text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 9, 1976
|Filing date
|Oct 12, 1973
|Priority date
|Jun 2, 1971
|Publication number
|Jacques Ratte, Jean Bigras
|Original Assignee
|Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defense
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (11), Classifications (13)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a division of applicants' co-pending application Ser. No. 149,303, filed June 2, 1971, and now abandoned and is related to divisional application Ser. No. 406,046 filed Oct. 12, 1973, and now Pat. No. 3,872,205.
The present invention relates to a flexible sheet insulant and in particular the present invention relates to an improved flexible sheet insulant used in a rocket motor containing a case-bonded solid rocket propellant. The insulant is easily applied without intermediate adhesive or linear coat on the metal or propellant side; it retains self-adhesive properties for long periods when stored at temperatures lower than 40°F before installation and has resistance to erosion at high temperatures from the combustion products during the firing of the rocket motor. The present invention also relates to a rocket motor containing said insulant bonded to the metallic wall of the casing of the rocket motor and also the said propellant. The present invention also includes the method of preparing said insulant.
The majority of modern composite propellant for rocket motors are cast directly into the case as a polymerizing paste and are cured in place. The metal parts exposed to hot gases during firing of the propellant are protected by an insulant or an arrangement of insulating materials which insulant also besides protecting the casing, bonds the propellant grain to the metallic wall of the casing. Thus the insulant is bonded to the propellant grain and is also bonded to the case wall.
In order to be an adequate insulant for the particular rocket motor, the insulant must be able to withstand the storage and firing conditions to which the rocket motor will be subjected, and in particular to withstand the various stresses and strains which occur under such conditions.
In particular, with respect to the storage conditions, rocket motors may be stored at temperatures anywhere in the range of -65°F to 160°F and when the propellant grain is cooled below its curing temperature, severe stresses are created at the interfaces, casing-insulant and insulant-propellant, because of the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion in the casing material and the propellant. Typical rough treatment to which a rocket motor may be exposed are for example: (a) storage for two or three days at -50°F with a quick heating up to 140°F and firing at the same temperature; (b) a rocket motor may be cycled between two extreme temperatures three or four times within a week and fired at a low or a high temperature; and (c) the motor may be stored at 140°F for four months and then fired at -50°F. Thus it will be readily seen from the above examples that the range of temperatures and the time of exposure at given temperatures and the rate at which the temperature changes will present great stresses and strains upon the insulant, the insulant must be able to withstand such stresses and strains and at the same time protect the casing wall from the combustion gases during firing and maintain a good bond between the casing wall and the propellant.
In addition to storage under very varied conditions, rocket motors may also be fired within a wide band of temperature ranges. Thus, the insulant must retain sufficient bonding and mechanical properties over the temperature ranges to compensate for various stresses created by fast pressurization during ignition and also by the acceleration forces and vibrations during flight. Further, the severity of the firing conditions varies with the particular thrust-time program required from a propellant grain bonded to the metallic wall of the case. The three basic thrust-time program are (a) the progressive thrust-time program, (b) the neutral thrust-time program and (c) the regressive thrust-time program. With progressive and neutral burning grains, the propellant acts like an efficient insulant throughout most of the combustion process and when the flame front reaches the case wall, there is very little propellant left in the combustion chamber. Thus, theoretically, progressive and neutral burning grains do not require a very elaborate insulation between them and the case wall. However, in certain rocket motors, special attention must be given to the nozzle end insulation particularly when the length to diameter ratio of the motor is high, for example greater than about 10:1. This is because the burning rate of the propellant grain is increased over its normal value when high velocity gases flow over the grain, i.e. erosive burning takes place. This effect is obviously more pronounced when the length to diameter ratio of the rocket motor is high. With the regressive burning grain, the exposure of the insulant to hot combustion products may occur very early during the firing sequence, and when this effect is combined with the propellant erosion at the nozzle end and also the very high flame temperature of formulations highly loaded with solids, the insulant is subjected to extremely severe firing conditions.
The insulant constitutes "dead weight" in the rockets in that it is an inert non-burning material. It is also desirable to keep the amount of dead-weight materials, such as the metal casing, the insulant and the restrictor which do not contribute to the propulsive performance of the rocket, to a minimum in order to make available more room for rocket propellant in the same motor casing. Further, the insulant should have a low thermal conductivity, good resistance to erosion of high velocity of gases, and good charring characteristics as pointed out in a paper entitled "Plastics as Heat Insulators in Rocket Motors", by Walter C. Hourt, Ind. and Eng. Chem., Vol. 52, No. 9, September 1960.
Heretofore insulants used in rocket motors containing case-bonded solid rocket propellants have fallen into two general classes, namely rigid insulants and flexible insulants.
Rigid insulants have low elongations of less than about 1% and are usually made of thermosetting resins with approximately 50% by weight of reinforcing materials and filler. They are normally preformed and are bonded to the inside wall of the case and cured in place with a resin coating. They are installed in locations exposed to severe firing conditions as heretofore referred. A typical rigid insulant used heretofore is one comprising 25-50% by weight of asbestos felt impregnated with 50-75% by weight of a phenolic resin. Another such rigid insulant is an epoxy resin containing 20-25% by weight of mica powder. Another such insulant is Novabestos paper impregnated with a phenolic or epoxy resin. However, with such rigid insulants, accumulation of stresses takes place at the propellant-insulant interface during temperature cycling and bond failure is likely to occur when motors are exposed to large variations in temperature. Further, the rigid insulants are not completely compatible with the propellants, for example, a polybutadiene propellant is not usually compatible with a phenolic resin-based insulant and bond failure is quite likely upon aging during storage. Again, an adhesive is required to glue the preformed insulant to the motor case and curing must take place at high temperature and high pressure, thus requiring expensive tooling and equipment.
The flexible insulants are usually elastomer-based with a low solids content and insure high elongations over the entire surface temperature range of the rocket motor. The elastomer is commonly a similar type to the propellant binder which improves the compatibility and the flexible insulants are used to take account of the severe storage conditions, to minimize the accumulation of stresses at the insulant-propellant interface and therefore to prevent bond failure between the propellant grain and the case. A typical flexible insulant is one formed from a carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene supplied under the trademark "HC Polymer 434" by Thiokol Chemical Corporation, containing a tris(2-methylazaridinyl)-phosphine oxide curing agent (MAPO) and a trifunctional epoxide curing agent (ERLA 0500) as well as a thixotropic agent (Thixcin E) and iron octasol (metal salt of 2-ethylhexoic acid) as catalyst and containing asbestos floats as filler to give good flame resistance and low thermal conductivity. A typical formulation is as follows:
Formulation pbw______________________________________HC Polymer 434 84.20MAPO 2.22ERLA-0500 1.78Asbestos Floats 10.30Thixcin E 1.00Iron Octasol 0.50______________________________________
Another such flexible insulant is a heat-resistant mica powder dispersed in a polyurethane binder and having the following composition:
Ingredients % by Weight______________________________________Niax Diol*(PPG-2025) 52.3Niax Triol**(LHT-112) 6.82,4 Tolylene Diisocyanate 6.1Di-2-ethylhexyl azelate 3.3Ferric Acetyl Acetonate 0.2Mica Powder 31.3______________________________________ *Polypropylene glycol molecular weight about 2025 **Polymer triol molecular weight about 1500
Ingredients % by Weight______________________________________Niax Diol*(PPG-2025) 52.3Niax Triol**(LHT-112) 6.82,4 Tolylene Diisocyanate 6.1Di-2-ethylhexyl azelate 3.3Ferric Acetyl Acetonate 0.2Mica Powder 31.3______________________________________ *Polypropylene glycol molecular weight about 2025 **Polymer triol molecular weight about 1500
The flexible insulants are usually applied to the inside wall of the casing of the rocket motor as a low viscosity slurry. Their solids content is relatively low, and as a result their resistance to erosion at high temperature is substantially lower than that of rigid insulants. the common technique for the application of flexible insulants are by spinning and jet spraying. Spinning is the more economical, but a severe penalty is paid to the performance of the rocket in terms of dead weight as the unrequired insulant flows into the lowest spot of the wall of the casing during centrifugation. This is somewhat compensated for by a more uniform propellant web as a result of smoothing the imperfections (bow and ovality) of the thin-walled case, but the compensation is insufficient to make up for the aforesaid penalty. Alternatively, spraying is useful when an even layer of insulant is required, but this has many limitations in that it involves complicated equipment resulting in frequent shutdowns, poor proportioning of ingredients, slow speed and sometimes high solvent content with increased fire and health hazard.
When both severe firing and severe storage conditions are simultaneously encountered, neither the flexible or rigid insulant is entirely satisfactory and a combination of rigid and flexible insulants is often used, the insulants being applied in different areas. Thus, the casing is protected by the thickness of the propellant plus the flexible insulant, while the ends of the casing which becomes more and more exposed to flame and combustion products during combustion, need additional protections and thus are coated with the rigid insulant.
