text:
Ratings based on 615 Verified Reviews
They paid and stayed. We double-checked.
4.5 Room cleanliness
4.4 Service & staff
4.5 Room comfort
4.4 Hotel condition
Expedia Verified ReviewsThey paid and stayed. We double-checked.
by A verified traveller fromNJ
Beautiful condo/hotel with amazing viewsPosted 18-Jul-2016
The unit was spacious, very clean and had amazing views of the a Gulf of Mexico.
by Benjamin fromUetendorf
ideales Familienhotel direkt am StrandPosted 16-Apr-2016 on Hotels
Das Hotel liegt direkt am Strand. Grosses Appartement mit 2 Schlafzimmer und zwei Badezimmmer, ideal wenn man mit 2 älteren Kids unterwegs ist. Keine Möglichkeit zum Essen im Hotel, aber rundherum hat es genügend Restaurants. Der Balkon mit Blick aufs Meer hat uns besonders gefallen.
by charles
Posted 10-Feb-2016 on Hotels
by A verified traveller fromMassachusetts
Nice condo on the beach!Posted 7-Feb-2016
Pros: The condo had everything we needed for a relaxing week at the beach.
Cons: The location of the safe in our unit! It was screwed to the floor at the center of two sliding doors in the closet. Very difficult to open!
Location: Unfortunately we didn't find lots to do in the area. Caddy's on the Beach and Sloppy Joe's at the Ballmore both had live entertainment and good food.
The condo is centrally located, spacious, and on the beach! We took advantage of the in-unit washer and dryer and dishwasher, which we didn't have at our next location. Enjoyed the balcony overlooking the beach and the sidewalk that runs between the beach and the hotels on Gulf Blvd. Folks were walking or riding bikes along the sidewalk at all times of the day and evening.
by A verified traveller fromYork,PA
Nice condoPosted 3-Feb-2016
Pros: The space in the condo is much better than in a hotel room. It had a large balcony and full sized kitchen.
Cons: The ice machine in the fridge wasn't making ice. The air conditioner was loud.
Location: It is in a great location within walking distance of The Middle Ground Grill and the Waffle House. The beach walking path is right there.
Having stayed in Treasure Island many times before this was the first time at South Beach Condos. I had lots of questions before arriving and Karen and Crystal were both very helpful. Thanks Karen for going that extra step making sure I got an upper floor. The condo was just as the pictures represented. Everything was in working order, except for the ice machine in the refrigerator, it wasn't making ice. We just went down the road to the Publix and bought a bag. Unfortunately for us the entire time we were there it was raining. They had a ping pong table which we used. We drove down to The Ringling Museum and had an enjoyable day touring the attractions. It was nice to be able to relax on the nice leather couch in the condo and listen to the waves crashing on the shoreline.
by A verified traveller
Great HotelPosted 25-Jan-2016 on Hotels
This is a great Hotel to stay at. The rooms are clean and roomy, they also have balconies that you can set on and watch the sunset. The grounds and pool are kept neat and clean with the beach being close by. The employees at the front desk are cheerful and very helpful. I would and will stay here again.
by Roger fromSchweiz
Tolles HotelPosted 22-Jan-2016 on Hotels
Sehr schön gestaltetes Hotel. Sehr freundlich und riesige Zimmer mit Küche. Schön am Strand gelegen und Hammer Aussicht ab dem 1.Stockwerk
by A verified traveller
Fint läge vid strandenPosted 12-Jan-2016 on Hotels
Vi bodde på hotellet i fem nätter. Hyrde lägenhet med ett sovrum. Barnen (6 och 8 år) sov i bra bäddsoffa i allrummet. Fullt utrustat kök och helt ok badrum. Vacker utsikt mot närliggande strand och hav. Uppvärmd pool. Receptionen var endast bemannad dagtid men personalen var väldigt trevlig och hjälpte oss att boka delfintur. Fanns ett journummer att ringa dygnet runt. Vid några tillfällen blev vi störda av utryckningsfordon kvälls/nattetid men i övrigt märkte man inte av trafiken. Kan absolut rekommendera detta hotell.
by A verified traveller fromNorth TX
Wonderful condo with great view.Posted 6-Jan-2016
Full kitchen w/ dishwasher plenty of dishes for us. Very clean, comfy master down the hall from kitchen and living area. Pullout queen bed in living area. Open kitchen to living area and faces the ocean. Full size w/d which is quite convenient for a family. Nice balcony with plenty of chairs and 2 tables. Awesome view from our balcony. 1/4 mile back from the beach due to protected dunes, convenient paths to the beach. Nice pool area. Conveniently located within walking distance to nice restaurants & bars & grocers. We will be back!
by John
Posted 3-Jan-2016 on Hotels


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 10, 2002
|Filing date
|Nov 1, 2000
|Priority date
|Nov 1, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Dimitri Bevc, Ovidiu Feodorov, Biondo Biondi, Alexander M. Popovici
|Original Assignee
|3Dgeo Development, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (14), Classifications (4), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is based on U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/162,985, filed Nov. 1, 1999, herein incorporated by reference.
This disclosure contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner, 3DGeo Development Inc., has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records of any country, but otherwise reserves all rights whatsoever.
3DGeo and INSP are trademarks of 3DGeo Development, Inc. Sun and Java are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Other products and services are trademarks of their respective owners.
This invention relates to geophysical data processing, communication over wide area networks and graphical user interfaces, and in particular to systems and methods providing remote access and automated dialog-building for geophysical data processing applications.
Computer-intensive processing of reflection seismic data is the main tool for imaging the Earth's subsurface to identify hydrocarbon reservoirs and determine rock and fluid properties. Seismic data is recorded at the earth's surface or in wells, and an accurate model of the underlying geologic structure is constructed by processing the data. In the past decade, 3-D seismic processing has shown far superior cost-effectiveness than conventional 2-D seismic processing. However, the reconstruction of accurate 3-D images of the subsurface requires the handling of a huge amount of seismic data (on the order of terabytes for a single modern marine 3-D survey) and the application of computer-intensive imaging algorithms. Even today, only large-scale parallel computers can image modern marine surveys with the most sophisticated algorithms within a useful turn-around time. Indeed, the use of large-scale parallel computers for seismic processing has achieved such technical and economical success that the geophysical market accounts for the largest commercial market for scientific high-performance computing.
Unfortunately, many exploration organizations have no direct access to high-end seismic imaging technologies because they lack the resources to acquire and maintain the necessary hardware and software. The cost of the required computing and data-storage facilities is still quite high, although it keeps going down. However, in perspective, even more problematic is the large investment in application development and system maintenance that the effective use of these computational facilities requires. These costs are not decreasing, they are actually increasing with the level of complexity and sophistication of the imaging applications. Many existing commercial packages are targeted to run effectively on workstations, not on large parallel systems, and thus are ineffective for the high-end applications. As a result, only the central processing departments of large oil companies (e.g. Exxon-Mobil, Shell, BP-Amoco) can afford to employ large-scale parallel computers for imaging 3-D seismic data. The rest of the exploration industry outsources large 3-D seismic imaging projects to outside service companies (e.g. Schlumberger, Western Geophysical).
According to this outsourcing model, the data are physically sent on tape to the service companies, who process the data with little input from the oil companies, and then deliver the final images after several months. This service model has been historically successful for exploring areas with relatively simple geology, but it has proven inadequate for exploring areas with complex geology, where most of the still undiscovered hydrocarbon reservoirs are yet to be found. In such areas, the data must often be imaged by applying 3-D prestack depth migration, instead of simpler and more traditional time imaging procedures. Depth imaging is potentially much more accurate than time imaging, but it is also less robust with respect to some of the processing parameters. In particular, depth imaging needs an accurate interval velocity function to properly focus the reflections. Because the velocity function cannot be uniquely determined from the data alone, a priori geological information must be taken into account, and the final results are greatly enhanced when geologists work closely with the processing team. However, in the typical interaction between service companies and oil companies, the geologist cannot be involved in the processing because of the physical distance and the difficulties caused by the old traditional service model.
According to one aspect, the present invention provides systems and methods allowing remote access/control of geophysical data processing servers over wide area networks. In particular, the present invention provides systems and methods allowing remote evaluation of intermediate (partial) results of geophysical data processing, and remote cessation of the processing if the intermediate results are not satisfactory. According to another aspect, the present invention provides systems and methods allowing the automatic generation of user data-entry (dialog) displays for geophysical data processing modules by parsing at least part of the source code of the modules.
