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[January 04, 2013]
Subaru To Debut Starlink At 2013 Consumer Electronics Show
CHERRY HILL, N.J., Jan. 4, 2013 /PRNewswire via COMTEX/ -- Subaru of America, Inc. announced today that it will debut a new STARLINK in-car connectivity brand at the 2013 Consumer Electronics Show (CES). Subaru STARLINK cabin technology represents the automaker's new infotainment strategy. For the first time ever, Subaru will have a stand-alone presence at CES, demonstrating its driver-friendly Aha integration and Eyesight® driver-assist system on the all-new 2014 Forester.
) STARLINK is the product of a new, cross-functional infotainment team created by Subaru parent company Fuji Heavy Industries. The global team of engineers, planners, and marketing strategists are working together to enhance connectivity & safety technology features in Subaru vehicles, while also simplifying and reducing overall cabin complexity.
"Subaru is proud to unveil STARLINK cabin technologies at the world's largest consumer electronics tradeshow," said Akio Takai, FHI Deputy General Manager, and leader of the infotainment cross-functional team (ICFT). "We understand that the driving experience is about much more than mobility, and we know that today's car shopper is looking for technologies that are value-added but also safe, helping them accomplish their daily errands without adding to driver distraction." STARLINK Infotainment The STARLINK connectivity suite offerings begin with the trend-setting Aha service by long-time Subaru partner HARMAN International. With Aha, Subaru drivers can safely access tens of thousands of stations of Web-based content such as: NPR® podcasts and 900 NPR member radio stations available via streaming; on demand music services such as Slacker® MOG® and Rhapsody®; news, talk radio, and podcasts from around the world; CBS RADIO's Radio.com; free audio books; personalized hotel recommendations from TripAdvisor; customized weather, surf and local park information; Facebook® and Twitter® newsfeeds in audio; and personalized restaurant and cafe recommendations from Yelp®. The channels from Aha are constantly changing and growing, allowing customers to always be able to access their favorite content from the web.
"Subaru STARLINK is about enhancing the driver's experience," said David Sullivan, Cross-Car Planning Manager for Subaru of America. "Aha gives drivers an easy, inexpensive and safe way to interact with information from their smartphone device without touching it while driving - the simple to use interface is transferred to your vehicle navigation screen automatically. We research, talk, and interact with consumers regularly - and many are looking for a safe way to utilize their apps in-car. We think the Aha app integration is a great way to kickoff our STARLINK efforts, and has much of the content our customers are looking for." STARLINK will continue to grow, adding content partners and connectivity capabilities over time. It will debut in the all-new 2014MY Subaru Forester in all navigation-equipped vehicles, and will also be introduced as a running change in 2013MY Subaru Legacy & Outback models equipped with factory navigation. 2014MY Subaru Impreza, BRZ, and XV Crosstrek models will all be adding STARLINK integration this summer as well.
EyeSight Combining safety and convenience features, the Subaru EyeSight driver-assist system is one of the most affordable technologies of its type available in the United States market. EyeSight integrates adaptive cruise control, pre-collision braking, pre-collision throttle management, and vehicle lane departure and sway warning. Under certain circumstances, EyeSight is able to bring the car to a complete stop, thus avoiding a collision.
EyeSight uses two charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras developed by Subaru, and supplied by Hitachi. EyeSight is mounted inside the car on the upper edge of the windshield, thus reducing the potential for damage that could occur in bumper-mounted systems, such as radar. The EyeSight system processes stereo images to identify the vehicles traveling in front, as well as obstacles, traffic lanes and other items. The video information is relayed to the EyeSight module, which is also networked with the car's braking system and electronic throttle control, among others. Below closing speeds of approximately 19mph, EyeSight is capable of detecting pedestrians in the vehicle's path and can activate in order to mitigate or even avoid a collision.
"Our STARLINK connectivity strategy builds on the Subaru heritage of fun-to-drive vehicles that are recognized for best-in-class safety and durability," said Takai. "As technology evolves, so will our STARLINK offerings. We look forward to satisfying our customers more in the future with this new direction at Subaru." Follow Subaru: -- On Facebook at www.facebook.com/subaruofamerica -- Twitter at www.twitter.com/subaru_usa #SubaruCES -- Foursquare www.foursquare.com/subaru #SubaruCES About Subaru of America, Inc. Subaru of America, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. of Japan. Headquartered in Cherry Hill, N.J., the company markets and distributes Subaru Symmetrical All-Wheel Drive vehicles, parts and accessories through a network of more than 600 dealers across the United States. All Subaru products are manufactured in zero-landfill production plants and Subaru of Indiana Automotive Inc. is the only U.S. automobile production plant to be designated a backyard wildlife habitat by the National Wildlife Federation. For additional information visit www.subaru.com.
"Subaru", all model names, and the Subaru logo are registered trademarks of the Subaru division of Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd, Japan. Features and technical data apply to models offered in the USA. They may differ in other countries.
About Aha by HARMANAha, a unit of HARMAN International Industries, is the interactive service that makes Web content as easy and safe to use as radio. Aha uses the Harman Cloud Platform to organize content from the Web into personalized radio stations that consumers can listen to from anywhere - at home, on the go, or safely from the driver's seat. By the end of 2013, more than ten automotive manufacturers will launch vehicles using Aha to enable safe access to Web content for drivers, including Acura, Chrysler, Ford, Honda, Porsche and Subaru. The Aha platform and service was started in 2008 in Silicon Valley by a group of Web and multimedia veterans with a shared passion for delivering an "always on" audio experience to connect drivers to the content they really want. HARMAN, the company that designs, manufactures and markets a wide range of audio and infotainment solutions for the automotive, consumer and professional markets, acquired Aha in September 2010. For more information, visit www.aharadio.com or find Aha on Facebook and Twitter.
"CBS RADIO" and "Radio.com" is a registered trademark of CBS Radio, Inc. "Facebook" is a registered trademark of Facebook Inc. The "Twitter" name is a trademark of Twitter, Inc. in the United States and other countries. "Slacker" is a registered trademark of Slacker, Inc. "Yelp" name is a registered trademark of Yelp!, Inc. "MOG" is a registered trademark of Mog, Inc. "SHOUTcast is a trademark of AOL LLC". "Rhapsody is a registered trademark of RI". "NPR" is a trademark of National Public Radio, Inc. Other trademarks and trade names are those of their respective owners.
Sheriece Matias Subaru of America, Inc. 410-972-9177 firstname.lastname@example.com Sean Maynard Subaru Press Information (248) 805-1656 firstname.lastname@example.com SOURCE Subaru of America, Inc.
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Front Feature
BREAKING: 17-Year Old Male Drowns in Charles River
A 17-year-old male who was recovered from the bottom of the Charles River Friday night was pronounced dead by drowning, according to the Massachusetts State Police.
Blyth Resigns as Management Company CEO
Blyth, who assumed leadership of HMC in in January 2015, will leave for personal reasons, according to a press release from the University Wednesday, but will remain a senior adviser to the HMC Board.
BGLTQ Student Life Director Steps Down
Harvard's first BGLTQ Student Life director Van Bailey departed earlier this summer after four years at the College as the office he oversaw moves to a new joint space with the Office for Equity, Diversity and Inclusion.
Harvard Medical School Receives $20 Million Gift for Global Health Research
The gift will endow a professorship in the Department of Global Health and Social Medicine and provide funding—specifically for junior faculty and fellows—in fields including HIV and Ebola research.
A.D. Club Rules Out Merger with Female Clubs
During a summer in which several single-gender social groups have adopted a wait-and-see approach in response to imminent University sanctions, the all-male A.D. Club has ruled out merging with a female club should it adopt gender neutral policies.
Harvard and Berklee Partner for Joint Music Degree Program
Harvard College and Berklee College of Music have formalized a new dual-degree program, marking the beginning of a partnership that promises to marry Harvard's liberal arts curriculum with a more focused, advanced degree in music from Berklee.
With Fisher Ruling on the Docket, Future of Harvard Admissions Litigation Unclear
Though Harvard administrators rejoiced after the Supreme Court upheld race-conscious admissions policies at the University of Texas, it is unclear whether the decision will similarly apply to Harvard as it fights to protect its admissions policies in court.
In Landmark Ruling, Supreme Court Backs Race-Conscious Admissions
University President Drew G. Faust praised the decision for protecting affirmative action, a policy that Harvard has fought to keep in the past and continues to defend in court.
