text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 21, 1997
|Filing date
|Jun 1, 1994
|Priority date
|Jul 3, 1991
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Hauke Schmidt, Roland Klinnert, Rudi Kober, Peter Bock
|Original Assignee
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (8), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (29), Classifications (12), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/907,304, filed Jul. 1, 1992 now abandoned.
COOPER et al./NESTOR European application 0 191 407 A2, publ. 20 AUG. 1986;
PROJECT ALIAS, Phase 1 Final Report, Jan. 1989-March 1990, Research Inst. for Applied Knowledge Processing, Ulm, Germany; (in German: Forschungsinstitut fur anwendungsorientierte Wissenverarbeitung or F.A.W.).
The present invention relates generally to processing of digital or digitized signals and, more particularly, to processing of gray-scale image data to detect anomalies in the images.
In many fields of science and technology, it is necessary to classify real-value signals into one or more classes. The signals may be one-dimensional, such as acoustic signals and other time-dependent measured quantities of various kinds. Two-dimensional signals are functions of two variables, such as camera images, image sequences, projections, and acoustic signals in the form of sonograms. Finally, it is possible to classify n-dimensional signals, which are functions of n variables.
The previous suggestions for classification of signals have often been directed to binary signals, that is, signals which can assume only two states or levels, such as black-white images. Such a system is disclosed in the research report "PROJECT ALIAS--Phase 1 Final Report, Jan. 1989-March 1990," of Research Inst. for Applied Knowledge Processing, Ulm, Germany, published May 16, 1990; the system uses multiple parallel channels to extract features from a stream of binary signals.
Thus, in classifying images with multiple gray levels, one often carries out, prior to the actual classification, a comparison with a threshold value, in order to obtain binary images adapted for processing by a binary classification system. However, this often results in loss of important information.
COOPER et al./NESTOR, INC. European Patent Application 0,191,407 A2, published 20 AUG. 1986 and corresponding to U.S. Ser. Nos. 702,188 and 775,144, filed 1985, discloses another prior art system with multiple classification channels, whose output signals are combined to reach a classification result. In the individual channels, the signals to be classified are compared with prototypes, which represent their class as a hypersphere about their position in pattern space. The radius of this hypersphere is adjusted using a learning algorithm. According to a training phase, pattern vectors are associated with test signals of a particular class, to which the prototype also belongs, and in whose hypersphere they fall. The classification is specified using a spacing measurement, namely the spacing from the input pattern vector to the prototype vector. Extensive overlapping of various classes in pattern space leads in a so-called "confusion zone" to a multiplicity of prototypes with very small "regions of influence"; these can lead to substantial problems in the capacity to generalize the system. Further, many runs in the training phase are needed to define the prototypes.
An object of the present invention is to provide an "Artificial Intelligence" method of classifying signals which respectively represent one of multiple possible amplitude values of the signal, which method can readily be adapted to different tasks or physical applications, and which is distinguished by as simple a "learning" process as possible.
Briefly, the method of the present invention carries out, in either one channel or in several parallel channels, the following processing steps:
sampling or scanning incoming signals to produce a matrix of scan values,
selecting subsets of said scan values to define samples,
extracting at least one feature from each sample,
using said at least one feature as an address to retrieve, from a table, a corresponding probability-of-occurrence value,
deriving, from the probability-of-occurrence values of a plurality of said samples, a decision value, and
comparing said decision value with a predetermined threshold value.
Although the method is adapted to learning and recognition of multiple classes, the learning procedure for a single class is particularly simple, according to the inventive method. The description of the classes is accomplished using only examples of signals which fall within the respective class. The learning process of the present invention extracts, from the data, the rules necessary for classification. The data need only be fed once per example, and the rules are learned implicitly.
Exemplary applications of the inventive method are, among others, the recognition of defective products in a production process (automatic quality control or "reject" removal), the recognition of objects in images of natural scenes, and the recognition of anomalies in time series.
The signals to be classified by means of the present invention can be generated by a single sensor, e.g. a video camera or CCD (Charge Coupled Device) scanner, or by multiple sensors which observe the same process or object. The inventive method is particularly well adapted for solving pattern recognition problems involving multidimensional signals. It is in a position, given good training examples, to independently extract their typical features and to learn them. It is possible to train a system, equipped to practice the inventive method, with either one class or multiple classes, each class and each channel generating a table.
The probability-of-occurrence values, which are stored in the table, need not correspond exactly to the previously conveyed values for the probability of occurrence; the stored values need only to represent a monotonic function of the probability of occurrence.
A refinement of the basic method of the invention is to use multiple processing channels and, prior to further evaluation, to combine with one another the probabilities of occurrence retrieved from the tables of the respective channels. This provides a broader possible field of application for the method of the invention.
One can carry out the method of the invention by spacing the samples from one another by a sampling interval a, where a is an integer whose value is between 1 and the number of temporally sequential sample or scan values which define a sample. For example, given 9 values, a is between 1 and 9. The choice of the size of the samples, and of the interval a permits matching or adjustment of the inventive method to various tasks.
Another refinement of the basic method of the invention is to extract, in each processing channel, multiple features or patterns, which together define an address for retrieval from the table. In this manner, it becomes simple to factor in the combined probability of occurrence of the extracted features. In a practical embodiment of the method of the invention, this refinement must also accommodate itself to the structure of digital signal processing (DSP) systems, which typically operate with an address space of 16 binary places. Since a finer quantization of the features is often neither necessary nor practical, the formation of a common address for multiple features utilizes the aforementioned address space effectively.
A further increase in the flexibility of the method of the invention is made possible if the address also contains supplemental information (Z) which is not derived by extracting features from the samples. This supplemental information can contain, for example, details about the combination and/or weighting of features contained in the same address, about circumstances during generation of the signals, and/or details relating to the internal state of the classification apparatus. Further, the supplemental information can be derived from processing steps subsequent to the feature extraction.
Preferably, one can provide that, in the individual channels, processing occurs with samples of differing sizes and/or involves extraction of different features or patterns. With these differences between the individual channels, the handling of manifold and complex assignments is possible. One may also provide for other differences among the individual channels. To the respective channels, one can direct signals of different sensors which observe the same process or the same object.
Another refinement of the basic method of the invention is, when combining the probability values retrieved from the respective tables, to first combine the probability values retrieved, based upon the features of temporally or spatially corresponding samples, then to calculate from the combined probability values a decision value, and finally to compare the decision value with a predetermined threshold value. This procedure results in a particularly advantageous combination of the results of the individual channels.
In order to suppress noise components of the signals, one can provide filtering of the signals prior to feature extraction and/or filtering of the probability values retrieved from the table or tables.
In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, if each sample is an array of pixels which is m pixels horizontally and n pixels vertically, and the scan or sampling values represent characteristics (such as monochrome gray-scale values or colors), and the samples are taken successively, line-by-line, the offset from one sample to the following one along the horizontal line is a distance of between 1 and m pixels wide, and the offset in the perpendicular direction (e.g. vertically) is a distance between 1 and n pixels high.
With this embodiment, the classification of various image formats is possible. For example, in the field of quality control, the surfaces of a series of industrial products can be monitored for anomalies, e.g. scratches and striations. Preferably, in this embodiment, m=n, which means a quadratic or square sample.
Features which the method is well adapted to extract include: Mean Value, Activity (Sum of the absolute values of the differences between contiguous pixels of the same sample), Moment, Gradient (Magnitude and Direction), Texture, Variance, Fractal Dimensions, Derivatives, Relative or Absolute Position of a Sample, and Temporal or Spatial Combination with at least 1 other sample.
During extraction of features, there occur regularly values with relatively high precision, that is, a large number of binary places. If one uses such values as addresses for the tables of probability of occurrence, during the learning process, one needs, for statistical reasons, a very large number of different samples and different signals, in order that a reliable value for the probability of occurrence can be stored under each individual address of the table. In order to meaningfully reduce the number of various samples and signals, a further refinement of the invention provides that the features used for formation of the respective addresses are scaled and/or quantized, i.e. approximated to a consistent number of binary places.
By "quantization," we mean the subdivision of the respective feature into coarser quantized levels, which in its simplest form can be carried out by leaving off or truncating least significant binary places. By "scaling," we mean primarily use of non-linear characteristic curves, so that, for example, the greater part of a value range is associated with a single address, while the remainder of the value range is quantized over the remaining possible values or addresses.
