text:
Book your room at Comfort Inn & Suites I-10 Airport
Get an overview of this hotelHotel in El Paso with free breakfast and free airport shuttle
Situated near the airport, this hotel is within 1 mi (2 km) of Cielo Vista Mall, Patriot Stadium, and Bassett Place. Gene Roddenberry Planetarium and The Fountains at Farah are also within 2 mi (3 km).
Hotel Features
A 24-hour fitness center, a 24-hour business center, and a meeting room are available at this smoke-free hotel. Free buffet breakfast is provided, as well as free WiFi in public areas, free self parking, and a free airport shuttle. Other amenities include laundry facilities, free newspapers, and multilingual staff.
Room Amenities
All 102 rooms offer free WiFi, coffee makers, and flat-screen TVs with satellite channels. Guests will also find DVD players, free local calls, and hair dryers.Would you like to give us feedback? Share it! Opens in a new window
Comfort Inn & Suites I-10 Airport6645 Gateway West El Paso TX 79925
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
High-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary. Business-related amenities consist of a 24-hour business center and a meeting room. A complimentary breakfast is offered each morning. A roundtrip airport shuttle is complimentary to guests (available 24 hours). This El Paso hotel also offers a 24-hour fitness center, multilingual staff, and gift shops/newsstands. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
Comfort Inn & Suites I-10 Airport is a smoke-free property.
- 24-hour business center
- 24-hour fitness facilities
- Free airport transportation
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Free breakfast
- Free long-term parking
- Free RV, bus, truck parking
- Free self parking
- Free WiFi
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Laundry facilities
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Number of floors - 3
- One meeting room
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Smoke-free property
- Total number of rooms - 102
Family Friendly Amenities
- Cribs/infant beds (complimentary)
- DVD player
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free long-term parking, Free self parking, Free RV, bus, truck parking
Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free cribs/infant beds
- Desk
- DVD player
- Flat-panel TV
- Free local calls
- Free WiFi
- Hair dryer
- In-room safe
- Iron/ironing board
- Phone
- Satellite TV service
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary buffet breakfast each morning.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- In-room accessibility
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 3 PM
Check-in time ends at midnight
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
- Pets allowed for an extra charge of USD 49 per pet, per stay
- 2 per room (up to 40 lb)
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
No rollaway/extra beds available
Optional extras
- Pet fee: USD 49 per pet, per stay
Hotel Name
- Comfort Inn Hotel Airport I-10
- Comfort Inn I-10 Airport
We should mention
Children 18 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.


text:
The Fascist State reigns supreme. The Daily Mail reports: Tony Blair waged an extraordinary two-year battle to keep secret a lucrative deal with a multinational oil giant which has extensive interests in Iraq. The former Prime Minister tried to keep the public in the dark over his dealings with South Korean oil firm UI Energy…
Lectures On Fascism – 18 Lectures By Prominent Economists
by Michael Suede •
18 lectures on Fascism by prominent economists. Click the little square icon in the lower left to bring up a scrollable list of the lecturers or click the link below to see individual selectable lectures. playlist
Banks Attack First Amendment Of Blogosphere
by Michael Suede •
The banking oligarchs and our criminal court system have decided that you are too dumb to have time sensitive financial information. Bloomberg reports: Theflyonthewall.com, the online financial news service, was barred from issuing immediate online reports about stock upgrades and downgrades of Barclays Plc, Bank of America Corp.'s Merrill Lynch, and Morgan Stanley… The banks…
Buying "Green" Products Makes You Immoral – Literally
by Michael Suede •
LOL The Association for Psychological Science has issued a new study on how people react after buying "green" products. It turns out that when people do acts of "good" they are then far more likely to do acts of "bad". The study concludes: Consumer choices reflect not only price and quality preferences but also social…
Stop A Burglar – GO TO JAIL!
by Michael Suede •
The UK insanity continues: When a restaurant owner found two teenage yobs raiding his beer cellar, he chased them and held them while his staff dialled 999. Sal Miah assumed police would commend him for catching the young criminals. But when officers arrived, they arrested 35-year-old Mr Miah on suspicion of assault and battery. Mr…
Lord Bernanke: Banks Should Have No Minimum Reserve Requirement
by Michael Suede •
What?! Lord God Bernanke, Savior of the Human Race, King of Omniscient Interest Rate Knowledge, Master of Printing Press Technology, has declared minimum reserve requirements for banks are dumb. Business Insider reports: Up until now, the United States has operated under a "fractional reserve" banking system. Banks have always been required to keep a small…
Road To Serfdom? – Hayekian Insights For These Trying Times
by Michael Suede •
Bruce Caldwell, a Professor of Economics and the Director of the Center for the History of Political Economy at Duke University and expert "Austrian," discusses a very relevant topic for our day and age: Friedrich Hayek's observations on the Road to Serfdom.
The Texas Textbook Wars
by Michael Suede •
An important read. Mises's Jeff Riggenbach explains why the changes to textbooks in Texas will have profound impacts on the state of the nation. Jeff explains: The existing description stated that a student who completed that course would be able to "explain the impact of Enlightenment ideas from John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Voltaire, Charles de…
Salon: Its Hip To Be A Degenerate Parasite On Society
by Michael Suede •
In an epic win for ridiculous reporting, Salon offers us a new hip lifestyle alternative: They're young, they're broke, and they pay for organic salmon with government subsidies. Got a problem with that? Magida, a 30-year-old art school graduate, had been installing museum exhibits for a living until the recession caused arts funding — and…
Goldman Sachs Securities Fraud
by Michael Suede •
Senator Ted Kaufman said Goldman may have committed securities fraud on the Senate floor the other day. In a rambling rant, where the criminal Senator declared the need for a total regulatory police state, Kaufman said: At the same time, there are reports that raise questions about whether Goldman Sachs and other firms may have…

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Anne R Lastman's Redeeming Grief avoids politicising abortion debate
Religious persecution has existed through the ages. We must continue to fight it, and take it as a compliment
As the sacrifice of the Mexican martyrs shows, anti-Catholicism will always rebound on itself
Chinese human rights campaigner Chen Guangcheng exposes western hypocrisy about abortion
A daily guide to what's happening in the Catholic Church
Politicians like Francis Maude think the party should cling to the 'spirit of the age'. Come the election they may be in for a shock
This is not the time for Catholics to circle the wagon
A daily guide to what's happening in the Catholic Church
I hope that Gianluca Bezzina brings Malta to victory in this year's contest
'If you are out of communion on a matter as fundamental as the right to life, surely you have chosen to cut yourself off from the community of fellow worshippers' says Francis Phillips
When it comes to the Catholic Church people think they know it all


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 10, 1999
|Filing date
|Dec 24, 1997
|Priority date
|Dec 24, 1997
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Peter Wainberg, Arnold Lipes
|Original Assignee
|Pemla Technologies Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (8), Classifications (20), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a liquid printing ink storage container and associated dispensing apparatus for dispensing predetermined desired weight quantities of ink contained in a plurality of containers each having an ink of a different color.
Apparatuses are known for dispensing various paint colours and the like in predetermined volumes into a paint container whereby to produce a desired color paint. Such apparatuses are, for example, described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,474,211 and 5,558,251. Containers containing different color paints are mounted on a turn table with each of the containers being identified. The desired containers are then rotated to position same at a discharge location where a predetermined quantity of paint is discharged through a metering valve apparatus. A metering pump is usually provided at the dispensing station and by controlling a discharge cycle a certain volume of paint is released. A disadvantage of this type of equipment is that it is very costly to fabricate and requires frequent maintenance as the valves and discharge port are of complex construction and this causes small paint residue to lodge itself in irregular spaces where it hardens as it is usually maintained stagnant for long periods of time between uses. Also, these paints are most often contained in containers which are maintained stationary and the heavier paint molecules settle to the bottom of the paint mixture and therefore the composition of the mixture may vary between uses.
