to pizza, a wrap bar, salad bar, stir fry, omelettes, and hamburgers. The Cathedral Cafe does come equipped with a Chik Fil'A, however, which is a nice touch. The workers cross-campus are all very friendly, and make the experiences of eating in the dining halls enjoyable enough.
Campus Housing:
It's a rather old building and there's no AC. Our rooms are heated by radiators that are either extremely hot or off. The RAs really do try to get us all involved, though, so I believe there is a good social atmosphere even if not many people attend events. Everyone is generally friendly enough and maintenance workers reply to requests relatively quickly.
Campus Housing:
Living on campus is not as bad as it could be. If you are used to delicious home cooked meals then you will be disappointed, but if you have low standards you will think it is great. Living on campus as a freshman is not awful, but it is not like home.
Off-Campus Dining:
The cost is decent, its easy to get to and there are tons of variety. The only thing is that there are very little to no student discounts.
The administration doesn't seem, to me, very unfair. Academically, they are a lot of help and are willing to work hard to help a student. Socially, I do not know, for I am not involved in the party/drinking scene. Overall I think the administration is good.
I am a Pittsburgh student, and I almost got no scholarships. After multiple talks with the financial aid office, I finally was able to get slightly less than what I need. It was horrible to go through, and I still don't have enough. I heard more out of state students receive more coverage, and when I asked financial aid, they claimed they didn't give me more because I was in Pittsburgh and could have the Pittsburgh Promise, which is financial for Pittsburgh students who attend public school. I didn't receive it since I went to a Pennsylvania state school, and it still took convincing to receive financial aid.
Party Scene:
The party scene isn't too huge to me; I don't party, but my friends do. There seems to be parties all over campus, but I wouldn't know where they are. It seems to be fun for my friends, so I don't think the parties are too over the top.
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Overall, students agree that they wouldn't trade their Pitt experience for anything. As with most decisions, there are a lot of things to consider. If you don't like living in a city environment, Pittsburgh may not be the place for you. While it doesn't have the feel of New York of Philadelphia, the area is definitely urban. Also, Pitt is a large school—you're in for some big lecture classes and a somewhat overwhelming campus during the first year or so. Everything will seem to get smaller after you've been around awhile, though. Weather can be a concern if you're used to a warmer climate—snow, rain, and wind rule Pittsburgh winters. This is something that you can easily get used to though, unless you're a diehard warm weather fan.
What Pitt does offer is high-caliber academics, plenty of student organizations, and countless opportunities, such as study abroad, cultural activities, and sports. If you're willing to become active on campus, there's a lot more to Pitt than meets the eye. The University's location can also be a great advantage—Pittsburgh itself is a great city that is a positive environment for students to live and learn in, thanks in part to the city being home to a number of colleges and universities. The social scene is always jumping, locals are friendly, and there's always something to do if you explore a little. The best idea is to visit and try to get a feel for the area. You can get the same quality education at Pitt that can be found in many smaller, expensive schools, but here you'll pay less to have a vibrant city right at your doorstep.
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I daily take: Amitiza, Sucralfate, Fexofenadine 60 mg, Nexium 40mg, Bystolic 10mg, Crestor 10mg, Metanx, Meloxicam 15mg, Enjuva 0.625, Centrum Silver Vitamins, Topamax 200mg, (2 tabs twice daily), Seroquel 150mg, Wellbutrin XL 300mg, Lexapro 20mg, Provigil 200mg, (2 tabs daily), and for the moment, Fluconazole 200mg, and Doxycycline 100mg, (1 tab twice daily). Please ease my fears of taking all these meds together!!! I'm worried in Louisiana!!! Thank You!!!
May I submit my endless list of medications to you to research for interactions? It is confusing?
- Posted:
- 22 Nov 2009 by sharonrt53
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- amitiza, bystolic, centrum, centrum silver, crestor, metanx, nexium, fexofenadine, meloxicam, sucralfate
Answers (1)
22 Nov 2009
Enter all your mediciations into mednotes:
How then do I pull the list back up, can't find it, but when I go to add more meds.it starts new list & won't let me combine them.
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Hodgins throws Angela a party on tonight's Bones.
Kayla continues to impress the judges on America's Next Top Model--will tonight be any diff


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Late free-throw helps Texas A&M-Corpus Christi sink Colonels
Published: Sunday, February 8, 2009 at 8:00 a.m.
Last Modified: Saturday, February 7, 2009 at 11:32 p.m.
THIBODAUX It was one of the most exciting finishes of the 2008-09 season, but for the Nicholls State mens basketball team, it was also a genuine heartbreaker.
Kevin Palmer scored five of his 10 points in the final minute, including a pair of free throws with 3 seconds left to play that gave Texas A&M-Corpus Christi (13-10 overall, 7-1 conference) a 69-68 come-from-behind over Nicholls State (13-9, 6-3) in Southland Conference play at Stopher Gym Saturday.