The present invention provides a composition for use as a flexible insulant in a rocket motor containing a case-bonded solid rocket propellant which is simple and inexpensive to prepare and apply: a dough is rolled into a sheet which is molded into the rocket motor casing, by a simple technique and which bonds directly to the casing of the rocket motor and to the propellant. Further, the composition of the present invention forms a flexible insulant with the attendant advantages of flexible insulants when subjected to severe firing and storage conditions. The said composition has improved erosion resistance to high temperature combustion gases formed from the solid propellant such that it may be applied completely over the inside wall of the casing and provide good insulation irrespective of the conditions of storage and firing.
It has now been found according to the present invention that by incorporation into the curable elastomeric polymer binder of a flexible insulant of substantially increased amounts of fire resistant siliceous reinforcing filler in an amount of 50-80% by weight in which filler at least 50% by weight of the filler is in the form of fibers, that the insulant obtained has substantially all the advantages and properties of the flexible insulant with substantially improved resistance to erosion by hot temperature gases produced by the combustion of the propellant. This insulant can be simply formulated into the form of a dough which can be either stored at low temperature with good shelf life properties, or can be molded into the casing of the rocket motor and readily bonded to the metallic wall, e.g. steel wall of the rocket casing and in a preferred embodiment thereof, is readily bondable to the rocket propellant without the use of adhesives.
The present invention thus provides in a composition for use as a flexible insulant in a rocket motor containing a case-bonded solid rocket propellant, said composition comprising a curable elastomeric polymer binder and a fire resistant siliceous reinforcing filler, the improvement in which said filler is present in an amount of from 50-80% by weight of said composition, at least 50% by weight of said filler being in the form of fibers. e form of fibers.
The present invention also includes in a rocket motor comprising a case-bonded solid rocket propellant cast in a rocket motor casing and bonded to the inside wall of said rocket motor casing by means of an insulant comprising a curable elastomeric polymeric binder and a fire-resistant reinforcing siliceous filler dispersed therein, the improvement in which the filler is present in an amount of from 50-80% by weight of said composition, at least 50% by weight of said filler being in the form of fibers.
It is critical to the present invention that the flexible insulant have a high solids content in the range from about 50% to 80% by weight of the composition as opposed to the conventional flexible insulants which have a low solids content of 10 to 35% by weight. Thus below about 50% by weight, the erosive resistance of the insulant to the hot gases produced by combustion of the rocket propellant is sufficiently low as to be not particularly useful in the areas of the rocket casing subjected to such erosion. Further, processing of the composition to produce the sheet becomes elaborate, the baking time of the premix is substantially increased and the rolling time is substantially increased. While a higher amount of catalyst in the curable binder will substantially reduce the aforesaid processing problems, the shelf life of the sheet even at low temperatures is substantially reduced. Above 80% solids content, the solids will not be properly wetted by the binder, and the finished product will have poor elongation properties tending to form a rigid insulant, so that the shelf life of the sheet produced in the process of the present invention will be very short with the result that the period during which good adhesion can be achieved between the insulant and the casing wall on the one hand and the insulant and the propellant grain on the other hand will be greatly reduced. Thus, the 50-80% concentration of the filler is a compromise between conflicting requirements such as the processing method of preparing the sheet for forming the insulant, the mechanical properties of the insulant, the shelf life of the sheet insulant, the adhesion of the insulant with the casing wall on the one hand and the propellant on the other, the erosive resistance of the insulant to high temperature gases produced by combustion of the propellant and the cost of producing the insulant.
The siliceous reinforcing filler of which at least 50% by weight is in the form of fibers, preferably asbestos fibers, acts as a heat resistant material to provide sufficiently low thermal conductivity in the insulant and to reinforce the binder for better ablative resistance, i.e. erosive resistance of the insulant to high temperature gases produced by combustion of the solid propellant grain. The fibers can form substantially all of the filler material producing a flexible insulant of high modulus, but the substition of part of the fibers e.g. asbestos fibers, by siliceous powder, e.g. asbestos floats (powder) improves the rolling and molding characteristics of the sheet material obtained from the process of the present invention without greatly reducing the flexible modulus of the insulant. Preferably, the filler material contains 20-50% by weight of the siliceous filler in the form of a powder. However, those siliceous materials with asbestos fibers and floats are preferred. For example, with other siliceous materials such as diatomaceous silica, the bonding of the insulant to the metallic surfaces is weaker and the insulant exhibits slightly inferior erosion resistance when compared with insulants reinforced with asbestos fibers and floats. The asbestos fibers are desirably in the form of semi-open fibers i.e. subdivided or fiberized form. As compared with unopen fiber bundles, they produce a sheet with a smoother finish and a better fiber dispersion. The length of the asbestos fibers is suitably less than one-half inch and preferably the majority of the fibers are not finer than 0.053 inch in length.
The curable elastomeric polymeric binder may be any binder which has heretofore been used for flexible insulant. Suitably, the polymeric binder is the same as the binder used in the solid castable propellant forming the rocket motor as it is found that the compatibility of the insulant with the propellant is important in that the bond, between the insulant and the propellant having the same elastomeric binder, is extremely good and as such there is not necessity for any intermediate liner to improve the bonding between the propellant grain and the insulant.
The elastomeric binder according to one embodiment of the present invention, in view of the use of telechelic polymers as the binder for the propellant grain, is preferably a telechelic polymer. The term "telechelic polymer" as used herein is as set forth in for example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,281,335 issued Oct. 25, 1966, to C. A. Wentz and E. E. Hopper as well as an article by the same authors entitled "Process for the Production and Purification of Carboxytelechelic Polymers" pages 209-211 of I. & E. C. Product Research and Development, Vol. 6, No. 4, December 1967. In these references telechelic polymers are defined as polymers which are produced by the polymerization of vinylidene containing monomers having reactive groups in each end of the polymer molecule. The telechelic polymer is suitably a polybutadiene and in a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene desirably rich in cis isomer such as that supplied under the trademark "HC 434" by Thiokol Chemical Corporation. However, with the recent advent of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene binders in solid rocket propellants such as is disclosed in Canadian Patent Application No. 065,102 filed Oct. 17, 1969, Boivin et al. the telechelic polymer may be a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene. Thus a particular curable polymeric binder composition which may be mentioned comprises a carboxy-terminated polybutadiene such as that supplied under the trademark HC 434 by Thiokol Chemical Corporation, a tri-functional epoxide curing agent such as that supplied under the trademark "ERLA-0510" by Union Carbide and iron Octasol as curing catalyst. Thus, a particular dough composition produced by the process of the present invention comprises between 20 and 33% by weight of the carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene, 1 to 1.7% of the tri-functional epoxide, iron Octasol suitably in an amount from 1 part per 5 parts of tri-functional epoxide and the remainder comprising asbestos fibers and floats, the ratio of fibers to floats being desirably in the range 3:1 and the ratio of curing epoxide to polymer being in an equivalent ratio of 1:1. The preferred insulant formulation comprises by weight percent HC-434 polymer 28.2, ERLA-0510 1.5, iron Octasol 0.3, asbestos fibers 52.5 and asbestos floats 17.5.
The present invention also includes a method of preparing a partially cured composition in the form of a sheet for use as a flexible insulant in a rocket motor containing a case-bonded solid rocket propellant. The method comprises admixing the curable elastomeric polymer binder with from 50-80% by weight of the total composition of the siliceous heat-resistant reinforcing filler at least 50% of which is in the form of fibers, partially curing the mixing ingredients to a dough consistency required for rolling and rolling said partially cured dough into said sheet. The partially cured sheet may then be pressed around the inside walls of a rocket motor casing to effect molding and bonding between said sheet and said wall and the castable rocket propellant is then introduced into the casing and the propellant and insulant fully cured thereby effecting a bond between the insulant and the propellant.
Thus, in a particular embodiment of the present invention, for preparing the preferred partially cured dough composition using a carboxy-terminated polybutadiene polymer the ingredients are mixed suitably in a sigma-blade mixer for about 30 minutes at about 140°F, the resulting dough is placed in plastic bags and further partially cured at about 160°F for about two hours, the further partially cured dough is then fed to a differential speed rolling mill and rolled for about five minutes which operation provides a more homogeneous sheet and the cylinders of the differential mill are kept at a temperature lower than about 100°F. This sheet is then fed to a finishing even speed mill from where a sheet of uniform thickness is obtained and once more the temperature of the cylinders of the mill should not exceed about 100°F. In this way, a roll formed sheet material ranging from 0.020 to 0.125 inches in thickness has been prepared and at this stage the partially cured roll formed sheet can be immediately installed in a rocket motor as insulant or stored in sealed plastic bags at a temperature lower than 40°F. When the sheet is installed in a rocket motor, this molding and bonding of the sheet into the rocket motor is accomplished by using a rubber bag which is pressurized to about 120 psi for about two hours in an oven set at about 140°F. After that period, the casing having the partially cured insulant bonded thereto is directed to the casting house where the rocket propellant is cast directly on the insulant surface and no adhesive is necessary at bonding time or casting time. When using a sheet that has been stored for a certain length of time at a temperature lower than 40°F it is allowed to reach room temperature before opening the sealed plastic bag, the molding and bonding operation proceeding in the same manner as described above.