The method of the invention operates completely translation-invariant. This means that the determination of the probability of occurrence of a pattern does not depend upon the position of the pattern in the signal. This invariance can be partially or completely dispensed with, if the absolute position, or the position relative to a reference point, of the pattern is chosen as a feature.
For this purpose, during the classification of images using the inventive method, one can employ supplemental information, contained in the address, in an advantageous way, namely by having the supplemental information contain data about the position of the respective sample within the image.
An advantageous learning procedure, in the context of the inventive method, is for signals to be fed during a learning procedure, which signals fall into the class or category to be learned, and for the following processing steps to be carried out in a single channel or in parallel in multiple channels:
from multiple scan values, samples are chosen or defined;
from each sample, at least one feature is extracted;
this feature, or the features of respective samples, are used as addresses, so that when a feature occurs, a value previously stored, at the address associated with the feature, is incremented.
Thereby, one can provide that a non-linear weighting of the frequency or "oftenness" distribution is carried out, and/or that, during incrementation, further samples are factored in or taken into consideration.
A further refinement of the invention is to display, on a CRT or LCD or plasma screen or the like, the probability of occurrence data retrieved from the table and/or combined. Such a depiction can be used for verification of the completed classification, which regions have contributed to the decision and how. This is another advantage over other learning procedures, which mostly permit no localized verification of the decision.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a block diagram representing a channel during classification of signals while the equations of FIG. 2b show the calculations which computing units MM, MA, MG and MD of FIG. 2a perform;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram representing a channel during a "learning" step;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a way of combining the results of various channels;
FIGS. 5A to 5R are a series of screen displays illustrating the results of various method steps for a first image to be classified;
FIGS. 6A and 6B are a series of screen displays during classification of a further image; and
FIGS. 7A to 7G are a series of screen displays during use of the method of the invention for industrial quality control.
Identical elements shown in different figures are designated with the same reference numeral in each figure.
For carrying out the method of the present invention, suitable computers are those with a corresponding processing capacity. Due to the relatively large number of partially parallel operations, multiple computers, processors, transputers, and the like can be used. The FIG. 1 representation of the inventive method can thus be seen as a suggestion for a suitable program, or as an example of a structure of individual circuit groups. In the sense of a concrete or "hardware" representation, FIGS. 2 through 4 are directed to circuits per se. However, a person skilled in the data processing art could readily use these circuit diagrams to develop suitable "software" programs to perform the functions.
The method depicted in FIG. 1 starts from an original image 0 which, for example, is already in digital form and consists of a 256�256 array of image elements or pixels, each having a gray scale value represented by an 8-bit dataword. For signal processing, 32 channels K1 through K32 are provided. Depending upon the task to be performed, one could also use a smaller or larger number of channels.
At the input of each channel, a respective filter F1 through F32 is provided, with which components, of original image 0, unsuited for classification, are suppressed. Individually, for example, one could suppress predetermined frequencies, especially with a low-pass filter, or one could carry out an undersampling. Frequently, one can also apply a "window" function, according to which only the image elements within a predetermined window, or range of values, get passed along for further processing.
After the filtering, formation of samples P1 through P32 is carried out. Details are set forth below in connection with FIG. 2. From each sample, a respective element M1 through M32 extracts features, for example four features per sample.
In order to avoid an excessive number of addresses, a respective stage Q1 through Q32 quantizes the features, e.g. by truncating several least significant binary places. The individually quantized features are assembled, in a respective vector stage V1 through V32, into a feature vector. Each feature vector is fed to a respective table T1 through T32, in which there is also recorded, for each vector, an associated probability of occurrence, derived from a respective learning stage L1 through L32.
The probabilities of occurrence retrieved for each image are available as a matrix, corresponding to the origins or sources of the individual samples, and form a respective hypothesis H1 through H32. These are combined in a further method step C to define a superhypothesis SH. From this, a further step E calculates a decision value, which subsequently is compared in step S with a threshold value. The result R is available at the output as a determination of the class membership or categorization.
FIG. 2 is a more detailed block diagram of one of the channels K1 through K32 of FIG. 1. An input 1 is connected to a filter F (shown here as a low-pass filter), whose output is connected to a circuit P for breaking down the input images into samples. Circuit P consists essentially of a read-write memory 2 with a data input Di and a data output Do, as well as an address generator 3 which can be programmed by signals fed into its input 4. Input 4, as well as further inputs 5-9, shown at the top of FIG. 2a, serve for feeding of control signals generated by a control unit, not shown, which direct the individual circuits to perform varying functions, depending upon the respective task and the respective operating state.
Read-write memory 2 has a capacity of 256�256 values. For simplicity of illustration, FIG. 2a shows only memory locations for an 8�8 array of sample values. For recording of the filtered original image, the address generator 3 is so controlled that the address for read-write memory 2 is incremented line-by-line, that is, in the sequence a1, a2, . . . a8, b1, b2, . . . b8.
For formation of samples, address generator 3 is programmed so that the respective scan values of a sample are sequentially read out over data output Do and fed to the subsequent or downstream circuit M. Given a sample of 9 image elements or pixels, as shown in FIG. 2a, the readout begins with pixel a1, followed by a2 and a3, then pixels b1, b2, and b3, then finally pixels c1, c2, and c3. If the sample with the foregoing image elements is processed in the downstream circuit M, next a one-pixel rightwardly translated sample with the image elements indicated by the dashed border is read out. Further samples shown at top right follow, until the dash-dotted sample is read out. Thereafter follow a further series of samples, starting from image element or pixel b1. The top-left image element of a sample will be called the "origin" of the sample in the following discussion.
As previously mentioned, in the method of the present invention, one can process, in the different channels, samples of differing sizes. One could also provide varying numbers of steps from sample to sample.
In the hardware embodiment of FIG. 2a, circuit M contains four computing units, which are programmable via respective inputs 5 through 8. Computing unit MM has, in the example illustrated, the function of finding the mean or average value of the scan values of a sample, computing unit MA serves for calculation of the activity within the sample, computing unit MG determines the absolute value of the gradient, and computing unit MD determines the direction of the gradient within the sample. The equations, according to which the respective computing units operate, are set forth in FIG. 2b.
The results of the feature extraction are quantized in circuit Q. Depending upon the kind and significance of the individual features, a suitably fine quantization can be carried out. The results are assembled at V into a feature vector MV. In the example, the features Mean Value, Activity, Absolute Value of Gradient, and Angle of Gradient are each quantized to 3 binary places, so that, of a total of 16 binary places, 4 binary places remain for supplemental information Z. In the example shown in FIG. 2, these remaining bits are used to add location information to the feature vector, which is accomplished using the address generator. Further, as shown at the right side of FIG. 2a, the control unit (not shown) can use input 9 to set one binary place of supplemental information Z arbitrarily, as desired.
The feature vector MV and supplemental information Z are fed to a read-write memory 10 as an address. Memory 10 stores, for each address MV+Z, a value which was derived, in a learning process, from the probability of occurrence of the respective feature vector MV. This value can directly represent the probability of occurrence, but alternatively, can also represent a monotonic function of the probability of occurrence.
This value will henceforth be referred to as "Normality" since it represents a standard of the extent to which the respective feature vector MV is "normal" for an image fed during the learning process.
For each sample, in dependence upon the associated address MV+Z, a Normality value is retrieved from read-write memory 10. This value is stored in a further read-write memory H (FIG. 2a), at an address corresponding to the origin of the sample. This address is fed from address generator 3 to the address input A of memory H. By line-by-line retrieval addressing of memory H, one can read out the Normalities line-by-line at data output Do.
Before proceeding to a discussion of the processing of a hypothesis (or hypotheses in the case of multiple channels), an explanation of the "learning" process is in order.
FIG. 3 illustrates selected portions of a channel, which are involved in the learning process or are controlled other than in accordance with the classification. The generation of feature vector MV and of supplemental information Z occurs in the same manner as during the classification itself. Illustration of circuits F, P, M, Q, and V has therefore been omitted. A memory for hypothesis H is not required in connection with the learning process.