McNeil Named Interim Head of Medical School as Search for Permanent Dean Continues
McNeil served a previous stint as acting dean in the summer of 2007, just before Medical School Dean Jeffrey S. Flier—who is set to resign at the end of July after nine years at the helm of the school—took office.
Harvard Will Move to Dismiss Suit Over Sexual Harassment Case
Harvard filed its initial response, which indicates the University will seek to throw out the complainant's claims instead of settle, four months after after Alyssa R. Leader '15 initially opened the lawsuit in federal court.
Harvard Mourns Victims of Orlando Shooting
Tears and embraces rippled through a crowd of more than 200 Harvard affiliates who gathered at the steps of Memorial Church early Tuesday evening to commemorate the victims of a brutal attack on a gay nightclub in Orlando.
After Long Wait, Elizabeth Warren Endorses Clinton
Massachusetts Senator and former Harvard Law professor Elizabeth Warren has endorsed Hillary R. Clinton—the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee
Spielberg Calls On Graduates To Follow 'Intuition' in Commencement Speech
Renowned filmmaker Steven Spielberg called on graduates to follow their intuition and avoid falling prey to overwhelming "voices of authority." Drawing upon his own path to a career in film, Spielberg compelled graduates to follow their gut.
Behind Closed Doors
How Harvard's final clubs went from unrecognized to penalized
Outside Overseers Ticket Comes Up Empty-Handed
None of the five Harvard alumni who ran on an outside ticket—dubbed "Free Harvard, Fair Harvard"— for Harvard's Board of Overseers were elected to the body, the University announced Monday.

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text:
IMDb > Kane (Character)
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Kane (Character)
from Kane & Lynch: Dead Men (2007) (VG)
The content of this page was created by users. It has not been screened or verified by IMDb staff.
Adam "Kane" Marcus, born August 27th, 1969, is a former member of The7... See more »
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- Kane & Lynch 2: Dog Days (2010) (VG) Played by Brian Bloom
- Kane & Lynch: Dead Men (2007) (VG) Played by Brian Bloom
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- Lara Croft and the Guardian of Light (2010) (VG) Played by Brian Bloom
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text:
I know someone was praying for us because I felt like we had some neat blessings at the beginning of the drive. The first one was the van started making weird noises right out of the gate. I know that doesn't sound great - but we were able to stop at the mechanic and get everything fixed before our big drive. And it was kind of a big deal - like we would have died. Good to not die.
So this is what the beginning of our trip looked like...
Then we FINALLY got on the road and after about 5 minutes of driving - I couldn't find my phone. We pulled over and searched high and low. I ended up driving BACK to the car place and my phone was just sitting on one of the black chairs. I was so glad I didn't drive any further than 5 minutes. Like all the way to Nashville and then wonder where my phone was.
Here we are - made it the 3 hours in one piece. I would say out of the 22 hours of driving - the first leg was the worst. After about 40 minutes of driving - all 4 kids were whining and tired. And Freddy seemed miserable but luckily that wasn't indicative of the rest of the drive. phew.
This place is funny. WAY overpriced food and it's super disgusting but you pay for the atmosphere - which makes it worth it. The kids loved it.
For some reason I thought it would be a good idea to let them all order drinks the size of their heads.
roaring tigers and elephants spraying steam - what's not to love?
Another story that makes me look dumb but shows how we were being watched over...
So, we left the restaurant and went to use the mall's bathroom. When we got out of the bathroom I looked down and noticed Luke wasn't wearing shoes!! "LUKE!!! Where are your shoes!!??" Luke: "Um, oh maybe I left them in the restaurant. I think they are under the table." And then I said, "Are you serious? Oh man, sometimes I wonder about your brain" Or some such snarky remark I probably shouldn't have said. So we go back to the restaurant, back to our table and are looking around for the shoes and can't find them. Our waitress comes out and sees us and says "oh, are you looking for your credit card ma'am?" ??? "Oh ... actually no, I was looking for my son's shoes but did I leave my credit card here!?" Yes, I did. I'm a dork. And Luke actually saved the day by being a weirdo leaving his shoes there and walking around a mall bathroom in his bare feet. Hurray for Luke!! Ha ha. And he fittingly said, "mom, sometimes I wonder about your brain." Touche Luke, touche.
Then we get back to the van and I decide to let Freddy roam free while I get the movie all set up. Well, that was a bad idea because he found my dark chocolate that had melted in the sun and smeared it all over the van. It was a very trying moment, but we got through it.
The drive to Knoxville was easy peasy because Freddy fell asleep and the kids just watched a movie. We got to our sweet hotel that was tiny - which was perfect for a single mom schlepping all the bags in by myself. We basically parked right by the room AND the room was right by the pool.
And the very next day - guess whose face I got to see in real life??
She does everything perfectly. She's really busy - teaches piano lessons, home schools and is the relief society president and basically never sees her husband. But she doesn't ACT like that. She just is the same funniest girl ever. I really don't know how she does it. I asked her husband one night (when he got home at 10pm!) if she ever looses her temper. He said, no - she doesn't and he didn't know how she did it either. Anyway - she's pretty much my idol. Ever since Jessica Roylance judged her legs to be sexiest - I should have known I would never measure up. Darn Jessica Roylance. I just loved basking in her happy funniness and watching her family flourish under her gentle and delightful ways.
Trying to capture this funny moment of Trisha telling my girls highly inappropriate bedtime stories. They were giggling so hard at her really immature bedtime raps and impromptu songs. what a dork. grow up trish. Oh man, that sweet little Evie has no idea what she is in for.
The next morning we drove to one of the coolest places I've ever been. I can't even remember what it's called but it's just so quirky and small-towny and it made the kids so happy.
The funniest part was this little train ride that took you around a loop. They had a few plastic animals along the way and the kids were like - "oh look a bear!" "and a deer!" It was pretty much the best.
The coolest thing of the day was this. Every kid gets a big bucket of sand and they sift it and strain it until they find the sparkly beautiful rocks. Trisha and my kids bonded over their love of rocks for sure.
Most of this trip consisted of the kids having a blast in the Lee backyard - playing on the trampoline and making "cities" in the pine needles under the trees.
Our kids all got along wonderfully - I don't think there was a single fight. I don't think that had anything to do with my kids. I'm telling you - these kids are angels.
A lot of time was spent at what the kids called "the islands" next to the walking trail in their neighborhood. They live in a really cool neighborhood.
And I also just want to add this picture I took of her home school room. I got to see her charts and schedules and curriculum. I even got to hear the songs she makes up to help her kids remember things. I wish Trisha was my teacher!! They are learning Chinese and Spanish and violin and piano and reading up a storm and collecting rocks and coins and PLAYING and being kids. It's a good life.
We miss those guys. It was really fun to visit them. Even though I went to visit MY friend - it ended up being more of a trip for the kids. I was surprised how much fun they had and as we left Luke sadly said - "I will never forget my time here.
And I want to say - being two high school kids is a lot different than being two moms with a bunch of kids and babies. It's a lot of work to be moms and Trisha had a newborn and was still getting up at night and then making food and cleaning. And Freddy was really clingy and Maryanne had a few epic meltdowns (one was warranted - when her new white stuffed kitty fell in the pond when she was standing on the bridge and floated away) Anyway - what I'm trying to say is we aren't as carefree as the 17 year old us but I say we are even better. We might not have had time to do any prank calling or Christmas photo shoots but I loved watching my friend in action as a mother. It was truly inspirational.
Ok, blah blah - now on to DOLLYWOOD. We decided to stop at Dolly Pardon's very own amusement park on the way back. And Joey just happened to be in Nashville for a work thing and drove over to Pigeon Forge, TN to join us.
We went Friday afternoon but my phone died so I didn't take pictures. I'm just going to have to remember the look on Freddy's face on the little bees and piggies and ducks. It was so darn cute. So the tricky thing was I was by myself and there wasn't much that the girls could ride by themselves. They needed to ride with someone big but I had Freddy. So, what I did was find random teenagers and ask if they would take my girls on the rides - like the swings and the sky rider and the scrambler. Rides like those. Luke could go on just about anything. But he had to go by himself. So it was hard.
The girls and a random teenager. Most of them were so nice to take them and the girls loved meeting all the cool big girls.
First thing on Saturday morning - since we had a daddy now to take the little ones - Luke and I got to run away and go on a couple really big rollercoasters. It was really fun - but it was also the first Saturday since the park opened and it was crowded. So we waited in line for 45 mins to an hour. But I like Luke and it was fun to hang out with him and play games. This is us before our first big ride (I think it was Thunderhead)
And this is Luke playing on my phone while we were waiting in line for the second ride (Mystery Mine)
Smokey Mountain River Rampage.