It will be realized that upon the installation of a rigid insulant in a rocket motor casing, the insulant does not match the imperfections in the casing, and usually an adhesive is required to fill the gaps. In addition a fully vulcanized material, whether it is rigid or flexible, is not self-adhesive to the metal or propellant. However, in contrast thereto, with the roll formed (RF) insulant of the present invention, the sheets are allowed to cure just enough to permit the rolling operation and no more so that at the molding and bonding stages they are partially cured material. Storing the material at low temperatures slows down its polymerization rate and allows delayed molding and bonding operations. The bonding operation consists as aforesaid in pressing the insulant against the metal wall at abount 120 psi for two hours at about 140°F. At this stage the insulant is not yet fully cured and the propellant is dumped into the insulant casing and full curing of the assembly is accomplished during the propellant normal curing cycle.
The sheet compositions of the present invention have a good shelf life, i.e. retain their self-adhesive properties when stored at temperatures lower than 40°F before their installation in rocket motors.
The present invention will be further illustrated by way of the following Examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a plot of the tensile stress at failure between the insulant and the metallic surface for insulants of various solids content when stored at room temperature for a period of time (75°F);
FIG. 2 is a plot of the tensile stress at failure between the insulant and the metallic surface for a particular insulant stored at 75°F, 40°F, and 5°F, for a period of time;
FIG. 3 is a plot of the tensile stress at failure between the insulant and the metallic surface according to the molding pressure;
FIG. 4 is a plot of the tensile stress at failure between the insulant and the metallic surface according to the pressurization period;
FIG. 5 is a plot of thermal conductivity of the insulant with solids load;
FIG. 6 is a plot of density of insulant with its solid content; and
FIG. 7 is a plot of variations in density of the insulant with thickness and with molding.
A dough for use as an insulant in a rocket motor containing a solid rocket propellant containing a carboxy-terminated polybutadiene binder was prepared from the following ingredients.
A liquid carboxy-terminated polybutadiene polymer supplied under the trademark HC-434 containing 2% of phenyl-betanaphthylamine as antioxidant.
A trifunctional epoxide curing agent supplied under the trademark ERLA-1510.
An iron Octasol as catalyst.
A reinforcing filler consisting of 3 parts of asbestos reinforcing fibers (Johns-Manville Grade 3Z12) and one part of asbestos floats (Johns-Manville Grade 7TF1). The fiber length distribution of the fibers determined according to the Quebec Standard Screen Test is shown in Table I below.
TABLE I______________________________________Screen Weight (oz)______________________________________1/2 in. screen (0.500 in.) 14 mesh (0.187 in.) 910 Mesh (0.053 in.) 4Bottom Pan 2______________________________________
Before formulation, the HC-434 polymer was dehydrated in a glass-lined reactor for four hours at 190°F and an absolute pressure of 5 mm. of mercury, a maximum of 0.025% being the accepted moisture level. The polymer was preheated to 140°F to reduce its viscosity and to facilitate handling. The curing epoxide was stored at 55°-60°F and handled at room temperature. The catalyst is stored and handled at room temperature. The asbestos floats were dehydrated in an atmospheric pressure oven at 300°F for 24 hours. The asbestos fibers were used as received without any treatment.
The liquid phase consisted of 94.10% of HC-434, 4.90% of ERLA-1510, and 1% of iron Octasol and the solid phase consisted of 75% fibers and 25% floats and the ingredients were mixed by the method hereinafter described in such proportions as to produce three separate insulant dough formulations numbered 1899, 1889 and 1875 as set forth in Table II.
TABLE II______________________________________Ingredient Specification No. 1899 1889 1875______________________________________Elastomeric binder 40 30 20Asbestos Fibers 45 52.5 60J. M. Grade 3Z12Asbestos Floats 15 17.5 20J. M. Grade 7TF1______________________________________
The preliminary mixing of fibers, floats and elastomeric liquid composition was accomplished in a sigma-blade mixer at 25 rpm. which mixer was preheated to 140°F and maintained at that temperature throughout the mixing period. In the mixing, the polymer was first introduced followed by the curing agent and the catalyst and the mixing of the liquid ingredients proceeded for 5 minutes. The fibers and floats were then added to the binder in small increments, the wetting and dispersion of all solids being accomplished over a period of 20 minutes and the resulting elastomeric impregnated mass or dough was fairly stiff and was recovered from the mixer by simply reversing the blade action. To be able to proceed with success through the first milling operation, the dough must reach an optimum consistency and for example particularly for the insulant formulation No. 1889 the dough was more easily rolled after a two hour partial curing at 160°F and all the doughs were subjected to such treatment.
The partially cured dough was then further mixed and converted into a blanket on a differential speed roller mill, the slow speed and high speed of the rolls of the 14 inch diameter by 30 inch wide mill being maintained at 5 and 6 rpm. respectively during the production of the dough. These relatively low speeds minimize the work generated heat during rolling and the rolls were cooled at below 100°F by cold water circulation. A homogeneous and smooth blanket was produced which adhered to the fast roll within a two-minute rolling cycle or a total of ten passes through the mill. The sheet was then fed to a final sheeting mill which was an 8 inch diameter by 16 inch wide mill with two rolls turning at an even speed of 8 rpm. and the rolls were cooled and the speed was kept low as with the previous mill to avoid excessive heat. The sheet was passed through the mill in five passes to yield a homogeneous smooth flexible sheet in thickness varying from 0.20 to 0.126 inches and a width of 13 inches and were cut in 40 or 48 inch lengths, placed in polyethylene bags and stored at 40°F, or sent directly to mold and bond into the steel casing of a rocket motor for containing a case-bonded solid rocket propellant. For installation into the rocket motor casing, the material whether previously stored or used directly was at room temperature and when stored was not removed from the sealed polyethylene bag unit it reached room temperature to prevent moisture contamination. The material was trimmed to the motor dimensions, hand-rolled and inserted into the casing. The molding bag, before insertion into the rocket motor casing was completely wrapped in a 4 mil thick Teflon liner for easy removal and Teflon spacers were placed inside the end cap (or caps) before closing. An initial pressurization of 20 psi maximum for one or two minutes was first effected with a slow pressure rise to prevent air inclusion between the casing and the insulant. The bag was then pressurized to a final pressure of 120 psig and the pressure and molding and bonding operations then proceeded at an oven temperature of 140°F for two hours. After dismantling the bag from the motor casing, a visual inspection was carried out. The resulting transverse joint should be butt-ended and not overlapped and any air blisters were simply punctured and the pressure and heat reapplied for an additional 20 minutes. The insulated casing was then flushed with dry nitrogen, two bags of silica gel were placed inside the casing and the thread protectors and sealing caps are fitted. The insulated casing was now ready to be directed to storage or to the casting house for the casting of the solid rocket propellant. The carboxy-terminated polybutadiene propellant was then cast directly into the insulant without any additional surface treatment and was subjected to a standard curing time of 9 days at 140°F and at atmospheric pressure.
An important characteristic of the carboxy-terminated polybutadiene insulants of the present invention is that they are self-adherent to metal and to the carboxy terminated polybutadiene propellant without any intermediate adhesive either on the metal side or on the propellant side. The evaluation of the propellant case bonding is thus greatly simplified and it is sufficient to study the two interfaces metal-insulant and insulant-propellant or the assembly metal-insulant-propellant. Because the binders in the propellant and the insulant are of the same formulation, the bond between the insulant and the propellant does not pose any problem as long as the uncured propellant is not cast onto an insulant which has already been fully cured. The bond between the metal and the insulant is more critical and is directly related to the shelf life of the insulant. It should be noted that the insulant dough is polymerizing during its mixing, rolling, storage, and bag molding and is therefore chemically active until fully cured. Ideally, the full curing takes effect during the 9 day curing cycle of the propellant. The bond strength between the metal and the insulant was examined on 0.5 by 0.5 inch test blocks of mold steel normally machined without any other surface treatment except degreasing. The test specimens from the aforesaid dough rolled into sheets received the same treatment as the sheet material applied in the motor, namely a molding at 120 psig for two hours at 140°F followed by a standard curing cycle of nine days at 140°F and at atmospheric pressure. Failure tests were then carried out at 75°F. In a first series of tests, the specimens had been previously stored for varying periods of time at 75°F and the results obtained for the various doughs are given in FIG. 1. It will be seen that the tensile strength at failure of the metal insulant specimens decreases very quickly as the solids load is increased and further the shelf life of the material, i.e. the periods of time during which the material is stored at 75°F is approximately 50 days for the 1899 insulant containing 60% solids, 35 days for the 1889 insulant containing 70% solids, and only 2 days for the 1875 insulant containing 80% solids, each shelf life being based on a minimum bond of 120 psi, which corresponds approximately to the tensile strength value of the carboxy-terminated polybutadiene propellant formulation normally used in rockets at room temperature.
Further tests were carried out on the 70% solids 1889 insulant which had been stored at 40°F and 5°F and tested for failure stress at 75°F, the results being given in FIG. 2. It will be seen from FIG. 2 that the tensile stress value is consistently above 200 psi for materials stored at 40°F and at 5°F. The sheets stored at 40°F showed a shelf life of 340 days and the shelf life of the material stored at 5°F being substantially in excess of this time.