The present invention provides a computer-implemented geophysical data processing method comprising the steps of: automatically determining a user data-entry requirement for a geophysical data processing module, by parsing an input source file for the module; generating a user data-entry display (e.g. a window) according to the data-entry requirement, for requesting a set of input parameter values from a user; accepting the set of input parameter values from the user; and employing the module to process a geophysical data set using the set of input parameter values.
The present invention also provides a computer-implemented geophysical data processing method comprising the steps of: establishing a geophysical data processing flow on a geophysical data processing server, the data processing flow generating an intermediate result of geophysical data processing performed on a geophysical data set; and accessing the intermediate result from a client connected to the server over a wide-area network, for evaluating the intermediate result.
The present invention further provides a computer-implemented client geophysical data processing method comprising the steps of: generating a display of a geophysical data processing workgroup, the workgroup including a set of projects and a set of geophysical data processing modules, each project including at least one geophysical data set and at least one geophysical data processing flow, the at least one processing flow including a concatenation of geophysical data processing modules; in response to a user selection of the at least one flow from the display of the workgroup, generating a display of the concatenation of data processing modules of the at least one processing flow; in response to a set of flow editing user commands, modifying the flow; after the modifying, sending a description of the flow to a geophysical data processing server over a wide area network; accepting from a user a set of parameter values for at least one module of the flow; sending the set of parameter values to the server over the wide area network; directing an execution of the flow on the server, the execution employing the set of parameter values; and retrieving a result of the execution for visualization.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a preferred seismic processing system of the present invention.
FIGS. 2 is a flowchart showing steps performed by a server in the preferred embodiment present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating steps performed by a client in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4-A shows an exemplary flow-builder display according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4-B illustrates a flow-builder display according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 5-A and 5-B show exemplary data-entry displays for two geophysical processing modules according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates in detail steps performed to automatically generate data-entry windows for each module in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 illustrates a geophysical data viewer display according to the present invention.
In the following description, a set of elements is understood to comprise one or more elements. The term panel is understood to encompass entire display windows and parts of display windows. It is understood that results and other data structures can be generated and/or stored in system memory and/or in files. Geophysical data is understood to encompass recorded as well as synthetic data. Unless otherwise characterized, geophysical data processing is understood to broadly encompass any transformation, generation, visualization, use or accessing of geophysical data. A wide area network is understood to mean a network including at least one router. An input source file of a module is understood to be a file including part or all of the source code of the module.
The following description illustrates embodiments of the invention by way of example and not necessarily by way of limitation. While the following discussion focuses on Unix and Java, it will be clear to the skilled artisan that other platforms and languages are suitable for use with the present invention.
FIG. 1-A shows a schematic overview of the preferred hardware of a geophysical data processing system 20 of the present invention. System 20 comprises a server subsystem 22 and a plurality of client subsystems 24. Each client subsystem 24 is connected to server subsystem 22 over a control and interpretation (analysis) link 26. Client subsystems 24 can be located far away (for example within a different building or company) than server subsystem 22. In a typical application, client subsystems 24 are located at client oil companies, while server subsystem 22 is located at a geophysical processing service company providing services to multiple oil companies. Control and interpretation link 26 is preferably implemented over a wide area network such as the Internet.
Server subsystem 22 preferably comprises a processing unit 30 and a data storage device 32. Processing unit 30 can include an integrated parallel computer such as an Origin 2000 from SGI or Enterprise from Sun Microsystems. Processing unit 30 can also include a cluster of interconnected computers, such as for example a Beowulf Linux cluster forming a parallel computer. Data storage device 32 includes an array of tape and/or hard disk drives capable of storing geophysical data sets—on the order of hundreds of gigabytes to tens of terabytes of data. Processing unit 30 is connected to data storage device 32 over a data link 34. Processing unit 30 and storage device 32 are preferably located within the same physical facility, and can be implemented on the same computer system. Data link 34 can have a higher-bandwidth than control/interpretation link 26, and can be implemented over a local area network (LAN).
Each client subsystem 24 can be implemented using a personal computer or workstation with less storage and/or computational capability than server subsystem 22. Each client subsystem 24 includes display and input devices (e.g. monitor and keyboard) for control, data entry, and data visualization. In particular, each client subsystem includes a graphical user interface (GUI) 34 of the present invention. Different client subsystems 24 may have different operating systems (platforms). GUI 34 is preferably implemented in a platform-independent language such as Java. In the presently preferred implementation, GUI 34 is run as an applet, although in general GUI 34 can be provided as an installed program. Both server 22 and client 24 preferably have the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) installed thereon.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing steps performed by server subsystem 22 in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The process starts at step 202 with the initialization of server subsystem 22. In step 204, server 22 waits for client connections. If a connection with a client 24 is established (step 206), server 22 receives a geophysical processing job description from client 24 (step 208), and validates and starts the job (steps 210, 212). The job comprises applying a concatenation of geophysical processing modules (modules) to an input geophysical data set, and generating a result including an output geophysical data set. The job description includes an ordered list of the processing modules forming the job, as well as a list of parameters used in the job. Validating the job (step 210) can include checking that the modules listed in the job description are available on server 22 for use the by that customer, and that parameter values received from client 24 are valid.
In step 214, server 22 executes the job. During the job processing, geophysical processing intermediate (partial) results can be created in the computer memory and/or an output file. The intermediate results are generated by the last module in the concatenation forming the job. The intermediate result can be a 3-D array (grid) of geophysical data such as velocity, amplitude, or traveltime data. The intermediate result is repeatedly updated during the job processing. The size of the intermediate result can be on the same order of magnitude as the input and output geophysical data sets.
Upon a quality-control (QC) query by client 24 (step 216), server 22 reads and transfers a requested part or all of the intermediate results to client 24 (step 218). The requested part of the intermediate result may include for example sample 2-D data slices from a 3-D array. In step 220, client 24 is used by an end user, typically a geophysicist, to visualize the intermediate result. If the intermediate result is deemed unsatisfactory (step 222), the user can use client 24 to stop the execution of the job on server 22 (step 224), change parameters for the job, and re-start the execution of the job (steps 204-214). If the intermediate result is satisfactory and the geophysical processing job is not finished (step 226), server 22 continues the processing (step 214). If the job is finished, server 22 returns to waiting for client connections for accepting a new job.
The job processing may employ conventional geophysical processing modules (filters) known in the art. Such modules can implement velocity estimation, traveltime computation, and migration algorithms, among others. Source code and executable files for each module are stored and/or executed on server 22.
Server 22 further stores data on authorized users and workgroups. A workgroup generally corresponds to a set of users who have access to common objects (modules, project, data, and flow files) stored on server 22. Typically, a workgroup corresponds to a given customer company or a group within a given company. Once logged-in, a user who is a member of a workgroup can access the objects that are licensed to the workgroup, and can create new projects.
Each workgroup contains a set of modules and a set of projects, preferably organized as a tree structure, as described in further detail below. Each module represents a seismic processing executable, and can be used to build processing flows (jobs). Each module has a set of associated parameters, and values for these parameters can be edited by including the module in a workflow and then using the Module Editor. A new module can be added to the hierarchy of the existing modules only by the INSP administrator. Each project includes a set of data files and a set of flow (processing) files. Each project can contain recursively an arbitrary number of sub-projects, which have a similar structure. A project (or sub-project) can be created dynamically by any member of the workgroup.
A flow is a collection of instantiated modules, ordered in a sequence selected by the client user as described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 4-A, and having associated values for module parameters and input geophysical data set(s). Flow attributes can include: flow name, name of the project to which the flow belongs, LoginID of the flow author, flow creation date, comments, list of module names for the modules contained in the flow, and list of parameter values for each module in the flow.
