text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Dec 1, 1998
|Filing date
|Nov 26, 1997
|Priority date
|Dec 18, 1995
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Marek Horski
|Original Assignee
|Siemens Electric Limited
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (45), Referenced by (13), Classifications (22), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of Ser. No. 08/574,007 filed on Dec. 18, 1995 now abandoned.
The present invention relates to a brushless motor for various applications including automotive and HVAC applications. More particularly, the present invention relates to a slim-line brushless motor.
Direct current (DC) brushless motors have been used in a variety of electronic and industrial applications such as automotive applications where the motor drives a fan to cool an automobile engine, moves a windshield wiper, or raises and lowers a window or doorlock, or drives a fan to move ventilation air. Conventional DC brushless motors typically include a stator comprising a core having windings, a rotor having permanent magnets, and a shaft supporting the motor with respect to the stator. At least two bearing assemblies are generally employed to rotatably couple the shaft to either the stator or the rotor. The bearing assemblies are necessary to counteract the radial, axial and moment forces associated with the coupling of the rotor to the stator. The use of at least two ball bearing assemblies adds to the cost and assembly time associated with conventional brushless motors. Two ball bearing assemblies require two sets of bearing retainers, two pieces of oil felt, additional lubricant, and a number of other components necessary to maintain the rotatable connection within the motor. Therefore, there is a need for a brushless motor which requires only a single bearing assembly to rotationally support the rotor with respect to the stator. Further, there is a need for a rotatable coupling structure which can be easily assembled with automated manufacturing techniques.
Additionally, conventional DC brushless motors utilize stator coils comprised of wrapped magnetic wires (e.g., free wires). The wrapped magnetic wires engage hooks, stakes, or poles arranged in a variety of configurations. Wrapping magnetic wires requires excess space (e.g., particularly in height) and increases the assembly time associated with the stator.
Applications for DC brushless motors often require that the motor be located in small spaces. For example, in automotive application the electric motor must be placed in narrow spaces within door, hood, and trunk compartments. Such applications require that the motor has a minimal height or profile. Conventional thin DC brushless motors are difficult to assemble due to the moving parts and free wires associated with the stator. The moving parts and free wires also reduce the reliability of the motor. Therefore, there is a need for a slim-line DC brushless motor which is essentially comprised of no moving parts or free wires.
Conventional brushless motors often include electronic circuitry mounted within the motor. The electronic circuitry drives current through the windings of the stator to generate a magnetic field which effects rotation of the rotor. Such electronic circuitry generates heat which must be dissipated from the motor via large, expensive heat sinks. Thus, there is also a need for increased heat dissipation in conventional slim-line brushless motors.
The present invention relates to a slim-line brushless motor. The slim-line brushless motor includes a rotor assembly having a flat magnet, a stator assembly having a flat winding, a single angular contact bearing, and a shaft. The shaft is fit into the angular contact bearing. The rotor assembly is rotatably coupled to the support member via the shaft and the angular contact bearing.
The present invention further relates to brushless motor for automotive applications. The brushless motor includes a rotor, a stator, a shaft and a bearing assembly. The rotor includes at least one flat magnet and at least one aperture. The stator includes at least one flat coil. The bearing assembly is coupled to the stator and rotatably couples the shaft to the stator. The bearing assembly includes a single contact ball bearing. The shaft is coupled to the rotor and the bearing assembly.
The present invention also relates to a brushless motor for automotive applications. The brushless motor includes a rotor, a stator, a single angular contact bearing means, and a shaft. The rotor includes a first flat magnetic means for providing a first magnetic field, and the stator includes a second flat magnetic means for providing a second magnetic field. The single angular contact bearing means rotatably couples the rotor to the stator. The shaft is disposed through the rotor means into the bearing means.
In one exemplary aspect of the present invention, the brushless motor utilizes a flat permanent magnet and a flat coil. The flat permanent magnet is mounted inside the hub of a bell-shaped rotor housing. The flat coil is preferably a circular stamped copper member which has two layers of radial members. The radial members of each layer are fused together to form a magnetic field generating device or coil.
In another exemplary aspect of the present invention, the motor is comprised of essentially stationery parts. The rotor is staked with a hub-shaft which is press fit into a bearing assembly. The bearing assembly is held within a cavity of one of two ring coupling elements. The ring elements are coupled to a flux ring which supports the flat coil of the stator. The mechanical orientation of the rotor, stator, hub-shaft and bearing assembly provides an easy to assemble motor design with a minimal number of moving parts. The hub-shaft preferably has a shaft section which is the same length or shorter than the height of the bearing assembly.
According to a further exemplary aspect of the present invention, the bearing assembly is a lone angular contact ball bearing. The angular contact ball bearing can be a double horizontal row contact ball bearing, a four point contact ball bearing, or a cross cylindrical ball bearing. The angular contact ball bearing effectively counteracts the axial, radial, and moment forces associated with the motor. The use of such a ball bearing provides a low cost, stable rotatable coupling between the rotor and assembly which can be manufactured in a minimal amount of assembly time.
According to yet another exemplary aspect of the present invention, a cooling fan can be directly coupled to the rotor to provide air flow through cooling apertures in the rotor. The air flow advantageously cools control circuitry located within the motor. The fan also covers the cooling apertures of the rotor to protect the interior of the motor.
The invention will hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein like numerals denote like elements and:
FIG. 1 is a front, end view of a motor in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of a brushless motor shown with a cooling fan shown in dashed lines;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the motor illustrated in FIG. 1 taken along line 2--2;
FIG. 3 is a more detailed end view of the stator assembly illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the stator assembly illustrated in FIG. 3 taken along line 4--4;
FIG. 5 is a rear, end view of the rotor assembly illustrated in FIG. 2, shown with the cooling fan attached;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the rotor assembly illustrated in FIG. 5 taken along line 6--6;
FIG. 7 is a front, end view of the hub-shaft illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 8 is a side view of the hub-shaft illustrated in FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a rear, end view of the fan illustrated in FIG. 2; and
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the fan illustrated in FIG. 9 taken along line 10--10.
With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a direct current (DC) brushless motor 12 includes an outer rotor assembly 14 positioned above and about an inner stator assembly 16 which is fixed to a flux ring 18. Flux ring 18 includes mounting holes 20 which allow motor 12 to be secured to an automotive engine, door compartment, hood compartment, blower unit, container or other apparatus. Rotor assembly 14 includes a bell-shaped rotor housing 22 and is staked by a hub-shaft 24 through a mounting aperture 26 to stator assembly 16. Motor 12 is shown in FIG. 1 with a fan 28 (see FIG. 2) in dashed lines so the orientation of rotor assembly 14 with respect to stator assembly 16 can be observed more easily.
Rotor assembly 14 includes a flat permanent magnet 32 attached to an interior surface 34 of bell-shaped rotor housing 22 (See FIG. 2). Flat magnet 32 is doughnut-shaped (i.e., ring-shaped) and extends from surface 34 to just below an edge 35 of housing 22. Rotor housing 22 includes cooling apertures 36 which expose stator assembly 16 (FIG. 1). Fan 28 (FIG. 2) is attached to hub-shaft 24 and mounted over cooling apertures 36 of rotor housing 22. Apertures 36 allow fan 28 to force air through rotor housing 22 to stator assembly 16. Additionally, fan 28 serves to cover apertures 36 to protect the interior of motor 12.
With reference to FIGS. 1-4, stator assembly 16 includes a pair of flat coils 38, a ring coupling element 40 serves as a locking coupling, and a ring coupling element 42 serves as a bearing coupling. Flat coils 38 are electrically coupled in parallel and mounted proximate magnet 32. Flat coils 38 are stacked in a close, side-by-side relationship with flux ring 18. Flat coils 38 are fixed to flux ring 18 and at least one of flat coils 38 is located intermediate a plane extending through edge 35 of housing 22 and ring 18.