To determine the effect of molding pressure on the bond, similar tests were carried out on the insulant 1889 on the metallic test blocks using pressure ranging from 20-200 psig. The samples were assembled at room temperature and pressurized for one hour at 140°F and bonding and full curing proceeded at the same temperature and atmospheric pressure for nine days and after this period the assemblies were cooled to room temperature and tested for failure stress. One set of experiments was conducted on the material which had been stored at 40°F for 31/2 months. The results obtained are given in FIG. 3. It will be seen that in both samples the best bonding values were obtained with the samples pressurized to a minimum of 120 psig, the material stored over prolonged periods of 31/2 months not requiring a higher pressure to produce good bonding with the metal. The effect of pressurization period at 120 psig of bonding behavior between the insulant and the metal was also effected using the material 1889 aged for three months at 40°F prior to bonding, the pressurization period at 120 psig was varied from 1 to 16 hours before the normal curing period, of 9 days at 140°F and atmospheric pressure, started. The results obtained are given in FIG. 4. It will be seen from FIG. 4 that the pressurization period does not appreciably affect the bonding strength.
The thermal conductivity of the insulant was tested at 100°C on a Lees disc apparatus, the determinations being made on non-molded samples 0.100 inches thick. The effect of the solids load on thermal conductivity is shown in FIG. 5 and it will be seen that the 1899 insulant at 60% solids load, a thermal conductivity of 1.88 BTU (inch)/°F (hour) Ft.2 was obtained. When the solids load was changed to 70 and 80%, i.e. insulants 1889 and 1875 the thermal conductivity increased to 2.54 and 2.9 respectively. The thermal conductivity values shown in FIG. 5 show a greater dispersion at 80% than at 60 and 70% solids load, and this it is believed can be explained by the lower flexibility of the insulant made with 80% solids which probably contributes to the trapping of air pockets between the metal plates of the apparatus. The following Table III represents a comparison of the thermal conductivity of the insulants of the present invention with that given by Plant, H. T. and Goldstein, M. in an article entitled "Plastics For High Temperatures Thermal Barriers", The Society of the Plastics Industry Inc., 15th Annual Meeting of the Reinforced Plastic Division, February 1960, Section 18D, as well as Johns-Manville, Thermomat 193.
TABLE III______________________________________ BTU (inch)Material K °F (hr) Ft.______________________________________Epoxy Asbestos Cloth 4.76Epoxy Refrasil Cloth 3.44Insulant 1875 (80% solids) 2.9Johns-ManvilleThermomat 193 2.80Phenolic Glass Cloth 2.70Insulant 1889 (70% solids) 2.54Teflon Glass Cloth 2.26Silicone Glass Cloth 2.08Insulant 1899 (60% solids) 1.88______________________________________
It was found that the density of the insulant varies with the milled thickness and the insulant 1889 milled to 0.020 inch has a premolded density of 1.64 g/cc and of 1.61 g/cc only when milled to 0.100 inch. The effect of molding at a pressure of 120 psig on the density of the insulant was also tested and a sheet 0.020 inch thick with a premolded density of 1.64 g/cc showed a density of 1.645 g/cc after molding. A sheet 0.100 inch thick had a premolded density of 1.61 g/cc which increased to 1.62 g/cc after molding. FIG. 6 shows the effect of the solids load on the premolded density of the aforesaid insulant rolled to a thickness of 0.100 inch and FIG. 7 shows the variation in density with mil thickness and also the influence of the molding on the density of the material containing 70% of solids. The mechanical properties of the sheet of insulant material were evaluated on an Instron Tensile Tester at a crosshead speed of 0.05 inch per minute over a temperature range of 140 to -65°F and the results for a freshly rolled sheet and for a sheet aged for four months at 40°F with the No. 1889 insulant are listed in Table IV, all specimens having been cured for nine days at 140°F prior to such mechanical testing.
TABLE IV______________________________________Material Temperature σm* εm** E*** °F. (psi) (%) (psi)______________________________________Fresh (M.D.) 140 1087 4.8 2.96 × 104 73 1435 5.9 3.63 0 2215 7.6 4.64 -50 3333 6.3 6.25 -65 3500 9.3 4.75Fresh (C.M.D.) 140 804 9.4 1.26 × 104 73 1035 8.2 1.78 0 1551 10.2 2.27 -50 2548 11.0 3.00 -65 2865 13.1 3.39______________________________________Aged four months 140 1191 7.2 2.30 × 104at -40°F. (M.D.) 73 1634 8.8 2.17 0 2681 10.0 4.35 -50 4681 8.6 6.98 -65 4900 10.5 6.27Aged four months 140 894 15.2 0.97 × 104at -40°F. (C.M.D.) 73 1335 14.6 1.55 0 2006 13.0 2.84 -50 3582 14.4 3.58 -65 3681 16.1 3.32______________________________________ * σm = Tensile Strength at Maximum Load. ** εm = Elongation at Maximum Load. ***E = Initial Modulus M.D. and C.M.D. refer to machine and cross-machine directions respectivel during the rolling operation.
It will be seen therefore that the insulant forms a strong bond between the metal wall of the rocket motor casing and the propellant grain, provides good mechanical properties at extreme conditions of storage and firing at a temperature ranging from -50° to 140°F and maintains structural integrity mainly with spin stabilized rocket motors. Further, the insulant does not require primer coatings or adhesive coating between the metal wall and the insulant and the insulant and the propellant and has good mechanical properties comparable to those of flexible insulants and erosion resistance to high temperature gases for example in the range 6,000° to 6,500°F during motor firing. The insulant is further easily manufactured and is easily installed into the casing and is compatible with carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene propellant.
Comparison of erosive resistance of various insulants was carried out using actual motor firings. Insulated motors 4 in. internal diameter and 40 in. long were filled with the same solid composite propellant composition and incorporating the same grain cross section. Measurements of insulation thicknesses were taken before and after firing at identical critical locations. The affected insulant thicknesses reported in the following Table V are the difference between the "before firing" readings and the remaining solid insulant after firing: they are the amount of insulant ablated during the combustion process for particular insulants.
TABLE V__________________________________________________________________________ Type of Initial Thick- Affected Insulant (in.)Insulant Insulant ness (in.) At Head End At Nozzle End__________________________________________________________________________Asbestos phenolic Rigid 0.075 0.034 0.041Asbestos filled epoxy Rigid 0.086 0.048 0.054(54% floats)30% Mica powder in Flexible 0.075 -- All charredcarboxyl-terminatedpolybutadiene (HC poly-mer 434) binderFormulation 1889 Flexible 0.049-0.098 0.017 0.035(70% solids)__________________________________________________________________________
The results show that of the initial thickness of insulation used, 45% and 55% was ablated for the asbestos phenolic, 56% and 63% for the asbestos filled epoxy, the 30% mica powder in a carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene binder was all charred at the nozzle end, while for formulation Specification No. 1889 only 35% and 36% of material was ablated.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 7, 1966
|Oct 17, 1967
|Gen Tire & Rubber Co
|Elastomeric composition for use as rocket insulation
|Nov 27, 1967
|Apr 21, 1970
|Solid propellant liner
|Feb 2, 1962
|May 22, 1973
|Us Navy
|Process for case bonding cast composite propellant grains
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 20, 1978
|Apr 10, 1979
|Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defense
|Insulation system for rocket motors
|Sep 5, 1978
|Dec 25, 1979
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
|Method of bonding propellants containing mobile constitutents
|Feb 11, 1982
|Dec 25, 1984
|Messerschmitt-Boelkow-Blohm Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung
|Insulating layer for a rocket propellant or rocket motor
|Sep 12, 1984
|Oct 7, 1986
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force
|Bomb and bomb liner
|Apr 1, 1983
|Apr 7, 1987
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
|A processing method for increasing propellant burning rate
|Sep 3, 1985
|Sep 22, 1987
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Situ disposable gel canister
|Sep 22, 1987
|Oct 4, 1988
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|In situ disposable gel canister
|Jul 13, 1987
|Dec 20, 1988
|United Technologies Corporation
|Method for making solid rocket propellant
|Feb 10, 1997
|Nov 2, 1999
|Universal Propulsion Company, Inc.
|Method for making a case for combustible materials
|Jul 6, 2007
|Apr 2, 2013
|Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh
|Jul 6, 2007
|Jan 14, 2010
|Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh
|U.S. Classification
|264/3.2, 149/19.92, 102/531, 149/19.9
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
I can't believe this is happening, there is a new research report just released on ARCC that I am very anxious about. Underground Stock Alerts (google them) just released this today! This research group has a huge influence on the market, I've seen them move stocks 500 - 1500% in ONE DAY and also influence the market down as well. You guys get the report? Curious to hear your thoughts, not sure if I should sell or hold.
Jack, I took the amount raised divided by the number of shares issued to approximate. Since you have left the board, it was a +/- estimate. By By.
When you are not sure, it's time to dump. I am close.