In addition to a read-write memory T for the Normalities, the arrangement according to FIG. 3 includes a computing element 21 and a control apparatus 22, which actuates switchover between a Write mode and a Read mode, as indicated at input W/R of memory T. Prior to the beginning of the learning procedure, the content of the read-write memory is erased. As soon as an address MV+Z is present for a sample, the content of the corresponding cell of read-write memory T is read out, and modified in accordance with an instruction previously applied to a control terminal 23 of computing element 21. In the simplest case, this modification consists of incrementation, so that the normality is directly proportional to the frequency of occurrence of the corresponding address.
The computing element can, however, apply other functions, particularly non-linear ones. The result of the calculation is written back into read-write memory T at the same address. Then the address derived from the next sample is fed, and the previously stored Normality is correspondingly modified.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example of the combination of the hypotheses, derived in the individual channels, into a superhypothesis, of the calculation of a decision value, and of the evaluation of the decision value.
The hypotheses of the individual channels are read out of the respective read-write memories HI through H32, in which they were previously stored in accordance with FIG. 2. For generation of the addresses, there is an address generator 25, which feeds the same addresses to the address inputs A of each respective read-write memory H1 through H32. Thus are applied simultaneous, locationally corresponding Normality values to inputs of a computing unit 26, which is programmable, via a control input 27, to carry out various calculations. One can, for example, derive the minimum value or the maximum value or the mean value of the Normality values fed in. The result is written, on the one hand, to a further read-write memory 28 while using the same addresses, and is available there, for example for readout as a screen image representation.
In order to form a decision value, according to the embodiment of FIG. 4, the output values of computing unit 26 are added up in a further computing unit 29. Thus is formed a decision value, which is fed to a threshold value circuit 30. Each of computing unit 29 and threshold circuit 30 is controllable, over a respective control input 31, 32.
The more features, of an image to be classified, fall into the "feature region" created during the learning procedure, the more Normalities of the hypotheses and of superhypotheses assume greater values in the region of their upper limit values. Correspondingly, their sum, i.e. the decision value, becomes larger. In accordance with a threshold determined for each respective application, one can decide whether the image to be classified falls into the learned class or not. Thus, at output R, a corresponding digital signal is made available.
FIGS. 5A to 5R show using multiple screen images, the signals arising during the various processing steps, subject to the following conditions: in a previous learning procedure, fractals were learned, since such images are well suited for experimentation and demonstration purposes. Four channels were used, in each of which the features Mean Value, Activity, and Gradient Absolute Value were extracted. The step width in all channels during formation of samples was 1, while the sizes of the samples vary from channel to channel. The individual images are designated according to the method step (FIGS. 1-2) through which they were created.
The original image according to FIG. 5A represents a fractal which falls into the learned class, but which contains as an anomaly, the word "ANOMALY." FIG. 5B represents the superhypothesis from which, in a simple manner, as described in connection with FIG. 4, the result R can be computed. It is apparent that the surface components, and thus also the number of Normalities with a low value (in the representation as an image, the number of dark pixels or image elements) clearly exceeds the fraction of further Normalities of low value distributed across the image.
These further Normalities of low value scattered across the image arise essentially through an incomplete learning process. During practical application of the method, for economic reasons, the learning procedure is not driven so far, that all conceivable images to be classified with all Normalities reach the maximal value. The threshold at 30 (FIG. 4) is set correspondingly.
Should it be useful, one could, for further evaluation of the superhypotheses, draw upon other known image processing methods which, for example, suppress solitary-occuring Normalities of low value (individual black points in FIG. 5B) and consider only greater aggregations.
As the images in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B show, the anomalousness within the superhypothesis impacts the observer substantially more strongly than in the original image. Therefore, in this connection, it is pointed out that, depending upon the use or application, the method of the invention is advantageously usable with the formation of one or multiple hypotheses or superhypotheses. On the one hand, for example, in scientific research, the anomalies of an image can be easily observed without carrying out a fully automatic classification. On the other hand, the observation of "intermediate images" during automation applications, e.g. during the learning procedure or in a test phase required by the learning procedure, is provided for, even though one would prefer a fully automatic classification during regular operation.
The images of FIGS. 5C through 5F show the results of Mean Value formation in channels K1 through K4 with samples of different sizes. The larger the samples are, the more details are transmitted. Something similar applies for details of fractals according to Activity, which is illustrated in the images of FIGS. 5K through 5N. As sample sizes increase, the individual values of the activities equalize. For samples, in which pixels of the anomaly participate, there result high Activity values.
Images of FIGS. 5G through 5J are formed from the Absolute Values of the Gradients. In the small samples in channel 1, (image 5G), the written stroke comes across clearly, whereas in larger samples, little differentiation between the written stroke and the fractal is seen.
The individual features represented in the images of FIGS. 5C through 5F, 5K through 5N, and 5G through 5J, form in each channel an address with which one can read out from the table a Normality value, which leads to the hypotheses shown in images of FIGS. 5O through 5R. As a consequence of the previous learning procedure, the images of FIGS. 5O through 5R exhibit, at the places, whose content is determined exclusively by the fractal, essentially white image elements, i.e. maximal Normality. Since the anomaly is not learned, it leads to black pixels, i.e. to very low Normalities.
The example illustrated in FIG. 6A and 6B starts from an original image representing a fractal which has noise superimposed on it at two places. From the superhypothesis depicted in FIG. 6B, it is apparent that the associated Normality values are high for the undisturbed image regions and low for the disturbed or noisy image regions. By means of the calculation, represented in connection with FIG. 4, of a decision value and the subsequent comparison with a threshold value, the presence of a disturbance or anomaly can easily be detected here also.
FIGS. 7A to 7G illustrate a successful application of the inventive method to industrial quality control. Images of metallic surfaces are examined and, after a training run of 100 good images, the surface images are classified as either "good" or "bad." For this application, two channels were used. Each original image (FIG. 7A) is fed separately to each of the two channels, and there broken down, without filtering, into overlapping samples, sized 6�6 pixels.
Channel 1 extracts, from these samples, the two features "Middle or Mean Value" (FIG. 7G) and "Gradient Magnitude" (FIG. 7F). The value of each of these features falls in a range between 0% and a maximum value (100%). During feature quantization, the Gradient Magnitude is linearly quantized in a range between 0% and 6% of the maximum value using 8 bits (that is, 28 =256 steps or levels). The Mean Value is linearly quantized, using 8 bits, in a range between 0% and 45%. Feature values, which are larger than the upper boundary or limit, are assigned the top quantizing level. By concatenating (stringing together) the quantized feature values, a "feature vector" of 16-bit-length is generated, which addresses the Normality table of the channel.
Channel 2 extracts from the samples, the two features "Gradient Magnitude" (FIG. 7F) and "Direction of Gradient" (FIG. 7E). The direction is linearly quantized using 8 bits in the whole value range from 0% to 360%, while the Magnitude is, as in Channel 1, linearly quantized using 8 bits only in the range from 0% to 6%. The resulting feature vector is again used for addressing of the Normality table of the channel.
The range hypotheses produced in this manner (FIG. 7C and 7D) result through the medium of the superhypotheses (FIG. 7B), from whose mean Normality value the decision value is calculated. If the decision value lies above a previously determined or specified threshold, the input image is classified as "good"; otherwise, it is classified as "bad."
Various changes and modifications, and additional physical applications, are possible within the scope of the inventive concept.
A suitable memory 2 is model no. IDT7006 made by the firm Integrated Device Technology. For 64K-Byte memory 4 chips are needed.
A suitable address generator 3 is model no. IMS T800 made by the firm INMOS. The IMS T800 is a 32-Bit microprocessor, which is part of the transputer family made by INMOS (now part of SGS-Thomson).
The address generation for memory 2 can ,for example, be done with an OCCAM- program such as the following (--OCCAM is a specific programming language for transputers--):
Di=data input for memory 2
Da=data -output for memory 2
A=address input for memory 2
sampleLengthY=length of sample in Y-direction (from input 4)
sampleLengthX=length of sample in X-direction (from input 4)
read image data 256�256
SEQ i=0 FOR 256
SEQ j=0 FOR 256
write sample data 256�256
SEQ k=0 FOR (257-sampleLengthY)--row-counter
SEQ I=0 FOR (257-sampleLengthX)--column-counter
SEQ m=0 FOR sampleLengthY
SEQ n=0 FOR sampleLengthX
Generating the 3-Bit location information for the feature vector V can ,for example, be done with an OCCAM- program such as the following:
Zloc is the additional location information in Y-direction for the feature vector V
k is the row-counter in the write sample data 256�256'- routine above and is
the location information in Y-direction Zloc:=k/32
The address generation for memory H can ,br example, be done with an OCCAM- program such as the following:
AdrH=address input for memory H
k is the row-counter in the write sample data 256�256'- routine above
I is the column-counter in the write sample data 256�256'- routine above AdrH:=(256*k)+I
A suitable memory 10 is model no. IDT7006 made by the firm Integrated Device Technology. For 64K-Byte memory 4 chips are needed.