I splurged because we were waiting for Dad and Luke to ride some roller coasters and these guys sort of ran out of rides they could ride. So, face painting it is.
And cotton candy
Daredevil Falls - Luke and Joey
Mine and Joey's favorite ride was barnstormer. It feels like you are flying. And I will have to ask Luke - I think he said it was Dizzy Discs or Mystery Mine. The girls said Swings and Sky Rider. We had a lot of fun.
And I picked up a little thank you gift on my way out.
Our drive home was actually...
Easter Sunday 2016
the easter bunny found the hotel
And to wrap things up .... here's more weird pictures my kids took --
And then it was home again home again jiggity jig. Just in time to get some sleep before starting school the next day. A very good spring break.


text:
Christine Maria Kaufmann (born 11 January 1945) is a German actress, author, and businesswoman. The daughter of a German father and a French mother, she won the Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress in 1961, the first German to be so ...honoured. Christine Kaufmann is dubbed as the "most beautiful grandmother in Germany".
Connect any celebrity with Christine Kaufmann to see how closely they are linked... romantically!
I fell in Love with her beauty too, Tony !
Saw her in Taras Bulba recently... I can see why Tony Curtis would have fallen in love with her. Shes a classic beauty with a tremendous amount of class and style.


text: 2/16/08 POPSUGAR Food Guess Who Name That Dish! February 16, 2008 by partysugar 0 Shares Below is one of the desserts that pastry chef Sherry Yard will be making for the Governors Ball. Traditionally they are round or rectangular, but she will be making an Oscar shaped variation. Do you know what this dessert is called? Share this post Name That DishDessertsCookies


text:
Yue ware
Yue ware (Chinese: 越器; pinyin: Yuèqì; also 越州窯) is a type of Chinese ceramics, a felspathic siliceous stoneware, which is characteristically decorated with celadon glazing.[1][2] Yue ware is also sometimes called "green porcelain" (Chinese: 越州青瓷; pinyin: Yuèzhōu qīngcí, or Chinese: 青瓷; pinyin: qīngcí) in modern literature, but the term is misleading as it is not really porcelain and its shades are not really green.[1] It has been "one of the most successful and influential of all south Chinese ceramics types".[2]
Yue ware was fired in "Dragon kilns". The Yue glazing was made with a recipe using wood ash and clay, and possibly small amounts of limestone.[2] Firing temperature is thought to have been about 1,000°C or slightly higher.[2] The color of the glaze ranges from grey to olive to brown. Yue ware is considered as the ancestor of Song celadon ceramics.[1]
Yue ware originated in the Yue kilns of Northern Zhejiang, in the site of Jiyuan near Shaoxing, called in ancient times "Yuezhou" (越州).[1][3] Its name goes back to the Yue (state) of the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BCE).[2] Yue ware was first manufactured in the 2nd century CE, when it consisted of very precise imitations of bronze vessels, many of which have been found in tombs of the Nanjing region.[1] After this initial phase, Yue ware evolved progressively into true ceramic form, and became a medium of artistic expression.[1][2] Production in Jiyuan stopped in the 6th century, but expanded to various areas of Zhejiang, especially around the shores of Shanglinhu in Yuyaoxian.[1][2]
Yue ware was highly valued and was used as tribute for the imperial court of China in the 9th century.[2] Significantly, it was also used in China's most revered Famen Temple in Shaanxi Province.[2] Yue ware was exported to the Middle East early on. In an early example of Chinese influences on Islamic pottery, shards of Yue ware have been excavated in Samarra, Iraq,.[3] From the 8th to the 11th centuries, it was also exported to East Asia, South Asia, and East Africa.[2][4]
A particularly refined form of Yue ware is the Mi-se Yue ware (Chinese: 秘色越器, or Chinese: 秘色青磁, "Secret color Yue ware") found in the Famen shrine and dated to the 9th century. This ware was undecorated but characterized by a smooth and thin glaze of a light color, either yellowish green or bluish green.[2]
By the 11th century, Korean celadon were thought to be influenced by Yue ware, and displayed a bluer glaze through the use of low-iron and low-titania lime glazes, closer to the eutectic ideal. However, the Koreans developed their own bluish-green celadon glazes by Koryo dynasty, that was different from Yue wares.[5]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g The arts of China by Michael Sullivan p.90ff [1]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Chinese glazes: their origins, chemistry, and recreation Nigel Wood p.35ff [2]
- ^ a b Notice of the Metropolitan Museum of Art permanent exhibition.
- ^ Li Zhiyan; Cheng Wen. Chinese pottery and porcelain. p. 195. ISBN 7-119-00752-1.
- ^ Chinese glazes: their origins, chemistry, and recreation by Nigel Wood
External links[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yue ware.
- A Handbook of Chinese Ceramics from The Metropolitan Museum of Art


text: tunamelt416 Play via YouTube OPEN IN APP NSFW Safe Is this playlist safe for work? Ode to Oregon August 05, 2011 | 11 tracks | 222 22 | Stats Lord HuronDevendra BanhartEddie Vedder singer/songwriterfolkrock singer-songwriter Liked Collect Share Edit Liked! Share this mix with friends: Ode to Oregon Wrong video Collect Share Liked! Share this mix with friends:


text:
|Game Title
Hayate: The Battle is set in the same universe and features the characters from Jikū Sōsakan: Hayate.Unlike its predecessor, it...
Windows (2002)
Yusuke Sawada is the type of guy who always sees the glass as half empty and cries a lot. Against...
Windows (1999)
Hentai Anime Poker is a strip poker featuring anime girls rather than digitized pictures. The game is plot-driven and allows...
The protagonist of the game is a college student named Shunsuke. His mother died when he was five years old....
TurboGrafx CD (1994)
Long time ago, the races of humans and fairy creatures co-existed peacefully. But the power of magic corrupted some of...
Hinadori no Saezuri is a simulation game with touches of strategy. The game is set in a pseudo-historical scenery that...
In the beginning of 21th century, technology has evolved in unprecedented ways. But so did crime. Huge corporations, which were...
DVD Player (2007)
Hohoemi wo Mouichido (微笑みをもういちど) also known as Smile Again is an adult romance adventure which originated on PC (Windows) and...
Daisuke's girlfriend Kasumi has asked him to write music for lyrics she's written, and being the upstanding young man he...
Amiga (1987), Atari ST (1987), Commodore 64 (1987), ZX Spectrum (1987) and Commodore 16, Plus/4 (1987)
This strip poker game features 4 women (including a former Miss Germany), each consisting of 5 scanned photos. The game...
Amiga (1989), Atari ST (1989) and Commodore 64 (1989)
Hollywood Poker Pro is a strip poker game and the successor of Hollywood Poker. The poker variant of choice is...
Windows (2009)
Nanao Inuzuka is a young boy who grew up in the Yuunagi Estate, a secluded mansion standing on the shore...
Arcade (1995)
Honey Doll is a puzzle game based on Dharma Dōjō. The objective is to clear the stage of all blocks...
Honey Peach (also known as Meinü Quan) is a very simple rock-paper-scissors game in which the player competes against several...
Windows (2007)
Kazuya is a Japanese teenager whose father moved abroad, selling his house in Japan. Kazuya is supposed to live in...
Windows (2006)
It looks like the life of Tatsuya Tagami has come to a dead end. He lost a job promotion, and...
Windows (2005)
The protagonist of this game is a high school student who dreams about world domination. His idea of achieving that...
Windows (2001) and PlayStation 2 (2002)
Yukito Nogi, a high-school student living by himself in the city, was out walking one night when a strange object...
The sequel to Kōshoku Shikakenin tells us what happened to the brave hero Kazuya after he has overthrown the evil...
In this dark age, human live under the rule of a mighty government that possesses PSYCO - a brain-washing technology...
PC-88 (1991), PC-98 (1991), FM Towns (1992) and Sharp X68000 (1991)
Gengorou Imai is a 19-year old lad who wants to have a simple life, his only passion being young pretty...
PC-98 (1992), FM Towns (1992) and Sharp X68000 (1992)
The second entry in the adult detective/mystery series describes another case in the life of the young amateur detective and...
Critic Score
Top games by as rated by the press:
- 94 The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt
- 94 The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt
- 94 God of War III
- 93 The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt
- 93 God of War II
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- 91 God of War: Collection
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- 90 The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings - Enhanced Edition
- 89 The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings
Games must have at least a Critic Score of 80 to be considered.