Unable to find any announcement as to what they priced it at then how can we believe any pricing now

subset: commoncrawl


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you were itching your daddy's pants right? lol!1 you need to learn some history buddy! lol! there's a reason "nifty fifty" is mentioned here but you can keep dismissing as "dumb shorts". and might I say "blinded"
Time to put timber's evil brother back in his room until he can learn some manners, back to the ignore room with the dope.
Well, the stock went up $3 since "I'm too dip(py)" las posted. I wonder if in his math that means he's losing on his idiot shorting again or not.
yes!!! you courteous one!! you get what give!! you put obnoxious in the dictionary!! lol!! now go into your cluess hole of denial,putting those who call you out on ignore! I love it!


text:
First impresssions were not so good as it didn't really look like the pictures I'd seen, and seemed a bit tired looking. Once inside the room it was a bit better but still could have done with some repairs and redecorating. The shower head was wobbly and there was just a general feeling of lack of care and attention. All the members of staff we encountered were absolutely fabulous though, so full marks there, it just seems the people in charge are not putting enough money into it to keep it up to scratch, which is a pity. Also the noise from air con. is way too loud. The location was fine and we loved Orlando.
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|"R.Sriram" <sri...@rstech.net>
|Re: Request Help
|Tue, 18 Aug 2009 16:45:21 GMT
Thanks Peter. I am trying to find out from Network Solution what JDK version they are using to compile. All they are telling me is they use JServ 1.1.2 and JDK compatible to that. Do you know what version of JDK that would map to. Also, it wouldnt matter if they are using Tomcat as the servlet container or not, right? It shouldnt matter which environment their servlet is running, right? Thanks...Ram ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Peter Crowther wrote: > 2009/8/18 Ognjen Blagojevic <firstname.lastname@example.com> > >> R.Sriram wrote: >> >>> I am trying to host my servlet based solution in Network Solutions shared hosting service. >>> In order test if I can use it, I downloaded Hello.java from their environment and compiled in my environment as MyHello.class. >>> I tested their Hello.class (Hello.class compiled in their environment); that works. However, MyHello.class doesn't work. >>> Could anyone tell why this could be happening. >>> >> You could describe your problem in more useful detail: Exact Tomcat versions used, JRE/JDK versions, and OS. >> >> Do you get any exceptions? Look on the console or the log file (logs/catalina.out). >> >> Send us your web.xml. >> > > In particular: > > What JDK level do Network Solutions run Tomcat under? > What level are you compiling under? > > If NetSol are running Java 1.5, and you're compiling a class to expect > 1.6, their server won't load the class and you'll get an exception as > it loads. > > - Peter > > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com > For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com > > > > --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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Many Thanks For Your Order. Your Game Will Be Dispatched Within 1 Working Day After Receiving Cleared Payment. Within The UK We Accept PayPal,Cheques,Uncrossed Postal Orders (Made Payable to N SIMPSON) Cash On Collection Is Also Available. For Europe & The Rest Of The World We Only Accept PAYPAl If For Any Reason You Are Unhappy With Your Order Please Send Me A Message Before Leaving Neg/Neutral Feedback And I'll Do My Best To Sort Any Problems Out. Thanks Once Again, Nick


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Book your room at Best Western Crossroads Inn
Get an overview of this hotelHotel with free breakfast, near Chautauqua Vineyards
Situated in De Funiak Springs, this hotel is 1.2 mi (1.9 km) from Chautauqua Vineyards and 2.7 mi (4.4 km) from Lake Defuniak. Ponce De Leon Springs State Park and Vortex Springs are also within 20 mi (32 km).
Hotel Features
This hotel features a restaurant, an outdoor pool, and a bar/lounge. Free full breakfast, free WiFi in public areas, and free self parking are also provided. Other amenities include conference rooms, laundry facilities, and a 24-hour front desk.
Room Amenities
All 100 rooms provide conveniences like refrigerators and microwaves, plus free WiFi and flat-screen TVs with cable channels. Other amenities available to guests include coffee makers, free local calls, and hair dryers.Would you like to give us feedback? Share it! Opens in a new window
Best Western Crossroads Inn2343 US Highway 331 S De Funiak Springs FL 32435
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast each morning. A computer station is located on site and high-speed wireless Internet access is complimentary.
2 meeting rooms are available. This De Funiak Springs hotel also offers an outdoor pool, laundry facilities, and a safe deposit box at the front desk. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
- 24-hour front desk
- Bar/lounge
- Computer station
- Conference space
- Free breakfast
- Free self parking
- Free WiFi
- Laundry facilities
- Meeting rooms
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
- Outdoor pool
- Restaurant
- RV, bus, truck parking
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Total number of rooms - 100
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
- Microwave
- Outdoor pool
- Refrigerator
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking, RV, bus, truck parking
Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Cable TV service
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free toiletries
- Connecting/adjoining rooms available
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Flat-panel TV
- Free local calls
- Free WiFi
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- Microwave
- Phone
- Private bathroom
- Refrigerator
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary full breakfast each morning.
Crossroads Inn - This restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 1 PM
Check-out time is 11 AM
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- Pets allowed for an extra charge of USD 20 per pet, per day
- 2 per room (up to 80 lb)
- Specific rooms only, restrictions apply
- Pet-friendly rooms can be requested by contacting the property at the number on the booking confirmation
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Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
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Hotel Name
- Best Western Crossroads Inn De Funiak Springs
- Best Western Crossroads De Funiak Springs
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Children 12 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding. The property has connecting/adjoining rooms, which are subject to availability and can be requested by contacting the property using the number on the booking confirmation. The property allows pets in specific rooms only and has other pet restrictions (surcharges apply and can be found in the Fees section). Guests can arrange to bring pets by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.


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The Travel Media Association of Canada brings together the country's most highly respected professional travel writers, bloggers, photographers, videographers and tourism industry experts. Our mission is to foster excellence through programs such as the TMAC Awards, to uphold ethical standards, to promote professional development and to encourage the exchange of ideas and information about travel.
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Hindi/Urdu word for marriage proposal.
"I will not allow that boy to offer my daughter a rishta, as he is not a medical doctor." - every Desi mother.
ayon kay Samwise The Great ika-09 ng Hulyo, 2013
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It's been half a lifetime (he's 27) since Chris Meyer strode to an NYO plate with a game on the line. In its final at-bat, his team trailed 7-4, with two outs and runners on first and second. A bandage fluttered from Chris's raw left leg which lost six inches of skin on an earlier slide. The lanky lefthander drove the looping yellow softball deep to left. It clanked the top of the 'green monster' on the Garr Field, missing a game-tying home run by inches. As he raced toward third, Chris did what only an overzealous NYO'er would do. He slid --- again. The bandage entirely gone, he popped up to the cheers of his teammates. But the game would end, 7-6, a moment later on a lazy flyball to left, Chris still on third.
'Welcome NYO Alums,' said the banner at the parking entrance. Allan Gottlieb, who dreamed up the event, said 110 former players --- men and women --- and coaches and more than 100 parents, spouses, significant others and siblings showed up. Present-day NYO ballplayers, many just finishing their games, hung around to watch, too. 'It was a walk through NYO history,' said baseball commissioner Cliff Barshay. '(It was) fantastic to see kids all grown up, and really special to see some of their parents, many mainstays of NYO leadership.'
(To read more, please click on the headline)
Even when he was 9, people knew Robert Currie was born to lead. Consider this story from his NYO football coach, Chip Traynor: 'The Irish drafted Robert as a first-year player in the 9 and 10 year old Littles program. In almost all cases for the Irish, first-year players are generally defensive linemen or weak-side corners at best. Our intention for Robert was weak-side corner. But Robert had a level of maturity far in advance of a typical 9-year-old NYO player. He had more physical talent than we realized and he quickly worked into a franchise-level running back for the Irish. That has never happened before or since. He was a gifted natural leader (who learned) our Irish principles of hard work, team sacrifice and perseverance. During his time at NYO Robert benefitted from many other coaches, but I want to make clear that Robert himself was responsible for what Robert became. Robert was always a unique young man with a different maturity level. He was the most mentally advanced 9-year-old we have ever coached. He had great parental training and upbringing. If he wishes, he could become Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.'
For now, Midshipman Robert Currie of the US Naval Academy will have to settle for something a bit less lofty. Robert, a centerfielder and captain of the Navy baseball team, is known as 'Captain of the captains' in Annapolis. The captains of the 30-plus athletic teams at the Naval Academy have elected Robert their collective 'captain.' Go to www.navysports.com/sports/m-basebl/spec-rel/051816aac.html# to get the full story.
(To keep reading, please click on the headline)
She really can sit down long enough to enjoy a baseball game. The picture accompanying this story proves that. Paige Fielden, NYO's consummate volunteer, is the 2016 recipient of the Suzanne Caswell Volunteer of the Year award. It's a recognition, according to baseball commissioner Cliff Barshay, that she could win every year. But this is Paige's year.
Her daily visits and long hours in the Dowis building are the stuff of legend. It's not the Opening Day festivities she's organized nor her years spent leading the NYO Auxiliary that qualify her. Rather, it's how she gets things done, according to Jane Wilkins, NYO's executive director and Paige's biggest fan. 'She's changed so much for the better,' Jane says. 'She's an innovator. She picks out talent and brings them along. And she's never intimidated. If she feels strongly about something, she'll win. She's a strong, passionate leader.'