Ring coupling elements 40 and 42 are aluminum and press fit around flux ring 18. Ring coupling element 40 slides over and around ring coupling element 42. Flux ring 18 is held between a bearing surface 44 of element 40 and a bearing surface 46 of element 42. Ring coupling elements 40 and 42 are held to each other by a friction fit and locking tabs (not shown). Alternatively, element 40 can be screwed via threads (not shown), attached with bolts (not shown), or otherwise fixed to element 42.
A bearing assembly 50 is held within a center cavity 48 of ring coupling element 42. Ring coupling element 42 is mechanically fixed to end cup 52 via tabs 54 on cup 52 which are received in a groove 56 of element 42. End cup 52 and flux ring 18 surround stator assembly 16.
Bearing assembly 50 is preferably a single angular contact bearing held within cavity 48 by a friction fit. Alternatively, a ring (not shown) or other bearing seat can be utilized to hold assembly 50 in cavity 48. Element 42 includes a bearing surface 58 which prevents bearing assembly 70 from sliding towards end cup 52. Bearing assembly 50 includes an inner angular ring or race 60 and an outer angular ring or race 62. Race 62 is sized in accordance with cavity 48 to provide a friction fit.
Hub-shaft 24 is preferably press fit into race 60 of bearing assembly 50 to rotationally couple rotor assembly 14 to stator assembly 16. Hub-shaft 24 has a diameter sized with respect to the diameter of inter race 60 so hub-shaft 24 is friction fit with bearing assembly 50. Hub-shaft 24 passes through aperture 26 of rotor assembly 14 and into bearing assembly 50 to rotatably couple rotor assembly 14 to stator assembly 16 with an easy to assemble connection. Alternatively, hub-shaft 24 can be integral with rotor assembly 14 or otherwise mechanically fixed to rotor housing 22 (e.g., welded). The geometry of hub-shaft 24 is discussed in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
Flux ring 18 is soldered or otherwise attached to a multi-chip module (MCM) control circuit 70 (FIG. 2) located within motor 12. Control circuit 70 typically includes electronic devices, wiring, connectors and heat dissipating devices such as heat sinks 71. Alternatively, control circuit 70 can be a printed circuit board (PCB) or other electronic module. Control circuit 70 is disposed in-line with cooling apertures 36 so air flow driven by sucking fan 28 can pass control circuit 70. Control circuit 70 drives electric signals to or electrically commutates flat coils 38 via a connection (not shown) across flux ring 18. (Circuit 70 is coupled to DC power (e.g., car battery) via appropriate terminals and conductors (not shown).)
With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, bearing assembly 50 is preferably sized with a minimal height (e.g., approximately the same size as cavity 48 in ring coupling element 42) and yet have enough rigidity to mitigate axial, radial and moment forces associated with the rotation of motor 12. Hub-shaft 24 is also sized for minimal height and is almost completely disposed with bearing assembly 50. Such a configuration for rotatably coupling rotor assembly 14 to stator assembly 16 provides an advantageous thin structure using a minimal amount of moving parts for motor 12 which can be easily manufactured.
Bearing assembly 50 preferably includes a double horizontal row of ball bearings 72 held between race 60 and race 62. Ball bearing 70 are biased in opposing directions to mitigate axial, radial and moment forces associated with the rotation of motor 12. The use of a lone angular contact bearing assembly 50 eliminates the need for separate and additional bearing assembly (not shown). Such a configuration for rotatably coupling rotor assembly 14 to stator assembly 16 provides an advantageous structure for motor 12 which can easily be manufactured by avoiding problems such as alignment of more than a single bearing assembly.
With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, stator assembly 16 includes flat coils 38 disposed about ring coupling element 40. Flat coils 38 are coupled to flux ring 18. Flux ring 18 includes apertures 74 (FIG. 4) which expose control circuit 70. Apertures 74 allow air flow from cooling apertures 36 to reach control circuit 70. The air flow advantageously travels from fan 28 through apertures 36 across flat coils 38 and through apertures 74 to circuit 70.
Flat coils 38 are circular stamped copper members as distinguished from conventional planar magnetic wire stators coils. Conventional stator coils rely on stakes, posts, hooks, and other members (not shown) for holding magnetic wires. Flat coils 38 are each comprised of two layers of thin metal bars (not shown) disposed radially about a center point. A first end (the end farthest from the center point) of each metal bar on a first layer is fused with the first end of a corresponding metal bar on a second layer. A second end (the end closest to the center point) of each metal bar on the first layer is fused with the second end of an adjacent metal bar on the second layer. Therefore, the first and second layers of the metal bars of each of flat coils 38 are fused together to form a coil-like structure. Such a configuration provides an easy to manufacture, thin magnetic field producing device which does not require cumbersome magnetic wires. Further, flat coils 38 advantageously do not require bulky holders, stakes, poles or other devices to fix magnetic wires to stator assembly 16.
Flat coils 38 can be fused in a variety of fashions to create coils of different shapes or several coils (not shown) in a variety of orientations or configurations. After flat coils 38 are placed in stator assembly 16 around element 40 (over flux ring 18), flat coils 38 are soldered, fused, or electrically coupled to circuit 70 across flux ring 18. Flat coils 38 are electrically coupled to each other in parallel to produce a stronger magnetic field. Alternatively, coils 38 can be coupled in series for other magnetic field characteristics.
With reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, permanent magnet 32 of rotor assembly 14 is a single doughnut-shaped magnet. Magnet 32 does not cover cooling apertures 36 of rotor housing 22. Rotor assembly 14 is held between a bearing section 84 (FIGS. 7 and 8) of hub-shaft 24 and a bottom side 116 (FIGS. 9 and 10) of fan 28.
With reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, hub-shaft 24 includes a knurled section 80, a hub section 82, bearing section 84, and a shaft section 86. Knurled section 80 is sized for an interference fit with a mounting aperture 88 (FIGS. 9 and 10) of fan 28. Hub section 82 is sized for an interference fit with mounting aperture 26 of rotor assembly 14. Bearing section 84 prevents rotor assembly 14 from sliding in contact with bearing assembly 50. Shaft section 86 is preferably sized in accordance with the height of bearing assembly 50. Shaft section 86 may be slightly longer than bearing assembly 50 and extend nearly to end cap 52. Additionally, shaft section 86 may be shortened if the friction fit connection between assembly 50 and hub-shaft 24 is sufficiently rigid.
With reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, fan 28 is similar to a vacuum cleaner fan or other device and includes lowered portions or fins 112. Lowered fins 112 are curved and operate to pull air through apertures 36 and 74 from control circuit 70. A mounting aperture 88 of fan 28 is dimensioned for close conformal contact with knurled section 80 of hub-shaft 24. A recess 108 of fan 28 is dimensioned to sit over hub section 82 of hub-shaft 24. Additionally, fan 28 can include mounting holes 90.
A window drive (not shown) for rising and lowering a window in an automobile or a lock mechanism (not shown) for locking or unlocking a door is driven by motor 12 and can be fixed to rotor assembly 14 above cooling fan 28. Alternatively, an automotive fan or HVAC fan can be coupled to motor 12. Motor 12 is preferably a direct current (DC) brushless motor, and has a height or profile less than 30 mm due to the advantageous design of motor 12. Motor 12 may be referred to as a slim-line motor which has a diameter-to-width ration greater than three to one. The window drive lock mechanism, or fan can be coupled directly to an outside surface 92 (FIGS. 1, 2 and 6) of rotor assembly 14 via a clip, a screw, or other fastening device (not shown). Alternatively, the drive mechanism, or fan can be form fitted to outside surface 92 of rotor assembly 14 over cooling fan 28 (FIG. 2) of motor 12 or attached to motor 12 via belts, gears, or other mechanisms. Motor 12 must be sized to fit within relatively small areas such as door compartments, hood compartments or trunk compartments.
It is understood that, while the detailed drawings, specific examples, and particular components values given describe preferred exemplary embodiment of the present invention, therefore the purpose of illustration only. The apparatus and method of the invention is not limited to the precise details and conditions disclosed. For example, although the motor includes control circuitry mounted within it, other electrical connections could be utilized. Further, although particular shapes and aperture dimensions have been shown, various other shapes, geometries and dimensions could be utilized for the various components of the motor. Thus, the changes may be made to the details disclosed without parting from the spirit of the invention which is defined by the following claims.
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|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
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Effective date: 20061201