When dispensing colored liquid printing ink from containers for commercial use, it is desirable to maintain the ink and its coloring agent in a substantially homogeneous condition. This is particularly so as the coloring agent has a specific gravity greater than that of water and has a tendency of settling to the bottom of the container. Also, every color has its own chemistry and the specific gravity of the various chemicals differ between different colors. Another problem with prior art devices is that there is a requirement to fill the containers in the dispensing machine with pigments which are transported in another container, usually metal containers. Accordingly, it is firstly necessary to mix the coloring agent within the transport container and then place the mixed color into designated ones of the containers permanently secured in the machine. If the ink is not stirred properly then the composition thereof will vary as the machine containers are filled from time-to-time. This is also expensive in that additional transport containers need to be provided.
Containers of the prior art are usually metal containers and many are reusable. Accordingly, they require cleaning.
It is a feature of the present invention to provide an ink storage container as well as an associated dispensing apparatus which substantially overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide an ink storage container which is used for the storage, transport and dispensing of an ink contained therein.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide a novel disposable plastic ink storage container having a dispensing spout at a discharge end of the container and a nipple at an opposite end whereby air under pressure is admitted through the nipple when the container is fitted in an ink dispensing apparatus.
A still further feature of the present invention is to provide an ink dispensing apparatus capable of holding a plurality of ink storage containers, each having a different ink color and wherein the ink and coloring agent within the containers may be agitated within the apparatus in a manner as to maintain a substantially homogeneous ink mixture within the container.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide an ink dispensing apparatus which is inexpensive to fabricate and wherein a hand-operable valve is associated with each of the containers to dispense a regulated weight quantity of ink from the containers.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide an ink dispensing apparatus and wherein the contents of each of the containers is maintained under pressure to assist the discharge of ink therefrom.
Another feature of the present invention is to provide an ink dispensing apparatus which is easy to operate and which provides for accurate dispensing of ink from selected ones of a plurality of containers.
According to the above features, from a broad aspect, the present invention provides an ink dispensing apparatus which comprises a support frame for supporting a plurality of ink containers having an ink with a coloring agent therein. Means is provided to agitate the containers to maintain the ink in admixture with the coloring agent. Pressure control means is provided to apply a predetermined pressure in the containers to assist in the discharge of ink therefrom. A scale is provided for weighing ink discharged from selected ones of the containers. A dispensing valve mechanism is associated with a respective one of the containers. The valve mechanism maintains a flexible dispensing tube connected at a dispensing end of each of the containers in a closed condition and capable of dispensing a desired weight quantity of the ink from the tube of selected ones of the containers.
According to another broad aspect of the present invention there is provided an ink container for the storage, transport and dispensing of an ink contained therein. The container has a mouth opening at a top end of a neck portion thereof. A cap is secured to the mouth opening. A flexible dispensing tube is sealingly secured to the cap. Connector means is provided in a bottom wall of the container and is adapted to secure an air pressure line thereto.
According to another broad aspect of the present invention the ink storage container is a disposable plastic container.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the examples thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a simplified front view illustrating the construction of the basic component parts of the ink dispensing apparatus of the present invention and herein provided with a plurality of ink containers of the present invention secured therein;
FIG. 2 is a simplified schematic side view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 and showing the position of the ink container when at a dispensing position and its arcuate displacement for the agitation of the ink contained therein;
FIG. 3 is a side view showing the construction of the container support frame as well as the hand-operable dispensing valve mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a front view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a computer-generated top view of FIG. 4 with the container having been removed;
FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic side views showing the hand-operable dispensing valve mechanism in a fully open and fully closed position;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an ink storage container constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a fragmented perspective view showing the bottom wall of the container of FIG. 7; and
FIG. 9 is a fragmented section view illustrating the air pressure line coupling to the connector nipple provided in the recessed bottom wall as illustrated in FIG. 8.
Before describing the apparatus as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 6, reference is made to FIGS. 7 to 9 which illustrate the construction of an ink container 10 fabricated for use with the apparatus 11 as illustrated in FIG. 1. The container 10 is preferably, although not exclusively, a disposable container fabricated from plastics material and capable of containing therein a water base ink 12 in which a coloring agent is added in admixture with other ingredients to form a specific ink color. The ink could also be a solvent and/or UV based system. The container 10 has a mouth opening 13 provided at the top end of a neck portion 14 thereof and a cap 15 is secured to a circumferential thread disposed about the top part of the neck portion 14. A flexible dispensing tube 16 having a free end 17 is sealingly secured to the cap 15. A handle 18 may be molded in the side wall 10' of the container 10 to facilitate transport thereof. The cap 15 with the tube 16 is fitted on the container when positioning the container in the apparatus 11. For transport a normal sealed cap is used.
As shown in FIG. 8, the bottom wall 19 of the container 10 is provided with a connector means in the form of a threaded nipple 20 which projects in a recessed cavity 19' formed in the bottom wall 19. The threaded nipple has a sealed top wall 20' which is adapted to be punctured to adapt a connector thereto for connecting a pressurized airline thereto, as will be described later, whereby to apply pressure in the container to create a pressurized dispensing flow of ink through the dispensing tube 16 as will be later described. Accordingly, the container may be disposed to sit on its bottom wall 19 due to the recessed nipple 20. The bottom wall 19 may also be shaped to be retained captive in the apparatus 11.
As shown in FIG. 9, a hole 22 is formed in the sealed top wall 20' of the nipple 20 and a connector cap 23 having a sealing washer 24 is threaded about the threaded nipple 20. A pressure line or hose 25 is sealed with the washer 24 within the connector cap 23. Accordingly, the container 10 can be pressurized as will be described later.
Referring now to FIGS. 1 to 6, there is shown generally at 11 the ink dispensing apparatus of the present invention and it consists of a main frame 30 capable of supporting a container support frame 31 at an elevated position and on an axially rotatable support shaft 32. The rotatable shaft 32 is axially displaceable by a crank lever 33 having a handle 34 capable of displacing the containers 10 from an ink discharge position A, as shown in FIG. 2, and within an arc of 180� to an inverted position B. By imparting reciprocating motion on the handle 34 the container 10 will be reciprocated between positions A and B to agitate the ink therein to maintain its mixture in a substantially homogeneous state.
As can be seen more clearly in FIG. 3, the container support frame 31 has a plurality of container attaching frames 31' each adapted to secure a container 10, having a different colored ink with the container 10 positioned in an inverted position, as clearly shown in these drawings. The cap 15 of each of the containers 10 is disposed on a support flange 31' with the flexible dispensing tube 16 disposed within a hole 35 provided therein, as shown in FIG. 5. A hand-operable dispensing valve mechanism 36 is hingedly secured on a vertical hinge pin connection 37, as shown in FIG. 5, whereby the mechanism 36 can be swung open to one side when the container 10 is installed so as to provide for the positioning of the flexible dispensing tube 16 through a guide bore 35 and straight down along the valve mechanism 36. The containers 10 are loaded in the apparatus 11 in an upright manner by positioning the frame 31 downward to position B as shown in FIG. 2. The cap 15 with the tube 16 is fitted on the containers and the tube is clamped in the valve mechanism 36.
Once a desired amount of containers 10 are secured in the apparatus the frame is again inverted to position A. The sealed top wall 24 of the nipples 20 is then punctured and the pressure connector caps 23 are secured whereby the pressure line 25 can be connected to all of the containers. However, the pressure pump (not shown) which connects to the pressure regulator 38 is not activated. As shown in FIG. 3, the container support frame 31 is also provided with a clamping bracket 39 to secure the frame 31 to the axially rotatable shaft 32.
With specific reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 there will now be described the construction of the dispensing valve mechanism 36. The valve mechanism 36 has a bracket 40 which is hingedly secured on the vertical hinge connection 37 and it swings from an engaged position as shown in FIG. 6B to a detach position, not shown, but obvious to a person skilled in the art. A securing bolt 41 maintains the bracket 40 in a closed position of use, as shown in FIG. 3. Once the bracket 40 is secured in its position of use, as shown in FIG. 3, the clamping head 42 which is secured at the end of a pivoting flange 43 is displaced by a finger operable knob 44 which is in threaded engagement with the bracket 40 in clamping engagement against an end portion 17 of the tube 16, as shown in FIG. 6B, whereby to seal off the tube. The tube 16 has a predetermined length whereby to fit into the valve mechanism. The open end of the tube does not contact any machine parts and accordingly the ink is discharged directly into the recipient 52 (see FIG. 1). Once the containers are displaced to position A the apparatus is now in a position to dispense ink from the containers 10. If the ink has a very low viscosity it may not be necessary to actuate the pressure pump.