Server 22 can further store a global module configuration file and a set of module display customization files. The global configuration file can be replaced by a table stored in a database. Each module display customization file corresponds to a given module. The module configuration file contains a table establishing a correspondence between each module name and the location(s) of the module source code and display customization file corresponding to the module. Each customization file contains descriptive data for the corresponding module's parameters. Parameter descriptive data can include physical units, default values, parameter grouping and ordering information, and text for describing the parameters to users.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed by a client 24 in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. In step 302, client 24 logs in to server 22. Client 24 is then idle, waiting for user input (step 304). In step 306, client 24 builds a desired geophysical processing job (flow) as described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 4-A. Referring back to FIG. 3, client 24 then submits the job to server 22 (step 308). While server 22 processes the job (step 310), client 24 can send quality-control queries to server 22 (steps 312, 314). If a QC query is desired, server 22 is queried, and an intermediate result is received and displayed by client 24 (step 316). If the intermediate result is judged to be satisfactory (step 318) and the current job is not finished, processing continues at step 310. Client 24 can then request more intermediate results. If the job is finished, a final result is retrieved from server 22 and the client process ends (step 322). The final result can then be visualized using client 24. If an intermediate result is judged to be unsatisfactory by an end user, the end user can use client 24 to stop the further execution of the job by server 22 (step 324).
FIG. 4-A shows a graphical user interface display 38 display corresponding to the job-building step 306 illustrated in FIG. 3, for an arbitrary exemplary job (flow) 48 according to the presently preferred embodiment of the present invention. Display 38 comprises a directory (workgroup) window 40 and at least one flow-builder window 50. Flow builder window 50 graphically illustrates flow 48. Window 40 comprises a directory panel 44 and an information panel 46. Directory panel 44 displays a tree structure representation 45 of a workgroup corresponding to the particular customer using display 38. Information panel 46 displays predefined information on each object of the workgroup when the user clicks on that object.
Representation 45 includes representations of the components of the workgroup arranged as a tree structure. The workgroup includes a plurality of projects 47 and a set of geophysical data processing modules 51. Modules 51 can include subsets (folders) of modules, each including geophysical data processing modules available for use in that workgroup. Modules 51 can be grouped in functional categories such as Input/Output (I/O), Migration Velocity Analysis (MVA), and Pre-Stack Depth Migration (PSDM). Each project 47 includes a set of geophysical data files and a set of flow (job) descriptions.
When a user clicks on a representation of flow 48 in directory panel 44, client 24 opens flow builder window 50 corresponding to flow 48. Flow builder window 50 displays a representation of the concatenation of geophysical data processing modules forming flow 48. The user can add modules by dragging and dropping module representations from directory panel 44 into flow builder window 50, or by clicking on module representations in directory panel 44 and selecting each module for addition to flow 48. For example, to add an Input module to flow 48, the user can click on the Input module representation 52 a in directory panel 44 and drag the representation to flow builder window 50. The Input module is then added to the flow, and flow builder window 50 displays a representation 52 b of the Input module. Similarly, the user can add subsequent modules Window, Mute, Bandpass, Velad3D, and ToClient to flow 48 by operating on the module representations in directory panel 44. The modules cited above are illustrated for exemplary purposes only. Many other modules are known in the geophysical processing art. The user can also delete and move modules within flow builder window 50. The user can enter desired parameter values for each represented module, as described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 5-A and 5-B. Once flow 48 has been built, the user can commence its execution on server 22 by selecting a Run command in flow builder window 50.
The Input module is used to specify the filename containing the geophysical data set to be processed. Each subsequent module performs an operation on its input. For example, the Window module operates on the geophysical data set specified by the Input module, and the Mute module operates on the result produced by the Window module. The ToClient module sends the final result to the specified client.
FIG. 4-B shows an alternative graphical user interface display 138 corresponding to the job-building step 306 illustrated in FIG. 3. Referring to FIG. 4-B, display 138 comprises a flow-builder window 140 including a flow builder panel 144 and a module (directory) panel 146. Flow panel 144 graphically illustrates a flow 148 under construction, while module panel 146 graphically illustrates a plurality of modules 150 available for constructing flow 148. Module panel 146 groups modules 150 in subpanels according to the function of the modules contained in each subpanel. To construct flow 148, the user clicks on the Input module button 152 a situated in module panel 146. Client 24 then displays the Input module representation 152 b in flow panel 144. The user then sequentially clicks on the Window, Mute, Bandpass, Velad3D, and ToClient buttons in module panel 146, which are sequentially arranged in flow panel 144 in descending order.
Generally, display 138 can include additional panels/windows than the ones illustrated in FIG. 4-B. For example, a module caching panel can be used to display the modules most often used by a particular user, or the latest modules used by the user. Display 138 can further include a data entry panel for allowing the user to enter data required by each module 50. In the presently preferred embodiment, a data-entry window separate from window 140 is generated for each module 150 for which data entry is requested, as explained below with reference to FIGS. 5-A and 5-B.
FIGS. 5-A and 5-B show exemplary data-entry windows 60 a-b for two arbitrary modules, Bandpass and ToClient. Each of windows 60 a-b contains plural data entry display fields. Each field corresponds to an input parameter that the corresponding module requires the user to enter. The data-entry fields can be grouped according to the type of input parameter to be entered: integer, float, character, string, or Boolean. As shown, window 60 a comprises integer data-entry fields 62 and float entry fields 64, while window 60 b comprises a character data entry field 66 and a string data entry field 68. The data-entry fields can also be grouped according to their functionality or according to whether they are required or typical (not required). The user enters the requested input parameters into each window 60 a-b, and when finished clicks on an OK button 69 displayed in the window. By default, each window 60 a-b only requires the entry of a subset of the total number of parameters that can be entered by the user. A user can choose to enter values for other parameters, up to the total number of parameters available.
Each data-entry window 60 a-b is preferably automatically generated using a data entry builder vector (object) obtained by parsing at least part of the source code of the corresponding module. The data entry builder vector defines a user data-entry requirement for the module. The data entry builder vector includes a list of parameter names, types, and any additional characteristics needed for data entry. Such additional characteristics are stored in the customization file corresponding to the module, and can include parameter measurement units, descriptions, and minimum and maximum acceptable values, among others.
FIG. 6 illustrates the preferred steps performed by system 20 for building data-entry windows such as those shown in FIGS. 5-A and 5-B. Once a user adds a module to a flow, client 24 checks whether the module has been used in the same session (step 402). If the module has been used in the same session, the data entry builder vector required for building the corresponding data entry window is available in a local cache. The data entry builder vector is then retrieved from the local cache (step 404). In step 406, if the module has not been used in the same session, client 24 makes a request to server 22 for the data entry builder vector required to build a user data entry display for that module.
To automatically generate the data entry builder vector, server 22 first parses an input source file for the module (step 408). The input source file includes at least part of the source code for the corresponding module. The input source file can include the entire source code of the module. Generally, the input source file need only include only those parts (e.g. files) of the source code containing function calls for data entry.
In step 408, the parser finds the first occurrence of each user data entry reference on a line. The data entry references are function calls for reading parameter values. In the presently-preferred Java implementation, the parser seeks the first occurrence of one of the keywords getch, fetch, hetch, and getpar on each line. In other implementations other keywords may indicate parameter requirements. Each line containing a user data entry reference is then in turn parsed to determine the names and types of input parameters referenced in the line, and the process continues for subsequent lines of code.
After the module source code is parsed, server 22 checks whether the data-entry window is to be customized (step 410). Customization of the data-entry window can require values for parameter characteristics other than name and type. If the data-entry window is to be customized, a customization (configuration) file corresponding to the module is parsed to determine relevant configuration parameters (step 412). After parsing the customization file, server 22 reconciles the results of the module source code parsing and the customization file parsing (step 414). In step 416, any additional parameter characteristics or attributes generated by parsing the customization file (steps 412 and 414) are added to the data entry builder vector generated in step 408.
In step 418, the resulting data entry builder vector is transferred to the GUI of client 24. In step 420, client 24 employs the data entry builder vector to construct a data-entry window such as those illustrated in FIGS. 5-A and 5-B. The user enters parameter values (step 422) and then activates a validation control such as the "OK" button in FIG. 5-A. The input parameter values entered by the user are transferred to server 22 (step 424), which in turn employs the input parameter values in the data processing performed by the modules forming a job.
To allow the user to visualize intermediate or final geophysical data processing results, client 24 comprises a data viewer capable of generating one or more data viewer windows. FIG. 7 illustrates a data viewer window 80 suitable for use in the present invention. Window 80 includes plural display control buttons 82 allowing the user to customize the display of geophysical data within a display panel 86. Window 80 further includes plural browsing control buttons 88 a-d for controlling the identity of data displayed within panel 86. Display panel 86 is capable of sequentially displaying 2-D slices of a 3-D data set.