Top games as rated by our users:
- 4.71 The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt (2015)
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- 4.29 The Witcher: Enhanced Edition (2008)
- 4.28 The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings - Enhanced Edition (2012)
- 4.27 Edmund (2009)
- 4.26 The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings (2011)
- 4.24 The Cat Lady (2012)
- 4.16 God of War: Collection (2009)
- 4.12 God of War III (2010)
- 4.10 God of War II (2007)
Games must have at least 5 votes and a User Score of 4.0 to be considered.
Narrative Theme/Topic
Adult is part of Narrative Theme/Topic. This group of genres contain:


text:
Anthony's Key Resort
Juan Manuel Galvez International AirportJuan Manuel Gálvez International Airport is an airport located on the island of Roatán. It serves national and international air traffic of the island. Roatan is serviced with weekly non-stop flights from several US gateway cities on American Airlines, Delta Airlines and United Airlines. Airport Code: RTB
Port of Roatan
Mahogany BayThis cruise project has become an important milestone in cruise tourism in Honduras, and more specifically the Bay Islands. The two-berth cruise terminal is capable of accommodating up to two post-Panamax ships simultaneously with over 8,000 passengers. The facility is located in a stunningly beautiful region locally known as Dixon Cove, on the southwest coast of the island of Roatan.
Carl O McNab Sr. Maritime TerminalSafe Way Maritime provides ferry service between the island of Roatan and the port city of La Ceiba. The ferry has been so successful that today it is the most important and cost-effective means of transportation between Roatan and the mainland of Honduras, carrying both passengers and cargo.
Maya KeyThe quintessential Caribbean getaway that offers everything you would expect from a tropical destination and much more! This peaceful 11.5 acre private key conveniently located just three minutes across the bay from the Roatan cruise pier and is the perfect location for cruisers to maximize their short time in Roatan. White sand beaches and crystal clear Caribbean waters can be enjoyed within minutes of arriving in Roatan.
Pristine Bay Resort and Golf ClubThe Black Pearl is Roatan's first and only golf course. This 18-hole, par-72, 7200 yard championship golf course was created by world famous golf course architect Pete Dye. The course starts at the ocean's doorstep, rises into the island's rolling foothills, then takes golfers on a wild ride back to the seaside clubhouse.
Gumbalimba Park & Canopy TourEnjoy a thrilling soar through the treetops of Roatan, Bay Islands, Honduras with Canopy Tour of Gumbalimba Park. Zip from tree to tree high above the lush jungle floor. 13 exciting traverses will take you all the way from the top of Roatan's mountainous backbone to the middle of the beautiful sandy beach of Gumbalimba Park, West Bay.
Herby's Sport's Bar & GrillRoatan's finest sport's bar. 34 HD TV's, 10' screen, Memorabilia museum, Arena style suspended scoreboard, Great food great prices, 2 ocean view patios, live music and so much more!
West Bay Beach
Front PorchDepth: 20' - 100' | Shore dive site.
El Aguila WreckDepth: 20' - 95'
Dolphin DiveDepth: 60'
Spooky ChannelDepth: 20' - 100'
Mary's PlaceDepth: 30' - 130'


text:
Alfonso Marian
Revolving Door
Who's coming and who's going. Tell us about your job move! Receive the Revolving Door Newsletter with expert analysis by email twice a week.
July 26, 2011: Alfonso Marian has been named chief creative officer at OgilvyOne. He had been executive creative director at Shackleton. (AgencySpy)


text:
If you have troubles since the update to WordPress 4.5 please read this post before opening a new thread.
Where can I find the specific code that will let me change the general body font size and color?
You can add something like this on your custom.css
body p {
font-size: 20px;
color: red;
Adjust the values.
Where is the custom.css file located?
The topic 'Change Global Font Size & Color' is closed to new replies.


text:
In the US Senate's final session this week before a long summer recess, Republican Marco Rubio said simply: "I object."
With those two words, he prevented lawmakers from finalizing a federal budget -- the 18th time Republicans have done so this year -- and sent the United States careening toward a possible government shutdown in a few months.
Congress is tasked with hammering out a spending plan before the new fiscal year begins October 1, but the intractable relationship between President Barack Obama's Democrats and rival Republicans has put that and several other major pieces of legislation in jeopardy.
Eight Republican senators met with Obama in the White House Thursday over how to reduce the deficit while ending automatic spending cuts that have forced military drawdowns and government furloughs.
The group is discussing possible changes to entitlement programs like Social Security or Medicare, and addressing options for ending the mandated spending cuts known as sequestration as they search for agreement on a grand bargain.
Senators who attended the meeting did not speak of any breakthrough, however.
Instead, Senate Republicans blocked a transportation and housing funding measure, and the House of Representatives withdrew its version of the same bill when some Republicans balked at the harsh cuts.
To keep the US government working without a broad budget accord, the House and Senate would need to pass a stopgap "continuing resolution," or CR, by the end of next month -- but there will be just nine legislative days to do so after Congress reconvenes on September 9.
The budget is not the only challenge lawmakers will face in the new session.
Immigration reform, an Obama priority that passed the Senate with broad bipartisan support in June, has stalled in the House. A massive farm bill has hit snags too. Battles are raging over whether to end sequestration.
Perhaps most worrisome of all, US borrowing will reach its $16.7 trillion cap in November and many Republicans are itching to extract concessions from the White House -- including defunding the national health care law -- before agreeing to raise the debt ceiling.
"If they think nine days is enough to resolve all the differences... they're very wrong," exasperated House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi said Friday as members fled Washington for their home districts, many apparently unruffled by the threat of a government shutdown.
"An aimless, chaotic, make-matters-worse Congress can not get its act together."
A key sticking point is that House Republicans are keen to set annual spending at $967 billion, while Senate Democrats want $1.058 trillion.
House Speaker John Boehner insisted Congress would have "ample time" to thrash out a CR and avert a shutdown, and he stressed that he had the votes to set spending limits at sequester levels.
"Looking forward, Washington must confront some serious choices that we're going to deal with this fall," Boehner said.
"President Obama and his party in the House and Senate are in denial about Washington's spending problem."
Republicans are in turmoil too, with House Appropriations Committee chairman Hal Rogers issuing a blistering rebuke to his party's leadership.
"The House has declined to proceed on the implementation of the very budget it adopted just three months ago," Rogers wrote, referring to a plan put together by Paul Ryan, last year's failed Republican vice presidential nominee.
"Thus, I believe that the House has made its choice: sequestration - and its unrealistic and ill-conceived discretionary cuts - must be brought to an end."
The White House shares that goal, hoping to restore domestic and military spending to the levels laid out in a 2011 compromise.
Republicans have said they would only agree to that if the savings are shifted to entitlements like Medicare, the public health insurance program for seniors, and to other mandatory spending programs.
As lawmakers hustled down the Capitol steps to head home Friday, some members stood outside arguing the need to hold the line in the face of a looming crisis, if it meant ultimately improving the economy.
"If I can stop this great country from unravelling, then I want to be an obstructionist," said Republican Mike Kelly.
"If I'm going to be held accountable for holding this government accountable, amen."


text:
What could be better and mind-blowing than OnePlus' virtual reality event when it launched the OnePlus 2 last year? Samsung's 360 live streaming! Yes, the Unpacked event happening this February 21 where #TheNextGalaxy will be unveiled will be presented in 360 live streaming for those who cannot be in Barcelona. This is the first ever 360 live streaming to happen not just in the history of the Mobile World Congress but in the world.
So that's what was being teased in the promo video last month. We just thought the Gear VR would only be shown off but apparently, Samsung had another great idea. This 360 live streaming launch is cool. It's the first ever and we'll get to see how powerful it can be. Samsung is really pushing for the VR industry what with all the VR headsets it's been working on, that Gear 360 VR camera, VR games, and now this special event.
You can choose where you want to "sit" in the auditorium--with the audience, center stage, stage left, or stage right. You can be "right there" so you won't miss anything.
Here's how you can watch Samsung's Galaxy Unpacked event from your Gear VR, smartphone, tablet, or computer:
PC. Visit Samsung's website then choose the viewing position you want.
MOBILE. Download the Unpacked 360 View app from the Google Play Store and install. Launch the app once the Unpacked event starts and then choose your viewing position.
GEAR VR. Download the Unpacked 360 View app from the Oculus Store and install. Launch app while wearing your Gear VR headset and then choose one position from the four viewing angles available.