text:
Current News
Current News
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2014 will be a year of growth and profitability: CEO
Volvo Car Group (Volvo Cars) has turned around a SEK577m first half loss in 2013 and will report a full year operating profit when it announces its results later this month, said Håkan Samuelsson, President and CEO.
Full details of the factors behind the turnaround will be announced on March 21 when the unlisted company releases its full year results.
The growth story will continue in the coming year. Volvo Cars expects to sell "a good" 5 per cent more cars than the 427,840 sold in 2013, driven by steady growth in key markets and an improved product offer, said Mr Samuelsson.
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The Volvo Concept Estate
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While continuing the exterior design language established in the Volvo Concept Coupé and the Volvo Concept XC Coupé, the centerpiece of the Concept Estate is the interior design and the new centre console touch screen display. The touch screen replaces the traditional array of buttons and controls in the centre stack with one sleek control panel and simplifies and enhances the way Volvo drivers operate their cars.
Volvo Cars has been on a winning streak with its concept cars. The Concept Coupé was named 'Car of the Show' by a leading German auto magazine at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show, while the Concept XC Coupé received the prestigious EyesON Design 'Best Concept Car' award at the 2014 Detroit Motor Show.
Global attention for Volvo Cars' concept cars has been intensifying as they provide the first significant clues as to how the company's all-new and much-anticipated XC90 SUV and subsequent cars will look. The XC90 is due to be launched later this year.
Volvo brings Apple CarPlay to the all-new Volvo XC90
Building on the unveiling of Volvo Cars' new interior design and centre console display, Volvo Cars and Apple Inc. announced in Geneva that the companies are joining forces to offer Volvo drivers full access to Apple's widely-used and hugely admired operating system in their own cars.
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Class-leading Drive-E powertrains available in V40
Geneva also means a world premiere for Drive-E powered Volvo V40 and V40 Cross Country models. The V40 and V40 Cross Country can now be equipped with a 245 hp petrol turbo T5 engine or a 190 hp turbo diesel D4 engine, taking the V40 series to a new dimension in terms of efficient driving pleasure. The CO2 emissions of the 190 hp Volvo V40 D4 with manual gearbox are now down to a mere 85 g/km – an offer no competitor is even close to matching. From May 2014, Drive-E powertrains will be available in all new Volvo models except the XC90.
Other product launches in Geneva include the Volvo V70 and XC70 Edition and the fifth generation of the sailing-inspired Volvo Ocean Race Edition models. The Volvo Ocean Race package is available on the Volvo V60, V40, V40 Cross Country and XC60 and includes special colours, wheels and interior details. The V70 and XC70 Edition are designed for customers with a taste for a more dynamic look and handling and have a number of special interior and exterior design features.
Design and Technology at Heart of Volvo Car Group's New in-car Experience
Sleek Scandinavian design and intuitive technology to reinvent the car interior
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The touch screen replaces the traditional selection of buttons and controls in the center stack with one clean and sleek control panel. It will blend established tablet functionality, such as swiping and pinching, with new solutions that are specially designed for the in-car environment. It also interacts with the digital instrument cluster in front of the driver.
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This groundbreaking driver experience will be introduced in the next car generation, starting with the all-new Volvo XC90 later in 2014.
"The new user interface is designed to create a smooth, logical and safe interaction between the driver and the car," says Ingenlath. "This goes far beyond just putting a large tablet in the center of the dashboard. We have created a digital environment that is fully integrated in the car."
Logical stack of four 'tiles'
The layout on the portrait screen can be described as a stack of flexible "tiles," each displaying a key functionality. Navigation is on the top, followed by media and telephone.
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Digital solution
The new user interface is designed so that the tiles on the touch screen expand on interaction. When one of the tiles expands to display required information, the others are compressed, still visible and instantly accessible.
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Crystal clear but calm
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Volvo Car Group to Unveil Concept Estate at Geneva Motor Show
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The Volvo Concept Estate's most striking interior design feature is its simplicity. The traditional selection of buttons and controls have been replaced by one large tablet-like touch screen control panel in the center console, bringing the interior firmly into the 21st century.
"The basic idea is to organize controls and information in a perfectly intuitive and user-friendly way. Everything is exactly where you expect it to be, making the drive more enjoyable, efficient and safe," says Thomas Ingenlath, senior vice president design at Volvo Car Group.
In association with Volvo's specially designed software, the touch screen will be the main control panel for Volvo's new in-car user experience. It replaces all buttons and controls except for a few crucial functions such as volume, play/pause, hazard warning and window heaters. It also interacts seamlessly with the digital instrument cluster in front of the driver.
"Not having to deal with buttons and controls for a growing number of functionalities is like being freed from a pair of handcuffs," says Robin Page, design director interior of Volvo Car Group. "This has made it possible to build a beautiful interior architecture around the portrait screen. The concept car showcases how this user interface will be integrated in our new car generation."
Volvo is the company that redefined the estate car by combining functionality, sturdiness and practicality with performance. The V70 and XC70 are among the most respected estates on the market and the new Concept Estate points to how the company could capitalize on this heritage in its forthcoming models.
Volvo has been on a winning streak with its concept cars. The Concept Coupé was named "Car of the Show" by a leading German auto magazine at the Frankfurt Motor Show, while the Concept XC Coupé received the prestigious "Eyes ON Design" award at the Detroit Motor Show.
Global attention on Volvo's concept cars has been intensifying as they provide the first significant clues as to how the all-new and much-anticipated XC90 SUV and subsequent cars will look. The XC90 is due to be launched later this year.
Learning from history
The rear of Concept Estate echoes the design of the Volvo 1800 ES from the early 1970s.
"The 1800-models are iconic Volvos, renowned for their beautiful forms and detailing. However, using elements from their exterior and interior has nothing to do with being retro. We are using these subtle links to a glorious past to create a future in which sheer beauty becomes a recognized part of Volvo's identity," says Ingenlath.
The subtle inspiration from the 1800-models is also evident on several details inside the Concept Estate, such as the two-spoke steering wheel, the instrument panel and the dials.
Page explains: "The first four decades of the Volvo history was characterized by classic craftsmanship and high quality materials. We are merging this vital part of our brand DNA with the more recent focus on technology and smart functionality. In the Concept Estate we also add the creative side of Scandinavia. The result is an exotic interior with genuine materials and beautiful detailing."
Beautiful and different
Applying this approach to the iconic estate car – which is the essence of versatile Volvo functionality – creates a car that is both beautiful and different.
The generous dash to axle ratio, low hood, sleek silhouette and the glass roof all contribute to the impression of a dynamic, yet capable three-door sports wagon. The contrast between the deep, dark brown pear color and the bright, five-spoke, 21-inch wheels contributes to the modern, cool aura.
Just like the recent Concept Coupé and the Concept XC Coupé, the face of the Volvo Concept Estate is characterized by a new topography on the hood and the "floating" grille, flanked by headlights featuring new T-shaped DRL light guides. The rear light signature is another distinctive element in Volvo Cars' new design direction.
Swedish inside and out
Extrovert and colorful trends within contemporary Swedish lifestyle and design have been powerful sources of inspiration for the design team. Occupants in all four seats are embraced by orange seat belts, and the exclusive, woven wool carpets from the Swedish designer Kasthall have the same deep accent color.
The crystal gear leaver from Orrefors/Kosta Boda also has an orange glow, while the checkered black and white wool textile on the headliner and rear sides of the front seats adds playfulness to the "room."
"Creativity is thriving in Swedish society. This includes design and technology as well as the fashion, music and art scene. We have used all this as inspiration to create a new, exciting way to express Sweden's soul," says Ingenlath.
The feel of a Scandinavian living room
Refined, handcrafted details, such as an instrument panel covered by thick, naturally tanned saddle leather from Tärnsjö, inlays made of waxed, naturally aged wood and machined copper details, also emphasize the exclusive Swedish atmosphere inside Concept Estate.
"The interior is exceptionally vivid. Yet the glass roof and seats covered by light, soft Bridge of Wear leather help to retain that bright and cozy feeling that is the hallmark of a Swedish living room. A place that makes you feel so comfortable that you are reluctant to leave," says Page.
Specially designed Swedish 'kubb' game
The ambiance might inspire occupants to stop for a picnic and game of Swedish "kubb." The specially designed game set is visible through the load floor in the back.
"Don't know the rules? No problem. They are printed on the transparent floor. And rain is no excuse. You will find exclusive Stutterheim raincoats in the back of the car as well," explains Page.
Volvo's Partner Suppliers in the creation of the Concept Coupé, Concept XC Coupé and Concept Estate:
- Tires: Pirelli
- Wheels: Uniwheels
- Leather: Bridge of Wear
- Exterior paint: Axalta Coating Systems
- Carpet: Kasthall
- Gear shift: Kongsberg
- Gear shift glass: Orrefors
- Exterior light: Valeo
- Belts: Autoliv
- Interior ambient light: 3M