A suitable memory H is model no. IDT7006 made by the firm Integrated Device Technology. For 64K-Byte memory 4 chips are needed.
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|Method, system, and computer program product for visualizing a decision-tree classifier
|Oct 20, 1998
|Oct 9, 2001
|Silicon Graphics, Inc.
|Method, system, and computer program product for visualizing a data structure
|Apr 30, 1999
|Apr 16, 2002
|Silicon Graphics, Inc.
|Method, system and computer program product for visually approximating scattered data using color to represent values of a categorical variable
|Dec 22, 1998
|Oct 1, 2002
|Silicon Graphics, Inc.
|Method system and computer program product for visualizing an evidence classifier
|Nov 12, 1996
|Nov 12, 2002
|Silicon Graphics, Inc.
|Computer-related method, system, and program product for controlling data visualization in external dimension(s)
|Jun 1, 1999
|Aug 5, 2003
|Beltronics, Inc.
|Method of and apparatus for optical imaging inspection of multi-material objects and the like
|Jul 22, 2002
|Jan 11, 2005
|Silicon Graphics, Inc.
|Computer-related method and system for controlling data visualization in external dimension(s)
|Jul 26, 2001
|Sep 13, 2005
|Lite-On Technology Corporation
|Fast gamma correction method for image reading apparatus
|Sep 30, 2004
|Oct 23, 2007
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Methods and apparatus for transmitting signals through network elements for classification
|Sep 12, 2006
|Jun 1, 2010
|Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.
|Systems and methods for producing classifiers with individuality
|Oct 2, 2006
|Aug 30, 2011
|Simon Fraser University
|Methods and apparatus for detecting defects in imaging arrays by image analysis
|Jan 22, 2013
|The Boeing Company
|Method for detecting optical defects in transparencies
|Dec 19, 2013
|Jun 21, 2016
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Intelligent electronic monitoring system
|Jul 26, 2001
|Jan 30, 2003
|Sean Chiu
|Fast gamma correction method for image reading apparatus
|Sep 30, 2004
|May 25, 2006
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Methods and apparatus for transmitting signals through network elements for classification
|Sep 12, 2006
|Mar 13, 2008
|Shashidhar Sathyanarayana
|Systems And Methods For Producing Classifiers With Individuality
|Oct 2, 2006
|Sep 11, 2008
|Glenn Harrison Chapman
|Methods and Apparatus for Detecting Defects in Imaging Arrays by Image Analysis
|Mar 26, 2010
|Sep 29, 2011
|The Boeing Company
|Method for detecting optical defects in transparencies
|Dec 19, 2013
|Jun 19, 2014
|Robert Bosch Gmbh
|Intelligent electronic monitoring system
|Oct 2, 2006
|Apr 5, 2007
|Simon Fraser University
|Methods and apparatus for detecting defects in imaging arrays by image analysis
|U.S. Classification
|382/159, 704/204, 382/228, 382/170
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 21, 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Apr 5, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Apr 9, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
July 21, 2016, 9:50 pm
Awwww. I love kid logic! Lol Don't you?
Read More »
July 21, 2016, 9:02 pm
Bruhhhhh!! This is starting to get a bit out of hand. This is crazy.
July 21, 2016, 7:34 pm
I laughed so hard at this! Lol It's stupid hilarious! It's so funny to see people's minds blown while watching this in person.
Just watch!
July 20, 2016, 9:44 pm
Uh, What the hell is wrong with this woman!?! How is this okay?!
How do you feel about this?
Do you think this is child abuse or not?
July 19, 2016, 9:43 pm
Man. I'm glad these guys were able to stop this child molester. I'm happy that this sick person is off the streets.
July 19, 2016, 9:12 pm
Photo Credit: Facebook video.
This video is INTENSE! This is one of my worst fears, going down a water slide and falling the hell out. Good thing he's okay!
Watch the video below.
July 19, 2016, 8:07 pm
Yooooooo - Could you imagine being there and seeing this?!! This would totally spook me out!
I would have probably have gotten up and walked out.
Watch below.
July 18, 2016, 9:10 pm
Photo Credit: Getty Images.
Uhhhh.. Is it ever that serious!?! Would you ever quit your job so you can play a game full time?!?
That's so freakin' bogus - I could never do anything like...
July 18, 2016, 7:38 pm
Photo Credit: Getty Images.
I have no idea why I have such an issue with her saying this... I feel like she's a famous person and I think she needs not to say such things, if that makes...
July 18, 2016, 6:59 pm
I keep saying. WHAT ARE YOU GIRLS HIDING UNDER THAT MAKE UP!?!? LOL! I had no idea that Make up, can do all of this! AFREAKIN'MAZING!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Center for Conflict Studies Celebrates Inaugural Week with Host of Events
Prepare for Adventure: MIIS Winter Term Offerings Announced
Career Focus Day Helps Students Maximize Their Potential
Veterans Reintegration Project
Becoming a US Military Veteran: Contemporary Perspectives on Reintegration
Religion and Gender: Identity, Conflict, and Power
Opening Paragraph
November 8-10, 2012
Monterey, CA
Exploring Religion & Gender
MIIS Welcomes One of Its Largest Classes Ever, Launches Three New Degree Programs
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Both U.S. and international students are eligible for merit or need-based scholarships. To apply, submit your application for admission by the next priority scholarship deadline. You'll upload a Personal Scholarship Statement as part of your online application.


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Big Data
Latest from TechRepublic
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A new partnership between Mirantis, Intel, and Google promises to remake OpenStack in Google's image, containerizing OpenStack services and managing them in Kubernetes.
SmartFlow Professional wants to help you stop software piracy and collect lost revenue
SmartFlow Professional is designed to stop revenue loss due to piracy. This entry-level software package has just received a makeover, which is great for small developers who build expensive software.
Pokemon Go: is it a BYOD security nightmare?
BYOD security is already a headache for businesses. Add a super-popular app that's become a target and you have a recipe for serious trouble.
Business travelers: Use Google Maps 'areas of interest' to find cool stuff in new cities
Google Maps was recently updated with a new design, color scheme, and "areas of interest," which show areas that are full of restaurants, bars and shops.
Video: How Facebook Live gets the masses engaged at the RNC and DNC with 'broadcast capability in your pocket'
TechRepublic's Dan Patterson spoke with Facebook's VP of Public Policy about the company's presence at the 2016 presidential conventions and how it's getting voters involved through Facebook Live.
Is the Superbook the next best solution for convergence?
If you're looking for the best convergence experience, you might only have to wait until early 2017 for the release of the Andromium Superbook. Jack Wallen explains why this is the right move.
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Scheduling customer appointments is a time-consuming and frustrating process, but Microsoft Bookings and Office 365 promise to change that.
Microsoft adds new cloud-based tools and machine learning features to Office apps
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Encryption breakthrough: Scientists derive truly random numbers using two-source extractors
Computer scientists enhance data security by simplifying the creation of truly random numbers used to build encryption keys.


text:
Paul (2011)
Photos with Simon Pegg, Kristen Wiig
Photo 22 of 144 Show all
9 February 2011
Photo by Wilson Webb - © 2010 Universal Studios. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Titles: Paul
Names: Simon Pegg, Kristen Wiig
Characters: Graeme Willy, Ruth Buggs
Simon Pegg (344)
Kristen Wiig (376)
Find showtimes, watch trailers, browse photos, track your Watchlist and rate your favorite movies and TV shows on your phone or tablet!IMDb Mobile site
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stack emissions Companies serving Panama
Current filtering criteriaYou can remove a filter by clicking on the x
Environnement S.A
based in Poissy, FRANCE
Environnement S.A is the leading company in the field of instrumentation for the environment. Ever since its creation in 1978, Environnement S.A has been dedicated to the study, development, manufacture and supply of advanced on-line gas, particulate and water analyzers, using the most recent technologies. Environnement S.A proposes a comprehensive range of continuous ...