Upon user request through display control buttons 82, the data viewer is capable of zooming the displayed geophysical image along one or two display axes, redimensioning the image to fit panel 86 after a window resize, restoring the image to its original size, and changing the mouse sensitivity. The data viewer further allows the user to manually pick a set of points or (x,y) coordinates by clicking on the image displayed within panel 86. Upon user request through display control buttons 88 a-d, the data viewer is capable of advancing or reversing the image displayed in panel 86 in a sequence of images. The user can also skip to a desired image in the sequence by entering a value in a browsing control field 90.
After reviewing an intermediate result in data viewer window 80, a user operating client 24 can stop a flow running on server 22, and modify parameter values or other flow characteristics for subsequent flow execution on server 22. The user can stop a flow running on server 22 from a flow builder display such as window 50 shown in FIG. 4-A. Since typical flows can take days to weeks to execute to completion, the ability to stop the flow execution preemptively after observing that preliminary results are not satisfactory can save valuable processing time and computational resources.
The present invention further provides articles of manufacture containing computer-readable media storing instructions for executing methods of the present invention. Further provided are computer systems for implementing methods of the present invention.
The above-described systems and methods allow geologists to have direct control of depth-imaging projects and to have access to remote large-scale parallel computers. By enabling remote access to large shared computer facilities, the present invention allows overcoming the economical and operational obstacles that today prevent the vast majority of exploration projects in difficult areas to fully benefit from the rapid progress in high-performance computing.
The required large-scale computational facilities are accessed through the wide-area networks that are being developed and deployed for both Internet and Intranets, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPN). Exploration companies can have access to almost unlimited computational power on demand, without the problem of amortizing the huge fixed cost of the required facilities. These facilities will be cost-effectively managed by either service companies or central departments of major oil companies. The increased availability of computing power will improve the success-ratio of a large number of exploration projects, considerably enhancing the U.S. and world oil & gas supply.
Furthermore, new or updated geophysical processing modules or seismic interpretation packages can be integrated with the above-described graphical user interface without manually coding the user data entry window corresponding to each module. Seismic interpretation packages can include hundreds or thousands of modules. In turn, each module can require the entry of values for multiple parameters. Manually generating data entry windows for such large numbers of modules would be a large barrier to the integration of such packages with a new graphical user interface.
It will be clear to one skilled in the art that the above embodiments may be altered in many ways without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined by the following claims and their legal equivalents.
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|Landmark Graphics Corporation
|System and method for providing a task-centric online environment
|"BITS of POWER/Issues in Global Access to Scientific Data", National Academy Press, 1997, copy can be found on the Internet at http:// www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/BitsOfPower/index.html.
|"The U.S. Global Change Data and Information System Implementation Plan", A Report by the Committee on Environment and Natural Resources Research, 1994, copy can be found on the Internet at http://www.gcrio.org/GCDIS/iplan/tocgcdip.html.*
|Citing Patent
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|Feb 26, 2004
|Apr 18, 2006
|3Dgeo Development, Inc.
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|Oct 28, 2003
|Dec 21, 2010
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Teleconference system, teleconference support method, and computer program
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|Mar 3, 2015
|Landmark Graphics Corporation
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|Dell Software Inc.
|Deep type parsing
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|May 22, 2003
|Jean-Christophe Pautrat
|Method to construct a technology roadmap
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|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
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|Jan 12, 2005
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|Baker Hughes Incorporated
|3-D visualized data set for all types of reservoir data
|May 23, 2006
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 13, 2001
Owner name: 3DGEO DEVELOPMENT, INC., CALIFORNIA
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
MELBOURNE, Australia -- The third round is when things start to get a little serious, given seeds start running into each other. Darling Kim Clijsters, on a roll and with the Aussie crowd behind her, figures to be tested somewhat against the unpredictable Nadia Petrova on Day 5.
Kim Clijsters (15) versus Nadia Petrova (19): Petrova was in good spirits as she practiced with coach Christian Zahalka on Court 20, nestled parallel to train tracks and well away from the crowds. Intermittent breezes tempered the intense warmth Thursday.
Petrova let out a few smiles as she worked on returns and skied a ball onto another court, proclaiming it was a home run.
The 5-foot-10 Russian needs to hit one out of the park to oust Clijsters, riding a nine-match Grand Slam winning streak and coming off a confidence-boosting victory over Justine Henin in the final of the Brisbane International.
"Nadia has to serve well," said Zahalka, the latest in a long line of Petrova coaches. "If she serves well, and if every set is tight, anything can happen. She has to be aggressive. She has to take it to Kim and dictate. If she can do that, she has a shot."
Petrova, whose serve is one of the biggest in the women's game, can't help running into Belgians. She faced Henin, on the comeback trail, in an exhibition in Cairo last month and, as the No. 2 seed, unfortunately drew the seven-time Grand Slam winner in the opening round of the Brisbane International. It was a close affair, with Henin prevailing 7-5, 7-5.
"It was a very tight match, a winnable one," said Zahalka, who has been in Petrova's corner for six months. "Justine won the match, not Nadia losing it."
Petrova was once a Grand Slam contender herself, even though she isn't especially mobile. In 2006 the Muscovite won three straight clay-court titles, downing Henin in the process, and was considered the favorite at that year's French Open. The week before Roland Garros, however, Petrova injured her ankle and she exited in the first round. The 27-year-old, ranked third in May '06, has never really recovered.
"I'd much rather face Clijsters or Henin in the semifinals, I admit that, but for us the ranking isn't important," Zahalka said. "She wants to be in the mix again, and that's the only [reason] I took the job. You gotta beat girls like Clijsters to do it, so let's go do it."
Clijsters, 4-0 against Petrova with a single set lost, played sloppily against veteran Thai Tamarine Tanasugarn in the second round. The reigning U.S. Open champion almost blew a big lead in the first set and fell behind 3-0 in the second.
Petrova is a clear step up.
"She obviously has a great serve," Clijsters told reporters. "Places the ball well, hits it very clean. I have to try to be consistent, but really try to go for the lines and make her move because she's a tall girl. Usually tall girls, they're not the greatest movers around."
Prediction: Clijsters in three.
Rafael Nadal (2) versus Philipp Kohlschreiber (27): Kohlschreiber, a diminutive German, has a bit of a fan club in Australia. It all stems from his explosive performance against Andy Roddick in the third round of the Australian Open two years ago. Kohlschreiber hit a century of winners to eliminate an out-of-sorts and grumpy Roddick 8-6 in the fifth.
Kohlschreiber, given his enormous talent, has since underachieved. He has yet to reach a Grand Slam quarterfinal and has a tendency to lose matches he probably should win.
No favorite here, Kohlschreiber trails Nadal 4-0 in their head-to-heads, although in their last meeting in Dubai in 2008, the 26-year-old pushed the Spaniard to three sets.
Prediction: Nadal in four.
Gael Monfils (12) versus John Isner (33): The 6-foot-9 Isner, along with Sam Querrey, is the immediate and bright future of U.S. men's tennis.
Isner is on a roll, winning his first title in New Zealand last week, aces in tow, and pulling out a five-set win in the first round in Melbourne. Admitting to being fatigued this week, he got some much-needed rest Thursday. He also owns a 2-1 record against the elastic Frenchman.
"I'm going to have to serve well and get into the net," Isner told reporters. "I probably don't want to get into long, extended rallies with him."
Monfils' shoulder was a question mark last week, but his coach, Roger Rasheed, says it's fine now.
Prediction: Monfils in five.
Ravi Ubha is a frequent contributor to ESPN.com.


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text:
I bought this to go on a European charm bracelet for my niece She's been a cheerleader since the age of 6 and is now a coach. Cheerleading is a more challenging sport than many people realize. With synchronized back flips, aerials and pyramid stunts, it takes a dedicated athlete to perform well. She will love this!
I liked it but I thought it was small but all off them are now.
I bought this for my granddaughter's birthday, since she is a cheerleader this year. I was very happy with it when it arrived. And she was sincerely delighted to receive it.
- How did the image on site compare with the actual product? Looks just like the image. The sterling silver appears to be high quality.
- How accurate was the sizing? As advertised.
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. I looked for a long time to find a megaphone charm with the quality of this one.
Bought this for my grandaughter as a gift for Christmas. It was the perfect size, and it has a beautiful shine to it. She was very pleased with it. She had just made the basketball cheering squad, and I thought this would be a perfect gift for her. I was right, she loves it!
- How did the image on site compare with the actual product? Exactly as shown
- How accurate was the sizing? It was the size I expected, and just perfect
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. Very solid and sturdy charm for the size and price.