subset: commoncrawl


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Countess of Culture: Thank-You Notes
Day to Day Countess of Culture Jessica Seigel talks to NPR's Madeleine Brand about the proper ettiquette for thanking someone for a gift. She says that hand-written notes are still the best way to go, and it's important to find the right stationery, too.
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Carltun on the Park
Eisenhower Park East Meadow, NY 516-542-0700
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Upscale event space and fine dining is located within Eisenhower Park.
Evening of Tasting and Giving for the Michael Magro Foundation Carltun on the Park, East Meadow , NY
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text: It's Christmas Time with Rick and Donna By theshannons Move over Miley Cyrus and Taylor Swift, Rick and Donna bring their famous brand of... more »Move over Miley Cyrus and Taylor Swift, Rick and Donna bring their famous brand of sexy fun antics that will spice up even the coldest winter night. This soon-to-be classic is that sexy something you've been looking for to heat up your holiday season. « less Published December 01, 2013 129 views More Info » Full Credits theshannons Uploader Stats & Data 6 Funny Votes 2 Die Votes 129 Views Published: December 01, 2013 Categories: Clean Comedy Music Parody Keywords: Humor Funny Comedy Holiday Sexy Christmas Rick Donna New York Music Video Up Next: Rick and Donna's Holiday Fun AUTOPLAY Up Next In: 10 Rick and Donna's Holiday Fun Rick & Donna's Christmas Sex Tape Steven Seagal (Music Video) by UZIMON Musicless Music Video - FOOTLOOSE - Warehouse Dance Scene (Starring Kevin Bacon) Follow Facebook Twitter Tumblr Instagram Browse Related Comments 10+ more View All ▶ theshannons Vaguely Related Videos Vaguely Related Pics & Words Advertisement Tags: Humor Funny Comedy Holiday Sexy Advertisement


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GrabGreen, Automatic Dishwashing Detergent Pods, Tangerine with Lemongrass, 132 Loads, 5 lbs, 4 oz (2376 g)
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- Product Code: GGR-00278
- UPC Code: 899696002784
- Package Quantity: 132 Loads, 5 lbs, 4 oz (2376 g)
- Dimensions: 4.5 x 10.5 x 5.9 in, 5.65 lbs (2.56 kg)
- Naturally-Derived Ingredients
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- MaddieBrit Products
Grab Green's Automatic Dish Washing Detergent cuts through grime, removes grease, and leaves your dishes sparkling clean. Made with naturally-derived, biodegradable ingredients this effective detergent leaves zero spots and is the most convenient way to get clean dishes.
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Tangerine with Lemongrass bursts with a refreshing blend of sweet tangerine, grapefruit, bergamot and lush lemongrass. Contains essential oils tangerine, lemongrass and bergamot along with a blend of safer man-made ingredients to ensure a consistent scent.
Suggested Use
Highly Concentrated Dishwashing Detergent Pods
- Use 1 pod for one load
- Insert pod into dishwasher soap dispenser
- Reseal pouch for freshness
Other Ingredients
True Transparency
We want you to know what's inside and why!
Sodium citrate - cleans
Sodium carbonate peroxide - cleans & removes greasy stuff
Sodium sulfate - absorbs excess water
Sodium carbonate - water softener
Sodium silicate - cleans
Linear alcohol ethoxylate - cleans
Tetrasodium iminodisuccinate - removes calcium & other minerals from water
Hydrated silica - anti-caking
Sodium polyaspartate - prevents food from resticking
Fragrance - contains a blend of tangerine, lemongrass and bergamot essential oils and safer man-made ingredients to ensure a consistent scent
Alpha-amylase enzyme blend - removes starches
Protease enzyme blend (subtilisin) - removes grease and proteins
Polyvinyl alcohol - forms the pod
Caution: Keep out of reach of children. Harmful if swallowed. Skin and eye irritant. If swallowed, drink plenty of water, do not induce vomiting and seek medical assistance. In case of skin contact, flush thoroughly for 15 minutes. In case of eye contact, flush immediately with water. Continue flushing for 15 minutes and seek medical assistance.
No animal testing
These are super convenient, and wash great... but... the dishwasher and the dishes, and most importantly my water bottle, all have a faint smell after... so I find I have to rinse everything off again before using it... I would recommend the UNSCENTED version if you like this product.
This really cleans dishes leaves a nice clean smell. Also free of chemicals which I like with kids in the house using dishes. Also doesn't leave that salty taste on cups etc that a lot of products do. Please visit my page to read more reviews & to find out how to save on your order.
Love Grab Green products
Posted by 4731687206024397562 on Jun 13, 2015
Works great gets the job done. No residue left on dishes. No animal testing. I use this on a regular basis.
Posted by fulltimemumma on Jul 23, 2014
This really cleans dishes leaves a nice clean smell. Also free of chemicals which I like with kids in the house using dishes. Also doesn't leave that salty taste on cups etc that a lot of products do. Please visit my page to read more reviews & to find out how to save on your order.
Strong (natural) Smell
Posted by LantauMama on Jan 26, 2014
These are super convenient, and wash great... but... the dishwasher and the dishes, and most importantly my water bottle, all have a faint smell after... so I find I have to rinse everything off again before using it... I would recommend the UNSCENTED version if you like this product.
Posted by DeanaS on Oct 21, 2013
Smell great, easy to use, cool bottle to hold it all. I'm happy.
Posted by 4903528478765402587 on Aug 11, 2013
Very good washing up. Enough for a long time


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Joined IHG® Rewards Club at a Hotel?
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Contact your local IHG® Rewards Club Customer Care to source your PIN and to update your profile with your email address. When you receive your PIN you can also update your email address via www.ihg.com/updateemail.
Reward Nights
When redeeming points for a Reward Night, you may only book one room at a time.
Once you complete your Reward Night reservation you will be given the option to duplicate this reservation.
* Requires affiliation in the respective organization.
** Best Available Rate Search does not include affiliation rates.
To book more than 9 rooms for one stay or request a quote, please use our Easy Meetings tool, call 1-800-MEETING (in United States, Mexico and Canada) or contact a Global Sales Office.
Nature meets big city fun when you stay in the northern Buffalo area. Our hotel's location near Niagara Falls, NY makes it easy to see all the natural and cultural attractions without having to go very far. Because of this, the Holiday Inn® Lockport hotel is ideal for business and leisure guests alike.
Since our hotel's property is near Niagara Falls, NY, it's easy for guests to get around to all the great attractions. Discover new
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Since our hotel's property is near Niagara Falls, NY, it's easy for guests to get around to all the great attractions. Discover new tastes or a new favorite wine on the Niagara Wine Trail. There are miles of trails to hike, including scenic routes along the canal. And, of course, every guest should visit Niagara Falls.
Has a business meeting brought you to the area? Our facilities and location are sure to impress you. Our variety of excellent meeting rooms can provide meeting space for up to 510. You can finish last-minute work in the Business Center with printing services. Since we're in the northern Buffalo area, our hotel's guests are also near Delphi, AES Somerset and First Niagara Bank.
Great amenities make your stay at this pet-friendly hotel as comfortable as possible. After a long day, relax with a swim in the indoor pool or work-up a sweat in the Fitness Center. You can get a taste of Italy at Tuscana Ristorante, open for breakfast and dinner, or enjoy good company and a drink at the lounge. There's never a shortage of fun or excitement when you stay at this high-quality hotel.
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The Torchbearer Award is given to hotels that have achieved the highest level of excellence in all aspects of operations - from quality to customer satisfaction. Created to honor the best of the best as measured by our guests, this award is presented to hotels that raise the bar even further. These outstanding hotels "carry our torch", and represent the highest achievement in quality and service.
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Service above and beyond the call of duty is a matter of pride to the IHG® Rewards Club family of brands. The IHG® Rewards Club Excellence Award is significant because the award recognizes hotels that are consistently delivering benefits and recognition to our top customers - IHG® Rewards Club members.