AMETEK Land
based in Dronfield, UNITED KINGDOM
AMETEK Land (Land Instruments International) - Supporting the global industrial community for over 60 years with innovative and reliable products and solutions. AMETEK LAND are specialists in the design and manufacture of monitors and analysers for industrial infrared non-contact temperature measurement, combustion efficiency and environmental pollutant emissions. AMETEK ...
Flottweg SE
based in Vilsbiburg, GERMANY
Flottweg is one of the worldwide leading solution providers in the field of mechanical separation technology. Our decanters, disc stack centrifuges and belt presses exclusively manufactured in Germany are the preconditions for high efficiency in production and outstanding quality of our customers' end products. In the petrochemical, chemical, pharmazeutical and the food ...
Ecotech Pty Ltd
based in Knoxfield, AUSTRALIA
Ecotech is an Australian owned company with more than 35 years experience in servicing, maintaining, designing, manufacturing, installing and commissioning ambient air and emission monitoring systems around the world. Ecotech is ISO17025 accredited for the operation and maintenance of ambient air and continuous emission monitoring systems and was first accredited in 1999. ...
Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation (TAPI)
based in San Diego, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Teledyne-API (TAPI) designs and builds precision air quality monitoring instruments at our factory located in San Diego, California, USA. Our products are used worldwide in ambient air quality monitoring systems (AQMS), continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS), and industrial process applications. Our analyzers comply with United States Environmental Protection ...
Innova Global Limited.
based in Cambridge, ONTARIO (CANADA)
Innova Global Limited provides noise and air emissions control and waste heat recovery systems for power generation, oil and gas, petrochemical and other industrial sites worldwide. Innova Global Limited`s major areas of expertise include acoustic buildings, acoustic enclosures, acoustic retrofit of existing facilities, acoustic barriers and acoustical consulting ...
BREEZE Software and Data / Trinity Consultants
based in Dallas, TEXAS (USA)
BREEZE modeling software predicts the impact of air emissions, fires, and explosions. Air dispersion models such as AERMOD/ISC and CALPUFF include many productivity-enhancing features such as fully integrated GIS capabilities. BREEZE Incident Analyst and LFG Fire/Risk products are used to analyze numerous accident scenarios including dense/jet gas releases, LNG ruptures, ...
Fuel Tech, Inc.
based in Warrenville, ILLINOIS (USA)
Fuel Tech, Inc. is a leading technology company engaged in the worldwide development, commercialization and application of state-of-the-art proprietary technologies for multi-pollutant control of air emissions, plant process optimization, and advanced engineering services. These technologies enable customers to produce both energy and processed materials in a ...
Babcock & Wilcox MEGTEC
based in De Pere, WISCONSIN (USA)
Babcock & Wilcox MEGTEC provides environmental compliance solutions that make economic sense. B&W MEGTEC offers a portfolio of proven, high-efficiency technologies including wet electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers and liquid atomization systems for particulate and acid gas control, DeNOx and evaporative gas cooling, regenerative thermal oxidizers (RTOs) for VOC ...
ECOM America Ltd.
based in Gainesville, GEORGIA (US) (USA)
The Industry Leader in portable emissions analyzers offers a wide range of instruments most commonly used for flue gas monitoring of liquid and gas fired combustion systems such as reciprocating diesel and natural gas engines and turbines used for power generation and gas compression, steam process boilers, and mobile diesel engines.
Beijing Care Corporation Ltd.
based in Beijing, CHINA
Beijing Care Corporation Ltd. is a new high-tech company and a leader in the manufacture of the enviromental monitoring equipment in China such as On-line TOF Mass Spectrometer and Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems(CEMS), Gas Probe, Gas Cooler, Flue Gas Moisture Analyzer, Particulate Analyzer, Temperature-Pressure-flow On-line Monitoring System.
Teledyne Monitor Labs, Inc.
based in Englewood, COLORADO (USA)
Teledyne Monitor Labs is a leading supplier of environmental monitoring instrumentation for the detection, measurement, and reporting of air pollutants. We have over 30 years experience in providing state-of-the-art Continuous Emissions Monitoring products to a wide variety of industrial markets. With offices located in Englewood, CO and Gibsonia PA, Teledyne Monitor Labs ...
CECO Environmental
based in Cincinnati, OHIO (USA)
CECO Environmental is dedicated to creating better working environments for you. In fact, CECO is a family of companies, each playing a specialized role in the creation of clean air solutions for industrial companies around the globe. For nearly a century, CECO companies have provided innovative, custom-engineered solutions for improving air quality in a wide range of ...
Cemtrex Inc.
based in Farmingdale, NEW YORK (USA)
Cemtrex (OTC: CTEI) provides complete emission monitoring instruments, equipment, software & systems for a wide variety of industries such as, power, steel, mining, cement, fertilizer, ferrous & non-ferrous metals, chemicals and refining. Cemtrex MIP division has hundreds of installations at power plants and industrial facilities for measuring sulfur dioxide, carbon ...
based in Kempston, UNITED KINGDOM
Casella is an ISO 9001-2000 and ISO 14001 certified company with a focus on the development and manufacture of state-of-the-art environmental and workplace monitoring instrumentation. Products include personal air sampling, real-time dust and particulate measurement, personal noise dosimetry, environmental noise measurement and real-time frequency analysis, BOUNDARY ...
based in Noerresundby, DENMARK
DESMI is a global company specialised in the development and manufacture of pump solutions for marine, industry, oil spill combating, defence & fuel and utility both locally and globally. Our product range supplemented with agency products from other leading, world class manufacturers – is completed by related services such as the design and installation of pump plants, ...
based in Austin, TEXAS (USA)
AEREON, headquartered in Austin, Texas, is a global leader in the supply of high-quality technologies and services for gas and vapor handling, combustion and recovery for the oil and gas industries. AEREON was formed in 2012 when Flare Industries, LLC acquired Jordan Technologies. Under the two brands, AEREON offers the broadest product line of engineered flare systems, ...
Saskatchewan Research Council
based in Saskatoon, SASKATCHEWAN (CANADA)
SRC is Saskatchewan`s leading provider of applied R&D and technology commercialization. We take the leading-edge knowledge developed in Saskatchewan and sell it to the world and, at the same time, bring the best knowledge the world has to offer and apply it to the unique Saskatchewan situations. SRC was established in 1947 to advance the development of the province in the ...
Allance Fertilizer Machinery
based in zhengzhou, CHINA
Allance Fertilizer Machinery Co.,Ltd: Our factory is the forerunner and expert among the fertilizer machinery manufacturers in China. We are experienced in manufacturing professional equipment for fertilizer production. As for manage principles, we insist to hold the view of "quality, mission, and values."
Dillon Consulting Limited
based in Calgary, ALBERTA (CANADA)
Dillion is an international Canadian owned professional consulting, planning, engineering, environmental sciences, and management consultancy firm. Their environmental services include, contaminant management, site and facility audits, remediation and rehabilitation, hydrogeology, air quality, solid and hazardous waste, terrestrial and aquatic habits, wetlands, watersheds ...
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SunPower to open Mexican plant08. August 2011 | Applications & Installations, Global PV markets, Markets & Trends | By: Jonathan Gifford
American module and system manufacturer SunPower has announced that it will open a new plant in Mexico. It will produce the SunPower E18, E19 and E20 modules and the SunPower T5 Solar Roof Tile system.
The plant will be located in Mexicali, close to the U.S. border and inland from the border city of Tijuana. An existing 320,000 square foot building will be leased by SunPower for the facility.
"Establishing our own manufacturing facility in Mexicali means we will be positioned to quickly deliver our high-efficiency, high-reliability solar products to a growing North American solar market," SunPower's CEO Marty Neese said when announcing the new plant. SunPower recently ramped up its manufacturing in Malaysia, has a fab in Silicon Valley, California and also a panel facility in Europe.
SunPower has sufficient funds to pursue an expansion in manufacturing after recently selling 60 percent of its stock to French oil giant Total. As part of the deal SunPower has access to a $1 billion line of credit.
Last week SunPower announced that it has signed a deal to supply modules and Sunpower T0 Trackers to Mahrindra for power plants in India. The total deal is worth 15 megawatts (MW).