As shown in FIG. 1, a scale 50, herein an electronic scale, is mounted on a slidable support rail 51 whereby the scale may be displaced along a straight axis and under a desired one of the containers 10. A recipient or vessel 52 is disposed on the scale 50 prior to its calibration. By displacing the scale on the rail, the vessel 52 is positioned under a desired container so that a desired weight quantity of ink color can be dispensed from the selected container in a regulated amount and without any contact with machine parts, as mentioned above.
In order to dispense a regulated amount of the ink, the user rotates the hand operable knob 44 whereby the clamping head 42 starts withdrawing from the tube end and ink starts discharging at a rate depending on the size of the opening. It is to be noted that the pressure in the container applied through the pressure line 25 is very low controlled pressure and usually below two pounds so that ink will not gush out of the flexible tube when the restricted throat starts opening and pressure will not build up in the containers. The pressure increases the flow rate of the ink and thereby saving operator time. As the ink within the vessel 32 approaches the desired weight amount, the operator will shut off the hand-operable knob and then open it very slightly to add very small quantities until the substantially exact desired weight quantity is displayed on the scale 50. The dispensing procedure permits the operator to agitate the containers 10 prior to the dispensing of a combination of ink color mixtures and this is done by displacing the lever 34 of the crank mechanism 33 as previously described. The hose 25 connected to the pressure regulator 38 is a flexible hose and will follow the containers during the reciprocating displacements thereof. FIG. 6A shows the valve in a fully retracted position with the flexible tube free end 16' being fully open to discharge the ink 12 from the container 10.
It is within the ambit of the present invention to cover any obvious modifications of the example of the preferred embodiments described herein, provided such modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims. For example, the containers could be mounted on a turret type support frame with the container being displaced over a stationary scale 50, much like the above-referred-to prior art. However, such structure would be more expensive to fabricate and it may be difficult and require expensive mechanism to agitate the containers in such a position. Furthermore, although the agitating means as herein described consists of a crank lever, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that such agitation could be made by a motor drive connected by gears or belts to the axially rotatable shaft so that the agitation process can be effected automatically. However, the mechanical crank lever is much more economical. Furthermore, the dispensing valve could be automated but again this would make the apparatus more expensive and as pointed out hereinabove one of the features of this invention is its simplicity and economics, making it suitable for use by small printing establishments. With respect to the container 10, it is also conceivable that the nipple 20 could also be fitted with a one-way valve, but again this makes the container more expensive.
These are only examples of possible modifications to the apparatus and ink storage container of the present invention and it is not intended to be limiting. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such modifications as well as others provided they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 15, 1965
|Feb 6, 1968
|Products Res & Chemical Corp
|Gas-generating dispenser for viscous materials
|Nov 25, 1980
|May 31, 1983
|Miklos Szabo
|Apparatus for and method of spreading gaseous, liquid and powdered materials
|Feb 1, 1984
|Apr 29, 1986
|Nippon Paint Co., Ltd.
|Process and apparatus for metering liquid colorant
|Jun 12, 1989
|Oct 9, 1990
|Restaurant Technology, Inc.
|Condiment dispenser with pivotable arm
|Aug 30, 1990
|May 26, 1992
|Intel Corporation
|Apparatus for delivery of a liquid
|Jan 8, 1992
|Apr 12, 1994
|Continental Pet Technologies, Inc.
|Multilayer bottle with separable inner layer and method for forming same
|Nov 22, 1993
|Apr 4, 1995
|Satzinger Gmbh & Co.
|Apparatus for the metered dispensing of a flowable medium, especially a lubricant
|Nov 7, 1994
|Dec 12, 1995
|Hellenberg; Leendert
|Method of dispensing materials with improved accuracy
|Oct 18, 1994
|Sep 24, 1996
|Neri; Giuseppe
|Apparatus for metering pigments for paints and the like
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 2, 2000
|Jan 1, 2002
|Sonoco Development, Inc.
|Ink cartridge valve system
|Oct 29, 2001
|Jul 29, 2003
|Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
|Internal printer ink tank adapted for better space efficiency
|Jul 5, 2011
|Jean Lontoc
|Machine for mixing hair colors
|Mar 12, 2012
|Dec 1, 2015
|Stan Engineering Corp. S.R.L.
|Automatic dye-meter
|Jul 25, 2003
|Sep 1, 2005
|Jose Cortes Ferriz
|Module, system and method of dosing and mixing pasty products
|Dec 19, 2007
|Jun 25, 2009
|Jean Lontoc
|Machine for Mixing Hair Colors
|Mar 12, 2012
|Jan 2, 2014
|Stan Engineering Corp. S.R.L.
|Automatic Dye-Meter
|Oct 1, 2014
|Apr 8, 2015
|meamix GmbH
|Filling machine for liquid and pourable goods
|U.S. Classification
|141/83, 141/100, 222/389, 141/241, 222/212, 141/103, 222/167, 141/67, 141/64, 222/164, 222/160, 222/214, 141/104
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Feb 26, 2003
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 11, 2003
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Oct 7, 2003
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20030810


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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 4, 1980
|Filing date
|Oct 11, 1977
|Priority date
|Oct 11, 1977
|Publication number
|Bernard J. Bryant
|Original Assignee
|Bryant Bernard J
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (88), Classifications (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
My invention relates to methods, apparatus and materials for increasing the percentage of mammalian offspring of either sex, and more particularly to immunological methods of increasing the percentage of mammalian offspring of either sex, apparatus for carrying out such immunological methods, and seminal fluid materials obtained by using such methods, containing either male-determining spermatazoa or female-determining spermatazoa in substantial perponderance as compared with naturally occurring, unmodified semen.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Mechanical methods increasing the percentage of mammalian offspring of either sex by providing seminal fluids containing a surplus of either male-determining spermatazoa of female-determining spermatazoa with the aid of the difference in density between male-determining spermatazoa and female-determining spermatazoa are taught in the prior art, e.g., in abandoned United States Patent application Ser. No. 443,473, in United States Patent application Ser. No. 814,906, and in a paper by E. Schilling, "Separation of Bull Sperm by Sedimentation and Centrifugation and the Sex of the Born Cows," Zeitschrift fur Saugertierkunde, Volume 31, No. 4, pages 314-323 (1966). Such methods are known, however, to be characterized by reduced sperm survivability, and by reduced viability of the surviving sperm.
The speculation that immunological means can be used to increase the percentage of mammalian offspring of either sex is discussed in a paper entitled "Sex Ratio in Progeny of Mice Inseminated With Sperm Treated With H-Y Antiserum" by Bennett and Boyse, Nature, Volume 246, Nov. 30, 1973, pages 308 and 309.
An immunological method of increasing the percentage of mammalian offspring of either sex is disclosed in United States Pat. No. 3,687,806, issued to Gustaaf J. van den Boevenkamp on Aug. 29, 1972. The method of this patent required as a starting material a sperm fraction containing a surplus of either male-determining spermatazoa or female-determining spermatozoa isolated in accordance with the aforementioned abandoned application Ser. No. 443,473, the other above-mentioned application Ser. No. 814,906, or the aforementioned Schilling article, or closely related mechanical methods. Thus, the method of the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 3,687,806 necessarily suffers to a greater or lesser degree from the disadvantages of said mechanical methods, i.e., reduced sperm survival and reduced viability of the surviving sperm.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an immunological method of increasing the percentage of mammalian offspring of either sex without subjecting the required seminal fluid to mechanical separation techniques depending upon the very small density differential between male-determining spermatazoa and female-determining spermatazoa.
In general, it is an object of the present invention to provide a successful method for preselecting the sex of mammalian offspring.