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Integrated Economic, Dynamic Disease, Risk and Decision Analytic Modeling of Global and Domestic Policy Issues for Polio
The summary for the Integrated Economic, Dynamic Disease, Risk and Decision Analytic Modeling of Global and Domestic Policy Issues for Polio grant is detailed below. This summary states who is eligible for the grant, how much grant money will be awarded, current and past deadlines, Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA) numbers, and a sampling of similar government grants. Verify the accuracy of the data FederalGrants.com provides by visiting the webpage noted in the Link to Full Announcement section or by contacting the appropriate person listed as the Grant Announcement Contact. If any section is incomplete, please visit the website for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which is the U.S. government agency offering this grant.
Integrated Economic, Dynamic Disease, Risk and Decision Analytic Modeling of Global and Domestic Policy Issues for Polio: The purpose of the program is to support the US Government endorsed Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). This program addresses the "Healthy People 2020" focus areas of "Global Health" and "Immunization and Infectious Diseases."
|Federal Grant Title:
|Integrated Economic, Dynamic Disease, Risk and Decision Analytic Modeling of Global and Domestic Policy Issues for Polio
|Federal Agency Name:
|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
|Grant Categories:
|Type of Opportunity:
|Funding Opportunity Number:
|Type of Funding:
|Cooperative Agreement
|CFDA Numbers:
|CFDA Descriptions:
|Immunization Research, Demonstration, Public Information and Education_Training and Clinical Skills Improvement Projects
|Current Application Deadline:
|Apr 25, 2011
|Original Application Deadline:
|Apr 25, 2011
|Posted Date:
|Mar 25, 2011
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|Mar 25, 2011
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|May 25, 2011
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- Applicants Eligible for this Grant
- Others (see text field entitled "Additional Information on Eligibility" for clarification)
- Additional Information on Eligibility
- Kid Risk, Inc is the only qualified agency to provide the services specified under this acquisition because: A. Kid Risk, Inc has developed the only available integrated dynamic global model of polio risks and costs, a process that involved 6 years of extensive literature review, data-gathering and model development and iteration, with extensive collaboration with CDC, WHO, and other international polio experts. CDC has been a major partner in polio eradication since 1991. The program is aware of, and works closely with, all the partners who are involved in this enormous public health project.
- Grant Announcement Contact
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Procurement and Grants Office TIMS Phone 770-488-2700
email@example.com [email@example.com]
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- • Economics, finance, and budgetary evidence to support sustainable financing, planning and ...
- • Enhanced Surveillance for New Vaccine Preventable Diseases
- • Annual Estimates of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness for Preventing Medically Attended Labo...
- • National Stop Transmission of Polio (NSTOP) initiative supporting polio eradication in Afr...
- • Coordination of Activities Between the CDC's National Immunization Program and the State a...
- • National Minority Organizations Immunization Projects
- • Using Provider Partnerships to Strengthen the Immunization Message
- More Grants from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- • PPHF 2016: Immunization Grants - Enhanced Surveillance for New Vaccine Preventable Disease...
- • PPHF-2016-US Platform to Measure Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness against Laboratory-confir...
- • CDC's National Undergraduate Student Program: A Public Health Workplace Experience t...
- • Improving Sexually Transmitted Disease Programs through Assessment, Assurance, Policy Deve...
- • Improving Effectiveness of the Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Programs in Resource Li...


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Supercharge Your Workout!
Muscle Advance Creatine Monohydrate is the secret to gaining that lean, muscular physique. If you are looking for an edge in your workout then this is what you want. This potent formula contains 4500 mg of Creatine, the natural acid that your body produces to energize muscles. The problem is that most guys do not make the amounts necessary to get the serious gains they want. If you would like to significantly boost your gains then you are going to need a lot more. Fuel your body for better athletic performance to maximize your gains with this potent supplement.
Professional athletes and bodybuilders alike have consistently turned to Creatine supplements. They use this compound to maximize their performance and gain the most from each workout. Many guys "cheat" their workouts by lifting too heavy and forgoing proper form because they want to grow faster. Muscle Advance Creatine Monohydrate can help you enhance your energy and strength so you can lift more without sacrificing range of motion and form. This is the truth behind increasing your growth rate so you can get that well developed musculature in less time. Just face the facts, if you want to get your dream body faster, it is time for more Creatine.
How Does Muscle Advance Creatine Work?
Muscle Advance Creatine Monohydrate uses this nitrogenous organic acid to increase the formation of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is used within cells as a coenzyme. In intracellular (cell-to-cell) transfers is the molecular unit of currency your muscles use in the transportation of energy for metabolism within cells. In Layman's terms, the more Creatine you have in your system, the more energy and strength your body will produce. This in turn will help you perform better at the gym and thus achieve better results. ATP is the most important neurotransmitter needed when it comes to athletic performance.
If you are looking healthy yet substantial gains of muscle mass, energy and strength then Muscle Advance Creatine Monohydrate is the way to go. This supplement is effective in promoting increased workout capacity both in endurance and load movement. As ATP improves your metabolism, this also helps you burn fat. By keeping your metabolism high you are not only improving your performance but you can maintain a leaner body. The results of this is well defined, ripped musculature. As a bonus, this is helps you better show of your hard work. A lean body gives the illusion that you are even more muscular.
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Muscle Advance Creatine is not simply beneficial to increasing gains from your workouts. It can also help you in sports as well. Studies have shown that using Creatine supplements can help you gain those intense burst of strength and energy needed for incredible feats of athleticism. This provides you with an edge on the competition so you can perform at your maximum potential. It is also legal so there is nothing wrong with using it as it is an all-natural compound that your own body produces!
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Music And/Or Art
If you have ever found yourself bored with Dallas arts, then you've obviously never seen the work of local musicians and artists Paul Slocum and Lauren Gray. Whether turning ancient computers and videogame systems into musical instruments while performing as the band Tree Wave or helming the print(f) digital arts series, this hometown duo has little trouble turning its fascination with technology and the archaic into compelling, artistic statements about society. Truly, this fascination is far-reachingso much so that Slocum and Gray have opened their own art space, the And/Or Gallery, 4221 Bryan St., Suite B. Thankfully, the duo knows better than to glorify its own material in the space, instead choosing to spotlight two out-of-town artists for the gallery's debut exhibit. New York's Tom Moody, a former local who was once involved with the MAC, will present bizarre print media creations that look like the DNA of Oompa Loompas, and former Southside on Lamar resident artist Saskia Jorda will have minimalist found-item sculptures on display. In addition, video jockey Jeremy Johnson will be on hand to pump out pixelated software art on the And/Or walls. The gallery opens at 6 p.m. Entry is free. Call 214-824-2442.
Saturdays. Starts: Jan. 28. Continues through Feb. 28
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Confirmed: Geoff Johns Is the New President of DC Entertainment
Comic Books, Film, TV
Comic Books, Film, TV
TV, Comic Books
The Buy Pile
The Buy Pile
The Mission
Robot 6
Comics Should be Good
Comics Should be Good
Comics Should be Good
Comics Should be Good
Comics Should be Good
Jul 27, 17:22pm
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Exeter, UK
"Thor" veteran Tom Hiddleston is set to face off against Dr. House himself, Hugh Laurie, in the upcoming crime-centric limited-series, "The Night Manager." The first trailer has dropped for the AMC series, which executive producer Stephen Garrett previously described as a "thriller equivalent of a bromance."
Adapted in partnership with BBC One, "The Night Manager" is based on the 1993 John le Carre novel of the same name and follows Hiddleston's Jonathan Pine, who secretly infiltrates an alliance between the intelligence community and the secret arms trade — headed by High Laurie's Richard Onslow Roper — under the advisement of an operative played by Olivia Colman of "Broadchurch."
"The Night Manager" airs in April on AMC and BBC One.
Richard Roper, world's greatest monster!
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I hate christmas. Humbug! Bah!
If it wasn't for the pressies, food, drink...all to excess...I wouldn't bother.
Rain here now after a decent mornng.
jo, your top...."sodden".....garden. Can you turn it into an area for plants that would enjoy it there? So many excellent things you could put in there
need to concentrate here....Spike is eying up my sausage rolls. don't know where he gets his greed from
Eddie, when your neighbours do get round to cutting their lawns you will see brown and yellow grass left behind. .....always hqppens when grass is left too long.
can I repeat....nematodes for autumn use.
The most important treatment for lawns is regular mowing. It is easy then anyway but doesn't stress the lawn. And a medium cut....not scalped. My own lawns....good one in front and a almost as good at the back.....have never looked so good since I raised the cut. stays green longer and FEELS softer to sit,,walk and play on.
don't know who said it but don't overfuss the grass either. Years back I wanted the perfect lawn...and I mean PERFECT. Fine grass, topdressing,,raking,,aerating, spiking,,feeding once a month, hands on knees gently removing any weed or rough grass bits. Took so much time. Lawn looks better now...nice and green and soft.
Stanley, keep dry and wrap in fleece
Ok, final say on this.
My lawn looked like Eddie's every autumn. The cause for mine was leatherjackets.
I have found garden issues, like most everything else, are often the simple ones.
Used to do skinny dipping but local swimming baths banned me
Confession time.....opened a box of lindor chocs wrapped up for someone late last night. off and on I have been taking more. Couldn't resist. ok, I admit it...........
I have my paper electronically but miss the "soooooo last century" paper. Have to buy toilet rolls now
If the cause is leatherjackets the finest lawn treatment will fail unless this is addressed Eddie.
My neighbour has a professional team twice a year.....I think my lawn is better
still think these pests are dining out in style out there