Great quality and price Grandaughter loved it and I won't have to worry about the cost if she loses it
An absolutely beautiful charm. I had ordered one from another company, and it was rather dull and gray. This is a very pretty charm and made my niece so happy!


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 6, 1976
|Filing date
|May 22, 1973
|Priority date
|Aug 19, 1970
|Publication number
|Nathan Freedman
|Original Assignee
|Raytheon Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (13), Classifications (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 65,348, filed Aug. 19, 1970, now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 747,661, filed July 25, 1968, now abandoned.
Various types of transponder systems are well known in the prior art but for the most part such systems utilizing a radar interrogator do not permit voice communications between the interrogator and the transponder. Other prior art systems use radio responder beacons for measuring the altitude of an aircraft. Of course, the use of pulse width modulation in voice communication systems is old but such prior art systems make no suggestion of application in transponder systems. Still other prior art systems use radiosonde for obtaining meteorological data but do not use voice communications.
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art by providing a voice-modulated transponder system including an interrogator utilizing pulse repetition frequency (PRF) modulation and a transponder utilizing pulse width modulation (PWM) which can both locate the position of the transponder and simultaneous therewith permit two-way voice communication between the interrogator and the transponder. In the described embodiment, wherein the range of the system is under 10 miles, the interrogator is basically a small X-band secondary radar set which is airborne and may be mounted on a helicopter or light aircraft. The interrogator is compact and light enough to be carried on light aircraft or helicopters and at the same time may be added conveniently to larger tactical aircraft without great difficulty. The transponder which is hand carried is characterized by its extreme compactness, lightness and low battery drain. The transponder is compatible with most existing airborne radars in that it could reply as a beacon to their interrogations even though voice communications was not possible. This compatibility feature fixes the interrogation frequency of the system at X-band and the reply frequency at 9310 MHz. The system has capabilities for obtaining a range and bearing of the transponder with high accuracy to within a small fraction of a mile and the range of the system is very flexible depending on the particular applications. Both the airborne interrogator and the transponder are omnidirectional so that there is no need to scan for each to find the other. The present invention may have military application for communication between ground personnel and aircraft and could also be used for aircraft navigation and search and rescue operations on both land and sea.
The above objects and advantages of the present invention as well as others are achieved by providing a voice-modulated transponder system comprising an interrogator means for simultaneously transmitting both interrogation signals and voice signals utilizing one form of modulation and transponder means located remotely from said interrogator means for simultaneously receiving said interrogation and voice signals and for simultaneously transmitting both location information in the form of return signals and voice signals back to said interrogator means utilizing another form of modulation.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the interrogator of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the transponder of the present invention; and
FIGS. 3A - E are graphs of the waveforms as seen at the interrogator shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an interrogator 10 which is airborne and is basically a small X-band secondary radar. In describing the present system, the equation defining the range of the system will assist in understanding the invention: ##EQU1## where: λ = the system wavelength
G1 = the interrogator antenna gain
G2 = the transponder antenna gain
PT = the interrogator power
gc = the transponder's mixer conversion gain
S = the interrogator receiver's minimum signal
The required interrogator power is obtained by solving the beacon equation: ##EQU2##
The source of power in the interrogator 10 is an X-band magnetron 12. The pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of the magnetron 12 is modulated by a PRF modulator 14 in order to convey speech intelligence which is received from a microphone 16. The interrogator 10 employs a steerable horn antenna 18 which is connected to a duplexer 20 which may be a ferrite circulator. The output of the magnetron 12 is fed to the duplexer 20. The output of the duplexer 20 is applied to a fixed frequency superheterodyne receiver 22. Both the output of the PRF modulator 14 and of the receiver 22 are applied to a range detector 24 whose output is fed to a range display meter 30. The output of the receiver 22 is also applied to a pulse width demodulator 26 whose output may be received as voice communications over earphones 28.
A transponder 40 which is carried on the ground includes a crystal video receiver 42 which receives signals from an antenna 44 via a duplexer 46 which may be a small circulator. The antenna 44 is horizontally polarized, is essentially omnidirectional in azimuth and has sufficient vertical directivity to provide about 7db gain. The transponder 40 also includes a frequency-multiplying X-band transmitter 48 which may be a crystal-controlled transistor/varactor multiplier. The output from the receiver 42 is applied to a PRF demodulator 50 which provides voice signals over earphones 52. The output of the receiver 42 is also fed to a pulse width modulator 54. Also applied to the modulator 54 through a microphone 56 are the out going voice signals. The output of the modulator 54 is applied to the transmitter 48.
The operation of one embodiment of the system is as follows: The magnetron 12 is the source of X-band power in the aircraft. Its PRF is about 7 or 8 KHz, and its PRF is modulated to convey speech intelligence to the transponder 40. Normal speech will cause the PRF to swing to 10%. The aircraft antenna 18 is chosen to have about 18 db gain and at the given frequency a 5 inch horn antenna is employed.
In the present example G1 = 18 db, G2 (as before) = 8 db, = 3 � 10.sup.-2 m, S = 10.sup.-8 watts (for a crystal video receiver, approximately), R = 5 miles or 8 km. Solving equation (2) above, PT turns out to be 280 watts peak. Small magnetrons rated at a few kw peaks are available. For example, the Raytheon type RK-7521 or CK6248 weighs about 10 ounces, and puts out 1 kw peak at a duty cycle of 0.5%. At a PRF of 8 kc, this allows a pulse length of 0.6 microseconds. The interrogation range obtainable using this magnetron is close to 10 miles.
At the transponder 40, the received signal is detected and amplified by receiver 42 and demodulated by PRF demodulator 50 for listening. In parallel with this, the pulse signal out of the receiver 42 is fed to the transponder's transmitter 48 through the pulse-width modulator 54. The modulator 54 stretches the input pulse by a considerable amount, so that the actual pulse applied to the transmitter 48 has a duty cycle of about 50% (this takes advantage of the fact that the solid-state transmitter 48 is peak rather than average power limited). The amount of stretch is voice modulated, leading to pulse width modulation of the response link. The transmitter 48 of the transponder 40 transmits on the standard 9310 MHz beacon channel and therefore, the transponder behaves as a normal unmodulated radar beacon when interrogated by beacon-equipped airborne radars. The transponder's antenna 44 is omnidirectional in azimuth. Voice communication with the interrogator 10 is accomplished by pulse-width modulating the transponders 9310 MHz response in pulse-width modulator 54. The response pulse length is normally 25 microseconds in the communications mode and with normal speech, the width swings � 15 microseconds. The crystal oscillator of transmitter 48 runs continuously but the multiplier stages are pulsed on and off with modulator 54.
At the interrogator 10, the beacon signal is received superheterodyne fashion by receiver 22 which is tuned to 9310 MHz (the local oscillator in this case can be a stable source such as is used in the transponder). Receiver 22 accomplishes two functions simultaneously -- the pulse-width demodulator 26 recovers speech information from the transponder signal and the range detector 24 measures the range from the interrogator 10 to the transponder 40 by generating a voltage proportional to the time delay between the leading edge of the transmitted pulse and the leading edge of the received pulse. The range is displayed on a meter 30. The scale of meter 30 may be made nonlinear so that range reading accuracy may be improved at short ranges. A small indicator light may be provided near the meter in order to indicate to the operator that a usable signal is being received. Such a light is valuable in the process of antenna scanning by the interrogator, which will ordinarily precede a communication. The lighting of the indicator will alert the operator to the correct pointing angle. The required transponder transmitter 48 power can be calculated as it was above. Here, the receiver 22 sensitivity S, assuming a noise figure of 8 db, an IF bandwidth of 100 KHz, and an audio bandwidth of about 4 KHz, is about 25 � 10.sup.-14 watts. This signal level will produce a 10 db signal-to-noise ratio at IF, and much better than that at audio. The required power lever PT is down by the ratio of sensitivities 2.5 � 10.sup.-14 - 10.sup.-8, or 2.5 � 10.sup.-6. PT for the transponder 40 turns out to be only 0.7 mw for the 5-mile range. Assuming that the transponder 40 can actually put out at least 10 times this, the response range will easily exceed 10 miles. The excess power at shorter ranges will make the acquisition problem much simpler.