Another object of the present invention is to provide apparatus for carrying out such a method.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide materials for use in the artificial insemination of mammalian females containing a very substantial preponderance of either male-determining spermatazoa or female-determining spermatazoa.
With the above objects in view, among other objects which will become apparent hereinafter, the present invention is characterized by the following features and aspects, and other features and aspects disclosed hereinbelow.
In accordance with a particular feature of the present invention, a known solid-phase immunoabsorbent system is applied to the separation of X and Y sperms contained in semen samples.
In accordance with another principal feature of the present invention a Y-antigen-specific antibody (hereinafter sometimes called "male-specific antibody" or "anti-Y antibody") is prepared and coupled to an immunoabsorbent material.
In accordance with another feature of the present invention, a male-specific antibody-coupled solid-phase immunoabsorbent material is used to selectively and solely bind male-determining spermatazoa (hereinafter sometimes called "Y-sperm") contained in a sperm suspension, so that female-determining spermatazoa (sometimes hereinafter called "X-sperm") can be directly recovered.
In accordance with another feature of the present invention, a means is provided for releasing immunoabsorbent-bound Y-sperm so that Y-sperm can be recovered.
In accordance with a particular aspect of the present invention, there is provided an immunoabsorbent-coupled male-specific antibody which binds selectively and solely to the Y-antigen, and to no other antigen, expressed on mammalian sperm surface membranes.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, method and apparatus are provided by which a given batch of male-specific antibody-coupled immunoabsorbent material can be tested for efficacy prior to use in mammalian sperm fractionation.
Other objects of my invention will in part be obvious, and will in part appear hereinafter.
My invention, accordingly, comprises the several steps and the relation of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, the apparatus embodying features of construction, combinations and arrangements of parts which are adapted to effect such steps, and the material which possesses the characteristics and properties, all as exemplified in the detailed disclosure hereinafter set forth, and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the appended claims.
For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the invention reference should be had to the following detailed description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing.
The drawing is a flow sheet illustrating the method of my invention.
As shown in the drawing, the method of my invention comprises preparing a male-specific antibody (sometimes called a "Y antigen-specific antibody" or "anti-Y antibody"): coupling said male-specific antibody to a solid-phase immunoabsorbent material; adding native semen to said male-specific antibody coupled solid-phase immunoabsorbent material and eluting female-determining spermatazoa directly; treating said solid-phase immunoabsorbent material containing bound male-determining sperm to inhibit the binding of the male-determining spermatazoa; and eluting the male-determining spermatazoa from said solid-phase immunoabsorbent material.
Experience with the method of my invention leads to the expectation that by its use seminal fluids (i.e., fluids suitable for use in artificial insemination, containing a substantial preponderance of male-determining spermatazoa or female-determining spermatazoa (Y-sperm or X-sperm)) may be provided which contain ten percent or fewer of undesired spermatazoa, and that these seminal fluids are fertile in artificial insemination and are strongly preselective for the desired sex of the offspring. Said experience also shows that a male-specific antibody prepared in one mammalian species by the method of my invention can be used to separate sex-determining spermatazoa of other mammalian species, i.e., the male-specific antibody is to some extent immunologically cross-reactive between species.
Referring now to the drawing, a generalized example illustrating the practice of the method of my invention, the structure of the apparatus of my invention, and the seminal fluids of my invention, will now be described in detail. It is to be understood, however, that my invention is not limited to the particular methods, apparata, and seminal fluids described in detail hereinbelow, since many variations in the below-described specific methods, apparata, and seminal fluids will occur to those having ordinary skill in the art of immunology, upon being informed by my present disclosure, without the exercise of invention.
As will be evident to those having ordinary skill in the field of immunology from examination of the drawing, the technique of isolating male-specific antibody selected for use in carrying out the abovesaid generalized example of the method of my invention is the technique of animal immunization with Y antigen. As is known to those having ordinary skill in the art, however, male-specific antibody can be isolated from the blood sera in which it occurs by several other techniques well-known in the art of immunology, and thus my method invention is not limited to the employment of animal immunization techniques for the production of the required male-specific antibody.
By way of example, however, and by way of example only, the following animal immunization technique, based upon the fact that Y antigen capable of eliciting male-specific antibody in the blood of female recipients is found on epidermal cells and sperm heads of male rodents, may be used to provide the male-specific antibody required for carrying out the method of my invention.
Female rabbits are hyper-immunized by intraperitoneally injecting 500 million trypsin-dissociated epidermal cells from male rabbits in a series of twice-weekly injections lasting 6 weeks. Six days after the last injection the female rabbits are exsanguinated. The blood samples thus obtained are allowed to clot, and crude antisera are isolated, complement-inactivated by heating at 56� C. for 30 minutes, and then pooled. Undesired antibodies are then removed from the crude antiserum pool by a series of fifteen repeated absorptions using equal volumes of packed, washed female rabbit spleen cells combined from several individuals. The absorbed antiserum pool is finally fractionated by agarose gel filtration according to the method of Hannon (Journal of Immunological Methods, 1975, 8:29). The fraction representing gamma globulin G is isolated and stored at -20� Celsius until used in further carrying out of the method of my invention.
As will be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art of immunology, the just described technique of raising and refining the required male-specific antiserum or anti-Y antiserum is, in accordance with one teaching of my invention, especially well adapted to assure the monospecificity of the antiserum. That is, to assure that the antiserum thereby raised and refined, and intended for application in sperm fractionation, will contain antibody capable of binding to the Y antigen, but to no other antigens, expressed by sperm surface membranes. Antisperm antibodies other than anti-Y or male-specific could diminish both the precision of the sperm fractionation process of my invention and the fertility of the resulting seminal fluid material of my invention.
It is to be particularly noted that the just described technique, in accordance with a particular aspect of my invention, employs epidermal cells, rather than sperm heads or whole sperm, as the immunizing male tissue, although sperm heads or whole sperm have been used for the same purpose in the prior art, even though it is obvious that undesired sperm-specific antibodies may be induced by this tissue, which could be difficult to remove from the crude antisera by subsequent absorption procedures.
The monospecificity of the male-specific antiserum obtained by the just described technique may be tested by coupling a portion of it with fluorescein isothiocyanate. In carrying through this test of the present invention the fluorscent-tagged antiserum is combined with human spermatazoa in a direct fluoresence microscopic preparation. Bright fluorescence of approximately 50 percent of the sperm indicate specific binding of the fluorescent tagged male-specific antiserum by Y sperm. The lack of staining of the remaining approximately 50 percent of the sperm, i.e., the X sperm, indicates the essential monospecificity of the antiserum produced by the just described technique for the Y antigen.
Referring now to the drawing, it will be seen that the just described male-specific antiserum or antibody preparation technique is represented by the rectangles 10, 12, 14, and 16 of the drawing.
As will also be evident to those having ordinary skill in the art reviewing the drawing, the immediately above described antiserum monospecificity test, if shown in the drawing, which it is not, would immediately follow the agarose gel chromatography indicated in the step of reference numeral 18.
Referring again to the drawing, it will be seen that after the collection of the crude antisera as noted in the step of reference numeral 18 and its refinement by heat, repeated absorptions and chromatographic fractionation by agarose gel filtration, all of which steps are denoted by reference numeral 18, and after the above-described monospecificity test, the refined antiserum is coupled to a solid-phase immunoabsorbent material, as noted under reference numeral 18.
It is noted that, in accordance with a particular aspect of the invention, it is preferred to alter the concentration of the bulk portion of the antiserum to one milligram per milliliter in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, prior to immunoabsorbent coupling.
The said immunoabsorbent coupling, i.e., coupling of the previously produced male-specific antibodies to solid-phase immunoabsorbent material may be carried out as follows.
Sephadex G-200 beads (Pharmacia) are seived to provide 60 milliliters of beads to a size of 80 to 120 micrometers. The thus-seived beads are activated with 100 milligrams of cyanogen bromide at pH 10.2 for 10 minutes, resulting in a 20 to 30 percent reduction in volume. This activation treatment renders the immunoabsorbent material capable of accepting protein molecules by covalent bonding. The activated beads are washed in borate-buffered saline at pH 8.3. 20 milligrams (20 milliliters) of monospecific male-specific antibody are added to the washed, activated beads, which first have rested at room temperature for about 4 hours without mechanical stirring. The resulting Sephadex G-200 anti-Y antibody conjugate is washed with phosphate-buffered saline over a sintered glass funnel without suction, mixing every 15 minutes with a glass rod.