SOURCE: Samsung


text:
Photo Details
Ulyssus Lilbern "Pete" Rudd born June 07, 1922; died March 14, 1993 in Tulsa, Tulsa Co., OK. He was a great father and loving husband.He was a minister for over thirty years. I am looking for any Rudd family members, as I have little information on his family line.
in Oklahoma


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 28, 2011
|Priority date
|Jan 16, 2008
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Atul Goel, Con PHAN, Cheng Tan
|Original Assignee
|Network Appliance, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (20), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (8), Classifications (10), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to evaluating the input/output (I/O) efficiency of hard disk drives within a mass or network file storage computer system, and more specifically to a new and improved apparatus and method which uses I/O completion times of hard disk drives of the computer system and information describing media errors on the disk drives to avoid and eliminate proactively the adverse effects of decreasing I/O command processing performance and bad media patches that are associated with an impaired hard disk drive within the computer system.
Although hard disk drives are usually reliable for use in mass storage computer systems such as in networked file storage computer systems, disk drives are mechanical devices that are susceptible to degradation and failure. When a disk drive fails, the consequences are usually severe and devastating to the data stored on the disk drive. The failure of a disk drive can result in lost data or files that were produced through a significant investment of time and effort. For commercial or enterprise operations which rely upon disk drives to retain irreplaceable customer records, the failure of a disk drive can be catastrophic.
To guard against the failure of individual disk drives, certain mass storage techniques have been developed which make, or make it possible to create, a redundant copy of the original data. In the event the original data is no longer accessible due to an disk drive failure, the data is restored by accessing the redundant copy of data or by creating the redundant copy. Within the realm of the commercial or enterprise operations in which an enormous amount of information is stored on disk, the preferred approach for storing the data on hard disk drives is one of the many different configurations of a redundant array of independent or inexpensive disks (RAID). The redundancy provided by a RAID grouping of and control over the disk drives beneficially allows a system to maintain continuous operation in the event of a disk drive failure.
During the normal operation of the mass storage computer system, data is transferred to and from the hard disk drives over a communication link. A mass storage adapter manages the transfer of data between the hard disk drives and a server computer. Various interface protocols exist to manage the reading and writing of data between the mass storage adapter and the server computer, and such interface protocols include advanced technology attachment (ATA), serial advanced technology attachment (SATA), small computer systems interface (SCSI), fibre channel (FC), and a serial access storage (SAS). Although these various interface protocols are effective, their responses to the server are limited to the detection and response of a failure of the disk drive, and not to the real-time or advance recognition of deteriorating performance in an impaired disk drive which remains partially functional although at a diminished capacity. The interface protocols provide inadequate, if any, real-time warning about a possibility of impending failure of the disk drives.
Although the ability to recover data after a disk drive failure is of tremendous benefit, waiting until the disk drive or some portion of the disk disk drive to fail has disadvantages. Impairment of a disk drive can occur because of the sudden introduction of a particulate contaminant which destroys or impairs the magnetic recording media upon which the data is written, thereby destroying or damaging the data at the location of the contamination. The magnetic recording media of the disk drive is also subject to the gradual magnetic degradation over time, in which case the data written to the magnetic media becomes more difficult to read and write due to the diminished magnetic strength. Flawed mechanical or electrical operation of the disk drive can also cause the data to be written on the magnetic recording media without adequate strength for future I/O use.
In the case of an instantaneous disk drive failure, the failure is recognized quickly by the interface protocol and the server is notified so that no further I/O commands are addressed to that disk drive and so that remedial action can be taken to attempt to recover the data contained on the failed disk drive. In contrast, when the disk drive becomes impaired through the gradual degradation of its components, the efficiency of executing I/O commands decreases slowly and the computer continues to address I/O commands to the inefficiently operating disk. Until the adversely affected disk or disk portion degrades to the point of failure, the overall performance of the mass storage computer system continues to degrade with the disk drive. The decreasing efficiency resulting from the continued degradation of the disk drive remains undetected because the interface protocol usually recognizes only disk drive failures.
The inefficient execution of I/O commands can adversely affect the performance and operation of the computer system in a number of ways. Inefficient I/O command execution slows the data throughput and overall efficiency of the mass storage computer system. If the inefficient execution of the I/O commands becomes substantial, an application timeout called by, for example a program or an operating system, may occur. An application timeout is the maximum amount of time established for execution of the particular application. The application timeout is set to indirectly recognize hardware or equipment failures or problems with software execution such as program hangs. Upon an application timeout, it is necessary to restart or reboot the entire computer system, which can become a very time consumptive and intricate task during which no mass storage data operations occur.
The present invention monitors and evaluates on a continuous basis the occurrence of media errors and input/output (I/O) efficiency of hard disk drives within a mass or network file storage computer system, independent of and without reliance upon any communication bus or interface protocol. The evaluation from the present invention supplies accurate and useful information concerning the performance and impending failure of hard disk drives of a storage computer system, before the time that the hard disk drive actually experiences failure, or becomes substantially impaired, or before execution of applications which might invoke inefficiency-promoting application timeouts due to excessive times required to perform I/O commands. The occurrence of media errors and the I/O efficiency are used to remedy bad media patches before the bad media patches degenerate further to cause increasingly poor disk drive performance or failure.
In accordance with these and other features, a main aspect of the invention involves a method to evaluate input/output (I/O) performance of a hard disk drive in a mass storage computer system. The hard disk drive has multiple tracks and multiple sectors in each track. The method involves addressing I/O commands to the sectors, evaluating the execution of the I/O commands to the sectors to obtain performance information for the sectors to which the I/O commands are addressed, associating the performance information with the sectors to which the I/O commands are addressed, comparing the performance information to a predetermined I/O performance criterion, and identifying any impaired sectors in which the performance information indicates less than the predetermined I/O performance criterion.
More detailed aspects of the invention involve dispatching supplemental I/O commands to sectors adjacent to the impaired sectors, evaluating the execution of the supplemental I/O commands to the adjacent sectors to obtain performance information for the adjacent sectors, associating the performance information with the adjacent sectors to which the supplemental I/O commands are addressed, comparing the performance information for the adjacent sectors to a predetermined I/O performance criterion, and identifying further impaired adjacent sectors for which the performance information indicates less than the predetermined I/O performance criterion. The predetermined I/O performance criterion may be established by measuring a time required to complete each I/O command, the measured time constituting an I/O completion time, and establishing the predetermined I/O performance criterion from the I/O completion time.
Further detailed aspects of the invention involve maintaining efficiency and executing I/O commands by identifying a bad patch of sectors formed by the impaired and further impaired sectors and addressing I/O commands to sectors other than the bad patch of sectors; or by avoiding addressing I/O commands to any impaired sectors; or by retiring the hard disk drive from further use when the impaired sectors and further impaired sectors occupy a substantial predetermined portion of the hard disk drive; or by storing the I/O completion times for the impaired sectors in a data table, determining a range of sectors addressed by each I/O command, accessing the data table of the stored I/O completion times to obtain the I/O completion times for the range of sectors addressed by the I/O command, predicting a completion time of the I/O command using the I/O completion times obtained from the data table, dispatching the I/O command to the hard disk drive when the predicted completion time is not greater than a predetermined application timeout, and if the predicted completion time is greater than the predetermined application timeout, servicing the I/O command through an alternate process, such as by reconstruction of the hard disk through a redundant array of independent disks or by the use of a dirty region log.
A more complete appreciation of the present invention and its scope, and the manner in which it achieves the above and other improvements, can be obtained by reference to the following detailed description of presently preferred embodiments taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, which are briefly summarized below, and the appended claims.
Degradation in performance of a disk drive may result from a variety of causes and effects. As the degradation in the performance of a disk drive occurs, the present invention recognizes deficiencies occurring with respect to a hard disk drive as a whole, and even more specifically with respect to specific tracks and sectors of a hard disk drive. Remedial measures are taken to assure that the degradation in performance of a hard disk drive does not inhibit the short term I/O data transfer efficiency or the long term functionality of a network file storage computer system possessing a hard disk drive with degrading performance. The present invention involves an improvement in determining, monitoring and analyzing the amount of time required to complete I/O commands on a hard disk drive, and determining, monitoring and analyzing the capability of individual data sectors and groups of continuous and adjoining data sectors known as "patches" on a hard disk drive to reliably read and write data. The present invention is preferably implemented by instructional code or firmware which is a part of a mass storage operating system and which is executed by the components of the network file storage computer system.