It should be noted that the leading edge of the pulse is not shifted by the transponder modulation process; range is determined at the interrogator 10 by comparing the leading edge of the transmitted pulse with the leading edge of the received pulse in the range detector 24. Using an interrogator receiver IF bandwidth of 100 KHz, one can estimate the position of the leading edge to at least one-tenth of the rise time, or about 1 microsecond, which is equivalent to about 500 foot range accuracy. For better accuracy at shorter ranges, it is possible to switch to a wider (say 1 MHz) IF bandwidth, or if a logarithmic IF amplifier is used, it can be arranged to have the bandwidth automatically widen as the signal strengh increases. This observed delay will also have a tendency to vary with signal strength but the variation is less than a microsecond.
There is no interference between transmitter and receiver at each site. At the transponder 40, the transmitted signal is clearly separated in time from the received signal. Voice communication is duplex so that the operations at both the interrogator and transponder can talk simultaneously as with a normal telephone and push-to-talk operation is not necessary.
Operation of the system will be further described in conjunction with FIGS. 3A - E which are plots of the waveforms as seen at the interrogator 10. Pulse transmission is required from the interrogator 10 because the square-law behavior of the crystal video receiver 42 of transponder 40 favors a pulse signal, i.e., a crystal video receiver gives a markedly poorer signal-to-noise ratio with a modulated CW signal than with a low duty cycle pulsed signal (assuming average powers of both signals are the same). The PRF modulation which is used by the interrogator must be high enough so that the audio waveform is sampled adequately -- at least two samples per cycle of the highest audio frequency of interest. FIG. 3A shows the pulses transmitted by the interrogator with no modulation while 3B shows these pulses with modulation introduced. FIG. 3C shows the pulses received by the interrogator with interrogator modulation but without transponder modulation. The pulses received by the interrogator with the transponder modulation of � 60% width modulation added is seen in FIG. 3D. The audio waveform received by the interrogator is shown in FIG. 3E.
Although the voice-modulated transponder system described above has been framed in an air-to-ground location and communication system for operation in ranges under 10 miles, the system with minor design modifications may be employed for other applications. The basic concept and operation of the present invention, however, remain the same. For example, instead of providing a separate antenna for the interrogator, the interrogator could share the antenna of a radar already on the aircraft. Such sharing could be accomplished for example, with a manually operated waveguide switch. Also, with respect to the antennas, although both the interrogator and transponder antennas have been described as being omnidirectional, depending upon the particular application one or both of these antennas may be directional.
Because of the variety of airborne radars which employ X-band, this band was chosen for the described embodiment of the invention. Other frequencies could be used and, for example, the same performance level could be attained by switching to a lower frequency, thereby requiring larger antennas but making it easier to generate rf power.
Considering the present invention purely as a two-way communicator and ignoring the range measurement, an interesting and potentially useful feature is the inherent feedback in both the interrogator and transponder communication paths. This feedback is made possible by the orthogonality of the modulation in the two paths. For example, the PRF modulation imposed by the interrogators transmitter appears back again at the interrogators received after having passed through the transponder. If desired, the output of the interrogator could be pulse-width modulated with the audio demodulated from the interrogators receiver to complete a feedback path as seen from the transponder. Such feedback has been recognized as a powerful tool for optimizing the performance of a communication link. A discussion of use of such feedback may be found in Horstein, "Sequential Transmission Using Noiseless Feedback," IEEE Trans. I.T., Vol. IT-9, pages 136 - 143, July 1963.
The PRF modulators and demodulators, the PWM modulators and demodulators, superheterodyne and crystal receivers and transmitters are all well known components, examples of which may be described in a reference such as Ryder, "Electronic Fundamentals and Applications." Magnetrons and duplexers are well known devices as are range detectors and descriptions may be found in "Microwave Duplexers" and "Electronic Time Measurements," Vol. 14 and 20 respectively of the Radiation Laboratory Series.
The voice-modulated transponder system of the present invention as described in conjunction with FIGS. 1 - 3 has basic military applications for close air support of ground troops, particularly, targeting, forward area resupply and identification. In addition to these military applications, the present invention also has commercial applications as a lightweight communications link, aircraft navigation and search and rescue operations on both land and sea.
It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing disclosure relates to only a preferred embodiment of the invention and that numerous modifications or alterations may be made therein without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 29, 1940
|Sep 3, 1946
|Rca Corp
|Communication and distance determining system
|Feb 17, 1944
|Aug 12, 1947
|Rca Corp
|Pulse communication system
|Dec 11, 1943
|Jul 6, 1948
|Standard Telephones Cables Ltd
|Obstacle detection and communicating system
|Nov 6, 1943
|Jan 31, 1950
|Standard Telephones Cables Ltd
|Radio locating and signaling system
|Sep 12, 1947
|Aug 12, 1952
|Harris Donald B
|Radio transmission system
|Jan 24, 1957
|Oct 27, 1959
|William Todd
|Radio transmission system
|Nov 16, 1965
|Sep 12, 1967
|Thomson Houston Comp Francaise
|System for automatic radio transfer of digital information and for distance computation
|Sep 19, 1966
|Dec 19, 1967
|Hoffmann-Heyden Adolf-E
|Radar-beacon system with two-way communication capability
|Sep 6, 1967
|Aug 5, 1969
|Us Army
|Communication by radar beams
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 27, 1977
|Dec 12, 1978
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Automatical signalling apparatus
|Nov 16, 1978
|Feb 12, 1980
|Method of and system for avoiding collisions between aircraft
|Apr 7, 1986
|Nov 10, 1987
|Scott George M
|Cockpit transmission assembly
|Aug 4, 2000
|Jul 6, 2004
|Trw Inc.
|Passive voice-activated microphone and transceiver system
|Jun 14, 2004
|Mar 21, 2006
|Garmin International, Inc.
|Device and method for SPR detection in a Mode-S transponder
|Oct 19, 2010
|The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.
|Ranging and communication multifunction system
|Dec 21, 2010
|Sep 2, 2014
|Itrack, Llc
|Distance separation tracking system
|Oct 18, 2007
|Dec 11, 2008
|The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd.
|Ranging and communication multifunction system
|Dec 19, 2008
|Sep 24, 2009
|Michael Kishinevsky
|Radar transponder
|Jun 25, 2008
|Jul 22, 2010
|The Nippon Signal Co., Ltd.
|Reader/writer and article sorting system
|Jun 23, 2011
|Itrack, Llc
|Distance separation tracking system
|Dec 19, 1987
|Jul 6, 1988
|Deutsche Aerospace AG
|Landing-aid system for aircraft having its own on-board radar
|Jul 18, 2001
|Feb 6, 2002
|TRW Inc.
|A passive voice-activated microphone and transceiver system
|U.S. Classification
|342/42, 375/211, 342/60
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Recent and Featured Harbor Springs Articles
Northern Michigan Attractions: Five Ways to Ace your Weekend
Northern Michigan Attractions: Make this weekend a getaway with five hoppin' events on June 10-12, 2011.Northern Michigan Attractions: Take Your Dog to These Beaches
Northern Michigan Attractions: Heading out to the beach? Check out these dog-friendly Northern Michigan beaches.Northern Michigan Attractions: Find Your Spring Sport
Northern Michigan Attractions: Golf, biking, fly-fishing, or paddle boarding. Time to pick your sport and shape up this spring.Traverse City Events: Traverse Magazine, MyNorth.com Red Hot Best Bash
Traverse City Events: Traverse Magazine & MyNorth.com throw a bash for the Red Hot Best of Northern Michigan at the Turtle Creek Casino near Traverse City.Northern Michigan Skiers: Time to Buy Next Season's Pass
Northern Michigan ski resorts are handing out deals on next year's ski passes. But you'll have to buy soon.Northern Michigan Real Estate: Live and work in Harbor Springs.
The Lake Michigan harbor town is looking to attract young families. Check out these real estate deals in Harbor Springs.Northern Michigan Events: Lake Michigan Lighthouse Tour
Reserve your spot now: Harbor Springs Area Historical Society tour of Lake Michigan's Little Traverse Lighthouse on Saturday, October 1, 2011.Northern Michigan Designers Contribute To PPG Up North Color Collection
Up North colors by Pittsburgh Paints, available in Traverse City, Petoskey and Harbor Springs, bring the beauty of Northern Michigan indoors in time for spring spruce up.Northern Michigan Restaurant Deals: Seafood Trio at Stafford's
Celebrate Stafford's 50th anniversary in Northern Michigan with a seafood special at the Weathervane in Charlevoix and the Pier in Harbor Springs.Northern Michigan Events: March Means Parties on the Ski Slopes
Find spring fever relievers across Northern Michigan in Traverse City, Petoskey and Marquette.Made in Northern Michigan: b. May Custom Handbags
From her baglab near Petoskey, designer Barbara May is putting Northern Michigan on the haute couture map.Northern Michigan Events: Blissfest Music Festival Gets Its Logo On
Presenting the winning logo (and winning artist) for the annual Blissfest Music Festival in Harbor Springs. Read on for Highlights of the 31st Blissfest.Vote For the Red Hot Best Of Northern Michigan!