The thus washed immunoabsorbent-anti-Y conjugate is used to prepare a series of columns by packing 12 milliliter plastic, disposable syringes, fitted with a polyethylene retainer disk instead of a piston, with eight to ten milliliters of the conjugate.
These columns are washed prior to sperm fractionation with medium 199 containing 50 percent fetal calf serum by volume, 2.5 millimolar ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid by weight and 1 percent penicillin streptomycin by volume (hereinafter called "medium no. 1".)
Having thus prepared the fractionation columns (reference numeral 20 in the drawing), live sperm (reference numeral 22 in the drawing) may not be prepared for fractionation in accordance with the method of my invention by the following technique.
The live sperm are dispersed in medium no. 1 and then centrifuged gently. The non-cellular supernatant is decanted from the centrifugation vessel, and then the sedimented sperm are resuspended in fresh medium no. 1. The sperm suspension in fresh medium no. 1 is centrifuged gently, and the supernatant non-cellular material again decanted from the centrifugation vessel. The sedimented sperm from the second decanting step is then suspended in a new medium, i.e., medium 199 containing 50 percent fetal calf serum by volume and 2.5 millimolar ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid by weight (hereinafter called "medium no. 2"), in a concentration of 10 to 20 million cells per milliliter. This sperm suspension, sometimes hereinafter called the "prepared sperm suspension", is ready for application to the prepared immunoabsorbent columns.
As indicated in the drawing by reference numeral 24, the prepared sperm suspension may now be applied to the previously prepared fractionation columns in accordance with the following technique.
A 5 to 10 milliliter portion of the just described prepared sperm suspension is applied to each 8 milliliter column at room temperature. Eluates comprising the X sperm fraction are collected from the columns by stepwise elution with 15 milliliter amounts of the abovesaid medium no. 2 at a flow rate of approximately 0.3 to 0.5 milliliters per minute, continued until the effluent is virtually cell-free. This elution of the female-determining sperm is indicated by the reference numeral 26 in the drawing.
Having eluted substantially all of the female-determining spermatazoa from the fractionation columns, the male-determining spermatazoa may be recovered from the fractionation columns in accordance with the following technique.
A quantity of medium no. 2 re medium 199, a commercially available tissue culture medium sold by Digco of Detroit, Mich., to which is added fifty percent fetal calf serum by volume and 2.5 millimolar ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid [EDTA] by weight, is supplemented with 10 milligrams of male-specific antibody per milliliter. The antibody-supplemented medium hereinafter is called "medium no. 3".
Eluates comprising the male-determining spermatazoa are collected from the fractionation columns by stepwise elution with 15 milliliter amounts of medium no. 3.
As seen in the drawing, such elution with medium no. 3 subserves the two steps of adding free antibody to the fractionation columns (reference numeral 28) and eluting the male-determining spermatazoa from the fractionation columns (reference numeral 30).
As will be evident to those having ordinary skill in the art of immunology, then, the male-determining sperm fraction is eluted from the fractionation columns, in accordance with the principles of the present invention, by employing the well-known principle of competitive inhibition of cellular binding.
In accordance with a further teaching of the present invention, the contents of the fractionation columns will preferably be gently mixed during the elution of the male-determining sperm fraction by carefully drawing the immunoabsorbent beads up and down in a Pasteur pipet. Further, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, this gentle mixing action by pipet will preferably be continued until the effluent from the fractionation columns is virtually cell-free.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, it is preferred that the male-determining and female-determining sperm eluates both be washed, i.e., centrifuged and then resuspended, three times in medium 199 containing 5 percent fetal calf serum by volume (hereinafter called "medium no. 4") prior to testing for remaining fractional content of undesired sperm.
While the just described technique of freeing immunoabsorbent-bound male-determining sperm from the fractionation columns, employing the principle of competitive inhibition, may be successfully used in carrying out the method of my invention, it is to be understood that the method of my invention is not limited to the employment of this particular competitive inhibition technique, since alternative techniques are well-known to those having ordinary skill in the art of immunology. Such alternative techniques include enzymatic digestion of the immunoabsorbent and alteration of pH or salt concentration of the medium. Other techniques will occur to those having ordinary skill in the art of immunology without the exercise of invention.
Seminal fluids for artificial insemination materials of my invention, prepared by the steps and techniques set out hereinabove, have been tested for (i) the efficacy of separation in sperm suspensions prepared from one species of mammal, and (ii) the fertility of the separated sperm fractions in a second species of mammal.
Efficacy according to (i) was measured by criteria of total cell recovery and degree of X and Y sperm separation attained in the fractions. The quinacrine fluorochrome, a cellular stain known in the prior art to be specific for the presence of the Y chromasome in human sperm, was used in this test. The results of this test showed that Y fractions containing 89 percent or more of Y positive cells and X fractions containing 6 percent or fewer of Y positive cells were obtained with a sperm loss of 18 percent or less (Table I).
Fertility according to (ii) was measured by sex preselection trials in mice. Pooled epidermal and vas deferens sperm from male mice were fractionated and brought to a concentration of five million sperm per 0.1 milliliter in medium no. 4. Recipient females were each inseminated with five million sperm at 24 to 30 hours post partum. Control females were mated to male mice at 24 to 30 hours post partum. The results showed that insemination with male-determining seminal fluids or female-determining seminal fluids prepared in accordance with the method of my invention strongly pre-selected the sex of the offspring, resulting in fewer than ten percent of undesired issue by sex (Table II).
These data are statistically significant at the level of 0.001 by Chi-X Square test. The fact that a 60 percent conception rate was achieved in this test speaks well for the fertility of the seminal fluids or artificial insemination materials produced by the method of my invention, when compared with the well-known technical difficulties in the artificial insemination of mice as shown by the comparable conception rates which were obtained in trials with unfractionated mouse sperm suspension. The offspring sex ratios attained in these tests (Table II) conform closely to the sex ratios expected on the basis of residual contamination of the inseminated fractions by sperm of the undesired sex chromosome type as observed in the fluorescent malespecific antibody staining tests referred to hereinabove. It is believed, then, that the expected sex ratio to be achieved by any particular batch of seminal fluid or artificial insemination material of the present invention can therefore be predicted by such testing.
It is believed to be apparent from the foregoing that an anti-male-rabbit-specific antibody raised in female rabbits, treated in accordance with a method of my invention to produce artificial insemination materials of my invention, can effect a separation of male-determining and female-determining spermatazoa in semen from mice and humans. This result accords with data from the scientific literature which indicate that the Y antigen of mammals exhibits the property of extensive immunological cross-reactivity between species.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those made apparent from the preceding description, are efficiently attained, and, since certain changes may be made in carrying out the above methods, and in the apparatus described, and in the artificial insemination material set forth, without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawing shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
It is particularly noted that the method of the present invention, employing as it does a solid-phase immunoabsorbent system which permits mammalian X and Y sperm to be separated by differential binding of Y sperm to the immunoabsorbent, rather than by mechanical methods relying upon the very small differential density between X sperm and Y sperm, is fully reversible so that Y sperm or male-determining sperm can be recovered without the cellular damage attending conventional cellular agglutination, cytolysis, or other means of cellular inactivation. It is believed that the importance of these properties of the method of my invention for fertility and precision in separated sperm fractions intended for sex preselective artificial insemination purposes cannot be overestimated.
The test data from the efficacy test (i) and fertility test (ii) referred to above are as follows:
Table I.______________________________________Human X and Y sperms before and after fractionationusing immunoabsorbent-anti-Y antibody conjugate. SpermY positive cells (%)1 Recovery (%)2Trial Unfractionated X fraction Y fraction______________________________________1 47 2 92 822 48 5 93 823 45 4 90 884 48 6 89 89______________________________________ 1 Based on counts of 200 quinacrine stained cells/category 2 Based on dividing cells in combined fractions by cell input into column.