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Four Up
From metal to rap to pop to the Pope of Mope, Four Up has deets on the hottest shows of the week. Now with A/V!
Sonic ReducerKing Dude Fear · Future Honest · Makthaverskan II
By August March
This week we listened to new releases from King Dude, Future and Makthaverskan. Now with A/V!
FlySi via Compfight
EVENT HORIZON (Tuesday, Jul 26)
Hypnotizing Rhymes
EPMD • hip-hop, rap • DJ Ohm
By Megan Reneau
Well, it's the mellow, the fellow, the one who says hello. Now get ready to wiggle and jiggle like jello, fam, cause I know men with the master plan. Tuesday, July 26, EMPD are gonna jam. At Sister, at 8pm. I know your pulse rate is descending but heart rate is increasing…
EVENT HORIZON (Monday, Aug 1)
Vans Used to be for Skaters, Now They Just Mean You Like to Rock
2016 Vans Warped Tour • Atreyu • Good Charlotte • New Found Glory • Mayday Parade • Motionless in White • Waka Flocka Flame
By August March
Good news, everybody! This year's Van's Warped Tour is coming through Burque—albeit the festival's given up it's lauded positioning at the big amphitheater south of town for the slightly more placid, arcadian and sometimes floaty atmosphere at Balloon Fiesta Park. So, just in case you want to know, the whole schmear goes off on Monday, August 1. The Albuquerque iteration of this ultra-famous yearly event will feature preeminent 'Merican musical acts like Against The Current, Chelsea Grin, Ice Nine Kills, Less Than Jake, Mother Feather, Teenage Bottle Rocket and We The Kings. These performances are in addition to a host of other winsome, activities designed to lure the youth of the vicinity into the devilish servitude associated with rocanrol music, including a comp ticket for parents (if you're under the age of 18), a hydration station and a totally awesome sponsor and vendor village. Tickets range in price from $37.50-$47.50 and are available through Ticketmaster.
Today's Events
Horses for Heroes Benefit Concert • The Tumbleweeds • Western swing, honky tonk • The Cowboy Way • country • Randy Huston • R.W. Hampton at Rio Bravo Brewing Company
Jim and Tim • blues at The Deck at the Mine Shaft Tavern
Asphalt Cowboys • country at Dirty BourbonMore Recommended Events ››
Kombat Kitty at Stoneface • 7.29.2016
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Forum indexMicro Four Thirds TalkChange forum
G5, Art Filters & raw
Started Apr 2, 2013 | Discussions thread
Shop cameras & lenses ▾
Colin Franks • Senior Member • Posts: 1,285
Re: G5, Art Filters & raw
In reply to fotophool • Apr 2, 2013
fotophool wrote:
I have my G5 set to shoot raw.
However it was my understanding that when you selected an Art Filter (or shot in iA mode) that the camera defaulted to jpeg.
I have the G3, and it's my understanding from the manual that when you set your camera to Raw, the "Artistic" settings are not available. You need to be in JPG mode for those to work.
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If you dont take into account recruiting services and their rankings, is RR able to recruit a better type of player now that he is at UM? Did he ever say he is now able to recruit a better type of player? I know according to the recruiting service rankings he clearly is, but is the name of UM clearly helping him? Im interested in your thoughts. Mostly I was wondering if he ever said he can now recruit better at UM.
well that's just, like, your opinion, man