Vote for your favorite Northern Michigan events, Northern Michigan restaurants, Traverse City attractions and more in our MyNorth Red Hot Best Of contest.Northern Michigan Events: Fun in the Snow for Kids Up North
Free family Northern Michigan events, from Harbor Springs and Petoskey to Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, to keep the fun in your Northern Michigan winter.Northern Michigan V-Day Ideas: Traverse City Hotels and Michigan Wine!
Northern Michigan Events: Traverse City hotels, Michigan wine, Northern Michigan travel and other ideas for celebrating Valentines Day in Northern Michigan.Three Northern Michigan Chefs Share Their Favorite Holiday Desserts
Holiday recipes from chefs at three Northern Michigan restaurants: Myles Anton of Trattoria Stella in Traverse City, the Walloon Lake Inn's David Beier and Matthew Bugera of the New York in Harbor Springs.Kids Up North: Where to Get the Christmas Tree
From Petoskey to Traverse City, a sampler of Christmas tree farms that turn the tradition into an event.Kids Up North: Santa Sightings in Northern Michigan
Santa loves Northern Michigan: Here's where and when to find him when he's in Petoskey, Traverse City, Harbor Springs, Bay Harbor and Cross Village.Guide to a Scenic Michigan Getaway: M-119 Tunnel of Trees in Harbor Springs
Guide to M-119 Tunnel of Trees, a premiere Michigan attraction, including Northern Michigan restaurants, shopping, lodging from Petoskey to Harbor Springs.Kids Up North: Family Barn Dance in Harbor Springs
Hitch up the wagons on Friday, October 1, 2010, and head to the monthly barn dance at Pond Hill Farm, north of Harbor Springs.


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The winter season, staff on leave and a drought of locums has created the perfect storm of a GP shortage in a Taupo practice
The Ministry of Health supported targeting high-needs subsidies to individuals, but told the minister a review of base capitation funding would be a more robust approach
IN PRINT: This month heralds a new chapter for a Dunedin solo practice after major renovations and a return to independent ownership
The NZMA wants to see less emphasis on commercial benefits and more weight given to health services in the proposed New Zealand Health Research Strategy
An Auckland pharmacist who fraudulently claimed more than $150,000 in dispensing subsidies has been suspended
The public might not know it, but the accidents and emergencies they suffer in the large swathe of rural New Zealand soak up a huge amount of human and financial commitment. Southern correspondent Liane Topham-Kindley takes a look at the rural sector's PRIME, a service now under review.
Michael Howard journeys down the decades of government support of primary care and argues pressures today require a response
The end of life is something we all face, but expectations around dying are changing within and outside general practice. Fiona Thomas finds out where the GP fits in palliative care
This month heralds a new chapter for a Dunedin solo practice after major renovations and a return to independent ownership
Despite a lot of negativity about corporate ownership of general practice, Kerikeri GP Chris Reid reports a positive experience since his medical centre sold to Green Cross Health, six years ago
Liane Topham-Kindley finds a locum whose roaming days are over as he sets up a solo practice in Cromwell
It was a restless night for NZMA chair Stephen Child as he slept rough in the centre of Auckland earlier this month
Renowned sportsman and sports medicine specialist Dave Gerrard talks of his life and career and what health challenges doctors and athletes can expect to face in Rio [podcast: 15.37 mins]
Wellington GP Emma Dunning considers what can be done for increasing numbers of people whose jobs are making them ill
Cultural competence, partnership and health equity have this year become one of the Medical Council's strategic driections. Andrew Connolly explains
Wellington GP Emma Dunning want her practice to be a happy place for kids coming to visit, but she's on a mission to deal to their freeloaders, the bugs that join in playtime at the practice toy box
Waitemata CardiologyTrusted heart specialists on the North Shore for 17 years Contemporary, comprehensive cardiology care for adults and children
Royal Flying Doctor ServiceFlying Doctor Positions Available
The College of Medical HypnosisHYPNOSIS + CBT training courses
MedicusDoctors Supporting Doctors NZ Governance – Surety of Cover
Twizel Medical CenterDOCTORS...... Are you sick of the city traffic? Want to escape the treadmill?
theDoctors NapeirWe are currently seeking GPs for The Doctors – Napier.
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Lelo Ina 2 Luxury Rechargeable Rabbit Vibrator
Average customer review 4.5 out of 5 stars28 reviews
The Ina 2 has got the recipe for boundless pleasure nailed. With 100% more power and greater flexibility and functions than the original, Lelo's highly prized offering is set to satisfy you both inside and out for blended orgasms aplenty.
Only: £119.99
Product Description
The Ina 2 has got the recipe for boundless pleasure nailed. With 100% more power and greater flexibility and functions than the original, Lelo's highly prized offering is set to satisfy you both inside and out for blended orgasms aplenty.
Its sleek, finely tuned silicone body is curved to target your clitoris and its widened shaft has been extended for deeper G-spot stimulation for incredible dual orgasms.
Controlled with intuitive LED buttons, Ina 2 boasts 8 individually adjustable modes of vibration, including 3 speeds and 5 patterns. Choose from low, alternating shudders or opt for higher intensity with incredibly powerful single speed settings to customise your pleasure.
Seamless and smooth, Ina's soft silicone form is best used with generous splashes of your favourite water-based lubricant for enhanced pleasure.
Lelo Ina 2 Luxury Rechargeable Rabbit Vibrator Vital Stats: Ears: 3 speeds, 5 patterns, 8 levels of intensity. Shaft: 3 speeds, 5 patterns, 8 levels of intensity
Key Features:
- Luxury rechargeable rabbit vibrator for blended orgasmic stimulation
- 8 individually adjustable modes including 3 speeds and 5 patterns
- Tapered, bulbous shaft is easy to insert and offers precise internal massage
- Rounded external stimulator focuses vibrations straight to your clitoris
- 100% more power than the original Ina for 100% more pleasure
- Whisper-quiet waterproof motors enable discreet playtime anywhere you please
- Travel-lock for worry-free transport and storage
- Includes satin storage bag, charger, sachet of personal moisturiser and 10-year warranty
How it measures up
- Length: 8 inches
- Insertable Length: 3.75 inches
- Circumference: 4.5 inches
- Base diameter: 1.4
How it feels
- Material: Silicone
- Flexibility: Firm
- Waterproof: Submersible
- Contains latex: No
- Contains phthalates: No
Power and speed
- Controller Type: Built in - push button
- Vibration speed: Speeds and patterns
- Power Type: Rechargeable
- Duration: 240 minutes
Product Videos
Lelo Ina 2 Luxury Rechargeable Rabbit Vibrator
To watch videos, you need Version 9 or greater of the Flash Player. Click here to see which Flash Version you have. If you have Version 8 or less, get the latest Flash Player here.
Enhance your solo sessions with the new Lelo Ina 2, a perfectly curved and contoured rabbit vibrator made from exquisite silicone. Sleek and stylish, this rechargeable luxury vibrator means you'll never need another battery again. Boasting 100% more power than the original, Ina 2 offers greater flexibility, more functions and more intense orgasms than ever before.
Buyer's Guide: Rabbit Vibrators Explained
To watch videos, you need Version 9 or greater of the Flash Player. Click here to see which Flash Version you have. If you have Version 8 or less, get the latest Flash Player here.
Rabbit vibrators are the most famous of sex toys, and with these hints and tips, you'll soon be confident that you know exactly how to use a rabbit vibrator to its fullest - and most satisfying - potential. Read more: How to Use a Rabbit Vibrator.
Rabbit Vibrator Help and Advice
Buy the best rabbit vibrator for you and learn how to get the most out of your new vibe with our sex toy guides.
Sex Toys Guides > Vibrators Guides > Which is the Best Rabbit Vibrator?