(To read more, please click on the headline)
Once, they lined the fences surrounding the Small Ball, Shetland Blue and Shetland Red fields as if to form a protective human ring around their little ones. This day, they gathered tentatively against the backstop of the Miss Jane Wilkins Bronco Field as their now young men (and one woman) moved from the infield toward the pitcher's mound for a group photo.
For 104 NYO 12-year-olds, Saturday was 'graduation day.' Their years of playing through the Majors or Bronco divisions were complete. One-by-one, baseball commissioner Cliff Barshay called their names and they trotted into an arc that ran from third base to a point between second and first. Because so few were present for Opening Day ceremonies, which are geared toward younger players, Cliff wanted them to say farewell to Jane Wilkins, who is retiring after 40 years of NYO service. 'Jane, look around,' Cliff said. 'This is your legacy.'
(To read more, please click on the headline)
He bounced from the Bronco Dodgers dugout and retrieved the discarded bat. That he was wearing a Phillies uniform and his team was the next game up mattered not at all to Noah Weiner. He was happy to serve as batboy for the Dodgers, a team for which two Sutton Middle School 6th-grade classmates played.
From the time he began playing NYO baseball as a four-year-old, Noah Weiner has put team and others first, according to those who know him, those who have coached him. 'His little head is never down,' says NYO executive director Jane Wilkins. Noah is the 2016 recipient of the Kyle Burnatt award, which NYO gives to one 12-year-old at the end of each baseball season. He is the 13th in a distinguished line of youngsters who have epitomized the very best of the 'NYO experience.'
(To read more, please click on the headline.)
It's hard to say no to Allan Gottlieb, especially at NYO. Even though his children aged-out of its baseball, fastpitch softball and basketball programs, Allan remains an NYO fixture. He still manages 9, 10 and 11-year-olds on the Austin Armstrong Field of Dreams. Each batter goes to the plate with one simple instruction: 'Swing!' Allan abhors walks. He expects his players to get their money's worth, each and every at-bat. His kids have fun, and they usually win.
Allan also started NYO's girl's basketball program. So, it's no surprise he's in the middle of NYO's first-ever alumni softball tournament, scheduled Saturday afternoon, May 21, on the Jane Wilkins and Garr Fields. Ten teams have signed up and their rosters are a who's-who of long-and-not-so-long-ago stars. Youngsters who once cranked out home runs may find a looping softball a bigger challenge to drive over Garr's left-field 'Green Monster.' But this is not about reliving glory days. It's about rekindling a spirit for NYOI that once burned so bright in so many young men and women. For many, the flame has never gone out.
(To read more, please click on the headline)
Visit the Dowis building, NYO's admin center, any weekday and you are likely to encounter a mom. She's there to register a child for an upcoming season. She's there to pick up or drop off something her child's team needs. She's there preparing for Opening Day, sorting and organizing uniforms, making sure year-end events go smoothly or tending to countless other behind-the-scenes chores. On-field activities draw most of the attention, but there'd be chaos without our moms.
This Mother's Day provides a timely opportunity not only to thank these ladies, but to reflect on the collective role they play in shaping the NYO experience. For they bring more than their time and hard work to NYO. They bring a moral dimension, too.
(To read more, please click on the headline)
For as long as most folks can remember, NYO has played baseball on the charming field behind St. John United Methodist Church on Mt. Paran Road. For the last two years, the Rev. John Purrington, who ministers to the St. John congregation as its senior pastor, has managed an International league team that plays most of its games on that field. His players know him as Coach John.
His love of baseball and God, not necessarily in that order, live in his words and deeds. A sign in front of the church announces a sermon series entitled, 'It Ain't Over Till It's Over.' From April 10 to June 26, Rev. Purrington will preach 12 sermons that take 'some of the best Yogiisms to bat with Scripture in the grand game of discipleship,' according to a promotional piece in the church's foyer. 'Yogi Berra was well known for his malapropisms and uncommon wisdom.' There's also a card inviting church members to come root for Rev. John's International A's, who play 11 of their 13 regular-season games on the St. John field.
(To read more, please click on the headline)
How many young men and women grew up on the ball fields and basketball courts of NYO? How many parents coached, served as team moms or volunteered for other tasks? The answer: No one knows for sure, but it's in the thousands --- several thousands.
For the overwhelming majority NYO is a warm memory ---a first hit, a great catch, a hard tackle, a clutch basket. For too many, that's all NYO is. Some return to coach or help out, but most have lost touch. On Saturday afternoon, May 21, NYO will take a tentative step toward reconnecting with 'alumni.' Led by a longtime coach and a handful of 20-something former athletes, NYO will stage its first-ever alumni softball game.
(To read more, please click on headline)
Six years ago I managed my last game at NYO. Since then, I've had a rotator cuff repaired, a hip replaced (small prices to pay for a lifetime of fun) and I've chronicled the stories of the men, women and children of NYO in these Dugout Doings essays. Two weeks ago an email arrived that reminded me of why I spent two decades coaching.
It came from an old friend who is now --- like me --- a grandfather. He once was a college baseball player, and I greatly admired his skills when we played as 40-somethings in Atlanta's Men's Senior Baseball League. His 8-year-old grandson was struggling at the plate (three strikeouts in his last game and nothing close to a hit yet). Would I mind offering some suggestions? We set a time for after school that day. As I gathered the bag of wiffle balls and dusted off baseball-teaching gear, I felt like a doctor called in for an important consultation.
(To read more, please click on the headline)
Fifteen years ago, Che Barbour took a walk around Chastain Park and spotted a sign for volunteer baseball coaches at NYO. He and a buddy, Jeff Woolverton, signed up and landed an International team of nine and ten-year-olds. 'We got our butts kicked,' Jeff remembers. 'We had no clue what we were doing,' Che echoes. That's how it started for two of NYO's leading coaches today. 'There's no better person out here,' Jeff says of his one-time roommate. 'It's his integrity. It's what he does for kids. He's not a yeller, but he's not a softy, either. He commands respect.'
Fifteen years later, at 43, Che Barbour is what NYO's growing cadre of 20 and 30-something coaches should aspire to be. Brad Glenn, another long-time and leading NYO coach, pays Che the highest compliment of all. He says he would be proud to have any of his children play on a team Che coaches. Fifteen years is a lot of time to spend doing anything, let alone with children who are not yours.
(To read more, please click on the headline)
You could tell she was nervous when she stepped onto the field that bears her name. Even though she was surrounded by family and friends, Jane Wilkins stood alone in the spotlight of NYO Opening Day. For more than 40 years (the last 35 as executive director), Miss Jane has taken care of everyone else. Now, all who love her wanted to say thank you. At the end of this baseball/fastpitch softball season, Jane Wilkins will retire.
'She's not just our executive director,' Baseball Commissioner Cliff Barshay told the crowd. 'She's also one of our finest volunteers and now she's an emeritus board member.' Then, turning to Jane's family, Cliff added: 'We appreciate your letting us have her for 40 years.'
(To read more, please click on the headline)
No one makes a bigger deal of Opening Day and no one enjoys it more than NYO Baseball Commissioner Cliff Barshay. Unless, that is, he becomes an unwanted center of attention. Hamstrung by a balky microphone, Opening Day emcee Cliff abandoned his familiar spot on the pitcher's mound of the Jane Wilkins Field and addressed everyone from behind home plate.
Then Clete McGinty, NYO board chair, needed to say a few words. And that's when the fun started. 'One very special volunteer started here 20-plus years ago (26, to be exact) and he morphed into our baseball commissioner,' Clete began. 'This individual has recruited at least half of our 300 coaches.' As the accolades went on, Cliff melted further and further toward the backstop, tucked in between the Whitefield High School mascot and Will, the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta character.
(To read more, please click on the headline)
It's equal parts carnival, family reunion and tailgate party, but it's 100% NYO Opening Day. Grown-ups hug and little boys and girls in baseball uniforms find their places on the outfield grass of the Garr Pony Field. The 4-year-olds seem overwhelmed. 'My team leads the league in crying,' says the coach of one Small Ball team as a tiny player grips his hand. By the time they're 5, 6 or 7-years-old, they're veterans. They high-five the high school mascots and cannot leave Hope and Will, the Smurf-like Children's Healthcare of Atlanta characters, alone.
An alley of parents and grandparents forms between the Garr and Jane Wilkins Bronco fields and the Whitefield High School marching band plays 'Take Me Out to the Ballgame,' as a river of players and coaches follows. The kids march behind team banners that carry the name of their team and include each player's name. They decorate their uniforms and themselves with beads and tiny American flags. Bennett Harper, 8, the 'star pitcher' of the Christopher League, according to Leo Rose who runs the program, wears sunglasses and has two tiny versions of Old Glory sticking from his cap.