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 24, 1983
|Filing date
|Dec 30, 1980
|Priority date
|Jan 9, 1980
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Philippe Duplessis, Denis Jouannet
|Original Assignee
|Compagnie Industrie le des Telecommunications Cit-Alcatel
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (6), Classifications (12), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to a circuit for monitoring the operation of a digital signal generator, and in particular a generator of sinewave signals. The invention is applicable to the electronics and telecommunications industries, especially in time switched telephone exchanges.
Digital generators are mainly used for emitting signalling according to various multifrequency codes. In time switching, they make it possible to process these signals and to convey them on time multiplexed connections under the same conditions as for speech signals.
Under such conditions, a digital signal generator is capable both of emitting the different possible signals corresponding to each of the codes used, and also of emitting these signals in time division on a plurality of channels going to a plurality of destinations.
In known monitoring systems, monitoring is performed by extracting the signal from the destination channels, and by comparing the extracted signal with the intended signal. Monitoring is thus fairly complex since it is performed channel by channel and for each signal for each of the codes used.
Preferred embodiments of the invention provide a circuit capable of performing permanent monitoring of the output signal from the generator without separating the channels and without taking into account the intended signals.
The present invention provides a monitoring circuit for monitoring a digital signal generator of the type that generates signals which are linear combinations of sinewave signals each of whose frequencies are defined by a coefficient K which is proportional to the corresponding frequency, such generators comprising means for storing said coefficients corresponding to all the signals to be emitted, said coefficients being stored in the form of an integer portion and a fraction portion, the number of digits in the fraction portion defining the smallest possible coefficient value, said smallest coefficient value corresponding to a signal of minimum frequency fm such that all signals emitted by the generator are at frequencies which are multiples of the minimum frequency fm, wherein the monitoring circuit comprises a redundancy factor calculator circuit connected to the output of the generator, and comparator means comparing the redundancy factor calculated by the redundancy factor calculator circuit with a stored constant theoretical value.
The circuit in accordance with the invention provides overall monitoring by redundancy factor at predetermined intervals, and without the use of a phase reference.
Much more accurate monitoring may be performed starting from a known initial state. A redundancy factor calculating circuit operating in response to the output of the generator then makes it possible to compare the redundancy factor calculated by the circuit with a theoretical redundancy factor which has been precalculated, stored in a memory, and read out from the memory. The comparison operation is performed periodically at a period which is a sub-multiple of the base period of the generator. It is thus possible to perform monitoring to as close a degree of accuracy as desired.
A preferred emnodiment of the invention is described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a periodic digital signal generator monitoring circuit in accordance with the invention.
FIG. 2 is a more detailed circuit diagram of the circuit shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram.
Consider a multifrequency digital signal generator which emits linear combinations of sinewave signals. The frequencies of the sinewave signals are generally defined by a numerical coefficient. In many cases the coefficient K is proportional to the desired frequency f:
K=af, where f=Kfo i.e. fo=1/a
In practice, K is a number that is stored in binary form with an integer portion of length n bits and a fraction portion of length p bits, having the form: ##EQU1## where n+p is the capacity of a register or a memory word, and where K is the stored number. fo is a base frequency related to that of the time base which controls the generator. For example, if reference is made to the case of a typical generator described in the Applicants' U.S. Pat. No. 3,905,030 the signal is supplied by scanning a memory which contains a table of successive values of the function Y=sin x at constant intervals. In this case, fo may be taken to be equal to the frequency at which the table is read.
In practice, there therefore exists a minimum value of a coefficient K, which is determined by the number of bits in the fraction portion: Kmin =2=p
K is always a multiple m of Kmin.
In other words f=mKmin fo
From this it follows that all frequencies generated by the generator are multiples of the minimum frequency fm =2-p fo.
The generator thus possesses a base period which is independent of the frequencies emitted at its output, and which only depends on the frequency fo and the resolution of the generator. In particular, when the generator is operating in time-sharing mode, the overall period of the output signal is the same as that of the samples supplied by one of the time slots.
The embodiment described here concerns a generator of the type indicated in the patent mentioned above, and used in a time sharing mode.
As shown in FIG. 1, the generator G is driven by a time base BT and delivers q signals in series at its output S. Each signal sample is in the form, for example, of an 8-bit byte delivered in parallel. During one complete cycle, hereinafter referred to as a frame, the generator delivers q bytes. The samples are delivered at the output S at the rate of a clock signal hA from the time base. The clock signal hA drives a counter CR having a capacity CA equal to the ratio of the period T of the generator as defined above, divided by the period t of the signal hA, i.e. CA=T/t.
In this application the data is monitored at the output of the generator by a redundancy factor calculator circuit operating on a block of b frames, i.e. b�q bytes.
The counter CR is constituted by two counters connected in series:
a step counter CRP having a capacity of q�b; and
a block counter CRB which counts blocks.
The theoretical redundancy factor of each block is stored in a read-only memory (ROM) MR which is addressed by the block counter CRB. The redundancy factor calculating circuit is constituted by a register RR storing the result of the present iteration of the calculation of the redundancy factor, and a group of exclusive OR-gates EX which receive samples from the output S of the generator on a first group of inputs E1, and the result of the previous iteration of the calculation of the redundancy factor at the output of the register RR on a second group of inputs E2.
The register RR is loaded from the outputs of the exclusive OR-gates EX under the control of a group of AND-gates P1 which are enabled by a signal hB from the time base. The signal hB has the same period as the clock signal hA, but is shifted relative thereto to ensure stable operation.
The outputs of the register RR and of the memory MR are connected to a comparator CC which applies a mark to its output in the case of non-identity between the compared signals. The output from the comparator CC is connected to the data input of a D-type fault-marking flip-flop MF. The clock input to the flip-flop is controlled by an AND-gate P2 which receives the signal hB and the output signal from the step counter CRP.
A redundancy factor calculation and a redundancy factor comparison operation are thus performed on each block. The required synchronization between the counter CRP and the generator G1 is provided by a signal SYN from the time base. This signal is received at the load enable input CH of the counter CRP to load a preset value A. Also, the register RR is reset to zero at the end of an output cycle from the counter CR.
The detailed operation of the circuit will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
The example given relates to a 128 time slot generator for use in a time division exhange using multiplexed PCM connections in accordance with the European standards, i.e. organised in frames of 32 8-bit time slots with a frame frequency of 8 kHz. The generator comprises a sine table having 1024 words that are 16 bits long (10 bits for the integer portion and 6 bits for the fraction portion). The table is scanned at the clock rate of 8 kHz.
Under these conditions, the base period T on the generator is equal to 1024�26 �8000=8.192 s.
During this period, the generator delivers a total of 128�1024�26 =223 bytes on the 128 time slots.
256 monitoring operations will be performed, for example, during this period. The capacity of the ROM is thus 256 bytes, and the block counter CRB is an 8-bit binary counter. Each monitoring operation thus concerns a block of 215 bytes.
In practice, the counter CR is driven by a clock signal h1 (FIG. 3) at the base frequency for European PCM operating at 32�8=256 signals per frame. The generator delivers one byte for every two steps of the clock h1, and the counter CR has 224 steps. The step counter CRP is constituted by two 8-bit counters (CRP1, CRP2) in series.
The set of gates P1 is enabled by the clock signal h2 and the 1-bits of the counter CRP1. The fault marking system provides for automatic reinitialisation of the generator under the following conditions:
the detection of a fault raises an alarm and resets the memories of the generator to zero; and
the alarm is cancelled only after one complete period of the generator without a new fault being detected.
The circuit comprises additional circuits shown in FIG. 2.
The outputs from the three counters CRP1, CRP2 and CRB are synchronised on the falling edge of the clock signal h1 (by groups of AND-gates P3 to P5 and inverters I1 to I5). The end of block signal at the input to the gate P2 is provided by the gates P3 and P4 and by a gate P6. An end of period signal FP is provided by an AND-gate P7 which is controlled by the gates P3 to P5 and by the clock signal h0. The end of period signal FP resets the register RR to zero. The clock signals h0, h1, and h2 have the same period and are shifted relative to each other by one-third of a time slot period.
The fault marking circuit MF comprises four D-type flip-flops (MF, B1, B2 and B3). The Q-output of the flip-flops MF controls the D-input to the flip-flop B1. The Q-output of the flip-flop B1 controls the D-input to the flip-flop B3 and the clock input to the flip-flop B2. The D-input to the flip-flop B2 is held in the 1 state. The circuits also comprise:
an alarm signalling connection AL at the output of the flip-flop B2;
a generator initialising connection RZG at the output of the flip-flop B3;
a gate P9 which receives the set value A1 and the synchronizing signal SYN to load the counter CRP1 with the eight initialising bits;
a connection for loading the counters CRP2 and CRB under the control of the flip-flop B1 via an AND-gate P8 which is enabled by the clock signal h2, and sets of gates P10 and P11 for loading preset values A2 and A3. The output of the gate P8 also controls the resetting to zero of the flip-flop MF;
the clock input to the flip-flop B1 is controlled by the output from the gate P3 via the gate P12 which is enabled by the clock signal h0 ; and
the clear input to the flip-flop B2 is controlled by the signal FP via an AND-gate P13 which is enabled by the inverted or Q outputs from the flip-flops MF and B3.
The timing diagram of FIG. 3 shows the changes of state of the Q outputs of the flip-flops (Q-MF, Q-B1 to Q-B3) in the event of a fault.
The signal on the connection RZG is maintained until the end of the frame following the detection of a fault, which makes it possible to restart the generator in phase with the signal SYN of the time base.
An important advantage of the circuit described lies in the fact that the generator is used in time sharing mode, and in that the intended signalling towards the various destination units has no effect on the monitoring, which monitoring takes place overall on the output signal upstream from the switching means for selecting the various destination units.
Naturally, the invention is not limited to the application described. Various of the means described could be replaced by equivalent means. In particular, the type of monitoring code used and the fault marking conditions and the automatic restart conditions may be modified to match the degree of monitoring required and the mode of operation of the generator. For example, monitoring could be performed only once per period, or only once per several generator periods.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 20, 1968
|Jun 1, 1971
|Lockheed Aircraft Corp
|Method and apparatus for fault detection in a logic circuit
|Sep 14, 1970
|Jul 25, 1972
|Ver Flugtechnische Werke
|Testing of redundant control systems
|Jul 19, 1971
|Sep 9, 1975
|Lannionnais Electronique
|Digital source of periodic signals
|Oct 16, 1973
|Dec 2, 1975
|Hughes Aircraft Co
|Test circuitry employing a cyclic code generator
|Apr 15, 1975
|Oct 26, 1976
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
|Automatic testing of digital logic systems
|Sep 29, 1975
|Dec 21, 1976
|Roche Bernard G
|Synthesizer of multifrequency code signals
|Mar 30, 1977
|Aug 22, 1978
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
|Apparatus for verifying the execution of a sequence of coded instructions
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 6, 1982
|Jul 2, 1985
|Tektronix, Inc.
|Signature analysis using random probing and signature memory
|Oct 16, 1985
|Feb 16, 1988
|Sperry Corporation
|Generation and diagnostic verification of complex timing cycles
|Jan 28, 2004
|Oct 21, 2004
|First Data Corporation
|Airline ticket payment and reservation system and methods
|May 18, 1989
|Nov 27, 1990
|Unisys Corporation
|Generation and diagnostic verification of complex timing cycles
|Sep 22, 1983
|Apr 11, 1985
|Siemens Ag
|Arrangement for generating sine-wave voltages with different frequencies and amplitudes in a line simulation device of a telecommunications system, in particular a telephone PABX system
|Oct 24, 2002
|May 1, 2003
|Photonage, Inc.
|A high speed optical transmitter and receiver with a serializer with a minimum frequency generator
|U.S. Classification
|714/736, 714/807, 708/274
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 26, 1983
Owner name: COMPAGNIE INDUSTRIELLE DES TELECOMMUNICATIONS CIT-
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:DUPLESSIS, PHILIPPE;JOUANNET, DENIS;REEL/FRAME:004086/0633
Effective date: 19801215
|Oct 24, 1986
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Oct 23, 1990
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Dec 27, 1994
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|May 21, 1995
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Aug 1, 1995
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19950524


text:
PS C:\install-addsforest -whatif -DomainName corp.contoso.comSafeModeAdministratorPassword: *********Confirm SafeModeAdministratorPassword: *********What if: Create a new Active Directory forest with the name 'corp.contoso.com'.Configure this server as the first Active Directory domain controller in a new forest.The new domain name is "corp.contoso.com". This is also the name of the new forest.The NetBIOS name of the domain: Automatically calculatedForest Functional Level: DefaultDomain Functional Level: Automatically calculatedAdditional Options: Global catalog: Yes DNS Server: NoDatabase folder: C:\Windows\NTDSLog file folder: C:\Windows\NTDSSYSVOL folder: C:\Windows\SYSVOLThe password of the new domain Administrator will be the same as the password of the local Administrator of this computer.Notice in this output that the install-addsforest -whatif cmdlet is used, and the entry for DNS Server is No. Despite this output, the DNS server is installed and configured as expected when the forest is created.
Article ID: 2737797 - Last Review: 09/07/2012 16:35:00 - Revision: 7.0