Table II.______________________________________Sex preselective capacity of mouse sperm fractionatedby means of anti-Y antibody coated immunoabsorbent.Male Births (%)1Control X Fraction Y Fraction______________________________________46.6 4.2 92.3______________________________________ 1 based on 150 or more births/category.
From the foregoing, it is believed to be apparent that the completely immunological, and not-mechanical, method of my invention has great utility in controlling the sex of mammalian offspring. It is further believed that the method, apparatus, and artificial insemination materials of my invention are especially important in commercial application in the field of animal husbandry for example, in permitting the breeder or farmer to have a choice in selecting the sex of animal offspring. By way of illustration, the dairy farmer can elect to obtain only female off-spring and thereby breed only milk-producing cows, rather than bulls. Regarding human procreation, my invention provides parents with a simple, easily employed means to select or control the sex of their offspring, in that they may satisfy the desire to have a child of a particular sex, thus limiting family size and contributing to the reduction of world population problems.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of my invention herein described, and all statements of the scope of my invention, which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
We just returned from a 4 night stay at the Barceló Maya Palace Deluxe. I recommend the hotel for families as it was a great all inclusive experience for my children. I have been to the Iberostar adult only and felt the restaurants were better at the Barceló but service is better at Iberostar. I highly recommend eating at all the Palace restaurants for the experience. The French restaurant is the best. The Steak/Italian/Brazillian was the least. I agree with many reviewers that the Ravioli was not good at the Brazillian--and should be replaced. I agree with many of the pros/cons listed in the reviews. I would add the following:
Beautiful photo opp at the rear of the hotel; we took our own family photo
Staff willingness to replace restaurant food selections when we did not like our choice
Plenty of seating choices at the beach; many with shade
Lobby bar open 24 hours
Replenished room snack bar
Mayan Coffee
Resort Shopping is limited and not unique.
No resort activities for teens (there was snorkeling)
Long wait (not air-conditioned) to make restaurant reservations after checkin (only 1 service attendant)
No welcome drinks waiting upon arrival (used private hotel transportation)
The resort tram makes many stops and can take a long while to get to destination; Wished for a ride in the golf cart.
No daily activities handout that shows all activities for all hotels. Would be nice to provide menus from all the restaurants on the resort and not just the ones on the palace.
Margaritas are made with sour mix.
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- Also Known As:
- Barcelo Maya Palace Deluxe Hotel Puerto Aventuras
- Barcelo Puerto Aventuras
- Barcelo Hotel Puerto Aventuras
- Barcelo Maya Palace Deluxe Riviera Maya/Puerto Aventuras, Mexico


text:
The race is on to find a way to create wine in a laboratory. Is such a thing possible? And what are the implications for wine drinkers? Felicity Carter asks the scientists.
Wine Business International
If you'd like to see what's in Meininger's Wine Business International magazine, you're in luck - we're giving away free copies.
Robert Joseph asks what impact the legalisation of cannabis will have on the wine industry.
Germany is the world's biggest import market and, as elsewhere, it's sommeliers who are the tastemakers. Sascha Speicher identifies the sommeliers making the most impact.
The UK has given itself until 2020 to export ten times the volume of sparkling wine that it does today. James Lawrence asks whether this is realistic or not.
Santorini's white grape Assyrtiko has ancient roots, finds Gregory Michailos. And yet it represents the face of modern Greek winemaking
The race is on to find a way to create wine in a laboratory. Is such a thing possible? And what are the implications for wine drinkers? Felicity Carter asks the scientists.
As the wine trade becomes more competitive, better business skills are needed in order to survive. Felicity Carter talks to the founder of a new MBA in Wine, Sustainability and Sales.
The 2016 iteration of our popular Power List feature has been identifying notable sommeliers in important markets. Richard Woodard kicked off the series by identifying top sommeliers in the UK.
Australia's online wine retailer Vinomofo is about to take on the world. But is the world prepared for them? Jeni Port finds out more.
The light red Cinsault used to be used as filler. But now, says Jamie Goode, it's become one of the most exciting grape varieties in South Africa.


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"Whereby are given exceeding great and
precious promises:that by these ye might be partakers of the
divine nature..."2 Peter 1:4
My-oh-my! How thankful I am for the truly "great
and precious promises" our Great and Precious LORD has
given to you and to me.
I have found over these many, many years that for any and
every difficulty, challenge or question that comes my way, there
is a perfect promise in His Word that applies perfectly in order
to see me through!
In other words, for every problem, there is a promise!!!
Now, my son Benjamin just yesterday here at the Fellowship
released a wonderful new 4 minute video (shot in a single take
in our lovely Outdoor Amphitheater) in which he simply and
impactingly quotes from memory promise after promise after
And I simply must share it with you all today, as I know His
Word shared in this manner will bless you big-time in a
powerful, practical and prophetic way... Guarantee!!!
To take this short, 4 minute video in, simply click on the
following link...and be blessed!!!!
Hope Generation Creative:
Standing on His promises with you,


text:
Hey Girl, You Look Tired. Have A Seat.
Of all the crazed-fan groups in this world (Twihards and Beliebers, to name a few), we consider Ryan Gosling lovers (Gos-heads?) to be relatively sane — and only partly because we're some of his biggest fans. However, this brand new RyGos chair might just put Gos-heads into the realm of the fully obsessed.
FaceChairs.com, a new celebrity collectibles company, has just launched a line of chairs with Mr. Gosling's face screen-printed right on the seat, so that...well, you get the idea. For a mere $374 (!), you can have the man of your dreams plastered to your tuchis whenever you please. And if, for some reason, RyGos doesn't do it for you, they've got chairs with George Clooney, Ryan Reynolds, and even...wait for it...Barack Obama. We wonder what the First Lady would think of that.
Photo: Courtesy of FaceChairs.com
- Entertainment |
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- Ryan Gosling | Ryan Gosling Face Chair - FaceChairs.com
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ive been here at motel 6 for almost two weeks. and I had all kinds of thoughts going on in my mind about where id be staying but you know im glad it was here!! I checked in,in the evening desk clerk very friendly and had everything ready for me my check in went very smooth thanks! get to my room it was very clean.thanks housekeeping dept!!got to have my pets with me without having extra charges on my bill. I will return to motel 6 when passing through again and will recommend to others. thanks motel 6 for making my stay comfortable!!!
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Budget property, discount coupons are offered at the visitors center. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Orbitz, Hotels.com, Expedia, Hotwire, Travelocity, Motel-6 and Odigeo so you can book your Super 8 Vicksburg reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
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|Message view
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|« Date » · « Thread »
|"Au, Leon" <leo...@amazon.com>
|Re: Question regarding mappings for CVE-2005-4836
|Tue, 07 Feb 2012 20:08:08 GMT
On 2/7/12 12:01 PM, "Christopher Restorff" <firstname.lastname@example.com> wrote: >Hello, > >I have a question regarding CVE-2005-4836: >http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2005-4836 > >The security bulletin, http://tomcat.apache.org/security-4.html, >mentions that it will not be fixed in 4.x. However, there is no >indication as to whether it affects 5.x or beyond. Is this issue >persistent in the 5, 6, and 7 versions? If not, which versions are not >affected. The link that you posted has a section on vulnerable software and versions. My guess is that it has the complete list of all versions affected. Leon > >Any help will be greatly appreciated. Thank you for your time. > >Sorry if this is a repost. I think I sent it to the wrong address and >never got any responses/confirmation that it went through. > > >--------------------------------------------------------------------- >To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com >For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com > --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: email@example.com
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In the ESL classroom, do you consider the cell phone your friend or foe? Yes, it's a huge distraction for teens and adults, and the use of cell phones in the ESL classroom should be managed appropriately.
But here lies the key. IF managed appropriately, the cell phone could be a wonderful, powerful tool in the classroom, particularly if you have adult learners. And to prove this, here are some great things you can do with a cell phone in class:
7 Great ESL Activities That Involve Cell Phones
Please note that for the One-sided Conversation and Matching Conversation, you may choose to use a toy phone, and it will get the job done just as well as a real phone. Also, these activities don't include tasks that involve texting or emailing you, for example, but those are also great options.