Sex Toys Guides > Vibrators Guides > How to Use a Rabbit Vibrator
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Customer Reviews
Lelo Ina 2 Luxury Rechargeable Rabbit Vibrator 28 4.5 out of 5 stars
See all 28 customer reviewsOrder by:Write your own review
- 5 star
- 20
- 4 star
- 1
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- 7
- 2 star
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Lelo Ina 2 Luxury Rechargeable Rabbit Vibrator
Only: £119.99
Love it
Reviewed: 02 October 2015 by SexyK83, a Bisexual Married Female
I absolutely love this toy.
Yes it's a bit pricy but it's extremely worth the price I promise.
How many times do you get to the point where you're just fixing to get off and your batteries die in your toy? Yep not with this toy because it can last 2 hours running continuously. I charge mine every couple months. Yes I said months!
It's completely waterproof and extremely soft. The big part goes up and down like a finger motion which gets you off with your G-spot also while having your clit vibrated. It has a bunch of different speeds and options to turn off the clit vibrator as well as turning off the vibration of the actual vibrator you also have the option of turning off the up and down motion as well.
This vibrator is a must have and is completely guaranteed for 10 years. Please do yourself and your intimate parts a favour and get this vibrator!
- Pros
- I love the up and down motion with the clit stimulation.
- Cons
- There is nothing about it I don't like.
- Bottom line
- I give it a 10 out of 10
- Was this review helpful to you? Yes
Out of this world
Reviewed: 03 March 2015 by ghirahim554, a Straight Going Steady Male
With this rabbit, you definitely get much more bang for your buck, if you'll excuse the pun. The vibrator looks sleek and sexy, and it definitely lives up to its looks. The vibrations are extremely intense, and bring my OH to orgasm oh-so quickly. The controls are very easy to use - much easier than a lot of other rabbits we have tried. Furthermore, the shape of the rabbit ears is very good - they're different from most rabbit vibrators, which normally go for two ear-like structures, but we find these rabbit ears to be much nicer. The only downside to the product would have to be the price, as it is very expensive.
- Pros
- Extra-strong vibrations. Great controls. Great-shaped rabbit ears.
- Cons
- Expensive.
- Bottom line
- Amazing!
- Was this review helpful to you? Yes
Order by:
New Best Friend
Reviewed: 09 August 2014 by AlexiaRose, a Bisexual Single Female
I tried few toys in my life and so far nothing can compare to this baby. Rechargeable, waterproof, flexible, silky smooth, perfect curve and size.
It's relatively quiet, you have a large range of speed and each side is independent. Stimulate both the clitoris and the G-spot. It cost more than your usual toy but with this one you won't need any other vibrator.
With this toy I can achieve orgasm in less than five minutes, multiple orgasm and both clitoral and vaginal orgasm.
- Pros
- Safe, smooth and easy to clean. Shape and size are really good. Waterproof, 8 speeds.
- Cons
- I can't find anything bad except maybe that it's a little expensive.
- Bottom line
- My new best friend. You won't regret it. Your orgasms will be amazing.
- 1 person found this review helpful. Was this review helpful to you? Yes
- Newest
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- Rating
See all 28 Lelo Ina 2 Luxury Rechargeable Rabbit Vibrator reviews…


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how effective would the lighter heavyweights be today?
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Bummy Davis
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Location: New York
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Re: how effective would the lighter heavyweights be today?
Originally Posted by
Tyson was 200 pounds at age 13. He was naturally that size, no lifting, no space age training, probably living on fast food and government cheese. From pictures of a young Tua, the same seems to be the case. Their muscle mass was natural and not fabricated or even overly encouraged.
In Marciano, we are talking about re-constructing a physique of an athlete in his mid-20's. It's just a different story.
Tyson was a short heavyset kid but remember he participated in the Olympics in the under 200lb weight limit and where he lost in the box-offs to Henry Tillman...Cus had him in training at a very young age and brain washed him that he was going to be heavyweight Champion of the world, Tyson always had power but Cus gave him belief.....but he did fight in the under 200 class trying to get into the OLYMPICS
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The Storm Report Rewind for June 2
In 1917 – The temperature at Tribune, Kansas, dipped to 30 degrees to establish a state record for the month of June.
In 1949 – A tornado northeast of Alfalfa, Oklahoma, circled an area one mile in radius.
In 1985 – Lightning struck a house, broke a bedroom window, and missed striking a metal frame bed. A man was killed but his wife was unharmed by the lightning.


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5.0 / 5 Reviews
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Laura Mercier Crème Smooth Lip Colour, the ultimate luxe lipstick.
This gorgeous lipstick envelops lips in rich colour with a semi-lustrous finish. Available in over 30 shades, there is a Laura Mercier Crème Smooth Lip Colour fit for any skin tone and any look!
Long-wearing and lightweight, the Laura Mercier Crème Smooth Lip Colour contains Jojoba Wax for smooth application, Pure Olive Oil & Vitamin E to nourish and condition lips and Hyaluronic Filling Spheres to plump up fine lines and wrinkles, visibly smoothing and repairing lips over time.
Treat your lips to a luxurious treatment lipstick with rich, pigmented colour, Laura Mercier Crème Smooth Lip Colour.
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I'm new to lipsticks so don't have that much to compare with, but I absolutely love this range and like a previous reviewer, can't wait to place another order as an excuse to expand the collection. Goes on smooth and creamy with a lovely bright, radiant colour. One light layer with give you a splash of colour, two will give you a dramatic coloured pout which lasts the distance.
Seriously, don't bother buying any other lipstick ever again. Laura Mercier Crème Smooth will change your life. The colour lasts forever, feels amazing on, and is such a good price considering a little goes a long way (as you don't need to reapply!)
Seriously, Best. Lipstick. Ever.
On my highly pigmented lips, Mango looks like a bright coral colour with more of a pink tone than peach, it's a little difficult to explain but it looks great! More of a night look than day.
Glides on the lips and the colour payoff is amazing, you don't need to layer it on to get a vibrant pop of colour.
Lasts for half the day before it needs to be re-applied (I do prime my lips though).
Will definitely be purchasing this lipstick in more colours!
I am totally in love with these lipsticks. They go on smooth, last well and have really vibrant colours that mean you only need one swipe and you're good to go. After the first one I bought I ended up buying another five! Will definitely be buying more in future.
Love these - get so many compliments when I am wearing them - especially the "Haute Red". Wore it to work and had someone stop me halfway through a meeting to tell me that they couldn't stop looking at my lips and wanted to know what it was I was wearing! Am now looking for excuses to order from Adore so I can pop another one of these into my shopping bag
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Tucson lawmaker: Limit size of ammunition clips
PHOENIX — A Democratic state senator called Thursday for Arizona to ban ammunition clips that hold more than 10 rounds, saying they enable rampages like the ones in Newtown, Conn., Aurora, Colo., and her hometown of Tucson.
"After Sandy Hook, we said that was enough," Linda Lopez said. "Those 20 children who were killed there, that was the minority compared to the number of children who die every year because of gun violence."
At a news conference, Lopez said she also will propose legislation to require background checks for all gun sales and to repeal a state law requiring law enforcement to sell confiscated guns to licensed dealers.
"This problem is multifaceted, but we do have to start somewhere," she said.
Lopez said she was working on the bills, which have yet to be introduced, with the nonprofit Arizonans for Gun Safety.
That group's founder, Geraldine Hills, urged lawmakers to look beyond issues of gun rights and gun control to better protect citizens.
"This is not and should not be a partisan issue," Hills said.
Lopez's proposal comes two years after Jared Lee Loughner used a 30-round clip to shoot U.S. Rep. Gabrielle Giffords and 18 others, six of whom died, at a Tucson-area Safeway supermarket. Loughner, who was later diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, was sentenced to life in prison after pleading guilty in an agreement with prosecutors.
"We can't just blame the mentally ill for this," Lopez said.
Besides restricting the size of ammunition clips, Lopez said Arizona needs to require universal background checks for all gun purchasers. That would expand the requirement to include purchases at gun shows and from unlicensed parties.
Rep. Chad Campbell, D-Phoenix, the House minority leader, also proposed universal background checks Wednesday when he announced plans for bills to address gun violence.
Lopez also wants to repeal a 2012 law requiring law enforcement agencies to sell or auction weapons used in crimes to licensed gun dealers within one year of seizure.
A call to Mike Phillipsen, a spokesman for the Senate Republican majority, seeking comment on Lopez's plan wasn't returned by late Thursday afternoon.
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