text:
|Message view
|« Date » · « Thread »
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|Jeremy Quinn <jer...@media.demon.co.uk>
|updated lucene components
|Sat, 23 Nov 2002 17:20:49 GMT
Hi All, I have updated the lucene search components and their documentation in Cocoon 2.1. The Search Indexer is now able to make 'stored lucene fields' out of chosen XML elements in your indexed XML, which allows you to show information like the title and summary of a document found by performing a search query. Should I highlight this addition by: a) writing a faq about it, or b) implementing it in the search example, by setting (in cocoon.xconf) that the <title/> tag of documents should be stored and modifying (if necessary) the xslt that displays hits? regards Jeremy --------------------------------------------------------------------- To unsubscribe, e-mail: email@example.com For additional commands, email: firstname.lastname@example.com
|View raw message


text:
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All products used to make this card are from Stampin'Up!
Medium: Card Stock, paper punches, big shot, Ink, snail
All products used to make this card are from Stampin'Up!
Medium: Card Stock, paper punches, big shot, Ink, snail
|Because I would eventually like to have a premium account.
Current Residence: Ontario, Canada
Favourite genre of music: all kinds
Skin of choice: Uhmm My own, I like having skin, skin is good
Personal Quote: Love all and all will be loved.
I'm so done with this year. I can't wait to start a new one. Although, even our new year won't be starting with that great of a start either...sigh.
Today, I'm thankful, why? We almost lost our home today. Our neighbors home caught fire and almost took ours with it. Without giving it a second thought, my husband ran into the home and rescued the older gentleman in there. Worst thing to witness, yet one of the proudest memories I'll forever have of my husband. To see him carrying that old man out of that house as smoke and flames poured out behind him. Sigh. It still makes me feel sick to my stomach.
What else happened this year? Well lots...of bad crappy stuff. 2016, my hubby will probably be going on strike. So that means no money coming in, so we might loose our home after all. Sigh again, sigh.
Well, at least all of us are safe and sound. Our neighbors may not have a home as of right now, but they are all safe and alive.
So I may not be excited for 2016 just yet, and I might be more then happy to see 2015 shine its tail lights in the distance. For now, I'll remain thankful.
Happy New Year. I wish you all good health and send lots of love.


text:
"This is the reason that I listen to Audiobooks"
Only did audio, but in my experience with such a good reader there is no comparison
I wait for books that offer a unique story with beautiful writing that just takes you in and doesn't let go
Highly recommended. Beautiful book.
"Midlife male, midlife crisis, great story"
I admit, I read the synopsis and ordered the book. Then, I lost sight of it in the mass of other impulse books I tend to order. I am so glad that I finally migrated back to Harold Fry. As we approach a certain age, midlife or perhaps beyond, we face thoughts and regrets about things we have done unto others. Harold Fry's crisis relates to an incident in his work setting -- he allowed another to take responsibility for something he had done. She is now dying of cancer and he decides to walk across Britain as a sign of repentance and to ask for forgiveness. It is certainly a LARGE gesture, but given what this character has faced in life, it is understandable. I think many of us would want to opt-out of life for a while and do something out of character. Harold does that. He attracts attention from others and disrupts his wife's quiet existence.
The writing is direct, thoughtful and even believable, given the basic premise. I appreciated the story's unfolding and the burdens the main character has carried with during his life. It is filled with anticipation of a reunion that becomes much more than a determined meeting between two former colleagues.
This book reflects regret, atonement, unwanted attention, distance and coming together. I truly appreciated its subject and imagine that it will provoke discussion among other readers.
Marriage and Family Therapist
"Love and redemption on a very long walk"
Sometimes magical thinking works. Harold sets off to save a friend in a way that makes his wife question his sanity, but his quirky quest leads to more being saved than either could have imagined. Sweet, funny, moving. Loved it.
"Much more than I expected"
This one pulls you in. Starting simply you are pulled into a lifetime of reflection on choices made, heartaches suffered....the tapestry that made Harold and his wife. I aches with them, I cried with them, I laughed with them, and I felt their lives. Don't miss this one
"Exploring the human character"
I enjoyed the writing, the story and the performance in almost equal measure. A section of the book dragged somewhat and seemed out of place (I won't say which to avoid a spoiler) but the book was well worth the listen. I thought the author did an excellent job of teasing out the story of Harold's relationships and portraying how we all suppress "unpleasantness" in our lives. It was also genuinely touching without being maudlin.
"It's not about the shoes"
A wonderful piece. You may feel it starts off slowly but relax and go with it! Soon you will not want to eat lunch or go to bed.
"Wonderful story - tear"
I wasn't prepared for this story. But as in most good stories, that made it even better.
I quickly identified with Harold Fry, as I am a father of an only son - and my parents' only son. And about 2/3 of the way through, I thought I had it figured out. But I found myself crying uncontrollably, while driving around town listening to the last few chapters.
This was truly an unlikely, but memorable pilgrimage for Harold and for me.
"Best audiobook ever!"
The narrator of this book makes it such a joy to listen to that I couldn't put it down!
"Touching personal journey"
This rates among the top books I've listened to over the past year. Jim Broadbents narration is perfect. Harold's pilgramage is an end of life journey of remembrance and self searching that is at once touching and poignant. And though Harold leaves his wife Maureen at home as he sets off unexpectantly on foot to a friend dying of cancer, she herself embarks upon her own journey of remembrance that exposes her own empty cold life. This unlikely pilgrimage leads both Harold and Maureen to a new beginnning that neither of them imagined. This beautiful story merges lives of emptiness and pain to a beautiful conclusion. Do not hestitate. This one is worth your time.
"a wonderful look at life"
What a journey, the author weaves a tale that goes thru our humanity in creative intimate encounters. I loved it, this is one i would listen to again, just to relish the depth of it.


text:
|ESPN Network: ESPN.com | NBA.com | NHL.com | WNBA.com | ABCSports | EXPN | INSIDER | FANTASY
Pasquarelli: What's next for Smith?
Smith's milestones keep piling up
The List: 10 greatest NFL records
Sweet As Can Be
Emmitt Smith explains the importance of passing Walter Payton for the all-time rushing record.
Standard | Cable Modem
Wednesday, November 19, 2003
ESPN Classic Tribute: Emmitt Smith
Cowboys running back Emmitt Smith became the NFL's all-time leading rusher on Sunday, gaining 109 against the Seahawks for 16,743 career yards, passing the great Walter Payton, who had held the mark with 16,726 since 1987. ESPN Classic celebrates Smith's achievement with a Classic Tribute to Emmitt Smith, presented by Campbell's Chunky Soup, on Thursday, Oct. 31 from 8 p.m. - 4 a.m. ET.
ESPN Classic Tribute: Emmitt Smith
8 p.m./midnight - SportsCentury: Emmitt Smith
9 p.m./1 a.m. - Classic College Football
FSU's Peter Tom Willis threw for 319 yards and three touchdowns. Inexperience at quarterback hurt Smith's Gators, who saw freshman Donald Douglas complete only four of 12 passes for 54 yards before Lex Smith replaced him in the fourth quarter.
10:30 p.m./2:30 a.m. - 1992 Dallas Cowboys Yearbook
11 p.m./3 a.m. - 1993 Dallas Cowboys Yearbook
11:30 p.m./3:30 a.m. - 1995 Dallas Cowboys Yearbook
What They're Saying about Emmitt Smith
"The first thing he said to me -- and we were not a good team at the time -- was he wanted to win Super Bowls for you guys. And he did that.
"He said he wanted to win rushing titles, and he did that. "He said he wanted to win MVPs, and he did that. "His last goal, which I thought was a fantasy, was to become the all-time leading rusher in the NFL. And today he did that." -- Irvin.
Send this story to a friend | Most sent stories


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Independence Day in Los Angeles
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Big Moves with Chevron and Mammoet
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firepower is the quickest way to get your fireworks fix, while taking in some beautiful views high above…
Stars over LA
I posted this on Instagram yesterday, but here it is in full HD –
This is what the night sky looks like over LA when there is less light pollution. I shot this a few weeks ago from Mt. Wilson as the entire LA basin was covered in fog. The long exposures…
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I have two issues.
1: I need to center the red samurai box logo on my website http://SamuraiLabs.cc/MissionControl/
ive tried everything, yet cant get anything to work.
2: I need to remove the annoying little tags that show up over a grey lightbox on every article preview on my main page.
another problem is, when you click any of my catagories on the left... the posts dont show images... its just a grey box.