We always joke about the basketball gods, Colonels coach J.P. Piper said. Some days the ball bounces your way and some days it doesnt. (Saturday), it didnt bounce our way.
For the entire 40 minutes, it was a fast-paced, back-and-forth shootout. Nicholls led by as many as five and trailed by as many as six as neither team pulled away from the other.
What I told my guys in the locker room was that I was thrilled with their effort, their intensity and their passion out on the floor, Piper said. They have nothing to be discouraged or embarrassed about. That effort is going to get you a win more times than its going to get you a loss. I think we proved we belong with the best in the Southland Conference.
Both teams swapped leads in the games final minute.
With the score tied at 64 with 51 seconds left on the game clock, Colonels forward Anatoly Bose sank two free throws to put Nicholls ahead, 66-64.
Palmer then drained the biggest 3-point basket of the game at the 37-second mark a shot from the top of the key which gave the Islanders their first lead (67-66) in more than eight minutes.
With less than two full seconds separating the game clock from the shot clock, Nicholls had trouble finding an open shot, and with 18 seconds left, the Colonels were forced to go through back-to-back timeouts the second of which was taken after an unsuccessful attempt to inbound a pass.
A second later, Islanders forward Demond Watt was called for a foul on Payne, who proceeded to connect on two free-throw shots that put Nicholls ahead, 68-67.
Playing for the final shot, Palmer got into the lane and drew a foul from Colonels guard Kellan Carter. In spite of a raucous crowd, Palmer managed to sink both shots to put the Islanders ahead for good, as Payne missed a desperation 3-point attempt from half-court as time expired.
Texas-Corpus Christi coach Perry Clark said the plan was to get the ball to Palmer all along.
We were running a set play to get the ball in Kevin Palmers hands, Clark said.
The Islanders had four players in double figures, with senior guard Tim Green leading the way with 14 points (including nine on 3-point shooting). Jawan Nelson added 13 points for the Islanders, and Filip Toncinic contributed 12.
They compete very hard and they have a good command of their system, Clark said of Nicholls. I knew in looking at their scoring and seeing the way they handled Stephen F. (Austin) that they had a lot of confidence and swagger. They did a really great job (Saturday). It could have gone either way. We were fortunate to get the win.
Freshman guard Fred Hunter led the Colonels with 25 points and Bose finished with 15 points.
Senior Ryan Bathie added 13 points and was marred by foul trouble. He was charged with his fourth personal foul less than a minute into the second half and was limited to just six minutes in the half.
Piper said Bathies absence certainly impacted his team.
We werent able to allow him to be as aggressive as hed like to be, he said. But the reality is, at some point were going to encounter that in the league. Either through sickness or injury or foul trouble, were going to have to play without one of our better players on the floor and find a way to win. I thought our guys covered for him well and we were still in a position to win.
Piper said he couldnt comment on the foul called on Carter, which led to Palmer shooting the game-winning baskets, and he refused to blame the officials for the final outcome.
I cant blame it on that, Piper said. We had opportunities to take care of things a little earlier in the game and didnt, and it came back to bite us. It was a judgment call. The guy thought it was a foul and he called what he saw. Their kid still had to go to the line and make two.
Nicholls shot 48.9 percent from the floor, as did Texas-Corpus Christi, and 44.4 percent from 3-point range. The Colonels were out-rebounded, 29-24. The game pitted two teams that entered the day Saturday tied atop their respective divisions in conference play.
Those guys dont want to play us again, and I dont want to play them again, either, Piper said. We may have to, but its going to be just like it was (Saturday). Its going to be a war.
Texas-Corpus Christi led at halftime, 35-33.
NICHOLLS STATE 57 (Women)
At Corpus Christi, Texas, Nicholls ended its week long road swing with a loss to Texas A&M-Corpus Christi in the American Bank Center.
The Colonels (0-20, 0-9) were led by senior Christie Bryant with 13 points and four rebounds, while freshman Jasmine Hoskins was the only other player crossing the 10-point mark with 12 for Nicholls.
The Islanders (9-12, 4-4) had all five of their starters score in double figures with Jade Davis leading the squad with 16. Adrienne Scott finished with a double-double, recording 13 points and 10 rebounds.
As a team, Nicholls was 17 points better in the second half, but Texas A&M-Corpus Christi stayed on pace with 49 second half points.
TAMUCC shot 55.4 percent (36-of-65) from the field for the game, and an impressive 67.9 percent (19-of-28) in the second half. Nicholls shot 36.5 percent (19-of-52) from field goal range in the loss.
The Colonels will resume play at home on Wednesday against Sam Houston State. Tip-off is set 6:30 p.m.
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