(To read more, please click on the headline)
They filter into the still dewy outfield of the Garr Pony field an hour before the parade is to begin. Team banners tell them where to stand, but good luck with that. In tiny uniforms, with their faces painted and wearing Mardi Gras beads that jangle around their necks, the little ones chase each other, pausing only to slap the outstretched paw of a teenager wearing a high school mascot's costume. Music blares from a loudspeaker. Paige Fielden, Margaret Bryant and other moms impose order and, somehow, the parade begins. It snakes out of Garr, down the stairs, behind and back up the other stairs next to the Dowis building. Teams march proudly behind their coaches onto the Jane Wilkins Bronco Field. Balloons and red, white and blue bunting are everywhere, thanks to NYO's moms.
That's how it goes on Opening Day, always a special day at NYO. But this Saturday, March 19, Opening Day will be extra special. And bittersweet. For it will be the last time Jane Wilkins presides as our executive director. After more than 35 years, Miss Jane is retiring. She agreed to stay on through this spring until her successor, Tony Watkins, could fulfill his duties at Holy Innocents' Episcopal School. To honor Miss Jane, NYO is staging a homecoming of sorts at noon, immediately after the Opening Day ceremonies. A giant tent will be pitched in the main parking lot. If you've ever been or are an NYO player, volunteer, coach, team parent or family member, you're invited, as are all friends of Jane. So, that's pretty much everyone!
(To read more, please click on the headline)
How many of us get to go out on top? Since 2008, Tony Watkins has coached the girls' basketball team at Holy Innocents' Episcopal High School, twice finishing as runnerup in the class AA state championship tourney. On Friday, Holy Innocents' took the state title, defeating Wesleyan, 66-64, in overtime. It's the school's second girls basketball championship, the first since 1999. Later this spring, Coach Tony, 38, will leave his coaching and sixth-grade teaching duties at Holy Innocents' to become NYO's new executive director, succeeding Jane Wilkins.
The Golden Bears went 27-5 in 2015-16, bringing Coach Tony's career win-loss record to 199-42 at Holy Innocents'. His teams qualified for the state playoffs in each of his eight years, wining four regional titles, making the final four four times and finishing as runner-up twice. But this year was THE year. The win over Wesleyan avenged last year's loss in the championship game. The two teams have met eight times in the past two years, with Holy Innocents' winning six of the games.
(To read more, please click on the headline)
He's an NYO coach and dad with three young children. He grew up playing NYO baseball and even proposed to his wife on a swing in the playground across W. Wieuca Road. Perhaps that explains his enthusiasm for the new playground that has just opened on the site of the old one. 'My kids had been counting the seconds until (it opened and) they could check it out. Yesterday, we ventured up there after practice, and the kids LOVED it. In fact, my 4-year-old wants to have a half-birthday party (there) because she can't wait until November.'
Four years in the making, the new Chastain playground is open and ready for all NYO players, their siblings, friends and parents. An aging playscape (which has been refurbished) has given way to 40,000-square-feet of play space set on six rolling acres just north of the NYO fields. A rustic wooden fence defines the playground and protects children from wandering into traffic. There's a pavilion, complete with an outdoor piano, picnic tables and restrooms. Two side-by-side giant slides are perfect for racing, and there is a wheelchair-accessible treehouse. There's a climbing wall and boulders and tree stumps for scrambling. Three giant 'oodle' swings can accommodate two to three children at once. A collection of percussion instruments thump and chime. And there is space, lots of tree-dotted green space, for running, jumping or just resting on a blanket.
(To read more, please click on the headline)
Major-leaguers call it spring training. At NYO, we call it an opportunity to see who can do what, to hope it's not too cold or wet to practice and to get ready for a season that is barely two to three weeks away. On a glorious late-February Saturday (temperature of 54, clear blue skies, a gentle breeze), the NYO fields at Chastain are alive with players, coaches and parents.
Fastpitch softball teams swarm the batting cages. Like a factory at shift change, one team leaves and another quickly takes its place. There are as many parents on the T-ball field as there are 4-year-old players. Moms and dads roll grounders to their little ones with cries of 'alligator.' Those who understand this bizarre instruction slap their gloved hand to the ground and raise their throwing hand in the air so they can snap down on the ball when it reaches them. Think of an alligator opening wide, then swiftly clamping shut its jaws on its prey. Last spring, the weather was so bad many teams opened their seasons without a single on-field practice. This year, mercifully, has been different.
(To read more, please click on the headline above)
Larry Bennett's been busy. More specifically, Larry and the legions of groundskeepers and volunteers who tend to NYO's fields and facilities have been working mightily to make this year's baseball and fastpitch softball experience better than ever. The biggest news: 109 additional parking spots next to the gym. But there's more: A new scoreboard for the Austin Armstrong Field of Dreams; a much-needed T-ball/Kit Kat field at the other end of Chastain Park, next to the American Legion Post; completion of the multi-use pavilion-pressbox-dugout for the softball fields, plus 'a couple of surprises to be unveiled Opening Day 2016,' according to Larry.
Much of the work is the result of the 2014-15 capital campaign. Larry, a long-time coach, NYO board member and chair and perpetual facilities tsar, oversees every detail, down to the mulch around newly planted trees and in flower beds. The mulch is recycled from trees that came down for expanded parking.
(To read more, please click on the headline)
Ian Otten, one of our own, has just learned he will represent Georgia in a national contest to select a 'doodle' that will become the artwork for Google's search page for an entire day. Additionally, if Ian wins, he's in line for a college scholaship and rewards for his school, Marist, where he is a 7th-grader. Between now and February 22, anyone can vote as often as he or she wants. Go to: google.com/doodle4google/vote.html#d=3-1. The top vote-getter also will visit the Google campus to meet the online media giant's artists.
Ian, 13, grew up on the sports fields of NYO. In addition to football, he played baseball from the Shetland level to Bronco. He was a member of the 12U Titans and now plays for the 643 Tigers, a travel team. His 'doodle' reflects Ian's love of sports. Each letter of the word G-O-O-G-L-E is a picture of a sports object.
(To read more, please click on the headline)


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European International School Ho Chi Minh City
EIS is an IB World School offering an academic and supportive English language education, for students ages 2-18 years.Enquire now!
13jun - 1julAll DaySummer School
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Nobel College Summer Programme Inspires Teachers through a Global Exchange of Ideas
This summer, 20 teachers from Nobel Schools around the globe became students again, enrolling in [...]
Teacher Exchange Diaries: Primary Teacher Jennifer Kieran Goes from Portugal to Vietnam
When a door closes, even temporarily, a window opens. For primary teacher Jennifer Kieran, the [...]
Grade 11 students at European International School Ho Chi Minh City rebuild sanitation facilities at Ta Lai village school
When Grade 11 students at the European International School Ho Chi Minh City learned that [...]
The name 'European International School HCMC' says it all. While the School's origins are proudly European, EIS reaches out to all corners of the world including the Australian community, in part, through its membership and sponsorship of the Australian Chamber of Commerce (AusCham). EIS is a great example of a modern international school educating global citizens.
As a father of a 9 year old daughter, I appreciated the professional attitude of the faculty and the management of the European International School. The school is run in a multicultural and multi-language way that allows kids to develop their individual potential in a family like environment.
As is often the case these days, we are a typical 'international' family (Swiss/British/Vietnamese nationalities) having recently relocated from Germany. EIS was the only school that could really give our children a multilingual education in English, German and Vietnamese. The teaching standard is excellent and the IB programme allows great flexibility for our children's international futures. Unlike many schools that look like impersonal office blocks, EIS is set in a lovely spacious compound of homely villas and gardens.


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FRANKFORT, Ky -- Currently, it is illegal in Kentucky to conceal and carry a loaded gun into a bar. But a Kentucky lawmaker is looking to change that.
State Senator John Schickel has introduced a bill that would allow those with a concealed carry permit to take a gun into any place that serves alcohol, including bars and restaurants -- as long as they are not drinking.
Schickel says he feels the current law restricts Kentuckians' Constitutional right to defend themselves and bear arms, and his bill would correct that.
The bill, called "Senate Bill 60", will be heard by a Senate committee on Tuesday.


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Very nice photo....
Very beautiful photo, nice place.
Beautiful places in Canada
Nice bridge and beautiful photo!! LIKE+FAV
Excellent composition.
Best wishes from Jordan.
Very well choosen the point to make this shot--like--AnaM
Very beautiful composition and view. LIKE. Greetings from Sweden Cri
Hi Renata
A beautiful picture of a big river. The sunbeams fall in the water, creating a golden reflection!
All is well? Best wishes from Greece, George
Photo taken in Bridgeport East, Kitchener, ON, Canada


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Business Law
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My partner in our LLC has embezzled funds (taken ATM withdrawals to use for gambling) for 5 years. How do I handle this? I am not interested in pressing criminal charges but I also want to eliminate any negative tax consequences on me.JA: Can you tell me what state the LLC is registered in?Customer: MDJA: Have you talked to a lawyer yet?Customer: briefly but they weren't much help. They said there is a challenge when it is a partner since they have some "rights" to the funds. What about fiduciary responsibility etc?JA: Anything else you think the lawyer should know?Customer: We are planning on having her sign off of the corporation immediately.JA: OK. Got it. I'm sending you to a secure page on JustAnswer so you can place the $5 fully-refundable deposit now. While you're filling out that form, I'll tell the Corporate Lawyer about your situation and then connect you two.