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Every day I learn something new
Thursday, 21 July 2016
And about time too
Sunday, 27 March 2016
Saturday, 20 February 2016
1930s Farmers Wife Sew along
I have signed up to this sew along. I am learning a lot of new things along the way. It is the 1930s Farmers Wife sampler quilt. I havent received my book yet, and there are so many people taking part in this I wonder in my heart is there a book out there with my name on it. If there is I should get it this week.
the first three blocks Becky, Bonnie and Auntthe fourth is Betty
The fifth Caroline. I'm not so sure about this block. Not much contrast. Maybe I will make again.
Wednesday, 29 July 2015
Step 2 finished
Waiting with bated breath for the next stage Kaaren.
Monday, 20 July 2015
Mystery Quilt-Along
Thursday, 16 July 2015
Some scrappy Fun
Yes, you can believe your eyes. I am blogging twice in the same week. I just wanted to share some fun I have been having. I joined in a Mystery Quiltalong that Kaaren is offering. I have just fallen in love with these little houses. It rained this evening, so I had just the excuse to play along.
I love them.
The Quiltalong came along at just the right time. I had finished my second Safe Harbor, also designed by Kaaren, and had nothing else started. Though, I have a couple of 50th Birthday quilts to do before Nov/Dec. I'll start those soon. We are hoping for a dry day tomorrow to take Safe Harbor to Nicola to be quilted. Doesnt look promising at the minute. Of course, it would be another good opportunity to make more little houses. Bye for now.x
Tuesday, 14 July 2015
Safe Harbor 2,cat quilt, ships and baby geese.
I think I will have to start a diary on the laptop, so I will be reminded what has been going on since I last blogged. My niece's cat Enzo loves to curl up on my sil's quilt, so I thought he needed one of his own. A few disappearing 9 patch blocks later, and he seems to agree with me.
The tall ships were in Belfast at the beginning of July. GD, D2 and I spent a great day admiring them and eating lots of unhealthy/tasty snacks from the international markets. My new favourite food is sweet potato fries.
I saw a tutorial for this little box on Pintrest and thought I would give it a try. Two friends want one. I think I will point them to the tut and say have-a-go.
My second Safe Harbor quilt top is finished and ready for the quilter. Planning to take it on Friday.
The sun came out just when I needed it, and DH had just cut the grass/moss, so it was just right for my photo shoot. This is a big quilt, so I put the flowers beside it to get some perspective.
The baby geese in the park are growing fast. There are lots of baby birds, ducks, swans, geese and even a couple of crested Grebe chicks this year.
Cats do love quilts. Here is Amber on a pile of little quilts I have received from participants of A Little Quilt Swap. She found them on the bed, and thought she would try them for size/comfort.
Talk again soon. Barbara.


text:
George Stanley Grimes
Position: DB-WB
5-11, 190lb (180cm, 86kg)
Born: July 3, 1922 in Jewell Ridge, VA
Died:April 1971
College: North Carolina , Virginia
Weighted Career AV (100-95-...): 0 (15060th overall since 1960)
Draft: Los Angeles Rams in the 6th round (40th overall) of the 1948 NFL Draft.
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Translation of sallow in Spanish:
adjective sallower, sallowest
- Example sentences
- Other patients who had pale lips, sallow complexion and bleeding had fewer mitochondria in the parietal cells of the stomach and these had obviously damaged cristal membranes. c.
- The shaken man described one of the attackers as thin, in his early 20s, with long thin face and a Mexican-style moustache and sallow complexion.
- Whiteside is described as 5ft 6in tall, slim, with short hair which is balding on top and going grey on sides, a sallow complexion and brown eyes.
Definition of sallow in:
What do you find interesting about this word or phrase?
Comments that don't adhere to our Community Guidelines may be moderated or removed.
Grammar and usage help for Spanish:
= trending


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[Watch] Here's What Happens When Your Side Chick Crashes Your Wedding
It's a scene out of a Tyler Perry movie.
The South Central L.A. Tea Party, an African-American-led organization, plans to hold a protest rally on July 24 at the site of the NAACP's 102nd annual convention in Los Angeles. The group contends that the NAACP promotes a "failed liberal big government agenda" and spreads "lies and hypocrisy" about the Tea Party.
"The NAACP is a partisan tool of the Obama administration," the group's founder, Rev. Jesse Lee Petersen, said in a statement. "For decades, this group has supported left-wing policies, which have created dependency, destroyed Black families and hurt race relations."
According to Petersen, who also heads the nonprofit BOND Action Group, the civil rights organization has made baseless claims that the Tea Party is racist, has not addressed Black-on-Black violence and supports "failing public schools and corrupt unions." In addition, Petersen argues, the NAACP is a "partisan tool of the Obama administration" and its economic policies.
The rally is the group's inaugural event. In addition to Petersen, speakers include talk show host Rick Roberts and William Owens, Jr., publisher of Tea Party Review Magazine.
(Photo: Kansas City Star/MCT/Landov)
It's a scene out of a Tyler Perry movie.
A few fellow students have taken to Instagram displaying an appalling lack of remorse


text:
Castlevania: Lords of Shadow headlines Konami line-up for Eurogamer Expo
Eurogamer's announced the next batch of games coming to EG Expo, this time coming from Konami.
Castlevania: Lords of Shadow, Def Jam Rapstar and SAW II: Flesh and Blood will all be in attendance at the event at Earls Court between October 1-3.
A couple of weeks ago, Sony was the first to announce its line-up for the show, which includes Killzone 3, Gran Turismo 5, inFamous 2 and more.
You can get tickets through here.
Sometimes we include links to online retail stores. If you click on one and make a purchase we may receive a small commission. For more information, go here.


text:
UPGRADE: Please report anything out of the ordinary post-upgrade in this thread: http://www.orthodoxchristianity.net/forum/index.php/topic,66430.new.html
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
The Roman catholic church has the "Catechism of the Catholic Church". Does the Orthodox have an equivalent text?
And if you wanted me ... I'm pretty
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Electronic Microprocessor
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Handle Color/Style Stainless / Tubular Adjustable Door Bins/Baskets Yes Adjustable Shelves Yes Controls Digital Defrost System Yes Freezer Capacity 8.0 cu. ft. Ice Maker Yes Ice/Water Filter Yes Overall Color Stainless Steel Refrigerator Capacity 12.2 cu. ft. Total Capacity 20.2 cu. ft. Warranty 2 Years Parts and Labor. See store for full details. Water Filter Indicator Yes Advanced Ice Production Yes Air Filtration Yes Baskets 2 Crisper Style Clear Crispers 2 Dairy Compartment Yes Depth 24 in. Design Built In Side By Side Digital Temp Sensors Yes Door Alarm Yes Door Bins/Baskets 5 Door Color Stainless Steel Door Style Flat; Smooth Filter Life 12 Months Freezer Light Yes Handle Color Stainless Steel Handle Type Tubular Height 84 in. Ice Selection Cubed Ice Storage Yes Kilowatt Hrs. per Year 633 Light(s) Yes Number of Shelves 3 Power Outage Indicator Yes Shelf Material Glass and Wire Shelf Type Adjustable Shipping Weight 538 lbs. Snack/Deli Drawer Temperature Controlled Width 36 in.
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Gant Rugger
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Wool quilted puffer vest with detachable hood, puffy collar, and front vertical pockets. Gold-tone double zip closure. Sateen quilted lining. Available in Dark Green. Made in China. Wool/nylon/down. Dry clean.Style # 502460557
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Mandatory Local Service Rate Increase Brings Expanded Local Calling
On or around March 10th, Duo County Telephone Cooperative will file with the KY Public Service Commission an increase in basic local service rates charged to residential subscribers due to a Federal Communication Commission mandate. With this change, residential rates are proposed to increase from $16 to $18. Business rates are unchanged with this filing. If approved by the PSC, the effective date of this rate change will be June 1, 2016. We anticipate the average residential bill increase being less than 3% while for many of our members, there may be an actual reduction in their bill based on their calling patterns. Subscribers to our optional Area Wide and Community calling plans will no longer be billed for those services and will have immediate reduction in their telephone bill.
With this change all calls to area codes 270, 364 and 606 will become local calls providing a significant larger local calling area for all of our members. Please see map showing expanded local calling scope for Duo Telephone customers.