The invention is preferably implemented in a network file storage computer system 20 as basically shown in
The server 22 includes a conventional central processing unit (CPU) or processor 30 and a conventional system memory 32. The system memory 32 contains instructional code or firmware to supply the functionality of the server 22. Some of the code stored in the system memory 32 forms a mass storage operating system (MSOS) 34 which causes the processor 30 to perform the I/O operations and commands between the server 22, the clients 24 and the hard disk drives 26, and to respond to I/O requests from the clients 24, and to perform data management functions on the hard disk drives 26, among other things. In addition to storing the code for the MSOS 34, the system memory 32 also stores the instructional code or firmware which the processor 30 uses to execute the conventional bus communication protocol by which to communicate data and commands between the server 22, the clients 24 and the hard disk drives 26. The code for the bus communication protocol may be separate from or included within the MSOS 34. An example of a MSOS is Data ONTAP�, which is available from Network Appliance, Inc. of Sunnyvale, Calif., the assignee of the present invention. The main memory 32 is available for use to hold other programs, instructions and the results of data processing calculations performed by the processor 30. The processor 30 accesses the program code stored within the system memory 32 through a server system bus 36.
A conventional mass storage adapter 38 is connected to a data bus 39, and the mass storage adapter 38 receives the I/O and other mass data storage commands from the server 22. In response, the mass storage adapter 38 causes the disk drives 26 to act and respond accordingly, either by executing a read command in which data previously written or stored on the hard disk drives 26 is read and supplied to the server 22 or the clients 24, or by executing a write command in which data is written or stored on the hard disk drives 26, or other typical mass storage I/O operations.
The group of relatively inexpensive nonvolatile mass storage disk drives 26 are connected by a separate bus 40 to the mass storage adapter 38. Each disk drive 26 includes a controller 42 which causes the disk drive 26 to perform in accordance with normal hard disk drive functionality and to perform I/O commands delivered to it by the mass storage adapter 38.
The mass storage adapter 38, the group of disk drives 26, their controllers 42, and the interconnection bus 40 form a conventional redundant array of inexpensive or independent disks (RAID) mass storage system. The mass storage adapter 38 contains the necessary independent functionality to perform typical RAID mass storage functions in conjunction with the other components of the typical server. Substantial and well-known benefits of redundancy for data stored on the hard disk drives 26 against corruption and loss is achieved by organizing and controlling the disk drives 26 as a RAID group. The mass storage adapter 38 contains its own processor (not specifically shown) to respond to the I/O commands generated by the MSOS 34 and to initiate its own other data management functions to be executed by the hard disk drives 26.
The present invention involves an improvement in determining, monitoring and analyzing the amount of time required to complete I/O commands on each of the hard disk drives 26, and determining, monitoring and analyzing the capability of individual data sectors and groups of continuous and adjoining data sectors known as "patches" on each hard disk drive 26 to reliably read and write data. A data sector is the smallest unit of data that can be accessed by a hard disk drive 26. I/O command completion times are collected and compared to a predetermined acceptable performance threshold which has been previously established. The comparison between the actual amount of time required to complete I/O commands and the predetermined acceptable performance levels are thereafter used to identify and characterize the capability and performance of the data sectors and the hard disk drive 26 as a whole with respect to its ability to read and write data. The characterization avoids in real-time use many of the typical I/O irregularities that befall hard disk drives 26 in a network file storage computer system, and instead avoid the problems caused by such I/O irregularities and thereby sustain a more consistent and higher data throughput and I/O performance. In addition, the present invention offers the capability of predicting future I/O command completion times, which allows alternative I/O actions and commands to be executed under circumstances where an application timeout and the necessity to restart the entire network file storage computer system could otherwise occur. Further still, the present invention offers the capability of assessing the integrity of the data previously written to the disk media of the hard disk drives. Many other desirable benefits also result from the present invention.
The present invention recognizes the degradation in performance of a hard disk drive 26 in real-time before the degraded performance creates serious problems for the entire network file storage computer system. The functional aspects of a conventional hard disk drive 26 which could lead to degraded performance are better understood by reference to the basic characteristics of a hard disk drive 26, shown in
A conventional hard disk drive 26 includes a platter 50 which has smooth upper and lower circular surfaces upon which a magnetic coating or recording medium 54 is attached. Each disk drive 26 includes at least one, and typically more, of the platters 50. Characters are magnetically induced or recorded in concentric circular tracks 52 in the magnetic recording surface 54. The concentric tracks 52 extend from an inner diameter position of the magnetic recording surface 54 to an outer diameter track, and the tracks 52 are very close together. Typically, there at least thousands or tens of thousands of the tracks 52 on each platter 50. Each track is identified by a track number which is established by a code of magnetic characters recorded in each track 52.
Each track 52 is divided into a number of sectors 56. Each sector 56 is the smallest unit of data that can be accessed by the disk drive. Typically each sector 56 contains at least 512 bytes of data. The sectors 56 of each track 52 are further identified by a code of magnetic characters recorded in each sector. In addition to the number identification of the sector 56 in each track, the magnetic characters associated with each character define the beginning and ending points of that sector. Thus, by use of the track number and the sector number, each unit of data recorded on the magnetic recording surface 54 can be located and accessed for reading or writing. Although only a few tracks 52 and sectors 56 are shown in
A head 60 floats on a cushion of air above each magnetic recording surface 54 and senses electrical signal transitions induced by the movement of the magnetic characters beneath the head 60, when the platter 50 rotates as a result of a spindle motor 62 rotating the platter 50. In this manner, data is read from the sectors 56 and is supplied as electrical signals. The head 60 also has the capability of inducing the magnetic characters in each track in response to electrical signals supplied to the head 60. In this manner, data is written to the sectors 56. The head 60 is connected to an arm 64, and the arm 64 is moved by a voice coil motor 66 to precisely align the head 60 above the tracks 52. Precise alignment is established in part by the head 60 reading the track numbers. The data at a particular sector 56 is identified by reading the sector number as the sectors of the track pass beneath the head 60 the platter 50 rotates. Although not shown in
Degradation in performance of the disk drive 26 may result from a variety of causes and effects, such as those that occur through media, head, and particle events. The natural magnetic strength of the characters recorded in the magnetic recording surface 54 may degrade or erode with time, principally as a result of natural loss of magnetism of the recording surface 54. The area or patch of the recording surface 54 with diminished magnetic strength may grow with time, because of the magnetic recording surface 54 may exhibit defect growth symptoms. The characters may not be initially written with sufficient magnetic strength to provide reliable signal transitions when read by the head 56. Generally speaking, inadequate magnetic character strength results from the head 60 momentarily flying or floating too high above the magnetic recording surface 54, usually as a result of a shock force applied to the entire hard disk drive. When the head 60 is too high above the magnetic recording surface 54, the magnetic effects of the head 60 are not strong enough to impart adequate magnetic strength for the characters, since the magnetic strength imparted is directly related to the distance between the head 60 and the magnetic recording surface 54. A small particle of dust or other contaminant may contact the magnetic recording surface 54 or lodge between the head 60 and the magnetic recording surface 54. Such a particle contaminant may damage sectors 56 of the tracks which it contacts, or may physically impair the track or create sufficient heat through friction to the point where the magnetic material which defines the characters is physically altered. A scratch on the sectors 56 will destroy the magnetic characters in those sectors. The small contaminant particle may also elevate the head 60 above the magnetic recording surface 54.
Usually the interface to each hard disk drive 26 and/or the mass storage adapter 38 associated with the disk drive 26 (
The present invention recognizes deficiencies occurring with respect to each of the hard disk drives 26 as a whole, and even more specifically with respect to specific tracks 52 and sectors 56 on each of the platters 50 of each hard disk drive 26 (
The present invention is preferably implemented by instructional code or firmware which is a part of the MSOS 34 and which is executed by the components of the network file storage computer system 20 (
The RAID layer 70 manages reading and writing the data on the hard disk drives 26 in accordance with the conventional RAID protocols and conventional RAID functionality. The RAID layer 70 invokes conventional RAID I/O processing utility 72 for executing the RAID protocols, including delivering I/O commands to the mass storage adapters 38 which control the hard disk drives 26, and providing redundancy through the ability to reconstruct lost or corrupted data in a wide variety of different circumstances. Part of the conventional RAID protocol includes a conventional hard disk drive data sector scrubbing utility 74. The scrub utility 74 scrubs the sectors of the hard disk drives to identify and confirm sectors and patches which present undesirable performance characteristics. During a data scrub operation, data is read from the sectors of the hard disk drives 26 to determine which sectors and patches have excessive I/O completion times or media errors.