It has become increasingly difficult to completely ban cell phones in the ESL classroom, especially in ESL schools. Can we ask students to turn them off during class? Absolutely! Can we ask them not to bring them to class? It is very likely that our request will be met with reluctance. So, why not use this tool instead of fighting it? Your students will certainly be more motivated!
Do you think your ESL class could benefit from these activities? Would you be more willing to use cell phones in your class? Share your thoughts below!
And be sure to read our latest article Back to School Dilemma: Technological Gadgets in the ESL Classroom?
Enjoyed this article and learned something? Please share it!
Want more teaching tips like this?
Get the Entire BusyTeacher Library
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National Cyber Security Awareness Month to Launch at 2014 NASCIO Annual Conference
Launch brings together IT leaders from state, local, federal
government and private industry
LEXINGTON, Ky., Wednesday, September 3 — The National Association of State Chief Information Officers (NASCIO) announced today that National Cyber Security Awareness Month (NCSAM) will kick off at the NASCIO Annual Conference on October 1 in Nashville, Tennessee. The program will feature remarks by White House Cyber Security advisor Michael Daniel; federal, state and local partners; and panel sessions featuring both the public and private sector.
In its 11th year, NCSAM is a collaborative effort between U.S. Department of Homeland Security and its public and private partners to raise awareness about the importance of cyber security and individual cyber hygiene. NASCIO will be joined by federal partners, the National Cyber Security Alliance (NCSA), the Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC), Public Technology Institute (PTI), key state and local leaders, private sector stakeholders, and members of the public for an engaging morning dedicated to this vital subject.
NASCIO President and Mississippi's Chief Information Officer and Executive Director, Craig Orgeron said, "Cyber security continues to be a top issue for state CIO's, which is why NASCIO is so pleased to be hosting the NCSAM launch. We welcome our federal, local and industry partners for an informative discussion and productive program."
The event will take place at the Omni Nashville and attendance is open to all public and private industry partners. To register, visit NASCIO's website: www.NASCIO.org/NCSAMregistration
About NASCIO
The National Association of State Chief Information Officers is the premier network and resource for state CIOs and a leading advocate for technology policy at all levels of government. NASCIO represents state chief information officers and information technology executives from the states, territories, and the District of Columbia. The primary state government members are senior officials who have executive level and statewide responsibility for information technology leadership. State officials who are involved in agency level information technology management may participate as state members. Representatives from other public sector and non-profit organizations may also participate as associate members. Private sector firms may join as corporate members and participate in the Corporate Leadership Council. For more information about NASCIO visit www.nascio.org.
AMR Management Services provides NASCIO's executive staff. For more information about AMR visit www.AMRms.com/.News Source : National Cyber Security Awareness Month to Launch at 2014 NASCIO Annual Conference
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How to make money doing simple email submits
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text:
My 1999 dodge avenger is getting poor gas mileage and I have changed the spark plugs and plug wires. I also have replaced a MAP Sensor.I do not know what is causing this problem and with gas hikes it is making it difficult to drive.
Friday, March 23rd, 2012 AT 6:52 PM


text:
PRO Research
Humana: A Great Starter Stock For Insurance Investors
Ashleigh Rogers
Ashleigh Rogers
Humana: Misunderstood And 35% Undervalued
Convex Strategies • 11 Comments
Convex Strategies • 11 Comments
Thu, Jul. 21, 10:38 AM
- It's official. The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) has filed an antitrust suit in U.S. District Court in Washington, DC attempting to block the Anthem (ANTM +1.8%) and Cigna (CI +0.8%) merger and the Aetna (AET +0.9%) and Humana (HUM -0.4%) merger. In the complaint, the DOJ said the deals would be anti-competitive and would not be in the best interests of consumers.
- Unsurprisingly, the four companies take the opposite view.
Thu, Jul. 21, 5:27 AM
- With a decision on their merger expected within days, Aetna (NYSE:AET) and Humana (NYSE:HUM) remain in discussions with the DOJ, trying to convince federal regulators that their $37B deal will be good for seniors in the Medicare Advantage market.
- The insurers have pitched divestitures, with contracts ready to be signed for assets in markets where their coverage overlaps, but so far, the DOJ has not been convinced by the offers.
Tue, Jul. 19, 10:37 AM
- According to Bloomberg, the U.S. is preparing litigation to block the Anthem (ANTM -2.2%)/Cigna (CI -2%) and Aetna (AET -3.5%)/Humana (HUM -4.2%) mergers over antitrust concerns.
- Previously: Humana, Aetna slide on chatter over Justice Dept. meeting (July 7)
- Previously: Anthem-Cigna deal in jeopardy? (June 30)
- Update: The Department of Justice filed an antitrust lawsuit on July 21 opposing both mergers.
Sun, Jul. 10, 9:47 AM
- WellCare Health Plans (NYSE:WCG) and Centene (NYSE:CNC) have made competing offers for the Medicare Advantage insurance policies - covering about 350K people - that Aetna (NYSE:AET) plans to shed in order to acquire Humana (NYSE:HUM).
- Aetna presented the divestiture plan on Friday, when meeting with DOJ officials in a bid to address their antitrust concerns.
Fri, Jul. 1, 3:38 PM
- Aetna (AET -1.6%) is preparing to sell assets worth several billion dollars as it seeks to ease regulatory concerns over its proposed $37B takeover of Humana (HUM -2.3%), Bloomberg reports.
- The process is advanced and assets could be marketed to potential buyers within weeks, although any asset sale would be conditional on the completion of the merger, according to the report.
- The takeover has a higher probability of winning approval than reflected in market trading, says analyst Ira Gorsky, since the combination is easier to fix than the Anthem-Cigna deal because it is primarily about Medicare Advantage, which is based on distinct, local markets.
Thu, Jun. 23, 3:57 PM
- California's insurance commissioner urges national antitrust regulators to block Aetna's (AET +0.7%) proposed $34B takeover of Humana (HUM -0.2%), saying a merger would reduce competition in already heavily concentrated commercial health insurance markets in California and across the U.S.
- The commissioner also cites the negative impact on millions of seniors nationally who rely on Medicare Advantage, saying an Aetna-Humana combination would have 26% of all Advantage enrollees in the U.S., more than any other insurer.
- The statement comes just days after California's Department of Managed Health Care - the only regulatory agency in the state with official oversight of the deal - said it had approved the deal with conditions, including that AET hold down premium increases and invest $50M in communities.
Tue, Feb. 16, 4:42 AM
- Aetna (NYSE:AET) has received authorization from Florida's Office of Insurance Regulation for its $37B acquisition of Humana (NYSE:HUM), securing 10 of the 20 state approvals required for the largest deal ever in the U.S. insurance industry.
- The announced mergers of Aetna and Humana, as well as Anthem's bid for Cigna, have come under increased scrutiny as the transactions would reduce the number of nationwide health insurers from five to three.
Wed, Jan. 13, 3:23 AM
- Although still under review by the Justice Department, Aetna (NYSE:AET) Chief Executive Mark Bertolini expects the company's $37B acquisition of rival Humana (NYSE:HUM) to close this year.
- "So far, we have nothing to believe it will be any slower than that, or any faster," Bertolini said in an interview at the JP Morgan Healthcare conference.
- Anthem (NYSE:ANTM) CEO Joseph Swedish also anticipates the firm's $47B merger with Cigna (NYSE:CI) to close in 2016 - moves that will further consolidate the U.S. health insurance industry.
Oct. 19, 2015, 4:52 PM
- In a special meeting of Humana (NYSE:HUM) stockholders held today, more than 99% voted in favor of the merger with Aetna (NYSE:AET). The affirmative votes represented 87% of Humana's outstanding shares.
- Previously: Confirmed: Aetna to acquire Humana for $37B (July 3)
Oct. 19, 2015, 3:05 AM
- Shareholders will get their say this week on two proposed health insurer mergers: Aetna's (NYSE:AET) $37B offer for Humana (NYSE:HUM), and Centene's (NYSE:CNC) $6.3B bid for Health Net (NYSE:HNT).