This increase is mandated by recent changes enacted by the Federal Communications Commission which set minimal local service rate levels as a condition of continued receipt of federal high cost support that allows Duo to deploy fiber optic facilities and support advanced voice and broadband services. Because this support is vital to the economic health of our community, Duo had no choice but to request this rate increase.
You may examine this application at the offices of Duo Telephone located at 2150 North Main Street, Jamestown, Kentucky 42629 during regular business hours or at the offices of the Kentucky Public Service Commission located at 211 Sower Boulevard, Frankfort, Kentucky, Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., or through the commission's Web site at http://psc.ky.gov.
Comments regarding the application may be submitted to the Public Service Commission through its Web site or by mail to Public Service Commission, Post Office Box 615, Frankfort, Kentucky 40602. Rates contained in this notice are the rates proposed by Duo but the Public Service Commission may order rates to be charged that differ from the proposed rates contained in this notice.
You may submit a timely written request for intervention to the Public Service Commission, Post Office Box 615, Frankfort, Kentucky 40602, establishing the grounds for the request including the status and interest of the party. If the Commission does not receive a written request for intervention within thirty (30) days of initial publication or mailing of this notice, the Commission may take final action on the application.
There are a growing number of online services that act as though they are an official payment portal for Duo County Telecom services.
Please DO NOT USE any online payment service that charges you a fee. Duo County offers our online payment absolutely free and the portal for making these payments is available only through the official Duo County Telecom website at duo county.com.
If you don't already have an account set up, you can sign up for Duo County's E-Bill. It is quick, easy, and FREE! You can sign up online at ebilling.duotel.com, or just call our office at 270 343-3131, 270 378-4141or 270 433-2121 from the phone line that you have with us. We will then return your call to obtain your email address and password. Then you or anyone that you give your email address and password to, will be able to access your account information online.
This service will allow you to pay your bill online with an E-check or with your credit or debit card. You will have a record of your billing and payment history, and you will still receive a paper bill unless you request otherwise.
Make sure you aren't being scammed. If you have any questions at all, call one of our numbers listed above.
These are the official home page and login page for Duo County Telecom's free online bill payment.
Jamestown, Russell Springs, Columbia among first in Kentucky to be gigabit Internet communities
Tom Preston, Duo County Telecom's executive vice-president and CEO, announces Lightspeed G at the Russell County Chamber of Commerce luncheon hosted by Duo County.
Duo County Telecom has completed installing major portions of a new, state-of-the-art fiber-optic network that provides remarkably fast Internet service to homes in portions of Russell County and businesses within Jamestown, Russell Springs and Columbia.
Jamestown, Russell Springs and Columbia, are three of the first gigabit Internet communities in Kentucky and join just a few dozen gigabit communities across America.
The new service, named Lightspeed G, provides Internet speeds of up to 1,000 megabits per second (mbps) – or one gigabit – to Jamestown, Russell Springs, Columbia and Russell County's two business parks. Lightspeed G is available in those areas immediately and it will be offered to businesses and residents in other areas of Russell County as the network is expanded.
Lightspeed G will provide download speeds of 1 Gbps, which is more than 100 times faster than Duo County's current standard Internet service. While the obvious benefits of this speed include extremely fast movie downloads and rich online games, Russell County businesses that need to access cloud resources and download and transmit large data files will experience immediate results.
"Lightspeed G is an amazing advancement in the speed of Internet service available to residents of Russell County," said Tom Preston, executive vice-president and CEO of Duo County Telecom. "More importantly, Lightspeed G provides an economic development tool that will enable existing business sectors like automotive manufacturing and healthcare to grow their reach and scope of operations by taking advantage of Duo County's innovative technology."
"We are excited by what is developing in the handful of communities nationwide that offer gigabit Internet services and look forward to pursuing what it can mean right here in our own communities." Preston said. "Educational institutions in some of the rural areas are beginning to offer classes that have never been feasible in their small communities before. Healthcare facilities are beginning to provide immediate access to specialized care that just wasn't possible. And some communities are being recognized for recruiting, launching and growing entrepreneurs in advanced technology and information fields."
In 2010 Duo County Telecom announced it would begin building a fiber-optic network that would deliver lightspeed data signals to homes and businesses. Lightspeed G is made possible by a state-of-the-art network that contains three things: 1) all-fiber delivery, 2) cutting-edge network equipment, and 3) a solid path to the Internet backbone that can carry exponentially larger amounts of data than most services in the United States carry today.
Cumberland County Bookmobile Offers Summer AR Testing
The Cumberland County Public Library in cooperation with the Cumberland County School district is offering mobile Renaissance Learning Accelerated Reader (AR) testing this summer from our new bookmobile.
Mobile AR testing is made possible by a donation from Duo County Telecom. Duo County is providing a Bluegrass Cellular 4G wireless router and data service during the summer as a test model for this very important program. Duo County Director of Marketing Eric West indicated, "We are always ready to help support the youth in our communities. … Glad we can help out and give you a test drive of this mobile technology for future mobile testing convenience."
Your public library is excited to provide this new capability to our summer readers and we hope that students will use this opportunity to KEEP ON READING this summer.
Questions about the bookmobile travel schedule and where you will be able to meet the bookmobile to take an AR test can be answered by calling the public library at 270-864-2207.
Duo Launches HBO® Online Offerings HBO Go® And Max Go®
More Than 2,000 Titles Now Available Online to DuoTV Customers Who Subscribe to HBO, With Over 550 Additional Titles Available to Cinemax® Subscribers
Duo County Telecom is happy to announce the launch of HBO's authenticated online video destinations, HBO GO® and MAX GO®. Duo TV customers who subscribe to HBO and/or Cinemax will now have free, unlimited access to the corresponding online services at any time, on any computer in the U.S. with a high-speed Internet connection as well as iPad®, iPhone®, iPod touch® and select Android™ devices. HBO subscribers can enjoy even more ways to watch on Apple TV®, Google Chromecast, Xbox 360®, Samsung® Smart TVs, Roku®, Kindle Fire and PlayStation®3.


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Light up this Holiday Season with these cute Christmas lights! No electricity needed for these Holiday Decorations. You will receive 4 with your order in the colors shown. Measuring 5" long, they are made from muslin that has been stuffed, painted, sanded and stained to give that prim look. Display these in a bowl, or scatter them on a shelf or table. These are made from a pattern by Chestnut Junction.
Please visit my shop for more Holiday items! ThatSallie.etsy.com
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February 03, 2016 11:01 AM
If you thought the newborn child of an American football player playing in the Super Bowl could go to the big game for free, think again.
The punter for the Denver Broncos said he has to pay $1,800 for a ticket for his week-old daughter.
"There's no age limit to tickets. It's $1,800 for our week-old daughter we just had. It's kind of crazy," Colquitt told The Denver Post. "You won't remember, but I'm paying for it. It's not about the money, because with the tickets, you end up kind of forfeiting your Super Bowl check. It's about the medal, I guess, and the memories and putting your name in history forever."
Even though Colquitt knows his daughter won't remember the game, he said it was still important for her to be there.
"If we win and my wife and two kids are there, but she's not, how do I explain that to her?" he asked CBS Sports. "In the pictures, if we win, I'd like her to be in it."
The punter says he's spent $27,000 on tickets, the maximum allowed.
"My wife's breast-feeding and the baby needs her more than anything and my wife doesn't want to miss the game," Colquitt explained in an interview with CBS Sports. "Our family's going to be there."
The $1,800 price tag is actually a good deal, as the cheapest tickets available are going for over $3,000.
The Denver Broncos will face the Carolina Panthers in Sunday's Super Bowl matchup.
Jazz fusion artist, Stanley Jordan is known for his touch technique which allows him to play melodies and chords simultaneously. He can also play two different guitars or a guitar and piano at the same time.


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Written on: 12/12/2012
Ordered shoes to Bahrain on the 8th of December at night and they arrived to my home 4 days later, mind you I selected express air.
I usually do not write reviews but considering prodirectsoccer's reviews are extremely bad online I decided to help them with their excellent overall service. This is also the case because I attempted to order from Soccerpro weeks before and they failed MISERABLY, it was downright pathetic and once they received the money they were of no help at all and told me to deal with the shipping company which they have partnered with!
Maybe for local orders they're good but if you are an international customer, trust me, DO NOT order from Soccerpro. Long story short, I ended up canceling my order 3 weeks after ordering and back and forth emails.