Other than its interaction with the data scrub utility 74, the present invention is primarily incorporated within a new or enhanced storage layer 80 of the MSOS 34. The instructional code of the storage layer 80 invokes a storage driver utility 82 which receives the I/O commands generated from the RAID I/O processing utility 72 and which transmits those I/O commands to the mass storage adapters 38 (
The I/O completion time or response time characterizes disk drive performance by measuring the actual time required for the disk drive head to read or write data over known sectors. Alternatively, the I/O completion time is used to calculate a sequential bandwidth of data transfer which characterizes disk drive performance by measuring the amount of data which can be read during a predetermined time period. Sequential bandwidth is important in determining the performance of disks that store large files, such as video files, in which large amounts of data are sequentially read from the disk and it is desirable to read this data as rapidly as possible.
The I/O completion time derived by the I/O completion time monitor utility 84, as well as other information to the extent described below, is stored in an I/O performance table 86. Information stored in the table 86 is available to assess and predict the functional performance and condition of each of the sectors 56 of each hard drive 26 within the network file storage computer system 20 (
The data stored in the table 86 allows comparisons between past and present results from which trends in disk performance can be detected and predicted. To conserve the memory consumed by the table 86, data is only stored for those I/O completion times and sectors which indicate diminished performance. The I/O performance table 86 is updated to remove information which is no longer applicable or will not be of use in the future, as which occurs if a disk drive is repaired or replaced or if sectors or media patches having diminished performance have been corrected, for example.
The table 86 shown in
The instructional code of the storage layer 82 also invokes a disk drive performance monitor utility 88 to evaluate and monitor the operating conditions of each of the hard disks 26. The performance monitor utility 88 responds to the information stored within the table 86. The disk drive performance monitor utility 88 evaluates and monitors various different performance characteristics of each disk drive.
The performance monitor utility 88 assesses the efficiency of each disk drive by calculating an average I/O completion time for the disk drive and/or by determining the sequential bandwidth of the disk drive. If either of these values falls below a predetermined threshold, a compromised or degrading disk drive is indicated. When the overall efficiency of an impaired disk falls below a given threshold, the performance monitor utility 88 may instruct the RAID I/O processing utility 72 to transfer data from the impaired disk drive to a different disk drive, or may transfer data from an impaired sector or patch to an unimpaired sector or patch or to a different disk drive.
The performance monitor utility 88 also includes a capability to calculate or identify improperly functioning sectors and patches of sectors on the recording media of each disk of each disk drive. Based on lengthy or excessive I/O completion times stored in the table 86, the performance monitor utility 88 invokes the scrub utility 74 of the RAID layer 70. The scrub utility 74 performs read commands on the identified media patches containing sectors with lengthy or excessive I/O completion times. The results of the read commands used during scrubbing identify those sectors which are likely to have a degraded or impaired magnetic surface, thereby making the data on individual sectors and patches unreliable for reading or writing. The impaired sectors and ranges of sectors which form a patch are identified and stored within the table 86. The performance monitor utility 88 uses information which describes the impaired sectors and patches in those calculations and estimations which indicate the performance of each of the disk drives as a whole as well as the performance of each disk drive relative to a range of sectors.
The performance monitor utility 88 also estimates the time required for a proposed I/O command to be completed, by considering the I/O completion times and the sectors of the disk drives with which the I/O command will interact with to complete the I/O command. The I/O completion times and the sector information are obtained from the table 86. The estimation typically occurs during execution of an application program which originated the I/O command. Based upon the estimated I/O completion time, the performance monitor utility 88 evaluates whether the execution of the proposed I/O command will result in an application timeout. An application timeout is that maximum amount of time provided to execute an I/O command or a part of an application. If the application timeout is exceeded, it is assumed that a operational difficulty has arisen, such as a application hang or hardware problem, and thereafter the entire computer system is rebooted. Estimating the I/O completion times avoids the execution of I/O commands that could lead to an application timeout, and thereby avoids the considerable inefficiency associated with restarting the entire computer system. If such a situation arises, then the disk is momentarily offlined and the I/O command executed through the other drives in the RAID configuration. After servicing the I/O command by offlining the disk, the disk is returned online and used for serving other I/O commands.
The table 86 is preferably organized as a database which allows each of its contents to be specifically indexed and searched. An example of the table 86 is shown in
The process flows in executing the functions of the storage driver utility 82, the I/O completion time monitor utility 84 and the drive performance monitor utility 88, and their interaction with the table 86, is illustrated by the flowcharts shown in
An I/O response is processed by the flow 110 shown in
Since there are multiple hardware components along the path that the I/O command is communicated (see
Almost all modern disk drives use native command queuing (NCQ), which allows them to accept multiple I/O command requests which can then be reordered and serviced in the most efficient manner. Under such circumstances, the above formula cannot be used. However, since a disk drive with NCQ can only process a single command at any time, the completion time (c_t) for an I/O command can be calculated as the difference between the time at which the data transfer for the given I/O command completed (txfr_c) and the time at which the last transfer completed (txfr_c_last). Thus, the time to complete an I/O command is calculated as c_t=txfr_c−txfr_c_last−head_positioning_time. This second approach to calculating the I/O completion time is performed by the I/O completion time monitor utility 84 (
After the measurement of the I/O completion time at 114, whether an error was detected which prevented a successful reply in response to the I/O command is determined at 116. When a successful reply is obtained because an error did not occur, a further determination at 118 is made as to whether the successful reply resulted from a scrub command delivered from the scrub utility 74 (
During the execution of multiple write commands in some system environments, one of the write commands may experience a high latency as indicated by its failure to meet the predetermined acceptable performance threshold. In this situation, the storage driver utility 82 receives from the relevant disk drive 26 a list of sectors which were previously accessed within a short time period, such as a few seconds, prior to the high latency write command. From the list of sectors, the storage driver utility 82 determines whether a background write command was processed just before the high latency write command. When a background write command precedes the high latency write command, the possibility exists that only one or both of the write commands are associated with bad sectors or patches. Due to the uncertainty of the situation, the sectors and times associated with both the background write command and the high latency write command are updated within the table 86.
After updating the table 86 (
After updating the I/O performance table at 122, a return response to the RAID layer 70 (
If a successful reply is not obtained at 116 because of the occurrence of an error, a determination is made at 126 of whether a media error was reported in response to the I/O command. A media error may occur from a defect of the magnetic coating 54 (
When an error is detected at 116 and subsequently determined not to be a media error at 126 as evidenced by no report of a media error, a non-media error is present and these other types of errors are processed at 130. Such non-media errors may involve, for instance, a timeout or hard disk failure. In the case of a timeout, the timeout error processed at 130 involves re-sending the I/O command to the hard disk. Alternatively, the failure error processed at 130 involves reconstructing the contents of the failed hard disk onto a new disk drive.
The process flow 128 for computing the extent of a bad or impaired patch of sectors is shown in greater detail in
The I/O performance threshold used in the determination at 136 is dependent upon the expected or optimal I/O command completion time and is based upon the typical latency to access an I/O command. This value may be an average value of the I/O command completion times for all sectors of the disk drive, which is established for the hard disk drive at the time that it is tested or burned in before initial use, or the value may be established by testing after the hard drive has been in use.
A negative determination at 136, in view of the negative determination 134, indicates the range of sectors (also known as a logical block address or LBA) encompassed by the I/O command is not impaired as indicated at 138. The next range of sectors is selected at 133 and the process flow 128 reinitiated. The process flow continues in the path through 133, 134, 136 and 138 using the next range of sectors selected at 133 until an affirmative determination occurs at 134.
An affirmative determination at 134 occurs if a media error is encountered within the range of sectors encompassed by the I/O command. An affirmative determination at 136 occurs when the I/O completion time exceeds the I/O performance threshold. After either affirmative determination at 134 or 136, the extent of the bad media patch which is causing the media error or inefficient I/O completion time is computed through further determinations which analyze the state of nearby sectors and tracks as discussed below.
A determination is made at 140 of whether other media errors have been previously reported for sector ranges adjacent to the sector range encompassed by the I/O command analyzed at 134 or 136. If other media errors have been reported for the adjacent sector ranges, the determination at 140 further determines whether the adjacent sector ranges affected are large enough to cover any of the tracks adjacent to the range of sectors of the I/O command. Different numbering techniques exist for numbering sectors within different types of disk drives, and some numbering techniques sequentially number sectors that reside on different platters within the disk drive. Thus, when determining whether the sector range is large enough to cover any of the tracks adjacent to the range of sectors of the I/O command, for some disk drives the sector range for two sectors which physically reside on adjacent tracks may encompass 20 MB or more of data to account for the platter numbering technique. The amount of data encompassed by the sector range must also account for the disk drive density or capacity, as a sector range on a higher density disk drive which covers more than one platter will necessarily encompass a larger amount of data.