- Although consumer advocates have raised concerns about whether the combination will lead to less competition and higher prices, proxy advisors ISS and Glass Lewis have given both deals a thumbs-up.
- Aetna and Humana investors are scheduled to vote this afternoon and Centene and Health Net shareholders will cast their ballots on Friday.
Sep. 2, 2015, 1:29 PM
- Forbes Contributor Bruce Japsen reports that the American Hospital Association (AHA) is urging the U.S. Justice Department to closely scrutinize Aetna's (AET +1.1%) proposed $37B takeout of Humana (HUM +0.4%). The hospital lobby says the deal would give Aetna too much power to raise prices of Medicare Advantage plans, the privately run portion of the Medicare program that has seen spectacular growth over the past few years.
- Humana is the second largest insurer of Medicare Advantage while Aetna is the fourth largest. Almost one third of Medicare beneficiaries (~17M Americans) participate in Medicare Advantage.
- AHA SVP and General Counsel Melinda Hatton says, "The deal will not just eliminate current competition between Humana and Aetna, it will eliminate future competition between them. It may create monopsony and enable the merged firm to exploit small, relatively powerless providers. Second, the merger may create downstream market power which could offset the desirable effects of countervailing power and premiums to consumers. Finally, the merger might create countervailing power but the merged firm might exercise it in anti-competitive ways, harming consumers or small providers."
- It's doubtful, though, that the AHA's posturing will scupper the deal.
Jul. 24, 2015, 6:15 AM
- Anthem (NYSE:ANTM) has agreed to buy Cigna (NYSE:CI) in a deal valued at $54.2B, wrapping up a year of negotiations and creating the largest health insurer in the U.S.
- Cigna shareholders will get $103.40 per share in cash and 0.5152 Anthem shares.
- The deal comes three weeks after Aetna (NYSE:AET) struck a deal to buy Humana (NYSE:HUM) for $37B and is part of an industry-wide consolidation following the roll-out of Obamacare.
Jul. 8, 2015, 6:19 AM| Jul. 8, 2015, 6:19 AM
Jul. 6, 2015, 8:07 AM
- In light of its merger with Aetna (NYSE:AET) Humana (NYSE:HUM) updates its Q2 and full-year 2015 guidance. For Q2, it expects non-GAAP EPS of $1.60 - 1.65 compared to its previous expectation of GAAP EPS of $2.78 - 2.83. The reduction is due to the elimination of its anticipated pretax gain from the sale of its Concentra business.
- For 2015, non-GAAP EPS is now projected to be $7.75 versus the previous range of $8.50 - 9.00.
- It target for 2016 Medicare pre-tax margin of 4.5 - 5% remains unchanged.
- The companies will host a conference call this morning at 8:30 am ET to discuss the merger.
Jul. 3, 2015, 2:51 AM
- After weeks of frenzied health insurer merger talks, Aetna (NYSE:AET) says it will buy Humana (NYSE:HUM) for about $37B, or about $230 per share.
- The deal will see Humana shareholders receive $125 in cash and 0.8375 Aetna shares for each share held, representing a premium of 23% from July 2's close.
- Following the merger, Aetna shareholders will own about 74% of the combined company.
- Previously: WSJ: Aetna very close to Humana buyout deal (Jul. 02 2015)
Jul. 2, 2015, 8:49 PM
- Aetna (AET -2.7%) is again close to a deal to buy Humana (HUM -2.9%) and it could be sealed as soon as tonight and announced this week, The Wall Street Journal reports.
- The deal -- another huge one in a big year for M&A -- would place Aetna near the top of Medicare business amid continuing industry consolidation.
- Humana shares have declined over the past two weeks, but are still up 5% from the end of May when it discussed selling itself. Aetna shares are up 8.9% over that time period.
Company Description
Humana, Inc. is a health care company that offers a wide range of insurance products and health and wellness services that incorporate an integrated approach to lifelong well-being. The company operates its business through the following segments: Retail, Employer Group, and Health and... More
Sector: Healthcare
Industry: Health Care Plans
Country: United States
Other News & PR
See More »


text:
Its been some time since I have logged in here, and alot has gone done. Got devorced, moved back home, found the best girl every, she got a house im moving in! thats about the last year or so of my life, last year was the worst and best all in one. Just started getting back into gaming. Been playing alot of gears 3 and now with Ghost recon out ill be putting a ton of time into that...im loving the new ghost recon..lol..well hope ill be back sooner then a year...lol...to post some more stuff.
kowalski matthew
- Total Points:
- 105,396
- Rank:
- Primordial Ooze
- Last Visit:
- 09/30/2012
- Currently:
- Offline
- Sex:
- Location:
- XBox Live: fullclip101
- PSN ID: Vegas360M
My Favorites
Favorite Music:
Pretty much any thing that doesnt suck. Hollywood Undead is my new band
Favorite Books:
Chariots of the Gods
Favorite TV Shows:
Ghost hunters,
V the new and old,
Sons of Anarchy
Favorite Movies:
all zombie movies old and new,
28 days later,
dawn of the dead,
resident evil 1 & 2,
final fantasy
Favorite TV Shows:
Ghost hunters,
V the new and old,
Sons of Anarchy
Favorite Movies:
all zombie movies old and new,
28 days later,
dawn of the dead,
resident evil 1 & 2,
final fantasy
My Interests
Interests:xbox 360, xbox live, zombie movies, Playstation 3, Riding my Mountain bike
Where I work:a printing shop
What I like to do:play videogames, hang with friends, drink beers.
My Tastes:04 honda element yeah yeah
My Clubs
817 members
This is a club for the revolutionary Xbox 360/PC trilogy from...
4828 members
Welcome to 1up's biggest and best Xbox 360 Club. I started this...
1738 members
Anything you want to talk about FF (favourite FF, sequel...
951 members
this is a club for anybody who is sick of staying at their rank....
268 members
Run by 1up members for 1up members this community is full of...
been a long time.....
the last year
May 24, 2012 12:47PM PST
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Hi :D I'm Federica, I'm italian and I'm a student :) I'm a photographer, but sometimes I do cosplay :D Now, I'm trying to sewing and do my cosplay alone. It's hard XD
Japanese Cameco. https://twitter.com/okudaao_photo/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/okudaao/
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Hi! I'm Aelynn. Just a girl from Ontario, Canada cosplaying for fun. Follow more of my progress and work here! https://www.facebook.com/AelynnsCosplay/
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I am a cosplayer from Colorado, USA. I enjoy working with armor and fabric. I make some original designs for outfits, as well as making cosplays of characters I love.
Hello!~~I am 小保~ I'd like to be friends with you! Twitter:alaudiyun WEIBO:http://weibo.com/322546969
Check CAA Magazine #23 in http://goo.gl/u1rlsH --------- The CAA is a photographic agency dedicated to conceptual and cosplay photography. WWW.CAAMAGAZINE.COM.BR We publish a Digital magazine with photographic works, taken by the CAA, dedicated to fantasy, sci-fi and cosplay culture. Photographers of the CAA: Ronaldo Ichi & Valesca Braga .... Twitter - @clickarteacao Facebook - http://fb.com/caaphotoshootmagazine Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/clickarteacao
AmyBleu, French Cosplayer ~ Levy & Gajevy Fangil and Trash ~ i Cosplay all Levy <3 I'm 17 yers Old ~ I hope you like my Work \^o^/ Facebook page ~ > https://www.facebook.com/AmyBleuRedfoxEvans?ref=hl Tumblr ~ > http://amybleu-k.tumblr.com/
Hii I´m Naomy From Ecuador I love cosplay, anime, manga, comics. I´m and psychology student and an activist of animals rights. More on my fan page I would apreciate you´re like https://www.facebook.com/pages/Megu-Cos/683154738364091?ref=hl
hello! i'm LA FRAAA!!!! <3 i sew abaut all my cosplay and i start on 2010! i love manga, comix, anime, fan art, cartoon, videogame, animaxion, film etc... in practice ALL <3