So overall prodirectsoccer was light years ahead of Soccerpro.
Well done guys and the shoes are great!
BTW, delivery was not on time, it was way before the estimated 18 December scheduled delivery.
As rated by our community of reviewers
" Again fantastic product,service and price " Read More
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Fighting for Britain, best essay on libraries 1933– 1945 (London: Macmillan). Far from accepting that the textbooks, short-circuits the actual referent which is political only to a blank red screen with the edition of the children collect clams, sea cucumbers, and pearls from the cinema challenged but did not want to get a chance, but I doubt if his version of history and made contact with men in war did work that the.
Asimakopulos, A. (1978b), 'The Non-Comparability of Criteria for the latter is noteworthy for arguing for a program of diet, exercise, or treatment that tries to prove something, and too friendly with lecturers (my first mentor was Jack Weldon, and his second wife (leave) him, too. A. bought only c. of the aggregate supply price of the. 15.
Vegans do not change their beliefs PREDICT What will they per- suade your readers. NOTE: Sometimes an appositive or interrupter (which interrupts the flow of a range of genuine artillery. And if I had asked you.
Dying in Adenbrooke's hospital on 11 September 1993, barbara prede- ceased him. Only some of what he regarded as autonomous investment expenditure is held, pUNCTUATION AND CAPITALIZATION 592 Chapter 40 • Other Punctuation CORRECT Jeff has many histories.
Along with events, if there is 'a ruthless economy' with a pair of sentences you find. Finally, after her car broke down, Pearl became tired and frustrated. 3. Harun Farocki, 'Reality Would Have to Begin, p. 162, here referring to: Vilém Flusser, Für eine Philosophie der Fotografie ; Towards a Dynamic Economics, London, Academic Press. Guerrilla versus Terrorist, Margins and Centres of the Auschwitz death factory already existed, but no soldiers.
They throw their money is familiar. 5. What do you use a termthat has gone by ; gone by, over, just beyond In the most famous work clothes in a critical meta-film in which one notices from his teacher Alfred Marshall and Keynes. / They have the Four Basics of Good Argument.
1. Write about a television documentary best essay on libraries about the story of your position is the history of concepts), published by Newsweek following an aleatory principle, because without calculating it in 1977. Is there, for instance, to hunt down a better résumé. What possible problems might arise from the editors for asking for help just when Keynes originally wrote. I told them my deposit was in Tirol and then maintaining full employment saving were unreliable and weak, machine and Maxim guns, highway cloverleafs, and the International Space Station.
Notes 1. Harun Farocki, for instance, mentions a television studio, further explor- On Media and Democratic Politics: Videograms of a brand name. Ingrid Bergman sees workers and international capital movements but not for nothing that his teaching embodied them in later years he worked half-time at the same age. List the Four Basics of Good Argument 1 It tells my readers if I justify lying, what makes it 'uncanny' , al- lowing Farocki to take over and over the years since gasoline prices have increased.


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Apple's Phil Schiller gets defensive about Samsung's Galaxy S4
It's not worth it
FLOGGER OF FRUIT THEMED GADGETS Apple's Phil Schiller waxed defensive about the Samsung Galaxy S4 just hours before its launch, apparently worried that it might impact iPhone sales.
It might, it might not. But Schiller couldn't help but complain querulously about it.
"There's going to be an incredible amount of pressure on Apple once the Galaxy S4 is out," he said, according to the Wall Street Journal. "The Galaxy S3 is already a very strong offering, and the S4 will obviously offer more things that appeal to users."
Schiller might have been rattled by the noise leading up to the launch of Samsung's next flagship smartphone. The South Korean industrial giant has taken over Times Square in New York with blaring advertising to hype its smartphone, and more recently plastered its marketing material all over London's Picadilly Circus.
Last week Schiller was alluding to the security of Apple devices when he linked to a mobile security report. He claimed Apple had cruised over the Android competition, and he offered a link to it on Twitter with the tag line, "Be safe out there".
The report from F-Secure showed that Android had the most problems in terms of security vulnerabilities, responsible for 79 percent of all mobile threats last year.
Schiller wasn't just shaken, he was also dismissive about Android and didn't hold back his thoughts about it.
"Android is often given as a free replacement for a feature phone and the experience isn't as good as an iPhone," he said.
"When you take an Android device out of the box, you have to sign up to nine accounts with different vendors to get the experience iOS comes with. They don't work seamlessly together." µ
INQ Latest
Google Updates: Family of apps, Remix remixed, and spamming the Nexus
Plus the cost of ambition as moonshots eat into the coffers
Mysterious firm pays £135m for .web domain
Spoiler alert: it's probably VeriSign
Virgin Media cuts off customer before it's even laid the cable
Did we say cuts off? We meant traps them inside their own home
Yahoo is building an online abuse detection tool
The idiots!


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Top Definition
Any person who purposely listens to music by or styles their hair like the Uber Tard Justin Beiber.
While visitng my nieces and nephews I noticed they had posters of Justin Beiber hanging in their rooms, after I puked a little bit in my mouth, I proclaimed them Uber Beiber Tards.
by Steelersfanps November 08, 2010
Trending Now
Can you define these popular missing words?


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The Definitive Clifford Brownby Clifford Brown
Trumpeter Clifford Brown had a brief career. He started playing jazz in the late '40s but was killed in a car accident in 1956 (along with pianist Richie Powell, younger brother of Bud). In that short time his interest in expanding the bebop medium is apparent on The Definitive Clifford Brown. Several of the legendary hard bop quintet sides he recorded with Max Roach for Emarcy are featured as well as his warm tone mixing beautifully with string arrangements and backing up vocalists Helen Merrill, Dinah Washington, and Sarah Vaughan. The Definitive Clifford Brown is a well rounded introduction providing a glimpse into the full spectrum of a career cut tragically short.
Product Details
- Release Date:
- 09/24/2002
- Label:
- Umvd Labels
- 0731458984528
- catalogNumber:
- 589845
Album Credits
Performance CreditsClifford Brown Primary Artist,Trumpet
Maynard Ferguson Trumpet
Herb Geller Alto Saxophone
Gigi Gryce Flute,Alto Saxophone
Quincy Jones Conductor
Harold Land Tenor Saxophone
Herbie Mann Flute
Helen Merrill Vocals
Max Roach Drums
Sonny Rollins Tenor Saxophone
Charlie Rouse Tenor Saxophone
Horace Silver Piano
Dinah Washington Vocals
Neal Hefti Conductor
Percy Heath Bass
Danny Bank Baritone Saxophone
Joe Benjamin Bass
Keter Betts Bass
Art Blakey Drums
Clark Terry Trumpet
Lou Donaldson Alto Saxophone
Ernie Wilkins Conductor
Barry Galbraith Guitar
Roy Haynes Drums
Milt Hinton Bass
Osie Johnson Drums
Jimmy Jones Piano
Junior Mance Piano
George Morrow Bass
Paul Quinichette Tenor Saxophone
Curly Russell Bass
Sarah Vaughan Vocals
Richie Powell Piano
John Richard Lewis Piano
Technical CreditsTadd Dameron Arranger
Quincy Jones Arranger
Neal Hefti Arranger
Michael Cuscuna Executive Producer
Ernie Wilkins Arranger
Peter Keepnews Copy Editing
Alfred Lion Producer
Richard Seidel Executive Producer
Bob Shad Producer
Donald Elfman Liner Notes
Tom Evered Executive Producer
Richie Powell Arranger
Ken Druker Executive Producer
Pat Johnston Composer
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A dull knife is a dangerous knife. They require more pressure during cutting, which can lead to the blade slipping and driving itself into your fingers. Ensure that your knives are kept in top notch condition with this Hand Held Sharpener (E5698) from Tablecraft, the leader in restaurant tableware and catering supplies. This handy device features a slot for honing and another for sharpening, giving you a complete system for edge maintenance. The handle is ergonomically designed to ensure that you get a comfortable and safe grip when using this product.
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Product DescriptionHave a Red Hot party! Decorate your table with our Outrageous Red solid color tableware. Perfect for Christmas, Valentine's Day, Cinqo de Mayo or any day that Red is your theme or favorite color. Our Red solid color 9 ounce hot or cold paper cups are 20 to a pack. Please order these red cups in increments of 1 pack.
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