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I began a discussion with Barbara, as listed below. I asked a followup question to her response, but she was offline, apparently.My wife and I own a home, in which she does licensed day care. I am about to lose my job. My wife does not make enough money to support us and our home. We are going to be downsizing considerably. Ideally, we would like to buy a much smaller house, which we could pay for using my wife's income,before our credit rating (over 800) goes down. What are the best ways for us to protect our credit rating in this time of transition?26 May 2016 11:4126 May 2016 12:11BarbaraFinancial ProfessionalWelcome to Just Answer. My name is ***** ***** I will be happy to assist you.You are wise to be proactive in this situation. Your first priority is to list your house for sale as soon as possible since this is the best time of year to sell a house so you can downsize and purchase a smaller, less expensive house.You will also want to continue to pay your bills on time. The following link contains an excellent guideline regarding prioritizing your bills:http://www.moneycrashers.com/bills-pay-off-first/Once you have reviewed the information, please come back to me here if you have any other questions or concerns.Thank you and best regards,Barb26 May 2016 12:30Dear Barb,Thanks so much for your quick response. We are attempting to be proactive.One thing we were wondering was whether we should consider creating an LLC or family trust that would own the house? How would that work?Thanks again!
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Hello,Business startup question here.My father is getting ready to retire in one years time. He has always wanted to set up his own licensed and insured general contracting business. He wants to get it up and running before he actually retires. I am able to help him to do this forapproximately 20 hrs per week. The work is definitely there. We live in Pennsylvania. The general idea is that I would help him get this business off of the ground working about 20 hours a week at minimum wage. I don't want to make him pay me any more than this but I would be have to be an employee. The only employee until he retires.What is the best way to go about this and which is the best form for the company (SCorp, LLC etc.)? Does he need to also pay himself even though he probably won't be actually performing any "work".I will have some follow up questions too if that's OK.Please provide a detailed answer.Thank you for your time
Juris Doctor
My corporation is being sued in a bankruptcy case and the trustee is asking for summary judgement. The summons only named my corporation and not me personally. Once a judgement us rendered is there anyway the trustee could go bac and sue me personally?
Juris Doctor JD
BACKGROUND: I formed a SCorp 20 years ago in MI with virtually no money (I think $100 or so). It was a consulting company run from home so no capitalization was needed. I took salary when I could and did not take when there was no money.For last 20 years I have operated it as a one person LLC primarily doing consulting work and branched out into few projects where the Scorp became share holder in other LLC. However the other LLC paid the S corp and the SCorp paid me salary when it could. In months when S Corp was running low I did not draw a salary. As director (and only share holder) of the Scorp I recorded in the minutes that salary to be paid only when S Corp could afford.I am now adding a small craft business under the SCorp where we will be making cushions. The cushions are different from others in that a person can zip them open and add or take out stuffing. I have looked for product liability insurance and General Liability insurance and am unable to find for home based craft manufacturing business.I have diligently kept business finances and personal finances separate and never co-mingled the monies. After salary I have two month worth of salary as reserve in S corp rest I take out as dividends (small amounts)QUESTIONS: My questions are;1) In the event someone sues me for product liability (small chance given it is cushions but still).. will the fact that I have only 2 months worth of money in bank (am I under capitalized) and no insurance expose me to risk of corporate veil being pierced.2) How strong is corporate veil protection in Michigan compared to other states in USA3) The fact that my cushions allows people to access the stuffing (by opening the zip) expose me to additional liability ? If yes what can I do to protect myself
Juris Doctor (JD)
I have another question for you.The business is home care for the mental disabled,The vehicle we purchased to transport are clients was in my wifes name.We transferred the title to the corp for legal reasons,We want to pay are selves back for this vehicle from the business account.My tax account told me to just type up a letter stating that funds from business were used to pay are selves back .Is this the correct way to do this
Hello. I live in Ohio and I am self employed as a sales broker. I set up my company as an Ohio LLC, but it is disregarded as I am the only owner. I have no employees. I did apply for an EIN number and all of my business income is on 1099s. I have been in business since 2011. I just read that I might need a business license or other registrations, but I do not sell any products. I just get paid for my services. Is there anything else I need to do to be properly set up?
I have a one person S corp. I do consulting work under this Scorp and this Scorp is a holding company in other LLCs (small businesses). In other words I participate as active partner in other LLCs through the S corp. My ownership (as the S corp) in other LLC is from 33% to 100% (that means the S corp is a sole owner in the LLC).I maintain very good minutes of meetings for the S corp and separate bank accounts.In the event of a product liability lawsuit (one of the LLC is into manufacturing) Does this type of structure provide me proper liability protection. I mean in the LLC the first line of protection is the LLC and if that is pierced then the Scorp.What else can i do to make sure the corporate veil is strong so that I as an individual is not dragged into the lawsuit personally. As I mentioned I keep good meeting minutes, have a separate business account, do not co-mingle personal funds with Scorp funds, have a part time book keeper and CPA. etc.
I don't know a lot about business finances or taxes but I'm trying to learn. I've been reading about different strategies to grow my income stream and have been looking to go into business. Right now I have a full time job as a nurse but I'm working as a commission agent for a used car dealer. Basically I adds me into his group which gives me the legal standing as a dealer and gets me access to buy and sale at dealer only auctions. I keep 100$ of my profits and provide the dealer with a monthly fee. At years end he will send me 1099 for my profits. I trying to figure out how to do the set myself up for the least tax and legal costs and maximize my profits. I've considered an LLC and purchasing all qualified expenses through it and filling my taxes on only my net profit after I've claimed all that I can as expense to cost of doing business but I don't know if this is even legal. Do you have any advice? I have future business goals but none that can start until I make and keep as much money as I can here firstJA: OK. The Corporate Lawyer will need to help you with this. Have you consulted a lawyer yet?Customer: That 100% of my profits not only 100$JA: Is there anything else the Corporate Lawyer should be aware of?Customer: Not yetJA: OK. Got it. I'm sending you to a secure page on JustAnswer so you can place the $5 fully-refundable deposit now. While you're filling out that form, I'll tell the Corporate Lawyer about your situation and then connect you two.
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On Second Thought is a one-hour, daily news talk show that airs at 9 a.m. ET weekdays.
Learn how beavers are being recruited to reverse the effects of global warming and water shortages. Wednesday, July 27 at 7 PM.
National Signing Day is over and the reigning AAAAAA Champions, the Colquitt County Packers, had 25 players sign letters of intent on National Signing Day. I had a chance to go one-on-one with Head... MORE
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Thu., October 31, 2013 12:00pm
Where The Women Aren't
On Saturday night, several hundred politically-active Georgians will gather in Atlanta. They won't be meeting to talk about Tuesday's election. Rather they'll be focusing on future Election Days. And they'll be asking what it will take to elect more women to political office at every level in Georgia.
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Captain wrote:Potter wrote:It always was a 2 dayer. That's the way to go. Yeah bitches!
Ah, sorry Tim; it's never been a 2 day event. Always two separate events.
Potter wrote:I was thinking this used to be the corridor classic
diskey river wrote:Kevin, do you know when each course will be in tournament layout?
I hate to deal with a round at Turkey for no reason.
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A correspondent writes: "In one of your recent issues is found the announcement of the ' Third Annual Meeting of the American Pediatric Society.' Permit me to ask if it does not smack of affectation to give a name to a National Medical Association, which cannot be found either in Dunglison's Medical Dictionary, or that of Worcester or Webster, except, perhaps, in the most recent edition of the latter, which is in the possession of comparatively few persons. Will you kindly enlighten some even of your readers by giving definition of the word pediatric, and much oblige one of the latter,"
The word pædiatrics, or pediatrics, as it is more frequently spelled to-day, is from the Greek, [unk], [unk], a boy, or child, and means diseases of children, or rather, the biology of childhood. Even the last edition of Webster does not give this word, which is the more surprising, as
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Skill-Building Approaches to Anxiety-Fueled Work Avoidance
Jessica Minahan | Posted 05.10.2015 | Education
Read More: Anxiety-Related Behaviors, Behavioral Plan for Students, FAIR Plan, Work-Avoidance, Education News
Transitions are among the most difficult times of the day for some students with anxiety. Transitions require flexibility and executive functioning skills. In school, students must transition frequently with little support; however, transition difficulties are at the root of many non-compliance incidents.


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MCCA hiking garage fees
Says extra $ not for hall expansion
Credit: Stuart Cahill
Parking rates at the Boston Common Garage will jump by as much as $6 a day this summer after a traffic consultant told the Massachusetts Convention Center Authority the city's low prices and high demand for spaces justifies the hike.
"There is a danger in not raising your rates enough," said Andy Hill of Desman Associates, claiming the popular garage could become "an attractive nuisance" overflowing with drivers scrambling for cheap spaces each day. He said the garage had to close 110 times in the last half of 2013 because it was full.
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FDA Approves Zurampic for Gout »
"The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Zurampic (lesinurad) to treat high levels of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia) associated with gout, when used in combination with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor (XOI), a type of drug approv"...
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