In addition to different disk numbering techniques, alternate disk classification techniques may also exist, such as the one which divides each platter into zones. In any case, the identification of the adjacent sector ranges is conducted according to the specifics and in accordance with the disk classification technique.
The determination at 140 similarly determines whether large I/O completion times have been previously reported for sector ranges adjacent to the sector range encompassed by the I/O command analyzed at 134 or 136. If large I/O completion times have been previously reported for the adjacent sector ranges, the determination at 140 determines whether the adjacent sector ranges affected are large enough to cover any of the tracks adjacent to the range of sectors of the I/O command.
If other media errors or large I/O completion times for adjacent sector ranges are not extensive and they do not cover or affect tracks adjacent to the range of sectors of the I/O command, the determination at 140 is negative. Upon the negative determination at 140, a determination at 142 establishes whether or not the table 86 (
The determination at 142 is negative when the table 86 (
After the dispatch of dummy read I/O commands at 144, the amount of data available to compute the bad patch range is again determined by looping to the determinations at 140 and, if necessary upon a negative determination at 140, to the determination at 142. The looping involving the determinations at 140 and 142 and the obtaining of additional data at 144 is continued until one of the determinations 140 or 142 is affirmative. When either of the determinations at 140 or 142 is affirmative, sufficient information exists regarding the sectors and the tracks surrounding the range of sectors encompassed by the original I/O command to estimate the range of the bad or impaired patch at 146.
The estimation of the bad patch range at 146 allows the source of the media error, such as a high-fly write or particulate contaminant, to be determined based upon the outline or pattern of the bad patch range. In addition, the range of sectors which must be scrubbed is also identified at 146. To ensure accuracy in determining the range of sectors of the bad patch and the source of the media error, other adjacent sectors are identified to be scrubbed. The sectors identified for future scrubbing are added to the list of sector ranges which must be scrubbed at 148, and the state or extent of the bad patch range is also designated at 148. Determining the sectors ranges of the bad patch is an iterative process which repeats the process 128 until scrubbing the sectors does not lead to the detection of further media errors at 134 or the detection of excessive I/O completion times at 136.
Having explained how I/O completion times are obtained and how impaired sectors and ranges of sectors on individual and adjacent tracks are determined, and the resulting information populated into the I/O performance table 86 (
The process flow 150 is initiated at 152 and is followed by the computation of a performance evaluation values at 154. These performance evaluation values characterize the performance of the hard disk drive. The performance evaluation values computed at 154 include the average I/O response completion time and the average bandwidth. The average I/O response time is the average of the I/O command completion times for a substantial number of sectors over a significant portion of the hard disk drive disk. The average bandwidth is the average data throughput or bandwidth for I/O commands executed over a sufficient number of sector ranges over a significant portion of the hard disk drive. The greater the number of sector ranges used in the calculation, the greater the accuracy of the performance values. The average I/O response time and the average bandwidth performance values are stored in the table 86 (
A determination at 156 assesses whether the performance evaluation value calculated at 154 and populated in the table 86 (
An affirmative determination at 156 occurs when the calculated performance evaluation value is equal to or greater than the performance threshold value. In this case, the performance is acceptable and the state of the hard disk drive is designated through the use of a variable as "good" at 158. If the calculated performance evaluation value is less than the performance threshold value, the determination at 156 is negative and a further determination is made at 160. The determination at 160 is whether the decreased performance is localized to a range of sectors (or LBA). The determination at 160 is made using the data contained within table 86 (
If the determination at 160 is negative, the decreased performance of the hard disk drive is not confined to a localized range of sectors, thereby implying that the decreased performance is extensive. Under these circumstances either during the actual use of the disk drive or during the quality control testing of the disk drive during the manufacturing process, the disk drive is declared impaired and is immediately taken out of service for repair or replacement at 164. When an impaired disk drive is retired, taken out of service or offlined, it is possible to reconstruct the data contained on an impaired disk drive, provided that such an action does not lower the redundancy level of the RAID group to below 0. For example, RAID-4 or RAID-5 can reconstruct the data provided all other drives are in good condition. With RAID-DP, the data can be reconstructed even if another drive is missing or impaired. The ability to reconstruct the data contained on one disk drive in the RAID group is one of the significant redundancy benefits of a RAID configuration.
Accordingly, after the impaired disk drive is replaced by another adequately functioning disk drive, the RAID layer 70 (
The use of the information in the table 86 (
The process flow 166 is initiated at 168 and is followed by a determination at 170 of whether the range of sectors encompassed by the I/O command falls within a bad patch. The impaired sectors typically result from media errors or from inefficient I/O completion times. When the I/O command is intended to address sectors within the bad patch, the determination at 170 is affirmative. At 172, it is next determined whether a media error exists within the range of sectors of the I/O command. If the range of sectors of the I/O command includes a media error, a media error is reported at 174. The media error reported at 174 causes the RAID layer 70 (
If the determination at 172 indicates that the absence of media errors within the range of sectors of the I/O command, thereby indicating that the I/O command should execute properly, the estimated I/O completion time is computed at 176. The computation at 176 is a weighted average involving both the I/O completion times of the track or tracks which contain the patch of impaired sectors detected at the determination at 170 and the I/O completion times of the remaining sectors associated with the I/O command that reside on tracks that are adjacent to the tracks containing the impaired sectors. The computation gives greater weight to the I/O completion times of the track or tracks having the impaired sectors, while giving lesser emphasis to the sectors on the adjacent tracks. The I/O completion times for the calculation used in the weighted average computation are obtained from the table 86 (
In the event the range of sectors addressed by the I/O command does not fall within a bad patch, as determined at 170, a subsequent determination is made at 178 of whether sector ranges nearby those addressed by the I/O command have previously experienced inefficient I/O completion times. These nearby sectors can adversely affect the response time of the I/O command when they reside upon the same track as the sectors associated with the I/O command. When the sectors associated with the I/O command are read, nearby sectors on the same track of the sectors associated with the I/O command are also read. If these nearby sectors have lengthy I/O completion times, then an increase in the I/O completion time of the I/O command can occur.
The determination at 178 determines whether any I/O completion times stored in the table 86 (
Upon either a negative determination at 178 or 180, the estimated I/O completion time is taken as the default value or the normal amount of time to complete the I/O command, as established at 184. Such a time is typically on the order of 3 to 15 milliseconds. A negative determination at 178 occurs when the table 86 (
The estimated time information derived at 182 and 184 is used when executing a process flow 186, shown in
The process flow 186 is initiated at 188 and followed by a determination at 190 of whether the I/O command is a scrub I/O command. An I/O command issued for data storage will result in a negative determination at 190. Thereafter, at 192, the amount of time required to complete the I/O command is estimated at 192. Estimating the I/O completion time at 192 is established using the process flow 166 (
If the time estimated to complete the I/O command does not exceed the timeout threshold as determined at 194, the I/O command is dispatched to the hard disk drive at 196. Similarly, if the I/O command is a scrub command, as determined at 190, the scrub command is dispatched to the disk drive at 196. If the determination at 194 is negative, a determination is made at 198 whether it is possible to offline the disk drive through the RAID layer 70 (
The present invention involves the collection of data which allows the I/O performance of the hard disk drive to be monitored. Through the collection of data involving the occurrence of media errors and I/O completion times, the performance of the hard disk drive is proactively managed and preventive measures taken before the failure of the hard disk drive or any other undesirable action occurs. The data collected allows the times of I/O completion commands to be estimated and potentially lengthy I/O commands to be processed by temporarily offlining the drive prior to the undesirable calling of an application timeout. The data collected also allows the I/O performance of a hard disk drive to be evaluated, either during the actual use of the disk drive or during the manufacturer's quality control testing of hard disk drive. During the actual use of a hard disk drive, a hard disk drive with dispersed areas of inefficiently operating sectors or patches is retired prior to the entire drive ultimately failing.
The significance of these and other improvements and advantages will become apparent upon gaining a full appreciation of the ramifications and improvements of the present invention. A preferred embodiment of the invention and many of its improvements have been described with a degree of particularity. The description is of a preferred example of implementing the invention, and the detailed description is not necessarily intended to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the following claims.
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